As ’live in an Information Society, but also one of disinformation and fake news. We also now find ourselves in a censored era, one that doesn’t come from the controls of government but from a handful of corporate entities that may mean well but too often cut offn that the Internet was supposed to usher in.? Like a virus, this behavior is spreading widely and quickly.m?
Free speech will always confound us. We hear something that sounds so vile, so negative, so hateful and we want to silence that voice. But unless they commit a crime or directly incite violence, we should just ignore it or counter it with better speech. It’s better to get all thoughts and ideas out in the open – and to publicly challenge them rather than for people to secretly harbor delusional thoughts that go unchallenged.
It’s not easy. A lot of companies wish they didn’t have to police their business this way. A lot of consumers wish something wonderful, like Facebook, wouldn';t be used to spread hate and ignorance. But the digital world must mirror the real world and allow for the First Amendment to be a living, breathing ideal. We must remain tolerant and optimistic in the face of hate, bigotry, and lying.
all.


Exploration / Development
Cobalt 27 changes course of metals streaming
UNIQUE cobalt sector play Cobalt 27 has had a hectic 12 months or so since its spectacular launch on the Toronto Stock Exchange last year. Yet, despite the rapid progress made so far in the execution of its distinctive strategy, observers can’t help but think the journey has only just started for the ‘electric-metals’ company.
Basamuk processing plant, part of US$2.1 billion Ramu nickel-cobalt mine in Papua New Guinea. Image: Highlands Pacific, June 2018
"We plan on continuing to grow our asset base," says CEO Anthony Milewski.
"It's been a big year.
"We always knew that it would be a challenge to start a streaming and royalty company. Most of them were founded on a spin-off or some other corporate transaction. We went out and acquired the world's largest commercial stockpile of physical cobalt. Having physical cobalt gave us a balance sheet, and once we had that, we could use the physical cobalt as part of our leverage to raise equity and debt financing to complete streaming and royalty transactions.
"vel.
"Voisey's Bay is considered generational as it represents the only new, significant nickel sulphide discovery in the last 30 years. You just have to look back at the interest it generated after being discovered, with Inco and Falconbridge vying to acquire it. The opportunity for Cobalt 27 to gain access to this asset through a 32.6% cobalt stream is really once in a lifetime.
"There is the potential that Voisey's Bay could produce nickel and cobalt for another 20 to 30 years.
"Our 32.6% cobalt str We have marketing rights over the cobalt which we intend to sell.
"The fact that Cobalt 27 was able to secure this cobalt stream is significant to delivering on our pledge to generate shareholder returns."
The Ramu nickel-cobalt mine is majority-owned and operated by a first in class operator, Metallurgical Corporation of China Ltd, which has a market capitalization of about US$12 billion. The mine was delivered on budget, US$2.1 billion, in 2012, which at the time was China's largest overseas mining investment.
It recently hired as head of strategy Martin Vydra, a nickel and cobalt technical expert who's worked in the industry for more than 30 years.
"While the focus of our business is cobalt and nickel, we told our investors that we are not going to invest in the Congo," says Milewski. "Outside of the Congo, nickel and cobalt basically go together in the majority of cases. I would just note to investors, that in addition to cobalt, we have significant nickel exposure and I think that's overlooked by the market. I think that nickel has a great few years ahead of it."
Voisey's Bay port site, Newfoundland, Canada, where Cobalt 27 holds a 32.6% cobalt production stream beginning January 1, 2021, from the US$1.7 billion Voisey's Bay underground mine expansion. Image: Vale
A key difference in the Cobalt 27 strategy and growth platform is the 2,905.7 tonnes of cobalt it also owns, worth about C$275 million, representing, which is fully insured and stored in LME-bonded warehouses in Rotterdam, Antwerp and Baltimore. Milewski says holding physical cobalt and electric-metals focused streams and royalties means the company provides investors with unique exposure to rising metal prices without the standard mining company.
"We [the management group] examined various opportunities to invest in electric metals a," he says.
"We're not focused on exploration assets, we're targeting producing and near-production opportunities.
"For investors, with streaming, you isolate exposure to their particular metal of interest and, for the mining company, you are providing them with funds for a capital structure in a non-dilutive way. Stream financing is often cheaper than equity or debt.
"Through the acquisition of streaming and royalties on current and future production, we are helping to fund sustainable mines that produce cobalt and nickel that will help drive EVs. By creating this company, we're helping to finance nickel and cobalt mines that will ultimately power a cleaner future.
"And we're avoiding the Congo, which is one of the ways we're giving investors a unique, more geopolitically secure way to participate in the electric metals market shift.
"This is a big change and we are all just beginning to appreciate how fast it's coming. We'ajor industries on earth: the energy industry and the automotive industry.
"I believe we are talking about peak oil in terms of demand, and not supply.
"That's not happening tomorrow, these take five or 10 years to transpire.
Cobalt 27 capital
4 King Street West, Suite 401, Toronto, ON
M5H 1B6, Canada
Web: http://www.cobalt27.com/
MARKET CAP (September 13, 2018):
C$512.9 million
Cobalt heading towards 2020s deficit
MNN Awards: $168M deal transforms Highlands Pacific
Highlands in Ramu deal with Cobalt 27
Cobalt companies cash in
South Harz potash back in global spotlight
davenport resources
arafura resources


El Sistema Discovery Day at Carnegie Hall 2012
I would like this event to be useful to you. We are celebrating not only now months of activity by the groups of El Sistema here in the United States, but also nearly 40 years of accomplishment of El Sistema in Venezuela and its consequences worldwide. I want to begin by acknowledging the profound accomplishment of Maestro Abreu in nearly 40 years of music making, and in making music a central dimension of social policy for his nation. This is an incredible achievement. There are no comparable examples of the way Abreu has used of music as an instrument of social change while at the same time rendering the experience of music itself persuasive to participants and listeners. In general aesthetic judgment and pleasure (our notion of great music and great performance of very high standards, and our conversations about art and judgment) seem divorced from issues of politics and issues of societal inspiration. Maestro Abreu has managed to merge the two by creating a very effective instrument--overn--and using music with children and young people as a transformative instrument. In doing so, he has vindicated as well the misconception that we in the United States (and, to some extent, in Europe) have always worried about, (especially since the cultural wars in the United States in the ‘70s and ‘80s): the idea that classical music (which is a misnomer to begin with--there’s nothing classical about it), the traditions of orchestral music, chamber music and choral music, are solely the output of a privileged, aristocratic, white, European, male class and irrelevant outside of the cultural context of their origin. This notion doesn't make this kind of music particularly endearing to communities viewed as “outside”. But as Maestro Abreu's efforts have shown, the belief that this tradition of music is a thing of the past, a historical artifact that is atrophying, turns out to be wrong. Equally misguided is the notion that its value is a dimension of colonial and imperial imposition.
For complex reasons the traditions of notated Western music from the 16th century to today that are associated with concert music turn out to be transferrable culturally. They are being reinvented by new communities in new places that have nothing to do with the dead white males that had a hand in creating them. This is happening in the Far East (in China, Korea, Japan, Malaysia) and South America (particularly Mexico, Brazil and Venezuela). This musical tradition is now reinvented anew, by new generations and in new cultural contexts. That said, it has shown a potential transferability comparable to matters of science and mathematics, which know no cultural boundaries.
Therefore, Maestro Abreu’s achievement is not only for the country of Venezuela and its citizens, but also on behalf of the capacity of any nation’s power to place music making into the center of its culture. And, of course, the most famous result of this, on the international concert scene is Maestro Dudamel, particularly with his continuing commitment to maestro Abreu's principles, the creation in Los Angeles of YOLA (the Youth Orchestra of Los Angeles) and the programs which have created in Los Angeles the largest nucleo in the United States.
I start out with this praise because what I would like to talk about is not so much El Sistema as a model; rather we should regard it as an inspiration. It would be a mistake to look at what has been accomplished in Venezuela and conclude, “We can do this in the United States.” There is a certain tendency, given the power of the accomplishment, to follow the imitative route, to think that El Sistema is to music what Weight Watchers is to weight loss: that it’s a product you can package, wrap, and carry with you anywhere you go. But it's not so simple. The problems of Venezuela are not the problems of the United States. There are certain things in common, but there are many things that are very different. There are fundamental aspects El Sistema from which we can learn, that allow us to say we are inspired by El Sistema, but without merely imitating it. To truly honor the achievement of Maestro Abreu is not to imitate it, but to think in the same transformative way about our own circumstances in the United States and find a means, though probably those means may look very different from what has worked in Venezuela, to realize some of the same objectives.
Let me concentrate first on what we can take from the Venezuelan experience that looks transferable. Translation can be either literal (that is to say, very exact), which makes it ugly. Or it can be poetic, which means you are trying to get to the underlying meaning of words in another language and translate it in a way that expresses its moral equivalent in your own language. It may end up being, on the surface, quite a departure from the literal meaning.
The first principle of El Sistema we see that could impact the United States is to define music education and the function of music not in terms of some threshold and standard of quality in music making, but rather in terms of the activity itself. In the United States, we have a tendency to look at music as a function of something we call talent. Parents (wherever they are but also in poor and underserved communities), think that being musical is an exceptional quality. We love child prodigies, and we love to exploit them. This is a profound error based in this pervasive misconception. Music is an inbred, human activity, which every individual possesses, and the level of “natural” ability is not connected to what makes it meaningful, either to the individual or to the society. Prodigies do not define what is musical, and in our educational system we should not segregate by ability. The ability to make music should be encouraged democratically in every child without a prior prejudice of their so-called ability, because we do not know enough either about human psychology or human mechanisms of learning to make a reliable prediction of who in the end will be a good musician, who will not be one. Music making is developing a mode of expression apart from language and of encouraging a different dimension of sensibility. It is therefore not about the exceptional child; it is about every child. Once we accept that position, our whole attitude to music education must necessarily adjust, and that’s what El Sistema has done.
The second lesson to be learned from El Sistema is to regard music as a group activity and not as a divisive, individual activity, to understand that the learning of music is not only (or even primarily) a solo activity isolated from the community. In American popular culture we are familiar with the image of the bespectacled nerd carrying a violin case, someone who is laughed at by all the other kids on the baseball field, and perhaps even beaten up. (This is an autobiographical statement.) The centrality of the group experience in this case has everything to do with not making music. Later, rock music assumed the social collaborative and group function as an amateur activity that once defined classical music, in American society, at the expense of chamber and orchestral music. Snobs and defenders of classical music held rock and popular music in contempt, particularly after World War II. My point is that the perception of making music as a singular activity based in some exceptional talent must be changed. It is a group activity in which everyone at all levels of proficiency must be a participant. And this is perhaps easiest in choral groups.
The third important concept that El Sistema has successfully realized is that learning music and teaching it is a unified, simultaneous process. The moment the young person begins to play they also have an opportunity to pass the knowledge and experience on. The process of having to explain and articulate what you are learning to someone else, only intensifies your own learning. One of El Sistema's greatest triumphs is the integration of mentoring, which sharpens and accelerates the skill at every level, and informs the sense of communal activity. Older players sit with younger ones; the moment you can do something, you share it.
The fourth principle of El Sistema that is universally applicable is that of simplification without reduction. In traditional teaching methods, the core experience is the individual lesson in which music is simplified and reduced to the point of robbing it of its interest. (This is true even in the very successful Suzuki method.) A child encountering a simplified version of a complex piece may fail to perceive what makes it a great piece of music. This is why composers like Bartok and Schumann tried to write music for children with actually intrinsically interesting content; it is preferable to watered down music. Imagine telling child, “I want you to learn Shakespeare’s Hamlet, so I’m going to simplify it. It’s all about an unhappy young guy who dies.” The child might say, “What’s so interesting about an unhappy young guy? I can just look at my older brother. Why should I spend the time worrying about Hamlet?” It is essential to find a way to make the power and mystery and wonder of Mozart, Beethoven, and Mahler palpable to the child as something they can experience by doing. One way is through repertoire that’s specifically written for children, as Bartok and Schumann recognized. Then there is El Sistema's way, which is to have the beginner be a part of the orchestra as it performs the repertoire in its full complexity but to play parts that are suitable to the beginner's level; the parts will gradually become more complex as the student becomes more accomplished. Therefore a student can take part in a full performance of a Shostakovich symphony, hearing and seeing how his or her companions play it, and participate according to the appropriate skill level.
These are the pedagogical achievements that we can take from El Sistema and try to transfer to the American circumstance. This would need to be done, of course, in a context that does not separate public music making from the community. The orchestras, the chorus, the musical activity from the beginning must be public and collective. The primary objective is to put the orchestra to the service of social unification by fostering those qualities that make an orchestra great: its collaboration and mutual understanding. Thus, for example, instead of badgering an orchestra to play in tune, we encourage the members to learn how to play together and find their own way to intonation through the exercise of discipline, social cohesion, and a sense of community. Is it possible to build through music a sense of self worth and a sense of solidarity and a sense of investment in wellbeing? Indeed yes, if it is done publicly with children; parents, neighbors and friends are the spectators so that they become integral parts of the children's experience. That process of education, of intervention into children’s lives, cannot be limited to the school time. It has to be done within school and, as well, after school. It has to be integrated into the whole life of the children and community, seven days a week, of a child and community. And as El Sistema has shown, in this way music ceases to be a function of privilege and wealth, and that group music making can be a deeply successful intervention in communities that are largely excluded from many economic and social privileges.
These are the ideals of the achievement that we must find a way to transfer to the United States. We at the Longy School of Music and the Los Angeles Philharmonic, in a program called Take a Stand, ais it that we can learn from the El Sistema experience. So let me turn now to the question of the American circumstance and how it relates to El Sistema. We are fortunate that the idea that music is a democratic social activity and crucial for children, particularly in creating a sense of community and belonging, has an independent American philosophical heritage, and that heritage rests in . The most articulate heir of that tradition is the American composer Charles Ives, whose father was a bandleader. Ives was fond of saying that in a church choir, the most enthusiastic singer who could not sing in tune was, to his father, the most musical person. To correct that person in a way that dampened his or her enthusiasm for singing was to inhibit their music making. Ives felt that the activity rather than the end product was the most important part of music making. The group activities in the 19th century America in which Ives grew up associated with music (the marching bands, choruses, church choirs), performed social functions essential to developing a sense of American citizenship, of being part of a community, and of having democratic respect for your neighbor. We therefore don’t have to reach outside of our own intellectual heritage to find inspiration to adapt what El Sistema has achieved.
One majorhas a genuine problem of scale--the size and pluralism of the nation. We are a nation of immigrants, a huge, disparate population with entirely different circumstances. We are, without question, a more affluent nation, and the nature of our poverty and of our prejudices and exclusions is peculiar to us. It exists in rural America and also in urban America. It overlaps with race, but not entirely.
A second difference is that we have a highly developed and internationally competitive popular culture of our own that has, over the last 50 to 75 years, marginalized classical music. This has resulted in classical music being damaged by those who resisted its democratization; defenders who cherished their presumed superiority, snobs and connoisseurs who have tried to make music seem like a luxury or fine wine that the average person can’t afford. It has become tainted by the impression that learning it is hard and motivated by trying to make an individual look socially better and more elite. Because it has been wiped out by American enthusiasm for sports and popular culture, it has been confined to a narrow sphere of admiration by those who want to consider themselves better than popular culture; classical has therefore lost the prestige that it once carried as a relevant and shared art form somehow representative of the values and aspirations of freedom and a democratic society.
It is not news that America is in the throes of a tremendous sense of crisis about its educational system, particularly among the underserved populations. We have an embarrassingly low high school completion rate. Of the people who complete high school, what they accomplish for the number of years they spend in school is an embarrassment. Our funding of the school system is completely antiquated, and if there is a movement that has resonated with many political factions, it is for the dismantling of public education through privatization--though given how little we invest in public education, which is not considered a federal constitutional obligation in the United States, there is less to dismantle than we might wish. This is tragic. It is completely different from the Venezuelan situation, where in fact Abreu’s achievement has been to convince the state, despite regime changes, to invest in El Sistema as a national program. I defy any of you, as we stand on the so-called fiscal cliff, to persuade anybody right, left, or center to invest in music education. The person who did would be considered a candidate for a psychiatric evaluation. And that is not only because the right wing doesn’t want big government, but also because the left considers high culture to be a peripheral decoration.
The suspicion of the American left to any form of culture that is not mass entertainment indicates a problem we have, which does not seem to exist in Mexico or the Latin American countries. The problem is a peculiar American egalitarian suspicion that the arts are not vital to democracy. Most Americans will not distinguish between art and entertainment. They think that freedom of expression is absolutely and satisfactorily fulfilled by what you can see in the commercial arena: movie theaters and television. If people want to hear Beethoven and Mahler, or John Cage or John Adams, pay for it without public help. As we all know, the tickets to our concerts in this hall and to the Metropolitan Opera or any American orchestra are hardly cheap. But even given this expense, the ticket price still does not pass on the cost of this activity to the average consumer. If you actually took an orchestra concert by the New York Philharmonic and made all the seats of Avery Fisher Hall pay in full for the orchestra's expense, the price would be over a thousand dollars a seat. Even I wouldn’t pay that, and I wouldn’t expect anybody else to do so. Therefore these must be subsidized activities. Not surprisingly, the American public says, “Why should the taxpayer subsidize what you like? I’m perfectly happy listening to the music I like. Why should I have to learn about your music?” This, in a pluralist democracy, is an extremely hard argument to answer. The arts in America are hostages to the whims of the wealthy and private philanthropy.
When we actually try to transfer the insights of El Sistema to the United States, we therefore have to address these issues: funding, the prestige of the activity, the nature of the American educational system (which is not national but local), the intermittent and very complex structure of American poverty, and the essential diversity of the population. So what should we do? First, it seems to me that we actually have a tremendous advantage given the educational crisis. There is no doubt that the biological and neurological evidence increasingly makes the case that musical activity, especially collective musical activity that inspires individual discipline, is a correlative (not a cause, but a correlative) to educational achievement. This is in part because classical music in our tradition is a notated system that has logic, grammar, syntax and meaning without being a language. What’s peculiar about music is that it is coherent, it coveys meaning, and transforms the experience of time. It therefore requires the use of memory and the skill to identify and manipulate comparisons, relationships, similarities, and variations. In other words, it has a cognitive function. It also develops the ability to locate and negotiate multiple activities in the same time frame. (A simple example, of course, would be harmony and counterpoint.) There is no doubt that being able train people to do these things and to listen and observe, has correlative benefits, and that is an argument in the United States to which people are willing to listen. We are concerned about our competitiveness and about the future, and there is no doubt that one could argue that in creating a widespread system of participatory music education among young people, it would improve their schooling and their achievement and cognitive ability. Those are potential claims that could make some headway in obtaining public support.
’s’? What keeps us going? n’t have a bank teller to talk to anymore. We don’ty’re not needed to make food. They’re  The question is of course a practical one of employment and economics, as we see all around us, but it is also one of internal value and sense of the human condition.’ It’s? The arts are not an answer (the Nazis were great lovers of art), but in the right circumstances, the arts can offer a different humanist option based in respect and empathy.
But to realize this humanist view, one cannot merely be a spectator. Classical music can't be experienced like a movie in which one sits in a dark place and vicariously experiences emotion through fantastic scenarios that, once we emerge from the cinema, only serve to remind us how drab real life is. Going to most movies (except for horror movies, which are popular precisely because of the sense of relief one feels after watching people get killed, and know we are only watching a movie) offers a passive, illusory use of imagination, a further development of the vicarious experience first provided by novels and plays at the end of the 18th century. Romance genres are the worst. Offering a vision of love and relationships that can't be met in the real world foster a sense not of fulfillment but of discontent. The same thing is true of Wagner's heroes. We can identify with Lohengrin for a few hours, before we go home to do the laundry and reflect on the certainty that we will never have the chance to play a heroic role or feel the passion of Tristan and Isolde. We compare everyone we meet to movie stars until we develop the same problem that Flaubert described in Madame Bovary, in which Emma Bovary looks at her life through the lens of the romantic sentimental novels she has read, and finds terminal unhappiness.
That escapist and disheartening relation to art can be avoided by changing the spectator into the participant. Art as an activity is play: playing in a group, in a community, hearing the feedback of the audience, are all thrilling. It needn't be done with the objective of getting a job with the Berlin Philharmonic (and being told to give up playing if your teacher determines you can't get such a job), but of being a participant in the imaginative activity of a community, anywhere. That is what El Sistema has proven can be done, and can be done with positive impact for both participant individuals and the spectator community.
There’s so much from which to draw outside the standard European repertoire, that these groups can make a contribution in bringing music to life. We're not only getting a youth orchestra or an orchestra to come through the system to play Mozart, Beethoven, Mahler, Brahms, but also the treasures that other orchestras might not dare to touch that are from the classical tradition that has been neglected and from the heritage of the nucleo's community, whether it’s Mexican composers such as Chavez or Revueltas, or the Argentinian Ginastera, or in the United States the long, rich repository of repertory of American composers such as Copland, Still, Ellington, Harris and Beach.
In the organizing of this monumental project, the first step in every community is to create an alliance between the school system, the local government, the specific political and business leadership of the region, and the performing arts organizations (whether they be orchestras or choral societies), to involve the varying churches (both Protestant and Catholic) and the non-Christian religious communities. The core tenet is that this must done in a way that is collaborative and which reinforces a sense of a democratic pluralism. It also has to be defined in a way that does not slip into segregation, so we will have to find ways in which the actual constituencies of kids are not all of one neighborhood. That's relatively easy to do in the bigger cities; it’s a little more complicated in rural areas.
In conclusion, what we learn from the success of Maestro Abreu and El Sistema is that music can be made to matter. Music can be placed at the center of a nation’s social and political agenda. It can be placed at the center of a nation’s desire to recreate a fabric of patriotism and community, to give a chance to people who are excluded from proper education and opportunity to develop the skills through music that will make them competitive. It also shows that really honoring musical expression is a way of redeeming a sense of personal value and can have practical impact on the success of a generation and of a community. It's a priority, not a luxury, and the emphasis has to be on participation. El Sistems's example is an enormous encouragement, and therefore it is absolutely proper that we take a very good look at how and what is done in Venezuela, as we attempt to create in the United States versions of what they’ve achieved that will work for us. This is what we have tried to do at Longy and at Bard, in the creation of a national network through Take a Stan Our work isn't about owning a franchise or a product, but it is about paying the greatest compliment we can to El Sistema, which is to imitate and to honor its principles rather than any specific practice. Thank you very much.
We’ll take a few moments for questions, if there are any. I hate giving talks about without giving someone else a chance to speak, so I would be happy to take a few questions before we run out of time. Go ahead.
-You were going through the obstacles and the differences in American society versus in Venezuela. It makes me think that one of the biggest is the role of the individual in each of our societies. The role of the individual in our society is paramount (deified) which is, from my understanding, diametrically opposite to what El Sistema has been able to build on. So I’m thinking about all those parents who haul their kids to afterschool activities that are for their individual development, and how would we ever make the shift to afterschool activities for social development, especially since socialism is an anathema.
I think it’s a very good question. First, I can’t speak for Venezuela. I speak to the American experience. The focus on individual competitiveness and achievement is not irreconcilable with group activity, because you have to achieve in a group. An orchestra is a very peculiar instrument. It’s an instrument that could be an instrument of subordination (that is to say, everybody has to subordinate his or her artistic individuality to the conductor, and you hope the conductor is good, because if the subordination is obnoxious it breeds rage). However, the orchestra doesn’t necessarily have to be that, and that’s where the mentoring is very helpful. Much depends on the way a conductor treats an orchestra. For example, in an orchestra you have to have a sense of rhythmic cohesion and ensemble. Ensemble is not only created by hawk-like watching of the conductor, but it is formed by listening to the people around you in the acoustic space, so that the back of the orchestra plays a little early so it can line up with the front of the orchestra. In that, you have to rely on the orchestral musicians’ sense of their own ability to control the situation. So you can train an orchestra and a chorus to feel that the sum is greater than the parts but the parts are crucial. I don’t accept the notion that individual instruction is at odds with the group, especially in music, because the amount of repertoire for solo tuba is limited, and the amount of repertoire even for solo violin is limited (without accompanist), so the moment you make music you’re talking about a social activity and social communication. Second, in America the premium on the individual is hypocritical, because we have freedom and the chance to attain individuality we never use. We use it to look like our neighbor. Actually, all this talk about individuality drives me nuts, because where are truly distinctive individuals? The moment we see the individual, we ostracize her, shun him, hurl epithets and even lock him up. We don’t tolerate a sense of individuality in America (not at all). The American school is all too much about conformity. You know, when we came to this country, the school called my mother, a professor of pediatrics (they made a mistake in calling her), and said that my sister failed to join the group and they were concerned. My mother said, “What was the group doing?” And when she heard what they were doing she said, “I’m on my daughter’s side.”
So Americans use freedom actually to voluntarily suppress real dissent and individuality. I’m being overly cynical. I wouldn’t be too concerned about individuality, because I think that in the training of musicians your point is very important. The training of musicians has to involve several things. One is not only playing together in an ensemble but also finding means of personal expression, being able to write music and improvise. All classical musicians need to be trained to improvise. So the experience of being in the group, and having the same technical capacity are crucial, and that’s why teaching the reading of music and the writing of music are so important. Therefore, then, the same individual who may spend three or four hours being part of an ensemble can use those very same skills for something that is her or his own. So I think this is not a problem. And the way you sell this to the public is that, unlike some group activities, musical achievement can’t be taken away from you. In fact, that’s something you can sustain individually. One reason I never was interested in doing sports is I realized that even if I were good at it (which was implausible), I would be finished at 21. I mean, who are the tennis stars? This is a youth-related activity. But when you watch films of Artur Rubinstein or Casals going out onstage (let alone Mieczyslaw Horszowski, who gave a concert at 99), I thought, “Now, that’s worthwhile. I can amortize my youthful effort over my entire life. So it’s a much more attractive investment, if you want to put it in American terms, an investment that keeps giving.
-I’m aware of El Sistema having been replicated in, for example, Glasgow in Scotland, which is an incredibly deprived community, and where they had a considerable degree of success. My question is, have you had the opportunity to observe other examples of El Sistema being replicated with success, and what are their main points?
The questioner speaks of a replication of El Sistema in Scotland. Let me say something, which for those of you who are real El Sistema devotes may be a little bit heretical, but I’m just by nature a bit heretical, so I apologize ahead of time. I don’t know the details of the Glasgow program, but I would suggest that Scotland and Venezuela in many respects (both by scale and by the nature of the population) may have similarities that would make a direct transference more plausible. El Sistema, like all good ideas, has a history of its own that precedes it. What we are all talking about—music as a participant activity-- is something that was second natururban communities, Vienna of the 1820s or London in the mid-19th century. In this city alone (New York) there were at the turn of the century maybe 200 choral societies and hundreds of musical ensembles in the community that did exactly what El Sistema is trying to do, and that represented a tradition that got eroded by the advent of mechanical reproduction of sound. Our life was silent if we didn’t make the music ourselves. We stopped singing when you could just drop first the needle on a disc, and earlier when we had the first player pianos. The death of the piano as a consumer item was when the first rolls were introduced. So we actually mechanized our own entertainment. What you’re reviving has a human history before El Sistema, and El Sistema is just a way of organizing it so that it’s more connected to modern life and concerns. The other difference, of course, is that when music as practice is targeted at poverty or underserved populations it is undermining privilege, where in the 19th century access to real music education was a function of wealth. And that’s where the radical democratic potential exists. But you were asking, have I observed other examples? There are many examples in the world where this kind of musical activity has still sustained, primarily in choral music where traditions of choral singing (particularly church related) have passed on from generation to generation unbroken.
-You made the point that training in music adds all kinds of important skills: focus, social skills, listening, and then the transference of those to other academic aspects. You discount them to some extent by referring to them only as correlational. The question is whether we could do, or there has been done, something more akin to what one would call a closed experiment, if for no better reason than to drive a more compelling argument.
The questioner asked a very seductive question. I made the argument about the transferability, which is (in my judgment) not a matter of scholarship but a matter of intuition. I would prefer to ride a train with a musical individual than someone who’s tone deaf. It’s just intuitive. Now, it doesn’t make musical people better. Stalin was musical, and Hitler was a great music lover, and the Nazis were notoriously enthusiastic about music. So the link between music and ethics is a very tortured subject. I would like to think that musical activity has some relationship to ethical judgment (I would hope so), but I’m dissuaded from thinking that is the case. So the question is better narrowly focused on the cognitive and social skills. There have been some controlled experiments. There was a cognitive study (a long-range, longitudinal study) of the young people who were in the choir in the Thomaskirche in Leipzig. That’s the same boys’ choir from Bach’s time that is still in existence, a great boys’ choir, and they showed real correlative results. A similar finding occurred (the same longitudinal study, I think) with the Sängerknaben in Vienna, where children in a boys’ choir were followed to see how well they do in school. And there are a lot of neurologists and neuroscientists working on this. But that’s not my field. I’m a little cautious because I don't think we yet know enough about mental function. I’m reluctant to suggest a causal argument. But a social adaptation argument, which isn’t totally causal but simply experiential, seems very worthwhile. And I think there’s a lot of anecdotal evidence that can’t be dismissed. For example, Csikszentmihalyi, a tremendous social psychologist wrote a very interesting book called Flow, and he did a longitudinal study of adolescents in Chicago and showed that adult performance is correlated with the amount of time the person was able to concentrate on something without being connected to clock time. You know what happens when you practice. Rehearsal’s really boring. Time just creeps, and you think an hour has gone by but only ten minutes have gone by. The other experience is the opposite: it’s so engrossing that you wake up and you realize, “Oh my god, I’m late. An hour has passed and I just thought it was ten minutes.” So the distortion of concentration of time through the process of concentration on music is correlative to discipline. The ability to do that in adolescents is correlative to adult achievement. That’s what we musicians train people to do: to concentrate intelligently. So there is some social psychological evidence that we are on solid ground here, and because music is analogous to a language, it breeds good habits. And unlike painting, it’s social. It’s not about creating an object and someone else buying it. You have to do music in real time as we live in real time. (We have to work together in real time. We have to travel on the subway in real time. We have to do everything in real time.) Music is done in real time. It’s not about connecting to recordings. It’s about musical experience in real life and time. So there’s so much correlation (parallelism) to other facets of life and work that the argument for music is very persuasive. And what Venezuela shows is that they have real results in this way with El Sistema alumni over 40 years. There’s no reason we can’t have real results her in the US, and Lord knows, we need to have them. Thank you very much.


Should these books be taken off the market?Would doing so be a breach of free speech and expression?Or does free speech and expression come with a set of limitations and regulations to uphold?
Let us also look at this through another perspective outside of our own intentions: What would it mean to children who see books like this out in the market?Are people trying to raise a society full of lies, or as others dub "alternative facts," with books that seem too false to be true?


Home » C++ » Why isn't C++ used in Web-Development? [closed]
But when it comes to web development JavaEE is being used. Whereas C++ has little support on that?
C++ is fast.
So why it isn’t used in web development?
Oftentimes the possibly faster execution speed of C++ doesn’t matter since the bottleneck is the database and network I/O.
So the benefits from ease / speed of development, safety (really sucks when your web app core dumps), and availability of frameworks will outweigh execution speed gains for many applications.
C++ may be fast in execution speed, but Java, C#, PHP, etc are faster in time to market.
IMHO, it’s all about the tool chain. Java, Ruby, etc. have mature tool chains for web development. The tools make development faster in most cases. There are some environments for C++ but none have widespread usage. The other major reason for this is that most of the newer languages are developed for application development first and general purpose computing second.
I’d go with Karl Voigtland’s answer (though I like Dan Diplo’s too) but I wanted to add that I personally work for a company where speed is everything (in a comparable to google kind of way) and I still wouldn’t use C++ for the web-app because the performance difference would be absolutely negligible, especially compared to the I/O bottleneck and network latency which is the real problem anyway.
C++ costs you a standard, well-documented, widely used framework (whichever one that happens to be) which makes up an enormous chunk of the work you’d have to replicate, and puts you firmly into the territory of crashing your server if something goes wrong.
So much effort and so much risk for no gain whatsoever. C++ is a weapon for an older more civilised age, it’s not for the web.
I once worked on a extremely high-performance web site done in C++ with a custom framework. We weren’t using Apache–we had a domain-specific web server that could serve our special content fast and efficiently that was hand-coded in C++.
This server processed requests that came in from what was, at the time, the highest rated prime-time television show. (The host would say “log in to ……com to play along). Instantly, 100,000 or more people would be pounding the server. One ordinary PC was able to handle the load, but we had 3 running, just in case one went down, etc.
Fact is, the systems we use for Web development now are extremely wasteful. We’re trading CPU cycles for ease of maintainability.
Take a look at architectures like <URL> which are extremely fast web servers.
If you’d ever had to develop a web application in C++ you’d know why. Basically, there is nothing approaching the frameworks that .NET, Java or PHP have nor is there anything web-specific like ROR or Django.
Web development is full of people who got where they are from editing HTML, and has far fewer people who got there from C++, or C. The tendency then for most of these web developers, is to select simpler languages with garbage collection, that prioritise quick results over performance. C++ is really really not a langauge like that.
But that’s only a superficial reading. Mostly it’s about fashion.
I’m building a browser game in C++, and yes, some parts definitively suck (such as using FastCGI, which does not support multiple connections at once, unless you’re implementing your own FastCGI-Handler, CGI even worse, SCGI doesn’t support multiplexing either (but is a charm to implement) and using a custom server API isn’t portable), however, once you have the environment set up, developing isn’t that difficult.
For example, the following code prints out all cookies:
for( map<string,string>::const_iterator it=data[cookie].begin(); it!=data[cookie].end(); ++it)
cout << "" << it->first << ": " << it->second << "
\n";
Or, if you want to design web applications as you would with Qt, take a look at Wt, which reduces the pain of developing C++-Webapplications to the manual memory management.
I think the answer has more to do with history than anything else.
C++ was created for tasks like systems programming long before web development existed. Since it has long adhered to ISO standards, the language itself avoids solving specific problem domains.
As far as web development goes, C++ was steamrolled by Java and everything else that came after that had web development tools baked in.
But C++ is a tenacious little beast, due to (IMHO) its powerful combination of efficiency and elegance. You typically have to look beyond C++ into libraries when you are talking about fairly high-level functionality like web development. C++’s first-class library, boost, has low-level well-designed peer-reviewed multithreaded networking tools (boost::asio). Simple http client and server examples are already provided and will grow and stabilize.
I think C++ is on the upswing in this area, given that it started working up from last place.
UPDATE: here is an example of the strict review process before anything will be accepted into boost (in this case, rejection of a process library). And as you can imagine, the review process to actually get into the C++ standard is going to be much much higher. There is a definite intention to keep the scope of C++ (and boost) tight and rock-solid.
C++ used to be a common language for web development. At the time, however, there were few viable alternatives. Languages such as C# and Java are designed for application development instead of being general purpose, so they’re a better choice for web apps.
Some of you need to research the concept: Resource Acquisition Is Initialization. Additionally, I haven’t had a coredump writing modern C++ code in …. years? C++ is probably out of vogue because it’s designed to be a portable machine code language that compiles on many architectures. Thus, no standard networking or threading libraries, and this goes up the chain to web framework.
When the web first came out speed wasn’t a big deal. We ran the servers on Unix machines that had more than enough power to fill a 10Mb ethernet. The handfull of users were on dialup and the sites were mostly text.
So we used Perl, just because it was easy to do string manipulation, some of us even used TCL (shudder).
By the time the web took off enough to need bigger more complex systems the dynamic languages had got better and came with lots of helpful libs (especially Perl). Then business bought into Java in a big way – Sun actually managed to market something!.
There’s no reason we couldn’t have all the web features of Java / C# in C++ but the libs weren’t developed or never gained wide traction.
There was a lot of web development in C++ but it was generally in custom web servers for very high performance tasks.
I am a C++ developer who first moved to Java (Scala) and then moved partially back to C++11.
A few reasons why C++ isn’t widely used for web development:
Security: Interpreters and “managed” languages (e.g. JVM) provide a kind of protection against bugs that would result in execution of malignant code: buffer overflows, memory corruption, etc. Every large program have bugs, but in Java these bugs would only rarely lead to a cracker taking control of your site. In C++ it is too easy to make a mistake (or use a library which made mistake) that leads to the system been cracked. This “flaw” in “system” programming languages is now mitigated by availability of simple system firewalls, like AppArmor. I set an AppArmor profile for all C/C++ programs of mine and I wouldn’t have returned to C++ if such system firewalls weren’t available.
Ease of development: C++ only recently acquired automatic memory management (shared_ptr), anonymous functions, for loops, type inference, etc. The modern C++11 is a decent language but the old C++ was much harder to develop in than the alternatives.
Too much diversity: in Java there is a standard way of doing web development (Sevlets), in C++ one has to find one’s way between different libraries and frameworks by trial and error. The path to a good combination of libraries might in C++ take many years.
For one thing, the java and C# libraries/frameworks are much, much bigger than C++. “Standard” C++ has almost nothing interesting for web development. THe standard C++ library does not even have the slightest thing related to network, threading or portable file system access. I doubt C++ speed is much of a factor: java and C# are generally as fast as C++ in server settings (where you can use the full JIT capabilities of the runtimes, because starting times and co are of no concern).
Because the C++ is hard to learn.
For every type of job you need an appropriate tool. It is possible to drive a nail into a board by hitting it with a pair of pliers, but a hammer is much better suited for it.
Because Web development involves a lot of HTML. In the old days of Java, there was only Servlet and this was counterproductive. So they invented JSP.
C++ is even worse than Servlet from that viewpoint.
And in the very old days Assembly Guys did pretend C++ was lame and that using Assembly Languages was much better so your question pertains to the same kind of perspective.
because I would want to jump out the window every morning I would come to work.
Agreed that frameworks are important and solve a LOT of typical problems for you. c++ won’t have those frameworks for you. Also, you may be optimizing performance at one level but this may not lead to the most optimal solution. DB access time is, with a larger site, likely a much larger concern and one that’s most likely worth worrying more about than your application execution time.
Also, you’re talking about web development where things change quickly. c++ is not the language of choice in this field and you’d be left standing still trying to catch up with the rest of the crowd that plays well together.
Stick with the crowd, use what’s out there. Don’t optimize locally. You’re better off.
Imagine you need a site. There is two options available to you:
1. Pay x amount of money and develop a site within y amount of time using .net/java/python/ruby/ect.
2. Pay xn amount of money and develop within ym amount of time using C++ (FastCGI). Wheres n and m are 3-5+. What would you prefer?
Another reason is that is a lot easier to write subtly insecure code (buffer overruns etc) in C++ than in languages with proper bounds checking that abstract raw memory away from the developer. C++ requires a great deal more skill to use safely than the alternatives.
C++ is not very handy for web development, because the programmer has to take into account that objects are destructed properly. In languages like C# and JAVA there is no need to create destructors, because instantiated objects only live in a certain scope. So in a pratical way you could say languages like C# and JAVA are more useful for web applications than C++.


7 Keep Clients Longer February 6, 2018 by Greg Coyne in Customer Relationships?” Read more Tips For Effective Trade Show Setup January 15, 2018 by Nicholas DiMaggio in Customer Relationships: Expanding and Extending Business with Existing Clients September 27, 2017 by Sandler Brief in Customer Relationships Mario was well ahead of his monthly quota, so he was surprised when Jane, his sales manager, asked him to set a higher sales target for the quarter. During their meeting, Mario smiled and said, “I thought I’d get a gold medal after the good month I just had – not a higher target!” “You know what they say about ‘good’ being the enemy of ‘great,’” Jane answered, smiling back. “And what I’u’t.” What Do You Do? July 17, 2017 by Greg Coyne in Customer Relationships Ask customer care providers what they do and they'll list dozens of tasks from answering the phone, taking orders, building relationships, paperwork, to resolving issues and problems. These are certainly, critical aspects of any customer care positions. But if we boil the job down to its bare essentials, one definition I've always preferred is "Professional Communicator.” Communication 101 For Salespeople: Know When To Ask A Question June 19, 2017 by Sandler Brief in Customer Relationships: Read more Client-Centric Satisfaction April 25,. I Need More Time February 1, 2017 by GWA Blog in Customer Relationships. Read more Trouble Generating Referrals? Look to Your Inner Circle August 3, 2016 by Sandler Brief in Customer Relationships?”.” Six Tips For Effective Listening December 14, 2015 by GWA Blog: 5 Customer Care Skills Every Employee Should Have November 30, -0001 by Greg Coyne in Customer Relationships  Read more


Direct download links to Vikings season 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 complete episodes including the last episodes!
Popular TV show by with original title first aired on . All episodes of Vikings season 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 can be downloaded free without torrents.
The series “Vikings” tells about the life of the famous Ragnar Lodbrock. The honest fighter sincerely tried to direct the forces of his brothers to the conquests of the western territories off the coast of England, but the leader of the Vikings, Yarl Haraldson, was inexorable. He again led the soldiers who were loyal to him to the east along the already known trails. Then Ragnar had to assemble a small detachment of adherents of his views, who built a reliable fast ship.
A successful campaign brought a lot of riches, but did not improve the relationship between the yarl and Ragnar. Haraldson fears that Lodbroke will try to take his place, because the authority of the latter in the people is growing. People praise Ragnar for his courage, and then the visionary tells the jarl that a talented general can overthrow him. Their confrontation turns into a victory for the impudent, young Viking. Now Ragnar leads an entire army of mighty warriors.
Despite the doubts of his people, he is intent on continuing his wanderings. Thanks to a new friend, Catholic Ethelston, the protagonist learns about Paris, London and other European cities. He intends to capture each of them, but does not take his wife to Lagerta on a trip. In distant lands, Ragnar gets an affair with Aslaug, not suspecting that she will become pregnant.
The great warrior has to take her as his second wife, with which the legal wife of Lagerta categorically disagrees. She leaves her husband, taking with her Bjorn. Many years later, the matured heir will become a reliable support for the valiant parent. And Lagerta herself, after marrying the detractor of the former beloved Sigvard and killing him, helps Lodbrook become the king of Denmark.
A few years later, the numerous Scandinavian troops decided on a desperate campaign against the inaccessible lands of France. Paris – the goal of the victorious Varangian. The siege of the city lasted a lot of time, both sides suffered significant losses. However, even the march to freedom-loving France for Ragnar became victorious. The sly plan of the famous leader contributed to the seizure of Paris. During negotiations with the Franks, he expressed the desire to accept the enemy’s faith.
Vikings increasingly notice the changes in their yarl. Ragnar, who used to praise Odin, now speaks more and more like a European, and now he intends to accept another’s faith. Realizing that everything that is happening is the work of Etelstan, Floki, one of the faithful companions of Ragnar. Prepares a plan for revenge. Clouds thicken over the main character, but his business to conquer the world can always continue children.


A group of cyclists will take on the ultimate challenge, in aid of charities that mean so much to them and in memory of 11-year-old James Moore who passed away recently.
The 'Mayo Ultra-Cyclists' isfor charity every year.  in the process h. More recent cycles have beenAlan Heaney is one of the cyclists taking part and he joined Anna and Dec on Pumped Up Kicks to tell them about what it will be like to take on such a challenge! All will be ok apparently as long as the tea bags are remembered!
Listen back to the full chat with Alan by clicking the play button below!


...a'..Case Study Consultant: Charles B....
...prevented. It is not a communicable disease, but yet it is one which threatens a huge portion of the population. The purpose of this discussion is to approach the issue of heart disease from an epidemiological standpoint in order to analyze how data relating to the topic may be used in a healthcare setting with regards to decision making concerning limited healthcare resources. When saying that heart diseases is not communicable, it is meant that it is not like a bacterial or viral infection which is transferred from host to host or in an airborne manner. It is however, a disease which is more likely to occur in those who have a...
...RUNNING HEAD Study Designs Epidemiologic Study Designs here here July 3, 2009 Epidemiologic Study Designs This paper tackles three epidemiological study designs: case-control study, cohort study and three study designs were discussed together with their main strength(s) and limitation(s). The most appropriate measure(s) of association for each study design was/were also identified. Case Control Study Characteristics of a case-control study In a case control study, selection of research subjects is based on whether or not the research subjects have the condition (or disease) under study. The term case...
...Characterization and Analysis of Risks – Risk Communication Risk assessment is integral to any framework which does govern the overall security of anorganization and inherent underlying activity. Within the paradigm of risk perception and terrorism (Clinton, 2006), risk assessment seeks to identify the though process and the activity that will damage normal operations. R.ested?The..


Every measure of success in life stems from having successful relationships.
Of course, appropriate communication is best. With babies, the Waldorf camp says to speak in rhyme and song, as they are nurtured by the sound and rhythm, not the words themselves. Warmth and truth are key components to communicating with anyone, God included. While a little sugar coating can go a long way, being false gets us nowhere.
I do not fully agree with the clichhy? Because I believe it is always best to err on the side of communication.
If you are running behind on something at work or there is a glitch in a plan, write a note to the affected party, or better yet give them a call. This breeds trust, and it shows you care.
If you have a beef with your partner, TALK about it. Even if they do not like hashing things out, as long as your intent is to maintain harmony, they will appreciate it in the long run. It shows you care.
Ask questions. Of your colleagues, your kids, your mate, your friends, strangers, God. Listen to what they have to say. This helps you learn and grow, and it shows you care.
Write. Talk about your feelings with yourself. Keep a journal, or try a technique like Natalie Goldberg’s “Writing Down the Bones.”
We all go through bumps in the road. Daily. For me, whatever area of life seems to be bumpiest has to do with how much, how clearly, and how warmly I have expressed myself and how present I have been in the listening.


"...the Houston Press. He has authored several books on Texas cooking and has won James Beard Foundation Journalism Awards...."
"...the big guy in chef’s whites behind the video-camera’d cooking line, “that can’t be Maffei. That’s gotta be, like,..."
"...The culinary aspects of the Texas Book Festival evolve from year to year, with Texas..."
"...Ivins: A Memoir With Recipesby Ellen Sweets University of Texas Press, 272 pp., $29.95..."
"...nearby Waterloo Park. After his appearance in the new cooking demo tent, he'll be welcomed at the judges table...."
"...years in business this year by staying busy and cooking the classics...."
"...but claiming they don't miss the meat with her cooking. "It's just down-home cooking, without the meat," Dawson said...."
"...artisanal sausage company, and has had features in Fine Cooking, Bon Appétit, Food & Wine, Cooking Light, and Real..."
"...April 25-27 with a full line up of interactive cooking demos, informative and educational seminars, tasting tents with food,..."
"...e the last place you would..."
"...10 miles due east of the official residence of o..."
"...Roger Mooking and a Cooking Channel production crew spent a couple of weeks in.. be a..."
"...There's no better time than Christmas to give Texas to a friend. This year's cookbook output from talented..."
"...would s..."
"...of cookbook authors can best be described as a Texas foodie's dream team. Well-respected Austin and Houston chefs Jesse..."
"...fussy. us;..."
Has Winning 'Top Chef' Changed Paul Qui?
"...food person in Austin who didn't watch Top Chef: Texas on Bravo last winter to root for hometown hero..."
"...position at the cusp of urban Austin and the Texas Hill Country...."
"...stuffings of the revised edition of The Joy of Cooking cookbook. He single-handedly started the revolution in artisan sausages..."
"...yea..."
"...man who currently operates Kenny & Ziggy’s in Houston, Texas. A classically trained chef, Gruber is a graduate of..."
"...on Southern and Louisiana cuisines, African-American and soul food, Texas cooking and authors, and of course, baking and desserts,..."
"...has a unique flair for adapting the recipes and cooking techniques of highly trained chefs and interpreting them for..."
"...by Jesse Griffiths; photos by Jody..."


ThWell, in the Sugerman family, all the apples fall very close to their roots!
Federation's CFO summed up her experience with the Sugerman grandchildren as, "We are simply in awe when that philanthropic spirit shines within individuals and families like this. It is so powerful and highlights the best side of human nature." Irwine continued, "We could hear in their voices the generosity that filled their hearts when remembering and embracing their parents' legacy. It was an opportunity for them to collaborate and materially formalize their parents' dreams to develop future San Antonio Jewish leaders."


This process lead to a system of time containing eons, eras, periods, and epochs all determined by their position in the rock record.For example, rocks of the Phanerozoic eon are found on top of rocks from the Proterozoic eons therefore rocks of the Phanerozoic are younger than rocks of the Proterozoic.
This process requires much more sophisticated chemical analysis and, although other processes have been developed, often utilizes the decay rates of radioactive isotopes to determine the age of a given material.Prior to 1905 the best and most accepted age of the Earth was that proposed by Lord Kelvin based on the amount of time necessary for the Earth to cool to its present temperature from a completely liquid state.Although we now recognize lots of problems with that calculation, the age of 25 my was accepted by most physicists, but considered too short by most geologists. Recognition that radioactive decay of atoms occurs in the Earth was important in two respects: Principles of Radiometric Dating Radioactive decay is described in terms of the probability that a constituent particle of the nucleus of an atom will escape through the potential (Energy) barrier which bonds them to the nucleus.U leakage would cause discordant points to plot above the cocordia. Lunar rocks also lie on the Geochron, at least suggesting that the moon formed at the same time as meteorites. Pb separated from continents and thus from average crust also plots on the Geochron, and thus suggests that the Earth formed at the same time as the meteorites and moon.But, again, exptrapolation of the discordia back to the two points where it intersects the Concordia, would give two ages - t* representing the possible metamorphic event and t and solve for t . This argument tells when the elements were formed that make up the Earth, but does not really give us the age of the Earth. Thus, our best estimate of the age of the Earth is 4.55 billion years.
One thought on “what type of rock is used for radiometric dating”
Essen leute kennenlernen says:
' Buffy' at 20: How a Vampire-Slaying Feminist Teen Changed TV Forever Two decades ago, Joss Whedon took a campy premise and turned it into a female-empowerment epic – and paved the way for Peak TV "20 years ago today, I had the greatest privilege to bring Buffy to your TV screens for the first time," the actress wrote. First the movie, then a passed over pilot presentation, and eventually a mid season time slot on a little known network.


Grammy Award-winning band America set to perform at Loeb Stadium on June 30
LAFAYETTE, Ind. — The band America will be the first national touring act to perform at Loeb Stadium.
Lafayette Mayor Tony Roswarski announced Wednesday that the Grammy Award-winning band America will be performing at Loeb Stadium on June 30.
“This has been a dream of ours, as you know, Loeb Stadium was built to be a multi-use facility and that’s really what's working out,” said Roswarski.
America is perhaps best known for major hits such as "A Horse with No Name" and "Ventura Highway." The band was nominated for two Grammys in 1973aking home the award for Best New Artist.
Formed in Englandk -- who left the band in 1977 and died in 2011 -- America released their debut album on Capitol in 1971, which hit No.1 in the United States. Bunnell and Peek continue as band lead singers and songwriters.
Tickets will go on sale on Friday at 10 a.m. on the Long Center for the Performing Arts website, longpac.org, or at the box office.
Ticket prices will range from $29, $49 to $69.
People could start pre-ordering tickets Wednesday at 2 p.m., if they use the promo code LOEBon the website.
The total capacity of the concert will be around 2,500.
The concert will start at 7:30 p.m., but the gates will open at 6 p.m.
Local Musician LD Miller will be performing a 30-minute opening act. America is set to perform a 90-minute set.
The concert is promoted by Long Center and Honeywell Arts & Entertainment, as well as the sponsorships from Old National Bank, who presented the event, and Indiana University Health.


Don’t want to donate online? We accept checks!.
A copy of the Companylogging on to the Division’s website www.800helpfla.com).
SUPPORT DELRAY SCHOOLS TODAY!


More and more memories. I could fill books with them. Of course people already have. I remember most of the rest now from when I read the true books. But now it was as if those memories are all first hand. The winning of the Lopanic Games. All the intimate moments he has had. The slow shift in his worldview. That was very interesting to me. I could tell he used to think like I do. But his experiences have jaded him. All these events, everything he experienced with CrIsis, they have changed him. Will it change me too?


Who has rights to home sale in a separation?
If a couple going through a divorce are co-owners of their home, both will have to agree to list it for sale. (Bill Sikes / AP)
Q
 And your wife should do the same, with a different attorney. You need to enter into a separation agreement, that will spell out what obligations you may have regarding the house, any children and any financial issues.
Have you been making contributions for the upkeep of the house, such asand repairs? That will be an important issue if and when the house is put up for sale. Your wife will properly be able to claim reimbursement for at least half of the expenses (going back at least three years) if you have not made any payments.
Right now, if I understand correctly, you and your wife are co-owners of the house. This means both of you will have to agree to list it for sale. If your wife wants to sell, and you do not, she can try to force a sale by filing a partition suit in your local county or city court.
But partition is expensive, time consuming and the only winners are the attorneys and the speculators who buy. That is why you both need to resolve all of these issues with a written separation agreement.
Ifboss.
Note the word "exclusive." If the room you use for business is also used for watching football or as a play area for the kids, then you cannot claim the deduction.
How exclusive does the room have to be? The Tax Court was faced with a taxpayer who lived in a 700-square-foot studio apartment where — by necessity — there was minimal personal use of an area designated as the "office area." The court reversed the IRS' decision denying the deduction. The small amount of personal use was "" (Miller v Commissioner, TC Summary Opinion 2014-74).
Once you are satisfied you meet the requirements, how do you calculate the deduction. There are two ways: 1) you must determine the actual expenses, and base thatYou have to complete IRS Form 8829, which has 43 line items to complete. 2) As of Jan. 1, 2013, the IRS adopted the "simplified option." According to the IRS commissioner, the first way was a burden on small businesses "by an estimated 1 million hours annually." The new option allows a deduction of up to $1500 a year, For more information, search "Simplified Option Home Office" online.
Q: Can a mortgage lender make you pay a fee to close the escrow account? Is it legal for the lender to increase your mortgage after deducing money for escrow?
A. I am always happy to answer mortgage lender questions. But there is a better place to go, ande your complaint on their website, and the bureau sends it directly to your lender. From my experience, you should get a prompt response. Go to www.consumerfinance.gov.
I don't like escrow accounts. The lenders like it because they get lots of money — interest free in most states — which they can invest until its time to pay your real estate tax and your home insurance premium. I have had many cases over the years where the lender failed to pay the tax and my clients first learned about it when they received notice that the government was about to sell the house at a tax sale.
If you pay off the loan, the escrow will be closed and the lender will refund any balance in the account. Typically, a lender will charge a small fee for processing the required release documentation, so there should be no extra fee for closing the escrow account. However, if you are able to convince a lender there is so much equity in your house that you no longer need to escrow, then I think it is appropriate for the lender to charge a small fee to close the account.
Can the lender increase your mortgage? Yes, if you are delinquent in your monthly payments and the lender was paying the real estate tax and your insurance. Those amounts can legitimately be added to your mortgage balance. This will be authorized in the deed of trust (or mortgage) document you signed when you first obtained the loan.
One issue always comes up when the real estate tax is increased. Your tax escrow is based on the amount of the annual tax and insurance that is paid. Clearly, if the lender now has to pay more, that amount will be passed on to you in higher monthly payments. However, the lender has an obligation to give you a clear, concise explanation, and you have an obligation to carefully review it to confirm it is correct. Again, from experience, there are mistakes.
Q: I am experiencing the exact situation you wrote about recently. I purchased my house in November 2011, and paid the back payments for one association. Almost 4 four years later, in May 2015, I received a bill from a different association stating I had not paid the mandatory association fees for those four years. What? I was shocked! This association was not disclosed at closing, and I had no idea there were two associations. I also purchased this house through HUD. I am not sure what to do. Who is now responsible to pay for all these 4 four years of unpaid dues, and who pays for these dues going forward? Is it my closing attorney, the title insurance or me? Who can I sue?
A: Check with a local ypically, it is three years. You may be able avoid paying any amount that goes beyond that period of time.
I doubt you can sue HUD. I would suggest you immediately file a claim with the title company that issued you a title insurance policy. You may also want to talk with the closing attorney. If he represented you, then he should have reviewed the title report before you went to closing and disclosed the existence of the two associations.
However, if the second association did not record anything on land records, then you may not have to pay any back assessments.
Going forward is a different situation. If the second association is legal, then you will have to pay current and future assessments. Would you have purchased your home had you known there were two associations? I suspect the answer is yes.
Guide explains how to turn a house into a lifelong o has rights in sale of home in a separation?e


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Merriam-Webster defines "tradition" as "an inherited, established, or customary pattern of thought, action, or behavior". Typically a tradition is passed down from one generation to the next, but it can also simply be something that is repeated over time.
Even the most basic tradition can help to elicit a sense of security, belonging, and fond memories. Those were my intentions when I created Christmas traditions for my three children.
Currently, the majority of our Christmas traditions are centered around travel. Curious about how other families celebrate, I asked some of my closest friends to share their Christmas traditions with us. They've shared some from their childhoods, and some that they do today. All together I've compiled 15+ Great Ideas for Christmas Traditions to help give you some inspiration to create your own. I genuinely hope this inspires you to keep traditions for yourself and your family.
The post “15+ Great Ideas for Christmas Traditions” may contain affiliate links. That means if you click and buy, I may receive a small commission (at no cost to you). All opinions are my own and no products were received in exchange for my opinions. Click here to see details of my full disclosure policy.
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This one is too easy. The MOST common Christmas Tradition is getting a Christmas Tree. Your Christmas tradition might have something to do with when you put up your tree, like the day after Thanksgiving for some people. It might be about when you take down your tree, like maybe on New Years Day. It could be the type of decorations you use for your tree.
For us, one of our traditions was that we ALWAYS got a real Christmas tree. I tried to get a fake tree once a few years ago, but my children INSISTED that we couldn't because it was "our tradition" to get a real tree. They were right. I never had a fake tree as a child and neither would they.
Picking out our tree in 2020
When I was a kid my parents would buy chestnuts at Christmas time and we would eat roasted chestnuts late at night. I've done this with my children a number of times. It's not because we love roasted chestnuts. (Honestly they can be dry and not THAT exciting, but as an adult I've found that they are perfect with some wine.)
The truth is that I just love the memory of eating them as a kid. It was always fun to watch my dad open them and wonder how he could possibly touch those hot chestnuts like that! My dad was born in Italy where they sell chestnuts on the street. When I took my children to Rome we HAD to give the street chestnuts a try! At Christmas time when we are home we roast them in the oven.
* For a recipe for oven roasted chestnuts that you can make at home click HERE. *
This is my FAVORITE out of the 15+ Great Ideas for Christmas Traditions. I started this when my children were very little. First, I simply bought cheap red bows from the dollar store and I put them into a bowl. Then, every time I would catch one of my children doing something kind for someone else I would tell them that they could put one of the kindness bows on the tree.
I just wanted to find ways to help them focus on OTHERS during a season that commercially inundates you with focusing on things YOU want. On Christmas day you can all sit back and look at the tree that is FILLED with acts of kindness. It's heart warming!🥰
* You can click HERE for small bows just like the ones I use on our tree. *
Most people enjoy eating Christmas baked goods! My mother always made Christmas cookie trays as gifts. We each had our favorite cookie that we looked forward to her making every year.
As they got older, my children liked to make some sort of baked goods as gifts. They have made cookies, fudge, mason jar gifts, and candid nuts (which are SUPER easy to make). Pinterest is an EXCELLENT resource for these recipes and gift ideas.
* Here are a few of my Pinterest boards and recipes that we use to make Christmas food gifts. *
These were Ninjabread Man Cookies we made one year for fun.
If you have children then you know they have a REALLY hard time waiting to open presents. On Christmas Eve it's not unusual for them to beg to open "just ONE" gift. I did it as a child too.
This started a tradition in our home. Every Christmas Eve I let them each open one gift. That gift is always going to be pajamas. (At some point it turned into matching pajamas.) Since they are excited about the new pajamas, they will want to wear them right away and then you will have picture perfect outfits ready for Christmas morning photos. (Kinda tricky and kinda genius, I know!)
This is when the tradition started.
6) Candlelight Church Service on Christmas Eve
Ever since I was young I have gone to a Christmas Eve church service. My children have enjoyed carrying on this tradition with me. During the service we all get a candle and the person at the end of the isle has their candle lit first. Then they use their candle to light the person's candle next to them. This continues until the entire sanctuary is filled with lit candles and singing. It's a tradition that is special to my children and me. Even is we are traveling on Christmas Eve we still find a local church so we can go to the candlelight service.
7) Christmas Tree Ornaments
Every year I buy a Christmas ornament for each of my children. Sometimes it's just completely random and fun, and other times it's related to a theme for one of their Christmas presents.
For example, one year one of their gifts was a trip to Great Wolf Lodge Water Park. So... one of the ornaments that year was Santa who was all ready to go to the beach. Usually I let them open their ornaments on Christmas Eve too.
8) Operation Christmas Child
Operations Christmas Child is run by an organization called Samaritan's Purse. This is an international relief organization that collects shoeboxes filled with small toys, hygiene items, and school supplies and then distributes them to children in need. The children who receive these shoeboxes have been affected by war, famine, poverty, or some natural disaster.
My children always enjoyed shopping for their "Christmas Child" and filling the shoebox for them. It was one of the ways that I tried to help them focus on others, instead of just thinking about what they wanted at Christmas. This year I was able to purchase and fill our shoebox virtually. It really was just as fun to do it online as it is to shop and fill it in person.
* If you would like information on how to get involved with Operation Christmas Child click HERE. This year you can even fill a shoebox online.*
9) Travel for Christmas
As my children have gotten older, they have less of a desire to receive "things" for Christmas. Since my middle son, Maverick, has joined the Air Force we have started a new family tradition of taking a trip at Christmas time so we can all be together. This is our only family vacation that we take each year, and we all enjoy the gift of making memories together. The trip is my gift to them, so I scale back the presents to just filling a stocking for each of them. You can't put a price tag on lifetime memories.
Up until now we have taken our Christmas trips within the United States. I'm hoping to start seeing how other countries celebrate Christmas too.
Christmas in Nashville, Tennessee
*TIP: When I travel I use either Booking.com or Agoda to book my flights and hotel. They are companies that I know and trust. If you are planning a trip, click the links below so you can receive the same excellent service that I have come to count on.
10) Chinese and Movies
Since we travel at Christmas we don't have a traditional Christmas dinner. We are so grateful that Chinese restaurants are open on Christmas day, because it's the only place we can eat when we are traveling.
We also know that the movie theaters are open on Christmas Day, so if we are out of town then the movies are our "go to" activity!
11) Seeing Christmas Lights
I asked some of my closest friends to tell me about traditions that have been meaningful to them. My friend, Andrene, said that when she was a child she would drive around Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania and look at the Christmas Lights. This year we took our daughters to go and see the lights in the Lehigh Valley. You're never too old to enjoy Christmas lights!
12) Creating Christmas Crafts
Some years I have created Christmas cards. Recently my friends and I made Christmas cards to send to people who are in the active military. It's fun to make the crafts together and it helps to remind our service men and women that we appreciate their service.
My friend Andrene started a new tradition this year of creating Christmas ornaments with her children. The cool thing about her tradition is that one day when the children are grown and they have their own home, they will each have some childhood ornaments to start out with.
* If you would like more information on sending Christmas cards to our men and women in the active military click HERE! The link is for the Facebook group Operation Birthday Hug, but the form for joining the Christmas list is in this group as well. *
Sometimes a Christmas decoration is part of the Christmas tradition. You might remember me previously mentioning my friend Susanne who I went to Virginia Beach with this past year. When I asked her about her childhood traditions she told me that her father would set up a very elaborate train display under their Christmas tree each year. Her father passed away when she was a teenager, but she holds this childhood tradition as a fond memory. Don't underestimate the impact that a tradition you create can have on people you love. 🚂
My favorite Christmas decorations are the ornaments that I collect when I travel. I started collecting them in 2015 when I went to Paris. Now I have ornaments from ALL over and it is my FAVORITE part about decorating for Christmas. I'm hoping that my children will continue this tradition as they to travel. One day they will have Christmas trees filled with ornaments from all over the world.
14) The Magic of Christmas
My childhood best friend, Danielle, is the BEST at creating Christmas magic for her children! She has always gone to great lengths to help her children believe in Santa. Danielle has special wrapping paper for the gifts from Santa. She even goes so far as to create Santa's "snowy footprints" in front of her fireplace. (I think she uses baking four.)
She also participated in all the fun with the Elf on the Shelf. I never heard of the Elf when my children were young. I've seen many of my friends on Facebook get REALLY creative with their elves. Children seem to LOVE all the fun that their mischievous elves get into. They've come out with different outfits and even pets for the elves. You can select a boy or a girl elf and you even have options for eye color and skin tone.
* Click HERE to purchase your Elf on the Shelf. *
I mentioned my dear friends, Monica and Mark, in my post about the Historic Triangle in Virginia. When they first met, sixteen years ago, Mark bought Monica a snowman knickknack. He has been buying her a snowman every year ever since. ☃
Mark doesn't give them to her on Christmas Day. He gives her the snowmen randomly, sometimes when he feels like she could really use some cheering up. Occasionally the snowman is related to a theme, like the cowboy one from their trip to Montana. She proudly displays her snowmen all winter long, as they remind her of the number of years they have been together.
Holiday traditions don't have to be elaborate or complicated! One of my amazing longtime friends, Abbey, has 4 children. Her Christmas traditions are centered around the food that her family eats on Christmas Day. Since they eat very healthy the majority of the time, on Christmas morning each of her children get to pick out a "fun" cereal for breakfast. They pick things like Fruity Pebbles, Captain Crunch, Cocoa Puffs, and Cinnamon Toast Crunch. Their Christmas starts with the children each eating their desired cereal.
Abbey's husband works for the military and he travels frequently. She is quite busy with 4 children and she does a lot of volunteer work so she tries to make the Christmas meal as stress free as possible. Abbey makes hors d'oeuvres for everyone to pick at whenever they want to. That way she doesn't have the pressure of preparing a big special holiday meal. Her goal is to keep the day low key at home so they can focus on the true meaning of Christmas together as a family.
17) Yearly Ornament Traditions
My friend, Michelle, has a tradition that she has held for FIFTY-FIVE YEARS! It's probably the longest tradition of anyone that I know. Since she was a child each year she got an ornament. The ornaments have her name and the year on them. It started when she was a child and she has kept up the tradition after she was grown. When she met her husband Allen, she started him on the tradition as well. They have been together for 18 years so he has 18 ornaments of his own. She has a beautiful tree that is FILLED with their special ornaments from a lifetime of collecting.
Now it’s time for YOU to create a Christmas Tradition!
I have shared 15+ Great Ideas for Christmas Traditions with you, and as you can see it’s really easy to start something new. It doesn’t have to be elaborate, expensive, or complicated. The goal is to create special memories for you and your family. It’s never too late to create something special.
If you liked 15+ Great Ideas for Christmas Traditions, you might also like New Year’s Eve Traditions from Around the World.
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July 2nd. In the post last week we showed you the city of Lisbon in a different way: through its viewpoints. But we want to show you Portugal in the same way that we did, and in the second part of our trip, which we will share here, we visited some of the most impressive …
June 25th. Every Sunday we show you lovely corners and discoveries that eme de moca has been photographing in every place visited. But what if we see a city with another perspective, from the heights of its hills?Today we want to present with special illusioone …


and embrace all that you are?
Healing takes place with understanding and processing your story and then finding your unique gift. Exploring what you have learned from life lessons and what the hidden gifts are can lead to finding your purpose. Imagine chipping away blocks to progress. Be curious. Discover and polish up your authentic self. </s> Couple of Ice crystals on my windows. Thanks to the recent cold spell.
Thank you Brian, yes they make some very beautiful patterns. </s> Holiday cottages in Ireland are the gateway to a fantastic experience filled with stunning scenery, wonderful heritage and a delightfully relaxing ambience that is unique to the ‘Emerald Isle’. There really is no place like it to enjoy a break. And if you’re contemplating a holiday you may like a few suggestions for some of the best things to see and do. So take a look at our guide below for some holiday inspiration!
Ireland’s landscape is justly celebrated for its wealth of treasures, both natural and man-mad. This circular 180. If you fancy an active exploration of the beautiful scenery then we’d recommend a hike along the Kerry Way. This walking trail is normally completed in nine days, but there are plenty of scenic stretches to stroll along. If you fancy something a little livelier than few visits to Ireland are complete without a visit to its many great cities, and Dublin is undoubtedly the biggest draw. Ireland’s capital offers wonderful shopping, fantastic heritage (the Guiness Storehouse!), beautiful architecture and an enticing, relaxed atmosphere.unspoilt beauty and unrivalled tranquillity then we can’t recommend the Aran Islands highly enough. Located a short distance from the shores of Galway, these three stunning islands offer a beautiful window to the past. Explore medieval ruins and gaze at beautiful rolling vistas while you enjoy the uniquely relaxed rural ambience. There are few better ways to create fantastic holiday memories!
If you’re ready to begin an exploration take a look at our holiday cottages in Ireland today. </s> In SanfnfanfordnfordnfordNicaraguan highlands are known for some of the world’s best coffee planta
This is where our main focus is on: we want you to interact with the people we work with on the farm and learn from their way of doing, help out where possible with what you like to do. Discover nearby towns and see how you can connect to people and your own fields of interest there. We won’t push you into anything you don’t like to do,rself in a different light and under a different sun.
What is your strength and what do you want to share? We’re open to your suggestions and ideas.
Because of our focus on integration in the culture we also ask volunteers to spend at least a minimum of three weeks.


I spend a good deal of time looking at Amazon numbers for my preorders.
But sometimes what means the most to me is the accidental sale. The effortless marketing that happens completely by chance.
“Mama, my friend is going to see an author at the bookstore. I told her that you were an author, too, but you write for grownups.”
“Mmm-hmm.” I’m thinking there’s going to be major lost interest by my daughter’s friend as soon as she realizes I don’t write YA or children’s books.
“What’s the name of your book again? The new book?”
How are you building up a platform (either pre-publication or post?) What types of marketing are you more comfortable with?


Herewith what I first found!
The Mysterious Secret Society of Ancient India
NB; apologies we had some problems with comments to posts; all 'moderation' settings have now been looked at again, and every member should be able to comment to ANY post without a delay in the comment appearing from now on (this was the setting I tried put it on but messed up obviously first time!).
Only members (obviously) can comment; no moderation; direct to page.


Piotr Turecki and Marcin Turecki are building a great looking game about the beauty of light.
The development started way before Unreal Engine 4 was free, so Piotr Turecki decided to build his own custom engine to power the project. He definitely succeeded. Archaica looks absolutely amazing. Yet, if he’d start doing this today, he’d go with UE4.
The whole development of the project was well-documented and published on TIGsource. It’s a beautiful title and we can’t wait to play it in 2017.


n appointme• email us at info@wollicreekphysio.com.au
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Last Edited on 30/05/2018