Instruction:
Debug this n8n workflow. It has the following issue:
Error Type: Timeout Configuration

Please analyze the workflow JSON and explain:
1. What is wrong
2. Why it's causing problems
3. How to fix it

Workflow JSON:
{
  "meta": {
    "instanceId": "cd478e616d2616186f4f92b70cfe0c2ed95b5b209f749f2b873b38bdc56c47c9"
  },
  "nodes": [
    {
      "id": "f4b1bdd8-654d-4643-a004-ff1b2f32b5ae",
      "name": "When clicking \u2018Test workflow\u2019",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.manualTrigger",
      "position": [
        580,
        1100
      ],
      "parameters": {},
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "d6b1c410-81c3-486d-bdcb-86a4c6f7bf9e",
      "name": "Create Asset",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.httpRequest",
      "position": [
        1940,
        580
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "url": "https://pdf-services.adobe.io/assets",
        "method": "POST",
        "options": {
          "redirect": {
            "redirect": {}
          }
        },
        "sendBody": true,
        "sendHeaders": true,
        "authentication": "genericCredentialType",
        "bodyParameters": {
          "parameters": [
            {
              "name": "mediaType",
              "value": "application/pdf"
            }
          ]
        },
        "genericAuthType": "httpHeaderAuth",
        "headerParameters": {
          "parameters": [
            {
              "name": "Authorization",
              "value": "=Bearer {{ $json.access_token }}"
            }
          ]
        }
      },
      "credentials": {
        "httpHeaderAuth": {
          "id": "PU8GmSwXswwM1Fzq",
          "name": "Adobe API calls"
        }
      },
      "typeVersion": 4.1
    },
    {
      "id": "9e900a45-d792-4dc5-938c-0d5cdfd2e647",
      "name": "Execute Workflow Trigger",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.executeWorkflowTrigger",
      "position": [
        1140,
        440
      ],
      "parameters": {},
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "859f369d-f36f-4c3f-a50d-a17214fef2a3",
      "name": "Sticky Note",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.stickyNote",
      "position": [
        20,
        140
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "color": 5,
        "width": 667....

Output:
This workflow may experience timeout issues with long-running API requests.

**Symptoms**:
- Execution hangs indefinitely
- Connection timeout errors
- ETIMEDOUT or ESOCKETTIMEDOUT errors

**Root Cause**: No timeout configured for HTTP requests, or external services are slow.

**Solutions**:

1. **Set Appropriate Timeouts**:
```json
"options": {
  "timeout": 30000  // 30 seconds
}
```

2. **Add Error Handling**:
- Use Error Trigger node to catch timeout errors
- Implement fallback logic for failed requests

3. **Use Async Patterns**:
- For long operations, use webhook callbacks
- Implement polling patterns instead of waiting

4. **Configure Node Settings**:
```json
"retryOnFail": true,
"maxTries": 3,
"waitBetweenTries": 2000,
"continueOnFail": true
```

**Best Practice**: Set reasonable timeouts (10-30 seconds) and always have error handling for external API calls.


Instruction:
Debug this n8n workflow. It has the following issue:
Error Type: Disconnected Node

Please analyze the workflow JSON and explain:
1. What is wrong
2. Why it's causing problems
3. How to fix it

Workflow JSON:
{
  "id": "6FSx5OMVxp8Ldg8A",
  "meta": {
    "instanceId": "fb924c73af8f703905bc09c9ee8076f48c17b596ed05b18c0ff86915ef8a7c4a"
  },
  "name": "Prepare CSV files with GPT-4",
  "tags": [],
  "nodes": [
    {
      "id": "5b43e57d-1fe1-4ea6-bf3d-661f7e5fc4b0",
      "name": "When clicking \"Execute Workflow\"",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.manualTrigger",
      "position": [
        960,
        240
      ],
      "parameters": {},
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "291466e8-1592-4080-a675-5e9f486d0d05",
      "name": "OpenAI",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.openAi",
      "position": [
        1160,
        240
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "model": "gpt-4",
        "prompt": {
          "messages": [
            {
              "content": "=please create a list of 10 random users. Return back ONLY a JSON array. Character names of famous fiction characters. Make Names and Surnames start with the same letter. Name and Surname can be from different characters. If subscribed is false then make date_subscribed empty. If date_subscribed is not empty then make it random and no later then 2023-10-01. Make JSON in a single line, avoid line breaks. Here's an example: [{\"user_name\": \"Jack Jones\", \"user_email\":\"jackjo@yahoo.com\",\"subscribed\": true, \"date_subscribed\":\"2023-10-01\" },{\"user_name\": \"Martin Moor\", \"user_email\":\"mmoor@gmail.com\",\"subscribed\": false, \"date_subscribed\":\"\" }]"
            }
          ]
        },
        "options": {
          "n": 3,
          "maxTokens": 2500,
          "temperature": 1
        },
        "resource": "chat"
      },
      "credentials": {
        "openAiApi": {
          "id": "63",
          "name": "OpenAi account"
        }
      },
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "edd5bed7-a8a1-4298-b026-3b0061c5064a",
      "name": "Split In Batches",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.splitInBatches",
      "position": [
        1340,
        240
      ],
      "parameters": {
      ...

Output:
The workflow has a broken data flow. The node 'Make JSON Table' is not connected to any subsequent nodes.

**Root Cause**: The connections object is missing the output connections for 'Make JSON Table'.

**Impact**: Data from 'Make JSON Table' will not flow to any downstream nodes, effectively stopping the workflow at this point.

**Solution**:
1. Open the workflow in the n8n editor
2. Draw a connection from 'Make JSON Table' to the next node in the flow
3. Verify the connection appears in the connections object

**Programmatic Fix**: Add the connection back to the workflow JSON:
```json
"connections": {
  "Make JSON Table": {
    "main": [[{"node": "NextNode", "type": "main", "index": 0}]]
  }
}
```

Reconnect 'Make JSON Table' to the workflow.


Instruction:
Debug this n8n workflow. It has the following issue:
Error Type: Disconnected Node

Please analyze the workflow JSON and explain:
1. What is wrong
2. Why it's causing problems
3. How to fix it

Workflow JSON:
{
  "meta": {
    "instanceId": "2f9460831fcdb0e9a4494f0630367cfe2968282072e2d27c6ee6ab0a4c165a36"
  },
  "nodes": [
    {
      "id": "ff4e8706-09a0-4bf1-86c1-dfb65f55ccb3",
      "name": "Google Drive Trigger",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.googleDriveTrigger",
      "position": [
        20,
        -140
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "event": "fileCreated",
        "options": {},
        "pollTimes": {
          "item": [
            {
              "mode": "everyMinute"
            }
          ]
        },
        "triggerOn": "specificFolder",
        "folderToWatch": {
          "__rl": true,
          "mode": "list",
          "value": "1-hRMnBRYgY6iVJ_youKMyPz83k9GAVYu",
          "cachedResultUrl": "https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1-hRMnBRYgY6iVJ_youKMyPz83k9GAVYu",
          "cachedResultName": "nnnnnnnnnnn8n"
        }
      },
      "credentials": {
        "googleDriveOAuth2Api": {
          "id": "PlyNQuMqlwn9SuLb",
          "name": "Google Drive account"
        }
      },
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "340fb03b-3b8a-4eb4-ad4c-b0ba12b72b19",
      "name": "Google Drive",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.googleDrive",
      "position": [
        260,
        -140
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "fileId": {
          "__rl": true,
          "mode": "id",
          "value": "={{ $json.id }}"
        },
        "options": {
          "binaryPropertyName": "data"
        },
        "operation": "download"
      },
      "credentials": {
        "googleDriveOAuth2Api": {
          "id": "PlyNQuMqlwn9SuLb",
          "name": "Google Drive account"
        }
      },
      "typeVersion": 3
    },
    {
      "id": "4a5d037f-0103-4645-87d0-785dfdfb80d1",
      "name": "Extract from File",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.extractFromFile",
      "position": [
        260,
        60
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "options": {}
      },
      "typeVersion": 1,
      "alwaysOutputData": false
    },
    {
      "id": "3...

Output:
The workflow has a broken data flow. The node 'Remove PII columns' is not connected to any subsequent nodes.

**Root Cause**: The connections object is missing the output connections for 'Remove PII columns'.

**Impact**: Data from 'Remove PII columns' will not flow to any downstream nodes, effectively stopping the workflow at this point.

**Solution**:
1. Open the workflow in the n8n editor
2. Draw a connection from 'Remove PII columns' to the next node in the flow
3. Verify the connection appears in the connections object

**Programmatic Fix**: Add the connection back to the workflow JSON:
```json
"connections": {
  "Remove PII columns": {
    "main": [[{"node": "NextNode", "type": "main", "index": 0}]]
  }
}
```

Reconnect 'Remove PII columns' to the workflow.


Instruction:
Debug this n8n workflow. It has the following issue:
Error Type: Missing Credentials

Please analyze the workflow JSON and explain:
1. What is wrong
2. Why it's causing problems
3. How to fix it

Workflow JSON:
{
  "id": "TWcBOEMLFs7e6KjP",
  "meta": {
    "instanceId": "c95a2bbed4422e86c4fa3e73b42c7571c9c1b1107f8abf6b7e8c8144a55fa53c"
  },
  "name": "Whisper Transkription copy",
  "tags": [],
  "nodes": [
    {
      "id": "4bb98287-b0fc-4b34-8cf0-f0870cf313e6",
      "name": "Google Drive Trigger",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.googleDriveTrigger",
      "position": [
        1340,
        560
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "event": "fileCreated",
        "options": {},
        "pollTimes": {
          "item": [
            {
              "mode": "everyMinute"
            }
          ]
        },
        "triggerOn": "specificFolder",
        "folderToWatch": {
          "__rl": true,
          "mode": "list",
          "value": "182i8n7kpsac79jf04WLYC4BV8W7E_w4E",
          "cachedResultUrl": "",
          "cachedResultName": "Recordings"
        }
      },
      "credentials": {
        "googleDriveOAuth2Api": {
          "id": "LtLwYGZCoaOB8E9U",
          "name": "Google Drive account"
        }
      },
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "29cb5298-7ac5-420d-8c03-a6881c94a6a5",
      "name": "Google Drive",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.googleDrive",
      "position": [
        1580,
        560
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "fileId": {
          "__rl": true,
          "mode": "id",
          "value": "={{ $json.id }}"
        },
        "options": {
          "fileName": "={{ $json.originalFilename }}",
          "binaryPropertyName": "data"
        },
        "operation": "download"
      },
      "credentials": {
        "googleDriveOAuth2Api": {
          "id": "LtLwYGZCoaOB8E9U",
          "name": "Google Drive account"
        }
      },
      "typeVersion": 3
    },
    {
      "id": "45dbc4b3-ca47-4d88-8a32-030f2c3ce135",
      "name": "Notion",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.notion",
      "position": [
        2420,
        560
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "title": "={{ JSON.parse($json.message.content).audioContentS...

Output:
The node 'Notion' (type: n8n-nodes-base.notion) requires credentials but the 'credentials' configuration is missing.

**Root Cause**: The credentials object was not defined for this node.

**Solution**: Add the credentials configuration back to the node:
```json
"credentials": {
  "notionApi": {
    "id": "08otOcEFX7w46Izd",
    "name": "Notion account"
  }
}
```

**Best Practice**: Always verify credentials are properly configured before deploying workflows. Use n8n's credential management system to store sensitive data securely.

Add credentials configuration to the 'Notion' node.


Instruction:
Debug this n8n workflow. It has the following issue:
Error Type: Data Type Mismatch

Please analyze the workflow JSON and explain:
1. What is wrong
2. Why it's causing problems
3. How to fix it

Workflow JSON:
{
  "meta": {
    "instanceId": "408f9fb9940c3cb18ffdef0e0150fe342d6e655c3a9fac21f0f644e8bedabcd9"
  },
  "nodes": [
    {
      "id": "490493d1-e9ac-458a-ac9e-a86048ce6169",
      "name": "When clicking \u2018Test workflow\u2019",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.manualTrigger",
      "position": [
        -700,
        260
      ],
      "parameters": {},
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "116f1137-632f-4021-ad0f-cf59ed1776fd",
      "name": "Google Gemini Chat Model",
      "type": "@n8n/n8n-nodes-langchain.lmChatGoogleGemini",
      "position": [
        980,
        440
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "options": {},
        "modelName": "models/gemini-1.5-pro-latest"
      },
      "credentials": {
        "googlePalmApi": {
          "id": "dSxo6ns5wn658r8N",
          "name": "Google Gemini(PaLM) Api account"
        }
      },
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "44695b4f-702c-4230-9ec3-e37447fed38e",
      "name": "Sort Pages",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.sort",
      "position": [
        400,
        320
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "options": {},
        "sortFieldsUi": {
          "sortField": [
            {
              "fieldName": "fileName"
            }
          ]
        }
      },
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "f2575b2c-0808-464e-b982-1eed8e0d9df7",
      "name": "Sticky Note",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.stickyNote",
      "position": [
        -1280,
        0
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "width": 437.0502325581392,
        "height": 430.522325581395,
        "content": "## Try Me Out!\n\n### This workflow converts a bank statement to markdown, faithfully capturing the details using the power of Vision Language Models (\"VLMs\"). The resulting markdown can then be parsed again by your standard LLM to extract data such as identifying all deposit table rows in the document.\n\nThis workflow is able to handle both downloaded PDFs as well as scanned PDFs. Be sure to protect ...

Output:
The node 'Sticky Note6' has a data type mismatch in its parameters.

**Issue**: A field expected a number but received a string value.

**Common Causes**:
1. Expression returns string instead of number
2. JSON parsing preserves string types for numeric values
3. Upstream node outputs different data types than expected

**Solutions**:

1. **Type Conversion in Expression**:
```javascript
// Convert string to number
{ parseInt($json.stringValue) }
{ parseFloat($json.decimalString) }
{ Number($json.value) }
```

2. **Use Code Node for Transformation**:
```javascript
return items.map(item => {
  item.json.numericField = Number(item.json.stringField);
  return item;
});
```

3. **Validate Data Types**:
- Use IF node to check types before processing
- Add error handling for invalid types

**Best Practice**: Always validate and transform data types explicitly when passing data between nodes.

Fix data type conversion in 'Sticky Note6'.


Instruction:
Debug this n8n workflow. It has the following issue:
Error Type: Missing Credentials

Please analyze the workflow JSON and explain:
1. What is wrong
2. Why it's causing problems
3. How to fix it

Workflow JSON:
{
  "id": "Xk0W98z9DVrNHeku",
  "meta": {
    "instanceId": "b9faf72fe0d7c3be94b3ebff0778790b50b135c336412d28fd4fca2cbbf8d1f5",
    "templateCredsSetupCompleted": true
  },
  "name": "AI-Powered Information Monitoring with OpenAI, Google Sheets, Jina AI and Slack",
  "tags": [],
  "nodes": [
    {
      "id": "704de862-43e5-4322-ae35-45b505e68bb6",
      "name": "OpenAI Chat Model",
      "type": "@n8n/n8n-nodes-langchain.lmChatOpenAi",
      "position": [
        4220,
        380
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "options": {}
      },
      "credentials": {
        "openAiApi": {
          "id": "",
          "name": "OpenAi Connection"
        }
      },
      "typeVersion": 1.1
    },
    {
      "id": "eaae54b0-0500-47a7-ad8f-097e0882d21c",
      "name": "Basic LLM Chain",
      "type": "@n8n/n8n-nodes-langchain.chainLlm",
      "position": [
        4180,
        -120
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "text": "={{ $json.data }}",
        "messages": {
          "messageValues": [
            {
              "message": "=You are an AI assistant responsible for summarizing articles **in English** and formatting them into Slack-compatible messages. \nYour job is to create a clear and concise summary following the guidelines below and format it in Slack-specific Markdown format. \n\n---\n\n## 1. Title with Link \n\n- Format the article title as a **clickable link** using Slack's Markdown syntax: \n `<URL|*Title of the article*>`. \n- The title should be clear and engaging to encourage readers to click. \n\n---\n\n## 2. Section Headings \n\n- Use **bold text** to introduce different sections of the summary by wrapping the text with `*` symbols. \n- Ensure headings are descriptive and guide the reader through the content effectively. \n\n---\n\n## 3. Key Points \n\n- Present key insights using **bullet points**, using the `\u2022` symbol for listing important information. \n- Each point should be concise, informative, and directly related to the article's...

Output:
The node 'Google Sheets - Add relevant article' (type: n8n-nodes-base.googleSheets) requires credentials but the 'credentials' configuration is missing.

**Root Cause**: The credentials object was not defined for this node.

**Solution**: Add the credentials configuration back to the node:
```json
"credentials": {
  "googleApi": {
    "id": "",
    "name": "Google Sheets account"
  }
}
```

**Best Practice**: Always verify credentials are properly configured before deploying workflows. Use n8n's credential management system to store sensitive data securely.

Add credentials configuration to the 'Google Sheets - Add relevant article' node.


Instruction:
Debug this n8n workflow. It has the following issue:
Error Type: Empty Input Handling

Please analyze the workflow JSON and explain:
1. What is wrong
2. Why it's causing problems
3. How to fix it

Workflow JSON:
{
  "meta": {
    "instanceId": "84ba6d895254e080ac2b4916d987aa66b000f88d4d919a6b9c76848f9b8a7616",
    "templateId": "2370"
  },
  "nodes": [
    {
      "id": "2ce91ec6-0a8c-438a-8a18-216001c9ee07",
      "name": "Sticky Note",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.stickyNote",
      "position": [
        380,
        240
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "width": 407.6388140161723,
        "height": 490.24769122000794,
        "content": "## This is a POST Webhook endpoint\n\nMake sure to configure this webhook using a https:// wraper and dont use the default http://localhost:5678 as that will not be recognized by your slack webhook\n\n\nOnce the data has been sent to your webhook, the next step will be passing it via an AI Agent to process data based on the queries we pass to our agent.\n\nTo have some sort of a memory, be sure to set the slack token to the memory node. This way you can refer to other chats from the history.\n\nThe final message is relayed back to slack as a new message. Since we can not wait longer than 3000 ms for slack response, we will create anew message with reference to the input we passed.\n\nWe can advance this using the tools or data sources for it to be more custom tailored for your company.\n"
      },
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "7a0c84a8-90ef-4de8-b120-700c94c35a51",
      "name": "Sticky Note2",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.stickyNote",
      "position": [
        1180,
        560
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "color": 4,
        "width": 221.73584905660368,
        "height": 233,
        "content": "### Conversation history is stored in memory using the body token as the chatsession id"
      },
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "9b843e0e-42a6-4125-8c59-a7d5620a15f7",
      "name": "Sticky Note3",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.stickyNote",
      "position": [
        942.5229110512129,
        560
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "color": 4,
        "width": 217.47708894878716,
    ...

Output:
This workflow may fail when receiving empty or null input data.

**Common Error Messages**:
- "Cannot read property 'x' of undefined"
- "No items to process"
- "Input data is empty"

**Root Cause**: The workflow doesn't handle cases where:
- Trigger receives no data
- Previous node returns empty array
- API returns null or empty response

**Solutions**:

1. **Add IF Node for Empty Check**:
```json
{
  "parameters": {
    "conditions": {
      "number": [{
        "value1": "={{ $json.length }}",
        "operation": "larger",
        "value2": 0
      }]
    }
  },
  "name": "Check Not Empty",
  "type": "n8n-nodes-base.if"
}
```

2. **Use Default Values**:
```javascript
{{ $json.field ?? "default_value" }}
{{ $json.items || [] }}
```

3. **Add Set Node with Defaults**:
- Create a Set node that provides default values
- Place it early in the workflow

4. **Implement No Match Output**:
- Many nodes have "No Match" outputs
- Use these to handle empty cases gracefully

**Best Practice**: Always validate input data and provide sensible defaults for optional fields.

Add validation for empty or null input data.


Instruction:
Debug this n8n workflow. It has the following issue:
Error Type: Expression Reference Error

Please analyze the workflow JSON and explain:
1. What is wrong
2. Why it's causing problems
3. How to fix it

Workflow JSON:
{
  "meta": {
    "instanceId": "26ba763460b97c249b82942b23b6384876dfeb9327513332e743c5f6219c2b8e"
  },
  "nodes": [
    {
      "id": "2b3112a9-046e-4aae-8fcc-95bddf3bb02e",
      "name": "Slack",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.slack",
      "position": [
        828,
        327
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "limit": 10,
        "query": "in:#n8n-tickets has::ticket:",
        "options": {},
        "operation": "search"
      },
      "credentials": {
        "slackApi": {
          "id": "VfK3js0YdqBdQLGP",
          "name": "Slack account"
        }
      },
      "typeVersion": 2.2
    },
    {
      "id": "65fd6821-4d19-436c-81d9-9bdb0f5efddd",
      "name": "OpenAI Chat Model",
      "type": "@n8n/n8n-nodes-langchain.lmChatOpenAi",
      "position": [
        1920,
        480
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "options": {}
      },
      "credentials": {
        "openAiApi": {
          "id": "8gccIjcuf3gvaoEr",
          "name": "OpenAi account"
        }
      },
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "85125704-7363-40de-af84-f267f8c7e919",
      "name": "Structured Output Parser",
      "type": "@n8n/n8n-nodes-langchain.outputParserStructured",
      "position": [
        2100,
        480
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "jsonSchema": "={{ $items[999].json.value }}"
      },
      "typeVersion": 1.1
    },
    {
      "id": "eda8851a-1929-4f2f-9149-627c0fe62fbc",
      "name": "Schedule Trigger",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.scheduleTrigger",
      "position": [
        628,
        327
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "rule": {
          "interval": [
            {
              "field": "minutes"
            }
          ]
        }
      },
      "typeVersion": 1.2
    },
    {
      "id": "ad0d56b5-5caf-4fc0-bdbb-4e6207e4eb03",
      "name": "Sticky Note",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.stickyNote",
      "position": [
        580,
        112.87898199907983
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "color": 7,
        ...

Output:
In node 'Structured Output Parser', the parameter 'jsonSchema' contains an expression that references undefined data.

**Faulty Expression**: `={{ $items[999].json.value }}`
**Original Value**: `{
 "type": "object",
 "properties": {
 "title": { "type": "string" },
 "summary": { "type": "string" },
 "ideas": {
 "type": "array",
 "items": { "type": "string" }
 },
 "priority": { "type": "string" }
 }
}`

**Root Cause**: The expression references a field, node, or variable that doesn't exist in the data flow.

**Debugging Steps**:
1. Check the output of previous nodes to verify available fields
2. Use the Expression Editor to test expressions interactively
3. Add a Set node before this one to inspect available data
4. Use optional chaining for potentially undefined fields: `$json.field?.subfield`

**Best Practice**: Always validate data availability before using expressions.

Fix the expression in 'Structured Output Parser' parameter 'jsonSchema'.


Instruction:
Debug this n8n workflow. It has the following issue:
Error Type: Rate Limiting Risk

Please analyze the workflow JSON and explain:
1. What is wrong
2. Why it's causing problems
3. How to fix it

Workflow JSON:
{
  "meta": {
    "instanceId": "03e9d14e9196363fe7191ce21dc0bb17387a6e755dcc9acc4f5904752919dca8"
  },
  "nodes": [
    {
      "id": "adfda9cb-1d77-4c54-b3ea-e7bf438a48af",
      "name": "Parse Webhook",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.set",
      "position": [
        760,
        640
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "options": {},
        "assignments": {
          "assignments": [
            {
              "id": "e63f9299-a19d-4ba1-93b0-59f458769fb2",
              "name": "response",
              "type": "object",
              "value": "={{ $json.body.payload }}"
            }
          ]
        }
      },
      "typeVersion": 3.3
    },
    {
      "id": "b3e0e490-18e0-44b5-a960-0fdbf8422515",
      "name": "Qualys Create Report",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.executeWorkflow",
      "position": [
        1720,
        1740
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "options": {},
        "workflowId": "icSLX102kSS9zNdK"
      },
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "80ae074b-bda5-4638-b46f-246a1b9530ae",
      "name": "Required Report Variables",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.set",
      "position": [
        1520,
        1740
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "options": {},
        "assignments": {
          "assignments": [
            {
              "id": "47cd1502-3039-4661-a6b1-e20a74056550",
              "name": "report_title",
              "type": "string",
              "value": "={{ $json.response.view.state.values.report_title.report_title_input.value }}"
            },
            {
              "id": "6a8a0cbf-bf3e-4702-956e-a35966d8b9c5",
              "name": "base_url",
              "type": "string",
              "value": "https://qualysapi.qg3.apps.qualys.com"
            },
            {
              "id": "9a15f4db-f006-4ad8-a2c0-4002dd3e2655",
              "name": "output_format",
              "type": "string",
              "value": "={{ $json.response.view.state.values.output_format.output_format_select.sel...

Output:
This workflow may encounter rate limiting issues when processing large batches of data.

**Common Rate Limit Errors**:
- HTTP 429 Too Many Requests
- HTTP 503 Service Unavailable
- API-specific rate limit messages

**Root Cause**: The workflow makes too many API requests in a short time period without delays.

**Solutions**:

1. **Add Wait Nodes**: Insert a Wait node between API calls
```json
{
  "parameters": {"amount": 1, "unit": "seconds"},
  "name": "Rate Limit Delay",
  "type": "n8n-nodes-base.wait"
}
```

2. **Enable Retry on Fail**:
```json
"retryOnFail": true,
"maxTries": 3,
"waitBetweenTries": 5000
```

3. **Use Batch Processing**: Split items into smaller batches with delays

4. **Implement Exponential Backoff**: Increase wait times with each retry

**Best Practice**: Always check API documentation for rate limits and implement appropriate throttling.

Add rate limiting protection with Wait nodes and retry logic.


Instruction:
Debug this n8n workflow. It has the following issue:
Error Type: Empty Input Handling

Please analyze the workflow JSON and explain:
1. What is wrong
2. Why it's causing problems
3. How to fix it

Workflow JSON:
{
  "id": "",
  "meta": {
    "instanceId": "",
    "templateCredsSetupCompleted": true
  },
  "name": "piepdrive-test",
  "tags": [],
  "nodes": [
    {
      "id": "b2838678-c796-4c99-a3da-a2cd1b42ea97",
      "name": "Pipedrive Trigger - An Organization is created",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.pipedriveTrigger",
      "position": [
        820,
        380
      ],
      "webhookId": "f5de09a8-6601-4ad5-8bc8-9b3f4b83e997",
      "parameters": {
        "action": "added",
        "object": "organization"
      },
      "credentials": {
        "pipedriveApi": {
          "id": "",
          "name": "Pipedrive Connection"
        }
      },
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "5aa05d79-b2fa-4040-b4ca-cad83adf2798",
      "name": "Sticky Note",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.stickyNote",
      "position": [
        -20,
        120
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "width": 656.3637637842876,
        "height": 1455.9537026322007,
        "content": "# Enrich Pipedrive's Organization Data with GPT-4o When an Organization is Created in Pipedrive\n\nThis workflow **enriches a Pipedrive organization's data by adding a note to the organization object in Pipedrive**. It assumes there is a custom \"website\" field in your Pipedrive setup, as data will be scraped from this website to generate a note using OpenAI.\n\n## \u26a0\ufe0f Disclaimer\n**These workflows use a scraping API. Before using it, ensure you comply with the regulations regarding web scraping in your country or state**.\n\n## Important Notes\n- The OpenAI model used is GPT-4o, chosen for its large input token context capacity. However, it is also **the most expensive option**, you should take cost into consideration.\n\n- The system prompt in the OpenAI Node generates output with relevant information, but feel free to improve or **modify it according to your needs**.\n\n## **How It Works**\n\n### Node 1: `Pipedrive Trigger - An Organization is Created`\nThis is the trigger of the workflow. ...

Output:
This workflow may fail when receiving empty or null input data.

**Common Error Messages**:
- "Cannot read property 'x' of undefined"
- "No items to process"
- "Input data is empty"

**Root Cause**: The workflow doesn't handle cases where:
- Trigger receives no data
- Previous node returns empty array
- API returns null or empty response

**Solutions**:

1. **Add IF Node for Empty Check**:
```json
{
  "parameters": {
    "conditions": {
      "number": [{
        "value1": "={{ $json.length }}",
        "operation": "larger",
        "value2": 0
      }]
    }
  },
  "name": "Check Not Empty",
  "type": "n8n-nodes-base.if"
}
```

2. **Use Default Values**:
```javascript
{{ $json.field ?? "default_value" }}
{{ $json.items || [] }}
```

3. **Add Set Node with Defaults**:
- Create a Set node that provides default values
- Place it early in the workflow

4. **Implement No Match Output**:
- Many nodes have "No Match" outputs
- Use these to handle empty cases gracefully

**Best Practice**: Always validate input data and provide sensible defaults for optional fields.


Instruction:
Debug this n8n workflow. It has the following issue:
Error Type: Disconnected Node

Please analyze the workflow JSON and explain:
1. What is wrong
2. Why it's causing problems
3. How to fix it

Workflow JSON:
{
  "meta": {
    "instanceId": "cb484ba7b742928a2048bf8829668bed5b5ad9787579adea888f05980292a4a7"
  },
  "nodes": [
    {
      "id": "96ef3bfe-a493-4377-b090-6b2d02d87480",
      "name": "Verify Webhook",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.respondToWebhook",
      "position": [
        1420,
        800
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "options": {
          "responseCode": 200,
          "responseHeaders": {
            "entries": [
              {
                "name": "Content-type",
                "value": "application/json"
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        "respondWith": "json",
        "responseBody": "={\"challenge\":\"{{ $json.body.challenge }}\"}"
      },
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "38db6da6-13bf-47a1-b5cb-f06403b309ac",
      "name": "OpenAI Chat Model",
      "type": "@n8n/n8n-nodes-langchain.lmChatOpenAi",
      "position": [
        2120,
        1220
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "model": "gpt-4o",
        "options": {}
      },
      "credentials": {
        "openAiApi": {
          "id": "QpFZ2EiM3WGl6Zr3",
          "name": "Marketing OpenAI"
        }
      },
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "139b606d-29ae-480d-bde7-458ef45dba01",
      "name": "No Operation, do nothing",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.noOp",
      "position": [
        1840,
        700
      ],
      "parameters": {},
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "64acd4c6-cd53-46e5-a29e-40884044b186",
      "name": "Window Buffer Memory",
      "type": "@n8n/n8n-nodes-langchain.memoryBufferWindow",
      "position": [
        2800,
        1220
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "sessionKey": "={{ $('Receive DMs').item.json[\"body\"][\"event\"][\"channel\"] }}",
        "sessionIdType": "customKey",
        "contextWindowLength": 10
      },
      "typeVersion": 1.2
    },
    {
      "id": "e605864f-198e-4358-8333-50ed962d4e50",
      "name": "Check if Bot",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.if",
...

Output:
The workflow has a broken data flow. The node 'Call Confluence Workflow Tool' is not connected to any subsequent nodes.

**Root Cause**: The connections object is missing the output connections for 'Call Confluence Workflow Tool'.

**Impact**: Data from 'Call Confluence Workflow Tool' will not flow to any downstream nodes, effectively stopping the workflow at this point.

**Solution**:
1. Open the workflow in the n8n editor
2. Draw a connection from 'Call Confluence Workflow Tool' to the next node in the flow
3. Verify the connection appears in the connections object

**Programmatic Fix**: Add the connection back to the workflow JSON:
```json
"connections": {
  "Call Confluence Workflow Tool": {
    "main": [[{"node": "NextNode", "type": "main", "index": 0}]]
  }
}
```

Reconnect 'Call Confluence Workflow Tool' to the workflow.


Instruction:
Debug this n8n workflow. It has the following issue:
Error Type: Rate Limiting Risk

Please analyze the workflow JSON and explain:
1. What is wrong
2. Why it's causing problems
3. How to fix it

Workflow JSON:
{
  "nodes": [
    {
      "id": "82fd6023-2cc3-416e-83b7-fda24d07d77a",
      "name": "Issues to List",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.splitOut",
      "position": [
        40,
        -100
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "options": {},
        "fieldToSplitOut": "data.issues.nodes"
      },
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "9cc77786-e14f-47c6-a3cf-60c2830612e6",
      "name": "OpenAI Chat Model",
      "type": "@n8n/n8n-nodes-langchain.lmChatOpenAi",
      "position": [
        360,
        80
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "options": {}
      },
      "credentials": {
        "openAiApi": {
          "id": "8gccIjcuf3gvaoEr",
          "name": "OpenAi account"
        }
      },
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "821d4a60-81a4-4915-9c13-3d978cc0114b",
      "name": "Combine Sentiment Analysis",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.set",
      "position": [
        700,
        -80
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "mode": "raw",
        "options": {},
        "jsonOutput": "={{\n{\n ...$('Issues to List').item.json,\n ...$json.output\n}\n}}"
      },
      "typeVersion": 3.4
    },
    {
      "id": "fe6560f6-2e1b-4442-a2af-bd5a1623f213",
      "name": "Sentiment over Issue Comments",
      "type": "@n8n/n8n-nodes-langchain.informationExtractor",
      "position": [
        360,
        -80
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "text": "={{\n$json.comments.nodes.map(node => [\n `${node.user.displayName} commented on ${node.createdAt}:`,\n node.body\n].join('\\n')).join('---\\n')\n}}",
        "options": {},
        "attributes": {
          "attributes": [
            {
              "name": "sentiment",
              "required": true,
              "description": "One of positive, negative or neutral"
            },
            {
              "name": "sentimentSummary",
              "description": "Describe the sentiment of the conversation"
            }
          ]
        }
      },
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
  ...

Output:
This workflow may encounter rate limiting issues when processing large batches of data.

**Common Rate Limit Errors**:
- HTTP 429 Too Many Requests
- HTTP 503 Service Unavailable
- API-specific rate limit messages

**Root Cause**: The workflow makes too many API requests in a short time period without delays.

**Solutions**:

1. **Add Wait Nodes**: Insert a Wait node between API calls
```json
{
  "parameters": {"amount": 1, "unit": "seconds"},
  "name": "Rate Limit Delay",
  "type": "n8n-nodes-base.wait"
}
```

2. **Enable Retry on Fail**:
```json
"retryOnFail": true,
"maxTries": 3,
"waitBetweenTries": 5000
```

3. **Use Batch Processing**: Split items into smaller batches with delays

4. **Implement Exponential Backoff**: Increase wait times with each retry

**Best Practice**: Always check API documentation for rate limits and implement appropriate throttling.


Instruction:
Debug this n8n workflow. It has the following issue:
Error Type: Disconnected Node

Please analyze the workflow JSON and explain:
1. What is wrong
2. Why it's causing problems
3. How to fix it

Workflow JSON:
{
  "id": "U8EOTtZvmZPMYc6m",
  "meta": {
    "instanceId": "fb924c73af8f703905bc09c9ee8076f48c17b596ed05b18c0ff86915ef8a7c4a",
    "templateCredsSetupCompleted": true
  },
  "name": "Agentic Telegram AI bot with LangChain nodes and new tools",
  "tags": [],
  "nodes": [
    {
      "id": "13b3488e-af72-4d89-bef4-e9b895e3bf76",
      "name": "OpenAI Chat Model",
      "type": "@n8n/n8n-nodes-langchain.lmChatOpenAi",
      "position": [
        1640,
        580
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "model": "gpt-4o",
        "options": {
          "temperature": 0.7,
          "frequencyPenalty": 0.2
        }
      },
      "credentials": {
        "openAiApi": {
          "id": "rveqdSfp7pCRON1T",
          "name": "Ted's Tech Talks OpenAi"
        }
      },
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "864937a1-43f6-4055-bdea-61ab07db9903",
      "name": "Window Buffer Memory",
      "type": "@n8n/n8n-nodes-langchain.memoryBufferWindow",
      "position": [
        1760,
        580
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "sessionKey": "=chat_with_{{ $('Listen for incoming events').first().json.message.chat.id }}",
        "contextWindowLength": 10
      },
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "4ef838d4-feaa-4bd3-b2c7-ccd938be4373",
      "name": "Listen for incoming events",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.telegramTrigger",
      "position": [
        1580,
        360
      ],
      "webhookId": "322dce18-f93e-4f86-b9b1-3305519b7834",
      "parameters": {
        "updates": [
          "*"
        ],
        "additionalFields": {}
      },
      "credentials": {
        "telegramApi": {
          "id": "9dexJXnlVPA6wt8K",
          "name": "Chat & Sound"
        }
      },
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "fed51c41-2846-4a1a-a5f5-ce121ee7fe88",
      "name": "Sticky Note",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.stickyNote",
      "position": [
        1460,
        180
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "color": 7,
        "width": 926.3...

Output:
The workflow has a broken data flow. The node 'Listen for incoming events' is not connected to any subsequent nodes.

**Root Cause**: The connections object is missing the output connections for 'Listen for incoming events'.

**Impact**: Data from 'Listen for incoming events' will not flow to any downstream nodes, effectively stopping the workflow at this point.

**Solution**:
1. Open the workflow in the n8n editor
2. Draw a connection from 'Listen for incoming events' to the next node in the flow
3. Verify the connection appears in the connections object

**Programmatic Fix**: Add the connection back to the workflow JSON:
```json
"connections": {
  "Listen for incoming events": {
    "main": [[{"node": "NextNode", "type": "main", "index": 0}]]
  }
}
```

Reconnect 'Listen for incoming events' to the workflow.


Instruction:
Debug this n8n workflow. It has the following issue:
Error Type: Missing Credentials

Please analyze the workflow JSON and explain:
1. What is wrong
2. Why it's causing problems
3. How to fix it

Workflow JSON:
{
  "meta": {
    "instanceId": "84ba6d895254e080ac2b4916d987aa66b000f88d4d919a6b9c76848f9b8a7616",
    "templateId": "2234"
  },
  "nodes": [
    {
      "id": "e0f68f60-f036-4103-a9fc-d6cb80b6f8a2",
      "name": "OpenAI Chat Model",
      "type": "@n8n/n8n-nodes-langchain.lmChatOpenAi",
      "position": [
        1980,
        1100
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "model": "gpt-4-turbo",
        "options": {}
      },
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "23779dea-c21d-42da-b493-09394bc64436",
      "name": "OpenAI Chat Model1",
      "type": "@n8n/n8n-nodes-langchain.lmChatOpenAi",
      "position": [
        2420,
        660
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "model": "gpt-4-turbo",
        "options": {}
      },
      "credentials": {
        "openAiApi": {
          "id": "kDo5LhPmHS2WQE0b",
          "name": "OpenAi account"
        }
      },
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "af59863e-12c5-414c-bf64-dd6712e3aa7b",
      "name": "Schedule Trigger",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.scheduleTrigger",
      "position": [
        1680,
        960
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "rule": {
          "interval": [
            {
              "field": "hours",
              "hoursInterval": 12
            }
          ]
        }
      },
      "typeVersion": 1.1
    },
    {
      "id": "bc2ad02b-72c9-4132-96e8-b64487f589f7",
      "name": "Recursive Character Text Splitter",
      "type": "@n8n/n8n-nodes-langchain.textSplitterRecursiveCharacterTextSplitter",
      "position": [
        2160,
        1140
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "options": {},
        "chunkSize": 500,
        "chunkOverlap": 300
      },
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "cb11a8bb-bdca-43cb-a586-7f93471d58f7",
      "name": "OpenAI Chat Model2",
      "type": "@n8n/n8n-nodes-langchain.lmChatOpenAi",
      "position": [
        2420,
        1300
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "options": {}
      },
      "credentials": ...

Output:
The node 'OpenAI Chat Model' (type: @n8n/n8n-nodes-langchain.lmChatOpenAi) requires credentials but the 'credentials' configuration is missing.

**Root Cause**: The credentials object was not defined for this node.

**Solution**: Add the credentials configuration back to the node:
```json
"credentials": {
  "openAiApi": {
    "id": "kDo5LhPmHS2WQE0b",
    "name": "OpenAi account"
  }
}
```

**Best Practice**: Always verify credentials are properly configured before deploying workflows. Use n8n's credential management system to store sensitive data securely.

Add credentials configuration to the 'OpenAI Chat Model' node.


Instruction:
Debug this n8n workflow. It has the following issue:
Error Type: Rate Limiting Risk

Please analyze the workflow JSON and explain:
1. What is wrong
2. Why it's causing problems
3. How to fix it

Workflow JSON:
{
  "meta": {
    "instanceId": "84ba6d895254e080ac2b4916d987aa66b000f88d4d919a6b9c76848f9b8a7616",
    "templateId": "2233"
  },
  "nodes": [
    {
      "id": "757a7e67-073a-4fa1-b571-2ddd147b35f6",
      "name": "OpenAI Chat Model",
      "type": "@n8n/n8n-nodes-langchain.lmChatOpenAi",
      "position": [
        1000,
        1240
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "model": "gpt-3.5-turbo-16k-0613",
        "options": {}
      },
      "credentials": {
        "openAiApi": {
          "id": "kDo5LhPmHS2WQE0b",
          "name": "OpenAi account"
        }
      },
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "761ed83a-2cfb-474a-b596-922e5a7e2717",
      "name": "Schedule Trigger",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.scheduleTrigger",
      "position": [
        660,
        1060
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "rule": {
          "interval": [
            {
              "field": "hours",
              "hoursInterval": 12
            }
          ]
        }
      },
      "typeVersion": 1.1
    },
    {
      "id": "41faf334-30d6-4cc0-9a94-9c486ec3fa6c",
      "name": "OpenAI Chat Model2",
      "type": "@n8n/n8n-nodes-langchain.lmChatOpenAi",
      "position": [
        1520,
        1420
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "options": {}
      },
      "credentials": {
        "openAiApi": {
          "id": "kDo5LhPmHS2WQE0b",
          "name": "OpenAi account"
        }
      },
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "d9ad0a3a-2ce6-4071-8262-8176b3eecf36",
      "name": "Sticky Note",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.stickyNote",
      "position": [
        1780,
        220
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "width": 1004.4263690337257,
        "height": 811.7188223885136,
        "content": "### Setting Up a Workflow for \"AI-Powered Children's English Storytelling on Telegram\"\n\nIn this guide, we will walk you through the process of setting up a workflow to create and share captivating children's stories using the provided configurati...

Output:
This workflow may encounter rate limiting issues when processing large batches of data.

**Common Rate Limit Errors**:
- HTTP 429 Too Many Requests
- HTTP 503 Service Unavailable
- API-specific rate limit messages

**Root Cause**: The workflow makes too many API requests in a short time period without delays.

**Solutions**:

1. **Add Wait Nodes**: Insert a Wait node between API calls
```json
{
  "parameters": {"amount": 1, "unit": "seconds"},
  "name": "Rate Limit Delay",
  "type": "n8n-nodes-base.wait"
}
```

2. **Enable Retry on Fail**:
```json
"retryOnFail": true,
"maxTries": 3,
"waitBetweenTries": 5000
```

3. **Use Batch Processing**: Split items into smaller batches with delays

4. **Implement Exponential Backoff**: Increase wait times with each retry

**Best Practice**: Always check API documentation for rate limits and implement appropriate throttling.


Instruction:
Debug this n8n workflow. It has the following issue:
Error Type: Timeout Configuration

Please analyze the workflow JSON and explain:
1. What is wrong
2. Why it's causing problems
3. How to fix it

Workflow JSON:
{
  "meta": {
    "instanceId": "2723a3a635131edfcb16103f3d4dbaadf3658e386b4762989cbf49528dccbdbd"
  },
  "nodes": [
    {
      "id": "c70236ea-91ab-4e47-b6f6-63a70ede5d3c",
      "name": "Google Calendar",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.googleCalendarTool",
      "position": [
        1000,
        680
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "options": {
          "fields": "=items(summary, start(dateTime))",
          "timeMin": "={{$fromAI(\"date\",\"the date after which to fetch the messages in format YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS\")}}"
        },
        "calendar": {
          "__rl": true,
          "mode": "list",
          "value": "derekcheungsa@gmail.com",
          "cachedResultName": "derekcheungsa@gmail.com"
        },
        "operation": "getAll"
      },
      "credentials": {
        "googleCalendarOAuth2Api": {
          "id": "qx8JdPX4I5Xk9c46",
          "name": "Google Calendar account"
        }
      },
      "typeVersion": 1.1
    },
    {
      "id": "d2287bea-de47-4180-8ee6-55d4ab1a89da",
      "name": "Window Buffer Memory",
      "type": "@n8n/n8n-nodes-langchain.memoryBufferWindow",
      "position": [
        760,
        680
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "sessionKey": "={{ $('Listen for incoming events').first().json.message.from.id }}",
        "sessionIdType": "customKey"
      },
      "typeVersion": 1.2
    },
    {
      "id": "fa955731-86f6-4e4d-8604-dab5f52dee87",
      "name": "Get Email",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.gmailTool",
      "position": [
        880,
        680
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "filters": {
          "labelIds": [
            "INBOX",
            "UNREAD"
          ],
          "readStatus": "unread",
          "receivedAfter": "={{$fromAI(\"date\",\"the date after which to fetch the messages in format YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS\")}}"
        },
        "operation": "getAll"
      },
      "credentials": {
        "gmailOAuth2": {
          "id": "tojOpzEqFprdxS46",
          "name": "Gmail account"
...

Output:
This workflow may experience timeout issues with long-running API requests.

**Symptoms**:
- Execution hangs indefinitely
- Connection timeout errors
- ETIMEDOUT or ESOCKETTIMEDOUT errors

**Root Cause**: No timeout configured for HTTP requests, or external services are slow.

**Solutions**:

1. **Set Appropriate Timeouts**:
```json
"options": {
  "timeout": 30000  // 30 seconds
}
```

2. **Add Error Handling**:
- Use Error Trigger node to catch timeout errors
- Implement fallback logic for failed requests

3. **Use Async Patterns**:
- For long operations, use webhook callbacks
- Implement polling patterns instead of waiting

4. **Configure Node Settings**:
```json
"retryOnFail": true,
"maxTries": 3,
"waitBetweenTries": 2000,
"continueOnFail": true
```

**Best Practice**: Set reasonable timeouts (10-30 seconds) and always have error handling for external API calls.

Configure appropriate timeouts and error handling for HTTP requests.


Instruction:
Debug this n8n workflow. It has the following issue:
Error Type: Disconnected Node

Please analyze the workflow JSON and explain:
1. What is wrong
2. Why it's causing problems
3. How to fix it

Workflow JSON:
{
  "meta": {
    "instanceId": "84ba6d895254e080ac2b4916d987aa66b000f88d4d919a6b9c76848f9b8a7616"
  },
  "nodes": [
    {
      "id": "ecb4bbc8-939a-4c6c-80b6-6f053d1d7745",
      "name": "Get the Image",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.telegramTrigger",
      "position": [
        1640,
        880
      ],
      "webhookId": "8404b32c-14bd-428e-88a6-560755f0f7ba",
      "parameters": {
        "updates": [
          "message"
        ],
        "additionalFields": {
          "download": true
        }
      },
      "credentials": {
        "telegramApi": {
          "id": "k3RE6o9brmFRFE9p",
          "name": "Telegram account"
        }
      },
      "typeVersion": 1.1
    },
    {
      "id": "2fd523b7-5f89-4e53-9445-4336b51cad51",
      "name": "Send Content for the Analyzed image",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.telegram",
      "position": [
        2380,
        760
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "text": "={{ $json.content }}",
        "chatId": "={{ $('Get the Image').item.json.message.chat.id }}",
        "additionalFields": {
          "appendAttribution": false
        }
      },
      "credentials": {
        "telegramApi": {
          "id": "k3RE6o9brmFRFE9p",
          "name": "Telegram account"
        }
      },
      "typeVersion": 1.1
    },
    {
      "id": "b77fe84f-7651-42aa-aa40-f903b10c8fb1",
      "name": "Sticky Note",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.stickyNote",
      "position": [
        380,
        360
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "width": 1235.4238259410247,
        "height": 1361.9843517631348,
        "content": "# Automated Image Analysis and Response via Telegram\n\n## Example: @SubAlertMe_Bot\n\n## Summary:\nThe automated image analysis and response workflow using n8n is a sophisticated solution designed to streamline the process of analyzing images sent via Telegram and delivering insightful responses based on the analysis outcomes. This cutting-edge workflow employs a series of meticulously orchestrated nodes ...

Output:
The workflow has a broken data flow. The node 'Wait' is not connected to any subsequent nodes.

**Root Cause**: The connections object is missing the output connections for 'Wait'.

**Impact**: Data from 'Wait' will not flow to any downstream nodes, effectively stopping the workflow at this point.

**Solution**:
1. Open the workflow in the n8n editor
2. Draw a connection from 'Wait' to the next node in the flow
3. Verify the connection appears in the connections object

**Programmatic Fix**: Add the connection back to the workflow JSON:
```json
"connections": {
  "Wait": {
    "main": [[{"node": "NextNode", "type": "main", "index": 0}]]
  }
}
```


Instruction:
Debug this n8n workflow. It has the following issue:
Error Type: Rate Limiting Risk

Please analyze the workflow JSON and explain:
1. What is wrong
2. Why it's causing problems
3. How to fix it

Workflow JSON:
{
  "meta": {
    "instanceId": "014363851c6b81282e1489df62d7f66bb7c99af5dcb6c1032b3a83a1d72baee4"
  },
  "nodes": [
    {
      "id": "0b4eb8e4-e98b-4f67-b134-914a5aa46b4d",
      "name": "Telegram Trigger",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.telegramTrigger",
      "position": [
        960,
        400
      ],
      "webhookId": "9c8b833c-7aa7-430d-8fc0-47936f695ddf",
      "parameters": {
        "updates": [
          "message"
        ],
        "additionalFields": {}
      },
      "credentials": {
        "telegramApi": {
          "id": "4lzd2F9cNrnR7j0j",
          "name": "Telegram account"
        }
      },
      "typeVersion": 1.1
    },
    {
      "id": "339246f2-76cb-44c4-8828-da0cb5d3ad5e",
      "name": "OpenAI Chat Model",
      "type": "@n8n/n8n-nodes-langchain.lmChatOpenAi",
      "position": [
        1100,
        600
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "options": {}
      },
      "credentials": {
        "openAiApi": {
          "id": "m3YyjGXFLLWwcnk7",
          "name": "OpenAi account"
        }
      },
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "70a981e2-7833-473b-a27a-fedf860901cb",
      "name": "AI Agent",
      "type": "@n8n/n8n-nodes-langchain.agent",
      "position": [
        1200,
        400
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "text": "=Respond to this as a helpful assistant with emojis: {{ $json.message.text }}",
        "options": {}
      },
      "typeVersion": 1.2
    },
    {
      "id": "fb6ff65b-56b4-44c4-978a-b9a5c3d535d6",
      "name": "Telegram",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.telegram",
      "position": [
        1560,
        400
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "text": "={{ $json.output }}",
        "chatId": "={{ $('Telegram Trigger').item.json.message.chat.id }}",
        "additionalFields": {
          "appendAttribution": false
        }
      },
      "credentials": {
        "telegramApi": {
          "id": "4lzd2F9cNrnR7j0j",
          "name": "Telegram account"
        }
      },
      "typ...

Output:
This workflow may encounter rate limiting issues when processing large batches of data.

**Common Rate Limit Errors**:
- HTTP 429 Too Many Requests
- HTTP 503 Service Unavailable
- API-specific rate limit messages

**Root Cause**: The workflow makes too many API requests in a short time period without delays.

**Solutions**:

1. **Add Wait Nodes**: Insert a Wait node between API calls
```json
{
  "parameters": {"amount": 1, "unit": "seconds"},
  "name": "Rate Limit Delay",
  "type": "n8n-nodes-base.wait"
}
```

2. **Enable Retry on Fail**:
```json
"retryOnFail": true,
"maxTries": 3,
"waitBetweenTries": 5000
```

3. **Use Batch Processing**: Split items into smaller batches with delays

4. **Implement Exponential Backoff**: Increase wait times with each retry

**Best Practice**: Always check API documentation for rate limits and implement appropriate throttling.


Instruction:
Debug this n8n workflow. It has the following issue:
Error Type: Expression Reference Error

Please analyze the workflow JSON and explain:
1. What is wrong
2. Why it's causing problems
3. How to fix it

Workflow JSON:
{
  "nodes": [
    {
      "name": "Telegram Trigger",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.telegramTrigger",
      "position": [
        600,
        300
      ],
      "webhookId": "2d0805da-143e-40c9-b327-242b1f052c31",
      "parameters": {
        "updates": [
          "message",
          "edited_message",
          "channel_post",
          "edited_channel_post"
        ],
        "additionalFields": {}
      },
      "credentials": {
        "telegramApi": "telegram_habot"
      },
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "Google Perspective",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.googlePerspective",
      "position": [
        800,
        300
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "text": "={{ $json[\"non_existent_field\"] }}",
        "options": {
          "languages": "en"
        },
        "requestedAttributesUi": {
          "requestedAttributesValues": [
            {
              "attributeName": "identity_attack"
            },
            {
              "attributeName": "threat"
            },
            {
              "attributeName": "profanity"
            }
          ]
        }
      },
      "credentials": {
        "googlePerspectiveOAuth2Api": "perspective_api"
      },
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "IF",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.if",
      "position": [
        1000,
        300
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "conditions": {
          "number": [
            {
              "value1": "={{$json[\"attributeScores\"][\"PROFANITY\"][\"summaryScore\"][\"value\"]}}",
              "value2": 0.7,
              "operation": "larger"
            }
          ]
        }
      },
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "Telegram",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.telegram",
      "position": [
        1200,
        150
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "text": "I don't tolerate toxic language!",
        "chatId": "={{$node[\"Telegram Trigger\"].json[\"message\"][\"chat\"][\"id\"]}}",
        "additionalFi...

Output:
In node 'Google Perspective', the parameter 'text' contains an expression that references undefined data.

**Faulty Expression**: `={{ $json["non_existent_field"] }}`
**Original Value**: `={{$json["message"]["text"]}}`

**Root Cause**: The expression references a field, node, or variable that doesn't exist in the data flow.

**Debugging Steps**:
1. Check the output of previous nodes to verify available fields
2. Use the Expression Editor to test expressions interactively
3. Add a Set node before this one to inspect available data
4. Use optional chaining for potentially undefined fields: `$json.field?.subfield`

**Best Practice**: Always validate data availability before using expressions.

Fix the expression in 'Google Perspective' parameter 'text'.


Instruction:
Debug this n8n workflow. It has the following issue:
Error Type: Missing Credentials

Please analyze the workflow JSON and explain:
1. What is wrong
2. Why it's causing problems
3. How to fix it

Workflow JSON:
{
  "meta": {
    "instanceId": "f691e434c527bcfc50a22f01094756f14427f055aa0b6917a75441617ecd7fb2"
  },
  "nodes": [
    {
      "id": "a998289c-65da-49ea-ba8a-4b277d9e16f3",
      "name": "Telegram Trigger",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.telegramTrigger",
      "position": [
        1060,
        640
      ],
      "webhookId": "2901cde3-b35a-4b0b-a1ba-17a7d9f80125",
      "parameters": {
        "updates": [
          "message",
          "*"
        ],
        "additionalFields": {}
      },
      "credentials": {
        "telegramApi": {
          "id": "pbbCqv0hRu9TDmWm",
          "name": "Telegram account"
        }
      },
      "typeVersion": 1.1
    },
    {
      "id": "7f50072a-5312-4a47-823e-0513cd9d383a",
      "name": "OpenAI",
      "type": "@n8n/n8n-nodes-langchain.openAi",
      "position": [
        1380,
        640
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "prompt": "={{ $json.message.text }}",
        "options": {},
        "resource": "image"
      },
      "credentials": {
        "openAiApi": {
          "id": "p4Qrsjiuev2epBzW",
          "name": "OpenAi account"
        }
      },
      "typeVersion": 1.3
    },
    {
      "id": "a59264d6-c199-4d7b-ade4-1e31f10eb632",
      "name": "Telegram",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.telegram",
      "position": [
        1580,
        1000
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "chatId": "={{ $json.data[1].message.from.id }}",
        "operation": "sendPhoto",
        "binaryData": true,
        "additionalFields": {}
      },
      "typeVersion": 1.1
    },
    {
      "id": "e0719c38-75ae-4082-91ba-d68c7cd28339",
      "name": "Merge",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.merge",
      "position": [
        1060,
        1000
      ],
      "parameters": {},
      "typeVersion": 2.1
    },
    {
      "id": "bee14b74-248b-4e17-9221-378daff965aa",
      "name": "Aggregate",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.aggregate",
      "position": [
        1320,
        1000
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "optio...

Output:
The node 'Telegram' (type: n8n-nodes-base.telegram) requires credentials but the 'credentials' configuration is missing.

**Root Cause**: The credentials object was not defined for this node.

**Solution**: Add the credentials configuration back to the node:
```json
"credentials": {
  "telegramApi": {
    "id": "pbbCqv0hRu9TDmWm",
    "name": "Telegram account"
  }
}
```

**Best Practice**: Always verify credentials are properly configured before deploying workflows. Use n8n's credential management system to store sensitive data securely.

Add credentials configuration to the 'Telegram' node.


Instruction:
Debug this n8n workflow. It has the following issue:
Error Type: Empty Input Handling

Please analyze the workflow JSON and explain:
1. What is wrong
2. Why it's causing problems
3. How to fix it

Workflow JSON:
{
  "nodes": [
    {
      "name": "Cron",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.cron",
      "position": [
        440,
        440
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "triggerTimes": {
          "item": [
            {}
          ]
        }
      },
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "Airtable2",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.airtable",
      "notes": "Grab our list of chats from Airtable to send a random recipe",
      "position": [
        660,
        440
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "table": "Table 1",
        "operation": "list",
        "application": "your_sheet_id",
        "additionalOptions": {}
      },
      "credentials": {
        "airtableApi": {
          "id": "5",
          "name": "Airtable account"
        }
      },
      "notesInFlow": true,
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "Set",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.set",
      "position": [
        860,
        600
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "values": {
          "number": [
            {
              "name": "chatid",
              "value": "={{$node[\"Airtable2\"].json[\"fields\"][\"chatid\"]}}"
            }
          ],
          "string": []
        },
        "options": {}
      },
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "Recipe Photo",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.telegram",
      "position": [
        1240,
        440
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "file": "={{$node[\"Get recipes from API\"].json[\"recipes\"][0][\"image\"]}}",
        "chatId": "={{$node[\"Set\"].json[\"chatid\"]}}",
        "operation": "sendPhoto",
        "additionalFields": {}
      },
      "credentials": {
        "telegramApi": {
          "id": "1",
          "name": "Telegram account"
        }
      },
      "typeVersion": 1,
      "continueOnFail": true
    },
    {
      "name": "Recipe URL",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.telegram",
      "position": [
        1420,
        440
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "text": "=\n{{$node[\"Get...

Output:
This workflow may fail when receiving empty or null input data.

**Common Error Messages**:
- "Cannot read property 'x' of undefined"
- "No items to process"
- "Input data is empty"

**Root Cause**: The workflow doesn't handle cases where:
- Trigger receives no data
- Previous node returns empty array
- API returns null or empty response

**Solutions**:

1. **Add IF Node for Empty Check**:
```json
{
  "parameters": {
    "conditions": {
      "number": [{
        "value1": "={{ $json.length }}",
        "operation": "larger",
        "value2": 0
      }]
    }
  },
  "name": "Check Not Empty",
  "type": "n8n-nodes-base.if"
}
```

2. **Use Default Values**:
```javascript
{{ $json.field ?? "default_value" }}
{{ $json.items || [] }}
```

3. **Add Set Node with Defaults**:
- Create a Set node that provides default values
- Place it early in the workflow

4. **Implement No Match Output**:
- Many nodes have "No Match" outputs
- Use these to handle empty cases gracefully

**Best Practice**: Always validate input data and provide sensible defaults for optional fields.


Instruction:
Debug this n8n workflow. It has the following issue:
Error Type: Expression Reference Error

Please analyze the workflow JSON and explain:
1. What is wrong
2. Why it's causing problems
3. How to fix it

Workflow JSON:
{
  "nodes": [
    {
      "parameters": {
        "sessionIdType": "={{ $json[\"non_existent_field\"] }}",
        "sessionKey": "={{ $('Telegram Message Trigger1').item.json.message.chat.id }}"
      },
      "type": "@n8n/n8n-nodes-langchain.memoryBufferWindow",
      "typeVersion": 1.3,
      "position": [
        -2576,
        -384
      ],
      "id": "2ac4d2dd-945d-4462-bb22-d2df7c5a05fa",
      "name": "Simple Memory"
    },
    {
      "parameters": {
        "mode": "retrieve-as-tool",
        "toolDescription": "Use this tool to retrieve any information required.",
        "memoryKey": {
          "__rl": true,
          "value": "vector_store_key",
          "mode": "list",
          "cachedResultName": "vector_store_key"
        },
        "topK": 10
      },
      "type": "@n8n/n8n-nodes-langchain.vectorStoreInMemory",
      "typeVersion": 1.3,
      "position": [
        -2432,
        -352
      ],
      "id": "759cc820-fb4e-4dfc-8c67-a7db3a47df18",
      "name": "Retrieve documents"
    },
    {
      "parameters": {
        "chunkSize": 3000,
        "chunkOverlap": 200,
        "options": {}
      },
      "id": "a3ca8f55-b216-435d-a723-7d7e5da647b4",
      "name": "Recursive Character Text Splitter",
      "type": "@n8n/n8n-nodes-langchain.textSplitterRecursiveCharacterTextSplitter",
      "position": [
        -3488,
        -208
      ],
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "parameters": {
        "mode": "insert",
        "memoryKey": {
          "__rl": true,
          "mode": "list",
          "value": "vector_store_key"
        }
      },
      "type": "@n8n/n8n-nodes-langchain.vectorStoreInMemory",
      "typeVersion": 1.3,
      "position": [
        -3440,
        -560
      ],
      "id": "7c32d920-7831-45a2-aef3-b51489aae91a",
      "name": "Simple Vector Store"
    },
    {
      "parameters": {
        "options": {}
      },
      "id": "315e4265-2020-4e83-b747-ee667cf4bdaf",
      "name": "Default Data Loader1",
      "type": ...

Output:
In node 'Simple Memory', the parameter 'sessionIdType' contains an expression that references undefined data.

**Faulty Expression**: `={{ $json["non_existent_field"] }}`
**Original Value**: `customKey`

**Root Cause**: The expression references a field, node, or variable that doesn't exist in the data flow.

**Debugging Steps**:
1. Check the output of previous nodes to verify available fields
2. Use the Expression Editor to test expressions interactively
3. Add a Set node before this one to inspect available data
4. Use optional chaining for potentially undefined fields: `$json.field?.subfield`

**Best Practice**: Always validate data availability before using expressions.

Fix the expression in 'Simple Memory' parameter 'sessionIdType'.


Instruction:
Debug this n8n workflow. It has the following issue:
Error Type: Expression Reference Error

Please analyze the workflow JSON and explain:
1. What is wrong
2. Why it's causing problems
3. How to fix it

Workflow JSON:
{
  "id": "HJwTWtzlhK8Q5SOv",
  "meta": {
    "instanceId": "fb924c73af8f703905bc09c9ee8076f48c17b596ed05b18c0ff86915ef8a7c4a",
    "templateCredsSetupCompleted": true
  },
  "name": "Telegram AI multi-format chatbot",
  "tags": [],
  "nodes": [
    {
      "id": "65196267-0d57-4af4-9081-962701478146",
      "name": "OpenAI Chat Model",
      "type": "@n8n/n8n-nodes-langchain.lmChatOpenAi",
      "position": [
        660,
        640
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "model": "gpt-4o",
        "options": {
          "temperature": 0.7,
          "frequencyPenalty": 0.2
        }
      },
      "credentials": {
        "openAiApi": {
          "id": "rveqdSfp7pCRON1T",
          "name": "Ted's Tech Talks OpenAi"
        }
      },
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "fc446ef0-2f15-42e7-a993-7960d76d8876",
      "name": "Window Buffer Memory",
      "type": "@n8n/n8n-nodes-langchain.memoryBufferWindow",
      "position": [
        800,
        640
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "sessionKey": "=chat_with_{{ $('Listen for incoming events').first().json.message.chat.id }}",
        "contextWindowLength": 10
      },
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "51c3cddd-fc21-4fff-b615-ea7080c47947",
      "name": "Correct errors",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.telegram",
      "position": [
        1220,
        580
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "text": "={{ $('AI Agent').item.json.output.replace(/&/g, \"&\").replace(/>/g, \">\").replace(/</g, \"<\").replace(/\"/g, \""\") }}",
        "chatId": "={{ $('Listen for incoming events').first().json.message.from.id }}",
        "additionalFields": {
          "parse_mode": "HTML",
          "appendAttribution": false
        }
      },
      "credentials": {
        "telegramApi": {
          "id": "9dexJXnlVPA6wt8K",
          "name": "Chat & Sound"
        }
      },
      "typeVersion": 1.1
    },
    {
      "id": "d931b7e1-bc17-431e-ae67-967b6ef79236",
      "name": "Li...

Output:
In node 'Send error message', the parameter 'chatId' contains an expression that references undefined data.

**Faulty Expression**: `={{ $items[999].json.value }}`
**Original Value**: `={{ $('Listen for incoming events').first().json.message.from.id }}`

**Root Cause**: The expression references a field, node, or variable that doesn't exist in the data flow.

**Debugging Steps**:
1. Check the output of previous nodes to verify available fields
2. Use the Expression Editor to test expressions interactively
3. Add a Set node before this one to inspect available data
4. Use optional chaining for potentially undefined fields: `$json.field?.subfield`

**Best Practice**: Always validate data availability before using expressions.

Fix the expression in 'Send error message' parameter 'chatId'.


Instruction:
Debug this n8n workflow. It has the following issue:
Error Type: Rate Limiting Risk

Please analyze the workflow JSON and explain:
1. What is wrong
2. Why it's causing problems
3. How to fix it

Workflow JSON:
{
  "id": "ax8PJlp1UDb6EGFt",
  "meta": {
    "instanceId": "fb924c73af8f703905bc09c9ee8076f48c17b596ed05b18c0ff86915ef8a7c4a"
  },
  "name": "Telegram AI Langchain bot",
  "tags": [],
  "nodes": [
    {
      "id": "e275f31f-6a5f-4444-8bf7-6c003a8e53df",
      "name": "OpenAI Chat Model",
      "type": "@n8n/n8n-nodes-langchain.lmChatOpenAi",
      "position": [
        1100,
        600
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "model": "gpt-4-1106-preview",
        "options": {
          "temperature": 0.7,
          "frequencyPenalty": 0.2
        }
      },
      "credentials": {
        "openAiApi": {
          "id": "63",
          "name": "OpenAi account"
        }
      },
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "f25a6666-ff23-4372-afd0-4920a99aab6a",
      "name": "Window Buffer Memory",
      "type": "@n8n/n8n-nodes-langchain.memoryBufferWindow",
      "position": [
        1220,
        600
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "sessionKey": "=chat_with_{{ $('Listen for incoming events').first().json.message.chat.id }}",
        "contextWindowLength": 10
      },
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "96faef5d-0349-47fe-a7cf-150953490e90",
      "name": "Telegram",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.telegram",
      "onError": "continueErrorOutput",
      "position": [
        1500,
        380
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "text": "={{ $json.output }}",
        "chatId": "={{ $('Listen for incoming events').first().json.message.from.id }}",
        "additionalFields": {
          "parse_mode": "HTML",
          "appendAttribution": false
        }
      },
      "credentials": {
        "telegramApi": {
          "id": "70",
          "name": "Telegram sdfsdfsdfsdfsfd_bot"
        }
      },
      "typeVersion": 1.1
    },
    {
      "id": "5ad43039-aaa6-43cd-9b0f-1d02f4d9c4ff",
      "name": "Correct errors",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.telegram",
      "position": [
        1700,
        380
      ],
      "parameters": {
      ...

Output:
This workflow may encounter rate limiting issues when processing large batches of data.

**Common Rate Limit Errors**:
- HTTP 429 Too Many Requests
- HTTP 503 Service Unavailable
- API-specific rate limit messages

**Root Cause**: The workflow makes too many API requests in a short time period without delays.

**Solutions**:

1. **Add Wait Nodes**: Insert a Wait node between API calls
```json
{
  "parameters": {"amount": 1, "unit": "seconds"},
  "name": "Rate Limit Delay",
  "type": "n8n-nodes-base.wait"
}
```

2. **Enable Retry on Fail**:
```json
"retryOnFail": true,
"maxTries": 3,
"waitBetweenTries": 5000
```

3. **Use Batch Processing**: Split items into smaller batches with delays

4. **Implement Exponential Backoff**: Increase wait times with each retry

**Best Practice**: Always check API documentation for rate limits and implement appropriate throttling.


Instruction:
Debug this n8n workflow. It has the following issue:
Error Type: Disconnected Node

Please analyze the workflow JSON and explain:
1. What is wrong
2. Why it's causing problems
3. How to fix it

Workflow JSON:
{
  "id": "RLWjEhY8L4TORAIj",
  "meta": {
    "instanceId": "36399efc72267ed21ee0d3747f5abdd0ee139cb67749ff919ff09fcd65230079",
    "templateCredsSetupCompleted": true
  },
  "name": "NeurochainAI Basic API Integration",
  "tags": [],
  "nodes": [
    {
      "id": "da34bd1a-4e4e-4133-acad-939d0cc96596",
      "name": "Telegram Trigger",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.telegramTrigger",
      "position": [
        -1740,
        880
      ],
      "webhookId": "05885608-5344-4dcf-81ad-4550b9a01241",
      "parameters": {
        "updates": [
          "*"
        ],
        "additionalFields": {}
      },
      "credentials": {
        "telegramApi": {
          "id": "VPtf3hBnwGucAQtu",
          "name": "TEMPLATE"
        }
      },
      "typeVersion": 1.1
    },
    {
      "id": "3b3f4b00-6b3b-4346-8fcc-7ab75bcfe838",
      "name": "Code",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.code",
      "notes": "Extract the URL from the previous node",
      "position": [
        80,
        260
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "jsCode": "// O valor vem como um array com uma string, ent\u00e3o precisamos pegar o primeiro item do array\nconst rawUrl = $json.choices[0].text;\n\n// Remover colchetes e aspas (se existirem) e pegar o primeiro elemento do array\nconst imageUrl = JSON.parse(rawUrl)[0];\n\nreturn {\n json: {\n imageUrl: imageUrl\n }\n};"
      },
      "notesInFlow": true,
      "typeVersion": 2
    },
    {
      "id": "ccb91a15-96b5-42aa-a6ae-ff7ae79d1e8f",
      "name": "HTTP Request3",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.httpRequest",
      "position": [
        240,
        260
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "url": "={{ $json.imageUrl }}",
        "options": {}
      },
      "typeVersion": 4.2
    },
    {
      "id": "588899b6-a68e-407e-b12f-f05c205674c5",
      "name": "Telegram2",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.telegram",
      "position": [
        -520,
        500
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "text": "\u231b",
        "chatId": "={{ $('Telegram T...

Output:
The workflow has a broken data flow. The node 'Code1' is not connected to any subsequent nodes.

**Root Cause**: The connections object is missing the output connections for 'Code1'.

**Impact**: Data from 'Code1' will not flow to any downstream nodes, effectively stopping the workflow at this point.

**Solution**:
1. Open the workflow in the n8n editor
2. Draw a connection from 'Code1' to the next node in the flow
3. Verify the connection appears in the connections object

**Programmatic Fix**: Add the connection back to the workflow JSON:
```json
"connections": {
  "Code1": {
    "main": [[{"node": "NextNode", "type": "main", "index": 0}]]
  }
}
```


Instruction:
Debug this n8n workflow. It has the following issue:
Error Type: Syntax Error

Please analyze the workflow JSON and explain:
1. What is wrong
2. Why it's causing problems
3. How to fix it

Workflow JSON:
{
  "id": "177:
  "meta": {
    "instanceId": "dfdeafd1c3ed2ee08eeab8c2fa0c3f522066931ed8138ccd35dc20a1e69decd3"
  },
  "name": "Telegram AI-bot",
  "tags": [
    {
      "id": "15",
      "name": "tutorial",
      "createdAt": "2022-10-04T20:07:25.607Z",
      "updatedAt": "2022-10-04T20:07:25.607Z"
    }
  ],
  "nodes": [
    {
      "id": "ea71a467-a646-4aca-b72e-cef1249c74e2",
      "name": "Telegram Trigger",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.telegramTrigger",
      "position": [
        20,
        340
      ],
      "webhookId": "51942fbb-ca0e-4ec4-9423-5fcc7d3c4281",
      "parameters": {
        "updates": [
          "*"
        ],
        "additionalFields": {}
      },
      "credentials": {
        "telegramApi": {
          "id": "70",
          "name": "Telegram bot"
        }
      },
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "1cbe43d4-ea8b-4178-bc10-4bfad7abe143",
      "name": "CheckCommand",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.switch",
      "position": [
        980,
        360
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "rules": {
          "rules": [
            {
              "value2": "/",
              "operation": "notStartsWith"
            },
            {
              "output": 1,
              "value2": "/start",
              "operation": "startsWith"
            },
            {
              "output": 2,
              "value2": "=/image ",
              "operation": "startsWith"
            }
          ]
        },
        "value1": "={{ $json.message?.text }}",
        "dataType": "string",
        "fallbackOutput": 3
      },
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "074e907f-634b-4242-b669-33fa064f8472",
      "name": "Sticky Note",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.stickyNote",
      "position": [
        1600,
        581.661764705882
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "width": 316.1071428571428,
        "height": 231.22373949579838,
        "content": "## Error fallback for unsupported commands"
      },
      "typeVersion": 1...

Output: The JSON contains an unclosed string. All string values must be enclosed in double quotes.

Add the missing closing quote to complete the string.


Instruction:
Debug this n8n workflow. It has the following issue:
Error Type: Expression Reference Error

Please analyze the workflow JSON and explain:
1. What is wrong
2. Why it's causing problems
3. How to fix it

Workflow JSON:
{
  "nodes": [
    {
      "id": "9cc26a42-eb43-40c4-b507-cbaf187a5e15",
      "name": "Get New Message",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.telegramTrigger",
      "position": [
        1120,
        500
      ],
      "webhookId": "464f0a75-56d1-402f-8b12-b358452e9736",
      "parameters": {
        "updates": [
          "message"
        ],
        "additionalFields": {}
      },
      "credentials": {
        "telegramApi": {
          "id": "rI0zyfIYVIyXt2fL",
          "name": "Telegram Club"
        }
      },
      "typeVersion": 1.1
    },
    {
      "id": "098b6fcf-7cb6-4730-8892-949fedc946b3",
      "name": "OPENAI - Create thread",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.httpRequest",
      "position": [
        1740,
        640
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "url": "https://api.openai.com/v1/threads",
        "method": "POST",
        "options": {},
        "sendHeaders": true,
        "authentication": "predefinedCredentialType",
        "headerParameters": {
          "parameters": [
            {
              "name": "OpenAI-Beta",
              "value": "assistants=v2"
            }
          ]
        },
        "nodeCredentialType": "openAiApi"
      },
      "credentials": {
        "openAiApi": {
          "id": "zJhr5piyEwVnWtaI",
          "name": "OpenAi club"
        }
      },
      "typeVersion": 4.2
    },
    {
      "id": "fa157f8c-b776-4b20-bfaf-c17460383505",
      "name": "Create User",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.supabase",
      "position": [
        1900,
        640
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "tableId": "telegram_users",
        "fieldsUi": {
          "fieldValues": [
            {
              "fieldId": "telegram_id",
              "fieldValue": "={{ $('Get New Message').item.json.message.chat.id }}"
            },
            {
              "fieldId": "openai_thread_id",
              "fieldValue": "={{ $('OPENAI - Create thread').item.json.id }}"
            }
          ]
        }
      },
      "credentials": ...

Output:
In node 'Find User', the parameter 'tableId' contains an expression that references undefined data.

**Faulty Expression**: `={{ $env.UNDEFINED_ENV_VAR }}`
**Original Value**: `telegram_users`

**Root Cause**: The expression references a field, node, or variable that doesn't exist in the data flow.

**Debugging Steps**:
1. Check the output of previous nodes to verify available fields
2. Use the Expression Editor to test expressions interactively
3. Add a Set node before this one to inspect available data
4. Use optional chaining for potentially undefined fields: `$json.field?.subfield`

**Best Practice**: Always validate data availability before using expressions.

Fix the expression in 'Find User' parameter 'tableId'.


Instruction:
Debug this n8n workflow. It has the following issue:
Error Type: Timeout Configuration

Please analyze the workflow JSON and explain:
1. What is wrong
2. Why it's causing problems
3. How to fix it

Workflow JSON:
{
  "id": "5Ycrm1MuK8htwd96",
  "meta": {
    "instanceId": "e5595d8cd58f3a24b5a8cf05dd852846c05423873db868a2b7d01a778210c45a",
    "templateCredsSetupCompleted": true
  },
  "name": "Telegram RAG pdf",
  "tags": [],
  "nodes": [
    {
      "id": "9fbce801-8c42-43a4-bc70-d93042d68b2c",
      "name": "Telegram Trigger",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.telegramTrigger",
      "position": [
        -220,
        240
      ],
      "webhookId": "b178f034-9997-4832-9bb4-a43c3015506e",
      "parameters": {
        "updates": [
          "message"
        ],
        "additionalFields": {}
      },
      "credentials": {
        "telegramApi": {
          "id": "",
          "name": ""
        }
      },
      "typeVersion": 1.1
    },
    {
      "id": "1bfc1fbd-86b1-4a8a-9301-fe54497f5acd",
      "name": "Embeddings OpenAI",
      "type": "@n8n/n8n-nodes-langchain.embeddingsOpenAi",
      "position": [
        720,
        460
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "options": {}
      },
      "credentials": {
        "openAiApi": {
          "id": "",
          "name": ""
        }
      },
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "d5ad7851-ed40-4b3a-b0d5-aeaf04362f1c",
      "name": "Default Data Loader",
      "type": "@n8n/n8n-nodes-langchain.documentDefaultDataLoader",
      "position": [
        860,
        460
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "options": {},
        "dataType": "binary"
      },
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "fed803d0-49a2-4b82-8f20-a02a10caa027",
      "name": "Recursive Character Text Splitter",
      "type": "@n8n/n8n-nodes-langchain.textSplitterRecursiveCharacterTextSplitter",
      "position": [
        940,
        680
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "options": {},
        "chunkSize": 3000,
        "chunkOverlap": 200
      },
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "ab60f36f-fada-4812-8dbd-441ad372cb80",
      "name": "Stop and Error",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.stopAndError",
      "position...

Output:
This workflow may experience timeout issues with long-running API requests.

**Symptoms**:
- Execution hangs indefinitely
- Connection timeout errors
- ETIMEDOUT or ESOCKETTIMEDOUT errors

**Root Cause**: No timeout configured for HTTP requests, or external services are slow.

**Solutions**:

1. **Set Appropriate Timeouts**:
```json
"options": {
  "timeout": 30000  // 30 seconds
}
```

2. **Add Error Handling**:
- Use Error Trigger node to catch timeout errors
- Implement fallback logic for failed requests

3. **Use Async Patterns**:
- For long operations, use webhook callbacks
- Implement polling patterns instead of waiting

4. **Configure Node Settings**:
```json
"retryOnFail": true,
"maxTries": 3,
"waitBetweenTries": 2000,
"continueOnFail": true
```

**Best Practice**: Set reasonable timeouts (10-30 seconds) and always have error handling for external API calls.


Instruction:
Debug this n8n workflow. It has the following issue:
Error Type: Rate Limiting Risk

Please analyze the workflow JSON and explain:
1. What is wrong
2. Why it's causing problems
3. How to fix it

Workflow JSON:
{
  "id": "F7CfIF10XjXhqbGb",
  "meta": {
    "instanceId": "ba8f1362d8ed4c2ce84171d2f481098de4ee775241bdc1660d1dce80434ec7d4",
    "templateCredsSetupCompleted": true
  },
  "name": "Play with Spotify from Telegram",
  "tags": [],
  "nodes": [
    {
      "id": "0395b3e4-94ef-49ea-9b4c-8f908e62f8c6",
      "name": "Telegram Trigger",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.telegramTrigger",
      "position": [
        -60,
        20
      ],
      "webhookId": "e7aa284b-5eef-4ac1-94bf-8e4d307a3b14",
      "parameters": {
        "updates": [
          "message"
        ],
        "additionalFields": {}
      },
      "credentials": {
        "telegramApi": {
          "id": "gblW5oACGEPuccja",
          "name": "Telegram account"
        }
      },
      "typeVersion": 1.1
    },
    {
      "id": "263edf45-58a0-45e8-91f8-601bc62c7d6f",
      "name": "OpenAI - Ask about a track",
      "type": "@n8n/n8n-nodes-langchain.openAi",
      "position": [
        120,
        -120
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "modelId": {
          "__rl": true,
          "mode": "list",
          "value": "gpt-4o-mini",
          "cachedResultName": "GPT-4O-MINI"
        },
        "options": {},
        "messages": {
          "values": [
            {
              "content": "=get artist and song name from '{{ $json.message.text }}'. Reply only eg. 'track:song name artist:artist name'"
            }
          ]
        }
      },
      "credentials": {
        "openAiApi": {
          "id": "vDcge3EgslxfX3EC",
          "name": "OpenAi account"
        }
      },
      "typeVersion": 1.6
    },
    {
      "id": "086aef8b-533a-4c33-9952-29d5adb152c8",
      "name": "Search track",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.spotify",
      "onError": "continueErrorOutput",
      "position": [
        540,
        -200
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "limit": 1,
        "query": "={{ $json.message.content }}",
        "filters": {},
        "resource": "track",
        "operation": "search"
 ...

Output:
This workflow may encounter rate limiting issues when processing large batches of data.

**Common Rate Limit Errors**:
- HTTP 429 Too Many Requests
- HTTP 503 Service Unavailable
- API-specific rate limit messages

**Root Cause**: The workflow makes too many API requests in a short time period without delays.

**Solutions**:

1. **Add Wait Nodes**: Insert a Wait node between API calls
```json
{
  "parameters": {"amount": 1, "unit": "seconds"},
  "name": "Rate Limit Delay",
  "type": "n8n-nodes-base.wait"
}
```

2. **Enable Retry on Fail**:
```json
"retryOnFail": true,
"maxTries": 3,
"waitBetweenTries": 5000
```

3. **Use Batch Processing**: Split items into smaller batches with delays

4. **Implement Exponential Backoff**: Increase wait times with each retry

**Best Practice**: Always check API documentation for rate limits and implement appropriate throttling.


Instruction:
Debug this n8n workflow. It has the following issue:
Error Type: Missing Credentials

Please analyze the workflow JSON and explain:
1. What is wrong
2. Why it's causing problems
3. How to fix it

Workflow JSON:
{
  "id": "IvgAFAUOSI3biT4L",
  "meta": {
    "instanceId": "2723a3a635131edfcb16103f3d4dbaadf3658e386b4762989cbf49528dccbdbd"
  },
  "name": "Translate Telegram audio messages with AI (55 supported languages) v1",
  "tags": [],
  "nodes": [
    {
      "id": "f91fa0cf-ea01-4fc0-9ef2-754da399b7fb",
      "name": "Telegram Trigger",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.telegramTrigger",
      "position": [
        440,
        220
      ],
      "webhookId": "c537cfcc-6c4a-436a-8871-d32f8ce016cb",
      "parameters": {
        "updates": [
          "*"
        ],
        "additionalFields": {}
      },
      "credentials": {
        "telegramApi": {
          "id": "Ov00cT0t4h4AFtZ0",
          "name": "Telegram account"
        }
      },
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "057ae05f-2c7d-48c5-a057-a6917a88971c",
      "name": "Sticky Note1",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.stickyNote",
      "position": [
        1240,
        0
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "width": 556.5162909529794,
        "height": 586.6978417266175,
        "content": "## Translation\n\n- Converts from speech to text.\n\n- Translates the language from the native language to translated language (as specified in settings node)\n\n"
      },
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "c6947668-118e-4e23-bc55-1cdbce554a20",
      "name": "Text reply",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.telegram",
      "position": [
        2240,
        220
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "text": "={{ $json.text }}",
        "chatId": "={{ $('Telegram Trigger').item.json.message.chat.id }}",
        "additionalFields": {
          "parse_mode": "Markdown"
        }
      },
      "credentials": {
        "telegramApi": {
          "id": "Ov00cT0t4h4AFtZ0",
          "name": "Telegram account"
        }
      },
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "93551aea-0213-420d-bf82-7669ab291dae",
      "name": "Telegram1",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.telegram",
      "position": [
        ...

Output:
The node 'Audio reply' (type: n8n-nodes-base.telegram) requires credentials but the 'credentials' configuration is missing.

**Root Cause**: The credentials object was not defined for this node.

**Solution**: Add the credentials configuration back to the node:
```json
"credentials": {
  "telegramApi": {
    "id": "Ov00cT0t4h4AFtZ0",
    "name": "Telegram account"
  }
}
```

**Best Practice**: Always verify credentials are properly configured before deploying workflows. Use n8n's credential management system to store sensitive data securely.

Add credentials configuration to the 'Audio reply' node.


Instruction:
Debug this n8n workflow. It has the following issue:
Error Type: Empty Input Handling

Please analyze the workflow JSON and explain:
1. What is wrong
2. Why it's causing problems
3. How to fix it

Workflow JSON:
{
  "id": "rtsvydad1MOCryia",
  "meta": {
    "instanceId": "31e69f7f4a77bf465b805824e303232f0227212ae922d12133a0f96ffeab4fef"
  },
  "name": "\ud83d\udc0b\ud83e\udd16 DeepSeek AI Agent + Telegram + LONG TERM Memory \ud83e\udde0",
  "tags": [],
  "nodes": [
    {
      "id": "23b50c07-39a8-4166-ab13-9683b3ee25e6",
      "name": "Check User & Chat ID",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.if",
      "position": [
        -80,
        160
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "options": {},
        "conditions": {
          "options": {
            "version": 2,
            "leftValue": "",
            "caseSensitive": true,
            "typeValidation": "strict"
          },
          "combinator": "and",
          "conditions": [
            {
              "id": "5fe3c0d8-bd61-4943-b152-9e6315134520",
              "operator": {
                "name": "filter.operator.equals",
                "type": "string",
                "operation": "equals"
              },
              "leftValue": "={{ $('Listen for Telegram Events').item.json.body.message.from.first_name }}",
              "rightValue": "={{ $json.first_name }}"
            },
            {
              "id": "98a0ea91-0567-459c-bbce-06abc14a49ce",
              "operator": {
                "name": "filter.operator.equals",
                "type": "string",
                "operation": "equals"
              },
              "leftValue": "={{ $('Listen for Telegram Events').item.json.body.message.from.last_name }}",
              "rightValue": "={{ $json.last_name }}"
            },
            {
              "id": "18a96c1f-f2a0-4a2a-b789-606763df4423",
              "operator": {
                "type": "number",
                "operation": "equals"
              },
              "leftValue": "={{ $('Listen for Telegram Events').item.json.body.message.from.id }}",
              "rightValue": "={{ $json.id }}"
            }
          ]
        },
        "looseTypeValidation": "="
      },
      "typeVer...

Output:
This workflow may fail when receiving empty or null input data.

**Common Error Messages**:
- "Cannot read property 'x' of undefined"
- "No items to process"
- "Input data is empty"

**Root Cause**: The workflow doesn't handle cases where:
- Trigger receives no data
- Previous node returns empty array
- API returns null or empty response

**Solutions**:

1. **Add IF Node for Empty Check**:
```json
{
  "parameters": {
    "conditions": {
      "number": [{
        "value1": "={{ $json.length }}",
        "operation": "larger",
        "value2": 0
      }]
    }
  },
  "name": "Check Not Empty",
  "type": "n8n-nodes-base.if"
}
```

2. **Use Default Values**:
```javascript
{{ $json.field ?? "default_value" }}
{{ $json.items || [] }}
```

3. **Add Set Node with Defaults**:
- Create a Set node that provides default values
- Place it early in the workflow

4. **Implement No Match Output**:
- Many nodes have "No Match" outputs
- Use these to handle empty cases gracefully

**Best Practice**: Always validate input data and provide sensible defaults for optional fields.


Instruction:
Debug this n8n workflow. It has the following issue:
Error Type: Empty Input Handling

Please analyze the workflow JSON and explain:
1. What is wrong
2. Why it's causing problems
3. How to fix it

Workflow JSON:
{
  "id": "QJZLBn9L6NbmjmLK",
  "meta": {
    "instanceId": "31e69f7f4a77bf465b805824e303232f0227212ae922d12133a0f96ffeab4fef"
  },
  "name": "\ud83e\udd16\ud83e\udde0 AI Agent Chatbot + LONG TERM Memory + Note Storage + Telegram",
  "tags": [],
  "nodes": [
    {
      "id": "20a2d959-5412-447b-a2c4-7736b6b758b3",
      "name": "When chat message received",
      "type": "@n8n/n8n-nodes-langchain.chatTrigger",
      "position": [
        -320,
        1600
      ],
      "webhookId": "8ba8fa53-2c24-47a8-b4dd-67b88c106e3d",
      "parameters": {
        "options": {}
      },
      "typeVersion": 1.1
    },
    {
      "id": "de79c268-bac5-48ff-be4d-18f522861c22",
      "name": "Sticky Note7",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.stickyNote",
      "position": [
        -100,
        1280
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "color": 4,
        "width": 340,
        "height": 380,
        "content": "## Retrieve Long Term Memories\nGoogle Docs"
      },
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "000a94d1-57ce-4eec-a021-9123685d22bf",
      "name": "Sticky Note8",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.stickyNote",
      "position": [
        1040,
        1840
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "width": 280,
        "height": 380,
        "content": "## Save To Current Chat Memory (Optional)"
      },
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "1bf1cade-bb3e-450a-a531-9add259069df",
      "name": "Sticky Note9",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.stickyNote",
      "position": [
        1360,
        1840
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "color": 4,
        "width": 280,
        "height": 380,
        "content": "## Save Long Term Memories\nGoogle Docs"
      },
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "8b30f207-8204-4548-8f51-38c387d98ae9",
      "name": "gpt-4o-mini",
      "type": "@n8n/n8n-nodes-langchain.lmChatOpenAi",
      "position": [
        820,
        1900
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "options": {}
      },
      "credentials": {
    ...

Output:
This workflow may fail when receiving empty or null input data.

**Common Error Messages**:
- "Cannot read property 'x' of undefined"
- "No items to process"
- "Input data is empty"

**Root Cause**: The workflow doesn't handle cases where:
- Trigger receives no data
- Previous node returns empty array
- API returns null or empty response

**Solutions**:

1. **Add IF Node for Empty Check**:
```json
{
  "parameters": {
    "conditions": {
      "number": [{
        "value1": "={{ $json.length }}",
        "operation": "larger",
        "value2": 0
      }]
    }
  },
  "name": "Check Not Empty",
  "type": "n8n-nodes-base.if"
}
```

2. **Use Default Values**:
```javascript
{{ $json.field ?? "default_value" }}
{{ $json.items || [] }}
```

3. **Add Set Node with Defaults**:
- Create a Set node that provides default values
- Place it early in the workflow

4. **Implement No Match Output**:
- Many nodes have "No Match" outputs
- Use these to handle empty cases gracefully

**Best Practice**: Always validate input data and provide sensible defaults for optional fields.