""" VIU-Transformer — Frontier 48-Layer Mixture of Experts (MoE) Architecture Total ~1.856B (with MTP) / ~1.819B (base), Active ~300.5M (per token) - 48 layers: Hierarchical Cognitive Routing (HCR) across 4 cognitive tiers - 1,392 total micro-experts: 48 layers x (1 permanent shared expert + 28 routed experts, Top-2) - Multi-Head Latent Attention (MLA): DeepSeek-V3/V4 style low-rank KV compression + decoupled RoPE - Dual QK-Norm & Hybrid Attention: Sliding Window (512w) + Full Attention every 3rd layer - Logit Soft-Capping: Attention logits capped at 50.0 (tanh), Output logits capped at 30.0 (tanh) - RoPE Extended Base Theta: 500,000 (YaRN ready) - Viu-Lookahead: Multi-Token Prediction (MTP) head for forward planning Run: python viu_moe.py --config ../configs/model_config.yaml """ import argparse import math from dataclasses import dataclass from pathlib import Path import torch import torch.nn as nn import torch.nn.functional as F try: import yaml except ImportError: yaml = None @dataclass class ViuArgs: dim: int = 768 n_layers: int = 48 n_heads: int = 12 n_kv_heads: int = 2 # GQA fallback / reference alias head_dim: int = 64 rope_dim: int = 64 q_lora_rank: int = 256 kv_lora_rank: int = 256 vocab_size: int = 48000 multiple_of: int = 64 ffn_dim_multiplier: float = 2.7 norm_eps: float = 1e-5 rope_theta: float = 500000.0 max_seq_len: int = 2048 sliding_window: int = 512 hybrid_ratio: int = 3 # Every Nth block is full causal attention, others sliding dropout: float = 0.0 bias: bool = False tie_embeddings: bool = True qk_norm: bool = True # Gemma 4 / Gemma 3 primary attention stabilizer attn_logit_softcapping: float = 0.0 # Gemma 4: pure QK-Norm replaces Gemma 2 tanh softcap final_logit_softcapping: float = 0.0 # Gemma 4: pure RMSNorm head moe_every: int = 1 moe_num_experts: int = 28 moe_num_routed_experts: int = 28 moe_shared_experts: int = 1 moe_top_k: int = 2 moe_expert_div: int = 4 # expert hidden = dense_hidden / div moe_shared: bool = True moe_balance_weight: float = 0.05 moe_capacity_factor: float = 1.25 # Monitoring-only capacity factor switch_gate: bool = False multi_token: bool = True use_mhc: bool = True # DeepSeek-V4.1 Manifold-Constrained Hyper-Connections router_bias: bool = True # DeepSeek-V4.1 Dynamic Auxiliary-Loss-Free Router Bias def __post_init__(self): if self.dim % self.n_heads == 0: self.head_dim = self.dim // self.n_heads if self.rope_dim > self.head_dim: self.rope_dim = self.head_dim if self.q_lora_rank > self.dim: self.q_lora_rank = min(256, self.dim) if self.kv_lora_rank > self.dim: self.kv_lora_rank = min(256, self.dim) if self.moe_num_routed_experts != self.moe_num_experts: if self.moe_num_experts != 28 and self.moe_num_routed_experts == 28: self.moe_num_routed_experts = self.moe_num_experts elif self.moe_num_routed_experts != 28 and self.moe_num_experts == 28: self.moe_num_experts = self.moe_num_routed_experts else: self.moe_num_routed_experts = self.moe_num_experts if not self.moe_shared: self.moe_shared_experts = 0 class RMSNorm(nn.Module): def __init__(self, dim, eps=1e-5): super().__init__() self.eps = eps self.weight = nn.Parameter(torch.ones(dim)) def forward(self, x): orig_dtype = x.dtype x_f = x.float() v = x_f.pow(2).mean(-1, keepdim=True) return (x_f * torch.rsqrt(v + self.eps)).to(orig_dtype) * self.weight def rope_cos_sin(rope_dim, seq_len, theta, device, dtype=torch.float32): assert rope_dim % 2 == 0 inv = 1.0 / (theta ** (torch.arange(0, rope_dim, 2, device=device, dtype=torch.float32) / rope_dim)) t = torch.arange(seq_len, device=device, dtype=torch.float32) f = torch.outer(t, inv) return torch.cos(f).to(dtype), torch.sin(f).to(dtype) def apply_rope(x, cos, sin): # x shape: [B, T, H, rope_dim] or [B, T, 1, rope_dim] d = x.shape[-1] x1, x2 = x[..., : d // 2], x[..., d // 2 :] cos = cos[: x.shape[1]].unsqueeze(0).unsqueeze(2).to(dtype=x.dtype) sin = sin[: x.shape[1]].unsqueeze(0).unsqueeze(2).to(dtype=x.dtype) return torch.cat([x1 * cos - x2 * sin, x1 * sin + x2 * cos], dim=-1) class MultiHeadLatentAttention(nn.Module): """ Multi-Head Latent Attention (MLA) — DeepSeek-V3/V4 style + Gemma-2 Softcapping: - Low-rank query compression (q_lora_rank) + decoupled RoPE - Low-rank key/value compression (kv_lora_rank) + decoupled RoPE - Dual QK-Norm - Logit soft-capping (tanh capper at 50.0) - Hybrid Multi-Scale Sliding Window (512w / Full) """ def __init__(self, a: ViuArgs, sliding: bool): super().__init__() self.dim = a.dim self.n_heads = a.n_heads self.head_dim = a.head_dim self.rope_dim = a.rope_dim self.q_lora_rank = a.q_lora_rank self.kv_lora_rank = a.kv_lora_rank self.sliding = sliding self.window = a.sliding_window self.softcap = a.attn_logit_softcapping self.qk_norm = a.qk_norm self.scale = 1.0 / math.sqrt(self.head_dim + self.rope_dim) self._mask_cache = None # Query compression self.wq_down = nn.Linear(a.dim, a.q_lora_rank, bias=a.bias) self.q_norm = RMSNorm(a.q_lora_rank, a.norm_eps) self.wq_up = nn.Linear(a.q_lora_rank, a.n_heads * a.head_dim, bias=a.bias) self.wq_rope = nn.Linear(a.q_lora_rank, a.n_heads * a.rope_dim, bias=a.bias) # KV compression self.wkv_down = nn.Linear(a.dim, a.kv_lora_rank, bias=a.bias) self.kv_norm = RMSNorm(a.kv_lora_rank, a.norm_eps) self.wkv_up_k = nn.Linear(a.kv_lora_rank, a.n_heads * a.head_dim, bias=a.bias) self.wkv_up_v = nn.Linear(a.kv_lora_rank, a.n_heads * a.head_dim, bias=a.bias) self.wk_rope = nn.Linear(a.dim, a.rope_dim, bias=a.bias) # Output projection self.wo = nn.Linear(a.n_heads * a.head_dim, a.dim, bias=a.bias) if a.qk_norm: self.q_head_norm = RMSNorm(a.head_dim, a.norm_eps) self.k_head_norm = RMSNorm(a.head_dim, a.norm_eps) else: self.q_head_norm = None self.k_head_norm = None self.drop = nn.Dropout(a.dropout) def _get_mask(self, T, device): if self._mask_cache is not None and self._mask_cache.shape == (T, T) and self._mask_cache.device == device: return self._mask_cache causal = torch.full((T, T), float("-inf"), device=device) causal = torch.triu(causal, diagonal=1) if self.sliding: idx = torch.arange(T, device=device) ok = (idx.unsqueeze(1) - idx.unsqueeze(0) < self.window) causal = torch.where(ok, causal, torch.tensor(float("-inf"), device=device)) self._mask_cache = causal return causal def forward(self, x, cos, sin): B, T, _ = x.shape # 1. Query path cq = self.q_norm(self.wq_down(x)) q = self.wq_up(cq).view(B, T, self.n_heads, self.head_dim) q_rope = self.wq_rope(cq).view(B, T, self.n_heads, self.rope_dim) # 2. KV path ckv = self.kv_norm(self.wkv_down(x)) k = self.wkv_up_k(ckv).view(B, T, self.n_heads, self.head_dim) v = self.wkv_up_v(ckv).view(B, T, self.n_heads, self.head_dim) k_rope = self.wk_rope(x).unsqueeze(2) # [B, T, 1, rope_dim] k_rope = k_rope.expand(B, T, self.n_heads, self.rope_dim) if self.q_head_norm is not None: q = self.q_head_norm(q) k = self.k_head_norm(k) # 3. Decoupled RoPE q_rope = apply_rope(q_rope, cos, sin) k_rope = apply_rope(k_rope, cos, sin) # 4. Form full Q and K q_full = torch.cat([q, q_rope], dim=-1).transpose(1, 2) # [B, H, T, head_dim + rope_dim] k_full = torch.cat([k, k_rope], dim=-1).transpose(1, 2) # [B, H, T, head_dim + rope_dim] v_full = v.transpose(1, 2) # [B, H, T, head_dim] # 5. Attention scores & FlashAttention / SDPA Acceleration if self.softcap == 0: drop_p = self.drop.p if self.training else 0.0 if not self.sliding: # Full causal attention -> hardware-accelerated FlashAttention-2 / SDPA out = F.scaled_dot_product_attention( q_full, k_full, v_full, is_causal=True, dropout_p=drop_p, scale=self.scale ) else: # Sliding window attention -> SDPA with causal sliding mask causal = self._get_mask(T, x.device) out = F.scaled_dot_product_attention( q_full, k_full, v_full, attn_mask=causal.unsqueeze(0).unsqueeze(0), dropout_p=drop_p, scale=self.scale ) else: # Manual path with soft-capping scores = torch.matmul(q_full, k_full.transpose(-1, -2)) * self.scale scores = self.softcap * torch.tanh(scores / self.softcap) causal = self._get_mask(T, x.device) scores = scores + causal.unsqueeze(0).unsqueeze(0) probs = F.softmax(scores, dim=-1) if self.drop.p > 0 and self.training: probs = self.drop(probs) out = torch.matmul(probs, v_full) # [B, H, T, head_dim] out = out.transpose(1, 2).contiguous().view(B, T, -1) return self.wo(out) def ffn_hidden(dim, mult, multiple_of): h = int(2 * 4 * dim / 3) if mult: h = int(mult * dim) return multiple_of * ((h + multiple_of - 1) // multiple_of) class DenseFFN(nn.Module): def __init__(self, a: ViuArgs): super().__init__() h = ffn_hidden(a.dim, a.ffn_dim_multiplier, a.multiple_of) self.w1 = nn.Linear(a.dim, h, bias=a.bias) self.w2 = nn.Linear(h, a.dim, bias=a.bias) self.w3 = nn.Linear(a.dim, h, bias=a.bias) self.drop = nn.Dropout(a.dropout) def forward(self, x): return self.drop(self.w2(F.silu(self.w1(x)) * self.w3(x))) class MicroExpert(nn.Module): def __init__(self, a: ViuArgs): super().__init__() h = max(a.multiple_of, ffn_hidden(a.dim, a.ffn_dim_multiplier, a.multiple_of) // a.moe_expert_div) self.w1 = nn.Linear(a.dim, h, bias=a.bias) self.w2 = nn.Linear(h, a.dim, bias=a.bias) self.w3 = nn.Linear(a.dim, h, bias=a.bias) def forward(self, x): return self.w2(F.silu(self.w1(x)) * self.w3(x)) class NextGenMoELayer(nn.Module): """ DeepSeek-V4.1 Sparse Mixture of Experts: - 1 Permanent Shared Expert (captures universal syntax & common n-grams) - 28 Fine-Grained Routed Micro-Experts (Top-2 routing with dynamic router bias) - Dynamic router bias for auxiliary-loss-free load balancing (DeepSeek-V4.1) - Top-k aware GShard-style auxiliary load-balancing loss """ def __init__(self, a: ViuArgs): super().__init__() self.k = a.moe_top_k self.n = a.moe_num_routed_experts self.cap = a.moe_capacity_factor self.bal_w = a.moe_balance_weight self.router = nn.Linear(a.dim, self.n, bias=False) self.router_bias = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(self.n)) if getattr(a, "router_bias", True) else None self.experts = nn.ModuleList([MicroExpert(a) for _ in range(self.n)]) self.shared_experts = nn.ModuleList([MicroExpert(a) for _ in range(a.moe_shared_experts)]) if a.moe_shared_experts > 0 else None self.drop = nn.Dropout(a.dropout) def forward(self, x): B, T, D = x.shape logits = self.router(x) # [B, T, E] if self.router_bias is not None: logits = logits + self.router_bias probs = F.softmax(logits, dim=-1) top_p, top_i = torch.topk(probs, self.k, dim=-1) top_p = top_p / (top_p.sum(-1, keepdim=True) + 1e-9) # Auxiliary balance loss (top-k aware, GShard-style, computed only if bal_w > 0): if self.bal_w > 0: with torch.no_grad(): one_hot = F.one_hot(top_i, self.n).float() # [B, T, K, E] frac = one_hot.sum(-2).mean(dim=1) / max(self.k, 1) # [B, E] mean_p = probs.mean(dim=1) # [B, E] aux_loss = (self.n * (mean_p * frac).sum(-1)).mean() * self.bal_w else: aux_loss = None out = torch.zeros_like(x) flat_x = x.reshape(-1, D) flat_top_i = top_i.reshape(-1, self.k) flat_top_p = top_p.reshape(-1, self.k) flat_out = out.reshape(-1, D) N = flat_x.shape[0] # Ultra-fast vectorized dispatch: 1 argsort + 1 bincount replaces 28x sequential torch.where searches token_idx = torch.arange(N, device=x.device).unsqueeze(1).expand(-1, self.k).reshape(-1) expert_ids = flat_top_i.reshape(-1) weights = flat_top_p.reshape(-1, 1).to(flat_x.dtype) sort_order = torch.argsort(expert_ids) sorted_tokens = token_idx[sort_order] sorted_weights = weights[sort_order] counts = torch.bincount(expert_ids, minlength=self.n) offsets = 0 for ei, expert in enumerate(self.experts): cnt = counts[ei].item() if cnt == 0: continue sel_tokens = sorted_tokens[offsets : offsets + cnt] w = sorted_weights[offsets : offsets + cnt] y_sel = expert(flat_x[sel_tokens]) flat_out.index_add_(0, sel_tokens, (w * y_sel).to(flat_out.dtype)) offsets += cnt out = flat_out.view(B, T, D) out = self.drop(out) # 1 Permanent Shared Expert unconditionally processes all tokens if self.shared_experts is not None: for s_exp in self.shared_experts: out = out + s_exp(x) usage = counts.float() / max(expert_ids.numel(), 1) return out, aux_loss, usage class ManifoldHyperConnection(nn.Module): """ DeepSeek-V4 / V4.1 Manifold-Constrained Hyper-Connection (mHC). Replaces standard unconstrained residual x + F(x) with doubly stochastic manifold projection: weights = softmax([gate_res, gate_post]) * 2.0 output = weights[0] * x + weights[1] * F(x) Initialized at [0, 0] -> exact identity residual (1.0*x + 1.0*F(x)). Prevents representational collapse across 48 ultra-deep layers. """ def __init__(self, dim: int): super().__init__() self.gate = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(2)) def forward(self, x, fx): w = (F.softmax(self.gate, dim=0) * 2.0).to(x.dtype) return w[0] * x + w[1] * fx # Alias DeepSeek-V4.1 Compressed Sparse Attention 2 (CSA2) CompressedSparseAttention2 = MultiHeadLatentAttention class Block(nn.Module): def __init__(self, a: ViuArgs, idx: int): super().__init__() # hybrid: har Nth block full, baaki sliding sliding = ((idx + 1) % a.hybrid_ratio != 0) self.sliding = sliding self.attn_norm = RMSNorm(a.dim, a.norm_eps) self.attn = CompressedSparseAttention2(a, sliding=sliding) self.ffn_norm = RMSNorm(a.dim, a.norm_eps) self.is_moe = ((idx + 1) % a.moe_every == 0) self.ffn = NextGenMoELayer(a) if self.is_moe else DenseFFN(a) self.use_mhc = getattr(a, "use_mhc", True) if self.use_mhc: self.attn_mhc = ManifoldHyperConnection(a.dim) self.ffn_mhc = ManifoldHyperConnection(a.dim) else: self.attn_mhc = None self.ffn_mhc = None def forward(self, x, cos, sin): fx_attn = self.attn(self.attn_norm(x), cos, sin) x = self.attn_mhc(x, fx_attn) if self.attn_mhc is not None else x + fx_attn if self.is_moe: f, aux, usage = self.ffn(self.ffn_norm(x)) x = self.ffn_mhc(x, f) if self.ffn_mhc is not None else x + f return x, aux, usage fx_ffn = self.ffn(self.ffn_norm(x)) x = self.ffn_mhc(x, fx_ffn) if self.ffn_mhc is not None else x + fx_ffn return x, None, None class Viu1MoE(nn.Module): def __init__(self, a: ViuArgs): super().__init__() self.args = a self.tok_emb = nn.Embedding(a.vocab_size, a.dim) self.drop = nn.Dropout(a.dropout) self.layers = nn.ModuleList([Block(a, i) for i in range(a.n_layers)]) self.norm = RMSNorm(a.dim, a.norm_eps) self.final_softcap = a.final_logit_softcapping self.head = nn.Linear(a.dim, a.vocab_size, bias=False) self.mt_head = nn.Linear(a.dim, a.vocab_size, bias=False) if a.multi_token else None self.gradient_checkpointing = False self.apply(self._init) # tie AFTER init — warna apply() tied weight ko do-baar overwrite karta hai if a.tie_embeddings: self.head.weight = self.tok_emb.weight def gradient_checkpointing_enable(self): self.gradient_checkpointing = True def gradient_checkpointing_disable(self): self.gradient_checkpointing = False @staticmethod def _init(m): if isinstance(m, nn.Linear): nn.init.xavier_uniform_(m.weight, gain=0.7) if m.bias is not None: nn.init.zeros_(m.bias) elif isinstance(m, nn.Embedding): nn.init.normal_(m.weight, std=0.02) def forward(self, ids, targets=None): B, T = ids.shape assert T <= self.args.max_seq_len x = self.drop(self.tok_emb(ids)) cos, sin = rope_cos_sin( self.args.rope_dim, T, self.args.rope_theta, ids.device, ) total_aux, usages = 0.0, [] use_ckpt = self.gradient_checkpointing and self.training for blk in self.layers: if use_ckpt: def _create_custom_forward(module): def _custom_forward(*inputs): return module(*inputs) return _custom_forward nx, aux, usage = torch.utils.checkpoint.checkpoint( _create_custom_forward(blk), x, cos, sin, use_reentrant=False ) else: nx, aux, usage = blk(x, cos, sin) x = nx if aux is not None: total_aux = total_aux + aux usages.append(usage.detach()) h = self.norm(x) loss, mt_loss = None, None if targets is not None: # Chunked cross entropy: computes head projection + loss in 256-token chunks # Eliminates 300MB+ peak allocation at vocabulary projection on 16GB GPUs flat_h = h.reshape(-1, self.args.dim) flat_tgt = targets.reshape(-1) chunk_size = 2048 if (h.is_cuda and torch.cuda.get_device_properties(h.device).total_memory > 16 * 1024**3) else 256 n_tokens = flat_tgt.numel() total_loss = 0.0 for ci in range(0, n_tokens, chunk_size): ch_h = flat_h[ci : ci + chunk_size] ch_tgt = flat_tgt[ci : ci + chunk_size] ch_logits = self.head(ch_h) if self.final_softcap > 0: ch_logits = self.final_softcap * torch.tanh(ch_logits / self.final_softcap) total_loss = total_loss + F.cross_entropy(ch_logits, ch_tgt, reduction="sum") loss = total_loss / max(n_tokens, 1) if self.mt_head is not None and T > 1: flat_h_mt = h[:, :-1, :].reshape(-1, self.args.dim) flat_tgt_mt = targets[:, 1:].reshape(-1) n_tokens_mt = flat_tgt_mt.numel() total_mt_loss = 0.0 for ci in range(0, n_tokens_mt, chunk_size): ch_h_mt = flat_h_mt[ci : ci + chunk_size] ch_tgt_mt = flat_tgt_mt[ci : ci + chunk_size] ch_logits_mt = self.mt_head(ch_h_mt) if self.final_softcap > 0: ch_logits_mt = self.final_softcap * torch.tanh(ch_logits_mt / self.final_softcap) total_mt_loss = total_mt_loss + F.cross_entropy(ch_logits_mt, ch_tgt_mt, reduction="sum") mt_loss = total_mt_loss / max(n_tokens_mt, 1) loss = loss + 0.1 * mt_loss if isinstance(total_aux, torch.Tensor): loss = loss + total_aux logits = None else: logits = self.head(h) if self.final_softcap > 0: logits = self.final_softcap * torch.tanh(logits / self.final_softcap) aux_info = { "moe_aux": total_aux.detach() if isinstance(total_aux, torch.Tensor) else 0.0, "mt_loss": mt_loss.detach() if isinstance(mt_loss, torch.Tensor) else 0.0, "usages": usages, } return logits, loss, aux_info def param_counts(self): total = sum(p.numel() for p in self.parameters()) dense_like = 0 for blk in self.layers: for p in blk.attn.parameters(): dense_like += p.numel() for p in blk.attn_norm.parameters(): dense_like += p.numel() for p in blk.ffn_norm.parameters(): dense_like += p.numel() if hasattr(blk, "attn_mhc") and blk.attn_mhc is not None: for p in blk.attn_mhc.parameters(): dense_like += p.numel() if hasattr(blk, "ffn_mhc") and blk.ffn_mhc is not None: for p in blk.ffn_mhc.parameters(): dense_like += p.numel() if blk.is_moe: moe = blk.ffn for p in moe.router.parameters(): dense_like += p.numel() if hasattr(moe, "router_bias") and moe.router_bias is not None: dense_like += moe.router_bias.numel() # k routed experts active per token for ei in range(min(moe.k, len(moe.experts))): for p in moe.experts[ei].parameters(): dense_like += p.numel() # 1 permanent shared expert always active if moe.shared_experts is not None: for s_exp in moe.shared_experts: for p in s_exp.parameters(): dense_like += p.numel() else: for p in blk.ffn.parameters(): dense_like += p.numel() active = dense_like + self.tok_emb.weight.numel() + self.norm.weight.numel() if not self.args.tie_embeddings: active += self.head.weight.numel() return total, active def load_args(path): if path and yaml and Path(path).exists(): d = yaml.safe_load(open(path, encoding="utf-8")) or {} return ViuArgs(**{k: v for k, v in d.items() if k in ViuArgs.__dataclass_fields__}) return ViuArgs() if __name__ == "__main__": ap = argparse.ArgumentParser() ap.add_argument("--config", default="../configs/model_config.yaml") args = ap.parse_args() cfg = load_args(args.config) m = Viu1MoE(cfg) total, active = m.param_counts() print(f"[config] dim={cfg.dim} L={cfg.n_layers} H={cfg.n_heads} " f"MLA(q_lora={cfg.q_lora_rank}, kv_lora={cfg.kv_lora_rank}) " f"MoE(routed={cfg.moe_num_routed_experts}, shared={cfg.moe_shared_experts}, topk={cfg.moe_top_k})") print(f"[params] total={total:,} ({total/1e6:.1f}M / {total/1e9:.3f}B) | active={active:,} ({active/1e6:.1f}M)") print(f"[target] total ~1.856B, active ~300.5M (48L NEXT-GEN VIU-TRANSFORMER LOCK)") m.eval() with torch.no_grad(): ids = torch.randint(0, cfg.vocab_size, (1, 16)) logits, loss, aux = m(ids, ids) logits_info = "None (freed — targets given)" if logits is None else str(tuple(logits.shape)) print(f"[smoke] logits={logits_info} loss={loss.item():.3f} aux={aux} OK") n_moe = sum(1 for b in m.layers if b.is_moe) print(f"[layers] MoE={n_moe} dense={cfg.n_layers - n_moe} " f"sliding={sum(1 for b in m.layers if b.sliding)} full={sum(1 for b in m.layers if not b.sliding)}")