--- license: other license_name: research-use license_link: LICENSE pretty_name: Breakpoint Grounding 55M task_categories: - object-detection - text-to-image - image-to-text language: - en tags: - object-detection - bounding-boxes - grounding - image-captioning - synthetic-data - diffusion-models size_categories: - 10M, 'image_caption': ..., 'object_captions': [...], 'normalized_boxes': [...], 'img_size_wh': [...]} ``` ## Dataset summary **Breakpoint Grounding 55M is, to our knowledge, the largest instance-grounded image–text dataset released publicly.** Every image comes with an **image-level caption**, a set of **object bounding boxes**, and **a caption for every box**. It was built by [Breakpoint AI](https://huggingface.co/BreakpointAI) to train a 10B-parameter joint image + bounding-box diffusion model for synthetic object-detection data generation. - **54,909,477 images**, each with one image-level caption - **511,652,664 bounding boxes** (9.32 per image on average), each with its own caption For comparison, **ROVI** (ICCV 2025), the most recent comparable instance-grounded dataset, labels 1M web images with a similar VLM + open-vocabulary-detector pipeline — this dataset is more than **50× larger**. ## Why this dataset exists At Breakpoint, we trained diffusion models to generate synthetic training data for object detection models. Our ultimate model was a 10-billion-parameter joint diffusion model that generated images and bounding boxes simultaneously. Given 10 labeled images, it could adapt to a new scene and start producing labeled training images. In academia, there has been considerable research on conditional generation (bounding boxes to image) , and the associated datasets . While helpful, this work did not touch joint generation, and unfortunately was not at the scale necessary to be actually useful. In order to get a better performing model, we decided to build this dataset, which is over 50 times larger than comparable datasets (e.g. ROVI, ICCV 2025, at 1M images). Having this much data is what allowed us to train a large and high-performing model. ## Image sources Images are drawn from four public web-image collections: | Source | Original image licensing | Notes | |--------|--------------------------|-------| | [Open Images](https://storage.googleapis.com/openimages/web/index.html) | CC BY 2.0 (images), CC BY 4.0 (Google annotations) | Attribution per the Open Images terms. | | [Wikimedia Commons](https://commons.wikimedia.org/) | Mixed free licenses (CC BY-SA, CC BY, CC0, public domain), per file | Attribution and license vary per file. | | [RedCaps](https://redcaps.xyz/) | Reddit-submitted images; released for non-commercial research under the RedCaps terms | Subject to the RedCaps takedown process. | | [LAION](https://laion.ai/) | URL/metadata under CC BY 4.0; images remain under their original owners' rights | Image bytes are redistributed here rather than URLs — see Licensing. | ## How it was built - **Images**: collected from the four sources above, resized to ~1MP, light integrity filtering (corrupt / unreadable files removed). - **Annotations** (`image_caption`, `object_captions`, `normalized_boxes`): generated by Breakpoint AI's automated annotation pipeline (object detection + captioning models). They are **not human-labeled**. See **Appendix: Annotation pipeline** for details. ## Dataset structure ### Fields | Field | Type | Description | |-------|------|-------------| | `image` | `Image` | The decoded image (embedded in the Parquet files). | | `image_caption` | `string` | A single natural-language caption describing the whole image. | | `object_captions` | `Sequence(string)` | One caption per detected object. Index-aligned with `normalized_boxes`. | | `normalized_boxes` | `Sequence(Sequence(float32))` | One bounding box per detected object, coordinates normalized to `[0, 1]`. Index-aligned with `object_captions`. | | `img_size_wh` | `Sequence(int32)` | Original image size as `[width, height]` in pixels. | ### Bounding box format Each box is `[x_min, y_min, x_max, y_max]` (xyxy), with coordinates normalized to `[0, 1]` relative to image width/height. `normalized_boxes[i]` corresponds to `object_captions[i]`. ### Splits | Split | Rows | |-------|------| | `train` | 54,909,477 | ### Example ```python from datasets import load_dataset ds = load_dataset("BreakpointAI/breakpoint-grounding-55m", split="train", streaming=True) row = next(iter(ds)) row["image"] # PIL.Image row["image_caption"] # "a photograph of ..." row["object_captions"] # ["a dog", "a red ball", ...] row["normalized_boxes"] # [[0.12, 0.34, 0.56, 0.78], ...] row["img_size_wh"] # [1820, 1024] ``` ## Licensing and responsible use **Released for research and educational use only.** This dataset aggregates images from multiple public sources, each under its own terms (see **Image sources** above). The bounding boxes and captions contributed by Breakpoint AI are released under **CC BY 4.0**. Use of the images is additionally governed by the licenses and terms of their original sources; downstream users are responsible for complying with those, including any attribution requirements (notably for Wikimedia Commons and Open Images) and the RedCaps non-commercial research terms. **Personal data.** The images depict real, sometimes identifiable, people and places. Material being publicly posted does not remove it from the scope of data-protection laws such as the GDPR, UK GDPR, and CCPA. Do **not** use this dataset to identify, profile, track, surveil, or contact individuals, or to train biometric identification systems. **No affiliation.** This dataset is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or connected to Google / Open Images, the Wikimedia Foundation, Reddit, or LAION e.V. **Removal requests.** If you are the rights holder for an image, or are depicted in one, and want it removed, open a discussion on this repository identifying the affected row indices (or attaching the image) and the affected rows will be removed. ## Limitations and biases - Annotations are model-generated and contain errors: missed objects, spurious boxes, imprecise coordinates, and caption hallucinations. - Inherits the content distribution and biases of the four source collections, including web-scale skews in geography, language, subject matter, and the demographics of who posts images to Reddit and Wikimedia. - Images vary in aesthetic and resolution quality; only a light integrity filter was applied. ## Acknowledgements - Hosted on the Hugging Face Hub with a public dataset storage grant. - Thanks to Daniel van Strien and the Hugging Face datasets team. - Images from Open Images, Wikimedia Commons, RedCaps, and LAION. ## Appendix: Annotation pipeline ## Citation ```bibtex @misc{breakpoint_grounding_55m, title = {Breakpoint Grounding 55M}, author = {Wang, Franklin and {[Desmond LASTNAME]} and Murdoch, Jamie}, year = {2026}, url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/BreakpointAI/breakpoint-grounding-55m} } ``` ### Related work ```bibtex @inproceedings{peng2025rovi, title = {ROVI: A VLM-LLM Re-Captioned Dataset for Open-Vocabulary Instance-Grounded Text-to-Image Generation}, author = {Peng, Cihang and Hou, Qiming and Ren, Zhong and Zhou, Kun}, booktitle = {ICCV}, year = {2025} } @inproceedings{li2023gligen, title = {GLIGEN: Open-Set Grounded Text-to-Image Generation}, author = {Li, Yuheng and Liu, Haotian and Wu, Qingyang and Mu, Fangzhou and Yang, Jianwei and Gao, Jianfeng and Li, Chunyuan and Lee, Yong Jae}, booktitle = {CVPR}, year = {2023} } @inproceedings{wang2024instancediffusion, title = {InstanceDiffusion: Instance-level Control for Image Generation}, author = {Wang, Xudong and Darrell, Trevor and Rambhatla, Sai Saketh and Girdhar, Rohit and Misra, Ishan}, booktitle = {CVPR}, year = {2024} } ```