CRUSTACEA. 219 without definite locality, from the collection of the late Dr. Bleeker, and already referred to in my report on that collection. 53. Pilumnus vespertilio ( Fabr). Five specimens were collected on the beach at Tort Mollo (X os. 95, 103) (first collection). Prom the second collection are retained a female from Thursday-island each (No. 107), a male from a coral-reef at Clairmont (No. 151), a female from West Island, Prince of Wales Channel (No. 149), and a small female from Dundas Straits, N.W. Australia, 17fms. (Xo. 101). In nearly all the hairs with which the carapace is clothed are of a cinereous colour. Hess mentions its occurrence at Sydney. It is said hy Mr. Haswell to be common in Australia on coral-reefs. A very large series of specimens of this widely distributed species is in the Museum collection, from the following localities — Mauritius (Old Collection); Seychelles (Dr. E. P. Wright), Java (coll. Dr. Bleeker) ; Timor Laut (H. 0. Forbes) ; N.W. coast of Australia, Nicol Hay (Mr. du Boulay) ; Madjica-sima group (S.M.S. 'Samaranj' types of P. ursulus) ; Philippine Islands, Siquijor (Cuming) ; Cumberland Island, Sir C. Hardy's Island (J. B. Jukes) ; New Zealand (Dr. A. Sinclair, R.N) ; Fiji Islands, Vanua Levu, Bau (H.M.S. Herald ') ; Samoa Islands, Upolu, c. (Rev. S. J. Whitmee) ; New Hebrides (J. Macgillivray) ; besides others without definite or well-authenticated localities. I have in my report on the late Dr. Blocker's collection of Malaysian Crustacea given the principal references to the synonyma of this species. 54. Pilumnus pulcher. (Plate XXII. fig. A) In this species the carapace is regularly convex and somewhat orbiculate, the antero-lateral margins being as long as the posterolateral and regularly arcuate ; the upper surface of the body and legs is rather thinly clothed with very long fulvous hairs, beneath which the carapace is granulated ; the median frontal lobes are very prominent, deflexed, and divided by a very narrow (or closed) median fissure ; the orbital margins are denticulated ; between each of the four principal spines of the antero-lateral margins are three or four scarcely smaller spinules. The pterygostomian regions are smooth ; the sternum coarsely punctured. All the segments of the postabdomen distinct in both sexes. The basal antennal joints are robust and reach to the subfrontal processes ; the merus-joints of the outer maxillipedes small and smooth. The chelipedes are moderately robust, and in the specimens examined nearly of equal size ; arm short, trigonous, smooth, with a strong spine near the distal end of its upper margin ; wrist granulated externally, with only a small spinule near the distal end of its inner margin ; palm with three spines on its upper margin (see fig. a), its outer surface strongly tuberculated, the tubercles arranged in longitudinal series,


POLYCHAETOUS ANNELIDS FROM PHILIPPINE SEAS. 597 The parapodial modifications begin on somite 15. In a modified parapodium the neuropodium has a dorsal, and the notopodium a ventral sagittal lobe, which overlap, the notopodial being anterior. Dorsal to the slender dorsal cirrus is a broad rounded lobe with ventral to it, a lanceolate one extending to nearly the end of the cirrus. The ventral cirrus is much like the dorsal in form, but relatively a little heavier. Ventrally it carries a plate shaped like that of the dorsal but larger. Dorsally, attached to its base, this cirrus carries a zigzag three-pronged outgrowth, while on. the ventral surface of the neuropodium is another outgrowth very similar to this but with four prongs. The setae are of the usual type with broad terminal joint toothed along one edge. Most individuals show traces of brown spots on the dorsal surface. When best developed these appear in the anterior unmodified portion as prominent spots on the parapodia from the eighth to the fifteenth. In the modified portion there is a median dorsal and two lateral brown spots in each somite, with a double row of smaller brown spots on the dorsal surface of each parapodium. Ventrally these markings are most prominent in the modified region, where the median row breaks up into a double row of smaller spots and the parapodial row tend to coalesce into a single one. In the collections were a number of females in the epitokous condition, but none which resembled the above-described males sufficiently to justify one in identifying them as of this species. Collected from Subic Bay; Santa Cruz Harbor, Marinduque; San Miguel arbor, Ticao Island, a large number of individuals being from the latter locality ; Port Matalvi, Luzon, and Romblon. 7. Cat. No. 18939, U.S.N.M, from latter locality. Family LEODICIDAE. Genus LEODICE Savigny. LEODICE APHRODITOIS Pallas. Eunice aphroditois PALLAS, 1766. EHLERS, 1864-1868, p. 306, pi. 15. figs. 23-29. Collected at Batan Island. Genus AGLAURIDES Ehlers. AGLAURIDES FULGIDA Saviffny. Aylaurides fulgida SAVIGNY, 1820, p. 54. GRUBE, 1878, p. 172. Collected at station D5179. Fragments of a Leodice were collected at station D5401, Tanguingui Island, north of Cebu, 30 fathoms, fine sand bottom.


POLYCHAETOUS ANNELIDS FROM PHILIPPINE SEAS. 595 Family NEREIDAE. The collection contained large numbers of heteronereis stages of Nereis. Since during this phase the bodily changes are such as to obscure specific characters I have relied almost entirely in determining species on the characters of the jaws and paragnaths. These determinations must therefore be regarded as provisional. Genus NEREIS Linnaeus. NEREIS MASOLOCENSIS Grube. Nereis masolocensis GRUBE, 1878, p. 75, pi. 5, fig. 4. The Albatross specimens corresponded exactly with these in respect to tooth structure. Grube states that 22 anterior somites are marked with a brown stripe on either side. In these not more than 17 or 18 were so marked. A prominent feature is a brown band across the entire dorsal surface of the second setigerous somite. Collected at Bongao; Varadero Harbor, Mindoro; Subic; Tava Island ; San Miguel Harbor ; Varadero Bay, Mindoro ; " Electric light, July 20, 1908" station D5403, Capitancillo Island, between Leyte and Cebu, 182 fathoms, green mud bottom. NEREIS PECTINIFERA Grube. Nereis pectinifera GRUBE, 1878, p. 66, pi. 4, fig. 5 ; pi. 5, fig. 5. Collected at Labuan Blanda Island. NEREIS TONGATABUENSIS Mclntosh. Nereis tonffatabucnsis MCINTOSH, 1885, p. 212, pi. 34, figs. 7, 8, 9; pi. 16a, figs. 5. 6, 7. Collected at Nasugbu Luzon. NEREIS (PLATYNEREIS) INTEGER, new species. An epitokous form, characterized by an enormous development of the prostomium, so that the antennae are thrown to the ventral surface, all that is visible from above being the enormous eyes and the shovel-shaped prostomium (figs. 1 and 2). Male. The prostomium rounded, its margin entire, the portion anterior to the eyes being very thin and translucent. In some individuals the palms may be seen through this translucent region. The anterior eyes are the larger, and they are situated on the latero-ventral portion of the head. The dorsal tentacular cirrus (lost in the specimen figured) extended in other specimens to the eighth somite. The median cirri(fig. 1) are much shorter. On the ventral surface (fig. 2) appear the flattened antennae, which normally hang at right angles to the prostomium, but are


-, UNIVEBSMR OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY r OF CA SANTA BAKBAJU 7-7 POLYCHAETOUS ANNELIDS COLLECTED BY THE UNITED STATES FISHERIES STEAMER "ALBATROSS " IN THE WATERS ADJACENT TO THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS IN 1907-1910. By A. L. TREADWELL, Of the Department of Zoology, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New York. INTRODUCTION. Some time ago the polychaetous annelid collections made by the United States Bureau of Fisheries Steamer Albatross in the Philippines were sent me for description. As a result of a preliminary study the old species were identified and sent to the United States National Museum some two years ago. Two new species were also described, but since-pressure of other duties prevented my continuing the work the remainder of the collection was turned over to my assistant, Miss Ruth Hoagland, whose report follows this. A few old species which I had overlooked are included in her report. These two papers together, then, comprise the report on the polychaetous annelids of this expedition. DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. Family SYLLIDAE. Genus AUTOLYTUS Grube. AUTOLYTUS TRIANGULIFER Grube. Autolytus triangulifera GRUBE, 1878, p. 132, pi. 7, fig. 8. The polybostricous stage was collected in considerable numbers at San Miguel Harbor, Ticao Island. Grube reported that his specimens were incomplete. One specimen in this collection had in the posterior region 31 somites similar in structure, though narrowing very noticeably toward the posterior end. These somites are largely covered by the prominent parapodia. Somites 32, 33, 34, 49, 50, and 51 of the entire body have small parapodia and are covered dorsally with a brownish pigment, an expansion of the median pigment spots occurring in the anterior somites. Behind somite 44 was a colorless region containing about six somites with very small pair580


SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Bulletin 100 VOLUME 1, PART 8 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE BIOLOGY OF THE PHILIPPINE ARCHIPELAGO AND ADJACENT REGIONS POLYCHAETOUS ANNELIDS COLLECTED BY THE UNITED STATES FISHERIES STEAMER "ALBATROSS" IN THE WATERS ADJACENT TO THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS IN 1907-1910 By A. L. TREADWELL Of the Department of Zoology, Vassar College Poughkeepsie, New York WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1920


114 MERRILL AND KOLFE. r GORDONIA Ell. Gordonia luzonica Vidal Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 57. Gordonia fragrans Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Snppl. 95. A species not uncommon in the mountains of Luzon, G. fragrans not being distinct from Vidal's species. Gordonia vidalii Szysz. in Engl. & Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam-3*^ (1893) 185. G. acuminata Vidal Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 58, non Zoll. This species must be excluded from the Theaceae, as the type, Vidal llJfO, is a sterile specimen of Shorea or Hopea (Dipterocarpaceae) ^ with a large foliaceous gall, which was mistaken by Vidal for a flower bud. J)irTP]ROCA KPACE.^. DIPTEROCARPUS Gaertn. f. Dipterocarpus vernicifluus Blanco Fl. Filip. ed. 2 (1845) 31; Brandis in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 31 (J895) 31; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Snppl. 97. D. velutinus Vidal Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 59; Brandis 1. c. D. fulvus Blume Mus. Bot. 2 (1852) 37; Brandis 1. c. 40. ' This is a common and widely distributed endemic species, yielding most of the timber that enters the ^Manila market under the name of "panao." The specimens referred to this species by Vidal, Revision 59, are all sterile, and two of them are apparently Dipterocarpus grandiflorus Blanco. D. velutinus Vidal we consider to represent typical D. vernicifluus Blanco, and is accordingly reduced, as our large series of specimens agree both with Vidal's type specimen and with Blanco's description. D. fulvus Blume was based on a sterile specimen collected in the Philippines by Perrottet, and an examination of the type in Herb. Leiden shows it to be sapling leaves of D. vernicifluus. PARASHOREA Kurz. Parashorea plicata Brandis in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 31 (1895) 104. P. Warhurgii Brandis 1. c. But one species is represented in all our Philippine material. P. plicata was based on Vidal 76, 900, and 2033, all with flowers, while P. Warhurgii was based on fruits alone. We have a specimen, Bur. Sci. 3289 Ramos, with mature fruit, from the same locality as the type of P. plicata, the leaf and branch characters agreeing perfectly with Vidal's specimens; at the same time the fruits are identical with the type specimen of P. Warhurgii, which must accordingly be reduced to P. plicata. The species is not uncommon in the Philippines and is represented by the following additional specimens: Luzox, Province of Sorsogon, For. Bur. -4528 Zschokke, May, 190G; For. Bur. 515k Pray, December, 1900: Province of Rizal, Bosoboso, Bur. Sci. 1J,61, Ramos: Province,of Laguna, Santa Maria Mavitac, For. Bur. 10011 Curran; Mount Banajao, For. Bur. 8051 Curran & Merritt; Malicboi, Ritchie 51; Guina-jrangan, Bagger: Province of Camarines Sur, Pasaeao, Ahem 104, 291. Masbate, Whitford 1813. Catanduanes, For. Bur. 6619 Pray. Negbos, Gimagaan River, Whitford 1616. Mindanao, Province of Surigao, Ahem 356; For. Bur. 1563 Hutchinson.


NOTES ON PHILIPPINE BOTANY. 115 PENTACME A. DC. Pentacme contorta (Vidal) Merrill & Rolfe comb. nov. Shorea contorta Vidal Sinopsis Atlas (1883) 15, t. 15, f. Ej Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. {188G) 88; Brandis in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 31 (1895) 88; Merrill in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (190G) Suppl. 98. Pentacme paucinervis Brandis in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 31 (1895) 73. There is no doubt as to the identity of the above two species, and accordingly VidaPs name, being the earlier, is here accepted and transferred to Pentacme. The specimens on which Pentacme paucinervis was based {Vidal 79, 1166, 2176) are all in flower, no fruit being present, while of the specimens of Shorea contorta examined by Brandis {Vidal 987, 2159) the former is with fruit and the latter with immature buds, the condition of the latter no doubt accounting for the fact that Brandis was unable to distinguish in it the floral characters of Pentacme; he states morover that Shorea contorta is anomalous in its floral structure. The species is common and widely distributed in the Philippines, yielding much of the timber commercially known as Lauan. In addition to the five specimens collected by Vidal, cited above, we have also examined the following extensive series: Merrill 2772, 2691; For, Bur. 2970, 3199 Ahem*8 collector; Bur. Sci. 3258 Ramos; For. Bur. 50Jt, 511, 519, 538, 605 Barnes; Whitford 293; For. Bur. 650, 653, 821, 17JfS Borden. SHOREA Roxb. Shorea Malaanonan (Blanco) Blume Mus. Bot. 2 (1852) 34; A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16^ (1868) 631; Brandis in Journ. Linn. Sci, Bot. 31 (1895) 103; F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1880) 21. Dipterocarpus Malaanonan Bhinco Fl. Filip. ed. 2 (1845) 312; ed. 3, 2: 214. Mocanera Malaanonan Blanco Fl. Filip. ed. 1 (1837) 858. Shorea polita Vidal Sinopsis Atlas (1883) 15, t. 15. f. D; Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 61; Brandis in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot 31 (1895) 88. Luzon, Province of Rizal, Vidal 2155, 2168, 2166, 71; Loher 116; For. Bur. 1168, ^36 Ahern's collector: Province of Tayabas, Merrill 2851, 2589: Province of Nueva Ecija, Vidal 989. -Widely distributed in Luzon and rather variable. We are of the opinion that the above specimens are referable to Blanco's species and accordingly his specific name is accepted, Vidal's Shorea polita being here reduced. ANISOPTERA Korth. Anisoptera thurifera (Blanco) Blume Mus. Bot. 2 (LS52) 42; Brandis in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 31 (1895) 44. ' After examining a large series of specimens we have come to the conclusion that Anisoptera Vidaliana Brandis is scarcely distinct from Blanco's species, there being no constant characters by which the two can be distinguished. The fruit of A. Vidaliana as separated by Brandis has broader wings than does that of A. thurifera, but even this character does not appear to be constant. Two other closely related species occur in the Philippines, which may later have to be reduced, these being A. tomentosa Brandis, represented also by For. Bur. 2985 Ahern's collector, characterized by its leaves being slightly tomentose beneath, and A. calophylla Perk., which differs from typical A. thurifera by scarcely more valid characters.


PHILIPPINE DIPTEROCARPACEAE. 235 great extent. Dr. Whitford has shown that the dipterocarps in the Philippines frequently form almost solid stands over considerable areas. These stands are made up of several species. The trees are usually of large size, erect and comparatively free from prop-roots; although Pentacme, Anisoptera and some others do occasion-ally form fair-sized low prop-roots. Time of flowering and fruiting.— It is because of our ignorance of this that our knowledge of the generic position of some species is so vague. The great size of many of the trees maKes it a difficult matter to collect herbarium material from them. They stand out above the others in the forest and are much less likely to be covered with climbing vines. Much the most' practicable method of collecting herbarium material, is by chopping the tree down. As the average collector ii unwilling to take so much trouble, the material secured is often very frag-mentary, and material picked up under the tree does not furnish the safest indication of the condition of the plant. An indication of the time of flowering or fruiting is obtained by the finding of flowers or fruits on the ground under the tree. Very often the only fruiting material we have of a particular species has been so found. Indications seem to point to a very definite flowering season for some species and to a widely extended season for others. Dipterocarpus grandiflorus Blanco has been collected in flower in the months of January, February, March, April, May, June, and December; and in fruit in January, February, May, June, August, and September. The variable climatic conditions in different parts of the Islands are probably respon-sible for this. Even in the same section, as in Bataan, there is a good deal of variation, perhaps due to soil, exposure and moisture conditions. This species and a number of others seem to flower regularly every year. There are some species, as Hopea plagata (Blanco) Yu}., winch are reputed to flower only once in several years. I think it likely that most species flower, at least partially, each year. When fruit is produced, it is found in great quantity ; but, there seems to be a very low percentage of germination. The seeds lie on the surface of the ground and germinate quickly, if at all. They seem to require a fairly constant and uniform amount of moisture for germination and the seedlings die quickly if exposed to the hot sun. It seems that the seeds occasionally germinate while still on the tree. Certain species, as Shorea eximia contain fatty material in the seeds, which are greedily eaten by wild pigs and other animals. Such seeds as these disappear very quickly, within a few days after falling. t . i i Shortly after germination, the wings fall off and the thick, divided cotyledons are quickly raised on the long hypocotyl. •This Journal 4 (1910) Bot. 09<)-725.


PHILIPPINE DIPTEROCARPACEAE. 245 D. baudii Korth. in Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. (1839-42) 59, L o; Scheffer in Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. 31 (1870) 347; Kurz in Jouni. Asiat. Soc. Beng. 39' (1870) Go; A. DC. Prodr. 1. c. 600; Miq, FI. Ind. Bat. 1 = (1859) 497; Siippl. Fl. Sumatr. (1802) 485; Biirck I. c. 198. Anisoptera ? palembanica Miq. FI. Sumatr. (1862) 497; Knrz in Journ. Afiiat. Soc. Beng. 39^ (1870) 05. D. macrocarpus Vesque in Compt. Bend. 78 (1874) 027; Dyer in Journ. Bot. 12 (1874) 153. D. warhurgii Brandis in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 31 (1895) 32. D. lasiopodus Perk, in Frag. Fl. Philip. 1 (1904) 22: Merr. in Bur. Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 29 (1905) 30. D, affinis Whitford in Philip. Bur. For. Bull. 10= (1911) 70, ph. 72, 13, non Brandis. Trees 30 to 40 m high, the' younger branchlets densely covered with brush-like, fascicled, tawny, stiff hairs; stipules rose-colored, up to 15 cm long, brushy-hirsute ; leaves of younger branchlets very large, 30 fo 45 cm long and of a thinner texture, the older ones smaller, broadly oblong to ovate-oblong, obtuse or rounded at the somewhat narrowed base, on a 5 cm brushy-hirsute petiole, shortly acuminate, chartaceous, or almost coriaceous, upper surface along the impressed nerves and lower surface everywhere pubescent with short, tawny, stellate and simple hairs. Flowers showy, rose-colored, forming simple, short, axillary racemes covered with brush-like, fascicled, stiff hairs; calyx tawny-tomentose with stellate hairs ; petals oblong, blunt, several times the length of the calyx, thickly covered on their outer surface with stellate hairs; fruiting calyx ovoid, about 2.5 cm in diameter, terete, the two wing-like lobes 17 to 20 cm long, 3 to 4 cm broad, with three prominent longitudinal vems and numerous, more or less distinct, transverse veins. Fruit hard and heavy, more or less fibrous inside, and containing resin; upper portion of the fruit with or without .small obtuse, rounded protuberances, which alternate with the lobes of the calyx. Dipterocarpus warburgii Brandis and D. lasiopodus Perk were de-scribed as belonging in the Section Tuberculati, but they were described from fragmentally or immature material, which does not present very conclusive evidence of their belonging to that section. Leaf and fruit characters of D. pilosus, as shown by our collections, have shown such a range of variability that it has seemed to me best to refer the above names to synonymy. It is possible that more complete material may show them to be good species, but at present I can see no reason for keeping them distinct. Luzon, Province of Cagayan, For, Bur. 17171, 17262 Curran: Province of Nueva Ecija. For. Bur. 22U6 Alvarez, Dec. 1910, flower and young fruit For. Bur. 22345 Alvarez: Province of Tayabas, Vidal I. c, pictures a fruit of this species from the Island of Alabat, Merrill 2004, 2031 Bagger, April 1903 (these two numbers were mentioned by Perkins under D. lasiopodus), For. Bur. 6054 Kohhe, For. Bur. 10222, 10291, 10208 Curran, For. Bur. 11505 Whitford, For. 10375a


246 FOXWORTHY. Bur. 14995 Darling, Oct. 1909, in fruit, For. Bur. 1S6G8 Darling, Nov. 1909, in fruit. For. Bur, 18086 Darling, Nov. 1909, in flower, Bur. Sci. 13123 Foxworthy & Ramos, Mar. 1911, in flower and fruit: Province of Camarines, For. Bur. 10492, 10675, 10706, Curran, For. Bur. 10738, 10783 Curran, July 1908, in fruit and flower. POLILIO Bur. Sci. 10281 McGregor. Mindoro, Whitford 1404, Jan. 1906, in flower, Whitford 1477, Mar. 1906, in fruit. Marinduque, For. Bur. 12157 Rosenbluth. Samar, For. Bur. 12S38 Rosenbluth. Leyte, For. Bur. 1162S Whitford, Mar. 1909, in fruit. Mindanao, District of Davao, Warburg 14431 (type of D. warburgii), For. Bur. 11559 Whitford, Feb. 1909, flowers and young fruit: ' District of Zamboanga, For. Bur. 9395, Whitford & Hutchinson, Feb. 1908, fruit, For. Bur. 12352 Hutchinson, May 1908, flower. The flowers and young fruit show a five-ridged calyx. As the fruit matures, the hollows fill out and the fruit becomes more nearly spherical till finally the only remaining trace of the ridges is found in small, rounded protuberances, on the upper part of the fruit, alternating with the calyx lobes. The common native name for this species is hagachac. It is commonly found in those regions which have a comparatively even rainfall. It occurs on flat lands and low hills. It is gregarious in habit and frequently makes up the greater part of the stand where it occurs. Distribution: damp forests in the upper part of the Assam valley; Chittagong hills; Arracan; lower Pegu, hills between the rivers Sitang and Salween; Andaman Islands; Sumatra; Bangka; the Philippines. 2. Dipterocarpus affinis Brandis Journ. Linn. Soo. Bot. 31 (1895) 31. Plate XXXV. ' ' Branches and petioles stellate-tomentose. Leaves submembranaceous, oblanceolate, repand, blade 27 to 33 cm long; petioles 6 to 7 em. Secondary nerves 24 to 28 pairs, straight^, bent near margin and terminat-ing in reticulate intra-marginal veins. Tertiary nerves parallel and reticulate. Stipules linear, tomentose, twice as long as the petioles. Flowers large, short-pedicellate. Calyx-tube thickly coriaceous, tur-binate, smooth and glabrous, the lobes 2 linear, 3 short, reflexed. Ovary, stylopodium, and lower part of style pilose. Pubescence the same as that of D. pilosus, Braudis says that the difference between the two species consists in the narrow membranaceous leaves and the glabrous calyx of D. affinis^ the smaller segments in flower reflexed, and not erect. A number of specimens in our herbarium seem to fit this description and have fruit with them, which shows the short calyx wings slightly reflexed, but in no case is the fruit collected with the herbarium material actually attached to it, the fruits seeming to have been picked up h'on^ the ground. This leaves the suspicion that the membranaceous texture of the leaves may be due to their being young or seedling leaves, possibly immature forms of D. pilosus. The differences in the reflexed or erect calyx lobes are also very slight and might conceiveably he fortuitous or due to drying. I have checked Brandis' observation of the very close resemblance an possible identity of D. elongatus Korth. and D. affinis, and think it ;


24g FOXWORTHY. 5 Dipterocarpus gracilis Blume Bijdr. (1825) 224, FI. Javae (1828-29) 20, t. 5; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1^ (1859) 497; A. DC. Prodr. 16^ (1868) 609; Dyer in Journ. Bot. 12 (1874) 102; Burck in Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 6 (1887) 106; Brandis & Gilg in Engler & Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3" (1894) 257, f. 119, A-D; Brandis in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 31 (1895) 30. Pubescent. Leaves small, ovate-lanceolate, secondary nerves 10 to 12 pairs, stellate-pubescent beneath. Calyx in flower with two subopposite, linear lobes of about the same length as the calyx-tube, the other three lobes very short and reflexed: Petals twice as long as the calyx, linear-spatula to, obtuse, white-sericeous outside, rose-color within, convolute in bud. Stamens with short glabrous filaments; anthers twice as long as the filaments, with a long setaceous connective. Fruit 2 cm in diameter. Luzon, Province of Camarines, For. Bur, 10740 Curran, July 1908, in fruit. MINDORO, For. Bur, 4101, 4106 Merritt, May 1906, in flower and fruit. Common names : anahaun (Tag.) , apitong (Tag.). Distribution: forests of West Java; the Philippines. 6. Dipterocarpus hasseltii Blume Fl. Javae (1828-29) 22, t. 6; Dyer in Journ. Bot. 12 (1874) 102; Hance in Journ. Bot. 16 (1876) 241; A. DC. Prodr. 16 (1868) 609; Miq. Flora Ind. Bat. 1 (1859) 497; Vidal Phan. Cum. Philip. (1885) 97; Burck in Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 6 (1887) 196; Brandis in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 31 (1895) 30; Koord. & Val. Bijdr. Ken. Boomsoort. Java 5 (1900) 109; Whitford in Philip. Bur. For. Bull. 10 (1911) 70. Buds and young branchlets glabrous. Terminal buds elongate, at-tenuate, curved. Leaves much smaller than those of D. trinervis, oval, acute, base subcuneate, 11 to 18 cm long, 6 to 10 cm wide; secondary nerves 10 to 14 pairs; petiole one-third to one-fourth the length of the blade. Fruit 1 to 2 cm in diamter, the calyx-tube much constricted at the top. This species presents an appearance extraordinarily like that of D. vernicifluus, from which it differs in its more glabrous leaves and in its elongate, attenuate, curved and glabrous terminal buds. Luzon, Province of Nueva Ecija, For. Bur. 22145 Alvarez: Province of La Laguna, For. Bur, 10105 Curran. NEGROS, Gimagaan Kiver, For. Bur. 13589 Meyer & Foxworthy, Aug. 1909, in fruit. Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, For. Bur. 12350 Hutchinson. Common names: panao (Tag.), pagsahingan (Tag.). Distribution: Malacca; Sumatra; Java; the Philippines. 7. Dipterocarpus vernicifluus Blanco Fl. Filip. ed. 2 (1845) 314, ed. 3 (1878) 217, t. 183; Dyer in Journ. Bot. 12 (1874) 104; Vidal Sinopsis Atlas (1883) XV, t. 11 f. B; Rev. PI. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 59; Brandis in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 31 (1895) 31; A. DC. Prodr. 16^ (18G8) 610; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 97; Merrill & Rolfe in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. H ; Foxworthy in Philip. Journ. Sci. 2 (1907) Bot. 391, 4 (1909) Bot. 514; Merritt in Philip. Bur. For. Bull. 8 (1908) 48; Whitford in Philip. Journ. Sci. 4 (1910) Bot. 703, Whitford in Philip. Bur. For. Bull. 10^ (1911) 70, pls. 70, 71.


PHILIPPINE DIPTEROCARPACEAE. 249 4 Mocanera verniciflua Blanco Fl. Filip. (1837) 451. D fulvus Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2 (1856) 37; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1" (1859) 499; F.-Vill. Noviss. App. (1880) 20; A. DC. Prodr. 1. c. 613; Dyer 1. c. 108; Merrill & Rolfe I. e. 114. D. hispidus F.-Vill. 1. c. 20, non Thwait. Enum. PI. Zeyl. (1859) 33. D turbinatus F.-Vill. 1. c. 20, non Gaertn. f. Fruct. 3 (1805) 51. D. velutinus Vidal PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 59; Perk. Frag. Fl. Philip. (1904) 22; Merrill & Rolfe 1. c. 114. Leaves chartaceous, elliptic-oblong, acuminate ; midrib and secondary nerves (14 pairs) clothed when quite young with very long whitish hairs, some of which remain on the adult leaf; petioles long, one-third to one-fourth the length of blade. Calyx 4-or 5-angled. Anthers subulate but not aristate (Blanco). Fruit globose,' constricted at apex, not angled, 1.5 to 2 cm in diameter. Seedling leaves very much larger and more hairy than mature leaves, also very often with a larger number of secondary veins. This is, next to D. grandiflorus our best-known species. It is very widely distributed in the Archipelago and is rather variable. It is sometimes almost glabrous and may intergrade with D. hasseltii. It has been found in flower during the months of January, March, April, May, and June, and in fruit in the months of April, May, June, and July. LUZON, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 14715, 14731 Darling, For. Bur. 17168, 17211, 17238, 17261 Curran: Province of Ilocos Norte, For. 13922, 13925, 13927 Merritt & Darling: Province of Ilocos Sur, For. Bur. 14091 Merritt & Darling: Province of Isabela, For. Bur. 18552 Alvarez: Province of Pangasinan, For. Bur. 8333 Curran & Meritt, For. Bur. 13457 Medina: Province of Nueva Ecija, For. Bur. 22374 Alvarez: Province of Bulacan, For Bur. 7160 Curran For. Bur. 11156 Aguilar: Province of Pampanga, For Bur. 17736 Curran: Province of Zambales, Vidal 992, Merrill 1754 Garcia, April 1903, in flower, For. Bur. 5819, 6000, 6918, 6929 Curran, For. Bur. 13207 Cortes, For Bur. 19468 Agama: Province of Bataan, Merrill 1479 Garcia, Williams 788, March 1904, in flower, Whitford 309, 310; May 1904, in flower, Whitford 1366, 1466, For Bur. 498, 501, 505, 524, 526, 537, 539, 552, 561, 568, 577, 580, 592, 603, 609 Barnes, For. Bur. 358, 537, 556 Barnes, March 1904, in flower, For. Bur. 645, 655, 656, 661, 665, 666 Borden, April 1904, in flower and fruit, For. Bur. 810 Borden June 1904, in flower, For. Bur. 2911 Border. March 1905 in flower, For. Bur. 1404, 1408, 1524, 1526, 1532, 1537, 1612, 1634, 1685, 1688, 2131 Borden, Bur. Sci. 1568 Foxworthy, For. Bur. 5277,5946 Curran, For. Bur. 5955 Curran, January, 1907, in flower, For Bur. 7343 Curran, June 1907, in fruit, For. Bur. 12946 Alvarez: Province of Rizal, Vidal 81, 991, Merrill 2656 Ramos, June 1903, in fruit, Merrill 2836 Ramos, July 1903, in fruit, Dec. Phil. For. Fl. 36 Ahern’s Coll., March 1904, in flower, Bur. Sci. 1459 Ramos, For. Bur. 10012, 10013 Curran: Province of La Laguna, For. Bur. 10070, 10072, 10075 Curran, Bur. Sci. 8977 Foxworthy, July 1909, in fruit, For. Bur. 15096 Cortez, For. Bur. 15346, 15348 Tamesis, For. Bur. 22231 Mariano: Province of Tayabas, For. Bur. 10372 Curran, For. Bur. 10391 Curran, May 1908, in flower, For. Bur. 18650 Darling, Nov. 1909, in fruit: PRovince of Camarines, For. Bur. 10718 Curran: Province of Albay, Vidal 2163. Polillo, For. Bur 3216 Hagger, July 1904, in fruit, Bur. Sci. 10781 McGregor.


254 FOXWORTHY. minute round scales. The occurrence of these hairs and scales is very in-constant. The scales are present in all cases, though there may be but a few in some cases. The stellate hairs, on the other hand, are frequently wanting and their place may be taken by roughened scurfy patches along the under surface of the veins. In the circumference of the pith there are 18 to 24 resin-ducts, often large and close together. In the petiole, the outer low of 7 to 13 vascular bundles forms a closed line, each one containing a resin-duct. In the center is a mass of vascular tissue which is relatively free from resin-ducts. ft/ Wood white, yellowish or pinkish, no distinction between heartwood and sapwood except a slightly darker color in the heart. Xo distinct rings of seasonal growth. Slightly resinous odor when fresh, a sour and disagreeable odor if the wood has been left standing in a wet place for some time. A wood oil is present in the wood and the vessels containing it have often been mistaken for resin ducts. The oil can be secured as in Dipterocarpus though it is not commonly collected. It solidifies quickly into a more or less whitish lesin. Pith-rays of two sorts, moder-ately broad and fine. Vessels of medium size. Wood parenchyma not prominent. Wood from young trees coarse-grained, brittle, rather dif-ficult to work. "Wood from mature trees of very good quality and seems to be fairly durable, being used for planks, crossbeams, etc. There may be a definite period of leaf -fall; but, it is not as pronounced as in Dipterocarpus. The seeds germinate rather quickly after falling to the ground. The fruit is starchy and does not last long. This may be due to decay or to destruction by insects or other animals. The young seedlings do well in the shade. The flowers are borne in great quantity and are yellow. The flowering period for an individual tree is said to be not more than one month in length. The flowers arc sometimes distinctly fragrant. There are about fifteen species in the genus. Heretofore, no Philippine species has been credited to any region outside the Archipelago. It is, however, sufficiently apparent that our Anisoptera thurifera occurs in the Malay Peninsula, where it is usually identified as A, glabra and A. curtisii is here reported for the first time from these Islands. This make? A. curtisii the most widely distributed member of the genus. This genus in the Philippines gives the extreme northeastern range of the family. It also occurs almost as far north in the Philippines as it does in Burma. 1. Anisoptera brunnea sp. nov. Plate XL. Arbor magna. Folia oblanceolata vel elliptica, coriacea, superne glabra; infra tomentosa, brunnoa; lamina G ad 12' cm longa, 3.5 and 5.o cm lata, nervis secundariis utrinque 12 ad 15; petiolo 2 ad 4.5 cm longo-


PHILIPPINE DIPTEROCARPACEAE. 255 Fructus globosus 1 ad 1.5 cm diametro, tubo calycino apice valde con-stricto, calycis segmentis 2 majoribus oblanceolatis 5 ad 8 cm longis, 6 ad 10 mm latis, 3 minoribus linearibus 1-3-nei-viiP, scabris. The conspicuous thing about this species is the chocolate brown tomen-tose under surface of the leaves and the large globose fruits, which are also chocolate brown. The leaves are oblanceolate or elliptic, more or less blunt or rounded at apex and base, and the margins slightly inrolled. Secondary nerves 12 to 15 pairs with intermediate shorter nerves which join the reticulate tertiary ones. Secondary and some of the tertiary nerves more or less uniting to form intra-marginal veins. Petioles 2 to 4.5 cm long, rather slender, thickened in upper one-fourth of their length. Fruit globose, scurfy, dark-brown. The two long wings somewhat pubes-cent, with three or four principal nerves and numerous secondary' nerves which are transverse or oblique and reticulate. The three shorter wings linear, one-to three-nerved, somewhat scurfy like the fruit. Differs from A. curtisii in size, shape and color of fruit and in color of tomentum. The last feature makes it very distinct in appearance trom A, thurifera. We have this species, thus far, only from the province, of Cagayan and Ilocos Norte. The type was collected in the neighbhorhood of Camalamaiungan where it is said to grow in dense flat forest near sea level. LUZON, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 11202 Klemme, April 1908, in fruit(type), For. Bur. 4292 Klemme, June 1906, in fruit, For. Bur. 17230, 17300 Curran, For. Bur. 13128 Bernardo, May 1909, in fruit: Province of Ilocos Norte For. Bur. 14001, 14013 Merritt & Darling. Native name: afu (Cag.). 2. Anisoptera curtisii Dyer ex King in Journ. Asiat See. Beng 62 (1893) 100; Brandis & Gilg in Engler & Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam 3(1895) t. 122 F; Brandis in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 31 (1895) 42; Whitford in Philip. For. Bur. Bull. 10 (1911) 78. Plate XLI. Large tree 25 to 35 m tall, young branches slender, minutely scurfy-tomentose. Leaves oblong, tapering to both ends, the apex subacute or acute, the base narrowed but rounded ; the upper surface glabrous, shining, the lower densely ochraceous-lepidote and sparsely stellate-pubescent length 5 to 8.75 cm, breadth 1.9 to 3.1 en,, petiole 1.25 to 1.9 cm long;secondary nerves 18 to 20 pairs, spreading; accrescent calyx lobes 8.75 to 11.25 cm long, linear-spatulate, 3-nerved, the transverse veins bold and numerous. The most noticeable feature of this species is the brilliantly yellow lower surface of the leaves, the color being due to the very numerous small round scales with which the under surface is colored. These scales are apparently of the same kind as those of A. brunnea, but here they impart a yellow color to the leaf. The freshly matured fruit has a pale greenish-yellow color. The bark of mature trees is fissured, grayish in


256 FOXWORTHY. color, distinctly lighter-colored than that of A. thurifera. The wood seems to be the same in the two species, and the occurrence of a fluid resin or oil on freshly cut stumps seems also to be the same in both species. The variety latifolia King, 1. c, has been described, with leaves broadly elliptic, blunt, the bases rounded but narrowed, but I have found leaves both of this form and of the form of the type on the same tree and, therefore, do not consider the variety well founded. ■i Luzon, Province of Nueva Ecija, For. Bur. 22/S.) Alvarez (tins number has small leaves with only 14 to 16 pairs of secondary nerves and a petiole which is proportionately longer than that of the type, but it seems best to include it here) : Province of La Laguna, Bur. Sci. 8985 Foxworthy, July 1909, in fruit, For. 15353 Tamesis: Province of Camarines, For. Bur. 10700 Curran, June 1908, in fruit, For. Bur. 13358 Aguilar, July 1909, in fruit. For. Bur. 12809 Rosenbluth, For. Bur, 18723 Darling. Polillo, For. Bur. S21S Bagger, July 1905, in fruit. Native naine: dagang (Tag.) Distribution: Penang; Perak; Borneo, Lawas River; the Philippines. 3. Anisoptera thurifera (Blanco) Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2 (1856) 42; Vidal Sinopsis Atlas (1883) xv, t. 14, f. E; Brandis in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 31 (1895) 44; Merr. & Rolfe in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 115; Foxworthy in Philip. Journ. Sci. 2 (1907) 389, 4 (1909) 512, PL XXVIII, f. 74; Brandis & Gilg in Engler & Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3' (1895) 258; Merritt in Philip. Bur. For. Bull. 8 (1908) 48; Whitford in Philip. Journ. Sci. 4 (1910) Bot. 703, Pliilip. Bur. For. Bull. 10 (1911) 78, pJs. 82, 83. Mocanera thurifera Blanco Fl. Filip. (1837) 440; Merr. in Bur. Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 27 (1905 J 22. Mocanera mayapis Blanco 1. c. 449. Diptcrocarpus thurifer Blanco 1. c. ed. 2 (1845) 310: cd. 3, 2 (1878) 212, /. 26.i; F.-Vill. Noviss. App. (1880) 20. D. mayapis Blanco 1. c. ed. 2 (1845) 313; Merr. in Bur. Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 27 (1905) 21. Antherotriche lanceolata Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Moacou 19' (1846) 50li; Walpers Ann. 1 (1848) 113. Anisoptera lanceolata Walp. ex A. DO. Prodr. 16= (1868) GIO; Brandis & Gilg in Engler & Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3" (1895) /. 122 D, E; Vidal Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 97; F.-Vill. Noviss. App. (1880) 20. shorea mayapis Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2 (1850) 33. Anisoptera oblonga F.-Vill. Xoviss. App. (1880) 20; Vidal Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1880) 60; Ceron Cat. PI. Herb. (1892) 25, non Dyer in Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. 1 (1874) 301. Anisoptera vidaliana Brandis in Journ. Linn. Roc. Bot. 31 (1895) 44; Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 97; Perk. Frag. Fl. Philip. (1904) 23. Anisoptera tomentosa Brandis 1. c. Anisoptera calophylla Perk, 1. c, 22. Large trees with clean straight boles and thick, coarsely fissured; black or dark-gray bark. Leaves varying from thinly membranaceous to fairly stiff, but never thickly coriaceous, clothed below with fine round scales, which may be remote or closely crowded. The secondary ann


PHILIPPINE DIPTEROCARPACEAE. 257 F tertiary veins are sometimes irregularly scurfy. Large, branched stellate hairs are often present on the veins, but their occurrence seems to be very irregular. Leaves elliptic, shortly acuminate, on long petioles ; blade 8 to 13 cm long, 4 to 7 cm wide, petioles 3 to 4 cm long ; secondary veins 10^ to IG pairs, alternating with shorter intermediate veins. Tertiary veins parallel, joined by closely reticulate veins. Flowers in drooping panicles ; 'pedicels less than one-haU' the length of the calyx each flower supported by two, oblong, somewhat unequal, 1-to 5-nerved bracteoles Anthers glabrous, the a.vn longer than the anther. Stylopodium bell-shaped pubescent, sometimes slightly constricted above the ovary Fruit globose Lt much-constricted at top, 4 to 15 mm in diameter; calyx-wings 5 to 9 cm long and sometimes more than 1 cm broad, with three prominent longitudinal veins and numerous, more or less oblique, transverse veins. A tree of the lowland forest, ascending to 600 to 750 m above sea ^'It is possible that I am here retaining more than one distinct species under the name of A. thurifera; but, Merill & Rolfe, 1. c., ha., suggested their probable identity and I am unable now definitely to designate distinctive characters for different species. It will take a good deal field work to clear up this matter. There do seem to be two definite types of fruit, one of which is rather large, globose, 1 to 1.5 cm in diameter wJh wings 5 to 7 cm long and more than 1 cm broad, the other with smaller globose fruit, 4 to 8 mm, and longer and narrower wings. I have not been able to discover any constant leaf differences. It may be that the same tree will produce both kinds of fruit; but we do not know that to be the case. Some of the Malay Peninsula material which is identified as A. glabra certainly belongs to A. thurifera. In the incomplete state of our knowl-edge of these two species, I should hesitate to say whether or not the two are identical, but it is certain that A. thurifera does occur on the Malay Peninsula. This species has been found in the Philippines as follows LUZON, Province of Cagayan For Bur. 14736 Darling: Province of Ilocos Norte, For. Bur. 13998, 14004 Merritt a& Darling: Province of Ilocos Sur, For. Bur. 5644 Klemme, For Bur. 7111 Klemme, April 1907, in flower: Province of Abra, For. Bur. 14517, 14557, 14558 14621 Darling: Province of Pangasinan, For. Bur. 8287 Curran & Merritt, For. Bur. 13455 Medina, For Bur. 14365 Villamil: Province of Nueva Vizcaya, For. Bur. 10902 Curran, For. Bur. 22183 Alvarez: Province of Tarlac, Vidal 87: Province of Zambales, Merrill 1763 Garcia, Feb. 1903, in fruit, Merrill 1749 Garcia, April 1903, in fruit, Merrill 2935 Irey, May 1903 in fruit, For. Bur. 3228 Mule, Nov. 1904, in fruit, For. Bur. 5814, 5877, 7016 Curran, For. Bur. 8418 Curran & Merritt, For. Bur. 19467 Agama: Province of Bataan, Merrill 1518 (type number of A. calophylla Perk.), 1475 Garcia, Jan 1903, in fruit, Merrill 3154, Oct. 1903, in fruit. For. Bur. 488, 593


258 FOXWORTHY. Barnes, For. Bur. 743, 707 Borden, May 1904, in flower, For. Bur. 1317, 1322, 1409, 1527, 1641, 1667, 1675 Borden, For, Bur. 1616, 1632, 1683, 1635, 1637, 1638, 16J43, 1647, 1649, 1657, 1658, 1788, 1789 Borden, Aug. 1904, in fruit, For. Bur. 2128 Borden, Dec. 1904, in fruit, For. Bur. 2256 Meyer, Dec. 1904, in fruit, Whit-ford 352, June 1904, in flower. Whitford 1223, April 1905, in fruit, Whitford 1365, For. Bur. 1485 Ahern’s coll., July 1904, in fruit, Bur. Sci. 1627 Foxworthy, For. Bur. 5282, 5945, 7225 Curran: Province of Bulacan, Bur. Sci. 12273 Fox-worthy: Province of Rizal, Vidal 73, 83, 85, 86, 651, 1167, 2168, Merrill 1627 Ramos, Mar. 1903, in fruit, Merrill 2803 Ramos, July 1903, in fruit, For. Bur. 471 Ahern’s coll., April 1904, in flower, Dec. Phil. For. Fl. 103 Ahern's coll., May 1904, in flower, Loker 5600, Apr, 1904 (fls. yellowish, sweet-scented), Bur. iSfci. 1463, 2168 Rauios, For. Bur. 2985 Ahern's coll., Apr. 1905, in flower, For. Bur. 10005, 10006, 10019 Curran; Province of La Laguna, For. Bur 10107, 10152 Curran: Province of Camarines, For. Bur. 10761 Curran: Province of Albay, Cuming 882, in flower. For. Bur. 10609, 10617 Curran, For. Bur. 15067 Rosen-bluth. TiCAO, For. Bur, 12554 Rosenbluth. Masbate, Merrill 2766 Barnes, June 1903, in flower, Whitford 1692. Mindoro, For. Bur. 11389, 11401, 11408 Merritt. Cebu, Vidal 2165. Mindanao, Zamboanga Peninsula, For. Bur. 9135, 9371 Whitford & Hutchinson. The last two numbers may belong to a distinct species. The leaves are larger and more membranaceous and the tertiary veins much more prominent than is usually the case in A. thurifera. Our material for these two numbers is not sufficiently complete to warrant separating them from the common species at the present time. The field notes with our herbarium specimens seem to indicate that the tune of flowering for this species is during the months of April, May, and June and the time of fruiting during the months of January, February, March, April, !May, July, August, October, November, and December. Blanco, 1. c., states that this species flowers and fruits in the month of June, in the mountains of San Mateo. He also states that a hard whitish resin, which is used for incense in some of the churches, is obtained from this species. The correctness of this statement seems very doubtful, as we have not found this species to produce such a resin. There is also confusion regarding Blanco's use of common names for this species. He gives the names of lauan and sandana, which we have found to apply to other species. We have found the following native names used for this species: mayapis (Tag.); palosapis (Tag,); dagum (Tag.); dagang tia puft (Tag.); guyong or duyong (Hoc.) ; letis (Mas.). 4. Anisoptera sp. This form is as nearly as possible intermediate between A. thurifera and A, curtisii. The habit of the tree and the appearance of many of the mature leaves is that of A, thurifera. The young leaves look like those of A. curtisii and the fruits also resemble those of that species. In some of the examples listed under A. thurifera, the fruit is small and it is difficult to tell whether it is really immature A. thurifera or this form. This form has been found in the provinces of Bataan and Zambales and is represented by the following: Province of Bataan, For. Bur. 1377, 1381, 1390, 1407 Borden, July 1904, with young fruit, For. Bur. 1792 Borden. Sept. 1904, in fruit, For. Bur. 12921, 12923 Alvarez, Aug. 1909, in fruit, For. Bur. 17515 Curran, Dec. 1909, in fruit: Prov-ince of Zambales, For. Bur. 6974 Curran.


PHILIPPINE DIPTEROCARPACEAE. 261 axillary in few-flowered racemose panicles. Occasionally Two inflores-cences from one axil. Rachis of inflorescence brrownish pubescent. Fruit 3 to 4 mm in diameter, 4 to 5 mm long; resin-cavities in lower part of fruit. Fruiting calyx with 2 long wings 3.5 to 4.3 cm long and 10 to 15 mm wide, with about 9 principal veins. Wings yellow when dry, the veins being of darker color and the fruit and base of wings very dark-brown. The bases of these two larger wings are expanded so as practically to conceal the small wings. Differs from H. odorata in shape of leaves and in its thick short petioles, in size of fruit and in expanded bases of the two enlarged calyx wings; from H. plagata in its narrower leaves, shorter petioles, smaller fruit, with expanded bases to calyx wings; from H. philipinensis in fruit and the absence of the long stipules. Basilan, For. Bur. 15220 Klemme, Aug. 1910; For. Bur. 15408 Pray. Common name: dalindingan. 2. Hopea mindanensis sp. nov. Plate XLIII. Arbor magna, 12 ad 15 m alta, 25 cm diam.; foliis anguste oblongis, brevissime acuminatis, basi irregulariter cordatis, auriculatis, costa media utrinque nervis lateralibus subtus prominentibus ; lamina 15 ad 35 cm longa, 6 ad 11 cm lata, nervis lateralibus 18 ad 24; petiolo brevissimo (5 ad 15 mm), pubescente. Fructu majusculo calyce accreto cincto; calycis lobis majoribus basi ovato tumido, limbo late spathulato, apice rotundato, basim versus valde attenuato, nervis 7 percurso. MINDANAO, District of Zamboanga.. For. Bur, 9029 Whitford & Hutchinson (type). Also represented by For. Bur. 9376 ^Vh^tford d Hufchinson, Jan. 1908, For. Bur. 9376 Feb. 1908, all three numbers from the same locality. This species differs from H. philippinensis in the larger size of leaves and fruit, the pubescent petioles and the auriculate leaf-bases. Common name: magasusu. 3. Hopea philippinensis Dyer in Journ. Bot. 16 (1878) 100; Vidal in Rev. Pl. Vase. Filip. (1886) 62; Brandis in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 31 (1895) 64, Everett & Whitford in Philip. Bur. For. Bull. 5 (1906) 16, 28, 53 ; Foxworthy in Phillip. Journ. Sci. 4 (1909) Bot. 515; Whitford in Philip. Bur. For. Bull. 10 (1911) 75, pl. 79. A medium-sized tree with thin, dark-colorod bark. Leaves thinly coriaceous, narrowly oblong, caudate-acuminate, base very unequal-siada, obtuse and almost glabrous, midrib and the 17 to 22 pairs of secondary nerves prominent beneath; domatia conspicuous ; leaf-blade 10 to 15 cm long, 3 to 5 cm wide; petiole very short, 6.5 mm long, black and wrinkled. Panicle rather short, terminal or lateral, usually appearing from the branches below the leaves, i. e., from the axils of fallen leaves. Fruits with two, long, spathulate calyx-lobes, 6.5 to 7.5 cm long and 2 cm wide very much narrowed toward the base. Fruit red when fresh, sometimes becoming chocolate-color on drying. 103750 3


/ 262 FOXWORTHY. Probably the most prominent feature in the fresh material is the linear-lanceolate acute stipules, 2 to 3.5 cm long,-some of which persist in the dried material. Luzon, Province of La Laguna, For. Bur. 17650 Curran, Feb. 1910, in flower: Province of Tayabas, For. Bur. 10194, 10376 Curran, For. Bur. 10389 Curran, May 1908, in fruit, For. Bur. 11503 Whitford, For. Bur. 12516 Rosenbluth, For. Bur. 14939, 18636, 18662 Darling, For, Bur. 23017 Aguilar: Province of Cama-rines. For. Bur. 10705 Curran: Province of Albay, Cuming 879, in fruit, For. Bur. 10578, 10619 Curran. Leyte, For. Bur. 12738 Rosenbluth, Mar. 1909, in flower. Negros, Province of Negros Occidental, For. Bur. 7270 Everett, May 1907, in fruit. For. Bur. 7298 Everett, April 1907, in fruit. For. Bur. 13757 Foxnworthy, For. Bur. 15030 Danao, Mar. 1908, in fruit, For. Bur. 17357, 17492, 17496 Curran. Mindanao, Subprovince of Butuan, For. Bur. 7588 Hutchinson. Native names: guisoc-guisoc (V.), manguitarem (Tag., B.), paina (B.). 4. Hopea plagata (Blanco) Vidal Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 62; Brandis in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 31 (1895) 64; Foxworthy in Philip. Journ. Sci. 2 (1907) Bol. 396, 4 (1909) Bot. 515; Merritt in Philip. Bur. For. Bull. 8 (1908) 48; Whitford in Philip. Journ. Sci. 4 (1910) Bot. 715, in Philip. Bur. For. Bull. 10^2 (1911) 73, pls. 76, 77. Mocanera plagata Blanco Fl. Filip. ed. 1 (1837) 447. Dipterocarpus plagatus Blanco Fl. Filip. ed. 2 (1845) 311. Anisoptera plagata Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat, 2 (1856) 42; A. DC. Prodr. 16^2 (1868) 616. ^ Shorea reticulata F.-Vill. Noviss. App. 21, non Dyer in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1 (1874) 307. Hopea odorata var.? Vidal Sinopsis Atlas (1883) xv, t. 15, f. A, l-4. Large trees with thick, fissured, black bark. Leaves chartaceous or thinly coriaceous, glabrous, lanceolate, 8 to 12 cm long, 3 to 5 cm wide, entire, apex acuminate, base cuneate; secondary nerves 8 to 12 pairs, with domatia in their axils on under side of leaf; petiole 1.5 to 2.5 cm long. Young leaves are distinctly viscid. I have not seen the species in flower. Blanco says that there are more than 30 stamens and no style. Fruit conical, 12 to 13 mm long, 5 to 6 mm in diameter, smooth, shining, brown, with 2 long calyx-lobes, 3 to 3.5 cm long and 7 to 9 mm wide, oblanceolate and often more or less irregular, with about 8 principal veins; the three smaller calyx-lobes overlapping, blunt or acute at the apex and less than half the length of the fruit. Luzon, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 17240, 17299 Curran: Province of IIocos Norte, For. Bur. 13052 Paraiso: Province of Nueva Vizcaya, For. Bur. 18403 Alvarez: Province of Nueva Ecija, Vidal 84, For. Bur. 8429 Curran, For. Bur. 14308 Saroca: Province of Pangasinan, For. Bur. 8292 Curran & Merritt, For. Bur. 12981 Alvarez, For. Bur. 13492, 13523 Medina, For. Bur. UfSSO Villamill: Province of Zambales, For. Bur. 5905, 5919, 6928, 6930 Curran, For. Bur. 6017 Aguilar, For. Bur. 8122, 8124 Curran & Merritt, For. Bur. 11043 Zschokke, For. Bur. 13200 Cortes: Province of Bataan, For. Bur. 17625 Curran (this specimen is very fragmentary and of doubtful determination) : Province of Bulacan, For. Bur. 11151 Aguilar, Bur. Sci. 12270 Foxworthy: Province of Tayabas, For. Bur, 453l Kobbe, June 1906, in fruit, For. Bur. 11515 Whitford, For. Bur. 22167 Alvarez: Province of Sorsogon, For. Bur. 10623 Curran. Mindoro, For. Bur.


PHILIPPINE DIPTEROCARPACEAE. 263 12028 Merritt. Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, For, Bur. 6565, 9496 Hutchin-son, For. Bur. 9040, 9289 Whitford & Hutchinson. Basilan, For. Bur. 12369 Hutchinson. Many of our specimens are fragmentary and it is quite possible that there may be more than one species in the material cited above. The following numbers seem to belong to what Whitford 12 calls black yacal. The chief apparent difference in herbarium material seems to be that the leaves are a little broader and, perhaps, more inclined to be coriaceous. In drying, the leaves turn very dark and are more or less covered above with a glaucescence. Luzon, Province of Pangasinan, For. Bur, 19445 Agama: Province of Zam-bales, For. Bur. 13201, 13202 Cortes. Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, For. Bur. 9004 Whitford & Hutchinson. This species produces a resin or gum dammar, which is sometimes collected by the natives and used for torches. The flowering time of this species is not understood. Blanco, l. c, says that it flowers only in the month of March. In some sections, the people tlaim that it flowers only once in five or seven years. Native names: yacal (Tag.), saplongan (Tag.), siggay (Cag.), betic (11.), guisoc (B., V., Moro), taggai (II.)-5. Hopea sp. "Naric." Leaves narrowly oblong, 5 to 10 cm long, I6 to 26 mm wide, apex long-caudate-acuminate, base rounded, secondary nerves 10 to 12 pairs, with domatia in. their axils. Petiole 3 to 5 mm long. Stipules, early deciduous. Luzon, Province of Cagayan. For. Bur. 6497, 13414 Klemme. The following two numbers probably do not belong here; but, I do not know where else to place them. Luzon, Province of Bataan, For. Bur. 589 Barnes, Mar. 1904. Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, For. Bur. 9404 Whitford & Hutchinson, Feb. 1908. 6. Hopea sp. "Gyam." This large tree seems to be the same as that which occurs under the same name in the eastern part of British North Borneo. The bark is thin and brownish. The wood is a very heavy and very hard yacal. A tree of rather gregarious habit, growing on low flat lands near the coast. The leaves are elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate or narrowly oblong, 3 to 6 cm long and 1.5 to 2 cm wide, apex bluntly caudate-acuminate, base cuneate; secondary nerves 5 to 7 pairs, with very large domatia in their axils on the under side. Perhaps the most distinct species which we have in the genus. A single sterile specimen from Tawi Tawi, For. Bur,: 13380, collected by W. Schuck, June, 1910. 7. Hopea ovalifolia Boerl. in Cat. Hort. Bot. Bog. 1 (1899) 102. The description of this species is very meager and is from sterile material ; but we have a sheet from the garden at Buitenzorg, determined by Dr. Boerlage as this species and it seems to correspond quite closely to a collection of ours, also sterile. "Philip. Bur. For. Bull. 10^2 (1911) 73.


264 FOXWORTHY. Leaves oval 12 to 18 cm long, 7 to 10 cm wide, shortly acuminate, secondary nerves about 12 arcuate-ascending, rather prominent on under side of leaf, the younger parts minutely lepidote, Mindanao, District of Zamboanga, For. Bur. 9133, 9374, Whitford & Hutchin son, Dec. 1907, Jan. 1908. Sect. II. Petalandra Hassk. (genus). Secondary nerves conspicuous, not approximate, not more than 20 pairs ; tertiany nerves generally parallel, approximate, but not conspicuous. Stamens 10, on broad short filaments, which are sometimes monadelphous. Stylopodium either wanting, or a fleshy rim or tube on the top of the truncated ovary. The only Philippine species which we know to belong to this section is the following. 8. Hopea acuminata Morr. in Bur. Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 29 (1905) 30; Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 98; Foxworthy in Philip. Journ. Sci. 2 (1907) Bot. 389, 4 (1909) Bot. 514, pl 27, f. 68; Whitford in Philip. Journ. Sci. 4 (1910) Bot. 703, Philip. Bur. For. Bull. 10^2 (1911) 75, pl. 80. A tree reaching a height of 40 m, with broadly lanceolate, narrowly acuminate, glabrous leaves, 8 cm long or less, and small flowers m uni-lateral racemes, which are arranged in terminal and axillary panicles. . Branches nearly black when dry, glabrous, striate. Leaves 4 to 8 cm long, 2 to 3 cm wide, submembranaceous, shining above, the base inequilateral, rounded at least on one side of the lamina, the apex long-slender-acmninate; nerves 8 to 10 pairs, rather prominent beneath; petioles 5 to 8 mm long, rugose, glabrous. Inflorescence grayish-stellate-pubescent, the panicles 5 to 6 cm long or less, the spicate branches 1.5 cm long or less. Calyx rusty-pubescent, the sepals 5, imbricate, the outer two slightly larger than the inner. Petals slightly pubescent on the outside, falcate, 4 mm long, 1.8 mm wide, obtuse. Stamens 10; filaments thick; anthers 0.4 mm long, the single appendage slender, equaling the anther m length. Ovary glabrous, 3-celled, each cell 2-ovuled; style short; stylopodium none. Fruit glabrous, the two wings oblong, about 2 cm long, 5 mm wide, the apex rounded. A tall tree, with a slender, straight trunk, growing in the hill forests from an altitude of 100 to about 800 m above the sea. Luzon, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 17209 Curran: Province of Ilocos Norte, For, Bur. 13869, 13874 Merritt & Darling: Province of Nueva Vizcaya, For. Bur. 10887 Curran, For. Bur. 18028 Merritt: Province of La Union, For. Bur. Paraiso: Province of Pangasinan, For. Bur. 14357 Villamil: Province of Tarlac, For. Bur. 1515405 Agama: Province of Nueva Ecija, For. Bur. 22387, 22390 Alvarez: Province of Bulacan, Bur. Sci. 12269 Foxworthy: Province of Bataan, For Bur. 786 Borden, May 1904, in flower, (type), Whitford 335, May 1904, in flower, For. Bur. 1175, 1245 Borden, For. Bur. 1592 Borden, Aug. 1904, in fruit; Merrill 3864, Aug. 1904, in fruit, Bur. Sci. 1563 Foxicorthy, For. Bur. 7497, 17565 Curran,


PHILIPPINE DIPTEROCAEPACEAE. 265 For Bur. 7504, Curran, Sept. 1907, in fruit: Province of La Laguna, For. Bur. 10115 Curran, For. Bur. 12684, Rosenbluth & Tamesis, For. Bur. 11721 Whitford, For Bur 13349 Tamesis: Province of Tayabas, For. Bur. 7095 Kobbe, May 1907, in flower, For. Bur. 10385, 10390 Curran, For. Bur. 11510 Whitford, For. Bur. 18653 Darling, For. Bur. 23002 Aguilar: Province of Camarines, For. Bur. 4532 Barredo, For. Bur. 10459 Curran: Province of Albay. For. Bur. 15070 Rosenbluth: Province of Sorsogon, For. Bur. 4525 Zschokke, For. Bur. 5751 Pray. Mindoro, For Bur. 7174 Merritt. Leyte, For. Bur. 12728 Rosenbluth. Mindanao, Province of Misamis. For. Bur. 15472 Pray: District of Davao, For. Bur. 11557 Whitford Native names: mangachapuy (Tag., V.), dalindingan (Tag.), barosingsing (Iloc.). Sect III. Dryobalanoides. Secondary nerves numerous, approximate, not prominent, and often obscure. Stamens 15. Stylopodium in some species wanting, indicated by a hairy ring. 9. Hopea pierrei Hance in Journ. Bot. 15 (1877) 329 ; Brandis jn Journ. Linn. Soe Bot. 31 (1895) 67, pl. 2, f. 10; Foxworthy in Philip. Journ. Sci. 4 (1909) Bot. 515; Whitford in Philip. Bur. Fox. Bull. 10^2 (1911) 76. H. micrantha Hance in Journ. Bot. 14 (1876) 242, non Hook f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 23 (1862) 161. Hancea pierrei Pierre Fl. For. Cochinch. (1891) t. 248. Medium-Sized trees ; branchlets glabrous, only petioles and ramifications of inflorescence slightly puberulous; small hairy glands (domatia) usually found in axils of secondary nerves. Flowers drooping, pedicellate, in unilateral racemes, these distichous and regularly alternating, forming short axillary racemose panicles. Bracteoles ciliate. Calyx glabrous; petals sericeous outside; awn of connective more than twice as long as the anther. Stylopodium glabrous as well as ovary, constricted below; style very short; stigma obtuse. Fruit ovoid, slightly acuminate very tightly enclosed by the 5 calyx-segments which are indurated at the base. Both cotyledons bifid to base, the radicular somewhat larger; hypocotyl half the length of embryo, cotyledons filled with starch. Luzon, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 17075, 17206, 17256 Curran: Province of Pangasinan, For. bur. 9638 Zschokke; Province of Nueva Ecija, Bur. Sci. 13702 Foxworthy, For. Bur. 22195 Alvarez: Province of Zambales, For. Bur. 8231 Curran & Merritt: Province of La Laguna, For. Bur. 10150, 10157 Curran, For. Bur. 15352 Tamesis, Bur. Sci. 8982 Foxworthy, For. Bur. 17638, 17645 Curran, Feb 1910, in fruit, For. Bur.22499, 22500 Mariano: Province of Tayabas, Whit ford 792, Sept 1904, with young flowers, For. Bur. 12810 Rosenbluth: Province of Camarines, For. Bur. 10579, 10618 Curran: Province of Sorsogon, For. Bur. 10599, 10627 Curran. Polillo, Bur. Sri. 10285 McGregor. Mindoro, For. Bur. 6726 Merritt, April 1907, in flower, For. Bur. 8742, 11399, 12072 Merritt. Negros, Province of Negros Occidental, For. Bur. 17365 Curran. Common names: dalindingan isak (Tag.), malatagum (B.), makitarem (Sor.), lito (Sor.), mangachapuy (T., V.), pisak (Cag.). Distribution: Cambodia, Singapore, Borneo and the Philippines


266 FOXWORTHY. 10. Hopea sp. A form which differs from H. pierrei in having usually more uniform, smaller and narrower leaves and green, short-stalked fruit. The leaves seem to be without domatia. It is possible that some of the sterile material which has been referred to H. pierrei, may belong to this species and the next. A single collection from the Island of Sibuyan, Elmer 12071, March 1910, in fruit. 11. Hopea sp. This differs from H. pierrei in having a much larger fruit, which is sometime glutinous. Sibuyan, Elmer 12289, April 1910, in fruit. Luzon, Province of La Laguna, Phil PL. 397 Ramos, August 1910, in fruit. 4. PENTACME A. DC. Sepals strongly imbricate. Petals broad, spreading. Stamens 15. Anthers oblong, on short broad filaments. Anther-cells equal, each pro-longed into a short appendix; the connective also prolonged, so that each anther has 5 apical appendages. Ovary glabrous, prolonged into a conical stylopodium; style filiform, glabrous. Stigma obtuse, indistinctly 3-toothed. The three outer segments of fruiting-calyx much larger than the others, narrowed into a stalk, but expanding into a broad base, which is adpressed to the lower portion of the fruit but does not enclose it. Four species known, two from the eastern Indian peninsula and two from the Philippine Islands. The wood is the least durable of any of our dipterocarps, but is considerably used because it is so abundant and readily worked and it is very satisfactory for purposes of temporary construction. There is quite a little resin present in the wood, but so far as I know, it is not used commercially. Pith with 12 to 25 resin-canals. Petiole with a semicircle of 7 to 9 vascular bundles, each with one resin-canal; 3 resin-canals in the central mass. 1. Pentacme contorta (Vidal) Merrill & Rolfe in Phil. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 115; Merritt in Philip. Bur. For. Bull. 8 (1908) 48; Whitford in Philip. Journ. Sci. 4 (1910) Bot. 703, Philip. Bur. For. Bull. 10^2 (1911) 62, pls. 56, 57; Foxworthy in Philip. Journ. Sci. 4 (1909) Bot. 511, 516. Shorea contorta Vidal Sinopsis Atlas (1883) xv, t. 15, f. E; Rev. Pl. Vase. Filip. (1886) 88; Brandis in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 31 (1895) 88; Merr. jn Phil. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 98; Foxworthy in Philip. Journ. Sci. 2 (1907) Bot. 386. Pentacme paucinervis Brandis in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 31 (1895) 73; Merrill & Rolfe in Phil. Journ. Sci. 1. e.


PHILIPPINE DIPTEROCARPACEAE. 267 Leaves glabrous, ovate, acuminate, margin undulate or entire; secondary nerves 6 pairs; tertiary nerves parallel, not conspicuous, joined by reticulate veins. Anthers linear; appendix of connective very short. Ovary glabrous; style cylindric, articulate with ovary, stigma minutely papillose. Wings of fruiting-calyx twisted, very unequal, the two largest 7 to 13 cm long, with 10 to 12 prominent nerves, the third 6.5 cm long, the others much smaller. Fruit tomentose, acuminate ; base of fruiting-calyx pubescent. The number of secondary nerves is rather variable as is also the size of the fruit. This is the commonest and most widely distributed species of the family in the Islands. It is probable that it occurs in every province. Luzon, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 7088 Klemme, For. Bur. 14726, 14734, Darling, For. Bur. 16930, 16963, 17163, 17186 Curran: Province of Isabela, For. Bur. 14840 Darling, For. Bur. 18557 Alvarez: Province of Ilocos Norte, For. Bur. 13823, 13854, 13923, 14002 Merrit & Darling: Province of Ilocos Sur, For. Bur. 14092 Merritt & Darling: Province of Abra, For. Bur. 14663 Darling: District of Bontoc, For. Bur. 17013 Curran: Subprovince of Bengnet, For. Bur. 10804 Curran: Province of Nueva Vizcaya, For. Bur. 18411 Alvarez: Province of Pangasinan, For. Bur. 8282 Curran & Merritt, For. Bur. 14364 Villamil: Province of Nueva Ecija, For. Bur. 8493 Curran, Bur. Sci. 12297 Foxworthy, For. Bur. 22388 Alvarez: Province of Tarlac, Vidal 79: Province of Bulacan, For. Bur. 11152 Aguilar, Bur. Sci. 12203 Foxworthy : Province of Zainbales, For. Bur 5810, 5904, 6916 Curran, For. Bur. 19462 Agama: Province of Bataan, For. Bur. 504 511, 519, 534, 536, 538, 605, 598, Barnes. Dec. Phil. For. Fl. 72 Barnes, Jan. 1904. in flower, For. Bur. 650, 653 Borden, April 1904, in flower, Whitford 293, May 1904, in flower, For. Bur. 677 Borden, May 1904, in flower For. Bur. 821 Borden, June 1904, with immature fruit, For. Bur. 1748 Border, Aug. 1904, mature fruit. Bur. Sci. 1555, 1626 Foxworthy, For. Bur. 5281,5961, 17609 Curran, For. Bur. 6367 Curran, Mar. 1907, in flower: Province of Rizal, Vidal 987, 2167, Merrill 2697 Ramos, June 1903 in flower, For. Bur. 2970 Ahern’s coll., Apr. 1905, in fruit, For. Bur. 3199 Ahern’s coll., July 1905, in flower, Bur. Sci. 109 Foxworthy, Bur. Sci. 1464 Ramos, Bur. Sci. 3258 Ramos, June 1907, in fruit, For. Bur. 10009, 10036, 10042 bis Curran, Bur. Sci. 4635 Ramos: Province of La Laguna, For. Bur. 7902 Curran & Merrit, For. Bur. 22232 Mariano: Province of Tayabas, For. Bur. 6070 Kobbe, For. Bur. 10175, 10398 Curran, For. Bur. 11504 Whitford, For. Bur. 14990, 18690 Darling, Oct., Dec. 1909, in fruit: Province of Camarines, For. Bur. 10447, 10735 Curran, For. Bur. 10659 Curran, June 1908, in flower, For. Bur. 10721 Curran, July 1908, in flower, For. Bur. 13356 Aguilar, For. Bur. 14337 Aguilar, July 1909, with immature fruit: Province of Albay, For. Bur. 10593, 10615 Curran: Province of Sorsogon, For. Bur. 5168 Bridges, For. Bur. 10559 Curran, June 1908, in flower. Polillo, For. Bur. 3217 Hagger, July 1904, fruit, Bur. Sci. 6831 Robinson, Aug. 1909, fruit, Bur. Sci. 10379 McGregor. Marinduque, For. Bur. 12155 Rosenbluth. Masbate, Merrill 2772 Barnes, June 1903, in flower. Mindoro, Whitford 1395, For. Bur. 4480 Merritt, June 1906, in flower, For. Bur. 9910 Merrit, April 1908, immature fruit, For. Bur. 8682, 12012 Merrit. Samar, For. Bur. 12853, 12651 Rosenbluth. Negros, For. Bur. 17349, 17417, 17487 Curran, For. Bur. 17367, 17432 Curran, Sept. 1909, in fruit. Mindanao, Subprovince of Agusan, For. Bur. 7597 Hutchinson: District of Davao, For. Bur. 11564 Whitford: District of Lanao. Mrs. Cle-


268 FOXWORTHY. mens 247, Feb. 1906, in flower: District of Zamboanga, For. Bur. 9042, 9184 Whitford & Hutchinson. Basilan, For. Bur. 4OO4 Hutchinson, Feb. 1906, with immature fruit, For. Bur. 4813 Hutchinson, July 1906, fruit. This species has been collected in flower in the months of January, February, March, April, May, June, and July, and in fruit in the months of February, April, June, July, August, September, October, and December. Native names: lauan (Tag.), balac (Cag. Negrito), apnit (Cag., Iloc), balocbac (Negrito), malaanonan (Tag.), danlig (V.). 2. Pentacme sp. Leaves broadly oblongs shortly and abruptly acuminate, base rounded; stipules 2 to 3 cm long, 7 to 8 mm wide, lanceolate or oblanceolate ; secondary nerves about 15 pairs. Young shoots, petioles and underside of leaves covered with a grayish tomentum. Wood soft and white, with much the same structure as that of P. contorta but finer-grained. Bark dark and fissured. A tree of the low flat forest near the beach. Luzon, Province of Tayabas, For, Bur. 10333 Curran. This form seems to show some points of resemblance to Pentacme siamensis Kurz. 5. SHOREA Roxb. Large resinous trees; stipules in a few species large and persistent, in most small and early deciduous. Leaves chartaceous or coriaceous; secondary nerves prominent; tertiary nerves mostly parallel. Flowers as a rule in unilateral spikes or racemes, these distichous and regularly alternating on the branches of large axillary and terminal panicles. Each flower subtended by two, mostly deciduous, in a few species persistent and conspicuous, bracts. Sepals strongly imbricate, always hairy outside, and often inside also, on the margin of a broad obconical receptacle. Petals oblong, rarely ovate-oblong, hairy on the outside. Stamens generally 15, in some species more. Anther-cells generally equal; connective prolonged into a pointed appendage, generally longer than the anther, sometimes short or wanting. Segments of fruiting calyx with their broad bases tightly enclosing the fruit, the three outer ones generally longer than the others and much longer than the fruit. Ripe seed generally without albumen. Cotyledons thick, fleshy, generally both bifid to their base, that is to the point where they are attached to the apex of the hypocotyl (radicle) or to the petioles. Pith with 3 to 30 perimedullary resin-canals, with now small now wide lumen. The structure of the petiole is various; usually it shows the characteristic form; viz., a semicircle of 7 to 9 isolated vascular bundles with alternating resin-canals and a central bundle-system without resin-canals; in other species there is found a central bundle system with no or 1 to 3 resin-canals. The largest genus in the family; with more than 90 species, with 14 species in the Philippines. Of our Philippine species four, S. balangeran, S. eximia, S. squamata, and S. teysmanniana are extra-Philippine in distribution.


270 FOXWORTHY. pubescent on both sides. Racemes equalling or shorter than the leaves. Bracts subrotund, glabrous within pubescent and ciliate without, yellow, 4 mm long, 3 mm wide. Calyx laciniae lanceolate, outside covered with simple, adpressed, cinereous, sericeous hairs, glabrous within. Petals three or four times as long as the calyx, oblong, glabrous within, sericeous without. Stamens 15; appendix to connective sometimes longer than the anther cells. The three larger segments of the fruiting calyx oblan-ceolato, obtuse, 6-nerved, transverse veins distinct, margin minutely ciliate, clear, base dilated, sparsely villous with stellate hairs. Fruit ovoid, acuminate. Only the immature fruit has been described. None of our collections are in fruit and only one in flower. The sterile material shows a very great range of variability in shape and texture, and it is altogether probable that the following list contains representatives of what will prove to be several distinct species when we have more complete material for study. From observations made by different foresters it seems that this species and Hopea plagata produce wood of almost the same quality and appearance, but that the trees may be distinguished by the bark, which is thick, black and coarsely furrowed in H. plagata and thin, gray and not coarsely furrowed in this species. Both furnish a high grade of the timber known as yacal, which corresponds very closely to the selangan batu of Borneo and the thingan of Burma. LUZON, Province of Pangasinan, For. Bur. 8278, 8279 Curran & Merritt, For. Bur. 9635 Zschokke, For. Bur. 13478, 13487 Medina, For. Bur. 14390 Villamil: Province of Zambales, For. Bur. 6507 Aguilar, For. Bur. 6931 Curran, For. Bur. 11045 Zschokke, For. Bur. 13203, 13204, 13205 Cortes, For. Bur. 19469 Agama: Province of Tayabas, For. Bur. 1, 5 Ware, For. Bur. 6065 Kobbe, For. Bur. 7096 Kobbe, May 1907, in flower, For. Bur. 12501 Rosenbluth, For. Bur. 18651 Darling, Bur. Sci. 13117, 13118, 13119, 13120 Foxworthy & Ramos: Province of Camarines, For. Bur. 10643, 10647, 10674, 10730 Curran, For. Bur. 11519, 11522, 11525 Whitford, For. Bur. 13352 Aguilar: Province of Albay, Cuming 884, For. Bur. 15002 Aldor, For. Bur. 18716 Darling. Leyte, For. Bur. 12732, 12899. Rosenbluth. Mindanao, District of Davao, For. Bur. 11562 Whitford: District of Zamboanga, For. Bur. 9031 Whitford & Hutchinson. Common names: yacal, guisoc, guisoc-amarillo, guisoc-guisoc, pamayawasin, yamban puti. Distribution: Borneo; Madjang; Bangka; the Philippines. 2. Shorea malaanonan (Blanco) Blume in Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2 (1856) 34; A. DC. Prodr. 16^2 (1868) 631; Brandis in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 31 (1895) 103; Foxworthy in Phil. Journ. Sci. 2 (1907) Bot. 386; Merrill & Rolfe in Phil. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 115: F.-Vill. Noviss. App. (1880) 21; Whitford in Philip. Bur. For. Bull. 10^2 (1911) 64. Mocanera malaanonan Blanco Fl. Filip. (1837) 858. Dipterocarpus malaanonan Blanco Fl. Filip. ed. 2 (1845) 312. Shorea polita Vidal Sinopsis Atlas (1883) xv, t. 15 f. D; Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 61; Brandis l. c. 88; Merrill & Rolfe l. c. 115. Euphoria malaanonan Blanco Fl. Filip. ed. 1 (1837) 286 (289 sphalm.) Euphoria ? nephelium Blanco Fl. Filip ed. 2 (1845) 200.


PHILIPPINE DIPTEROCARPACEAE. 271 A translation of Blanco's original description for Mocanera malaanonan is as follows: Leaves ovate, lanceolate, broad, abruptly pointed, whitish beneath. Calyx divided almost to the base into five oblong parts, constricted a little above the fruit; the three exterior more than 7.5 cm long. Fruit oval, free at maturity, surrounded by the calyx, outer covering fragile, crowned with a long style, which bears three stigmas, and with a seed of three or four lobules in a compartment. Trees of some diameter, known at Angat by the rather equivocal name of malaanonang; the leaves have a length of a span, they are broad and the new ones are whitish and soft beneath. This distinguishes it sufficiently from other members of the genus. The tree also gives an odorous resin, but in small quantity. Vidal's description of S. polita evidently refers to a narrower form and is as follows : Leaves lanceolate-elliptic, acute at apex, rounded at base, the margin somewhat undulate; leaf blade 6 to 12 cm by 2 to 4 cm petiole 2 to 3 cm ;. lateral nerves 12 to 15 pairs, slightly ascending (about 60°) not very distinct, very smooth in the interspaces. Fruiting calyx of a brilliant gray, the part which envelops the nut very round, with three long, usually unequal (5 to 8 cm) wings and 2 short and narrow (3 cm) reddish-yellow which are much reticulated and with about 10 nerves It seems that a narrow-leaved and a broad-leaved form of malaanonang are recognized by the natives, but they seem to be connected by intermediate forms and it is for that reason that the two are here classed as one species. Closely resembling S. coriacea Burck but with larger and more nearly glabrous fruit. Perhaps the same species which was deseribed a S. hypocra by Hance from Cochinchina, but usually with a smaller number of secondary nerves. LUZON, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 4279 Klemme, June 1906, in fruit: Province of Ilocos Sur, For. Bur. 13039 Paraiso: Province of Nueva Ecija, For. Bur. 8450, 8480 Curran, For. Bur. 22103 Alvarez: Province of Pangasinan, For. Bur. 12979, 12980 Alvarez, May 1910, in fruit: Province of Zambales, For. Bur. 6023 Aguilar: Province of Rizal, Vidal 71, 2155, 2166, 2168, For. Bur. 2685 Ahern’s coll., Jan. 1905, in flower, For. Bur. 2990 Ahern’s coll., Apr.1905, in flower and fruit, Bur. Sci. 1420 Ramos: Province of Tayabas, For. Bur. 3233 Hagger, Feb. 1905, in flower. The following numbers represent the narrow-leaved form and seem to fit Vidal’s description of S. polita: LUZON, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 11306 Klemme, Apr. 1908, with immature fruit: Province of Nueva Ecija, Vidal 989 (type): Province of Zambales, For. Bur. 5915 Curran: Province of Rizal, For. Bur. 436 Ahern’s coll., Feb. 1904, in flower, For. Bur. 1168 Ahern’s coll. June 1904, in flower, Loher 5599, Feb. 1906, in flower: Province of Tayabas, Merrill 2851 Clark & Barnes, Apr. 1903, in flower, Merrill 2589 Ware, June 1903, in fruit, For. Bur. 18648 Darling. Common names: malaanonan (Tag.), danlig (Tay.), loan puti (N. E.), mangasinoro (Tay.).


272 FOXWORTHY. 3. Shorea philippinensis Brandis in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 31 (1895) 88. Petioles and inflorescence pubescent with stellate hairs. Leaves elliptic, underside pubescent with stellate hairs; leaf-blade 3 to 7 cm long; petioles up to 1 cm long; secondary nerves about 10 to 12, tertiary nerves inconspicuous. Bracts enclosing the buds subpersistent; anthers linear, long-aristate; appendage filiform, longer than anther. Ovary with base of style puberulous, style filiform glabrous exceeding the ovary; stigma minute. LUZON, Province of Bulacan, Vidal 983: Province of Bataan, For. Bur. 717 Borden: Province of Tayabas, For. Bur. 6068 Kobbe. TICAO, For. Bur. 12553 Rosenbluth. LEYTE, For. Bur. 12885 Rosenbluth. A very imperfectly known species. All of the material in our herbarium is sterile. The wood of some of the numbers credited to this very light-colored and soft, of some of the others it is red. It is very likely that some of the numbers are wrongly identified. 4. Shorea sp. aff. S. harmandii Pierre. A large tree, 30 m high and 75 cm in diameter. Wood white to brownish, soft; wood-parenchyma lines and lines of resin-canals inconspicuous or wanting. Vessels in more or less regular patterns. Wood resembling that of Pentacme in appearance. Leaves elliptic, coriaceous, pallid above and beneath when dry, the very young leaves being darker in color; bluntly acuminate at apex, rounded or subcordate at base. Secondary nerves 12 to 15 pairs, tertiary nerves distinct and parallel. Leaf-blades 5 to 9 cm long, 3 ti 5 cm wide. Petioles short, 8 to 9 mm long, and pubescent. Stipular bracts enclosing the bud, triangular-ovate, rather large and semipresistent, with several longitudinal nerves. Stipules leaving a very distinct scar on falling. Twigs dark-colored, pubescent, with short internodes. Fruit ovoid, about 1 cm long and about the same diameter, enclosed by the bases of the calyx-lobes; the 3 long calyx-wings oblong-spatulate, 7 cm long, 16 mm wide, with 10 to 12 longitudinal and numerous cross veins, the 2 short calyx-wings 4 to 6 cm long and 5 to 6 mm wide, with only 5 or 6 longitudinal nerves. Fruit green when fresh, reddish-brown when dry. LUZON, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 17158 Curran, Mar. 1909, in fruit, For. Bur. 7084 Klemme: Province of La Laguna, For. Bur. 17652 Curran. Common names: stray (Cag.) danlig or white tiaong (Lag.), canacan (Neg.). 5. Shorea guiso (Blanco) Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2 (1856) 34; Vidal Sinopsis Atlas xv, t. 15, f. C; Perk. Frag. Fl. Philip. (1904) 23; Brandis in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 31 (1895) 89; Merr. in Phil. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 98; Foxworthy in Phil. Journ. Sci. 2 (1907) Bot. 355, 357, 383, 384, 4 (1909) Bot. 419, 509, 517, pl. XXVII, f. 70; Everett & Whitford in Philip. Bur. For. Bull. 5 (1906) 16; Merritt & Whitford in Philip. Bur. For. Bull. 6 (1906) 36; Merritt in Philip. Bur. For. Bull. 8 (1908) 48; Whitford in Philip. Journ. Sci. 4 (1910) Bot. 703, Philip. Bur. For. Bull. 10^2 (1911) 71, pls. 74, 75.


PHILIPPINE DIPTEROCARPACEAE. 273 Mocanera guiso Blanco Fl. Filip. ed. 1 (1837) 449. Dipterocarpus guiso Blanco Fl. Filip. ed. 2 (1845) 313. Anisoptera guiso A. DC. Prodr. 16^2 (1868) 616. S. vidaliana Brandis 1. c. 83. Leaves chartaceous, ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, base rounded or cuneate, glabrous or nearly so. Secondary nerves 15 to 18 pairs. Leaf-blade 7 to 15 cm long, 2 to 6 cm wide; petiole 1 to 3 cm long. Flowers described by Blanco as having 30 stamens. Fruit with three wings which are 2.5 to 3 cm long and 4 to 8 mm wide ; the two short wings 15 to 20 mm long, 2 to 4 mm wide, linear or spatulate; fruit 4 to 6 mm in diameter and about 6 to 8 mm high, slightly stouter than the fruit of S. polysperma. This species most closely resembles S. polysperma, from which it differs in its grayish bark, harder and grayer wood, usually thinner leaves which taper toward the base and are not inrolled at the margins, and the shorter and stouter fruit. The species is sufficiently variable to make any one set of characters of only comparative value and it is often extremely difficult to distinguish these two species from sterile material. LUZON, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 14730 Darling, For. Bur. 16960, 17255 Curran: Province of Isabela, For. Bur. 14842 Darling: Province of Ilocos Norte, For. Bur. 13851, 14012 Merritt & Darling: Subprovince of Bontoc, For. Bur. 17015 Curran: Province of Abra, For. Bur. 14653 Darling: Province of Nueva Vizcaya, For. Bur. 10877 Curran, For. Bur. 18025 Merritt: Province of Nueva Ecija, For. Bur. 8439, 8466 Curran, For. Bur. 14307 Saroca: Province of Pangasinan, For. Bur. 8397 Curran & Merrit, For. Bur. 13471, 13514 Medina, For. Bur. 14354, 14379 Villamil: Province of Tarlac, For. Bur. 15395 Zschokke: Province of Pampanga, For. Bur. 17692, 17735 Curran: Province of Zambales, For. Bur. 5811, 5995, 6912 Curran, For. Bur. 6081 Aguilar, For. Bur. 19470, 19475 Agama: Province of Bataan, Merrill 1482 Garcia, For. Bur. 490, 491, 508, 530, 543, 545, 550, 553, 572, 576, 581 Barnes, Dec. Phil. For. Fl. 71 Barnes, Jan. 1904, in flower, For. Bur. 659 Borden, April 1904, in flower, For. Bur. 1179, 1398, 1525, 1530, 1533, 1559, 1572 Borden, For. Bur. 1799 Borden, Sept. 1904, in fruit, Bur. Sci. 1605, 1614, 1642 Foxworthy, For. Bur. 5276, 5954, 6374, 17522 Curran, For. Bur. 7344 Curran, June 1907, in fruit, For. Bur. 13542 Alvarez: Province of Bulacan, Bur. Sci. 12267 Foxworthy: Province of Rizal, Vidal 984, For. Bur. 440, 1167, 2865 Ahern’s coll., April-June 1904-5 in flower, For. Bur. 3088 Ahern’s coll., Bur. Sci. 20 Foxworthy, Bur. Sci. 1460 Ramos, For. Bur. 10038 Curran: Province of La Laguna, For. Bur. 19125 Tamesis, For. Bur. 22290 Mariano: Province of Batangas, For. Bur. 7687 Curran & Merritt: Province of Tayabas, For. Bur. 6056 Kobber, For. Bur. 10174, 10269, 10320, 10375, 10393, 10400 Curran, For. Bur. 18660 Darling, Bur. Sci. 13116 Foxworthy & Ramos: Province of Camarines, Ahern 129 Garcia, For. Bur. 4537 Barredo, For. Bur. 10461, 10670, 10704 Curran: Province of Albay, For. Bur. 15003 Aldor: Province of Sorsogon, For. Bur. 10629 Curran. MARINDUQUE, For. Bur. 12159 Rosenbluth. TICAO, For. Bur. 12552 Rosenbluth. MASBATE, Whitford 1694, For. Bur. 12565 Rosenbluth, For. Bur. 21002 Darling. MINDORO, For. Bur. 5387, 8673, 8778, 8783, 9712, 9766, 11387, 12025 Merritt. SAMAR, For. Bur. 12873, 12849 Rosenbluth. LEYTE, For. Bur. 12799 Rosenbluth. NEGROS, Province of Negros


274 FOXWORTHY. Occidental, For. Bur. 17446 Curran. MINDANAO, Province of Misamis, For. Bur. 6546 Hutchinson, For. Bur. 15473 Pray: District of Davao, For. Bur. 11553, 11558 Whitford: District of Cotabato, For. Bur. 15409 Pray: District of Zamboanga, For. Bur. 9005, 9485 Whitford & Hutchinson. BASILAN, For. Bur. 12368 Hutchinson. Ahern 840 Sherman, collected in Mindanao in 1901, was determined by Merrill (Philip. Bur. For. Bull. 1 (1903) 40) as S. scrobiculata. It should be referred to S. guiso. Much of our material is sterile and it shows quite a range of variation. The mature leaves are usually glabrous or nearly so; but some specimens show leaves that are sparsely hairy; and some show a development of stellate hairs on the petioles and young shoots and on the midrib on the upper surface of the leaf. It is quite probable that there will prove to be more than one species in the material listed above, when we have more complete material for study and comparison. Common names: guijo, betik (Lag.), guisoc (V., Moro), sarai (Il.), yamban (Il.). 6. Shorea sp. This form differs from S. guiso principally in having a dense pubescence of grayish color on the underside of the leaves and on the twigs. The pubescence is composed of large stellate hairs, such as are found on the leaves of S. eximia, S. squamata and S. philippinensis. The leaf-shape is very constantly that of S. guiso and the venation seems to be much the same. The wood may be slightly harder than that of guijo. LUZON, Province of Bataan, For. Bur. s. n. Meyer, For. Bur. 6373, 17520 Curran, Bur. Sci. 10845 Foxworthy: Province of Zambales, For. Bur. 5899, 6933 Curran, For. Bur. 6506 Aguilar: Province of Pampanga, For. Bur. 17699 Curran: Province of La Laguna, For. Bur. 10076 Curran, For. Bur. 12679 Rosenbluth & Tamesis. 7. Shorea negrosensis sp. nov. Plate XLIV. Arbor magna, 40 ad 50 m alta, 2 m diametro. Folia elliptica, oblonga, vel ovata; lamina 9 ad 15 cm longa, 4 ad 6 em lata; petiolo 1.5 ad 2.5 cm longo. Nervis secondariis 12 ad 16. Stipulae parvae fugaceae. Paniculae terminales. Petala intus glabra, extus sericea. Stamina circiter 30; filamenta subtus lata et sursum fastigata. Ovarium conoideum pilosum. Stylopodium 0. Stylus glaber. Gregarious in habit. Bark thick, black and fissured. Wood deep-red at the heart, the heart taking up a large proportion of the log. Logs often rotten at the heart. Base of leaf rounded, apex sharply acuminate. Midrib depressed and tomentose above, prominent and pilose beneath, Secondary veins prominent on underside of leaf. Tertiary veins parallel or reticulate, distinct and with regularly spaced large stellate hairs. This gives the underside of the leaf an appearance much like that of almon (S. eximia), but with a lesser degree of hairiness. When dried, the leaves often have a coppery color on the under surface. Stipules small, triangular, nerved, hairy, fugacious. Flowers in terminal panicles. Calyx and petals with dense grayish or yellowish tomentum on the outside,


PHILIPPINE DIPTEROCARPACEAE. 275 glabrous within. Petals dark-red within. Flowers said to have a rather sickeningly sweet odor. Petals prominently longitudinally veined. Filaments black between the oblong anthers. Appendage to the connective tapering and shorter than the anther. Ovary bluntly conical in outline, hairy. No stylopodium. Style smooth; stigma small and obscurely lobed. One of the most important of our timber trees. The wood is very pretty, coarse-grained and moderately hard. It is sometimes exported under the name of "Philippine Mahogany.'' This tree is most abundant in the northern part of the Island of Negros, where it occurs gregariously with almon, balacbacan and bagtican. It is, perhaps, the most important commercial wood of the Philippines at the present time. The leaves of this species show close resemblances to those of S. lepidota Bl., of Sumatra, S. selanica Bl., of Amboina, and S. platycarpa Heim, of Sarawak. For. Bur, 7281 Everett, collected in Negros Occidental in May 1907, is the type. LUZON, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 6498 Klemme, For. Bur. 17170 Curran: Province of Isabela, For. Bur. 6644 Klemme: Province of La Laguna, For. Bur. 22311 Mariano: Province of Tayabas, Merrill 1152 Garcia: Province of Albay, For. Bur. 10620 Curran: Province of Sorsogon, For. Bur. 10601 Curran. NEGROS, Province of Negros Occidental, For. Bur. 7281 Everett, May 1907, in flower (type), For. Bur. 5209, 5500 Everett, For. Bur. 5212, 7405 Danao, For, Bur. 7253 Everett, May 1907, in bud, For. Bur. 13583 Meyer & Foxworthy, For. Bur. 17467, 17469, 17470, 17480, 16482, 17491, 17497 Curran. MINDANAO, Province of Surigao, For. Bur. 6672 Stone, For. Bur. 7566 Hutchinson: Subprovince of Agusan, For. Bur. 7596, 7598, 7610 Hutchinson. Common names: red lauan, mangachapuy (V.). For description of habit of this species see Whitford in Philip. Bur. For. Bull. 10^2 (1911) 66, pls. 64, 65. 8. Shopea squamata (Turcz.) Dyer ex Vidal Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 62; Brandis in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 31 (1895) 92; Merr. in Phil. Journ. Sci. 2 (1907) Bot. 285; Foxworthy in Phil. Journ. Sci. 2 (1907) Bot. 386; Phil. Journ. Sci. 4 (1909) Bot. 519; Merritt in Philip. Bur. For. Bull. 8 (1908) 16, 48; Whitford in Philip. Journ. Sci. 4 (1910) Bot. 715, Philip. Bur. For. Bull. 10^2 (1911) 66, pl. 63. Hopea squamata Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Mosc. 31^1 (1858) 239; A. DC. Prodr. 16^2 (1868) 635. Leaves coriaceous or chartaceous, from a rounded base ovate-oblong or elliptic, upper side glabrous, under side rough with tufts of stellate hair; secondary nerves 14 to 18, curved, tertiary veins parallel; blade 10 to 20 cm long, petiole 2 cm long. Flowers bibracteolate in unilateral spikes, these distichous, in long axillary and terminal panicles, bracts oblong spathulate. Filaments of the 5 inner episepalous stamens with a thick rounded base, upon which the next 5 filaments are inserted; appendage of connective slightly longer than anther. Stylopodium smaller than ovary; style glabrous, twice the length of stylopodium; stigma minute. Larger segments of fruiting-calyx 15 to 17.5 cm long.


276 FOXWORTHY. The stipules are larger than in any other species of Shorea which we have and these stipules are frequently persistent and extend nearly around the stem. In some cases, it seems that the stipules drop early and this makes it more difficult to recognize the species. There is great variation in the abundance of the stellate hairs. The leaves are sometimes found to be almost glabrous, but this is not very commonly the case and usually results in a very distinct form. LUZON, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 14709 Darling, For. Bur. 17077, 17169, 17187 Curran: Province of Isabela, For. Bur. 14839 Darling: Province of Ilocos Norte, For. Bur. 13924, 13926 Merritt & Darling: Province of Nueva Ecija, For. Bur. 22152 Alvarez: Province of Bulacan For. Bur. 11150 Aguilar, For. Bur. 15436 Cortez: Province of La Laguna, For. Bur. 10095, 17631, 17643 Curran, Bur. Sci. 8978 Foxworthy, For. Bur. 15351 Tamesis, For. Bur. 22313 Mariano: Province of Tayabas, For. Bur. 6075 Kobbe, For. Bur. 9659, 10173, 10290 Curran, For. Bur. 11511 Whitford, For. Bur. 12518 Rosenbluth, For. Bur. 18624 Darling: Province of Camarines, For. Bur. 4534 Barredo, For. Bur. 10758 Curran: Province of Albay, Cuming 883, 892: Province of Sorsogon, For. Bur. 10604 Curran. POLILLO, Bur. Sci. 10778 McGregor. MARINDUQUE, For. Bur. 12154 Rosenbluth. MINDORO, Merrill 5751, For. Bur. 8743, 6799, 6806, 6823, 11400, 11386 Merritt. SAMAR, For. Bur. 12839, 12860, 12881 Rosenbluth. LEYTE, For. Bur. 12742 Rosenbluth. MINDANAO, Subprovince of Agusan, For. Bur. 7608 Hutchinson: Province of Misamis, For, Bur. 47O4 Mearns & Hutchinson, May 1906, immature fruit: District of Davao, For. Bur. 11561 Whitford: District of Lanao, Mrs. Clemens s. n., For. Bur. 15448, 15447 Pray: District of Zamboanga, For. Bur. 9242 Whitford & Hutchinson. Common names: mayapis (Tag.), alam (Mangyan), balabak (Ib.), danlig (Tay.), lauan (Tag.), malacacao (Tay.) , malakayan (Moro), malasinoro (Sam.), oghayan (Sam.), tabak (Tay.), ubanan (Manobo). Distribution: Borneo and the Philippines. 9. Shorea eximia (Miq.) Scheffer in Nat. Tidschr. Nederl. Ind. 31 (1870) 349; Burck in Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 6 (1887) 218; King in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. 62^2 (1893) 121. Vatica ? eximia Miq. FJ. Ind. Bat. Suppl. (1862) 486; A. DC. Prodr. 16^2 (1868) 623. Vatica ? sublacunosa Miq. l. c. 486; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.—Bat. 3 (1867) 85. Shorea sublacunosa Scheffer in Nat. Tidschr. Nederl. Ind. l. c. 350. Shorea furfuracea Miq. l. c. 488, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 3 (1867) 84; Rolfe in Journ. Bot. 23 (1885) 210; Vidal Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 62; Burck l. c. 219; Brandis in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 31 (1895) 98; Merrill in PluHp. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 98; Foxworthy in Philip. Journ. Sci. 4 (1909) Bot. 517; Whitford in Philip. Journ. Sci. 4 (1910) Bot. 712, Philip. Bur. For. Bull. 10^2 (1911) 63, pls. 58, 59. Very large trees, which are gregarious in habit. Bark ridged, 1.5 to 2 cm thick. Branchlets, stipules, petioles, underside of leaves, and branches of inflorescence with tufts of stellate hairs, which sometimes are very long; stellate hairs most abundant on the veins on the underside of the leaf. Stipules broad, semipersistent, triangular-ovate, as long as or shorter than the petioles. Leaves thin, papery, elliptic-oblong, sometimes lanceolate, sometimes oblanceolate, shortly acuminate, 8 to 18 cm long, 3 to 8.5


PHILIPPINE DIPTEROCARPACEAE. 277 cm wide. Petiole 1 to 3 cm long. Secondary nerves 14 to 22 pairs, arching ; tertiary parallel, prominent. Flowers sessile, in secund bracteate spikes, each flower subtended by two unequal bracts. Ovary pubescent, narrowed into a glabrous filiform style, much longer than ovary; stigma minute. Fruiting calyx with 3 wings 9 to 12.5 cm long, 15 mm wide, narrowed below, but base dilated, tightly enclosing the fruit; transverse veins and 7 to 9 longitudinal veins prominent. Fruits abundantly in August, but the fruit is quickly eaten by wild hogs, etc., perhaps for contained fat, and in a very few days, it is difficult to find any of the seeds remaining. The resin is sometimes collected from the tree for torches, etc., although, I think, not on a commercial scale. The timber is used in great quantities under the name of almon. LUZON, Province of Bataan, Merrill 1545 Garcia: Province of Tayabas, For. Bur. 11500 Whitford: Province of Camarines, For. Bar, 10716 Curran: Province of Albay, Cuming 880, in flower, For. Bur. 10577 Curran, For. Bur, 12682 Rosenbluth: Province of Sorsogon, For. Bur. 10555, 10562, 10628 Curran. NEGROS, Province of Negros Occidental, Whitford 1579, For. Bur. 5502 Everett, For. Bur. 15017 Danao, For. Bur. 11647 Whitford, April 1909, in flower, For. Bur. 13580 Meyer & Foxworthy, Sept. 1909, fruit, For, Bur. 13686, 17466, 17479, 17490, 17498 Curran, For. Bur. 18222 Rosenbluth, Aug. 1909, fruit. MINDANAO, Province of Surigao, For. Bur. 6673 Stone, For. Bur. 7566a Hutchinson: Province of Misamis, For. Bur. 22461 Klemme: District of Zamboanga, For. Bur. 9243, 9373 Whitford-d & Hutchinson, For. Bur. 12353. 12354 Hutchinson. BASILAN, For. Bur. 3452, 6092 Hutchinson. Common names: almon, white lauan. Distribution: Malacca, Singapore, Sumatra, Bangka, Dindang, Bintang, Borneo (Foxworthy 159, collected in the western part of Sarawak in May 1909), the Philippines. 10. Shorea polysperma (Blanco) Merrill in Bur. Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 27 (1905) 22, 29 (1905) 29; Phil. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 98; Foxworthy in Phil. Journ. Sci. 2 (1907) Bot. 356, 357, 394, 4 (1909) Bot. 423, 510, 518, pl. XXVII, f. 72, Everett & Whitford in Philip. Bur. For. Bull. 5 (1906) 26; Merritt in Philip. Bur. For. Bull. 8 (1908) 16, 48; Withford in Philip. Journ. Sci. 4 (1910) Bot. 703, Philip. Bur. For. Bull. 10^2 (1911) 68, pls. 66, 67. Mocanera polysperma Blanco Fl. Filip. ed. 1 (1837) 448. Dipterocarpus polyspermus Blanco Fl. Filip. ed. 2 (1845) 312; A. DC. Prodr. 16^2 (1868) 614. Hopea tagnili Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2 (1856) 35; A. DC. Prodr. 16^2 (1868) 635. Shorea talura F.-Vill. Noviss. App. (1880) 21, non Roxb. Hort. Beng. (1814) 93. A very large tree of the hill forests, at from 100 to 800 m above the sea, reaching a height of 50 m and a diameter of more than 2 m. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 8 to 11 cm long, 3 to 5 cm wide, shining, subcoriaceous, the base rounded, rarely somewhat acute, the apex usually rather long-acuminate; nerves 10 to 12 pairs, subprominent, ascending; 103750——4


278 FOXWORTHY. petioles 2 cm long, glabrous or at first pubescent. Panicles 20 cm long or less, the branches ascending, the lower ones often 15 cm long, densely pubescent with gray hairs. Flowers small, yellowish. Sepals imbricate, broadly ovate, obtuse or subacute, 3 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, densely pubescent, the three outer ones inclosing the two inner. Petals 8 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, obtuse. Stamens 15, in two series, the filaments broad, 1 mm long; anthers broadly ovate, 0.6 mm long, the appendix to the connective slender, as long as the anther. Ovary pubescent, the stylopodium very obscure or wanting. Style slender, 1.5 mm long. In the fruit all the sepals are accrescent, the three outer ones being 4.5 cm long, and 8-10 mm wide, obtuse, the two inner ones about 2 cm long or less, and 3 mm wide. LUZON, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 17188, 17207, 17239, 17254 Curran: Province of Ilocos Norte, For. Bur. 13917 Merrill & Darling: Province of Pangasinan, For. Bur. 8288, Curran & Merritt, For. Bur. 14378, 14380 Villamil: Province of Nueva Ecija, For. Bur. 22156 Alvarez: Province of Bulacan, For. Bur. 11149 Aguilar, For. Bur. 15435, 15437 Cortez: Province of Bataan, For. Bur. 606 Barnes, For. Bur. 734, 784 Borden, May 1904, in flower, For. Bur. 819 Borden, June 1904, in flower, For. Bur. 1410 Borden, July 1904, in fruit. For. Bur. 2130 Borden, Whitford 132, May 1904, in flower, Dec. Phil For. Fl. 187 Borden, Bur. Sci. 1604 Foxworthy, For. Bur. 5280, 6237, 6324 Curran, For. Bur. 7221 Curran, June 1907, in flower, For. Bur. 7377 Curran, July 1907, in fruit, For. Bur. 20029 Topacio: Province of La Laguna, For. Bar. 10139, 17636 Curran, For. Bur. 15095 Cortes, For. Bur. 15355 Tamesis, For. Bur. 22498 Mariano: Province of Tayabas, For. Bur. 10373, 10403 Curran, For. Bur. 11502 Whitford, For. Bur. 12505, 12506 Rosenbluth: Province of Camarines, For. Bur. 10756 Curran, For. Bur. 11524 Whitford: Province of Albay, For. Bur. 10574 Curran, For. Bur. 14282 Aguilar, For. Bur. 15071, 15089 Rosenbluth: Province of Sorsogon, For. Bur. 10550 Gurran. MARINDUQUE, For. Bur. 12169 Rosenbluth. MINDORO, For. Bur. 6791, 6826, 8587, 8623, 8780, 9806, 11402, 11407, 1141O, 12010, 12013, 12026 Merritt. LEYTE, For. Bur. 15060 Rosenbluth. CEBU, For. Bur. 6489 Espinosa, NEGROS, Province of Negros Occidental, Whitford 1615, For. Bur. 5503 Everett, For. Bur. 13578 Meyer & Foxworthy, For. Bur. 13754 Foxworthy, Sept. 1909, fruit, For. Bur. 13756 Foxworthy, For. Bur. 17468, 17478 Curran. MINDANAO Province of Surigao, Long 43. Common names: tangile (Tag.), abuhungan (Al.), adamui (B.), araka (Il.), balakbakan (Neg.), balagayan (Mangyan), damilang (Ib.), manaog (Cebu), mayapis (Tay.), pata (Pang.) , maligmat (Tag.). The name tanguile is often applied to other plants which have soft or moderately hard red wood, whether they belong to this family or not. In the provinces of Bulacan, Tayabas and Mindoro, the name tanguile is often applied to Illipe ramiflora Merr., of the Sapotaceae. 11. Shorea warburgii Gilg in Engler Bot. Jahrb. 18 Beibl. 45 (1894) 38; Brandis in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 31 (1895) 98; Perkins Fragm. Fl. Philip. (1904) 23. This is very imperfectly known and may be merely a form of S. polysperma. The type of S. warburgii has rather larger leaves than are common for S. polysperma.