280 FOXWORTHY. G. PARASHOREA Kurz, Calyx-tube very short, not enlarging. Sepals on the edge of a broad receptacle, almost valvate in bud. Stamens 12 to 15; anthers linear, on short filaments, the connective more or less prolonged; anther cells more or less unequal, the two posterior shortly beaked. Ovary free, hairy, 3-celled; style filiform. Fruit tomentose, acuminate. Five nearly equal wings narrowed below, not inclosing the fruit. In our species, the stipules are large, encircling the stem. Also, our species shows a distinct fold between the pairs of secondary nerves and is glaucous on the underside of the leaf and on the young twigs. The genus has three species, one from the Eastern Peninsula of India, one from Sumatra, and the third from Borneo and the Philippines. The bark of old trees is coarsely and deeply furrowed and dark-colored. Sapwood very light-colored; heartwood darker, often with a pinkish tinge. The wood is soft and moderately heavy and contains numerous resin-canals, filled with a whitish resin. Trees distinctly gregarious in habit, in moist forests. Pith with 15 resin-ducts. Petiole with 5 vascular bundles in the semicircle and just as many resin-canals, central bundle-mass with no resin-canals. 1. Parashorea plicata Brandis in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 31 (1895) 104; Merrill & Rolfe in Philip. Journ. Sci. 3 (1908) Bot. 114; Foxworthy in Philip. Journ. Sci. 4 (1909) Bot. 511, 516; Whitford in Philip. Journ. Sci. 4 (1910) Bot. 712, Philip. For. Bur. Bull. 10^2 (1911) 64, pls. 60, 61. P. warburgii Brandis l. c. 105. Large trees, 20 to 40 m tall and 1 to 2 m in diameter. Bark 1 to 2 cm thick, longitudinally furrowed, dark-brown to nearly black in color. Leaves glabrous and shining above, elliptic, 6 to 15 cm long, 5 to 8 cm wide, marked by a distinct fold between the secondary nerves, similar to what is seen in many species of Dipterocarpus. In the terminal bud the young leaves are completely inclosed within the amplexicaul stipules, and the tender leaf at that stage consists almost entirely of the closely approximate secondary nerves. Stipules deciduous. Flowers 2.5 cm long, on thick pedicels furrowed when dry, which are half the length of the sepals. Sepals lanceolate, slightly overlapping in bud, gray-tomentose outside, pubescent inside. Stamens 15 ; anthers linear, glabrous ; valves nearly equal, the two posterior bluntly apiculate; appendage of the con-nective longer than the anther, thick spindle-shaped, with a long point. Ovary-cells half-immersed in the broad obconical receptacle, narrowed into an elongate hairy stylopodium. The 3 outer wings of fruiting calyx broader, 8-or 9-nerved, with prominent reticulate veins between the longitudinal nerves, similar to the venation in the fruiting sepals of the other species of the genus. LUZON, Province of Nueva Ecija, For. Bur. 22346 Alvarez: Province of Bu-


PHILIPPINE DIPTEROCARPACEAE. 281 lacan, For. Bur. 15438 Cortes, Bur. Sci. 12274 Foxworthy : Province of Rizal, Bur. Sci. 1461 Ramos, Bur. Sci, 2660 Ramos, May 1907, in flower. Bur. Sci. 3289 Ramos, May 1907, in fruit, For. Bur. 10010, 10016 Curran: Province of La Laguna, Vidal 990, For. Bur. 10059, 10071, 17629 Curran, For. Bur. 12775 Rosenbluth & Tamesis, Bur. Sci. 11944 Robinson & Ramos, For. Bur. 22249, 22250 Mariano: Province of Tayabas, Merrill 1151 Garcia, Hagger 6, Merrill 51 Ritchie, For. Bur. 10176, 10377, 10404 Curran: Province of Camarines, Ahern 104 Garcia, Mar. 1902, in flower, Ahern 291 Garcia, For. Bur, 10500, 10502, 10668, 10703, 10713, 10739 Curran, For. Bur. 11520 Whitford, For. Bur. 14279, 14338 Aguilar: Province of Albay, For. Bur. 10584 Curran: Province of Sorsogon, For. Bur. 4528 Zschokke, For. Bur. 5754 Pray, For. Bur. 10506, 10603 Curran. POLILLO, Bur. Sci. 10282 McGregor. CATANDUANES, For. Bur. 6679 Bray. MASBATE, Whitford 1673, For, Bur. 12570, 12591 Rosenbluth. NEGROS, Province of Negros Occidental, Whitford 1616, For. Bur. 11194 Everett, For. Bur. 11646 Whitford, April 1909, in flower, For. Bur. 13755 Foxworthy, For. Bur. 17418, 17488 Curran: Province of Negros Oriental, For. Bur. 11244, 12314 Everett. LEYTE, For. Bur. 12624 RosenUuth, For. Bur. 11635 Whitford, For. Bur. 12769 Rosenbluth, Mar. 1909, in flower. CEBU, For. Bur. 22212 Cenabre. MINDANAO, Province of Surigao, Ahem 356 Quadras, For. Bur. 7563 Hutchinson: District of Davao, For. Bur. 11560 Whitford: District of Zamboanga, For. Bur. 9182 Whitford & Hutchinson, For. Bur. 12355 Hutchinson. The following numbers represent a form which is pubescent on the young twigs and on the underside of the leaves. ' LUZON, Province of La Laguna, For. Bur. 7904, 8051, 8050 Curran d Merritt, For. Bur, 15349 Tamesis: Province of Tayabas, For. Bur. 6047 Kobbe, For. Bur. 7851 Curran & Merritt, For. Bur. 10221 Curran, For. Bur. 14936 Darling. I have also collected this same form in the neighborhood of the Si Bode River about 30 miles southwest of Sandakan, British North Borneo, in October 1908 (no. 568) Native names: lauan (Tag.), almon (V.). apnit (S. Luz.), bagtican (V.), bayukan (Lag.), danlig (Tay.). hapnit (S. Luz.), malaanonan (Tag.), mangasinoro (Mas.), mayapis (Bal.). VATICA Linn. Brandis (l. c. 118) characterizes the genus as follows: "Leaves as a rule coriaceous, petioles generally pubescent. Stipules mostly small, caducous. Secondary nerves distinct and limited in number, tertiary mostly reticulate. Flowers in spikes or racemes, not unilateral, arranged in terminal and axillary panicles. In some species there is what appears to be a cyme. The axis bifurcates, and there is an apparently terminal flower in the bifurcation. On closer examination it is found that what appears to be a terminal flower is the lowest lateral flower of the main axis or of the branch which has developed as strongly as the main axis. The calyx is valvate. Stamens 15, of which 10 are episepalous, standing in 5 pairs behind each other. Anthers short, glabrous ; cells very unequal, diverging at the base; appendix of connective obtuse, often very short, those of the 5 inner much longer. Ovary either free or half immersed in the obconical receptacle, often pitted, generally hairy; style cylindric, often ribbed and furrowed, mostly shorter than ovary; stigma capitate or conical. Segments of fruiting calyx either equal, shorter than fruit, or


\ 282 FOXWORTHY. equal and much longer than fruit, or two segments growing out into long wings. So far as known, the cells of the cotyledons filled with starch. "Pith of internode with 10 to 20 small peripheral resin-canals. Petiole; peripheral bundle-system with 3 to 10 resin-canals, the central with a few resin-canals or without them." About 45 species known, with probably 5 species in the Philippines. Quite probably, some of the very variable material which is lumped under V. mangachapoi may be referable to other species when more complete specimens are secured. KEY TO PHILIPPINE SPECIES OF VATICA. a. Leaves chartaceous. b. Leaves broadly oval; wood light-colored and soft 4. V. sp. (calunti) bb. Leaves oblong or elliptic; wood dark-colored and hard 5. V. sp. (bagansusu) aa. Leaves coriaceous. b. Leaves yellow beneath 3. V. sp. (guiso madlao) bb. Leaves green on both surfaces. c. Narrowly oblong or elliptic 1. Vatica mangachapoi cc. Broadly oblong : 2. V. sp. (yacal bianco) 1. Vatica mangachapoi Blanco Fl. Filip. ed. 1 (1837) 401; A. DC. Prodr. 16^2 (1868) 623; Vidal Sinopsis Atlas (1883) xv, t. 15 B, ff. 1-6, Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 61; Brandis in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 31 (1895) 134; Merr. in Bur. Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 27 (1905) 22; Phil. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 98; Foxworthy in Phil. Journ. Sci. 4 (1909) Bot. 520; Whitford in Philip. Journ. Sci. 4 (1910) Bot. 703, Philip. Bur. For. Bull. 10^2 (1911) 76, pl. 81. Mocanera mangachapoi Blanco Fl. Filip. ed. 1 (1837) 450. Vatica aptanthera Blanco Fl. Filip. ed. 2 (1845) 281. Dipterocarpus mangachapoi Blanco Fl. Filip. ed. 2 (1845) 313. Pteranthera mangachapoi Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd-Bat. 2 (1856) 30. Shorea mangachapoi (Blanco) Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd-Bat. 2 (1856) 34. Anisoptera mangachapoi A. DC. Prodr. 16^2 (1868) 610; Vidal Cat. Pl. Prov. Manila (1880) 18. Cotyleloobium philippinense Heim ms. in herb. Kew; Brandis in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. l. c. 134. This species is very incompletely understood ; but, I have followed the interpretation accepted by Brandis. A moderate-sized tree of the hill forests. Not gregarious. Bark light-grayish and rather smooth. Wood hard and heavy, brownish, fine-grained, resembling yacal but finer-and straighter-grained. Glabrous, excepting inflorescence and young shoots, which are clothed with stellate tomentum. Stipules small, caducous. Leaves pale on both sides, coriaceous, lanceolate; blade 7.5 to 12.5 cm long; petiole 1 cm long. Secondary nerves 7 to 9 pairs; tertiary reticulate. Flowers 1 cm long, on pedicels nearly as long as the calyx, in racemes which are not unilateral, these arranged in terminal and axillary racemose panicles. Pseudoterminal flowers frequent between the main axis and a branch of panicle. Calyx-segments


PHILIPPINE DIPTEROCARPACEAE. 283 in flower more or less unequal, two larger, on both sides with gray-stellate pubescence. Petals linear-oblong, obtuse, hairy outside. The five interior stamens on filaments longer than anthers, the ten outer on very short filaments; prolongation of connective short, conical. Ovary more or less immersed in the receptacle, tomentose with stellate hairs; style glabrous, 5-ribbed; stigma of five conical lobes, the two larger segments of fruiting-calyx 5 cm long, linear-oblong, narrowed at both ends, with five longitudinal nerves joined by oblique veins. Fruit (not ripe) globose, tomentose, 4 mm in diameter, the three cells still visible, one ovule more developed than the others. Blanco describes this species as having three seeds in the ripe fruit. This is incorrect. He must have been examining the unripe fruit and looking at the ovules, only one of which develops into a mature seed. Fruiting calyx with 2 long wings, 3.5 to 4 cm long, 12 to 18 mm wide, with about 5 principal longitudinal nerves; the three shorter wings of the fruiting-calyx 10 to 18 mm long, 3 to 4 mm wide, with 3 or 4 principal longitudinal veins. Wings membranous or chartaceous. This species contains very little resin. The bark is thin and dry and presents a rather mottled appearance. Closely resembling Vatica astrotricha of Cochin-China. LUZON, Province of Cagayan, For. Bur. 17070 Curran: Province of Ilocos Norte, For. Bur. 13995 Merritt & Darling: Province of Ilocos Sur, For. Bur. 5654, Klemme, For. Bur. 7110 Klemme, Apr. 1907, in flower, For. Bur. 13019 Paraiso: Subprovince of Benguet, For. Bur. 10800 Curran: Province of La Union, Elmer 5737, Feb. 1904, in flower: Province of Pangasinan, For. Bur. 8337 Curran & Merritt, For. Bur. 12982 Alvarez, For. Bur. 13452, 13518, 13524, Medina, For. Bur. 19457 Agama: Province of Tarlac, Vidal 68, 75: Province of Nueva Ecija, Vidal 988, For. Bur. 22147 Alvarez: Province of Zambales, Warburg 13430. Province of Bataan, For. Bur. 807, 815 Borden, For. Bur. 804, Borden, May 904, in flower, For. Bur. 1593 Borden, Aug. 1904, in fruit, Merill 3896, Aug. 1904, in fruit, Whitford 306, May 1904, in flower, Whitford 1224, Apr. 1905 in flower, Bur. Sci. 1556 Foxworthy, For. Bur. 12399 Curran & Merritt, For. Bur. 17521 17600 Curran: Province of Rizal, Vidal 69, 70, 72, 78, 74, For.Bur. 483 Ahern’s coll., Apr. 1904, in flower, For. Bur. 1097 Ahern^’s coll., May 1904, in fruit, For. Bur. 1143 Ahern’s coll., June 1904, in flower, For. Bur. 2164 Ahern’s coll., Dec. 1904, in flower, For. Bur. 2866, 2885 Ahern’s coll., Mar. 1905, in flower, For. Bur. 2987 Ahern’s coll., Apr. 1905, in fruit: Province of La Laguna, For. Bur. 17654 Curran, For. Bur. 15092 Cortes: Province of Tayabas, Merrill 1004 Garcia, Aug. 1903, in flower and fruit, Merrill 1073 Garcia, Sept. 1903, in fruit, For. Bur. 14989, 18645 Darling: Province of Camarines, For. Bur. 10681 Curran, June 1908, in flower, For. Bur. 12702 Rosenbluth: Province of Albay, For. Bur. 15083 Rosenbluth. LEYTE, For. Bur. 12733 Rosenbluth. MINDANAO, District of Davao, For. Bur. 11563 Whitford: District of Zamboanga, For. Bur. 9043 Whitford & Hutchinson. Common names: karig (Tag.), aniga (Ben.), aningat (Pang.), dangi (Riz.), labang (Iloc.), karig (Chab.), saungan (Leyte), tapurao (V.), yacal blanco (Tag.), dagam (Bicol), duyong (Tag.), cariocan (Tag.), tiranlay (Pang.), puti-yan (Pang.), banic (Cag.).


PHILIPPINE DIPTEROCARPACEAE. 285 fine-grained, red wood. The leaves have a shape very much like that of some species of Dryobalanops, but the venation is different. Bur. Sci. 13141 Foxworthy & Ramos, collected near the Kabibihan River, in the Province of Tayabas, Luzon, in March 1911, under the name of paina. This number has immature fruit, unlike anything else that I have seen. The leaves and wood resemble Hopea plagata. EXCLUDED SPECIES. F.-Villar in Noviss. App. 20-21, credits Shorea floribunda Kurz, S. parvifolia DC, S. reticulata Thwaites, Vatica grandiflora Dyer, V. scaphula Dyer, V. affinis Thwaites, to the Philippines, but without citing specimens. It seems safe to assume that he was mistaken in crediting these species to the Islands.


ILLUSTRATIONS. Plate XXXIV. Dipterocarpus pilosus Koxb., showing flower and fruit. Bur. Sci. 13123 Foxworthy & Ramos. Photograph by Cortez. XXXV. Dipterocarpus affinis Brandis, from Vidal's material in the herba-rium at Kew. Photographs by Foxworthy. XXXVI. Dipterocarpus grandiflorus Blanco, fruits collected in Negros to show variation in the development of the wings. Photographs by Martin. XXXVII. Dipterocarpus speciosus Brandis, from Vidal 2160, in the herba-rium at Kew. Photograph by Foxworthy. XXXVIII. Dipterocarpus sp., showing old leaves, fruits and seedling. For. Bur 12395 Curran & Merritt. Photograph by Cortez. XXXIX. Dipterocarpus sp., showing old leaves and fruit. For. Bur. 3223 Hagger. Photograph by Cortez. XL. Anisoptera brunnea Foxworthy. For. Bur. 11292 Klemme (type). Photograph by Cortez. XLI. Anisoptera curtisii Dyer. Bur. Sci. 8985 Foxworthy. Photo-graph by Cortez. XLII. Hopea basilanica Foxworthy. For. Bur. 15220 Klemme (type). Photograph by Cortez. XLIII. Hopea mindanaensis Foxworthy. For. Bur. 9029 Whitford & Hutchinson (type). Photograph by Cortez. XLIV. Shorea negrosensis Foxworthy. For. Bur. 7281 Everett (type). Photograph by Cortez.


641 it should not be represented by more specimens lower down ^44 and why it disappears almost entirely on the ridge leading to Limay Peak is not known. The explanation of its scarcity in the latter locality is probably correlated with the extension of the Bambusa-Parkia formation higher up the mountain in this situation. That the heat of the low country is not too great for it to flourish is evidenced by the fact that on the east coast of Luzon, where the dry season is less pronounced, it descends nearly to sea level. The topography of this formation is similar to that of the previous one discussed — i. e., it shows alternating prominent ridges and valleys. With the exception of its non-occurrence on the steep slopes, where the vegetation is thin and in the beds of the river canyons. Dipterocarpus itself is not confined to any particular topographic type. At the extreme upper limits of the apitong zone is a sharp knob where all the soil has been washed off, leaving the half-disintegrated volcanic rock exposed on the surface. On this area, out of 60 trees noted, 18 were Quercus sp.; 11, Vatica mangachapoi; 10, Shorea polysperma; 9, Eugenia pallida; 5, Symplocos oblongifolia, and the remainder Dipterocarpus grandiflorus, Ternstroemia toquian, Aporosa symplocosifolia, and Plectronia viridis. All these species in this situation have much reduced leaves and the trees show a tendency to become dwarfed. This plot is the lowest place which was observed on the mountain, where exposure to wind dwarfs the trees of the forest. The climbing bamboo (Dinochloa tjankorreh) is characteristic on the open places on steep slopes. No other bamboos are present in the formation. Young trees of the Dipterocarpacea with Memecylon edule, Aporosa sphaeridophora, Diospyros pilosanthera, Uvaria alba, Claoxylon rubescens, Codiaeum luzonicum, Leea philippinensis, Litsea luzonensis, Dracaena augustifolia, and Tabernaemontana pandacaqui form the undergrowth. In its response to the xerophytic conditions of the dry season, this formation differs from the Anisoptera-Strombosia one in having fewer deciduous trees. Isolated specimens of Parkia roxburghii are about the only individuals which shed their leaves completely during a portion of the dry season, but nearly all the trees show a thinner foliage. Dipterocarpus grandiflorus completely changes its leaves during January and February, but simultaneously with the dropping of the old, new ones take their place. At this season of the year the thick bed of dead Leaves on the ground, the large, red. bud scales appearing with the new leaves and the large, sweet-scented flowers of this species accentuate its numerical importance. The ground itself is so completely covered with fallen foliage that this characteristic, together with the thin undergrowth, reminds one strikingly of the forests of temperate regions in the autumn. Plates XXIV and XX VIII will give some idea of the gen- **Only one was noted in the Anisoptera-Strombosia formation and none were observed above an altitude of 450 meters. 43814——5


NEW SPECIES OF BIRDS. 15 spots on outer web, or with no spots at all. Tips of inner primaries and inner webs of all primaries spotted with creamy white Second-aries similarly spotted on both webs. Ear-coverts rusty brown. A creamy white malar stripe extending back of ear-covers. Chin and narrow stripe down center of throat white, bordered by a broad stripe of brownish black on each side, the tips of feathers forming side stripes being brownish white. Under surface with strong ful-vescent wash. Feathers of upper breast with distinct brownish black shaft marks. Feathers of lower breast and abdomen with ill defined streaks of the same color. Feathers of flanks nearly white, with only slight dark markings. Under tail-coverts yellowish white, with dark shaft stripes. Under surface of tail slightly lighter than upper, but tips of two central pairs of feathers nearly black. Under wing-coverts and axillaries creamy white, spotted with brownish black. Bend of wing uniform brownish black. The female lacks the scarlet head markings of the male and the creamy white spot, which is partially concealed in the male, is in the female quite conspicuous. Otherwise the sexes are alike. Five males measure in length, 584 inches. Culmen, 80. Wing, 807 Tail, 159. Tarsus, 59. Eight females: Length, 597. Culmen, 79 Wing, 319. Tail, 163. Tarsus, 66. Habitat: Sibuy an. 11. Chibia menagei sp. nov. Adult male in worn out plumage. Black. Wings with metallic green gloss. Feathers of head, nape, neck and breast with spangles of metallic blue, broad on crown, elsewhere narrow. Scapulars, interscapulars, back and rump blue-black, with faint metallic gloss. Upper tail coverts more strongly glossed, especially on outer web. Central tail feathers and outer webs of others glossed like the wings. Tail graduated, the outer pair of feathers exceeding the next inner pair by one and one fourth inches and strongly curved upward and inward, so that at tip the inner web of feather is turned outward. Neck-hackles considerably elongated. Female like male. None of the specimens show frontal plumes. Average measurements of nine males: Length, 13. 25 inches. Culmen, 137. Wing, 539. Tail, 691. Tarsus, 1. Of seven females: Length, 1287. Culmen, 137. Wing, 536. Tail, 669. Tarsus, 101. This curious species is by far the largest representative of its genus yet discovered in the Philippine Islands, and differs strikingly from both the other known species, one of which is confined to Palawan and the Calamianes Islands, while the other occurs in the Sulu group and in Cagayan Sulu.


18 BOURNS AND WORCESTER: PRELIMINARY NOTES. A female measured 350 in length. Culmen, 68. Wing, 158. Tail, 90. Tarsus, 52. Habitat: Negros, Cebu, Masbate. This pretty species can be readily distinguished from the last, its nearest ally, by its orange yellow throat with heavier orange red markings. The female also differs from that of Aethopyga arolasi in having a yellow rump. 16. Aethopyga in hint a sp. nov. Adult male. Like Aethopyga arolasi, but smaller, and the throat pure yellow without the faintest trace of orange red. We regret that we are unable to furnish exact measurements because our type specimen, a male in fine plumage disappeared from the collection in July, 1894. Habitat: Mindoro: This tiny species is rare in Mindoro and was seen by us on but two occasions. 17. Dicaeiim pallid for sp. nov. Adult male. Above exactly like D. dorsale, which by the way has the back slaty blue, not slaty grey, as stated in Cat. B, Vol. x p. 40. Entire under surface yellow, only slightly deeper on the breast, and not rich orange as in D. dorsale. Habitat: Cebu. Were it not that we have a large series of birds from Cebu in breeding plumage we should not think of separating the Cebu birds, but with the series of specimens now before us we cannot do otherwise. The almost uniform yellow under surface of D. pallidior, contrasts strongly with the yellow throat and abdomen and bright orange breast of D. dorsale. Young males of D. dorsale show streaks of orange on the breast long before reaching maturity, hence the difference is not a matter of age and, as we have already remarked, our Cebu birds were in breeding plumage. The female is like that of D. dorsale. Measurements of eleven males: Length, 350 inches. Culmen, 55. Wing, 192. Tail, 103. Tarsus, 51. Of four females: Length, 331. Wing, 188. Tail, 98. Tarsus, 49. 18. Dictum in sibuyanica sp. nov. A well marked species of the D. dorsale type and the largest representative of this type yet discovered in the Philippine islands. A very noticeable characteristic is that fully adult birds always have the base of the lower mandible whitish as do the young of most other species of the genus.


20 BOURNS AND WORCESTER: PRELIMINARY NOTES. Female like that of D. sibutense, but with the throat, upper breast and sides of face light ashy grey, uniformly washed with yellow. The plate in Ibis seems to show a faint orange mark on the back of the female of D, sibutense, though no such marking is described in the text. If this is the case the female of D. sibutense differs from that of every other Philippine representative of the genus. A male from Sulu measures 3. 50 inches in length. Culmen, 53. Wing, 204. Tail, 97. Tarsus, 53. Two females from the same locality measure 331 in length. Culmen, 50. Wing, 198. Tail, 97. Tarsus. 48. Habitat: Sulu, Tawi Tawi (). Weave only females fromtawi Tawi and cannot be quite sure of the identification. 21. Prionochilus aeruginosus sp. nov. Adult male in poor plumage. Upper surface light rusty brown, washed with olive yellow on rump, upper tail coverts, outer webs of secondaries and tail feathers. Ear coverts and sides of neck lighter than crown. Lores, like side of head, bordered above and below by narrow, creamy white stripes reaching to eye. A creamy white malar stripe is separated from these and from the throat by light brown stripes of about the same width. Throat white. All the feathers with broad brown shaft markings extending to their tips give the breast a strongly striped appearance. Stripes become less sharply defined on the flanks and disappear almost entirely on the abdomen. Under tail-coverts creamy white with dark ill-defined brown spots. Under wing-coverts and axillaries creamy white. Inner webs of quills ashy grey, outer webs and tips blackish brown. Female like the male but with less olive yellow above. Young like female but lacking the distinct markings on the under surface. Measurements from three males: Length, 425 inches. Culmen, 45. Wing, 260. Tail, 142. Tarsus, 57. A female measures 400 in length. Culmen, 53. Wing, 244. Tail, 128. Tarsus, 53. Habitat: Cebu, Mindanao. 22. Prionochilus bicolor sp. nov. Adult male: Entire upper surface deep black, with faint metallic blue gloss. Entire under surface, including under wing coverts, axillaries and inner webs of quills, white. Bases of feathers of breast, flanks and abdomen slaty black. Bill, legs and feet black. Iris red. Length, 3 25 inches. Wing, 198. Tail, 96. Culmen, 42. Tar sus, 56. Habitat: Mindanao. Found in the hills back of Ayala, near Zamboanga.


504 The Philippine Journal of Science 1922 3 mm long. Corolla lobes inequilateral, oblong-elliptic, obtuse, about 8 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, the exposed parts appressed-pubescent with short hairs. Stamens 15, in pairs, the common filament flattened, oblong-ovate, 0.6 mm long, abruptly contracted into the filiform filament proper which is 0.2 mm long or less; anthers broadly ellipsoid, 0.3 mm long, glabrous, the connective prolonged as a slender filiform glabrous appendage, 1.5 to 1.7 mm long. Ovary ovoid, glabrous ; style stout, 2 mm long, apiculate. Fruit unknown. Kwangtung Province, Tung Sing, K. K. Ts'oong 2014, July 27, 1918, with the local name man ling shii. This is the first representative of the family to be found in China proper. It is apparently allied to Shorea cochinchinensis Pierre and S. harmandii Pierre, but is at once distinguished from both by its fewer-nerved leaves. MYRTACEAE EUGENIA Linnaeus EUGENIA TSOONGII sp. nov. Frutex glaber, ramis teretibus, ramulis tenuibus, acute quadrangulatis; foliis numerosis, confertis, parvis, crasse coriaceis, anguste oblongis, 1.5 ad 2.5 cm longis, obtusis, basi acutis, nervis lateralibus, obscuris vel subobsoletis ; inflorescentiis terminalibus, circiter 3 cm longis, anguste paniculatis; floribus omnibus pedicellatis, circiter 12 mm longis, calycis oblongis, 4 mm longis, 2.5 mm diametro, basi cuneatis, in siccitate rugosis, obscure angulatis, glaucescentibus, lobis reniformibus, rotundatis, 1 mm longis ; petalis orbicularis, 2 mm diametro. A glabrous shrub, the branches terete, grayish or reddish brown, the branchlets slender, sharply 4-angled, the internodes mostly 5 mm long or less. Leaves very numerous, crowded, narrowly oblong, thickly coriaceous, 1.5 to 2.5 cm long, 4 to 6 mm wide, the upper surface olivaceous, slightly shining, with small scattered pits, the lower surface a little paler, not punctate, the apex rounded, base acute, the midrib impressed on the upper surface, rather prominent on the lower surface; lateral nerves up to 10 on each side of the midrib, very obscure, sometimes obsolete or nearly so ; petioles about 1 mm long. Inflorescences terminal and in the uppermost axils, about 3 cm long, narrowly paniculate. Flowers white, all pediceled, chiefly in threes, at the tips of the ultimate branchlets, including the stamens about 12 mm long, the pedicels 1.5 to 2 mm long. Brac-


xm,c,3 Foxworthy: Philippine Dipterocarpaceae, II 177 4. DIPTEROCARPUS GRACILIS Blume. Anahaun, apitong (Tag.). Luzon, Camarines Province. Mindoro. This species is not known from any other locality in the Philippines. 5. DIPTEROCARPUS HASSELTII Blume. Panao, pagsahingan (Tag.). Luzon, Nueva Ecija and Laguna Provinces. Negros. Mindanao, Zam-boanga. 6. DIPTEROCARPUS VERNICIFLUUS Blanco. Panao, apitong, pagsahin-gan (Tag), kamuyao (Cag.), malpaho (Pol.). Luzon: Cagayan, Isabela, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Pangasinan, Nueva Ecija, Bulacan, Pampanga, Zambales, Bataan, Rizal, Laguna, Tayabas, Camarines, Albay. Polillo. Marinduque. Mindoro. Leyte. Palawan. Mindanao: Agusan (?), Surigao, Davao, Cotabato, Zamboanga. 7. DIPTEROCARPUS SUBALPINUS Foxw. in Leafl. Phil. Bot. 6 (1913) 1950. Balaou (Agusan). Mindanao, Zamboanga, For. Bur. 23837, 22007 VUlamil, For. Bur. 22761 Nave; Agusan Province. Biliran, Bur. Sci. 181487 McGregor. This species differs from Dipterocarpus vernicifluus in its more glabrous leaves and buds and generally smaller leaves, and from D. hasseltii in the smaller leaves and fruit and greater number of secondary veins. The three short wings of the fruit are also shorter than the similar wings in D. hasseltii and are not expanded nor reflexed as is the case in that species. 8. DIPTEROCARPUS CAUDATUS sp. nov. Apitong (Tag. and Bicol). Arbor magna. Folia longe caudato-acuminata, 9 ad 13 cm longa, 2.5 cm lata, glabra; nervis secundariis circa 10; petiole 1.1 ad 1.5 cm longo. Fructus globosus. This form is distinct by its small-sized, long-caudate-acuminate leaves, which are glabrous, elliptic, cuneate at base, 9 to 13 cm long, 2.5 to 5 cm wide; the long-caudate acumen about 1.5 cm long; secondary veins are about 10 pairs; petiole 1.1 to 1.5 cm long; stipules linear, ferruginous-pilose. Luzon, Camarines Province, For. Bur. 21198 Alvarez, March 28, 1914 (type) ; Albay Province, For. Bur. 10607, 10610 Curran, 1908. Very old and very young fruits picked up under the tree show this to belong to the section Sphaerales, and the leaves are sufficiently distinct to warrant its description as a new species. 9. DIPTEROCARPUS PERTURBINATUS sp. nov. Arbor magna. Folia elliptica, glabra, coriacea, a basi cuneata vel rotundata, 6.5 ad 11 cm longa, 4 ad 6.5 cm. lata; petiolo 2.5 ad 3.5 cm longo. Fructus turbinatus, 2.5 ad 3.5 cm diametro: Calycis segmentis 2 majoribus oblongis, 11 ad 13 cm longis, 3 cm latis. A large tree, with glabrous leaves and twigs and turbinate fruits. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic, acute or slightly acuminate at the apex, cuneate or rounded at the base, margins crenate, 6.5 to 11 cm long, 4 to 6.5 cm wide; petiole 2.5 to 3.5 cm long; secondary veins about 10 pairs. Fruit 2.5 to 3.5 cm in diameter,


178 The Philippine Journal of Science distinctly turbinate. Wings 11 to 13 cm long, 3 cm wide, with three principal longitudinal veins and numerous irregularly branched lateral veins. The short wings are very inconspicuous enlargements of the rim of the calyx-tube. Luzon, Tayabas Province, Pagbilao, For. Bur. 23841 F. Manuel, August 6, 1914 (type). Said to be known locally as apitong. This plant was represented by fragmentary material collected by Mr. H. M. Curran in Sorsogon Province, Luzon, in 1909. It was mentioned by me in 1911, 4 but it was not until 1914 that enough material was obtained for a full diagnosis. The following are referred here: Luzon, Laguna Province, For. Bur. 8864, 10074, 19261 Curran: Tayabas Province, For. Bur. s. n., For. Bur. 3223 Hagger, For. Bur. 6045 Kobbe, For. Bur. 12500 Rosenbluth: Albay Province, Cuming 881: Sorsogon Province, For Bur. 1056 U Curran. This species seems to be fairly common in dense forests on low ridges in some parts of Tayabas Province. 10. DIPTEROCARPUS OBCONICUS Foxw. in Leafl. Phil. Bot. 6 (1913) 1951. The leaf-form, venation, and hairiness of buds correspond very closely to those of Dipterocarpus gracilis Blume, as figured in Fl. Javae, t. 5. It is characterized by its fruit which has an obconical base. Mindanao, Agusan Province, Cabadbaran, Elmer 13498, August, 1912 (type), at 230 meters elevation. 11. DIPTEROCARPUS CUNEATUS sp. nov. Arbor magna, D. obconico similis sed glabra, petiolo longiore et calycis segmentis longioribus. Closely related to D. obconicus Foxw., but differing from that species by being glabrous, by having more slender and longer petioles, and by the narrower and longer fruit-wings. A large tree. Leaves elliptic, glabrous, 6 to 12 cm long, 2.9 to 7 cm wide, abruptly acuminate at apex, cuneate at base, margin crenulate and slightly inrolled, glabrous throughout. Secondary veins 10 to 14 pairs. Petioles 16 to 32 mm long, slender. Buds glabrous, elongate. Fruit obconic 22 to 23 mm long, 16 to 18 mm in diameter. Long wings oblanceolate, 11 to 13 cm long, 2 to 2.5 cm wide. Three principal longitudinal veins and numerous oblique and transverse veins. Luzon, Camarines Province, Mount Sanot, For. Bur. 21469 Alvarez, May 24, 1914 (type). Common name, panalsalan. 12. DIPTEROCARPUS WARBURGII Brandis; Foxworthy in Leafl Phil Bot. 6 (1913) 1952. Balaou (Manobo). Mindanao, Agusan and Davao. Luzon, Cagayan Province. 13. DIPTEROCARPUS SPECIOSUS Brandis. This species is sufficiently variable in its fruit to permit of its being 4 Phil. Journ. Sci. 6 (1911) Bot. 247, t. 39.


xm.c,3 Foxworthy: Philippine Dipterocarpaceae, II 179 considered as sometimes in the section Angulati and sometimes in the section Alati. Luzon: Tayabas, Camarines, and Albay Provinces. Negros. Basilan. 14. DIPTEROCARPUS BASILANICUS sp. nov. Arbor magna. Folia chartacea, elliptica, apice acuminatis, basi cuneatis, nervis secundariis utrinque 13, tertiariis plurimis, parallelis et reticulars, obscuris, 6 ad 11 cm longa, 2 ad 5.5 cm lata, margine undulatis, subtus pubescentibus. Floribus ignotis. Fructus 5-angulatis, 15 ad 18 mm longis, aliis late linearibus.' oblongus e basi 3-nervis, 7 ad 9 cm longis, 14 ad 21 mm latis. A tree 40 m tall and 50 cm in diameter. Leaves and twigs finer than in most Philippine species. Leaves chartaceous, elliptic, with acuminate apex and cuneate base. Under side of leaves and young twigs pubescent. Terminal buds clothed with long, pilose, silky hairs. Secondary nerves about 13. Leaves 6 to 11 cm long and 2 to 5.5 cm wide. Fruit 5-angled, 15 to 18 mm long and of about the same diameter. Angles of fruit more or less distinctly developed into wings, but thick and hard. Basilan, Mount Basilan, at 500 to 600 meters elevation, For. Bur. 18S95 Miranda, August 27, 1912 (type), For. Bur. 18896 Miranda, Bur. Sci. 16128 Reillo, August, 1912. The wood is said to be harder than that of ordinary apitong and is used for general construction. This species suggests a form referred to by King in Journ. As Soc Beng. 62 » (1893) 99: "A Perak species (Herb. Scortechini mixed with No. 1478) represented by fruits something like those of D. fagineus Vesque, but with the calyx-tube winged, not angled." It is evident that the relationship here must be very close, but identity is doubtful. This species is our only representative of the § Angulati It seems noteworthy in that section in that the angles are developed until they resemble wings. It is most closely related to Dipterocarpua fagineus Vesque, of the Malay Peninsula and Borneo, but differs from that species in having slightly smaller fruits, which are more sharply angled and with more scantily developed venation in the fruit wings. 15. DIPTEROCARPUS GRANDIFLORUS Blanco. Apitong. Luzon: Cagayan, Isabela, Ilocos Sur, Abra, Benguet, Pangasinan, Nueva Ecija, Zambales, Bataan, Bulacan, Rizal, Laguna, Tayabas, Camarines, Albay. Mindoro. Sibuyan. Panay, Capiz. Necros. Samar. Biliran. Palawan. Mindanao: Agusan, Misamis. 16. DIPTEROCARPUS PHILIPPINENSIS sp. nov. Arbor magna. Fructus alatus D. marginato Korth. similis sed minoribus. A large tree 30 m tall and 75 cm in diameter. Fruit winged, leaves of seedlings similar to those of D. vernicifiuus Blanco. Mature leaf (picked up under the tree) ovate-lanceolate, acute,


180 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 base truncate, margin entire, 19 cm long, 11 to 12 cm wide, secondary nerves 18 pairs; tertiary nerves parallel and reticulate, with stellate hairs; petiole 5 cm long. Young shoots and seedling leaves ferruginous-hairy exceedingly like the same parts in D. vernicifluus. Fruit much the size and shape of that of D. marginatus, but more constricted at the top and with ridges produced into membranaceous wings, as in D. grandiflorus Blanco. Fruit 3 to 3.5 cm long and 2 to 2.5 cm in diameter, the two long wings 15 to 17 cm long and 25 to 28 mm wide. Luzon, Bataan Province, Mount Mariveles, For. Bur. 12S95 Curran & Merritt, August 1908 (type.) The type consists of three mature fruits, two young seedlings and one adult leaf, picked up under the parent tree. There has been but the one collection. As always, where the material is picked up under the tree, there is question of the accuracy of the diagnosis. However, the collectors were very careful and it has seemed desirable to give this collection a name. In 1911 * I published a note concerning this apparently distinct form. 17. DIPTEROCARPUS ORBICULARIS sp. nov. Arbor magna. Foliis suborbicularis vel obovatis, 9 ad 22 cm longis, 6 ad 11 cm latis, acuminatis, basi cuneatis vel rotundatis; nervis secondares 9 ad 12; nervis tertiariis parallelis vel reticulars ; pagina superiore glabra, inf eriore pilosa. Fructus alatus, alae membranaceae. A large tree with brownish tomentum on twigs, petioles and underside of leaves. Leaves mostly suborbicular, some obovate, 9 to 12 cm long, 6 to 11 cm wide, with crenulate margins; apex shortly and very bluntly acuminate; base rounded or cuneate. Secondary nerves 9 to 12 pairs ; tertiary veins parallel and reticulate. Petioles 2.5 to 3.5 cm long. Twigs, buds, petioles, and margins of leaves densely clothed with long pilose hairs. Upper side of leaf glabrous, except for a few scattered hairs along the veins. Lower surface very thickly covered with large stellate hairs, many of which are set on the tertiary veins. The secondary veins and midvein are clothed, for the most part, with pilose hairs. The secondary veins unite near the margin with a fine intramarginal vein, which is very much the same size as the tertiary veins and united with them. Fruit (immature) with membranous wings as in D. grandiflorus Blanco. Luzon, Camarines Province, For. Bur. 21719 Penas, Soriano and Abellanosa, April 26, 1914 (type). This form differs from all other known species of the genus by the orbicular or nearly orbicular leaves. There are found in the collections also the following sheets, which were • Philip. Journ. Sci. 6 (1911) Bot. 253, t. 88.


xiii, c, 3 Foxworthy: Philippine Dipterocarpaceae, II 181 placed provisionally under Dipterocarpus speciosus Brandis: For. Bur. 10711 Curran, 1908 (with old fruit), For. Bur. 22646 Alvarez, 1911, For. Bur. 21737 Penas, Soriano & Abellanosa, 1914, For. Bur. 21216 Alvarez, 1914. All of these specimens were collected in Camarines Province and all were sterile, except Curran's specimen, which had fruit picked up under the tree. These all have leaves very much larger and with a larger number of secondary veins than those of the type. They may well represent another species; but, for the present, it seems well to place them under this. Villamil 44, collected in the southeastern part of British North Borneo in 1915, seems to belong with the form just mentioned. 2. ANISOPTERA Korthals Key to the Philippine species of Anisoptera a 1 . Leaves brown, hairy beneath 1. A. brunnea. a*. Leaves yellow beneath. b\ Leaves always distinctly gold-yellow beneath 2. A. eurtisii. b\ Only the young leaves golden-yellow beneath, mature leaves green beneath 3. x. sp. a*. Leaves green beneath. b 1 . Flowers white, 1 cm in diameter, in spreading erect panicles.. 5. A. mindanensis. b\ Flowers yellow, less than 1 cm in diameter, crowded in drooping panicles 4. A thurifera. 1. ANISOPTERA BRUNNEA Foxw. Afu. Luzon: Cagayan, Ilocos Norte. Samar. 2. ANISOPTERA CURTISII Dyer. Dagang. Luzon: Pangasinan, Nueva Ecija, Laguna, Tayabas, Camarines. Poullo. Negros. 3. ANISOPTERA sp. This is the form which is apparently intermediate between Anisoptera thurifera and A. eurtisii. It is known only from Bataan Province, Luzon. 4. ANISOPTERA THURIFERA (Blanco) Blume. Luzon: Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Abra, Nueva Viscaya, Pangasinan, Nueva Ecija, Zambales, Bataan, Bulacan, Rizal, Laguna, Camarines, Albay. Ticao. Mindoro. Masbate. Sibuyan. Samar. Negros. Panay: Iloilo, Capiz. Mindanao: Zamboanga. The commonest names for this species are mayapis, palosapis, and lauan. 5. ANISOPTERA MINDANENSIS sp nov. Arbor magna. Folia elliptica vel oblonga, chartacea, glabra; lamina 11.5 ad 14.5 cm longa, 5.7 ad 7 cm lata, nervis secundariis utrinque 16 ; petiolo 18 ad 20 mm longo. Flores 1.5 cm diametro. Calycis segmenta valvata, lanceolata, pubescentia. Petala oblonga vel obovata, 10 mm longa, 6 mm lata. Stamina 25 ad 30, filamentis 0.3 mm longis, antheris 0.3 ad 0.6 mm, arista 2 ad 2.5


xni,c,3 Foxworthy: Philippine Dipterocarpaceae, II 183 b 1 . Leaves not narrowly oblong. c\ Leaves broad, elliptic-oval 7. H. ovalifolia. c*. Leaves lanceolate to ovate lanceolate. d 1 . Leaves 3 to 6 cm long, with few (5 to 7) pairs of secondary veins _ 6. H. sp.. (gyam). d 2 . Leaves larger and with a greater number of veins. e 1 . Leaves long acuminate, without domatia. f 1 . Calyx-wings more than 3 cm long 9. H. maquilingensis. f. Calyx-wings less than 3 cm long 8. H. acuminata. e 3 . Leaves not long acuminate, domatia prominent. f 1 . Fruit 5 to 6 mm in diameter; wings oblanceolate. 4. H. plagata. f. Fruit up to 9 cm in diameter; wings broader, sometimes almost oblong 5. H. odorata. »*. Secondary veins not distant; leaves coriaceous, glabrous, with numerous indistinct and almost parallel secondary veins. b 1 . Leaves 8 to 12 cm long; calyx-wings 4.5 to 5 cm long.. 13. H. malibato. b 1 . Leaves and fruit smaller. c 1 . Fruit more than 1 cm long 12. H. glutinosa. c 1 . Fruit less than 1 cm long. d. 1 Fruit reddish-brown; leaves with domatia™ 10. H. pierrei. d 2 . Fruit greenish, leaves without domatia 11. H. foxworthyi. 1. HOPEA BASILANICA Foxw. Basilan. 2. HOPEA MINDANENSIS Foxw. Mindanao, Zamboanga. 3. HOPEA PHILIPPINENSIS Dyer. Luzon: Laguna, Tayabas, Camarines, Albay. Negros. Samar. Leytb. Biuran. Mindanao: Agusan, Lanao, Zamboanga. 4. HOPEA PLAGATA (Blanco) Vidal. Luzon: Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Nueva Vizcaya, Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan, Tarlac, Zambales, Bataan, Bulacan, Tayabas, Camarines, Sorsogon. Mindoro. Tablas. Bohol. Basilan. Mindanao : Cotabato, Zamboanga. 5. HOPEA ODORATA Roxb. For. Bur. 25889, 26133, Borromeo and Alhambra, both collected in Bataan Province, Luzon, in July, 1916, seem to represent this species. The material is in fruit, which looks very much like the figure given by Korthals, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. (1839-42) 75, and also much like the fruit figured in Roxburg's PI. Coromandel 3 (1819) 7, t. 210. Vidal, in his Atlas (1883) t. 15, f. A 1-5, figures a form under the name of H. odorata. The leaves and flowers are said to have come from San Miguel de Mayumo, Bulacan Province, Luzon. The form figured seems to be H. plagata, in everything except the fruit, which is copied from Korthals' figure. Hopea odorata occurs in Burma, Siam, Cochinchina, the Andamans, and Borneo. 6. HOPEA sp. (Gyam). Tawitawi. 7. HOPEA OVALIFOLIA Boerl. Mindanao: Zamboanga, Agusan. Luzon, Camarines. Samar. 8. HOPEA ACUMINATA Merr. Luzon: Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Nueva Vizcaya, La Union, Pangasinan,


186 The Philippine Journal of Science 1918 For. Bur. 23831 Villamil, Naganaga, Zamboanga, Mindanao, May, 1914, in flower; For. Bur. 25193, 25210 Alvarez, Lanao, Mindanao; For. Bur. U81S Hutchinson, Basilan, July, 1906 (in fruit) ; For. Bur. 22757 Nave, Olutanga Island, June, 1914, with immature fruit. The flowers of this species are very much like those of Pentacme contorta, but are rather larger and have the ovary distinctly pubescent. It grows in much the same situations as P. contorta, and produces the same kind of wood. It is known in southern Mindanao as malacayan bianco. The large leaves and the rather large fruit are the characters by which the species is most readily recognized. 2. PENTACME CONTORTA (Vid.) Merr. & Rolfe. Luzon: Cagayan, Isabela, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Abra, Bontoc, Benguet, Nueva Vizcaya, Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan, Zambales, Bataan, Bulacan, Rizal, Laguna, Tayabas, Camarines, Albay, Sorsogon. Polillo. Marinduque. Mindoro. Masbate. Sibuyan. Samar. Negros. Basilan. Mindanao: Agusan, Davao, Cotabato, Lanao, Zamboanga. 3. PENTACME sp. This is a very little known form, of which sterile material was once collected in Tayabas. It is not certain that it should go in this genus and will remain in doubt till more complete material is collected. 5. SHOREA Roxb. Of about one hundred species in this genus, twenty-one are known from the Philippines. These include several of our most important woods. Most red lauan and mangasinoro, all tanguile and guijo, and some kinds of yacals and white lauans are produced by species of Shorea. Collectively, the members of this genus produce at least 35 per cent by volume of the stand of our commercial forests. There is considerable variation in leaf, bark, and wood characters. Some of the species have been collected only in flower, others in fruit, and yet others only with sterile material. This has made it difficult to be sure of the specific identification in a number of instances and has made it very difficult to prepare a key to the Philippine species. In a number of cases, it has not been practicable to refer collections to any particular species, and most of these cases have been left out of consideration in preparing the key. I have found it necessary to use wood characters for the main divisions of the key, in default of sufficiently sharp leaf differences. Key to the Philippine species of Shorea. a.Wood very hard and heavy, dark-yellowish, or yellowish-brown. The yacals. b\ Leaves the same color on both surfaces 18. S. scrobiculata. b*. Leaves lighter colored beneath. c*. Leaves cuneate or subcuneate at base. cf. Secondary nerves 8 or 9 pairs 2. S. ciliata. <F. Secondary nerves about 14 pairs 4. S. malibato. c*. Leaves rounded at base. d\ Style very short or wanting. 3. fir. astylosa. <f . Style distinct. e\ Leaves ovate-oblong 16 cm long, 7 cm wide.. 1. S. balangeran. e\ Leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate 8.5 to 12 cm long, 3 to 6 cm wide 5. s. falciferoides.


188 The Philippine Journal of Science wis 2. SHOREA CILIATA King. This species has previously been reported only from Penang. It is represented by For. Bur. 22788 Tabat, collected in flower April 20, 1914, at Pinagcamaligan, Tayabas Province, Luzon, growing in lowland forest. It is known by the local name yacal. It matches very closely the description of the species in the flowers and leaves. The fruit has not yet been collected in the Philippines. It is represented also by Bur. Sci. 18575 McGregor, in flower, collected on Biliran Island, May 24, 1914. This is a large tree with smooth brownish bark and yellowish inner bark, which is very resinous. The leaves are coriaceous, glabrous above, lighter colored, sometimes almost glaucous, and slightly pubescent beneath, elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate at apex, cuneate at base, 6.5 to 9 cm long, 2.4 to 3.4 cm wide; petiole brownish, sometimes pubescent, 12 to 15 mm long; secondary veins 8 or 9 pairs, tertiary veins parallel and reticulate. Flowers yellowish, with sweet odor. 3. SHOREA ASTYLOSA sp. nov. Arbor excelsa. Folia ovata, acuminata, basi rotundata, glabra; nervis secundariis utrinque 8 ad 12. S. balangeran similis sed foliis brevioribus et staminibus ciliatis. A very large tree, 25 to 30 m tall and 1 m or more in diameter. Wood very hard, dark brownish-yellow, resinous. Leaves ovate, entire, margins slightly inrolled, rounded at base, acuminate at. apex, glabrous on upper surface and only slightly puberulent beneath, lighter-colored beneath, coriaceous, shining, 6.5 to 9 cm long, 3.5 to 4.5 cm wide ; petioles dark-colored, slender, 1 to 2 cm long. Twigs very dark, almost black. Secondary veins 8 to 12 pairs, tertiary veins fine, parallel and reticulate, almost as distinct above as below. Flowers pale to rusty yellow with a sweet odor. Inflorescence axillary, paniculate, less than 5 cm long. Branches of inflorescence, calyx and outside of corolla grayish pubescent. Sepals broadly ovate, grayish pubescent on the outside, smoother within, concave, imbricate, 1.5 mm long and wide. Petals oblonglanceolate, rusty yellow, 8 mm long, 2 mm wide, rounded at apex, more or less twisted, convolute in bud, concave, grayish pubescent on the outside and faintly puberulous within. Stamens 20 to 30, less than 1 mm long, filaments short, anther cells elliptic-oblong, about 0.2 mm long, appendix to connective ciliate about 0.3 mm long. Ovary pyramidal or conical, grayish pubescent, 1.5 mm tall and about 1 mm in diameter at the base, bluntly rounded at the apex. Style practically absent or very short. Fruit unknown. Mindanao, Zamboanga Province, For. Bur. 13271 Foxworthy, De Mesa, & Villamil, May 8, 1912, collected on a bluff overlooking a swamp at the edge of Dumanquilas Bay (type) . Local name, yacal. This species differs from Shorea balangeran by the shorter and relatively broader leaves, with a smaller number of secondary veins; the smaller size


xiii, c. 3 Foxworthy: Philippine Dipterocarpaceae, II 189 of the flowers; and the almost or complete absence of a style. It differs from S. cihata in the broader leaves, which are rounded at the base-and m the petals, ovary and style. It is further represented by the following specimens : 6 Mindanao, Zamboanga Province, For. Bur. 28:886, 28885 21992 21999 VMamil, May, 1914, For. Bur. 13287 Foxworthy, De Mesa, & Villamil, May, 1912; Agusan Province, For. Bur. 2U88 Miras, Soriano, & Mariano-Luzon Camarines Province, For. Bur. 21US2, 2U60 Alvarez, May, 1914. 4. SHOREA MALIBATO Foxw. in Leafl. Phil. Bot. 6 (1913) 1955. This is represented by the original collection from Agusan Province Mindanao. The leaves resemble those of Shorea ciliata, but the fruit is smaller and the long calyx-lobes have more numerous longitudinal nerves For. Bur. 22786 Miranda, collected in Zamboanga Province, Mindanao, August 17, 1914, under the name of guijo amarillo, has fruit which seems to be intermediate between that of Shorea malibato and S. ciliata The fruit is slightly larger than that of S. ciliata and the wings are those of S. malibato. 5. SHOREA FALCIFEROIDES sp. nov. Yamban matibia (Zambales). Arbor magna. Foliis et f ructibus 5. falciferae similis sed foliis majoribus et fructibus minoribus. A large tree with oblong to oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous leaves which are glabrous or nearly so and dark green above, distinctly lighter and finely pubescent beneath, 8.5 to 12 cm long, 3 to 6 cm wide, rather abruptly blunt acuminate at apex, rounded at base; secondary veins 12 to 14 pairs, occasionally with domatia in the axils of some of the lower veins, tertiary veins not conspicuous ; petiole 15 to 20 mm long, grayish pubescent, as are also the twigs and the branches of the flower clusters. Stipules small, deciduous. Fruit conical gray pubescent, tapering into the hairy* persistent style, 7 to 8 mm in diameter and 7 to 10 mm tall. The three long calyx-lobes 4 to 5 cm long, 10 to 12 mm wide, grayish pubescent, oblanceolate, with 8 to 10 principal longitudinal veins and numerous irregular cross-veins, the short wings 2.5 to 3 cm long, 2 to 3 mm wide, oblanceolate, with about the same number of longitudinal veins as the larger wings. Flowers unknown. Luzon, Zambales Province, Masinloc, For. Bur. 2566U Mayor, June 8 1916 (type). This form resembles Shorea falcifera Dyer but has larger and differently shaped leaves, with a greater number of veins and smaller fruits. The wood is said to be of very good quality and to be used for structural work. 6. SHOREA MALAANONAN (Blanco) Blume in Mus. Lugd. Bat. 2 (1852) 34; Foxw. in Phil. Journ. Sci. 6 (1911) Bot. 270. Mocanera malaanonan Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 858. Dipterocarpus malaanonan Blanco, Fl. Filip. ed. 2 (1845) 312. This species is still but little known. Blanco's description is not a close one and the material referred to this species presents considerable variation. Other species that have been considered as belonging here are Parashorea


190 The Philippine Journal of Science isis plicata and Shorea polita. The principal reason for considering the first as a possibility is that it has the underside of the leaves whitish and is sometimes known by the common name of malaanonan. Both of these conditions are met by the other two species. Blanco's description refers to three long calyx lobes in the fruit, which would certainly indicate Shorea rather than Parashorea. The description also mentions three stigmas, which is not the case in Parashorea plicata. It is often known as lauan or malaanonan. The common names reported for it from different provinces are: Litoc (Cagayan) ; apnit (Ilocos Sur) ; lauan or lauan puti (Nueva Ecija, Zambales, and Tayabas) • malaanonang (Rizal) ; baliuisiuis (Pang.). Much of our material is sterile and some of the material referred here is very doubtfully identified. Shorea polita Vid. I now believe to be a distinct species, differing from S. malaanonan by the smaller leaves. The fruit of the two forms is very similar. Luzon: Cagayan, Ilocos Sur, Pangasinan, Nueva Ecija, Zambales, Rizal, Tayabas. 7. SHOREA POLITA Vidal Sinopsis, Atlas (1883) 15, t. 15, f. d. In my former paper I placed this, mistakenly, with S. malaanonan, from which it seems to be distinct. It is known by the following local names: Litoc (Cagayan) ; lauan (Zambales) ; malaanonang (Rizal) ; danlig (Rizal) ; and mangasinoro (Tayabas). Luzon: Cagayan, Zambales, ' Rizal, Tayabas. 8. SHOREA PHILIPPINENSIS Brandis. We are no nearer to understanding this species than we were six years since. Luzon: Bulacan, Bataan, Tayabas. Ticao. Leyte. 9. SHOREA PALLIDA sp. nov. Arbor, ramuli pilis stellatis tecti. Folia coriacea elliptica, brevissime acuminata, basi rotundata vel subcordata, petiolis et subtus foliis pilis stellatis obtectis, nervis secundariis utrinque 12 ad 15, tertiariis conspicuis. Fructus ovoideus, alae 3 oblongospatulatae, 7 cm longae, 16 mm latae. A large tree 30 m high and 75 cm in diameter. Wood white to brownish, soft, wood parenchyma lines and lines of resin canals inconspicuous or wanting. Vessels arranged in more or less regular patterns. Wood resembling that of Pentacme in appearance. Leaves elliptic, coriaceous, pallid above and beneath when dry, the very young leaves being darker in color, bluntly acuminate at apex, rounded or subcordate at base, 5 to 9 cm long, 3 to 5 cm wide. Secondary nerves 12 to 15 pairs, tertiary nerves distinct. Petioles short, 8 to 9 mm long, pubescent. Stipular-bracts enclosing the bud triangular-ovate, rather large and semipersistent, with several longitudinal nerves; stipules leaving a distinct scar on falling. Twigs dark colored, pubescent, with short internodes. Fruit ovoid, about 1 cm long and about the same diameter, enclosed by the bases of the calyx lobes ; three


xl i.e. 3 Foxworthy: Philippine Dipteroqp,rpaceae, II 191 wings longer than the rest, oblong-spatulate, 7 cm long, 16 mm wide, with 10 to 12 longitudinal veins and numerous reticulate cross veins ; the shorter wings 4 to 6 cm long and 5 to 6 mm wide, with only 5 or 6 long nerves. Fruit green when fresh, reddish brown when dry. Luzon, Cagayan Province, on river bank at Missionis near the coast, For. Bur. 17158 Curran, March, 1909 (type). Common name saray. Other collections: For. Bur. 17652 Curran, Laguna, February, 1910 (sterile) ; For. Bur. s. n. Curran, Cagayan, February, 1912 (fallen fruit picked up from the ground) ; For. Bur. 12996 Bernardo, Cagayan, July, 1911 (in fruit) ; For. Bur. 708U Klemme, Cagayan, May, 1907. This form was noted in a previous article. 10. SHOREA GUISO (Blanco) Blume. Luzon: Cagayan, Isabela, Bontoc, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Abra, Union, Nueva Vizcaya, Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan, Tarlac, Zambales, Bataan, Pampanga, Bulacan, Rizal, Laguna, Batangas, Tayabas, Camarines, Albay, Sorsogon. Marinduque. Ticao. Mindoro. Masbate. Samar. Leyte. Negros. Panay, Capiz. Mindanao: Agusan, Misamis, Davao, Cotabato, Zamboanga. 11. SHOREA sp. (pubescent guijo). Luzon: Bataan, Zambales, Pampanga, Laguna. 12. SHOREA SQUAMATA (Turcz.) Dyer. Luzon: Cagayan, Isabela, Ilocos Norte, Nueva Ecija, Bulacan, Rizal, Laguna, Tayabas, Camarines, Albay, Sorsogon. Polillo. Marinduque. Mindoro. Samar. Leyte. Bohol. Biliran. Basilan. Mindanao: Surigao, Agusan, Misamis, Davao, Lanao, Zamboanga. 13. SHOREA RUGOSA Heim. Mindanao, Zamboanga, For. Bur. 13293 Foxworthy, De Mesa & Villamil, in fruit, May 17, 1912. This was previously known only from Borneo. It resembles Shorea eximia but differs by the scurfy twigs and the smaller, stellate-pubescent fruits. The wood is a red lauan. 14. SHORA EXIMIA (Miq.) Scheffer. Luzon: Tayabas, Camarines, Albay, Sorsogon. Samar. Negros. Basilan. Mindanao, Agusan, Lanao, Zamboanga. 15. SHOREA POLYSPERMA (Blanco) Merr. Luzon: Cagayan, Isabela, Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, Nueva Ecija, Bulacan, Zambales, Bataan, Laguna, Tayabas, Camarines, Albay, Sorsogon. Marinduque. Samar. Leyte. Cebu. Mindoro. Negros. Panay, Capiz. Biliran. Basilan. Mindanao: Surigao, Cotabato. This species seems to be very variable in fruit characters. 16. SHOREA WARBURGII Gilg. This may be not distinct from Shorea polyspermia, but I am not sure of it. It seems to have broader leaves than that species. Our material is sterile and is from Cagayan Province, Luzon, and from Samar. Philip. Journ. Bot. 6 (1911) Bot. 272.


192 The Philippine Journal of Science »« 17. SHOREA TEYSMANNIANA Dyer. Luzon: Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Nueva Ecija, Bulacan, Laguna Tayabas Camarines, Sorsogon. Polillo. Mindanao: Agusan. This species has not yet been found in flower or fruit. 18. SHOREA SCROBICULATA Burck. Luzon, Tayabas Province, For. Bur. 22712, July 30, 1914 This differs from the type of Shorea scrobiculata in having generally smaller leaves and fruits and in the longer and more slender wings to the fruits. Its general appearance is so like the species, however, that it is thought best to place it with S. scrobiculata, for the present. Credited with being a yacal. The species, till now, has been known only from Borneo. 19. SHOREA NEGROSENSIS Foxw. LUZON: Cagayan, Isabela, Laguna, Tayabas, Albay, Sorsogon. NEGROS. MINDANAO: Surigao, Agusan. 20. SHOREA PLAGATA sp. nov. § Anthoshorea. Arbor magma, 40 ra alta, 90 cm diametro. Cortex nigro crasso, squamuloso. Folia coriacea, ovato-lanceolata vel ellipticaamina 6 ad 12 cm longa, 3 ad 5.5 cm lata; petiolo 12 ad 15 mm ongo, nigro. Nervis secundariis 9 ad 12, plerumque 10. Stipule parvae, fugaceae. Paniculae terminates. Flores ignota Fructus ovoideus, sericeus, 12 ad 15 mm longus, 11 mm diametro. Ovarium, conoideum sericeum. Stylopodium 0. Stylus conicus, sericeus. Alae 5, 3 majora 7 cm longa, 12 ad 16 mm lata ; nerviis longitudinahs 7 ad 10, reticulatis. A very large tree with thick black, furrowed or scaly bark Heartwood dark red, moderately hard and light. A fine grade of red lauan but harder and heavier than is usually the case with that wood. It has some resemblance to guijo and is locally known by that name. It grouws with other Dipterocarps in tall forest. The fruit, when fresh, showed a distinct reddish tinge in the wings, the nut being covered with a pale silky pubescence. The fruit is eaten by the forest animals very quickly after its fall. MINDANAO, Zamboanga District, Port Banga, For. Bur. 13758, Foxworthy, De Mesa & Villamil, June 17, 1912 (type). This species was first collected by Whitford & Hutchinson, For. Bur. 9174, 9493, in the same neighborhood, in December and January, 1907 and 1908. More recent collections have been (all of them from the same part of the Zamboanga Peninsula): For. Bur. 14210, Foxworthy, De Mesa & Villamil, June, 1912 (with the name malacayan colorado); For. Bur. 20266, Stadtmiller & Ferraris, January 1913. The specific name "plagata" is given because of the resemblance of the leaves to those of Hopea plagata. It is allied to Shorea selanica Blume and apparently also is rather closely related to Shorea warburgii Gilg. 21. SHOREA MINDANENSIS sp. nov. § Anthoshorea. Arbor magna. Folia late ovata, elliptica vel oblonga, 6.5 ad


xin. c, 3 Foxworthy: Philippine Dipterocarpaceae, II 193 10.5 cm longa, 4.3 ad 6.5 cm lata, glabra, apice retusa, abrupte acuminata, basi rotundata vel subcuneata. Nervis secundaria circa 14, tertiariis parallelis et reticulatis, non conspicuis. Pe~ tiolo 2 ad 2.5 cm longo. Stamina connectivi appendice quam loculis anthereae 2-3-plo longiore. Filamenta brevis. Stylopodio nullo. Ovario depresse conico. Stylo longo. Fructus viridis; alae longiores, circa 5 cm longae et 1 cm latae, breviores circa 2 cm longae, fructus circiter 1 cm longus. A large tree, 35 to 50 m tall and 50 to 150 cm in diameter. Bark thick, dark, and furrowed longitudinally. Leaves broadly elliptic to oblong, usually retuse at the apex, sometimes shortly and very bluntly acuminate. Base rounded or subcuneate, 6.5 to 10.5 cm long, 4.3 to 6.5 cm broad, glabrous on both surfaces. Secondary nerves about 14 pairs, tertiary veins parallel and reticulate, not very prominent. Petioles 2 to 2.5 cm long. Flowers (picked up on ground under the tree) with appendix to connective 2 to 3 times as long as anther cells. Filaments short, less than half the length of anther. No stylopodium. Ovary flatly conical. Style long and slender. Stigma 3-lobed. Ovary and lower part of style pubescent. Fruit green when fresh; the three long wings about 5 cm long and up to 1 cm wide, the two short wings about 2 cm long. Fruit about 1 cm long. Basilan, For. Bur. 13769 Foxworthy, De Mesa & Villamil, April 27, 1912 (type). The flowers were picked up from the ground. They had evidently been borne a week or two earlier. It is locally known as kalunti and is one of the very common timber trees in Basilan and southern Mindanao. Other collections of this species are: For. Bur. 13768 Foxworthy, De Mesa & Villamil, Basilan, April 27, 1912; For. Bur. 13902, Zamboanga, same collectors, June, 1912; For. Bur. 9076, 9130 Whitford & Hutchinson, Zamboanga, Dec. 1907, also 9372, same place, Jan. 1908; For. Bur. 1329U Foxworthy, De Mesa & Villamil, Zamboanga, May 17, 1912. This was known as kalunti Colorado and is possibly a distinct species. For. Bur. 13289 Foxworthy, De Mesa & Villamil, opposite Olutanga Island, May 16, 1912, is possibly a distinct species. It was collected under the name of mangasinoro. Fruit described from immature material. Base green, wings maroon color. Fruits borne in a panicle. Two small and three long wings, enclosing the fruit very closely. The large wings 3.5 to 7 cm long and 7 to 11 cm wide, with about 10 nerves. Short wings 1.8 to 2 cm long and 2 to 3 mm wide. Very abundant fruiting, but much the largest part of the seeds drop before maturing. 6. PARASHOREA Kurz Key to the Philippine species of Parashorea. a 1 . Fruit less than 1 cm in diameter 1. P. plicata. a 1 . Fruit 2 cm in diameter 2. P. warburgii.


194 The Philippine Journal of Science 191« 1. PARASHOREA PLICATA Brandis. Luzon: Nueva Ecija, Bulacan, Rizal, Laguna, Tayabas, Camarines Albay, Sorsogon. Polillo. Catanduanes. Masbate. Samar Leyte Cebu. Negros. Panay, Capiz. Biliran. Mindanao: Surigao, Agusan Davao, Zamboanga. This is one of the most abundant and widely distributed species in the regions of even rainfall. 2. PARASHOREA WARBURGII Brandis in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 31 (1895) 10, Foxw. in Leafl. Phil. Bot. 6 (1913) 1954, Mindanao: Davao and Agusan. 7. ISOPTERA Scheffer 1. ISOPTERA BORNEENSIS Scheffer. Plate I. This species was collected in fruit May 26, 1914, by Ranger Oliveros, in the Zamboanga Peninsula, Mindanao, For. Bur. 23829 and 2S8S9 It was also collected, in the same locality, two months later by Rangers Acuna and Belen For. Bur. 22683. This is the first time that this genus h as been reported from the Philippines. The specimens seem to match very well material collected in Borneo. The species is also known from the Malay Peninsula and Bangka. 8. BALANOCARPUS Beddome This genus ii distinct by reason of its calyx-lobes, which are pointed and shorter than the fruit. The trees of this genus are of large size and have very hard wood which is a fine grade of yacal. Sixteen species are known, mainly from the Malay Peninsula and Borneo. Key to the Philippine species of Balanocarpus. Calyx wings only about one-half as long as the frit; leaves narrowly poblong Calyx-wings nearly as long as fruit; leaves lanceolate. 2. B. brachyptera. 1. BALANOCARPUS CAGAYANENSIS sp. nov. Plate II. Arbor magna. Foliis chartaceis, oblongis, acuminatis, basi cuneatis, rotundatis admodum leviter inaequilateralibus 7 ad 13 cm longis, 2 ad 4 cm latis. Nervis secundariis 10 ad 12, tertiariis approximate, parallel. Calycis segmentis quam fructibus duplo brevionbus. A large tree. Leaves oblong, acuminate, faintly cuneate, slightly rounded, or slightly inequilateral at the base, 7 to 13 cm irTf Vo 4 Cm WidG ' maFgin Slightly inrolled -Secondary nerves 10 to 12 pairs, with occasional intermediate short veins Ter tiary veins approximate, mostly parallel. Domatia in axils of secondary veins. Glabrous above and almost glabrous beneath, occasional scattered hairs. Flower clusters not distinctly unilateral, black or dark gray. Petals yellowish-brown in dried material about twice as long as sepals. Petals pale-sericeous on the outside, glabrous within. Stamens with filaments expanded


xiii. c, 3 Foxworthy: Philippine Dipterocarpaceae, II \% at the base, attached to base of petals and, more or less, to each other, forming at least an indication of a monadelphous condition. Anthers almost round and equal. Connective prolonged into a tapering awn, distinctly longer than the anther.' Gynoecium hour-glass shaped, the ovary subspherical, the stylopodium as long as the ovary and almost columnar. The stylopodium abruptly narrowed into the style, which is rather less than half as long. The stigma is shallowly notched. Fruit 1 to 1.3 cm long and about 1 cm in diameter, roughly conical, apiculate. Calyx-wings of about equal length and less than two-thirds the height of the fruit. The wood is said to be more durable than that of Molave (Vitex spp.). Luzon, Cagayan Province, near Claveria, For. Bur. 19987 Bernardo, August, 1913 (type). It is also represented by the following specimens: For. Bur. 20453 Bernardo, in flower, May 30, 1913; For. Bur. 1777b, 17775, 17776 Curran, and For. Bur. 20454-All of these are from the same part of the province as the type. The local name is narec. The stylopodium resembles that of Hopea helferi Brandis, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 31 (1895) p. 62, t. 2, f. 2, but is relatively longer. The stamens are like those of H. helferi (1. c. fig. 1) and like those figured for H. javanica Burck, Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 2 (1887) 235, t. 29, f. 7. Some sterile material in the herbarium representing collections in some other provinces may belong here, but the identifications are very doubtful. 2. BALANOCARPUS BRACHYPTERA sp. nov. Arbor. Folia chartacea, elliptica, oblonga vel ovato-lanceolata, breviter acuminata, basi rotundata vel subcuneata, margine crenulata, glabra, 5.8 ad 7.3 cm longa, 2.7 ad 3.8 cm lata; nervis secundariis 10 ad 12, tertiariis inconspicue reticulatis; petiolo 3 ad 5 mm longo. Fructus ovoideus, circiter 1 cm longus. A medium sized tree. Leaves chartaceous, elliptic or oblong to ovate-lanceolate, apex blunt-acuminate, base rounded or subcuneate, margin crenulate, glabrous except along the principal veins, where there is a sparse pubescence, mainly of grayish pilose hairs, with hairy domatia in the axils of veins on under side of leaf, 5.8 to 7.3 cm long, 2.7 to 3.8 cm wide. Secondary veins 10 to 12 pairs, tertiary veins rather indistinct, mainly reticulate ; petioles 3 to 5 mm long. Flowers unknown. Fruits ovoid, about 1 cm long and 9 mm in diameter, borne in short axillary panicles. Calyx-lobes triangular-ovate, imbricate, rather closely surrounding the fruit, and a little shorter than the fruit. Margins of the sepals frequently brownish and scarious, in one immature fruit, very slightly reflexed. Fruit conical, faintly pubescent, with thin pericarp, the short style projecting through a small circular depression at the apex. Style glabrous, about 0.5 mm. long.


196 The Philippine Journal of Science ms Mindanao, Zamboanga Province, Naganaga, For. Bur. SI 895 Villamil, May 18, 1914 (type). Also For. Bur. 9. VATICA Linnaeus Key to the Philippine species of Vatica. a 1 . Leaves obtusely rounded at both ends 2. V. obtusifolia. a*. .Leaves acute or acuminate at apex. b\ Stigma distinctly lobed, not glandular 1. V. mangachapoi. &'. Stigma capitate and glandular. c 1 . Style gray-tomentose „ 5. V. sorsogonensis. c\ Style glabrous. d\ Secondary veins about 7 pairs 3. V. blancoana. 0?. Secondary veins 11 to 14 pairs 4. V. mindanensis. 1. VATICA MANGACHAPOI Blanco. Babuyan Isands. Luzon: Cagayan, Benguet, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Union, Pangasinan, Nueva Ecija, Zambales, Bataan, Rizal, Laguna, Tayabas, Camarines, Albay. Samar. Leyte. Panay. Mindanao: Agusan, Davao, Cotabato, Lanao, Olutanga, Zamboanga. Basilan. This species is quite variable in texture and in the arrangement of its leaves. There is also a considerable variation in the amount of pubescence on the twigs and inflorescences. 2. VATICA OBTUSIFOLIA Elmer in Leafl. Phil. Bot. 4 (1912) 1471. Known only from Palawan. 3. VATICA BLANCOANA Elmer in Leafl. Phil. Bot. 4 (1912) 1473. Known only from Palawan. 4. VATICA MINDANENSIS Foxw. in Leafl. Phil. Bot. 6 (1913) 1957. Mindanao, Agusan. Leyte. Negros. Some of the forms credited here have fruits larger than those in the type. 5. VATICA SORSOGONENSIS sp. nov. Arbor magna. Folia chartacea, glabra, 5 ad 10 cm longa, 2.3 ad 8 cm lata, acuminata, ad basin rotundata vel cuneata; nervis secundariis 11 ad 13; petiolo 14 ad 20 mm longo, ferruginopubescente. Floribus paniculatis, axillaribus, 1.5 cm diametro. Fructibus ovoideus, tomentosus, 4 ad 5 mm longus, aliis oblanceolatis vel oblongis, 3.5 ad 4.5 cm longis, 9 ad 10 mm latis, pubescentibus. A tree, 12 m high and 60 cm in diam. Leaves chartaceous, glabrous, except along the veins, dark green above, much lighter beneath, 5 to 10 cm long, 2.3 to 8 cm wide, acuminate, rounded or cuneate at the base, secondary veins 11 to 13 pairs; tertiary veins reticulate, more distinct on lower side of leaf; petiole 14 to 20 mm long, ferruginous-pubescent, as are also the twigs, buds, the branches of the inflorescence and the lower part of the midrib of the leaf. Inflorescence paniculate, axillary, 2 to 4 cm long, near the ends of the branches. Flowers about 1.5 cm in


xiii, c, 3 Foxworthy: Philippine Dipterocarpaceae, II 197 diameter. Sepals thick, coriaceous, 2.5 to 3 mm long, 1.3 mm wide, almost triangular, densely gray-tomentose. Petals broadly oblong, densely tomentose without and within, about 10 mm long and 6 mm wide, with indications of 7 or 8 principal longitudinal veins ; the petals become irregularly distorted in drying and are hard to straighten out. Stamens 15, arranged in groups, 1.5 mm long, 0.4 mm in diameter, filaments thick and broad at the base, tapering to about 0.3 mm in diameter below the attachment of the anthers; total length of filament about 0.8 mm; anthers ellipsoid, the inner pair smaller than the outer, 0.2-0.3 mm long, connective blunt-conical, projecting beyond the anthers for about 0.1 to 0.15 mm. Ovary rather hemispheric, about 1.7 mm high and 2 mm in diameter, densely grayish tomentose, with indication of division into 3 lobes. Style tapering, cylindric, about 2 mm long, densely grayish tomentose, about 0.4 mm in diameter at the base and 0.2 mm at apex. Stigma apparently capitate and glandular. Ovary 2-celled. Fruit gray-tomentose, ovoid 4 to 5 mm tall, sometimes with the persistent style, often somewhat resinous. The two long wings oblanceolate or oblong, 3.5 to 4.5 cm long, 9 to 10 mm wide, with five principal distinct longitudinal nerves and numerous less distinct reticulate cross veins. Wings pubescent throughout. Short wings lanceolate, about 1 cm long and 1 mm wide, with pubescence so dense as to obscure the longitudinal nerves. Luzon, Sorsogon Province, Irosin, 16840 Elmer, August, 1916, (type). Field note: "Medium-sized tree in woodlands along streams at 1,000 feet facing the Pacific. Trunk terete, somewhat crooked, 2 feet thick, 40 feet high, mainly branched toward the top; wood whitish on the outside, moderately hard; bark thick, smoothish and chalky white blotched, ochroleucous otherwise; main branches divaricate, not long but repeatedly branched; leaves chartaceous, con duplicate, descending, slightly paler green beneath, points recurved, fruit wings pale yellowish green, turning dull purple, the nut ovoid, green or yellowish green." This is most nearly related to Vatica lowii King, from which it differs by the smaller size of the fruit, the fewer veins to the leaf, and the much larger size of the flowers. Several other species of this genus seem to be represented in our collections by sterile material. Their identification will have to wait until more complete material is collected. [Vol. XIII, No. 1, including pages 1 to 66, was issued February 25, 1918, and No. 2, including pages 67 to 122, was issued May 9, 1918.]


THE ANIMAL LIFE OF THE GROUP. 479 dance, while such genera as Pavouia, Favia, Leptastrea and fipjuisln t occur in isolated places here and there in certain favorable locality is. The mushroom coral--' or huahua akai, forms a rejiiarkable group of solitary corals that are fairly common, especially in his or reef pools on the outer edge of the reef. They take their name from their i-csciiiljlanco to the inverted head of an expanded mushroom. They are remarkable and beaulifiil objects, and make handsome souvenirs of a day's visit to a coral reef. The "sea mushroom" or in fact any of the corals, can be easily cleaned if they are placed in a bucket of fresh water before they have been out of Ibe seawater long enough for the animal to die and begin to dry up. Ivuli day or so the water should be changed and the macerating animal washed out by a stream of water from the hydrant. When thoroughly cleansed the coi-il should be placed on a clean board in the sun to bleach. Perhaps the most strikingly beautiful of the stalked corals is a species which so far has only been found on Oahu. growing on the edge of the small coral islands in Kaneohe Bay. When alive the animal is a rich red-orange color and has the top of each short branch surrounded by a single orange-yellow polyp that when expanded is three-fourths of an inch in diameter. On the approach of danger the animal can completely withdraw within the cup in which it lives. So far as known, the bi-ain corals have never been taken in Hawaiian waters. They, together with many other forms offered for sale in the curiosity shops of Honolulu, doubtless come from the islands of the south Pacific or from the Philippines. The Eight-rayed Corals. While the Alcyonarians are seldom seen by the reef collector-. it is a matter of interest to know that of the sixty-eight species of the "eight-rayed corals" taken by the Albatross on its epoch-making cruise about the islands, thirty-nine were described as new to science in Dr. 0. (. Xuhinu's i-leporis on ihe material. He states that of the three orders of Alciotiaria discussed in his paper, the first-including the colonial forms, usually typitiml by the organ-pipe coral, are represented by only five species. Sea-pens and Ska-fans. The order-' including the sea-pens and similar forms when-e tlu' colonies are arranged bilaterally and symmetrically on an axial stem. ha-e site species in the off-shore fauna. The sea-fans. sea-iluines and their allies loi-m the most abundant order-Like the otheiorders of the class, they nil have eight-rayed polyps. The beautiful hoi-ny li-ee oi-bush-like growth 1o be seen in museums, however, gives but little idea of the iiiieai-ance of the living animal. Forty-eight species ai-e included m the list of Hawaiian species. but 0 Funmidfv. Dmidroiihiuin bikini. ' JcfJcfuifcihoAlcyonarta: 3n pinnliilii-i-a. Gorffonacea.


119 Kays.— Clear. 130-135. Yellow. Conspicuous though fine; somewhat sinuous round pores, but generally give appearance of straightness. Up to l-10tli inch deep; very conspicuous bands of silver back. gram on quarter; not distinctive Pores.— 2,000 to 3,000, rather on evenly scattered single and radially septate (2). tissue. — Little ladder runers finer than Soft a 1 1 d Surround rungs linking up, the rays very i regularly, pores in the road or run at a tangent to them. General. — A pleasant yellow timber with pretty silver quarter grain. Solution wood: colourless; no precipitate. Cuts rather hard, but very clean; 40 lb. per cubic foot. Locality. — Wanapa; 1,000 feet. Date. — Fruits in June. Native names. — If oka (Suku). Material collected. — Leaves, fruit, bark, wood. Garcinia sp., No. 130. A medium-sized tree. Leaves. — Simple, opposite; petiole, J inch; blade, 5 to 6| x 2^ to 2f inches; oval to obovate, acuminate, glabrous, entire, thin. Fruit. — A very pale-green pontine, 1^ inches diameter; it is edible. Rays. — Clear. 165; yellow; slightly sinuous; show up as specks on the quarter. Pores. — Clear. 3,000 to 3,500; single and radially septate (2), evenly scattered. Soft tissue. — Clear. 140 to 200 lines to the inch, about same thickness as rays; wavy, broken by coarse rays; linking, surrounding, and crossing pores. General. — -A yellow wood with a straight grain and a good surface. Solution wood; colourless; no precipitate. Cuts hard; 57 lb. per cubic foot. Bark. — Solution colourless; no precipitate. Locality. — Aroa. It is common all round the Territory on the low lands. Date.— 22nd May, 1922. Native names. — Bio-bio. Remarks. — A fruit worth attention for cultivation ; it is much larger than its sister No. 58, and is sweeter to the palate. Material collected. — Leaves, fruit, wood, and bark. Garcinia sp., No. 584. A small tree, 45 feet high. A tree of the third story. Leaves. — Opposite. Fruit. — Pomme. Bark. — Exudes a yellow latex. Locality. — Yunsain. Date. — December, 1923. Material collected. — Leaves and fruit. DIPTEROCARPACEAE Anisoptera polyandra Bl., Nos. 136, 223; Indt., No. 112; Hopea papuana Diels?, No. 113; Vatica papuana, Nos. 327a, 435. Anisoptera polyandra BL, Nos. 136 and 223. Large tree up to 13 feet girth, and 100 feet of bole; 130 feet over all. Average dimensions, S x 70 feet bole. Not buttressed. Leaves. — Simple, alternate, exstipulate; petiole, f to 1 inch; blade, 3 to \\ x \\ to 2 inches; oblanceolate, glabrous; yellow to rusty below; light green above; acute. The leaves of saplings are much larger; petiole, 2| inches; blade, 6 to 12 x 4-i-to 5 inches. Elliptical, acuminate; scattered hairs below; midrib pubescent; glabrous above. Fruit. Nnt 7s" inch with calyx, two lobes of which enveloping persistent wings, 4| to 5 x f inches. are developed into Bark. — Grey, with a tinge of red-brown; pustular; longitudinally lined at top; flatly ridged at butt. Inner bark streaked with yellow. Wood. — Sap undefined, pale yellow. Rays. — Clear. 110 yellov rather straight. except for kinks round pores here and there; l-60th inch deep; show up as wavy lines on quarter, between Pores. — Clear. 5,000, rays ; usually diagonally, distinct, evenly strung then single, rarely septate, Soft tissue. — Rare and in-being fine concentric very nne concentric continuous rings, about three to the inch. General. A very pale-yellow to Straight grained. light-brown resinous Solution wood : colour-wood. less; no precipitate. Cuts a little hard; 43 lb. per cubic foot. Locality. — Buna to Wire Rope. Hydrographer's, to 2,000 feet. Bate. — Fruits in June in Northern Division. Native names. — Garawa (Buna), Karawa or Warawa (Binandele), Karalaka (Vailala). Remarks. — A sound hardwood. This species forms a social-two-species-forest with Afzelia bijuga in the foot-hills of the Hydrographers up to 1,000 feet; above that it is more scattered, and Afzelia does not occur. Materials colected. Leaves (from young and old trees), fruit, wood, bark. Indt., No. 112. A large tree, 10 feet girth with 80 feet bole. Possesses root swellings, but is not buttressed. Leaves. — Simple, alternate; petiole 11 •I inches turned at right angles at junction with blade; blade, ?>} 2 to 8 J-inches x 2 to 5 inches; obovate; glabrous, entire; margin undulate, acute, thin, stiff. Bark. — 1 inch thick, Grey-brown ; smooth, except for pustules when young, and flatly ridged when old. Inner bark, pale-yellow, streaked with light-brown. Solution colourless; no precipitate. Starting cream. Wood. — Sap ill-defined. deepens through yellow to a light-brown. Resinous. Rays. — 90 to 110 to inch. Yellow-brown, conspicuous. l-20th inch deep; show up well on quarter. Pores. — Single, 4,000 to 6,500 to the square inch; evenly distributed. Soft tissue. — Absent. General. — A yellow to brown resinous timber. Solution wood: colourless; no precipitate. Cuts hard, but cleanly; 41 lb. per cubic foot. Locality. — Yanapa. Date— May, 1922. Native name. — Demo (Suku). Remarks. — A timber that resembles the Dipterocarps of commerce. Material collected. — Leaves, wood, bark. Hoped papuana Diela (Affin.) ?, No. 113. ^Medium tree, 6 by 00 feet bole. Not buttressed. Leaves. — Simple, alternate, exstipulate ; petiole, ■J inch, curved to turned at right angle*; blade, 5| to 7 x 2 to 2f inches; lanceolate acuminate, entire, margin recurved; glabrous; thin. Fruit. — One-seeded, 3-16th inch long, enclosed in five lobed persistent calyx. Two of tbe lobes developed into wings 2J inches long by \ inch wide; oblanceolate. Bark.-— § inch thick; dark-brawn, somewhat scaly; inner bark white. Solution faint yellow; no precipitate.


Shorea. polyandria monogynia, 615 6. D, pilosus. R. Tender shoots very hairy. Leaves petioled, oblong, acuminate; base rounded, hairy underneath; Stipules remarkably long, and very hairy. A large tree, a native of Mascal Island. SHOREA. R. Gen. Char. Calyx, five-leaved, permanent, enlarging into five long wings. Corol five-petalled. Germ superior, three-celled; cells two-seeded; attachment superior. Nut one-seeded. Embryo inverse, without perisperm. In honour of the Right Honourable Lord Teignmouth, late Governor General of Bengal. 1. S, robusta. Gaert.Sem.3.t.18S6. Cor. pI 3. N. 212 Leaves short-petioled, cordate-oblong ; stipules falcate. JPanicles terminal and axillary. Stamina from twenty-five to thirty. Sala, Uswukurnika, the Sunscrit names-Beng. and Hind. Sal. An immense timber tree, a native of Morung. Flowers during the hot season. Seed ripens in June. In April 1810, a young tree flowered in the Botanic garden at Calcutta, and is the first that has blossomed, though there are young trees in the garden of from twelve to thirteen years growth. The original description of this tree is very correct, all I can add is that the stipules are large and falcate. The stamina about fifty. Stigma three-toothed. Germ three-celled, with two ovula in each attached to the top of the axis. The seed constantly single. The Eanbryo inverse, and without perisperm. Cary alobis. G^ert. Sem, 1. 215. f • 45. must at least belong to the same natural order of Hopea Dipterocarpus, Shorea and Vateria.


NOTES ON THE FLORA OF CEYLON. 205 broadly oval, subacute; petals oblong-oval, slightly concave, not twisted; stamens very small, about 60; filaments dilated at base, and prolonged beyond the adnate anther-cells into a strongly-ciliated apiculus about half as long as the anther ; ovary oblong-pyramidal, pubescent; style very short; fruit not known. Hab. "South of the Island" (C. P. 4010 in Hb. Perad.). Leaves smooth on both sides or with a few stellate hairs beneath; veins not prominent. Corolla apparently red. I regret that the material for this species is so scanty, consisting only of inflorescence in mature bud just about to expand ; we have no fruit, and no large foliage. There can, however, be little doubt that it is allied to S. oblongifolia Thw., from which it differs in the shape of the leaves, in the petals, and in the number and form of the stamens. I have not met with this species myself, nor do I know precisely where the specimens in the Herbarium were collected ; but I am glad to be the medium of publishing Dr. Thwaites' dedication of it to my friend Mr. Thiselton Dyer, the monographer of the Indian Dipterocarpeae Shorea brevipetiolaris Thw. ms. — Leaves ovate, 4 or 5 in. long, cordate or subcordate at base, more or less caudate-acuminate and obtuse at apex, subcoriaceous ; lateral veins about 7 on either side, curved, prominent beneath ; petioles thick, curved, about \ in. long ; when young, usually very densely covered with short coarse shaggy hair, which is also scattered over the young twigs ; panicles about as long as leaves, several (2-5) coming off from one axil ; rachis with few short spreading branches, minutely pubescent ; bracts or very quickly caducous ; buds subglobose, blunt ; sepals ovate, obtuse, glabrous ; petals not expanded in the specimens ; stamens 15; filaments much dilated below; apiculus as long as anther ; ovary globose, cells with 2 ovules in each ; style subulate, as long as ovary ; fruit not known. Hab. Summit of Doluwe Kande, a few miles north of Kurunegala, N. W. Province, Dec, 1883. (Also C. P. 4008 (no locality) in Hb. Perad. (leaves only).). A small tree ; leaves quite glabrous, the petioles also becoming so when old, and then thickened, rugose, and chocolate-brown in colour. My specimens are in bud only ; the flowers seem to be white or pinkish. There is a young tree of this species in the Botanic Gardens, but it has not yet flowered; the leaf-specimens (C. P. 4008) in the Herbarium without locality may be from this tree. In the absence of fruit some doubt may be felt as to the genus ; if a Shorea, as is most probable, it is not very closely allied to the other Ceylon species. Shorea stipularis Thw., var. minor Thw. ms. — Leaves smaller than the type, about 3 in. long, the apex strongly twisted, very finely but densely pubescent beneath ; stipules less persistent, more acute and narrower, densely pubescent, as also the young growths. Hab. Morowe Korle, Southern Province, July, 1868, with fruit. (C. P. 3987 (in part-), and C. P. 4024, in Hb. Perad.). In the * C. P. 3987 is in part Doona macrophylUi Thw.


NUMBER 367 41 Eleotrididae The sleepers are a speciose family of small-to moderate-sized (maximum about 500 mm TL) fishes occurring circumglobally in habitats ranging from freshwater to coral reefs. The Indo-pacific genera are in need of revision. Many marine Indo-pacific genera treated as eleotridids in the literature belong in the family Gobiidae. According to Larson and Hoese (1980), there are only four genera of eleotridids confined to coral reefs in the Indo-pacific (Allomicrodesmus, Xerusthmus, Burma, and one undescribed); the other Indo-Pacific genera inhabit fresh and brackish water. Allomicrodesmus was described from a single specimen from the Marshall Islands and placed in the Microdesmidae by Schultz (1966a). D.F. Hoese (in litt) believes Allomicrodesmus is a highly aberrant eleotridid, and states that he has a specimen from the northern Great Barrier Reef. I know of no other records for this genus. Calumia contains two reef-dwelling species (Larson and Hoese, 1980): C. godeffroyi, which ranges from the east coast of Africa to Tahiti, and C. profunda, known from the Philippines, Moluccas (Ceram), western Admiralty, New Britain, Solomon, and New Hebrides islands (Larson and Hoese, 1980; E.A. Lachner, unpublished data); hence, absent from the Pacific Plate nonmarginally. The widely distributed Indo-west Pacific genus Butis, which occurs in rivers and estuaries, and mangroves, is known from the Pacific Plate nonmarginally only at Ponape (USNM collections), which provides evidence for operation of the Caroline Islands conduit. See also "Addendum" Elopidae (including Megalopidae) The tarpons and ladyfishes comprise three genera of free-swimming fishes with planktonic young that enter and develop in shallow coastal areas and estuaries. The adults may ascend rivers. Elops is, perhaps, circumglobally distributed, but has not been reported from the easternmost islands on the Pacific Plate. Elops contains three to eight species (a revision is needed) of moderate size (to about 1 m SL). Two of these occur nonmarginally on the Pacific Plate. Tarpon is monotypic, very large (to about 24 m TL and 160 kg), and restricted to the warm waters of the Atlantic, both sides. Tarpon reaches the Pacific terminus of the Panama Canal from the Atlantic, but apparently has not established a breeding population in the eastern Pacific. Megalops is monotypic, of moderate size (to about 550 mm TL), and ranges from the east coast of Africa to the Society Islands. Interestingly, Megalops has not been reported from the Eastern Caroline, Marshall, Gilbert, Ellice, Line, Tuamotu, or Hawaiian islands. Possibly, Megalops occurs only as a straggler on the Pacific Plate, although Randall (in litt) does not believe it to be a straggler in the Society Islands. More records from Plate localities, including the occurrence of young, would be desirable. Emmelichthyidae The emmelichthyidae comprise three genera and ten species of small (to about 500 mm SL), moderately deep-dwelling fishes (Heemstra and Randall, 1977), which, as adults, are supra-benthic at depths of 100-400 m. The only records for the Pacific Plate are either marginal or for the Hawaiian Islands, where three species occur (Figure 19), Hawaiian exceptions. Of the three Hawaiian species, one also occurs at Japan, Australia, and the Philippines (Randall, in press b), one also at Easter Island and Guam (Myers and Shepard, 1981), and which may be limited to the Pacific Plate and its margins, and the third is either an Hawaiian endemic or also occurs at Okinawa (Heemstra and Randall, 1977). Because of the difficulty of collecting emmelichthyids, their occurrences as Hawaiian exceptions may be a collecting artifact. The family seems to be restricted somewhat to subtropical and temperate areas in the Indo-west Pacific, which may explain its general absence from the Pacific Plate islands. Nonmarginal Pacific Plate records are worth reporting.


NUMBER 367 43 EXOCOETIDAE (not including Hemiramphidae) There are about eight genera and perhaps as many as 100 species-group taxa of flyingfishes, of which the Indo-pacific forms are most poorly known systematically. The family is circumglobally distributed and the species are epipelagic and, in general, widely distributed. The young are often taken inshore. Possibly five genera and 15 species occur nonmarginally on the Pacific Plate. FLSTULARIIDAE The cornetfishes consist of a single, circumglobally distributed genus, Fistularia, and four species. The species are free swimming and attain a maximum length of 1-2 m. Fritzsche (1976) revised Fistularia and presented a distribution map for the species. One species is restricted to the tropical eastern Pacific and one to the tropical Atlantic (both sides). One species occurs from the east African coast to the tropical coasts of the eastern Pacific. The fourth species, F. petimba, is almost circumglobal and has an Hawaiian exception distribution: both sides of the tropical Atlantic; Indo-west Pacific from Madagascar to Japan, Philippines, and Australia; and Hawaiian Islands (only nonmarginal Pacific Plate occurrence). Although Fistularia is not present in the Mediterranean, it is reported from the Miocene of that region (Arambourg, 1925). FORMICIDAE (= APOLECTIDAE) There is but a single, monotypic genus in the Formicidae, Apolectus (= Formio Parastromateus), a free-swimming fish probably not attaining more than 300 mm TL, but occasionally stated to reach 600 mm TL. Witzell (1978, fig. 8) reported on the distribution of Apolectus, which extends from eastern Africa eastward to Japan, Philippines, and eastern Australia. Additionally, Zama and Fujita (1977) give citations to the occurrence of Apolectus in the Bonin, or Ogasawara, Islands, adjacent to the margin of the Pacific Plate, and Dor (1970), reported it from the Red Sea. Reports of the occurrence of Apolectus in Hawaii all appear to emanate from Matsubara (1955565). Matsubara's listing is probably in error (see also Menidae). I know of no other nonmarginal Pacific Plate record for Apolectus. Gerreidae The mojarras are a family of small, free-swimming, epibenthic fishes (maximum size about 400 mm TL) that are poorly known taxonomically. There are about six genera and perhaps 40 species. The species are primarily marine but often enter brackish or freshwater, and are found on the warm coasts of all oceans; however, they are reported nonmarginally from the Pacific Plate only from the Eastern Caroline, Gilbert, Ellice, and Marshall islands (Fowler, 1928, 1931, 1934). These records probably involve only species of Genes. Randall (1973) discounts Jordan and Seale's (1906) report of Genes argyreus (as Xystaema argyreum) from Tahiti. GLNGLYMOSTOMATIDAE This family is discussed under the Orectolobidae. GIRELLIDAE The girellidae are a small family containing one or two genera and about 15 species of moderate-sized fishes (to about 625 mm TL and 8 kg) that are absent from the Pacific Plate. These fishes are questionably included here as a warm-water group. The family is antiequatorially distributed, and occurs on the coasts of Japan, China, southern Australia (as far north as southern Queensland), Lord Howe and Norfolk islands, New Zealand, Easter Island, California to, and including, the Gulf of California, Galapagos, Chile and its offshore islands, Peru, and the Cape Verde and Canary islands in the eastern Atlantic (D.F. Hoese, in litt). Lee and Chang (1981) reported


44 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY Girella punctata from Batan Island, which lies midway between Taiwan and Luzon, and is politically part of the Philippines. I have not included the Girellidae as part of the Philippine fauna for the purposes of Tables A and B (Appendix 2). Glaucosomatidae This family contains a single genus, Glaucosoma, and four species (Arai and Fujii, 1981) of free-swimming fishes that attain a maximum total length of about 450 mm. The species have been reported only from the coasts of Japan, China, Philippines, and Australia. In Queensland, it is known only from the offshore southern portions of the coast; therefore, the overall distribution of Glaucosoma appears to be antiequatorial. GOBIESOCIDAE The clingfishes comprise about 40 genera and 110 species of small (largest species is about 300 mm TL, but most are under 75 mm), benthic, nest-building fishes with planktonic larvae. The species occur in a variety of habitats, including freshwater rivers and coral reefs. Several species live commensally with crinoids. Clingfishes occur in all oceans, as well as the Mediterranean and Black Sea, and are generally widely distributed along continental coastlines. Most of the genera, but only about one-third of the species, occur in the Indo-pacific. Only four species are known from the nonmarginal areas on the Pacific Plate, and on the Plate each is known from a single locality. One of these species, Trachelochismus pinnulatus (otherwise restricted to New Zealand), questionably occurs at the Chatham Islands, which, although nonmarginal on the Pacific Plate, are on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Hence, T. pinnulatus is excluded from further consideration here. 1 Pherallodus indicus is reported Hutton (1896) described Crepidogaster simus (a synonym of T. pinnulatus) from "Lyttleton Harbor New Zealand] and Chatham Islands" Information in the description appears to refer to a single specimen. If only one specimen was involved, it could not have come from both localities. Trach-from several Indonesian localities and from Raroia, Tuamotu (Briggs, 1955). Liobranchia stria is reported only from Saipan, Marianas, and Bikini, Marshalls (Briggs, 1955; Schultz, 1966b). Liobranchia, is possibly a Pacific Plate endemic genus (Figure 60). Randall (in press b) obtained Lepadichthys frenatus from the Pitcairn Island group; this species is otherwise known only from widely scattered localities in the western Pacific. Briggs (1955215, map) inadvertently indicated the presence of Lepadichthys minor in the Ellice Islands, on the Pacific Plate; Samoa was intended, as indicated in his materials list. Most species of tropical Indo-pacific clingfishes are tiny, and more will probably be found to occur on the Pacific Plate. Gobiidae The gobies are probably the largest family of fishes, perhaps containing as many as 2000 species (Hoese and Allen, 1977). Most of the species are small, and among these are the smallest vertebrates (some species of Eviota mature at less than 10 mm SL; E.A. Lachner, pers. comm). Among the largest gobies is the Japanese genus Synechogobius, which attains a total length of 500 mm (Takita, 1975). Gobies are essentially benthic or suprabenthic in habit. Some species are restricted to freshwater, some are estuarine, but most are reef or near-reef inhabitants. Hoese and Allen (1977) estimate that 400-600 species of gobiids occur on the coral reefs of the Indo-pacific. The taxonomic limits of gobiid genera are poorly known and very few of the Indo-pacific genera have been revised in recent years. The list of Pacific Plate genera (estimated 150 species; Table C, Appendix 2) was compiled from the literature, USNM collections, and in consultation with D.F. Hoese (see also "Addendum). Among the genera, Lentipes (adults of which inhabit freshwater in Hawaii), with one species (Maciolek, elochismus pinnulatus has been collected at New Zealand localities many times, but has not been reported to have been collected at the Chatham Islands subsequent to the initial report.


NUMBER 367 45 1978), and Vitrina (coral-reef inhabitant), with one species, appear to be Pacific Plate endemic genera (Figure 60). The presence of Lentipes in the Ryukyus is based on a species described by Sakai and Nakamura (1979); its generic allocation should be verified. Kelloggella was revised by Hoese (1975) and a new record added by Kuramochi (1980). Hoese (in litt) informed me of an additional species (undescribed) and of changes (pers. comm) in the reported distributions of two described species. The distribution of the five Kelloggella species is given in Figure 20. Except for endemic genera, Kelloggella is unique among fishes in having more Pacific Plate species than Indo-west Pacific species. Among the reasonably well-known Indo-pacific goby genera that are excluded from the Pacific Plate is Gobiopsis (sensu stricto), with ten species (Lachner and Mckinney, 1978, 1979), which are often collected on coral reefs. Gobiopsis sensu stricto is distributed from southeastern Africa to the western margin of the Pacific Plate. One of three species of Gobiopsis, not included in Gobiopsis sensu stricto, reaches from the Indo-west Pacific to the Gilbert Islands (Lachner and Mckinney, 1979). Signigobius, monotypic, also a reef inhabitant (Hoese and Allen, 1977), is distributed from the Philippine and Palau islands to the Great Barrier Reef and Solomon Islands, and is, thus, limited in the east by the margin of the Pacific Plate. Oxuderces, monotypic, a muddy bottom inhabitant, ranges from India to the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia (Springer, 1978, and Australian Museum collections). Feia was discussed by Lachner and Mckinney (1979). They recognized one species in the genus, but noted that their Indo-west Pacific specimens (Mozambique, Seychelles, Banda, and Great Barrier Reef) were separable from their Rapa Island (Pacific Plate) specimens, based on meristics and pigmentation, indicating that two taxa are possibly involved. Eviota comprises about 60 species of diminutive coral-reef gobies, all restricted to the Indo-Pacific (S. Jewett, pers. comm). Lachner and Figure 20. — Distributions of the species of the gobiid fish genus Kelloggella (new species" pel D.F. Hoese, in litt).