Lighting and Shadow Inconsistency: Light direction is inconsistent across the scene, shadows conflict with implied light sources, unexplained local or global illumination shifts occur, or shadow count does not match the number of physical objects present.

Abnormal Multi-Object Merging/Splitting: Erroneous violation of object boundaries where independent entities unnaturally fuse together or a single cohesive object spontaneously fragments without external force.

Occlusion Failure: A depth-ordering or layering error where an object that should be blocked by a nearer surface remains visible, or is incorrectly rendered in front of it.

Answer: C


Biological Anatomy Violation: Static anatomical deformities that contradict fundamental biological common sense, encompassing skeletal and limb anomalies—such as extra digits, missing limbs, unequal limb lengths, or absent joints—as well as impossible facial structures like multiple pupils in a single eye or more than one nose on a face.

Non-Biological Structural Loss: Objects or environments have broken structures or missing essential parts, such as bridges without pillars, disconnected walls, or deformed buildings and roads that make them physically impossible.

Refraction Distortion: Light passing through curved or refractive transparent materials (e.g., glass spheres, bubbles, water bodies, crystal) fails to produce physically plausible optical effects—including geometric distortion of background objects as seen through the medium (e.g., inverted and wide-angle compression in bubbles or water droplets), caustic light patterns on surrounding surfaces, or the apparent positional shift of submerged objects due to Snell's law. A typical failure case is a bubble or glass ball in which the reflected/refracted scene appears undistorted or upright, when physics requires an inverted, compressed wide-angle image.

Depth and Perspective Distortion: Perspective or depth relationships in the scene are geometrically implausible. This includes static errors (such as misaligned vanishing points, or background objects appearing disproportionately massive relative to foreground elements), as well as dynamic errors during camera movement (such as objects scaling at physically incorrect rates as the camera approaches or recedes, failing to follow the natural laws of perspective).

Unnatural Morphing: Physically implausible deformations where rigid bodies exhibit non-rigid, fluid-like warping, stretching, or kinematic-violating scaling and twisting, or where any object's established basic shape undergoes unexpected distortion over time, such as an inelastic rope suddenly elongating.

Answer: A,B


Irreversibility Violation: An irreversible physical process is unnaturally reversed or undone, such as shattered glass fragments fusing back together or a burnt object restoring itself to its original state.

Spatial Clipping: Two distinct objects interpenetrate each other's geometry, with one surface passing through another as if they occupied the same space.

Consequence Without Valid Action: A physical result occurs without a matching trigger or causal action, such as a skateboard rotating on its own or the volume of water increasing without any source.

Action Without Consequence: An action is performed but produces no physical reaction or change in the target object, such as spilling water without wetting the ground or eating without the food amount decreasing.

Answer: C,D


Canonical Appearance Violation: The visual representation of a well-known entity violates its universally accepted appearance or canonical form or scale, such as depicting the Earth with incorrect colors or landmass distributions.

Action-Context Mismatch: Illogical behaviors or physical operations that blatantly contradict common sense, functional intent, or the established narrative context, despite adhering to basic physics. This encompasses biological absurdities (such as smelling the bottom of a bottle, fleeing towards danger, or misaligned gazes in a group photo), as well as impossible object phenomena (like a car spouting water, an intact bottle leaking, or a spaceship flying contrary to its propulsion direction).

Answer: B,F


Baked-in Lighting: Surface albedo and lighting are not properly separated—shading appears baked into the surface such that when the light source moves or the subject rotates, the brightness distribution remains static rather than updating to reflect the new illumination geometry, most pronounced when the subject rotates in place under a directional light.

Answer: B


Feature Instability: Unjustified temporal mutation of attributes that should remain constant throughout a scene—including entity identity, body proportions, fine-grained appearance details (e.g., button count, eye color, texture patterns), and scene-bound clothing—where no narrative motivation (such as an explicit costume change or time skip) accounts for the observed shift. Extrinsic attributes that are narratively mutable (e.g., pose, expression, lighting response) are excluded from this definition.

Answer: D,F


Abnormal Object Disappearance/Appearance: An object or person suddenly pops into or vanishes from the scene into thin air without being covered by anything or having a logical reason to enter or leave.

Spatial Coherence: The relative positions, orientations, gaze directions, or interaction points between subjects are inconsistent—either across camera cuts (e.g., eyeline direction reverses after a cut) or within a continuous shot (e.g., two characters' relative positions drift without physical motivation). Typical failures include 180-degree rule violations, gaze mismatches where a character looks left when their interlocutor is on the right, and interaction contact points that shift between frames.

Inconsistent Blur: Blur that is spatially incoherent and cannot be explained by depth-of-field or motion blur. Manifests as arbitrary local softening or loss of detail in regions that should be sharp given the scene's focus and motion context.

Text and Symbol Unreadable: In-scene text or symbols are either severely distorted or garbled into illegible characters, or visually well-formed but semantically meaningless.

Answer: A,B,D,F


Biological Anatomy Violation: Static anatomical deformities that contradict fundamental biological common sense, encompassing skeletal and limb anomalies—such as extra digits, missing limbs, unequal limb lengths, or absent joints—as well as impossible facial structures like multiple pupils in a single eye or more than one nose on a face.

Abnormal Multi-Object Merging/Splitting: Erroneous violation of object boundaries where independent entities unnaturally fuse together or a single cohesive object spontaneously fragments without external force.

Non-Biological Structural Loss: Objects or environments have broken structures or missing essential parts, such as bridges without pillars, disconnected walls, or deformed buildings and roads that make them physically impossible.

Flickering and Noise: Static surfaces exhibit shimmering, crawling patterns, or grid-like noise across frames.

Answer: A,F


Answer: A


Depth and Perspective Distortion: Perspective or depth relationships in the scene are geometrically implausible. This includes static errors (such as misaligned vanishing points, or background objects appearing disproportionately massive relative to foreground elements), as well as dynamic errors during camera movement (such as objects scaling at physically incorrect rates as the camera approaches or recedes, failing to follow the natural laws of perspective).

Abnormal Facial Expression: Facial movements appear robotic or distorted because only certain parts of the face move (e.g., the mouth moves while the eyes and cheeks stay frozen), or muscles pull in unnatural directions during intense expressions.

Answer: A,C,E,F


Identical Multi-Subject Motion: Multiple characters in a scene perform perfectly synchronized actions or share the exact same facial expressions and demeanors, lacking the natural randomness and individual variance expected in a real crowd.

Unnatural Biological Motion: Living creatures move in ways that defy physics or biology, such as sliding across the ground without walking, joints bending in impossible directions, or jerky and stuttering movements.

Spatial Clipping: Two distinct objects interpenetrate each other's geometry, with one surface passing through another as if they occupied the same space.

Answer: E,F


Unnatural Morphing: Physically implausible deformations where rigid bodies exhibit non-rigid, fluid-like warping, stretching, or kinematic-violating scaling and twisting, or where any object's established basic shape undergoes unexpected distortion over time, such as an inelastic rope suddenly elongating.

Answer: D,E,F


Consequence Without Valid Action: A physical result occurs without a matching trigger or causal action, such as a skateboard rotating on its own or the volume of water increasing without any source.

Irreversibility Violation: An irreversible physical process is unnaturally reversed or undone, such as shattered glass fragments fusing back together or a burnt object restoring itself to its original state.

Feature Instability: Unjustified temporal mutation of attributes that should remain constant throughout a scene—including entity identity, body proportions, fine-grained appearance details (e.g., button count, eye color, texture patterns), and scene-bound clothing—where no narrative motivation (such as an explicit costume change or time skip) accounts for the observed shift. Extrinsic attributes that are narratively mutable (e.g., pose, expression, lighting response) are excluded from this definition.

Answer: A,B,C


Oversmoothing: Surfaces appear unnaturally smooth, waxy, or plastic-like, with expected micro-textures (pores, fibers, scratches) absent or visibly suppressed.

Answer: D,F


Unnatural Camera Motion: Jerky camera jitter, impossible physics-defying movement, or anomalies occurring during zooming or refocusings like desynchronized parallax and focus jumping.

Color and Exposure Anomaly: Perceptual irregularities in color and luminance, characterized by: excessively vivid or artificially pure primary RGB hues; flat surfaces lacking gradient across lighting transitions; implausibly high/low exposure causing detail loss in highlights or shadows; or hard, opaque bright regions lacking the soft gradation of natural glare.

Texture Inconsistency: A localized region on a continuous surface shows a perceptible break in texture density, scale, or orientation relative to its surroundings, excluding intentional design variations such as prints, patterns, or patchwork.

Answer: A,F


Biological Anatomy Violation: Static anatomical deformities that contradict fundamental biological common sense, encompassing skeletal and limb anomalies—such as extra digits, missing limbs, unequal limb lengths, or absent joints—as well as impossible facial structures like multiple pupils in a single eye or more than one nose on a face.

Refraction Distortion: Light passing through curved or refractive transparent materials (e.g., glass spheres, bubbles, water bodies, crystal) fails to produce physically plausible optical effects—including geometric distortion of background objects as seen through the medium (e.g., inverted and wide-angle compression in bubbles or water droplets), caustic light patterns on surrounding surfaces, or the apparent positional shift of submerged objects due to Snell's law. A typical failure case is a bubble or glass ball in which the reflected/refracted scene appears undistorted or upright, when physics requires an inverted, compressed wide-angle image.

Non-Biological Structural Loss: Objects or environments have broken structures or missing essential parts, such as bridges without pillars, disconnected walls, or deformed buildings and roads that make them physically impossible.

Occlusion Failure: A depth-ordering or layering error where an object that should be blocked by a nearer surface remains visible, or is incorrectly rendered in front of it.

Answer: A,B


Spatial Coherence: The relative positions, orientations, gaze directions, or interaction points between subjects are inconsistent—either across camera cuts (e.g., eyeline direction reverses after a cut) or within a continuous shot (e.g., two characters' relative positions drift without physical motivation). Typical failures include 180-degree rule violations, gaze mismatches where a character looks left when their interlocutor is on the right, and interaction contact points that shift between frames.

Abnormal Object Disappearance/Appearance: An object or person suddenly pops into or vanishes from the scene into thin air without being covered by anything or having a logical reason to enter or leave.

Canonical Appearance Violation: The visual representation of a well-known entity violates its universally accepted appearance or canonical form or scale, such as depicting the Earth with incorrect colors or landmass distributions.

Action-Context Mismatch: Illogical behaviors or physical operations that blatantly contradict common sense, functional intent, or the established narrative context, despite adhering to basic physics. This encompasses biological absurdities (such as smelling the bottom of a bottle, fleeing towards danger, or misaligned gazes in a group photo), as well as impossible object phenomena (like a car spouting water, an intact bottle leaking, or a spaceship flying contrary to its propulsion direction).

Answer: B,C,E,F


Spatial Clipping: Two distinct objects interpenetrate each other's geometry, with one surface passing through another as if they occupied the same space.

Depth and Perspective Distortion: Perspective or depth relationships in the scene are geometrically implausible. This includes static errors (such as misaligned vanishing points, or background objects appearing disproportionately massive relative to foreground elements), as well as dynamic errors during camera movement (such as objects scaling at physically incorrect rates as the camera approaches or recedes, failing to follow the natural laws of perspective).

Unnatural Morphing: Physically implausible deformations where rigid bodies exhibit non-rigid, fluid-like warping, stretching, or kinematic-violating scaling and twisting, or where any object's established basic shape undergoes unexpected distortion over time, such as an inelastic rope suddenly elongating.

Answer: A,C


Baked-in Lighting: Surface albedo and lighting are not properly separated—shading appears baked into the surface such that when the light source moves or the subject rotates, the brightness distribution remains static rather than updating to reflect the new illumination geometry, most pronounced when the subject rotates in place under a directional light.

Lighting and Shadow Inconsistency: Light direction is inconsistent across the scene, shadows conflict with implied light sources, unexplained local or global illumination shifts occur, or shadow count does not match the number of physical objects present.

Answer: C


Action Without Consequence: An action is performed but produces no physical reaction or change in the target object, such as spilling water without wetting the ground or eating without the food amount decreasing.

Dynamic and Kinematic Inconsistency: Movement breaks basic physics regarding trajectory, speed, or environmental interaction(rather than object shape), such as parts of a single solid object moving at different speeds, incorrect relative motion between a moving subject and its background, or fluids like water and smoke failing to splash or flow according to inertia.

Answer: C,F


Oversmoothing: Surfaces appear unnaturally smooth, waxy, or plastic-like, with expected micro-textures (pores, fibers, scratches) absent or visibly suppressed.

Color and Exposure Anomaly: Perceptual irregularities in color and luminance, characterized by: excessively vivid or artificially pure primary RGB hues; flat surfaces lacking gradient across lighting transitions; implausibly high/low exposure causing detail loss in highlights or shadows; or hard, opaque bright regions lacking the soft gradation of natural glare.

Texture Inconsistency: A localized region on a continuous surface shows a perceptible break in texture density, scale, or orientation relative to its surroundings, excluding intentional design variations such as prints, patterns, or patchwork.

Text and Symbol Unreadable: In-scene text or symbols are either severely distorted or garbled into illegible characters, or visually well-formed but semantically meaningless.

Flickering and Noise: Static surfaces exhibit shimmering, crawling patterns, or grid-like noise across frames.

Inconsistent Blur: Blur that is spatially incoherent and cannot be explained by depth-of-field or motion blur. Manifests as arbitrary local softening or loss of detail in regions that should be sharp given the scene's focus and motion context.

Answer: B


Biological Anatomy Violation: Static anatomical deformities that contradict fundamental biological common sense, encompassing skeletal and limb anomalies—such as extra digits, missing limbs, unequal limb lengths, or absent joints—as well as impossible facial structures like multiple pupils in a single eye or more than one nose on a face.

Abnormal Multi-Object Merging/Splitting: Erroneous violation of object boundaries where independent entities unnaturally fuse together or a single cohesive object spontaneously fragments without external force.

Non-Biological Structural Loss: Objects or environments have broken structures or missing essential parts, such as bridges without pillars, disconnected walls, or deformed buildings and roads that make them physically impossible.

Feature Instability: Unjustified temporal mutation of attributes that should remain constant throughout a scene—including entity identity, body proportions, fine-grained appearance details (e.g., button count, eye color, texture patterns), and scene-bound clothing—where no narrative motivation (such as an explicit costume change or time skip) accounts for the observed shift. Extrinsic attributes that are narratively mutable (e.g., pose, expression, lighting response) are excluded from this definition.

Answer: E


Reflection Inconsistency: Reflections on mirrors, water, or glass do not correspond to the actual scene, either misrepresenting subject position or appearance, or exhibiting unphysical distortion.

Refraction Distortion: Light passing through curved or refractive transparent materials (e.g., glass spheres, bubbles, water bodies, crystal) fails to produce physically plausible optical effects—including geometric distortion of background objects as seen through the medium (e.g., inverted and wide-angle compression in bubbles or water droplets), caustic light patterns on surrounding surfaces, or the apparent positional shift of submerged objects due to Snell's law. A typical failure case is a bubble or glass ball in which the reflected/refracted scene appears undistorted or upright, when physics requires an inverted, compressed wide-angle image.

Answer: A,B


Abnormal Object Disappearance/Appearance: An object or person suddenly pops into or vanishes from the scene into thin air without being covered by anything or having a logical reason to enter or leave.

Spatial Coherence: The relative positions, orientations, gaze directions, or interaction points between subjects are inconsistent—either across camera cuts (e.g., eyeline direction reverses after a cut) or within a continuous shot (e.g., two characters' relative positions drift without physical motivation). Typical failures include 180-degree rule violations, gaze mismatches where a character looks left when their interlocutor is on the right, and interaction contact points that shift between frames.

Answer: A,C,F


Unnatural Camera Motion: Jerky camera jitter, impossible physics-defying movement, or anomalies occurring during zooming or refocusings like desynchronized parallax and focus jumping.

Answer: A,B,E


Canonical Appearance Violation: The visual representation of a well-known entity violates its universally accepted appearance or canonical form or scale, such as depicting the Earth with incorrect colors or landmass distributions.

Baked-in Lighting: Surface albedo and lighting are not properly separated—shading appears baked into the surface such that when the light source moves or the subject rotates, the brightness distribution remains static rather than updating to reflect the new illumination geometry, most pronounced when the subject rotates in place under a directional light.

Lighting and Shadow Inconsistency: Light direction is inconsistent across the scene, shadows conflict with implied light sources, unexplained local or global illumination shifts occur, or shadow count does not match the number of physical objects present.

Unnatural Morphing: Physically implausible deformations where rigid bodies exhibit non-rigid, fluid-like warping, stretching, or kinematic-violating scaling and twisting, or where any object's established basic shape undergoes unexpected distortion over time, such as an inelastic rope suddenly elongating.

Action-Context Mismatch: Illogical behaviors or physical operations that blatantly contradict common sense, functional intent, or the established narrative context, despite adhering to basic physics. This encompasses biological absurdities (such as smelling the bottom of a bottle, fleeing towards danger, or misaligned gazes in a group photo), as well as impossible object phenomena (like a car spouting water, an intact bottle leaking, or a spaceship flying contrary to its propulsion direction).

Answer: A,C


Abnormal Facial Expression: Facial movements appear robotic or distorted because only certain parts of the face move (e.g., the mouth moves while the eyes and cheeks stay frozen), or muscles pull in unnatural directions during intense expressions.

Action Without Consequence: An action is performed but produces no physical reaction or change in the target object, such as spilling water without wetting the ground or eating without the food amount decreasing.

Dynamic and Kinematic Inconsistency: Movement breaks basic physics regarding trajectory, speed, or environmental interaction(rather than object shape), such as parts of a single solid object moving at different speeds, incorrect relative motion between a moving subject and its background, or fluids like water and smoke failing to splash or flow according to inertia.

Unnatural Biological Motion: Living creatures move in ways that defy physics or biology, such as sliding across the ground without walking, joints bending in impossible directions, or jerky and stuttering movements.

Answer: D,E


Spatial Clipping: Two distinct objects interpenetrate each other's geometry, with one surface passing through another as if they occupied the same space.

Occlusion Failure: A depth-ordering or layering error where an object that should be blocked by a nearer surface remains visible, or is incorrectly rendered in front of it.

Biological Anatomy Violation: Static anatomical deformities that contradict fundamental biological common sense, encompassing skeletal and limb anomalies—such as extra digits, missing limbs, unequal limb lengths, or absent joints—as well as impossible facial structures like multiple pupils in a single eye or more than one nose on a face.

Answer: A,B,C,F


Feature Instability: Unjustified temporal mutation of attributes that should remain constant throughout a scene—including entity identity, body proportions, fine-grained appearance details (e.g., button count, eye color, texture patterns), and scene-bound clothing—where no narrative motivation (such as an explicit costume change or time skip) accounts for the observed shift. Extrinsic attributes that are narratively mutable (e.g., pose, expression, lighting response) are excluded from this definition.

Answer: A,B,D,E,F


Consequence Without Valid Action: A physical result occurs without a matching trigger or causal action, such as a skateboard rotating on its own or the volume of water increasing without any source.

Color and Exposure Anomaly: Perceptual irregularities in color and luminance, characterized by: excessively vivid or artificially pure primary RGB hues; flat surfaces lacking gradient across lighting transitions; implausibly high/low exposure causing detail loss in highlights or shadows; or hard, opaque bright regions lacking the soft gradation of natural glare.

Abnormal Multi-Object Merging/Splitting: Erroneous violation of object boundaries where independent entities unnaturally fuse together or a single cohesive object spontaneously fragments without external force.

Answer: A,C,D,E


Non-Biological Structural Loss: Objects or environments have broken structures or missing essential parts, such as bridges without pillars, disconnected walls, or deformed buildings and roads that make them physically impossible.

Abnormal Object Disappearance/Appearance: An object or person suddenly pops into or vanishes from the scene into thin air without being covered by anything or having a logical reason to enter or leave.

Answer: A,B,D,E,F


Identical Multi-Subject Motion: Multiple characters in a scene perform perfectly synchronized actions or share the exact same facial expressions and demeanors, lacking the natural randomness and individual variance expected in a real crowd.

Spatial Coherence: The relative positions, orientations, gaze directions, or interaction points between subjects are inconsistent—either across camera cuts (e.g., eyeline direction reverses after a cut) or within a continuous shot (e.g., two characters' relative positions drift without physical motivation). Typical failures include 180-degree rule violations, gaze mismatches where a character looks left when their interlocutor is on the right, and interaction contact points that shift between frames.

Canonical Appearance Violation: The visual representation of a well-known entity violates its universally accepted appearance or canonical form or scale, such as depicting the Earth with incorrect colors or landmass distributions.

Action-Context Mismatch: Illogical behaviors or physical operations that blatantly contradict common sense, functional intent, or the established narrative context, despite adhering to basic physics. This encompasses biological absurdities (such as smelling the bottom of a bottle, fleeing towards danger, or misaligned gazes in a group photo), as well as impossible object phenomena (like a car spouting water, an intact bottle leaking, or a spaceship flying contrary to its propulsion direction).

Answer: E


Baked-in Lighting: Surface albedo and lighting are not properly separated—shading appears baked into the surface such that when the light source moves or the subject rotates, the brightness distribution remains static rather than updating to reflect the new illumination geometry, most pronounced when the subject rotates in place under a directional light.

Lighting and Shadow Inconsistency: Light direction is inconsistent across the scene, shadows conflict with implied light sources, unexplained local or global illumination shifts occur, or shadow count does not match the number of physical objects present.

Refraction Distortion: Light passing through curved or refractive transparent materials (e.g., glass spheres, bubbles, water bodies, crystal) fails to produce physically plausible optical effects—including geometric distortion of background objects as seen through the medium (e.g., inverted and wide-angle compression in bubbles or water droplets), caustic light patterns on surrounding surfaces, or the apparent positional shift of submerged objects due to Snell's law. A typical failure case is a bubble or glass ball in which the reflected/refracted scene appears undistorted or upright, when physics requires an inverted, compressed wide-angle image.

Answer: A,D,E


Flickering and Noise: Static surfaces exhibit shimmering, crawling patterns, or grid-like noise across frames.

Reflection Inconsistency: Reflections on mirrors, water, or glass do not correspond to the actual scene, either misrepresenting subject position or appearance, or exhibiting unphysical distortion.

Oversmoothing: Surfaces appear unnaturally smooth, waxy, or plastic-like, with expected micro-textures (pores, fibers, scratches) absent or visibly suppressed.

Texture Inconsistency: A localized region on a continuous surface shows a perceptible break in texture density, scale, or orientation relative to its surroundings, excluding intentional design variations such as prints, patterns, or patchwork.

Answer: A,F


Unnatural Morphing: Physically implausible deformations where rigid bodies exhibit non-rigid, fluid-like warping, stretching, or kinematic-violating scaling and twisting, or where any object's established basic shape undergoes unexpected distortion over time, such as an inelastic rope suddenly elongating.

Feature Instability: Unjustified temporal mutation of attributes that should remain constant throughout a scene—including entity identity, body proportions, fine-grained appearance details (e.g., button count, eye color, texture patterns), and scene-bound clothing—where no narrative motivation (such as an explicit costume change or time skip) accounts for the observed shift. Extrinsic attributes that are narratively mutable (e.g., pose, expression, lighting response) are excluded from this definition.

Biological Anatomy Violation: Static anatomical deformities that contradict fundamental biological common sense, encompassing skeletal and limb anomalies—such as extra digits, missing limbs, unequal limb lengths, or absent joints—as well as impossible facial structures like multiple pupils in a single eye or more than one nose on a face.

Answer: B,E,F


Depth and Perspective Distortion: Perspective or depth relationships in the scene are geometrically implausible. This includes static errors (such as misaligned vanishing points, or background objects appearing disproportionately massive relative to foreground elements), as well as dynamic errors during camera movement (such as objects scaling at physically incorrect rates as the camera approaches or recedes, failing to follow the natural laws of perspective).

Non-Biological Structural Loss: Objects or environments have broken structures or missing essential parts, such as bridges without pillars, disconnected walls, or deformed buildings and roads that make them physically impossible.

Answer: A,F


Abnormal Multi-Object Merging/Splitting: Erroneous violation of object boundaries where independent entities unnaturally fuse together or a single cohesive object spontaneously fragments without external force.

Spatial Clipping: Two distinct objects interpenetrate each other's geometry, with one surface passing through another as if they occupied the same space.

Answer: A,B,C,D,E


Occlusion Failure: A depth-ordering or layering error where an object that should be blocked by a nearer surface remains visible, or is incorrectly rendered in front of it.

Answer: A,C


Action Without Consequence: An action is performed but produces no physical reaction or change in the target object, such as spilling water without wetting the ground or eating without the food amount decreasing.

Consequence Without Valid Action: A physical result occurs without a matching trigger or causal action, such as a skateboard rotating on its own or the volume of water increasing without any source.

Answer: A,B,F


Spatial Coherence: The relative positions, orientations, gaze directions, or interaction points between subjects are inconsistent—either across camera cuts (e.g., eyeline direction reverses after a cut) or within a continuous shot (e.g., two characters' relative positions drift without physical motivation). Typical failures include 180-degree rule violations, gaze mismatches where a character looks left when their interlocutor is on the right, and interaction contact points that shift between frames.

Abnormal Object Disappearance/Appearance: An object or person suddenly pops into or vanishes from the scene into thin air without being covered by anything or having a logical reason to enter or leave.

Answer: B,C,E


Action-Context Mismatch: Illogical behaviors or physical operations that blatantly contradict common sense, functional intent, or the established narrative context, despite adhering to basic physics. This encompasses biological absurdities (such as smelling the bottom of a bottle, fleeing towards danger, or misaligned gazes in a group photo), as well as impossible object phenomena (like a car spouting water, an intact bottle leaking, or a spaceship flying contrary to its propulsion direction).

Lighting and Shadow Inconsistency: Light direction is inconsistent across the scene, shadows conflict with implied light sources, unexplained local or global illumination shifts occur, or shadow count does not match the number of physical objects present.

Flickering and Noise: Static surfaces exhibit shimmering, crawling patterns, or grid-like noise across frames.

Answer: A,B,C,D,E,F


Oversmoothing: Surfaces appear unnaturally smooth, waxy, or plastic-like, with expected micro-textures (pores, fibers, scratches) absent or visibly suppressed.

Answer: A,B,C,F


Unnatural Biological Motion: Living creatures move in ways that defy physics or biology, such as sliding across the ground without walking, joints bending in impossible directions, or jerky and stuttering movements.

Answer: A,C,D,E


Unnatural Morphing: Physically implausible deformations where rigid bodies exhibit non-rigid, fluid-like warping, stretching, or kinematic-violating scaling and twisting, or where any object's established basic shape undergoes unexpected distortion over time, such as an inelastic rope suddenly elongating.

Inconsistent Blur: Blur that is spatially incoherent and cannot be explained by depth-of-field or motion blur. Manifests as arbitrary local softening or loss of detail in regions that should be sharp given the scene's focus and motion context.

Answer: A,E


Biological Anatomy Violation: Static anatomical deformities that contradict fundamental biological common sense, encompassing skeletal and limb anomalies—such as extra digits, missing limbs, unequal limb lengths, or absent joints—as well as impossible facial structures like multiple pupils in a single eye or more than one nose on a face.

Text and Symbol Unreadable: In-scene text or symbols are either severely distorted or garbled into illegible characters, or visually well-formed but semantically meaningless.

Texture Inconsistency: A localized region on a continuous surface shows a perceptible break in texture density, scale, or orientation relative to its surroundings, excluding intentional design variations such as prints, patterns, or patchwork.

Non-Biological Structural Loss: Objects or environments have broken structures or missing essential parts, such as bridges without pillars, disconnected walls, or deformed buildings and roads that make them physically impossible.

Answer: A,F


Unnatural Camera Motion: Jerky camera jitter, impossible physics-defying movement, or anomalies occurring during zooming or refocusings like desynchronized parallax and focus jumping.

Color and Exposure Anomaly: Perceptual irregularities in color and luminance, characterized by: excessively vivid or artificially pure primary RGB hues; flat surfaces lacking gradient across lighting transitions; implausibly high/low exposure causing detail loss in highlights or shadows; or hard, opaque bright regions lacking the soft gradation of natural glare.

Answer: B,C


Action Without Consequence: An action is performed but produces no physical reaction or change in the target object, such as spilling water without wetting the ground or eating without the food amount decreasing.

Canonical Appearance Violation: The visual representation of a well-known entity violates its universally accepted appearance or canonical form or scale, such as depicting the Earth with incorrect colors or landmass distributions.

Consequence Without Valid Action: A physical result occurs without a matching trigger or causal action, such as a skateboard rotating on its own or the volume of water increasing without any source.

Irreversibility Violation: An irreversible physical process is unnaturally reversed or undone, such as shattered glass fragments fusing back together or a burnt object restoring itself to its original state.

Answer: B,E


Feature Instability: Unjustified temporal mutation of attributes that should remain constant throughout a scene—including entity identity, body proportions, fine-grained appearance details (e.g., button count, eye color, texture patterns), and scene-bound clothing—where no narrative motivation (such as an explicit costume change or time skip) accounts for the observed shift. Extrinsic attributes that are narratively mutable (e.g., pose, expression, lighting response) are excluded from this definition.

Answer: A,B,D,F


Dynamic and Kinematic Inconsistency: Movement breaks basic physics regarding trajectory, speed, or environmental interaction(rather than object shape), such as parts of a single solid object moving at different speeds, incorrect relative motion between a moving subject and its background, or fluids like water and smoke failing to splash or flow according to inertia.

Identical Multi-Subject Motion: Multiple characters in a scene perform perfectly synchronized actions or share the exact same facial expressions and demeanors, lacking the natural randomness and individual variance expected in a real crowd.

Abnormal Facial Expression: Facial movements appear robotic or distorted because only certain parts of the face move (e.g., the mouth moves while the eyes and cheeks stay frozen), or muscles pull in unnatural directions during intense expressions.

Answer: B


Baked-in Lighting: Surface albedo and lighting are not properly separated—shading appears baked into the surface such that when the light source moves or the subject rotates, the brightness distribution remains static rather than updating to reflect the new illumination geometry, most pronounced when the subject rotates in place under a directional light.

Lighting and Shadow Inconsistency: Light direction is inconsistent across the scene, shadows conflict with implied light sources, unexplained local or global illumination shifts occur, or shadow count does not match the number of physical objects present.

Refraction Distortion: Light passing through curved or refractive transparent materials (e.g., glass spheres, bubbles, water bodies, crystal) fails to produce physically plausible optical effects—including geometric distortion of background objects as seen through the medium (e.g., inverted and wide-angle compression in bubbles or water droplets), caustic light patterns on surrounding surfaces, or the apparent positional shift of submerged objects due to Snell's law. A typical failure case is a bubble or glass ball in which the reflected/refracted scene appears undistorted or upright, when physics requires an inverted, compressed wide-angle image.

Unnatural Biological Motion: Living creatures move in ways that defy physics or biology, such as sliding across the ground without walking, joints bending in impossible directions, or jerky and stuttering movements.

Answer: B,F


Oversmoothing: Surfaces appear unnaturally smooth, waxy, or plastic-like, with expected micro-textures (pores, fibers, scratches) absent or visibly suppressed.

Inconsistent Blur: Blur that is spatially incoherent and cannot be explained by depth-of-field or motion blur. Manifests as arbitrary local softening or loss of detail in regions that should be sharp given the scene's focus and motion context.

Text and Symbol Unreadable: In-scene text or symbols are either severely distorted or garbled into illegible characters, or visually well-formed but semantically meaningless.

Texture Inconsistency: A localized region on a continuous surface shows a perceptible break in texture density, scale, or orientation relative to its surroundings, excluding intentional design variations such as prints, patterns, or patchwork.

Answer: B


Action-Context Mismatch: Illogical behaviors or physical operations that blatantly contradict common sense, functional intent, or the established narrative context, despite adhering to basic physics. This encompasses biological absurdities (such as smelling the bottom of a bottle, fleeing towards danger, or misaligned gazes in a group photo), as well as impossible object phenomena (like a car spouting water, an intact bottle leaking, or a spaceship flying contrary to its propulsion direction).

Answer: D,F


Unnatural Camera Motion: Jerky camera jitter, impossible physics-defying movement, or anomalies occurring during zooming or refocusings like desynchronized parallax and focus jumping.

Flickering and Noise: Static surfaces exhibit shimmering, crawling patterns, or grid-like noise across frames.

Color and Exposure Anomaly: Perceptual irregularities in color and luminance, characterized by: excessively vivid or artificially pure primary RGB hues; flat surfaces lacking gradient across lighting transitions; implausibly high/low exposure causing detail loss in highlights or shadows; or hard, opaque bright regions lacking the soft gradation of natural glare.

Answer: E


Answer: B,F


Non-Biological Structural Loss: Objects or environments have broken structures or missing essential parts, such as bridges without pillars, disconnected walls, or deformed buildings and roads that make them physically impossible.

Biological Anatomy Violation: Static anatomical deformities that contradict fundamental biological common sense, encompassing skeletal and limb anomalies—such as extra digits, missing limbs, unequal limb lengths, or absent joints—as well as impossible facial structures like multiple pupils in a single eye or more than one nose on a face.

Abnormal Multi-Object Merging/Splitting: Erroneous violation of object boundaries where independent entities unnaturally fuse together or a single cohesive object spontaneously fragments without external force.

Answer: B,C


Reflection Inconsistency: Reflections on mirrors, water, or glass do not correspond to the actual scene, either misrepresenting subject position or appearance, or exhibiting unphysical distortion.

Abnormal Object Disappearance/Appearance: An object or person suddenly pops into or vanishes from the scene into thin air without being covered by anything or having a logical reason to enter or leave.

Spatial Coherence: The relative positions, orientations, gaze directions, or interaction points between subjects are inconsistent—either across camera cuts (e.g., eyeline direction reverses after a cut) or within a continuous shot (e.g., two characters' relative positions drift without physical motivation). Typical failures include 180-degree rule violations, gaze mismatches where a character looks left when their interlocutor is on the right, and interaction contact points that shift between frames.

Lighting and Shadow Inconsistency: Light direction is inconsistent across the scene, shadows conflict with implied light sources, unexplained local or global illumination shifts occur, or shadow count does not match the number of physical objects present.

Answer: D,F


Baked-in Lighting: Surface albedo and lighting are not properly separated—shading appears baked into the surface such that when the light source moves or the subject rotates, the brightness distribution remains static rather than updating to reflect the new illumination geometry, most pronounced when the subject rotates in place under a directional light.

Unnatural Morphing: Physically implausible deformations where rigid bodies exhibit non-rigid, fluid-like warping, stretching, or kinematic-violating scaling and twisting, or where any object's established basic shape undergoes unexpected distortion over time, such as an inelastic rope suddenly elongating.

Answer: A


Spatial Clipping: Two distinct objects interpenetrate each other's geometry, with one surface passing through another as if they occupied the same space.

Feature Instability: Unjustified temporal mutation of attributes that should remain constant throughout a scene—including entity identity, body proportions, fine-grained appearance details (e.g., button count, eye color, texture patterns), and scene-bound clothing—where no narrative motivation (such as an explicit costume change or time skip) accounts for the observed shift. Extrinsic attributes that are narratively mutable (e.g., pose, expression, lighting response) are excluded from this definition.

Answer: E


Abnormal Facial Expression: Facial movements appear robotic or distorted because only certain parts of the face move (e.g., the mouth moves while the eyes and cheeks stay frozen), or muscles pull in unnatural directions during intense expressions.

Refraction Distortion: Light passing through curved or refractive transparent materials (e.g., glass spheres, bubbles, water bodies, crystal) fails to produce physically plausible optical effects—including geometric distortion of background objects as seen through the medium (e.g., inverted and wide-angle compression in bubbles or water droplets), caustic light patterns on surrounding surfaces, or the apparent positional shift of submerged objects due to Snell's law. A typical failure case is a bubble or glass ball in which the reflected/refracted scene appears undistorted or upright, when physics requires an inverted, compressed wide-angle image.

Unnatural Biological Motion: Living creatures move in ways that defy physics or biology, such as sliding across the ground without walking, joints bending in impossible directions, or jerky and stuttering movements.

Action-Context Mismatch: Illogical behaviors or physical operations that blatantly contradict common sense, functional intent, or the established narrative context, despite adhering to basic physics. This encompasses biological absurdities (such as smelling the bottom of a bottle, fleeing towards danger, or misaligned gazes in a group photo), as well as impossible object phenomena (like a car spouting water, an intact bottle leaking, or a spaceship flying contrary to its propulsion direction).

Answer: B,C,E,F


Consequence Without Valid Action: A physical result occurs without a matching trigger or causal action, such as a skateboard rotating on its own or the volume of water increasing without any source.

Answer: A,B,C,D,F


Occlusion Failure: A depth-ordering or layering error where an object that should be blocked by a nearer surface remains visible, or is incorrectly rendered in front of it.

Answer: D


Flickering and Noise: Static surfaces exhibit shimmering, crawling patterns, or grid-like noise across frames.

Non-Biological Structural Loss: Objects or environments have broken structures or missing essential parts, such as bridges without pillars, disconnected walls, or deformed buildings and roads that make them physically impossible.

Biological Anatomy Violation: Static anatomical deformities that contradict fundamental biological common sense, encompassing skeletal and limb anomalies—such as extra digits, missing limbs, unequal limb lengths, or absent joints—as well as impossible facial structures like multiple pupils in a single eye or more than one nose on a face.

Action Without Consequence: An action is performed but produces no physical reaction or change in the target object, such as spilling water without wetting the ground or eating without the food amount decreasing.

Inconsistent Blur: Blur that is spatially incoherent and cannot be explained by depth-of-field or motion blur. Manifests as arbitrary local softening or loss of detail in regions that should be sharp given the scene's focus and motion context.

Answer: A,B,E


Irreversibility Violation: An irreversible physical process is unnaturally reversed or undone, such as shattered glass fragments fusing back together or a burnt object restoring itself to its original state.

Texture Inconsistency: A localized region on a continuous surface shows a perceptible break in texture density, scale, or orientation relative to its surroundings, excluding intentional design variations such as prints, patterns, or patchwork.

Lighting and Shadow Inconsistency: Light direction is inconsistent across the scene, shadows conflict with implied light sources, unexplained local or global illumination shifts occur, or shadow count does not match the number of physical objects present.

Answer: C,E,F


Dynamic and Kinematic Inconsistency: Movement breaks basic physics regarding trajectory, speed, or environmental interaction(rather than object shape), such as parts of a single solid object moving at different speeds, incorrect relative motion between a moving subject and its background, or fluids like water and smoke failing to splash or flow according to inertia.

Spatial Coherence: The relative positions, orientations, gaze directions, or interaction points between subjects are inconsistent—either across camera cuts (e.g., eyeline direction reverses after a cut) or within a continuous shot (e.g., two characters' relative positions drift without physical motivation). Typical failures include 180-degree rule violations, gaze mismatches where a character looks left when their interlocutor is on the right, and interaction contact points that shift between frames.

Abnormal Object Disappearance/Appearance: An object or person suddenly pops into or vanishes from the scene into thin air without being covered by anything or having a logical reason to enter or leave.

Answer: A,B,D,F


Color and Exposure Anomaly: Perceptual irregularities in color and luminance, characterized by: excessively vivid or artificially pure primary RGB hues; flat surfaces lacking gradient across lighting transitions; implausibly high/low exposure causing detail loss in highlights or shadows; or hard, opaque bright regions lacking the soft gradation of natural glare.

Unnatural Camera Motion: Jerky camera jitter, impossible physics-defying movement, or anomalies occurring during zooming or refocusings like desynchronized parallax and focus jumping.

Oversmoothing: Surfaces appear unnaturally smooth, waxy, or plastic-like, with expected micro-textures (pores, fibers, scratches) absent or visibly suppressed.

Answer: C,E


Text and Symbol Unreadable: In-scene text or symbols are either severely distorted or garbled into illegible characters, or visually well-formed but semantically meaningless.

Answer: D,F


Depth and Perspective Distortion: Perspective or depth relationships in the scene are geometrically implausible. This includes static errors (such as misaligned vanishing points, or background objects appearing disproportionately massive relative to foreground elements), as well as dynamic errors during camera movement (such as objects scaling at physically incorrect rates as the camera approaches or recedes, failing to follow the natural laws of perspective).

Answer: C


Canonical Appearance Violation: The visual representation of a well-known entity violates its universally accepted appearance or canonical form or scale, such as depicting the Earth with incorrect colors or landmass distributions.

Answer: B,C,D,E


Abnormal Facial Expression: Facial movements appear robotic or distorted because only certain parts of the face move (e.g., the mouth moves while the eyes and cheeks stay frozen), or muscles pull in unnatural directions during intense expressions.

Unnatural Biological Motion: Living creatures move in ways that defy physics or biology, such as sliding across the ground without walking, joints bending in impossible directions, or jerky and stuttering movements.

Identical Multi-Subject Motion: Multiple characters in a scene perform perfectly synchronized actions or share the exact same facial expressions and demeanors, lacking the natural randomness and individual variance expected in a real crowd.

Answer: A,F


Unnatural Morphing: Physically implausible deformations where rigid bodies exhibit non-rigid, fluid-like warping, stretching, or kinematic-violating scaling and twisting, or where any object's established basic shape undergoes unexpected distortion over time, such as an inelastic rope suddenly elongating.

Feature Instability: Unjustified temporal mutation of attributes that should remain constant throughout a scene—including entity identity, body proportions, fine-grained appearance details (e.g., button count, eye color, texture patterns), and scene-bound clothing—where no narrative motivation (such as an explicit costume change or time skip) accounts for the observed shift. Extrinsic attributes that are narratively mutable (e.g., pose, expression, lighting response) are excluded from this definition.

Abnormal Multi-Object Merging/Splitting: Erroneous violation of object boundaries where independent entities unnaturally fuse together or a single cohesive object spontaneously fragments without external force.

Answer: B,C


Non-Biological Structural Loss: Objects or environments have broken structures or missing essential parts, such as bridges without pillars, disconnected walls, or deformed buildings and roads that make them physically impossible.

Biological Anatomy Violation: Static anatomical deformities that contradict fundamental biological common sense, encompassing skeletal and limb anomalies—such as extra digits, missing limbs, unequal limb lengths, or absent joints—as well as impossible facial structures like multiple pupils in a single eye or more than one nose on a face.

Reflection Inconsistency: Reflections on mirrors, water, or glass do not correspond to the actual scene, either misrepresenting subject position or appearance, or exhibiting unphysical distortion.

Answer: B,E


Flickering and Noise: Static surfaces exhibit shimmering, crawling patterns, or grid-like noise across frames.

Dynamic and Kinematic Inconsistency: Movement breaks basic physics regarding trajectory, speed, or environmental interaction(rather than object shape), such as parts of a single solid object moving at different speeds, incorrect relative motion between a moving subject and its background, or fluids like water and smoke failing to splash or flow according to inertia.

Answer: A,C,E


Texture Inconsistency: A localized region on a continuous surface shows a perceptible break in texture density, scale, or orientation relative to its surroundings, excluding intentional design variations such as prints, patterns, or patchwork.

Inconsistent Blur: Blur that is spatially incoherent and cannot be explained by depth-of-field or motion blur. Manifests as arbitrary local softening or loss of detail in regions that should be sharp given the scene's focus and motion context.

Action-Context Mismatch: Illogical behaviors or physical operations that blatantly contradict common sense, functional intent, or the established narrative context, despite adhering to basic physics. This encompasses biological absurdities (such as smelling the bottom of a bottle, fleeing towards danger, or misaligned gazes in a group photo), as well as impossible object phenomena (like a car spouting water, an intact bottle leaking, or a spaceship flying contrary to its propulsion direction).

Answer: C,D,E


Abnormal Object Disappearance/Appearance: An object or person suddenly pops into or vanishes from the scene into thin air without being covered by anything or having a logical reason to enter or leave.

Irreversibility Violation: An irreversible physical process is unnaturally reversed or undone, such as shattered glass fragments fusing back together or a burnt object restoring itself to its original state.

Action Without Consequence: An action is performed but produces no physical reaction or change in the target object, such as spilling water without wetting the ground or eating without the food amount decreasing.

Canonical Appearance Violation: The visual representation of a well-known entity violates its universally accepted appearance or canonical form or scale, such as depicting the Earth with incorrect colors or landmass distributions.

Spatial Coherence: The relative positions, orientations, gaze directions, or interaction points between subjects are inconsistent—either across camera cuts (e.g., eyeline direction reverses after a cut) or within a continuous shot (e.g., two characters' relative positions drift without physical motivation). Typical failures include 180-degree rule violations, gaze mismatches where a character looks left when their interlocutor is on the right, and interaction contact points that shift between frames.

Answer: A,B,D