diff --git "a/endev_testset.csv" "b/endev_testset.csv" --- "a/endev_testset.csv" +++ "b/endev_testset.csv" @@ -1,22 +1,43 @@ user_input,reference_contexts,reference,persona_name,query_style,query_length,synthesizer_name -why the new clean cookstoves not work good if people still use old stoves and fires and the food taste different and dont like change in cooking practices,"[""# EnDev: Stirring change through clean cooking – Lessons and insights from 20 years of implementation\n## Respect cooking needs and cooking reality\nThere are many ways in which cooking reality may not align with the plans of a programme like EnDev. In reality, cooks use different types of stoves and fuels in parallel, intending to meet their daily cooking needs. The socalled 'stacking' of traditional stoves and fuels alongside higher-tier devices interferes with intended fuel savings,\n18\nbut it is common sense for a cook. If the stack includes an improved cookstove, the promised health gains may fall short without other changes - for example, smart ventilation to lead health-affecting pollutants out of the home and reduce the exposure of the cook.\nIn reality, the design of modern and more sophisticated cleaner-burning stoves may also require changes in cooking practices, which may conflict with the preferences of the cook or the whole household. Cooking with laboriously gathered firewood on an open fire may seem 'free' - if the labour of the person who gathers it isn't valued in economic terms or is even valued positively in social terms.\nIn comparison, a new technology may look expensive, and cost-benefit analysis may underly different paradigms. Or in the end, a different way of cooking may just make meals taste different. Devotion to the traditional wood-fired or charcoal-fired taste of a dish has stood in the way of many a clean cooking effort.\nGiven all of these real-world factors, a comprehensive view of a stove's impact has to look beyond its technical performance. Impact includes how the stove integrates into daily life and serves the cooking needs in the local setting, affecting behaviours along the way. Clean cooking gains are real and lasting when enthusiasm for new cooking practices is as strong as enthusiasm for a new stove.""]","The new clean cookstoves may not work effectively because people often continue using traditional stoves and fuels alongside the new ones, a practice known as 'stacking,' which reduces fuel savings and limits health benefits. Additionally, the design of modern stoves may require changes in cooking practices that conflict with household preferences, and some people resist switching because they prefer the traditional taste of food cooked with wood or charcoal. Cooking with firewood may also seem 'free' if the labor to gather it isn't economically valued, while new technologies may appear expensive. These factors, including taste differences and reluctance to change established cooking practices, hinder the adoption and impact of clean cooking solutions.",Sustainable Energy Outreach Coordinator,POOR_GRAMMAR,LONG,single_hop_specific_query_synthesizer -What is the role of moisture meters in assessing biomass fuel for clean cooking?,"['# EnDev’s proxy-indicator approach for assessing the quality of a Cooking Energy System\n## How to evaluate biomass fuel moisture in the field?\nThere are moisture meters for the field and bomb calorimeters for the lab. However, EnDev looks for proxy indicators that can be used in the field. The key question is: why should a biomass fuel be wet when used in the stove? Some biomass fuels are wet after production (e.g. firewood, dung) while other biomass fuels are dry after production (e.g. charcoal). This condition might have already changed until the fuel has either been collected or purchased by the end user. Firewood could dry out or charcoal could be exposed to rain. However, the actual important question is how the household treats the fuel before using it. Is the fuel stored at a dry place? Is the fuel sundried before using it in the stove? These are the two guiding questions.\nDung leaves and twigs contain a lot of moisture in fresh condition. Even in dry condition, they will still result in higher emission levels because of their inhomogeneous shape and quality.\nFirewood and charcoal emit far less CO and PM when used in dry condition. However, rosin containing firewood and incomplete carbonised charcoal show higher emission levels.\nRice husks, pellets and briquettes have a far more regular shape than firewood or charcoal. In dry condition, they have a lower emission level compared to charcoal and firewood.\n20']","Moisture meters are used in the field to assess the moisture content of biomass fuels, helping determine if the fuel is dry before use, which is critical for reducing emissions when used in stoves.",Clean Cooking Behavior Specialist,PERFECT_GRAMMAR,SHORT,single_hop_specific_query_synthesizer -What factors influence cooking behaviour?,"[""# Behavioural change\npromotion toward\ncleaner cooking solutions\n## Need for a holistic and integrated approach\nCooking behaviour results from a combination of complex factors tangible and intangible: personal and community values, languages, cultures and stories; challenges, opportunities and aspirations. Moreover, 'the actors in the sector are part of an interconnect\xad ed, dynamic ecosystem, and therefore, we cannot think of these actors and various barriers as siloed components but as parts of a broader system.' 7 This is the reason why a truly holistic approach is needed to address the variety of behavioural determinants.""]","Cooking behaviour results from a combination of complex factors, both tangible and intangible, including personal and community values, languages, cultures and stories, as well as challenges, opportunities and aspirations.",Energy Access Field Officer,PERFECT_GRAMMAR,SHORT,single_hop_specific_query_synthesizer -how has solar irrigation impacted farming communities in the Eastern Region of Ghana,"[""# 13 Years of Impact in Ghana\n## 5.2 Solar Irrigation is a Game Changer for Farmers in Ghana\nTeacher Mante, a farming community in the Eastern Region of Ghana, which is an hour drive from Accra, lacked a reliable supply of water for irrigation. Moreover, they were too far from the national grid to make a grid extension and electric pumping feasible. As a result, most inhabitants of the community abandoned their farmlands.\nIntending to solve this problem and while doing so, rekindle the interest of the young and unemployed in farming, a farmer named Bobby Gyesi, with support from EnDev, procured a 1500W solar powered irrigation system, which was installed by a private pump dealer. Six months later, Bobby is able to irrigate ten (10) acres of vegetables by drip irrigation from a reliable source of water, whereas he previously farmed just one acre. He has expanded his total farm to another fifty (50) acres and contracted twenty-two (22) farmers to cultivate the additional area under an out-grower scheme. With a percentage of the farm profit, he has constructed a dam to collect water for irrigation of the additional acres and hopes to expand his system to employ solar irrigation on it soon. Kwame, another farmer and member of the out-grower scheme testifies, 'the solar pumping system convinced us that solar irrigation is the right technology for us.''""]","In the Eastern Region of Ghana, specifically in the farming community of Teacher Mante, solar irrigation has significantly transformed agricultural practices. The community previously lacked reliable water for irrigation and was too far from the national grid for electric pumping, leading many to abandon their farmlands. With support from EnDev, farmer Bobby Gyesi installed a 1500W solar-powered irrigation system, enabling him to irrigate ten acres of vegetables via drip irrigation—up from just one acre previously. He expanded his farm to fifty additional acres and engaged twenty-two farmers through an out-grower scheme. Using profits, he constructed a dam for water storage and plans to extend solar irrigation to this new system. Farmers like Kwame, part of the out-grower scheme, now affirm that solar irrigation is the right technology for their community, demonstrating renewed interest in farming among the youth and unemployed.",Energy Access Field Officer,WEB_SEARCH_LIKE,LONG,single_hop_specific_query_synthesizer -what kind of tech they show for sustainable agriculture?,['# Demonstrations of\nProductive Use Technologies\nfor Sustainable Agriculture\n## Types of Barriers\nFarmer'],"Demonstrations of Productive Use Technologies for Sustainable Agriculture are provided, though specific technologies are not detailed in the context.",Energy Access Field Officer,POOR_GRAMMAR,MEDIUM,single_hop_specific_query_synthesizer -wut is LPG conserned as in cleen cooking behavioor change?,"[""# Behavioural change\npromotion toward\ncleaner cooking solutions\n## Behavioral change targets: clean cooking, mproved cook stoves, high and low tiers i\nThe sector's players use diff.ligaerent targets for behav\xad ioural change promotion toward 'clean cooking'. Some of them consider cooking devices to be 'clean' only when powered by electricity from renewable energies and biogas; the WHO includes LPG and gas in general due to its very low indoor emissions; others also include high\xadtier ICSs (tiers 3, 4 and 5) that can still use 'unclean' fuels such as charcoal and firewood; others still consider it a prior\xad ity to promote low tier ICSs (tiers 1 and 2).\nEnDev recognizes that higher\xadtier options represent the best solution for the overall strategy of the sector but acknowledges that there is scope for lower\xadtier stoves in the market as a first or intermediate step toward clean cooking. By focusing only on leapfrog\xad ging from tier 0 (e.g. open firewood) to high\xadtier solutions - generally less aff.ligaordable and less tech\xad nologically accessible than low\xadtier - millions of vulnerable communities, households and individuals risk being le/f_t.liga behind. For those not able to make this jump, support is needed to help them move gradual\xad ly up the clean cooking ladder (transitional context) . In fact, the sector should also support social inclu\xad sion, with specific a/t_t.ligaention for disadvantaged groups. Ultimately, it is the consumer who decides which clean cooking solution to purchase and use.\nOverview of the most common behavioural change determinants\n2 Overview of the most common behavioural change determinants\nDeveloping a base of knowledge about human behaviour around cooking has been essential to improving the eff.ligaectiveness of clean cooking nterventions. This has led institutions, organisations and agencies to i develop studies built on psychological theories, policies and case studies that together create a very large body of literature.""]","LPG is considered a clean cooking solution due to its very low indoor emissions, as recognized by the WHO, and is included in behavioral change promotion toward clean cooking.",Energy Access Field Officer,MISSPELLED,MEDIUM,single_hop_specific_query_synthesizer -how the chimney be clean for dung twigs leafs cooking?,"[""# EnDev’s proxy-indicator approach for assessing the quality of a Cooking Energy System\n## How to grade 'user behaviour' as factor for emissions\nThere are many ways for the user to cause higher emissions when utilising the stove. However, EnDev needs to focus on the major factors and calculate the average user behaviour of an intervention zone.\n'Does the majority of the users apply the below mentioned recommendations for the handling of the stove and fuel-system in the respective area most of the time?' (Yes/No)\nStove-and fuel type, 1 = Assumptions on handling-related factors that could reduce emissions when using this stove and fuel. Firewood,, 1 = Not overloading combustion chamber with fuel Removing ash from combustion chamber to allow for air. Dung, Twigs, Leafs, 1 = Cleaning chimney according to recommendation. Charcoal, 1 = Lighting stove outside the kitchen. Pellets, 1 = . , 1 = Avoid filling broken pellets and dust in the combustion chamber""]","The chimney should be cleaned according to recommendation when using dung, twigs, and leafs as fuel to reduce emissions.",Clean Cooking Behavior Specialist,POOR_GRAMMAR,MEDIUM,single_hop_specific_query_synthesizer -Wat iz teh functional verificashion of teh instalaltion qualitee for a grid-tied inverter in teh mini grid pv system commissioning guidelien?,"['<1-hop>\n\n# Mini Grid PV System\nInspection and\nCommissioning Guideline\n## D. Functional Verification Filling Example\nTable 51. Example of Filling Functional Verification Form', '<2-hop>\n\n# Mini Grid PV System\nInspection and\nCommissioning Guideline\n## b. Explanation on completing forms\nTable 24 Installation Quality of Battery Inverter\navailable) is tightly attached. 7, E. Installation Quality.Check [√] = √. 7, E. Installation Quality.Note = . 8, E. Installation Quality.Parameters = Cable from the inverter to the battery connected in one cluster has the same length. 8, E. Installation Quality.Check [√] = √. 8, E. Installation Quality.Note = . 9, E. Installation Quality.Parameters = Cable glands are firmly attached to the hole of the inverter cable and the empty opening for cable is closed. 9, E. Installation Quality.Check [√] = √. 9, E. Installation Quality.Note = . 10, E. Installation Quality.Parameters = Battery inverter can communicate with the battery management system (BMS) if lithium-ion or zinc-air battery is used. 10, E. Installation Quality.Check [√] = √. 10, E. Installation Quality.Note =', '<3-hop>\n\n# Mini Grid PV System\nInspection and\nCommissioning Guideline\n## 1. GENERAL INFORMATION OF GRID-TIED INVERTER\na. Actions to perform in visual inspection of general information on grid-tied inverters are:\n1. (Checking the label/nameplate for the type of inverter (1 phase or 3 phases), number of inverter units, power capacity per unit of inverter, and total capacity of grid-tied inverters.\n2. Comparing the field data with the specifications\n3. Calculating the total capacity of all installed inverters and make the necessary records.']","The functional verification of the installation quality for a grid-tied inverter in the mini grid PV system commissioning guideline involves checking the visual inspection of general information on grid-tied inverters, such as verifying the label/nameplate for the type of inverter (1 phase or 3 phases), number of inverter units, power capacity per unit, and total capacity of all inverters. This includes comparing field data with specifications and calculating the total capacity of all installed inverters for proper documentation. Additionally, installation quality checks ensure secure connections, proper cabling, and communication between the battery inverter and the battery management system where applicable.",,,,multi_hop_abstract_query_synthesizer -how duz multianual indicativ programin rel8 2 afordabilty n budge7 plannin?,"['<1-hop>\n\n# Multi-annual indicative Programming 2023-2025\n## Technological\nThe technology chosen by the proposal will be suitable for producers, consumers, and other stakeholders. BCC and distributors training will promote a safe, efficient and sustained use of the cooking device.', '<2-hop>\n\n# Multi-annual indicative Programming 2023-2025\n## Affordability and Access to Finance\n· Promoting ICSs affordability through value chain vertical integration, sales increase (economies of scale) and efficiencies promotion and through access to finance leaning on existing initiatives (VSLAs, women associations, MFIs)', ""<3-hop>\n\n# Multi-annual indicative Programming 2023-2025\n## Budget\nPlease indicate your requested core budget using the table 'Budget overview'.\nPlease add additional co-financing (donor, amount) that also add to the project outcomes and activities for the programming period in the table 'Final budget for project period incl. co-financing'.""]","Multi-annual indicative programming 2023-2025 addresses affordability by promoting improved cooking stoves (ICSs) through value chain integration, economies of scale, and access to finance via initiatives like VSLAs, women associations, and MFIs. It also incorporates budget planning by requiring a detailed core budget and co-financing information in the 'Budget overview' and 'Final budget for project period incl. co-financing' tables, ensuring financial planning supports project outcomes.",,,,multi_hop_abstract_query_synthesizer -Houw duz a hollistic appraoch too cleen cookin wiht improoved cook stoves adrees teh realiteh of cookin pratices and behavorial chenjes nedded for sustanable adopcion?,"[""<1-hop>\n\n# EnDev: Stirring change through clean cooking – Lessons and insights from 20 years of implementation\n## Respect cooking needs and cooking reality\nThere are many ways in which cooking reality may not align with the plans of a programme like EnDev. In reality, cooks use different types of stoves and fuels in parallel, intending to meet their daily cooking needs. The socalled 'stacking' of traditional stoves and fuels alongside higher-tier devices interferes with intended fuel savings,\n18\nbut it is common sense for a cook. If the stack includes an improved cookstove, the promised health gains may fall short without other changes - for example, smart ventilation to lead health-affecting pollutants out of the home and reduce the exposure of the cook.\nIn reality, the design of modern and more sophisticated cleaner-burning stoves may also require changes in cooking practices, which may conflict with the preferences of the cook or the whole household. Cooking with laboriously gathered firewood on an open fire may seem 'free' - if the labour of the person who gathers it isn't valued in economic terms or is even valued positively in social terms.\nIn comparison, a new technology may look expensive, and cost-benefit analysis may underly different paradigms. Or in the end, a different way of cooking may just make meals taste different. Devotion to the traditional wood-fired or charcoal-fired taste of a dish has stood in the way of many a clean cooking effort.\nGiven all of these real-world factors, a comprehensive view of a stove's impact has to look beyond its technical performance. Impact includes how the stove integrates into daily life and serves the cooking needs in the local setting, affecting behaviours along the way. Clean cooking gains are real and lasting when enthusiasm for new cooking practices is as strong as enthusiasm for a new stove."", ""<2-hop>\n\n# Behavioural change\npromotion toward\ncleaner cooking solutions\n## Need for a holistic and integrated approach\nCooking behaviour results from a combination of complex factors tangible and intangible: personal and community values, languages, cultures and stories; challenges, opportunities and aspirations. Moreover, 'the actors in the sector are part of an interconnect\xad ed, dynamic ecosystem, and therefore, we cannot think of these actors and various barriers as siloed components but as parts of a broader system.' 7 This is the reason why a truly holistic approach is needed to address the variety of behavioural determinants."", ""<3-hop>\n\n# Behavioural change\npromotion toward\ncleaner cooking solutions\n## Behavioral change targets: clean cooking, mproved cook stoves, high and low tiers i\nThe sector's players use diff.ligaerent targets for behav\xad ioural change promotion toward 'clean cooking'. Some of them consider cooking devices to be 'clean' only when powered by electricity from renewable energies and biogas; the WHO includes LPG and gas in general due to its very low indoor emissions; others also include high\xadtier ICSs (tiers 3, 4 and 5) that can still use 'unclean' fuels such as charcoal and firewood; others still consider it a prior\xad ity to promote low tier ICSs (tiers 1 and 2).\nEnDev recognizes that higher\xadtier options represent the best solution for the overall strategy of the sector but acknowledges that there is scope for lower\xadtier stoves in the market as a first or intermediate step toward clean cooking. By focusing only on leapfrog\xad ging from tier 0 (e.g. open firewood) to high\xadtier solutions - generally less aff.ligaordable and less tech\xad nologically accessible than low\xadtier - millions of vulnerable communities, households and individuals risk being le/f_t.liga behind. For those not able to make this jump, support is needed to help them move gradual\xad ly up the clean cooking ladder (transitional context) . In fact, the sector should also support social inclu\xad sion, with specific a/t_t.ligaention for disadvantaged groups. Ultimately, it is the consumer who decides which clean cooking solution to purchase and use.\nOverview of the most common behavioural change determinants\n2 Overview of the most common behavioural change determinants\nDeveloping a base of knowledge about human behaviour around cooking has been essential to improving the eff.ligaectiveness of clean cooking nterventions. This has led institutions, organisations and agencies to i develop studies built on psychological theories, policies and case studies that together create a very large body of literature.""]","A holistic approach to clean cooking with improved cookstoves addresses the realities of cooking practices by recognizing that cooks often use multiple stoves and fuels simultaneously—a practice known as 'stacking'—which can undermine fuel savings and health benefits. Since cooking behavior is shaped by tangible and intangible factors such as cultural preferences, social values, and economic constraints, a truly integrated strategy is required. This includes understanding that traditional cooking methods may be preferred for taste or social reasons, and that new stoves may require changes in behavior that conflict with household norms. EnDev supports a gradual transition up the clean cooking ladder, including the use of low-tier improved cookstoves (ICS) as an intermediate step, especially for vulnerable communities who cannot immediately adopt high-tier solutions. This inclusive, step-wise approach ensures that behavioral change is supported in a way that respects local realities, promotes social inclusion, and allows consumers to make informed choices about their cooking solutions.",,,,multi_hop_abstract_query_synthesizer -how duz multianual indicativ programin adafordabilitty n safegaurdz rel8 to ics afordability?,"['<1-hop>\n\n# Multi-annual indicative Programming 2023-2025\n## Technological\nICS is widely accepted by consumers. BCC and distributors training will promote a safe, efficient and sustained use of ICS.', '<2-hop>\n\n# Multi-annual indicative Programming 2023-2025\n## Affordability and Access to Finance\n· Promoting ICSs affordability through value chain vertical integration, sales increase (economies of scale) and efficiencies promotion and through access to finance leaning on existing initiatives (VSLAs, women associations, MFIs)', '<3-hop>\n\n# Multi-annual indicative Programming 2023-2025\n## Safeguards and risks\nAnnex A, Multi-annual indicative programming 2023-2025 (jump to Contents)\n278']","The Multi-annual Indicative Programming 2023-2025 addresses affordability by promoting ICSs through value chain vertical integration, increased sales for economies of scale, and access to finance via initiatives like VSLAs, women associations, and MFIs. Safeguards are included as part of the programming framework to manage risks, ensuring that efforts to improve affordability and access do not compromise safety or efficiency, as referenced in Annex A of the programming document.",,,,multi_hop_abstract_query_synthesizer -How do the Progress Report 2020 and Annual Planning 2021 documents reflect the progression of strategies for promoting cleaner cooking solutions?,"['<1-hop>\n\n# Progress Report 2020\n## Annexes\nProgress Report 2020\n42', '<2-hop>\n\n# Annual Planning 2021\n## SI Access\n65']","The Progress Report 2020, found in the annexes of the 2020 report, provides an overview of the achievements and challenges in promoting cleaner cooking solutions, while the Annual Planning 2021 document outlines the strategic direction for SI Access in 2021, indicating a structured progression from assessment to planning in advancing sustainable energy initiatives.",,,,multi_hop_abstract_query_synthesizer -"how we make sure that vulnerable groups not left behind when doing energy projects like in fragile places or poor remote areas, especially when trying to leave no one behind as a goal?","[""<1-hop>\n\n# Leaving no one behind: from framework to operationalisation\n## Table of Contents\n1. Executive Summary, 1 = 5. 2. The global commitment to, 1 = 6. leaving no one behind 3. EnDev's LNOB framework: the, 1 = 7. 3.1 The ambition, 1 = 7. 3.2 The target groups, 1 = . , 1 = 8. 4. Operationalising LNOB: putting, 1 = 10. 4.1 LNOB in practice: conceptual framework, 1 = 10. 4.2 Mapping: who is left behind and why, 1 = 11. 4.3 Taking action: designing interventions to reach LNOB groups, 1 = 13. 4.3.1 Understanding market gaps, 1 = 13. 4.3.2 Designing LNOB interventions, 1 = 15. , 1 = 20. 4.4 Tracking results: ensuring quality of LNOB data and information, 1 = . 5.1 Energy access in fragile contexts: EnDev Ethiopia, 1 = 22. 5.2 Addressing challenges of remoteness and poverty: EnDev Nepal, 1 = 26. References, 1 = 30 32. 6. Conclusion, 1 ="", '<2-hop>\n\n# Leaving no one behind: from framework to operationalisation\n## 4.3 Taking action: designing interventions to reach LNOB groups\nOnce vulnerable groups have been identified, interventions must be designed to directly address their specific energy needs, barriers, and contexts. For EnDev, this means going beyond standard models to develop context-specific activities that prioritise those at greatest risk of being left behind.\nIn LNOB settings, this often involves adapting delivery models, subsidy structures, and implementation mechanisms to reflect the realities of target groups. Addressing inequality also involves, wherever possible, challenging gender norms and strengthening the voice, representation, and empowerment of LNOB groups within the sector.']","To ensure that vulnerable groups are not left behind in energy projects, especially in fragile or remote areas, interventions must be specifically designed to address their unique energy needs, barriers, and contexts. As outlined in the LNOB framework, this involves going beyond standard models and adapting delivery mechanisms, subsidy structures, and implementation approaches to fit the realities of these groups. For example, EnDev's work in Ethiopia and Nepal demonstrates how operationalising the 'leaving no one behind' commitment requires targeted actions such as understanding market gaps, addressing challenges of remoteness and poverty, and ensuring inclusion through context-specific interventions. Additionally, addressing inequality involves challenging gender norms and empowering vulnerable groups by strengthening their voice and representation in the energy sector.",,,,multi_hop_abstract_query_synthesizer -How does gender analysis and gender mainstreaming inform project design and the theory of change in EnDev projects?,"['<1-hop>\n\n# Gender Strategy\n## Project design and planning stage:\n· Country projects undertake a gender analysis prior to designing proposals.\n· All proposals will\nInclude gender holistically in the Theory of Change -\nIdentify and formulate gender-specific actions to be -included in the project\nInclude gender-sensitive indicators and targets, -aligned with the EnDev logFrame\nAllocate appropriate human and financial resources -for the above', '<2-hop>\n\n# Gender Strategy\n## Theory of change\n(a) or all projects, gender considerations will be mainF streamed throughout the project cycle\n(b) All projects will adhere to the GIZ safeguards and gender management system\n(c) n every programming cycle, selected projects will I be assisted to develop and implement dedicated Gender Action Plans.']","Gender analysis is conducted prior to designing proposals, ensuring that gender considerations are integrated holistically into the Theory of Change. This includes formulating gender-specific actions, setting gender-sensitive indicators and targets aligned with the EnDev logFrame, and allocating appropriate human and financial resources. Furthermore, gender mainstreaming is applied throughout the project cycle, with all projects required to integrate gender considerations, adhere to GIZ safeguards and gender management systems, and, in selected cases, develop and implement dedicated Gender Action Plans.",,,,multi_hop_abstract_query_synthesizer -"What are the steps involved in the visual inspection and commissioning of a grid-tied inverter in a mini grid PV system, and what information is recorded during this process?","['<1-hop>\n\n# Mini Grid PV System\nInspection and\nCommissioning Guideline\n## 1. GENERAL INFORMATION OF GRID-TIED INVERTER\na. Actions to perform in visual inspection of general information on grid-tied inverters are:\n1. (Checking the label/nameplate for the type of inverter (1 phase or 3 phases), number of inverter units, power capacity per unit of inverter, and total capacity of grid-tied inverters.\n2. Comparing the field data with the specifications\n3. Calculating the total capacity of all installed inverters and make the necessary records.', ""<2-hop>\n\n# Mini Grid PV System\nInspection and\nCommissioning Guideline\n## List of Table\nTable 9, 1 = General Information of Grid-Tied Inverter. Table 9, 2 = 21. , 1 = Table 10 Specification of Grid-Tied Inverter. , 2 = 22. Table 11, 1 = Specification of Grid-Tied Inverter's Protection and Cabling. Table 11, 2 = 23. Table 12, 1 = Installation Quality of Inverter. Table 12, 2 = 24. Table 13, 1 = General Information of Battery Bank. Table 13, 2 = 25. Table 14, 1 = Battery Cell Technical Specifications. Table 14, 2 = 26. Table 15, 1 = Battery Bank Information. Table 15, 2 = 26. Table 16, 1 = Installation Quality of Battery Bank. Table 16, 2 = 27. Table 17, 1 = General Information of Charge Controller. Table 17, 2 = 29. Table 18, 1 = Specification of Solar Charge Controller. Table 18, 2 = 30. Table 19, 1 = Specification of Protection and Cabling Solar Charge Controller. Table 19, 2 = 30. , 1 = Table 20 Installation Quality of Solar Charge Controller. , 2 = 32. Table 21, 1 = General Information of Battery Inverter. Table 21, 2 = 34. Table 22, 1 = Specification of Battery Inverter. Table 22, 2 = 35. , 1 = Table 23 Specification of Multicluster. , 2 = 35. , 1 = Table 24 Installation Quality of Battery Inverter. , 2 = 36. , 1 = Table 25 General Information of Distribution Panel. , 2 = 38. , 1 = Table 26 General Information of DC Distribution Panel. , 2 = 38. , 1 = Table 27 Specification of Battery String Protection and Cabling. , 2 = 39. , 1 = Table 28 Specification of Stand-Alone Inverter Protection and Cabling. , 2 = 40. , 1 = Table 29""]","The visual inspection of a grid-tied inverter in a mini grid PV system involves checking the label or nameplate to determine the type of inverter (1 phase or 3 phases), the number of inverter units, the power capacity per unit, and the total capacity of all grid-tied inverters. The next steps include comparing the field data with the specified technical details and calculating the total capacity of all installed inverters. All findings and calculations are then recorded as part of the commissioning process. This procedure is outlined in Table 9, 1 of the Mini Grid PV System Inspection and Commissioning Guideline, which focuses on the general information of grid-tied inverters.",,,,multi_hop_specific_query_synthesizer -how bcc help in making ics use safe and efficient when both bcc and distributors training are used?,"['<1-hop>\n\n# Multi-annual indicative Programming 2023-2025\n## Technological\nICS is widely accepted by consumers. BCC and distributors training will promote a safe, efficient and sustained use of ICS.', '<2-hop>\n\n# Multi-annual indicative Programming 2023-2025\n## Technological\nThe technology chosen by the proposal will be suitable for producers, consumers, and other stakeholders. BCC and distributors training will promote a safe, efficient and sustained use of the cooking device.']","BCC and distributors training promote a safe, efficient and sustained use of ICS, as mentioned in the context, by ensuring that both producers and consumers are properly educated on the correct and effective use of the cooking devices.",,,,multi_hop_specific_query_synthesizer -Wat is ElectriFi's investmnt in VITALITE an exampl of in termes of debt financng tools?,"[""<1-hop>\n\n# Innovative Finance for Energy Access: Key Tools, Challenges, and Opportunities for Mobilising Finance in the SDG7 Space\n## Challenges and success factors\nFigure 3.3: Primary debt financing tools for energy access\nthrough equity shares, Examples = Mezzanine debt. Funds offered via an initially low- interest loan that can be repaid later as equity shares in the company, Description = · Private equity companies · Venture capital companies · Impact investors. Funds offered via an initially low- interest loan that can be repaid later as equity shares in the company, Lenders = EDF's investment in Sun Culture ElectriFi's investment in VITALITE. Funds offered via an initially low- interest loan that can be repaid later as equity shares in the company, Examples = Convertible notes""]","ElectriFi's investment in VITALITE is an example of a primary debt financing tool where funds are offered via an initially low-interest loan that can be repaid later as equity shares in the company, specifically categorized under convertible notes.",,,,multi_hop_specific_query_synthesizer -"How does the Gender Strategy ensure that gender considerations are systematically integrated into the project design and planning stages, particularly through the Theory of change and resource allocation?","['<1-hop>\n\n# Gender Strategy\n## Theory of change\n(a) or all projects, gender considerations will be mainF streamed throughout the project cycle\n(b) All projects will adhere to the GIZ safeguards and gender management system\n(c) n every programming cycle, selected projects will I be assisted to develop and implement dedicated Gender Action Plans.', '<2-hop>\n\n# Gender Strategy\n## Project design and planning stage:\n· Country projects undertake a gender analysis prior to designing proposals.\n· All proposals will\nInclude gender holistically in the Theory of Change -\nIdentify and formulate gender-specific actions to be -included in the project\nInclude gender-sensitive indicators and targets, -aligned with the EnDev logFrame\nAllocate appropriate human and financial resources -for the above']","The Gender Strategy ensures systematic integration of gender considerations during the project design and planning stages by requiring country projects to undertake a gender analysis prior to designing proposals. All proposals must include gender holistically in the Theory of Change, identify and formulate gender-specific actions to be included in the project, incorporate gender-sensitive indicators and targets aligned with the EnDev logFrame, and allocate appropriate human and financial resources for these purposes. Additionally, all projects adhere to the GIZ safeguards and gender management system, and in every programming cycle, selected projects are assisted in developing and implementing dedicated Gender Action Plans.",,,,multi_hop_specific_query_synthesizer -"Based on the progress reports from 2019 and the annual planning targets set for 2021, how does the achieved number of households gaining access to electricity in 2021 compare to the established target, and what might this indicate about the pace of progress in expanding household electricity access?","['<1-hop>\n\n# Progress Report 2019\n## HH Access Electricity\nJun 15 Dec 15 Jun 16 Dec 16 Jun 17 Dec 17 Jun 18 Dec 18 Jun 19 Dec 19 Jun 20 Dec 20 Jun 21', '<2-hop>\n\n# Annual Planning 2021\n## HH Access Electricity\nTargets: 60,800\nAchieved: 24,552']","The Annual Planning 2021 document states a target of 60,800 households to gain access to electricity, but only 24,552 households were achieved. This indicates that the actual number of households gaining access to electricity in 2021 fell significantly short of the target, suggesting a slowdown or challenges in expanding household electricity access compared to previous progress trends observed in the Progress Report 2019, which tracked access over time from June 2015 through December 2019.",,,,multi_hop_specific_query_synthesizer -What is the role of the Results-based Financing Facility in promoting clean energy access through a pro-poor approach in Kenya?,"['<1-hop>\n\n# Giving RBF a voice\n## The pro-poor approach shows its potential\nResults-based Financing Facility project closing story', '<2-hop>\n\n# Giving RBF a voice\n## Climbing the energy ladder\nResults-based Financing Facility project closing story\nKenya Stand-alone solarPV systems']","The Results-based Financing Facility plays a role in promoting clean energy access by supporting a pro-poor approach that enables vulnerable populations to climb the energy ladder, as demonstrated in the Kenya Stand-alone solarPV systems project, which is highlighted in the project closing story.",,,,multi_hop_specific_query_synthesizer -wut iz cleen kokin and y du kooks stil use tradishonal stoves insted?,"[""<1-hop>\n\n# EnDev: Stirring change through clean cooking – Lessons and insights from 20 years of implementation\n## Respect cooking needs and cooking reality\nThere are many ways in which cooking reality may not align with the plans of a programme like EnDev. In reality, cooks use different types of stoves and fuels in parallel, intending to meet their daily cooking needs. The socalled 'stacking' of traditional stoves and fuels alongside higher-tier devices interferes with intended fuel savings,\n18\nbut it is common sense for a cook. If the stack includes an improved cookstove, the promised health gains may fall short without other changes - for example, smart ventilation to lead health-affecting pollutants out of the home and reduce the exposure of the cook.\nIn reality, the design of modern and more sophisticated cleaner-burning stoves may also require changes in cooking practices, which may conflict with the preferences of the cook or the whole household. Cooking with laboriously gathered firewood on an open fire may seem 'free' - if the labour of the person who gathers it isn't valued in economic terms or is even valued positively in social terms.\nIn comparison, a new technology may look expensive, and cost-benefit analysis may underly different paradigms. Or in the end, a different way of cooking may just make meals taste different. Devotion to the traditional wood-fired or charcoal-fired taste of a dish has stood in the way of many a clean cooking effort.\nGiven all of these real-world factors, a comprehensive view of a stove's impact has to look beyond its technical performance. Impact includes how the stove integrates into daily life and serves the cooking needs in the local setting, affecting behaviours along the way. Clean cooking gains are real and lasting when enthusiasm for new cooking practices is as strong as enthusiasm for a new stove.""]","Cleen kokin refers to the use of improved cookstoves and cleaner-burning fuels to reduce harmful pollutants and improve health outcomes. However, cooks still use traditional stoves alongside these modern devices because their daily cooking needs often require multiple stove and fuel types, a practice known as 'stacking'. This happens not only because traditional fuels like firewood may seem 'free' if the labor to gather them isn't economically valued, but also because traditional cooking methods affect the taste of food, which many people prefer. Additionally, new stoves may demand changes in cooking practices that conflict with household preferences, making adoption difficult. Therefore, clean cooking initiatives must respect local cooking realities and cultural preferences to succeed.",,,,multi_hop_specific_query_synthesizer +what is no-load battery cell voltage measurement in mini grid pv systems,"['# Mini Grid PV System\nInspection and\nCommissioning Guideline\n## b. Explanation on completing forms\nTable 52. Example of Filling No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement form\n(table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 4.Cell = Bank 4 V oc [V]. Bank 1 V oc [V], A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement (table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 4.Temp = Bank 4 V oc [V]. Bank 1 V oc [V], A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement (table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 4.Tem- pera- ture = 26.52']","No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement refers to the measurement of open-circuit voltage (V oc) of battery cells in a mini grid PV system when no load is applied, recorded per battery bank, and is used during inspection and commissioning to ensure system reliability and performance.",Solar Energy Technician,WEB_SEARCH_LIKE,SHORT,single_hop_specific_query_synthesizer +wut is teh temp = 2.21 in battrey bank 4 mean?,"['# Mini Grid PV System\nInspection and\nCommissioning Guideline\n## b. Explanation on completing forms\nTable 52. Example of Filling No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement form\n(table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 4.Cell = 1. 1, A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement (table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 4.Temp = 2.21. 1, A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement (table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 4.Tem- pera- ture = 29. 2, A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement (table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 1.V oc = 2.1. 2, A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement (table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 1.Tem- pera- ture = 30. 2, A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement (table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 2.Cell = 2. 2, A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement (table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 2.V oc = 2.2. 2, A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement (table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 2.Tem- pera- ture = 30. 2, A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement (table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 3.Cell = 2. 2, A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement']","In the context of the No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement form, ""Temp = 2.21"" refers to a recorded value associated with Battery Bank 4, but the actual temperature measurement for Battery Bank 4 is 29, as indicated by ""Tem- pera- ture = 29"". The value ""Temp = 2.21"" appears to be a mislabeling or formatting error, as 2.21 corresponds to voltage measurements (V oc) in other entries, not temperature.",Solar Energy Technician,MISSPELLED,MEDIUM,single_hop_specific_query_synthesizer +whut is teh no-load battry cell volage for bank 3?,"['# Mini Grid PV System\nInspection and\nCommissioning Guideline\n## b. Explanation on completing forms\nTable 52. Example of Filling No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement form\n(table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 2.Cell = 4. 4, A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement (table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 2.V oc = 2.2. 4, A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement (table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 2.Tem- pera- ture = 30. 4, A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement (table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 3.Cell = 4. 4, A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement (table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 3.V oc = 2.15. 4, A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement (table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 3.Tem- pera- ture = 30. 4, A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement (table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 4.Cell = 4. 4, A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement (table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 4.Temp = 2.21. 4, A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement (table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 4.Tem- pera- ture = 29. 5, A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement']",The no-load battery cell voltage (V oc) for battery bank 3 is 2.15.,Solar Energy Technician,MISSPELLED,SHORT,single_hop_specific_query_synthesizer +battery bank 4 voltage during charging,"['# Mini Grid PV System\nInspection and\nCommissioning Guideline\n## B. Battery Cell Voltage Measurement During Charging (table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site)\nTable 53. Example of Filling Battery Cell Voltage Measurement During Charging Form\n[V], Battery bank 1.V cc = Bank 1 V chg [V]. Bank 1 V chg [V], Battery bank 1.Tempera- ture = 27. Bank 1 V chg [V], Battery bank 2.Cell = Bank 2 V chg [V]. Bank 1 V chg [V], Battery bank 2.V cc = Bank 2 V chg [V]. Bank 1 V chg [V], Battery bank 2.Tempera- ture = 27. Bank 1 V chg [V], Battery bank 3.Cell = Bank 3 V chg [V]. Bank 1 V chg [V], Battery bank 3.V cc = Bank 3 V chg [V]. Bank 1 V chg [V], Battery bank 3.Tempera- ture = 27. Bank 1 V chg [V], Battery bank 4.Cell = Bank 4 V chg [V]. Bank 1 V chg [V], Battery bank 4.V cc = Bank 4 V chg [V]. Bank 1 V chg [V], Battery bank 4.Tempera- ture = 27. Bank 1 I chg [V], Battery bank 1.V cc = Bank 1 I chg [V]. Bank 1 I chg [V], Battery bank 1.Tempera- ture = 30. Bank 1 I chg [V], Battery bank 2.Cell = Bank 2 I chg [V]. Bank 1 I chg [V], Battery bank 2.V cc = Bank 2 I chg [V]. Bank 1 I chg [V], Battery bank 2.Tempera- ture = 31. Bank 1 I chg [V], Battery bank 3.Cell = Bank 3 I. Bank 1 I chg']",Battery bank 4.V cc = Bank 4 V chg [V]. Battery bank 4.Cell = Bank 4 V chg [V]. Battery bank 4.Temperature = 27.,Solar Energy Technician,WEB_SEARCH_LIKE,SHORT,single_hop_specific_query_synthesizer +what is the procedure for filling out the no-load battery cell voltage measurement form for a mini grid pv system,"['# Mini Grid PV System\nInspection and\nCommissioning Guideline\n## b. Explanation on completing forms\nTable 52. Example of Filling No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement form\n(table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 4.Cell = 10. 10, A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement (table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 4.Temp = 2.21. 10, A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement (table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 4.Tem- pera- ture = 29. 11, A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement (table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 1.V oc = 2.1. 11, A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement (table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 1.Tem- pera- ture = 30. 11, A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement (table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 2.Cell = 11. 11, A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement (table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 2.V oc = 2.2. 11, A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement (table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 2.Tem- pera- ture = 30. 11, A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement (table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 3.Cell = 11. 11, A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement']","The procedure for filling out the No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement form for a Mini Grid PV System involves recording specific measurements for each battery bank, including the number of cells, open-circuit voltage (V oc), and temperature. The form can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site. For each battery bank, entries such as Cell, V oc, and Temperature are filled in, as shown in the example where Battery Bank 1 has a V oc of 2.1 and a temperature of 30, Battery Bank 2 has a V oc of 2.2 and a temperature of 30, and so on. Measurements like these are entered for each battery bank in the designated fields of the form.",Development Cooperation Officer,WEB_SEARCH_LIKE,LONG,single_hop_specific_query_synthesizer +What is the significance of the No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement in the inspection and commissioning of a mini grid PV system?,"['# Mini Grid PV System\nInspection and\nCommissioning Guideline\n## b. Explanation on completing forms\nTable 52. Example of Filling No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement form\n(table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 1.Tem- pera- ture = 25.2. Bank 1 V oc [V], A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement (table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 2.Cell = Bank 2 V oc [V]. Bank 1 V oc [V], A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement (table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 2.V oc = Bank 2 V oc [V]. Bank 1 V oc [V], A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement (table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 2.Tem- pera- ture = 26.4. Bank 1 V oc [V], A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement (table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 3.Cell = Bank 2 V oc [V]. Bank 1 V oc [V], A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement (table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 3.V oc = Bank 2 V oc [V]. Bank 1 V oc [V], A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement (table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 3.Tem- pera- ture = 25.8. Bank 1 V oc [V], A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement']","The No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement is used during the inspection and commissioning of a mini grid PV system to record the open-circuit voltage (V oc) of battery cells when no load is applied, ensuring proper documentation across multiple battery banks. The measurement process includes noting the temperature of each battery bank and recording the corresponding open-circuit voltage, as indicated by the repeated references to 'Battery bank' followed by temperature and 'V oc' values in the form example.",Solar Energy Technician,PERFECT_GRAMMAR,MEDIUM,single_hop_specific_query_synthesizer +why the temperature is important when doing no-load battery cell voltage measurement on mini grid pv system and what the value recorded for each battery bank,"['# Mini Grid PV System\nInspection and\nCommissioning Guideline\n## b. Explanation on completing forms\nTable 52. Example of Filling No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement form\n1, A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement (table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 1.V oc = 2.1. 1, A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement (table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 1.Tem- pera- ture = 30. 1, A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement (table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 2.Cell = 1. 1, A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement (table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 2.V oc = 2.2. 1, A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement (table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 2.Tem- pera- ture = 30. 1, A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement (table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 3.Cell = 1. 1, A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement (table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 3.V oc = 2.15. 1, A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement (table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 3.Tem- pera- ture = 30. 1, A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement']",Temperature is important when doing no-load battery cell voltage measurement because it affects the accuracy of the voltage readings and ensures proper system performance. The temperature value recorded for each battery bank is 30 degrees Celsius.,Solar Energy Technician,POOR_GRAMMAR,LONG,single_hop_specific_query_synthesizer +what the temp and cell voltage for battery bank 4 is can you tell me that please,"['# Mini Grid PV System\nInspection and\nCommissioning Guideline\n## b. Explanation on completing forms\nTable 52. Example of Filling No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement form\n(table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 3.V oc = 2.15. 2, A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement (table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 3.Tem- pera- ture = 30. 2, A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement (table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 4.Cell = 2. 2, A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement (table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 4.Temp = 2.21. 2, A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement (table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 4.Tem- pera- ture = 29. 3, A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement (table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 1.V oc = 2.1. 3, A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement (table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 1.Tem- pera- ture = 30. 3, A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement (table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 2.Cell = 3. 3, A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement (table can be adjusted according to the number of battery banks on site).Battery bank 2.V oc = 2.2. 3, A. No-Load Battery Cell Voltage Measurement']",The cell voltage for Battery bank 4 is 2.2 V and the temperature is 29 degrees Celsius.,Development Cooperation Officer,POOR_GRAMMAR,LONG,single_hop_specific_query_synthesizer +why germany is important for development cooperation and what role play giz from germany in annual operational programming 2024,"['# Annual Operational Programming 2024\n## Published by:\nDeutsche Gesellschaft für\nInternationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH\nRegistered offices Bonn and Eschborn, Germany\nDag-Hammarskjöld-Weg 1-5 65760 Eschborn, Germany T +49 61 96 79-0 F +49 61 96 79-11 15\nE info@giz.de\nI\nwww.giz.de\nAnnual Operational Programming 2024\n10\nMinistry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands\nSchweizerische Eidgenossenschaft Confederation suisse Confederazione Svizzera Confederaziun svizra\nSwiss Agency for Development and Cooperation SDC\nNetherlands Enterprise Agency']","Germany is important for development cooperation as it hosts the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, which is headquartered in Eschborn, Germany, and plays a key role in international development projects. GIZ published the Annual Operational Programming 2024, indicating its active involvement in development cooperation activities.",Development Cooperation Officer,POOR_GRAMMAR,LONG,single_hop_specific_query_synthesizer +"How does ADES demonstrate social sustainability through its treatment of direct staff, and what specific measures are implemented to support its employees?","['# Multi-annual indicative Programming 2023-2025\n## Social Sustainability\nADES works socially sustainable on three levels:\ni. Direct staff\nBy offering job opportunities with fair working conditions, access to training, equal opportunities and even financing the school fees of their staff, ADES is one of the most attractive employers in the country.']","ADES demonstrates social sustainability by offering job opportunities with fair working conditions, access to training, equal opportunities, and by financing the school fees of their staff, making it one of the most attractive employers in the country.",Solar Energy Technician,PERFECT_GRAMMAR,LONG,single_hop_specific_query_synthesizer +what is the role of endev-mali in promoting clean cooking through private sector investment and results-based financing,"['# Programming Report 2021 Update\n## Effectiveness and Cost-efficiency\nEnDev-Mali seeks to apply an efficient approach, stimulating sector actors to invest and take the lead for sustainable sector development. The RBF facility is based on the principle that the company has to first undertake an investment before getting financial compensation. During the first years of the EnDev intervention relatively much efforts are made in the improvement of the enabling environment, though still having ambitious sales targets.\nThe collaboration between SNV and GIZ for EnDev-Mali is also meant to improve effectiveness, increasing impacts for clean cooking and pico PV using networks of both organisations whenever possible. Pay&Go has specific potential to facilitate higher tiers in electrification and cooking.']","EnDev-Mali promotes clean cooking by applying an efficient approach that stimulates sector actors to invest and lead sustainable sector development, using a Results-Based Financing (RBF) facility that requires companies to make investments first before receiving financial compensation. The program also leverages the collaboration between SNV and GIZ to enhance effectiveness and increase impacts for clean cooking by utilizing both organizations' networks.",Development Cooperation Officer,WEB_SEARCH_LIKE,LONG,single_hop_specific_query_synthesizer +What is the role of MHDF in micro-hydro power sustainability challenges?,"['# Programming Report 2021 Update\n## Electricity\nEnDev is also piloting the installation of Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) in one MHP. Results and impacts of this pilot will help to formulate recommendation for a remote management of MHPs and will be shared with AEPC. AMI contributes to sustainability of MHPs because from the past experiences in MHDF there have been several challenges in terms of sustainability of MHPs with one major factor repeated that is lack of revenue for meeting basic operation cost of MHPs. Lack of transportation and difficult geographical terrain (isolated/scattered settlements) makes it challenging for the management to reach out to the electricity consumers and vice versa for tariff collection. With AMIs, the tariff collection is more efficient and convenient to both users and management as this timely tariff collection aids in repayment of the loan on time, meeting daily operation costs as well as reduced human resource required to go door to door for tariff collection (sometimes 1.5 days walk) leads to increased savings for repair/maintenance fund of MHP. Furthermore, users are more aware of the rules and regulation regarding tariff payment/penalty and their own electricity consumption. Finally, the MHP user committee are enabled to practice good management systems in terms of accounting, book keeping/record keeping.\nAnnex A, Programming Report 2021 Update\n353\nTo render micro-hydro power installations more sustainably including grid connectivity is a key topic for coming years. Grid integrated MHPs will mainly be sustainable and maintained by the local MHP user committee and NEA according to their agreement. Once connected, these MHPs will no longer depend on projects as they will have the financial means to take care of operation & maintenance. EnDev is a key partner for AEPC to develop an enabling environment for the transition from off-grid MHPs to grid-connected MHPs.']","MHDF has identified challenges in the sustainability of micro-hydro power plants (MHPs), particularly due to lack of revenue for meeting basic operation costs. These challenges are exacerbated by difficult geographical terrain and isolated settlements, which hinder tariff collection and communication between management and consumers.",Solar Energy Technician,WEB_SEARCH_LIKE,MEDIUM,single_hop_specific_query_synthesizer +wut is a prodact-servis sistm model?,"['# Enabling Environment\nfor PAY-AS-YOU-GO\n## (-) Technology providers have limited possibilities to offer financial services and MFIs have limited possibilities to stock and distribute products\nClassical PAYGO companies run a product-service system model in which the customer gets the technology and the financing from the same entity (See section 0.Product Service Systems). This is also the default model in Bangladesh, where MFIs create new entities to offer SHS with credit in a one-hand model. Due to the existing legal framework, the default model applied in Ethiopia up to date is the multi-enterprise business model. It refers to cases where two or more entities enter into formal agreements to provide the financed energy technology to the end-users. Typically, a technology supplier and an MFI enter into a contract where the former is providing financing, whilst the latter provides the hardware, conducts installation and after-sell services. The end-user has to deal with two entities to access electricity and services. To be effective, this model requires: a clarity in responsibilities,\nroles, as well as steps, procedures and process alignments between all participating parties.']","A product-service system model is a business model where the customer receives both the technology and the financing from the same entity, as seen in classical PAYGO companies and the default model in Bangladesh.",Solar Energy Technician,MISSPELLED,SHORT,single_hop_specific_query_synthesizer +wht ar th main barrirs to ICS uptak in Malawi?,"['# Programming Report 2021 Update\n## Enabling environment barriers\n1. A. Good framework conditions exist in regard to policies, but lack of engagement in policy implementation by the GoM and towards enhancing commercial ICS market conditions.\nAfter achieving the 2m ICS goals by 2020, the government needs new targets to keep the issue high on the agenda.\nB. ICS usage and promotion are multidimensional and multisectoral issues that are often not sufficiently mainstreamed. 2. The ISO standards framework need the relevant parts to Malawi to be transferred into the national context to make them applicable for CLEANER cooking\n3. Even in commercial or institutional settings 3-stone-fires are still the baseline in most cases. Malawi lacks suitable solutions for ICS for Productive Use of Energy (PUE). For the ones emerging for PUE and still under development (like Chitofu 3in1 for fish processing since 2020), business models need to be developed and promoted.\nThe economic situation of the population in the rural areas remains tense as well as the price sensitivity high. Free collected firewood continues hindering uptake of ICS technology in rural areas. Further non-existing enforcement of the policies to ban illegal charcoal production and firewood collection.\nThe NGO dominance in CM value chain organization will remain if NGO continue being the main project partners for commercialization and if no new incentives are created for independent actors entering the market and building up independent value chains.\nAvailability of next step ICS solutions remains to be very limited.\nFinancial barriers and lack for innovation will further prevail SMEs and SI to invest and adopt new ICS technologies.\nThe economic situation of the population in the rural areas remains tense as well as the price sensitivity high. Free collected firewood continues hindering uptake of ICS technology in rural areas. Further non-existing enforcement of the policies to ban illegal charcoal production and firewood collection.']","The main barriers to ICS uptake in Malawi include lack of engagement in policy implementation by the GoM, insufficient mainstreaming of ICS usage and promotion, absence of suitable solutions for Productive Use of Energy (PUE), limited availability of next-step ICS solutions, high price sensitivity and tense economic conditions in rural areas, continued reliance on free collected firewood, non-enforcement of policies banning illegal charcoal production and firewood collection, NGO dominance in the value chain, and financial barriers with lack of innovation preventing SMEs and SI from investing in new ICS technologies.",Solar Energy Technician,MISSPELLED,MEDIUM,single_hop_specific_query_synthesizer +how much money did dgis give in total by 2025 and why is multi-annual indicative programming 2023-2025 important for the progress report 2025 when looking at income by donor in eur,"['<1-hop>\n\n# Multi-annual indicative Programming 2023-2025\n## Programming budget until 12/2024 in million EUR\n4 Minor rounding differences might be possible that result in neglectable inconsistencies in cross sums.\n5 Due to exchange rate fluctuations of contributions in foreign currencies (CHF, USD), EUR 0.052 million are reserved for exchange rate fluctuations. Furthermore, the commission value for the FCDO (RBF) contribution must be reduced by EUR 8.161 million (unused funds) resulting in available funds of EUR 518.415 million instead of the commissioned funds of EUR 526.524 million.\n6 DGIS is expected to provide funds of EUR 62 million. Since part of these funds are reserved for the year 2026 (EUR 7.6 million for core-funding and EUR 12.0 million for performance-based top-ups), only the share until 12/2025 (EUR 42.4 million) is shown here.\nMulti-annual indicative programming 2023-2025\n30', '<2-hop>\n\n# Progress Report 2025\n## 4.3 Expenditures and income by donor\nTable 4-4 Expenditures by donor (in EUR)\nBMZ, 2009 - 2022 = 130,386,874. BMZ, 2023 = 7,064,098. BMZ, 2024 = 11,829,344. BMZ, 2025 = 5,260,931. BMZ, Total = 154,541,247. SDC, 2009 - 2022 = 16,660,392. SDC, 2023 = 4,743,861. SDC, 2024 = 1,804,351. SDC, 2025 = 14,794. SDC, Total = 23,223,398. DFAT, 2009 - 2022 = 15,858,077. DFAT, 2023 = 0. DFAT, 2024 = 0. DFAT, 2025 = 0. DFAT, Total = 15,858,077. DGIS, 2009 - 2022 = 119,408,096. DGIS, 2023 = 14,633,219. DGIS, 2024 = 10,864,376. DGIS, 2025 = 37,729,390. DGIS, Total = 182,635,081. FCDO RBF, 2009 - 2022 = 42,710,025. FCDO RBF, 2023 = -41,346. FCDO RBF, 2024 = 229. FCDO RBF, 2025 = -282,610. FCDO RBF, Total = 42,386,297. Norad (MFA), 2009 - 2022 = 52,395,881. Norad (MFA), 2023 = -135,676. Norad (MFA), 2024 = 7,378,133. Norad (MFA), 2025 = 247,000. Norad (MFA), Total = 59,885,339. Sida, 2009 - 2022 = 12,864,310. Sida, 2023 = -22,403. Sida, 2024 = 0. Sida, 2025 = 0. Sida, Total = 12,841,907. EU, 2009 - 2022 = 16,558,668. EU, 2023 = 4,689,403. EU, 2024 =', '<3-hop>\n\n# Progress Report 2024\n## 4.3 Expenditures and income by donor\nTable 4-5 Income by donor (in EUR)\nBMZ, 2009 - 2021 = 111,071,817. BMZ, 2022 = 19,315,057. BMZ, 2023 = 7,064,098. BMZ, 2024 = 11,829,344. BMZ, Total = 149,280,316. SDC, 2009 - 2021 = 16,755,426. SDC, 2022 = 1,976,871. SDC, 2023 = 2,099,958. SDC, 2024 = 2,091,968. SDC, Total = 22,924,222. DFAT, 2009 - 2021 = 15,858,077. DFAT, 2022 = 0. DFAT, 2023 = 0. DFAT, 2024 = 0. DFAT, Total = 15,858,077. DGIS, 2009 - 2021 = 114,658,737. DGIS, 2022 = 9,000,000. DGIS, 2023 = 25,000,000. DGIS, 2024 = 25,750,000. DGIS, Total = 174,408,737. FCDO RBF, 2009 - 2021 = 43,026,004. FCDO RBF, 2022 = -971,025. FCDO RBF, 2023 = 0. FCDO RBF, 2024 = 0. FCDO RBF, Total = 42,054,979. Norad (MFA), 2009 - 2021 = 47,333,269. Norad (MFA), 2022 = 4,866,038. Norad (MFA), 2023 = 8,494,372. Norad (MFA), 2024 = 2,342,744. Norad (MFA), Total = 63,036,423. Sida, 2009 - 2021 = 12,774,794. Sida, 2022 = 0. Sida, 2023 = 0. Sida, 2024 = 0. Sida, Total = 12,774,794. EU, 2009 - 2021 = 14,380,875. EU, 2022 = 6,504,281. EU, 2023 = 4,493,623. EU, 2024 =']","DGIS contributed a total of EUR 182,635,081 by 2025, which includes EUR 119,408,096 from 2009-2022, EUR 14,633,219 in 2023, EUR 10,864,376 in 2024, and EUR 37,729,390 in 2025 as shown in the Progress Report 2025. The Multi-annual Indicative Programming 2023-2025 is important because it outlines the planned funding availability, such as DGIS's expected contribution of EUR 62 million, of which EUR 42.4 million is allocated until 12/2025 and included in the programming budget. This aligns with the Progress Report 2025's tracking of income by donor in EUR, ensuring transparency and consistency in reporting donor contributions over time.",,,,multi_hop_abstract_query_synthesizer +what the original targets for cooking/thermal energy for households in the multi-annual indicative programming 2023-2025 timeframe 07/2023 - 12/2025,"[""<1-hop>\n\n# Update of the Multi-Annual Indicative Programming 2023-2025\n## Table 3 Original targets as per country's 2023-25 programming proposal\nTable 4\nOutcomes, 1 = Original targets 07/2023 - 12/2025. Outcomes, 2 = Of which HTC. Outcomes, 3 = Of which LNOB. Cooking / thermal energy for households, 1 = 486,009 people. Cooking / thermal energy for households, 2 = 6,489. Cooking / thermal energy for households, 3 = 389,565. Electricity and/or cooking / thermal energy for social infrastructure, 1 = 1 SI. Electricity and/or cooking / thermal energy for social infrastructure, 2 = 0. Electricity and/or cooking / thermal energy for social infrastructure, 3 = 0. Electricity and/or cooking / thermal energy for productive use / income generation, 1 = 23 MSMEs. Electricity and/or cooking / thermal energy for productive use / income generation, 2 = 0. Electricity and/or cooking / thermal energy for productive use / income generation, 3 = 0"", '<2-hop>\n\n# Multi-annual indicative Programming 2023-2025\n## Cooking sector: Component 2.1 - Table 3\nAdditional quantitativ e indicators, 1 = Additional 07/2023 - 12/2025. Additional quantitativ e indicators, 2 = Of which HTC. Additional quantitativ e indicators, 3 = Of which LNOB+. Additional quantitativ e indicators, 4 = Total by 12/2025. Additional employmen t:, 1 = 50. Additional employmen t:, 2 = 0. Additional employmen t:, 3 = 10. Additional employmen t:, 4 = n/A', '<3-hop>\n\n# Update of the Multi-Annual Indicative Programming 2023-2025\n## Original and additional targets\nTable 4\nOutcomes, 1 = Original targets 07/2023 - 12/2025. Outcomes, 2 = Of which HTC. Outcomes, 3 = Of which LNOB. Cooking / thermal energy for households, 1 = 240,510 people. Cooking / thermal energy for households, 2 = 12,600. Cooking / thermal energy for households, 3 = 77,248. Electricity and/or cooking / thermal energy for social infrastructure, 1 = 140 SIs. Electricity and/or cooking / thermal energy for social infrastructure, 2 = 0. Electricity and/or cooking / thermal energy for social infrastructure, 3 = 0. Electricity and/or cooking / thermal energy for productive use / income generation, 1 = 846 MSMEs. Electricity and/or cooking / thermal energy for productive use / income generation, 2 = 450. Electricity and/or cooking / thermal energy for productive use / income generation, 3 = 0']","The original targets for cooking/thermal energy for households in the Multi-Annual Indicative Programming 2023-2025, for the timeframe 07/2023 - 12/2025, were 486,009 people as per the country's 2023-25 programming proposal in Table 3 of the <1-hop> context.",,,,multi_hop_abstract_query_synthesizer +"How does EnDev's proxy-indicator approach determine the overall ranking for Dilution and Extraction, and what role do indicator thresholds play in this assessment?","[""<1-hop>\n\n# EnDev’s proxy-indicator approach for assessing the quality of a Cooking Energy System\n## Overall ranking of Contact time\n\uf0b7 The CES level for secondary exposure is determined by the rounded average level of the two proxy-indicators.\n\uf0b7 Secondary exposure is far less important for the contact time compared to the time the cook spends in the kitchen. Therefore, the overall result for 'contact time' is taken from the 'time spent in kitchen'.\n\uf0b7 If the 'secondary exposure' is ranked at lower than the 'time spent in the kitchen', the level for the overall ranking of 'contact time' is reduced by one level."", '<2-hop>\n\n# EnDev’s proxy-indicator approach for assessing the quality of a Cooking Energy System\n## Dilution\n, = . , = 5. , = 13-11. 4, = . 4, = . 4, = 8-10. 3, = >20. 3, = 3. 3, = 6-7. 2, = >10. 2, = 2. 2, = 4-5. 1, = >5. 1, = 1. 1, = 2-3. 0, = <=5. 0, = 0. 0, = 0-1', '<3-hop>\n\n# EnDev’s proxy-indicator approach for assessing the quality of a Cooking Energy System\n## Overall ranking for Dilution and Extraction\n34\nThe average level for dilution and air exchange is rounded down to the level of the air exchange, as this is the more dominant factor of the kitchen concentration. For better illustration, EnDev applied the concept on three examples:']","EnDev's proxy-indicator approach determines the overall ranking for Dilution and Extraction by calculating the average level of dilution and air exchange, which is then rounded down to the level of air exchange because it is the more dominant factor influencing kitchen concentration. Indicator thresholds are used to define specific levels for dilution, where each threshold corresponds to a particular level (e.g., >20 = 3, 6-7 = 2, 2-3 = 0), and these levels contribute to the overall assessment of the cooking energy system's quality.",,,,multi_hop_abstract_query_synthesizer +"How does EnDev's proxy-indicator approach contribute to the quality assessment of a Cooking Energy System, particularly in relation to safety and fuel collection metrics?","['<1-hop>\n\n# EnDev’s proxy-indicator approach for assessing the quality of a Cooking Energy System\n## Medium and large households\n\uf0b7 If fuel collection times are different between seasons, assess the collection time of both seasons. Take the value of the longer season. If the shorter season is > 3 months, modify the value of the longer season 1 up or 1 down in the direction of the level of the shorter season; Example:\nDry season affordability level 2, 60% of the time\nRainy season affordability level 4, 40% of the time\nReported: affordability level 3\n\uf0b7 If dung is collected from the fields to be fed into the biogas digester, it also has to be prepared before being filled in. Only the time of collection is considered here, not the preparation time;\n\uf0b7 The different quality of wood or charcoal and their impact on the affordability of fuel access will not be considered (too detailed);\n\uf0b7 If collection is partially done during field work trips and partially done with specific trips, calculate the person-half-days of both shares of the collection approaches and add them up. Example:\n1. collection during field work trips: 10 HD/month\n2. collection on specific collection trips: 20 HD/month\n3. Total: 30 HD per month invested into collection of firewood', '<2-hop>\n\n# EnDev’s proxy-indicator approach for assessing the quality of a Cooking Energy System\n## Dilution\n, = . , = 5. , = 13-11. 4, = . 4, = . 4, = 8-10. 3, = >20. 3, = 3. 3, = 6-7. 2, = >10. 2, = 2. 2, = 4-5. 1, = >5. 1, = 1. 1, = 2-3. 0, = <=5. 0, = 0. 0, = 0-1', '<3-hop>\n\n# EnDev’s proxy-indicator approach for assessing the quality of a Cooking Energy System\n## Safety ranking of LPG (temporarily)\nIf reports about accidents with the above technology in intervention zone\nLevel 5\nLevel 3\nLevel 0\nabout accidents in the intervention zone, the safety level of LPG in these bottles is reduced to level 3.\n51']","EnDev's proxy-indicator approach contributes to the quality assessment of a Cooking Energy System by systematically evaluating key factors such as fuel collection time and safety. For fuel collection, the approach specifies rules for measuring time across seasons, adjusting values based on duration and combining collection efforts from field work and specific trips into person-half-days. It also clarifies that only collection time—not preparation time—is considered, and it excludes variations in fuel quality to maintain simplicity. Regarding safety, the approach includes a temporary ranking for LPG, where reported accidents in the intervention zone reduce the safety level from level 5 to level 3, thus adjusting the overall quality assessment. These structured metrics enable a standardized proxy-based evaluation of energy system quality.",,,,multi_hop_abstract_query_synthesizer +how dey use renewable energy innovations for productive use of electricity and circular economy?,"[""<1-hop>\n\n# Multi-annual indicative Programming 2023-2025\n## Country context\nb) Mainstreaming: EnDev SN has been convincing stakeholders to use their own funds for the scaling of EnDev's Renewable Energy innovations (examples: the first mini-grid design was replicated about 700 times by other donors, the new mini-grid design is already the template for 133 new mini-grids financed by the Islamic Development Bank).\nITAC advised EnDev SN that it needs to improve on results. This is true when focussing exclusively on activities financed by EnDev core funding. However, this is not a sign of poor performance, but the consequence of the incubator role of EnDev. For fast transformation, proven EnDev-innovations are scaled with complementary funding or by parallel programs. EnDev SN has large results in the sector, but too little attribution of these results to EnDev core funding.\nThe problems and barriers of 'access to modern energy products and services in Senegal' differ strongly between the different sub-sectors (cooking, rural electrification), sub-sub sectors (e.g., rural electrification for households, rural electrification for productive uses and social infrastructure) and the subsequent technologies (e.g., grid,\nAnnex A, Multi-annual indicative programming 2023-2025 (jump to Contents)\n366"", ""<2-hop>\n\n# Progress Report 2021\n## 57 tons of lead-acid batteries recycled\nLead-acid batteries are often used in off-grid electrification. If not disposed of correctly, these batteries can pose a significant risk to the environment and human health. In Senegal, EnDev is committed to supporting the development of the national solar waste management sector. For this purpose, EnDev - in partnership with GIZ's Sustainable Energy Programme (PED) - has developed a waste management strategy and is working with local partners to implement it. In addition, EnDev is supporting the Senegalese Agency for Rural Electrification (ASER) in the implementation of recycling activities. By the end of 2021, more than 57 tons of used lead batteries from the solar sector could be collected and recycled in accordance with relevant standards. The recovered lead is being used to produce new batteries for solar applications, thus contributing to a circular economy."", '<3-hop>\n\n# 13 Years of Impact in Ghana\n## 4.2.2 Key Achievements\nIn the short term, EnDev was able to promote productive us of electricity among smallholder farms as well as broaden electrification to agricultural communities not yet on the grid. Intermediate impact was seen through the improvement of water supply for irrigation and the reduction of labour hours, and thereby operational costs, required to irrigate farms. In the long term, beneficiary farmers are now able to grow multiple crops, with an average of five crops that can be harvested more frequently with improved irrigation practises. Improved farm outputs have also led to improved livelihoods and poverty reduction of smallholder farms.']","Renewable energy innovations have been applied to support the productive use of electricity, such as enabling smallholder farms to improve irrigation, reduce labor hours, and grow multiple crops, leading to better livelihoods. At the same time, these innovations contribute to the circular economy by recycling used lead-acid batteries from the solar sector; for example, over 57 tons were collected and recycled in Senegal by 2021, with the recovered lead being used to produce new batteries for solar applications.",,,,multi_hop_abstract_query_synthesizer +how does rural electrification with off-grid power supply help social development when u look at the mini grids and battery charging and also the quality of life improvements like lighting and fan and tv for the households?,"[""<1-hop>\n\n# Programming Report 2021 Update\n## Demand oriented integral electrification\nInformation about the current state of electrification and needs for development have already been obtained and shared when occasions for investments arrived. In exchange with the national directory, the strategy is elaborated at present - for them to follow up upon it as part of a pilot and way to attract (more) investors. Collaboration takes place with the national energy directory, covering the national utility, AMADER in charge of rural electrification, as well as AER in charge of few donor-programs for solar and mini grids.\nPlanned activities executed by EnDev consist of:\nStrategy paper on integral electrification discussed with national directory, cercle, local communes, private sector to reach appropriation of approach while including lessons learned thus far. Another strategy paper is prepared at EnDev headquarters;\nCo-investment in village-grid allowing to connect villages (on grid/mini grid). Two villages with direct funding of EnDev will be finalised by May 2021 (ownership commune with delegated operation for 15yrs), nine other mini grids to follow (with AER and contract of AMADER). Two pilot developed with Flexgrids to serve villages not immediately apt for mini grids (too small). The latter with a mini grid company, extending its technical service and enabling evaluation of approaches;\nLease-purchase for productive use (50 PU realised in first year) with revolving communal funds (established by EnDev and commune) to reach smaller villages. Trained operators selected by communes correctly install and maintain installations. Lobbying for private sector pay&go ongoing;\nQuality SHS and pico PV: sensibilisation campaigns and active stimulation with local sales points of private operators. Including lessons learned with 'solar libraries' AMADER; Energy efficiency: sensibilisation part of all activities;\nAnnex A, Programming Report 2021 Update\n293"", '<2-hop>\n\n# Programming Report 2021 Update\n## efficient devices and practices. The relationship with the service provider is improved .\n· The following outputs on the supply side are contributing to this outcome: (1) Capacities of ERIL operators to effectively manage the off-grid power supply infrastructure is increasing over time; (2) Increased liquidity of ERIL operators for investments; (3) The village-based caretakers are increasingly improving the effectiveness of their mini-grid management; (4) ASER and the ERIL operators develop an effective management system for the mini-grids.\n· The following outputs on the demand side are contributing to this outcome: (1) Clients of mini-grid electricity are increasingly satisfied with improving service quality; (2) Pilots successfully demonstrate that SI can generate sufficient income to pay for electricity fees; (3) Pilot communities successfully test approaches to generate funds for financing fees for street lighting.\n· The following outputs on the enabling environment are contributing to this outcome: (1) Coordination amongst stakeholders in expansion planning of the national grid and off-grid electrification is improved. All stakeholders use the same reference system and keep data up to date; (2) Government actors and donor groups are actively working towards introduction of SENELEC tariffs for mini-grid clients; (3) It is unavoidable that mini-grids will be connected to the national grid. This will bring higher tier access to the clients. However, confidence of operators is built on predictability and a smooth facilitation of the transition (25 EnDev-supported mini-grids will be connected by SENELEC to the national grid with support of EnDev).\nc) The new operation model supported by digital formats is reducing the role of onsite visits in addressing larger technical problems, which are detected faster based on remote data management of the systems. The maintenance is more\nAnnex A, Programming Report 2021 Update\n410', '<3-hop>\n\n# Programming Report 2021 Update\n## Electricity sector\ngeneration).Assumptions BREB is successfully managing growing shares of distributed generation in the rural distribution network Solar irrigation pumps. = Reduced tariff for battery charging stations and increased battery life-time provide incentive to private sector to comply with technical standards. [Outputs and results, Theory of Change Electricity EnDev Bangladesh Energising Lives Social development Improved energy services information (ICT) , entertainment (TV, music) , comfort (fan), quality lighting for studying, househok chores, micro-economic activities ,.Househokds can afford the purchase of electric appliances.Househokds can afford the purchase of electric appliances = 100% electricity access is expected be reached soon in 2021. [Outputs and results, Theory of Change Electricity EnDev Bangladesh Energising Lives Social development Improved energy services information (ICT) , entertainment (TV, music) , comfort (fan), quality lighting for studying, househok chores, micro-economic activities ,.Assumptions BREB is successfully managing growing shares of distributed generation in the rural distribution network Solar irrigation pumps.Powverdistribution = Increased stability and reliability of the rural distribution network. [Outputs and results, Energising Opportunities Economic development Increased rural economic activty, increased viabilty 0f battery charging business case increased penetration of e-mobility into rural areas.Assumptions BREB is successfully managing growing shares of distributed generation in the rural distribution network Solar irrigation pumps. = Demonstrate technical feasibility of feed-in of small solar power. [Outputs and results, Energising Climate - Combating climate change Reduced GHG emissions (replacing 95% fossil grid power with clean solar PV generation).Assumptions BREB is successfully managing growing shares of distributed generation in the rural distribution network Solar irrigation pumps. = Demonstrated business case for solar battery charging for']","Rural electrification through off-grid power supply contributes to social development by expanding access to reliable electricity via mini-grids and battery charging stations, which are managed by trained operators and supported by communal funds. These systems enable households to afford electric appliances and benefit from improved energy services, including quality lighting for studying and household chores, comfort from fans, and access to information and entertainment through TV and music. The increased stability and reliability of the rural distribution network, along with initiatives like solar battery charging and lease-purchase models for productive use, enhance economic activities and improve service quality. As a result, communities experience better living conditions, which supports broader social development, with 100% electricity access expected to be achieved soon.",,,,multi_hop_abstract_query_synthesizer +"How did the impact of COVID-19 and the focus on awareness and promotion campaigns influence EnDev Ethiopia's strategies in 2021, particularly in relation to policy changes?","['<1-hop>\n\n# Annual Planning 2021\n## Impact of COVID-19\nThe COVID-19 pandemic has caused a significant negative impact on the implementation and the energy market in general. EnDev Ethiopia has developed a fast tracked COVID-19 impact response measures to provide with conditional grant and market stimulation consumer prices subsidy package of 2.3 million Euro to support its small and micro partner enterprises which constitute more than 70% of the quality products and services in the market.\nAnnual Planning 2021 ANNEX\n56', '<2-hop>\n\n# Programming Report 2021 Update\n## Description of expected results of the project in terms of outcomes\nGiven the emphasis on support for policy changes, regulatory reforms, capacity building across the board, which will have impacts on the market beyond what EnDev Ethiopia measures from its direct interventions in the market, we are in the process of developing a\nAnnex A, Programming Report 2021 Update\n173\nmonitoring and evaluation mechanism to estimate the impacts of our intervention in the realm of enabling environment and how much of it can be attributed to EnDev in quantitative terms.', ""<3-hop>\n\n# Annual Planning 2021\n## Consideration of ITAC recommendation\nConsolidation of core activities and integration into public programmes: Key strategic ambition of EnDev. Good progress has been made with restructuring of project operations and identifying partnerships to amplify development effects.\nEngagement of Government of Ethiopia for sustainability of longer-term market building efforts: The government is the main implementation partner for EnDev at federal and sub-national levels. Engagement and capacity building of the government partner is central to every activity of EnDev.\nExpertise to implement focus on policy & advocacy: Organisational restructuring process is ongoing, adding policy experts to EnDev team.\nBattery recycling: The project is in contact with WB Ci-Dev about potential collaboration/cofinancing; country-level experiences/studies will be shared; alignment with international protocols/practices is pursued.\nFinancial systems development: Scope of component is currently identified by a deep-dive study and identification of initial activities. Collaboration with GIZ global program 'Financial Systems Development (FSD)' has started. Specialized staff/experienced financial firm currently being recruited.\nAwareness and promotion campaigns: Extensive campaigns in cooking sector continue in current programming phase .\nQuality of response to ITAC recommendations (on a scala from low-medium-high): low\nAnnual Planning 2021 ANNEX\n53""]","The impact of COVID-19 caused a significant negative effect on the energy market, prompting EnDev Ethiopia to implement fast-tracked response measures, including a 2.3 million Euro grant and subsidy package to support small and micro enterprises. Concurrently, EnDev emphasized policy changes and regulatory reforms, which required the development of a monitoring and evaluation mechanism to assess their broader market impact. Additionally, awareness and promotion campaigns were actively continued, particularly in the cooking sector, as part of ongoing programming. These efforts, combined with organizational restructuring to include policy experts, reflect a strategic shift to strengthen the enabling environment amid challenges posed by the pandemic.",,,,multi_hop_abstract_query_synthesizer +how come the proxy-indicator approach used by endev for assessing cooking energy systems do relate to the iso tc 285 voluntary performance targets when it comes to safety of stove use even though the grading is different and they using something called virtual safety test for biomass cookstoves that never been tested?,"['<1-hop>\n\n# EnDev’s proxy-indicator approach for assessing the quality of a Cooking Energy System\n## Medium and large households\n\uf0b7 If fuel collection times are different between seasons, assess the collection time of both seasons. Take the value of the longer season. If the shorter season is > 3 months, modify the value of the longer season 1 up or 1 down in the direction of the level of the shorter season; Example:\nDry season affordability level 2, 60% of the time\nRainy season affordability level 4, 40% of the time\nReported: affordability level 3\n\uf0b7 If dung is collected from the fields to be fed into the biogas digester, it also has to be prepared before being filled in. Only the time of collection is considered here, not the preparation time;\n\uf0b7 The different quality of wood or charcoal and their impact on the affordability of fuel access will not be considered (too detailed);\n\uf0b7 If collection is partially done during field work trips and partially done with specific trips, calculate the person-half-days of both shares of the collection approaches and add them up. Example:\n1. collection during field work trips: 10 HD/month\n2. collection on specific collection trips: 20 HD/month\n3. Total: 30 HD per month invested into collection of firewood', ""<2-hop>\n\n# EnDev’s proxy-indicator approach for assessing the quality of a Cooking Energy System\n## F.4 Safety of stove use\nSafety grading has so far not been done for all stove and fuel systems.\nEnDev applies the GACC safety test for all promoted biomass cookstoves. However, the evaluation of the result differs from the tiers of the GACC system. In line with the ISO TC 285 Voluntary Performance Targets (to be published in the near future), EnDev distinguishes between six levels (level 0 to 5) with a more evenly distribution of the points regarding the levels 1-4.\nGrading of safety test results\nSafety also has a cultural dimension. Some technologies may appear safe from a researcher's perspective, but households experience burns or cuts in their day-to-day life. However, the contrary may also be the case. EnDev will develop the methodology for the assessment of this dimension in the near future.\nThere are also a number of biomass cookstoves from other sources in the field, which no one ever tested for safety. For this purpose, EnDev developed a 'virtual safety test' as a proxy indicator (see below). It shall not replace the official safety test, but act as an onsite help for the enumerators.\nThe basis is the concept of the GACC safety test and its dimensions:\n1. Sharp edges and points\n2. Cookstove tipping\n45\n3. Containment of fuel\n4. Obstructions near cooking surface\n5. Surface temperature\n6. Heat transfer to the environment\n7. Handle Temperature\n8. Chimney shielding\n9. Flames surrounding cookpot\n10. Flames exiting fuel chamber, canister, or pipes\nAs in the GACC safety test, all 10 dimensions are assessed (ranking 1-4), processed with the respective weighting factor and become part of the overall sum of the total safety score. The only difference is the methodology used to determine the ranking 1-4."", '<3-hop>\n\n# EnDev’s proxy-indicator approach for assessing the quality of a Cooking Energy System\n## Safety ranking of LPG (temporarily)\nIf reports about accidents with the above technology in intervention zone\nLevel 5\nLevel 3\nLevel 0\nabout accidents in the intervention zone, the safety level of LPG in these bottles is reduced to level 3.\n51']","EnDev's proxy-indicator approach for assessing the quality of a Cooking Energy System relates to the ISO TC 285 Voluntary Performance Targets in that it adopts a similar framework for evaluating safety, particularly by distinguishing between six safety levels (0 to 5) with a more even distribution of points across levels 1-4, aligning with the upcoming ISO TC 285 standards. However, EnDev's methodology differs in its application, especially for biomass cookstoves that have not been officially tested. In such cases, EnDev developed a 'virtual safety test' as a proxy indicator based on the GACC safety test dimensions—such as sharp edges, stove tipping, fuel containment, and surface temperature—each ranked 1-4 and weighted to form a total safety score. While this virtual test does not replace official testing, it serves as an on-site tool for enumerators. Additionally, for LPG, safety levels are adjusted based on reported accidents in the intervention zone, such as reducing from level 5 to level 3 if incidents are reported, showing how real-world data influences the proxy-indicator approach in line with practical safety performance.",,,,multi_hop_abstract_query_synthesizer +How did the RBF approach in the RBF project contribute to the EnDev contribution in the improved cookstove market in Peru?,"['<1-hop>\n\n# Giving RBF a voice\n## Pioneer Expansion:\n› Incentives for smallscale production\n› Incentives for the sale of PICS\nready to be used. Today, José highlights the role that the state and development projects played in increasing the visibility of the products and creating a sustainable market. His business is thriving, and he has started exporting to Bolivia and Colombia.\nIn addition to José, the RBF project supported five other manufacturers and seven distribution companies in Peru. Manufacturers were invited to visit leading cookstove production companies in Peru, Brazil, Honduras, Mexico and Portugal to gain knowledge and share know-how. With technical support, they developed and marketed six types of portable cookstoves. Ten portable cookstove models are now available in Peru, including four additional models that emerged in the market during the commercialisation phase without direct project support. This product portfolio now serves the different customer segments and needs.\n2.2\nSecond Tranche (2014)\n81\nPeru Improved cooking\nemission reductions of\nof CO 2 e 6,900 t\n17,400\nportable stoves were sold to social institutions\n82', ""<2-hop>\n\n# Summary of Phase-out country study\n## Supply-side observations\nThe RBF approach resulted in reduced technology costs. It also decreased logistical and quality barriers by supporting a wider range of products.\nIn the ICS market, EnDev Peru introduced new types of portable stoves. The stoves were distributed through a commercial market supported by 2 RBF facilities, FIDECOP and FASERT. These facilities helped develop the market for\nEnDev contracted Edburgh consultants and Danish Energy Management to conduct an independent ex-post evaluation of EnDev Peru. The main evaluation questions were:\n1) What influence did EnDev's intervention have on sector development?\n2) To what extent are local institutions ready (and have the capacity) to take over and contribute to developing a sustainable energy market?\n3) What are the lessons learnt?\nEx-post evaluations are carried out at least 2 years after a project has been phased out. This desk-based evaluation was carried out between November 2021 and March 2022. The evaluation is based on an analysis of 70 relevant reports, studies, NDC documents, and 16 interviews with important stakeholders. The report is based on absolute numbers of sales on country level. On global level, EnDev applies so called monitoring factors for attribution, additionally and sustainability and reports in adjusted numbers of people reached.\nEnDev Peru\nProject period\n2009 - 2019\nBudget\nEUR 17,257,000\nProject results:\n· Facilitated sales of ICS for 365,000 households and electricity connections for 141,500 households.\n· Introduced new types of portable stoves through 2 RBF facilities.\n· Established technical standards for ICS and pico-PV products.\nICS by connecting value chain actors (importers, manufacturers, wholesalers, and retailers) and supporting after-sales services. FASERT and FIDECOP provided local SMEs with access to credits to cover the risks and costs associated with introducing new technologies in the market."", '<3-hop>\n\n# Programming Report 2021 Update\n## Leverage\nEnDev will continue contributing to the establishment of more favourable conditions for new producers and distributors investing in ICSs business. EnDev contribution will be realized by supporting existing and new producers and distributors in providing a quality local ICSs and higher tiers ICSs offer, through wider distribution channels, effective models and instruments of awareness creation, behavioural change initiatives, and marketing leverage management, but also by disseminating market intelligence and valuable proof of concept. Moreover, through awareness raising and behaviour change campaigns, consumers will be driven to demand higher tier ICSs or modern and cleaner cooking solutions that will also be piloted.']","The RBF approach in the RBF project contributed to the EnDev contribution by reducing technology costs and decreasing logistical and quality barriers through support for a wider range of products. It enabled the introduction of new types of portable cookstoves in Peru via two RBF facilities, FIDECOP and FASERT, which supported local SMEs with access to credits to manage risks and costs associated with market entry. This market development effort, combined with technical support and knowledge exchange, expanded the product portfolio and strengthened the value chain by connecting manufacturers, distributors, and retailers. EnDev's broader contribution included facilitating sales of improved cookstoves (ICS) to 365,000 households, establishing technical standards, and promoting sustainable market conditions, aligning with the long-term goals of the RBF project.",,,,multi_hop_abstract_query_synthesizer +how multi-annual indicative programming and programming report 2022 relate to progress report 2024?,"['<1-hop>\n\n# Multi-annual indicative Programming 2023-2025\n## Projections for energy access for households\nAfter winding down activities in Latin America in the course of 2024, EnDev will continue with a portfolio across two continents (Africa and Asia). Most of the results will be realised in sub-Saharan Africa (58% in East Africa, 16% in West Africa), while the\ncontribution in Asia will be slightly higher than in Latin America.\nFigure 2-4 provides a detailed overview about the projected distribution of results by region.', '<2-hop>\n\n# Programming Report 2022\n## Results and projected number of social infrastructure- EnDev 1+2\nFigure 2-8 Projected results for social infrastructure: geographic and technology distribution -\nRegionally, the largest contribution to SI target achievement will still be in Latin America with 52% and a total 17,800 SIs (Figure 2-8). Africa is expected to contribute 37% (in total 13,000 SIs), while the share of SIs in Asia is 11% (in total 3,800 SIs).\nThe target achievement for SIs shows a positive development, but only with moderate changes. This is because MSMEs have been given a higher strategic priority, which is also reflected well in the programming.\nProgramming Report 2022\n15\nEnDev 1+2', ""<3-hop>\n\n# Progress Report 2024\n## 4.2 Funds\nNote: Differences due to rounding are possible.\nFigure 4-1 Funds by donor (in million EUR)\nProgress Report 2024\n30\nIn 2024, EnDev's geographic focus continued shifting towards sub-Saharan Africa, as highlighted in chapter 2. This trend is also evident when looking at the funding by region, where sub-Saharan Africa 's share of funds is 74% (54% in East-Africa and 20% in West Africa), see Figure 4-2.""]","The Multi-annual Indicative Programming 2023-2025 projects a continued shift of EnDev's activities towards sub-Saharan Africa, with 58% in East Africa and 16% in West Africa, while reducing presence in Latin America. This aligns with the Programming Report 2022, which already showed a strong regional focus on Latin America (52%) and Africa (37%) for social infrastructure results, but indicated a strategic shift due to increased priority on MSMEs. The Progress Report 2024 confirms this ongoing geographic realignment, showing that sub-Saharan Africa received 74% of funds in 2024, with 54% in East Africa and 20% in West Africa, reflecting the implementation of the multi-annual programming plans and the continued reduction of activities in Latin America as projected.",,,,multi_hop_abstract_query_synthesizer +What are the planned activities and budget for 2025 under the Multi-Annual Indicative Programming 2023-2025 and how do they align with the Annual Operational Programming 2025?,"['<1-hop>\n\n# Update of the Multi-Annual Indicative Programming 2023-2025\n## Indicative overall budget until 12/2025 in million EUR 5\nTable 3-2\n= 7.500. Expected additional funds, to be secured in short-term, 2025 = . Expected additional funds, to be secured in short-term, Total = 7.500. Funding gap, 12/2023 = . Funding gap, 2024 = . Funding gap, 2025 = . Funding gap, Total = . Required funds (as of 04/2024), 12/2023 = . Required funds (as of 04/2024), 2024 = . Required funds (as of 04/2024), 2025 = . Required funds (as of 04/2024), Total = 7.500. Required funds (if expected funds are commissioned), 12/2023 = . Required funds (if expected funds are commissioned), 2024 = . Required funds (if expected funds are commissioned), 2025 = . Required funds (if expected funds are commissioned), Total = 0.0', '<2-hop>\n\n# Update of the Multi-Annual Indicative Programming 2023-2025\n## 3.2 Planned activities\n(in EUR 1,000).budget 2025 = 539. Laos, new funds = 3,983. Laos, old = 241. Laos, persons) 10.new = 291. Liberia (with Guinea until, Lead political partner. = Liberia: Ministry of Mines and Energy. Liberia (with Guinea until, Project duration.start = 05/12. Liberia (with Guinea until, Project duration.old end = 12/24. Liberia (with Guinea until, Project duration.new end = 12/25. Liberia (with Guinea until, Funding (in EUR 1,000).old funds = 16,052. Liberia (with Guinea until, Funding (in EUR 1,000).top-ups = -. Liberia (with Guinea until, Funding (in EUR 1,000).budget 2025 = 500. Liberia (with Guinea until, new funds = 16,552. Liberia (with Guinea until, old = 34. Liberia (with Guinea until, persons) 10.new = 34\n12/2023)\n10 Indicative target forecasts are not adjusted to the extended project duration. Indicative targets span a time horizon until the end of 2025 and are not broken down to mid-term (12/2024) targets.\nUpdate of MAIP 2023-2025\n11', '<3-hop>\n\n# Annual Operational Programming 2025\n## 3. Planned activities\n(with Guinea until 12/2023), Planned out- comes at HH level (in 1,000 persons) 7,8. = 34\n7 Project durations and planned outcomes at the household level remain unchanged compared to the update of the Multi-Annual Indicative Programming in 2024.\n8\nIndicative targets span a time horizon until the end of 2025.\nAnnual Operational Programming 2025\n6']","The planned activities for 2025 under the Multi-Annual Indicative Programming 2023-2025 include a budget of 500 thousand EUR for Liberia (with Guinea until 12/2023), with new funds totaling 16,552 thousand EUR and targeting 34 thousand persons at the household level. These activities align with the Annual Operational Programming 2025, as project durations and planned outcomes at the household level remain unchanged from the 2024 update of the Multi-Annual Indicative Programming, with indicative targets spanning until the end of 2025.",,,,multi_hop_abstract_query_synthesizer +how project sustainability and financial sustainability related to off-grid power supply when pilot projects fail to plan for long term?,"['<1-hop>\n\n# Tiers, Markets, Sustainability: Trends in Rural Off-Grid Electrification\n## 4.3.1 Financial lessons learnt\nFrom the outset, (pilot) projects ought to be designed for scale , ensuring replicability and commercial viability (even pilot projects!) in the mid- or long-term, which enable their sustained operations particularly when the time comes for equipment replacement needs and donor finance may highly likely no longer be available (e.g. lead acid ba/t_t.ligaery banks and other electronic components in mini-grids must be replaced a/f_t.ligaer 10-15 years while mini-grid projects are designed to operate at least 20 years). The projects must by then have generated enough cashflows to finance such expenditures that ensure project continuity. Further, accessing debt to cover future financial needs necessarily requires for a project to be commercially viable and the implementing company to have a financially sound profile. Pilot projects cannot be said to be commercially viable when the pilot itself is designed at such a small scale that financial sustainability within the pilot cannot be achieved. For nano-grids and mini-grids, this means that projects for implementation in clusters of villages should be preferred to projects in single villages. For picoPV and SHS, pilot projects need to be of a suffi.ligacient scale to justify the administrative costs incurred by companies.', '<2-hop>\n\n# Programming Report 2021 Update\n## efficient devices and practices. The relationship with the service provider is improved .\n· The following outputs on the supply side are contributing to this outcome: (1) Capacities of ERIL operators to effectively manage the off-grid power supply infrastructure is increasing over time; (2) Increased liquidity of ERIL operators for investments; (3) The village-based caretakers are increasingly improving the effectiveness of their mini-grid management; (4) ASER and the ERIL operators develop an effective management system for the mini-grids.\n· The following outputs on the demand side are contributing to this outcome: (1) Clients of mini-grid electricity are increasingly satisfied with improving service quality; (2) Pilots successfully demonstrate that SI can generate sufficient income to pay for electricity fees; (3) Pilot communities successfully test approaches to generate funds for financing fees for street lighting.\n· The following outputs on the enabling environment are contributing to this outcome: (1) Coordination amongst stakeholders in expansion planning of the national grid and off-grid electrification is improved. All stakeholders use the same reference system and keep data up to date; (2) Government actors and donor groups are actively working towards introduction of SENELEC tariffs for mini-grid clients; (3) It is unavoidable that mini-grids will be connected to the national grid. This will bring higher tier access to the clients. However, confidence of operators is built on predictability and a smooth facilitation of the transition (25 EnDev-supported mini-grids will be connected by SENELEC to the national grid with support of EnDev).\nc) The new operation model supported by digital formats is reducing the role of onsite visits in addressing larger technical problems, which are detected faster based on remote data management of the systems. The maintenance is more\nAnnex A, Programming Report 2021 Update\n410', ""<3-hop>\n\n# Programming Report 2021 Update\n## Exist & handover strategy\nThe integral approach to electrification is executed in collaboration with public and private partners. Facilitated installations are transferred to their owners while private partners\nAnnex A, Programming Report 2021 Update\n301\ncontinue the service well after the project has stopped. It has to be noted that the exit-strategy at first mini grid site was not that well designed, mostly as implication of the project in technical set-up has been too high. This is changed in the new pilot for the mini grid for two villages in the commune of SANADO. In this tender the private operator is involved in the design, installation and signed a 15-year contract for operation with the commune at starters.\nThe intervention of sustainable electrification is explicitly included in the exit strategy. Without sustainable systems, calls for help will continue and the project will have difficulty stepping out. Yet all systems are owned by beneficiaries and assistance is followed-up upon by companies and/or trained technicians that are contracted and paid by beneficiaries. The project thereafter only assists in case of problems while irregularly checking the installations' functioning in the field to test its own approach.\nFor e-waste, the private sector, impact-hubs/youngsters and the nation energy directory as well as the agency for renewable energy are implied to assure continuation.\nThe execution of the project in vulnerable setting seeks sustainability with inclusive approaches, replying to electrification-demand of the population and training of local technicians. The context is volatile, and the project prepares extensively and executes quickly to start follow-up; learning/adapting is an important part of the project approach to allow a smooth exit after the project phase.""]","Project sustainability and financial sustainability in off-grid power supply are closely linked, especially when pilot projects fail to plan for the long term. According to the context, pilot projects must be designed for scale to ensure replicability and commercial viability, enabling sustained operations and equipment replacement after 10-15 years, even when donor finance is no longer available. If pilots are too small, they cannot achieve financial sustainability, which undermines project continuity. The <3-hop> context adds that early mini-grid projects had poor exit strategies due to excessive technical involvement, but improvements were made by involving private operators in design and securing 15-year operation contracts, thus enhancing both financial and project sustainability. Without such planning, projects risk ongoing dependency and failure upon exit.",,,,multi_hop_abstract_query_synthesizer +Wat iz the diference bitween the original target for clean cooking in households in the Multi-Annual Indicative Programming 2023-2025 as stated in the country programming proposal and the updated target in the Multi-annual indicative Programming?,"['<1-hop>\n\n# Multi-annual indicative Programming 2023-2025\n## Social development:\nThe project has excellent working relationships MoEM, MoNRE, RIEM, the Lao Women Union and the Lao Youth Union, and will continue working with them to create enabling environment to develop policies and planning to enhance clean cooking on a national scale. Project will work with other organizations to create a national clean cooking forum to provide the opportunity for collaboration and coordination among the like-minded organization working in clean cooking sector.', ""<2-hop>\n\n# Update of the Multi-Annual Indicative Programming 2023-2025\n## Original and additional targets\nTable 3 Original targets as per country's 2023-25 programming proposal\nOutcomes, 1 = Original targets 07/2023 - 12/2025. Outcomes, 2 = Of which HTC. Outcomes, 3 = Of which LNOB. Cooking / thermal energy for households, 1 = 87,124 people. Cooking / thermal energy for households, 2 = 114. Cooking / thermal energy for households, 3 = 69,664. Electricity and/or cooking / thermal energy for productive use / income generation, 1 = 54 MSMEs. Electricity and/or cooking / thermal energy for productive use / income generation, 2 = 0. Electricity and/or cooking / thermal energy for productive use / income generation, 3 = 0"", '<3-hop>\n\n# Update of the Multi-Annual Indicative Programming 2023-2025\n## Original and additional targets\nTable 4\nOutcomes, 1 = Original targets 07/2023 - 12/2025. Outcomes, 2 = Of which HTC. Outcomes, 3 = Of which LNOB. Cooking / thermal energy for households, 1 = 57,078 people. Cooking / thermal energy for households, 2 = 57,078. Cooking / thermal energy for households, 3 = 11,340. Electricity and/or cooking / thermal energy for productive use / income generation, 1 = 18 MSMEs. Electricity and/or cooking / thermal energy for productive use / income generation, 2 = 18. Electricity and/or cooking / thermal energy for productive use / income generation, 3 = 0']","The original target for clean cooking in households, as stated in the country programming proposal in the Multi-Annual Indicative Programming 2023-2025, was 87,124 people. This target was later updated to 57,078 people in the updated Multi-Annual Indicative Programming 2023-2025, reflecting a reduction in the number of people targeted for access to cooking/thermal energy for households.",,,,multi_hop_abstract_query_synthesizer +How do PAYGO payment models and access to finance challenges impact access to energy for micro businesses in Kakuma Refugee Camp?,"['<1-hop>\n\n# Access to Energy for (Micro) Businesses in Kakuma Refugee Camp and Kalobeyei Integrated Settlement\n## 1. Introduction\nThe ongoing scaleup project MBEA II continues to promote solar products and improved stoves for households, and has expanded its focus to encompass solar-powered productive use technologies and improved stoves for businesses and social institutions. This is achieved through support to suppliers and distributors of energy access products and services, including the provision of technical assistance and activity-based financial facilitation to enter the market and to increase sales in the camps and host community.\nBox 1. The Market-Based Energy Access project.\n11', ""<2-hop>\n\n# Access to Energy for (Micro) Businesses in Kakuma Refugee Camp and Kalobeyei Integrated Settlement\n## Recommendations:\n· Conduct supply chain analyses on available solar-powered devices, and support market entry of alternative solar-powered devices for businesses.\nThe availability of suitable alternative solar-powered appliances in the Kakuma or broader Kenyan market needs to be assessed in order to identify potential gaps. Subsequently, efforts need to focus on making these appliances available in the Kakuma market.\n· Determine the business case for alternative solar-powered energy solutions for businesses in order to inform product offering and price.\nTo take advantage of the demand and ability to pay by businesses currently using dieselpowered sources, the business case for solar-powered solutions need to be clarified to determine if and how these products can be marketed as cost-saving, reliable alternatives.\nGiven the high uptake of mobile money systems among businesses in the camp (68%), distributors should explore flexible payment options (such as PAYGO) for their products within the range of the businesses' ability to pay.\n· Create awareness regarding alternative solar-powered products beyond lighting.\nOf the businesses with electricity access, 55% use electricity for lighting and/or phone charging. Sixty-five percent of solar system owners use electricity for lighting and/or powering small appliances. An opportunity exists to create more awareness on alternative uses for electricity for business purposes, and the availability of these products in the market.\n· Promote basic systems to businesses without electricity access.\nBusinesses without electricity access can be brought onto the 'electricity ladder' through basic solar lighting or phone charging devices with PAYGO or alternative payment models.\nThe demand for electricity access (94% of business without electricity access) confirms the opportunity for suppliers of basic solar-powered products who can address the affordability issue by offering their products to businesses with PAYGO or alternative instalment payment models.\n37"", ""<3-hop>\n\n# Promoting Market Based Energy Access for Cooking and Lighting in Kakuma Refugee\n## Access to finance\n· Pay-as-you-go payments for solar products were well accepted by customers due to the relatively high penetration and awareness about Safaricom's mobile money platform (MPESA) in the host community and within the camp. However, a refugee-ID can only subscribe to an MPESA account for a maximum of 3 months. Based on anecdotal evidence from companies, this can make it more difficult for companies to sell their products using mobile money payments. The inability to track customers among refugees also resulted in a high risk of defaulting payments for pay-as-you-go SHS. MPESA registration issues should be addressed to increase the use of pay-as-you-go payment methods.\n· Small businesses selling solar products and cookstoves often lack the capital to purchase sufficient stock up-front. This creates a dependence on companies and suppliers to provide favourable payment terms which increases the risk for those companies to operate in the camp. The potential of microfinance institutions to provide credit to end consumers and stock financing to small businesses should be explored and facilitated.\n· LMEs are typically paid a commission per sale, so they don't earn if no sale is made. This can lead to a lack of due diligence and/or inadequate provision of information on the product or sales terms to the end customers, leading to insufficiently informed customers and defaults. Continuous training should be provided to LMEs to improve their interaction with customers, and commission-based engagements should be reviewed. Additional or alternative incentives might motivate LMEs to apply more due diligence and improved information sharing to end consumers.\n· The lack of purchasing power among refugee households remains a barrier for people with low income levels to access clean energy products. Targeted interventions could increase the uptake of solar and stoves within this group:\n· A longer duration of payment terms leading to smaller monthly repayment rates can make a product more accessible to those with inconsistent sources of income.\n13""]","PAYGO payment models are well accepted in Kakuma Refugee Camp due to the high penetration of mobile money platforms like MPESA, offering a flexible payment option for businesses with limited ability to pay upfront. However, challenges arise because refugee IDs can only subscribe to MPESA accounts for a maximum of three months, making it difficult for companies to track customers and increasing the risk of payment defaults for pay-as-you-go solar products. Additionally, small businesses selling energy products often lack the capital to purchase sufficient stock, creating dependence on suppliers and increasing operational risks. While PAYGO and alternative installment models can address affordability and help bring businesses without electricity access onto the 'electricity ladder', limited access to finance and mobile money restrictions hinder the scalability and sustainability of these solutions. Exploring microfinance institutions for credit and stock financing, along with extending payment terms, could improve access to energy for micro businesses.",,,,multi_hop_abstract_query_synthesizer +why sidama have less cows than other regions even though dairy important?,"[""<1-hop>\n\n# SEFFA Baseline Study and\nMarket\nAssessment\n## 3.1.2 Dairy\nDairy production in Ethiopia is a significant and growing industry, encompassing milk derived from cows, goats and camels. While the relative significance of each animal follows geographical patterns and largely depends on the region, cows are by far the most important animals for dairy production in the target regions of Amhara, Oromia, SNNP and Sidama (see figure 6), jointly representing 86% of the national dairy cow population. Cow milk is, therefore, the logical focus of the analysis in this report, although goat milk is also considered, where relevant. At national level, of Ethiopia's 70-million cattle population, only 11% are dairy cattle, representing a decrease compared to 5 years ago. However, both the dairy cow population and the production of cow milk have been growing in recent years, and the faster growth of the latter indicates productivity improvements.\nSmall cattle holdings represent the majority, with most households own between 1 and 4 cows . The average number of cows per household is slightly lower in Sidama compared to the other target regions, although the difference is not significant. It is also important to note that cow ownership is widespread but not universal, with c.20-25% households reporting that they do not own any cows.""]","In Sidama, the average number of cows per household is slightly lower compared to other target regions such as Amhara, Oromia, and SNNP, although the difference is not significant. Dairy production remains important in the region, and cow ownership is widespread but not universal, with about 20-25% of households not owning any cows. Despite having fewer cows per household, Sidama is still part of the major dairy-producing regions in Ethiopia, which together account for 86% of the national dairy cow population.",,,,multi_hop_specific_query_synthesizer +"What was Sida's total contribution to EnDev 2 according to the BMZ commissioning, and how does it compare to the expenditures reported in the 2025 progress report?","['<1-hop>\n\n# Progress Report 2025\n## 4.3 Expenditures and income by donor\nTable 4-5 Income by donor (in EUR)\nBMZ, 2009 - 2022 = 130,386,874. BMZ, 2023 = 7,064,098. BMZ, 2024 = 11,829,344. BMZ, 2025 = 5,260,931. BMZ, Total = 154,541,247. SDC, 2009 - 2022 = 18,732,296. SDC, 2023 = 2,099,958. SDC, 2024 = 2,091,968. SDC, 2025 = 1,073,766. SDC, Total = 23,997,988. DFAT, 2009 - 2022 = 15,858,077. DFAT, 2023 = 0. DFAT, 2024 = 0. DFAT, 2025 = 0. DFAT, Total = 15,858,077. DGIS, 2009 - 2022 = 123,658,737. DGIS, 2023 = 25,000,000. DGIS, 2024 = 25,750,000. DGIS, 2025 = 31,000,000. DGIS, Total = 205,408,737. FCDO RBF, 2009 - 2022 = 42,054,979. FCDO RBF, 2023 = 0. FCDO RBF, 2024 = 0. FCDO RBF, 2025 = 0. FCDO RBF, Total = 42,054,979. Norad (MFA), 2009 - 2022 = 52,199,308. Norad (MFA), 2023 = 8,494,372. Norad (MFA), 2024 = 2,342,743. Norad (MFA), 2025 = 2,217,210. Norad (MFA), Total = 65,253,633. Sida, 2009 - 2022 = 12,774,794. Sida, 2023 = 0. Sida, 2024 = 0. Sida, 2025 = 0. Sida, Total = 12,774,794. EU, 2009 - 2022 = 20,885,156. EU, 2023 = 4,493,623. EU, 2024 = 8,086,694. EU, 2025 = 2,723,328. EU, Total', '<2-hop>\n\n# Progress Report 2020\n## Funds by donor - EnDev 2 (in EUR)\nTable 6-3 Funds according to BMZ commissioning, available funds, expenditures (in EUR)\nConsultative Group, EnDev 2 funds according BMZ commission a) = . Consultative Group, Available EnDev 2 funds b) = . Consultative Group, Expenditures = . BMZ, EnDev 2 funds according BMZ commission a) = 104,870,220. BMZ, Available EnDev 2 funds b) = 104,870,220. BMZ, Expenditures = 98,773,247. DEZA, EnDev 2 funds according BMZ commission a) = 13,530,000. DEZA, Available EnDev 2 funds b) = 13,979,188. DEZA, Expenditures = 11,390,848. DFAT, EnDev 2 funds according BMZ commission a) = 15,858,077. DFAT, Available EnDev 2 funds b) = 15,858,077. DFAT, Expenditures = 15,858,077. DGIS, EnDev 2 funds according BMZ commission a) = 131,879,138. DGIS, Available EnDev 2 funds b) = 131,879,138. DGIS, Expenditures = 100,944,122. FCDO RBF, EnDev 2 funds according BMZ commission a) = 50,216,000. FCDO RBF, Available EnDev 2 funds b) = 46,928,726. FCDO RBF, Expenditures = 43,145,974. Norad (MFA), EnDev 2 funds according BMZ commission a) = 52,455,404. Norad (MFA), Available EnDev 2 funds b) = 52,250,277. Norad (MFA), Expenditures = 43,644,259. SIDA, EnDev 2 funds according BMZ commission a) = 12,774,794. SIDA, Available EnDev 2 funds']","According to the <2-hop> context, Sida's contribution to EnDev 2 according to the BMZ commissioning was 12,774,794 EUR. In the <1-hop> context, Sida's total income contribution from 2009 to 2022 is also reported as 12,774,794 EUR, with no additional contributions from 2023 to 2025. This indicates that Sida's total contribution remained unchanged after 2022 and aligns with the amount committed under EnDev 2.",,,,multi_hop_specific_query_synthesizer +whch cuntry is giz frm?,"['<1-hop>\n\n# Annual Operational Programming 2024\n## Published by:\nDeutsche Gesellschaft für\nInternationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH\nRegistered offices Bonn and Eschborn, Germany\nDag-Hammarskjöld-Weg 1-5 65760 Eschborn, Germany T +49 61 96 79-0 F +49 61 96 79-11 15\nE info@giz.de\nI\nwww.giz.de\nAnnual Operational Programming 2024\n10\nMinistry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands\nSchweizerische Eidgenossenschaft Confederation suisse Confederazione Svizzera Confederaziun svizra\nSwiss Agency for Development and Cooperation SDC\nNetherlands Enterprise Agency']","GIZ is from Germany, as it has registered offices in Bonn and Eschborn, Germany, and is formally known as Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH.",,,,multi_hop_specific_query_synthesizer +What is the time horizon for indicative targets in the Multi-Annual Indicative Programming?,"['<1-hop>\n\n# Annual Operational Programming 2025\n## 3. Planned activities\n(with Guinea until 12/2023), Planned out- comes at HH level (in 1,000 persons) 7,8. = 34\n7 Project durations and planned outcomes at the household level remain unchanged compared to the update of the Multi-Annual Indicative Programming in 2024.\n8\nIndicative targets span a time horizon until the end of 2025.\nAnnual Operational Programming 2025\n6']",The indicative targets in the Multi-Annual Indicative Programming span a time horizon until the end of 2025.,,,,multi_hop_specific_query_synthesizer +What was the percentage of EnDev funds allocated to sub-Saharan Africa in the Progress Report 2024?,"[""<1-hop>\n\n# Progress Report 2024\n## 4.2 Funds\nNote: Differences due to rounding are possible.\nFigure 4-1 Funds by donor (in million EUR)\nProgress Report 2024\n30\nIn 2024, EnDev's geographic focus continued shifting towards sub-Saharan Africa, as highlighted in chapter 2. This trend is also evident when looking at the funding by region, where sub-Saharan Africa 's share of funds is 74% (54% in East-Africa and 20% in West Africa), see Figure 4-2.""]","In 2024, sub-Saharan Africa received 74% of EnDev funds, with 54% allocated to East Africa and 20% to West Africa, as shown in Figure 4-2 of the Progress Report 2024.",,,,multi_hop_specific_query_synthesizer +Wat iz teh pupose ov SEFFA in ethiopia acording to teh baseline study?,"[""<1-hop>\n\n# SEFFA Baseline Study and\nMarket\nAssessment\n## 3.1.2 Dairy\nDairy production in Ethiopia is a significant and growing industry, encompassing milk derived from cows, goats and camels. While the relative significance of each animal follows geographical patterns and largely depends on the region, cows are by far the most important animals for dairy production in the target regions of Amhara, Oromia, SNNP and Sidama (see figure 6), jointly representing 86% of the national dairy cow population. Cow milk is, therefore, the logical focus of the analysis in this report, although goat milk is also considered, where relevant. At national level, of Ethiopia's 70-million cattle population, only 11% are dairy cattle, representing a decrease compared to 5 years ago. However, both the dairy cow population and the production of cow milk have been growing in recent years, and the faster growth of the latter indicates productivity improvements.\nSmall cattle holdings represent the majority, with most households own between 1 and 4 cows . The average number of cows per household is slightly lower in Sidama compared to the other target regions, although the difference is not significant. It is also important to note that cow ownership is widespread but not universal, with c.20-25% households reporting that they do not own any cows."", '<2-hop>\n\n# SEFFA Baseline Study and\nMarket\nAssessment\n## 6.3.1 Ethiopia\nfarmer. Number of loans/ leasing agreements issued to facilitate the purchase of technology, Baseline = 0. Number of loans/ leasing agreements issued to facilitate the purchase of technology, Year 3 target = 250. Number of loans/ leasing agreements issued to facilitate the purchase of technology, Data collection protocol = records review with service providers, quarterly basis. Number of loans/ leasing agreements issued to facilitate the purchase of technology, Calculation required? = n/a. Willingness to obtain a loan to cover the purchase cost of technology, Baseline = n/a. Willingness to obtain a loan to cover the purchase cost of technology, Year 3 target = n/a. Willingness to obtain a loan to cover the purchase cost of technology, Data collection protocol = Annual household survey. Willingness to obtain a loan to cover the purchase cost of technology, Calculation required? = n/a. Number of units of technology sold as part of the pilot (irrigation pumps), Baseline = 0. Number of units of technology sold as part of the pilot (irrigation pumps), Year 3 target = 250. Number of units of technology sold as part of the pilot (irrigation pumps), Data collection protocol = Company records/ interviews, quarterly basis. Number of units of technology sold as part of the pilot (irrigation pumps), Calculation required? = n/a. Willingness to expand technology provision without SEFFA support (measured on a Likert scale), Baseline = n/a. Willingness to expand technology provision without SEFFA support (measured on a Likert scale), Year 3 target = n/a. Willingness to expand technology provision without SEFFA support (measured on a Likert scale), Data collection protocol = Endline company survey, investigated. Willingness to expand technology provision without SEFFA support (measured on a Likert scale), Calculation required? = n/a']","The purpose of SEFFA in Ethiopia, according to the baseline study, is to facilitate the purchase of technology by issuing loans or leasing agreements, with a Year 3 target of 250 agreements, and to support the sale of technology units such as irrigation pumps, also targeting 250 units sold by Year 3, as part of a pilot initiative aimed at improving agricultural productivity.",,,,multi_hop_specific_query_synthesizer +How does ASER contribute to social sustainability through its collaboration with EnDev in rural electrification initiatives?,"[""<1-hop>\n\n# Progress Report 2021\n## 57 tons of lead-acid batteries recycled\nLead-acid batteries are often used in off-grid electrification. If not disposed of correctly, these batteries can pose a significant risk to the environment and human health. In Senegal, EnDev is committed to supporting the development of the national solar waste management sector. For this purpose, EnDev - in partnership with GIZ's Sustainable Energy Programme (PED) - has developed a waste management strategy and is working with local partners to implement it. In addition, EnDev is supporting the Senegalese Agency for Rural Electrification (ASER) in the implementation of recycling activities. By the end of 2021, more than 57 tons of used lead batteries from the solar sector could be collected and recycled in accordance with relevant standards. The recovered lead is being used to produce new batteries for solar applications, thus contributing to a circular economy."", ""<2-hop>\n\n# 2021-03 EnDev_COVID-19_Energising_the_Green_Economic_Recovery.pdf\n## COVID-PAY for rural clients\nThe Government of Senegal has provided low-income customers of the electricity utility SENELEC with a bimonthly subsidy of their electricity bills. However, the clients of the rural energy service (ERIL) providers have not benefitted from this support. Together with the public partner ASER ( Agence Sénégalaise d'Electrification Rurale ), EnDev thus offers a degressive electricity bill subsidy to the neglected rural populations to address their encountered difficulties to pay for electricity as prior to the crisis and restore a functioning supply and demand system of ERIL installations.""]","ASER contributes to social sustainability by collaborating with EnDev on rural electrification initiatives, particularly through the implementation of recycling activities for lead-acid batteries and supporting rural energy access. In partnership with EnDev, ASER helped recycle over 57 tons of used lead-acid batteries from the solar sector by the end of 2021, promoting environmental safety and a circular economy. Additionally, ASER worked with EnDev to provide a degressive electricity bill subsidy to low-income rural clients who were excluded from the government's COVID-19 energy relief measures, thereby ensuring continued access to electricity and supporting fair energy service provision in rural areas.",,,,multi_hop_specific_query_synthesizer +how clean cooking standards be enforced through the support of EnDev Ethiopia and its partners?,"[""<1-hop>\n\n# Programming Report 2021 Update\n## Approaches for scaling (see 'Activities' below):\nIn this programming phase, EnDev Ethiopia shall continue its partnership with SNV, incorporating SNV into the component's implementation approach. EnDev Ethiopia will further support the sector through follow-on activities to the previously parallel RVO funded 'Strengthening Enabling Environment of Clean Cooking Sector (SEECCS)' project and the EnDev component of SEECCS II project. This will include further strengthening of the Ethiopia Clean Cooking Alliance (ECCA) towards self-sustainability, supporting policy, strategy review and endorsement. This will include supporting the enforcement of clean cooking standards, strengthening national cookstove testing facilities and linking regional ICS associations to the ECCA for more inclusive representation of the clean and improved cooking sector.\n36 The production equipment is being sourced from national importers who have the required documents to access forex to import the machinery needed. The component will monitor the situation closely and make contingency plans if the forex access is determined to be an issue for importers.\nAnnex A, Programming Report 2021 Update\n146\nThrough the enhanced market-based approach, promoting cooking energy access, teaming up with local and international partners to increase impact and relevance and accurately accounting for its results and working efficiently, transparently and in a cost-effective manner, the component shall contribute its share to the EnDev vision: Energising Lives, Energising Opportunities and Energising Climate.""]","EnDev Ethiopia, in partnership with SNV and through follow-on activities to the SEECCS and SEECCS II projects, supports the enforcement of clean cooking standards by strengthening the Ethiopia Clean Cooking Alliance (ECCA), enhancing national cookstove testing facilities, and linking regional ICS associations to ECCA for inclusive representation of the clean and improved cooking sector.",,,,multi_hop_specific_query_synthesizer +wht was teh focus of teh EnDev Solar event planned for 2023?,"['<1-hop>\n\n# Multi-annual indicative Programming 2023-2025\n## Programming budget until 12/2024 in million EUR\n4 Minor rounding differences might be possible that result in neglectable inconsistencies in cross sums.\n5 Due to exchange rate fluctuations of contributions in foreign currencies (CHF, USD), EUR 0.052 million are reserved for exchange rate fluctuations. Furthermore, the commission value for the FCDO (RBF) contribution must be reduced by EUR 8.161 million (unused funds) resulting in available funds of EUR 518.415 million instead of the commissioned funds of EUR 526.524 million.\n6 DGIS is expected to provide funds of EUR 62 million. Since part of these funds are reserved for the year 2026 (EUR 7.6 million for core-funding and EUR 12.0 million for performance-based top-ups), only the share until 12/2025 (EUR 42.4 million) is shown here.\nMulti-annual indicative programming 2023-2025\n30', ""<2-hop>\n\n# Progress Report 2022\n## EnDev Solar national Event\nIn September, EnDev organized Bolivia's first national thematic solar event: a workshop-fair named «EnDev Solar». Aiming to activate and promote the solar market in rural areas, the workshop-fair provided a formal space where the demand side (community leaders, NGOs, public sector representatives, and interested individuals), private suppliers (medium, small and micro) and the financial sector could exchange knowledge and information on needs, barriers and potentials of solar solutions. During the workshop session, the participants were able to interact and exchange knowledge and experiences, as this was the first event of its kind in Bolivia.\nIn the fair section, suppliers presented the variety of solar solutions available, and fair visitors could see, touch, and ask about prices, benefits, characteristics, and other aspects of interest. Financial institutions were also able to present their loan products to the supply and demand side, as well as to reduce doubts about conditionalities to access them.\nEnDev received great feedback from participants and was requested to replicate this event in future. As a result, it will be replicated in 2023, with an expanded focus also on PUE technologies and suppliers.""]","The EnDev Solar event planned for 2023 was intended to be a replication of the 2022 workshop-fair held in Bolivia, with an expanded focus also on PUE technologies and suppliers. The original event in 2022 provided a platform for knowledge exchange between community leaders, NGOs, public sector representatives, private solar suppliers, and financial institutions, and due to positive feedback, the 2023 event was scheduled to continue and broaden this initiative.",,,,multi_hop_specific_query_synthesizer +Wat is teh role of teh NEP in causin uncertanty in teh mini-grid sector in Rwanda?,"['<1-hop>\n\n# Programming Report 2021 Update\n## Electricity sector\nInstitutional sustainability has improved significantly over the last years for mini-grids and e-waste management. Between 2016 and 2020 the enabling environment evolved rapidly with several policies, guiding documents and regulations having been adopted. Roles and responsibilities of various actors such as the utility, regulator and sector ministry have also been clearly defined, which enables smooth implementation. However, some uncertainty remains. In the mini-grid sector, greater clarity is needed regarding the NEP, grid arrival as well as government buy-in for mini-grids in the long-term. For grid-connected small hydropower plants, the institutional environment has become more uncertain. Due to overgeneration, the utility has been refusing to sign or renew Power Purchasing Agreements (PPA) with private producers, thereby threatening private investment. EnDev is actively engaging with GoR on this issue to establish greater clarity for private investors. Regarding gender capacity, key institutional partners (e.g. REG) have gender officers and policies and are promoting the advancement of women. REG e.g. is participating in the Women in Rwandan Energy (WIRE) initiative by offering internships, trainings and planning the first solely female run hydropower plant. EDCL also specifically monitors electrification in female headed households. Female-headed low-income households are also generally prioritised by EDCL in electrification planning. Where possible EnDev engages with partners and initiatives i.e. WIRE to promote gender sensitivity and capacity.']","The NEP contributes to uncertainty in the mini-grid sector because greater clarity is needed regarding its role, particularly in relation to grid arrival and long-term government support for mini-grids. This lack of clarity affects planning and investment confidence in the sector.",,,,multi_hop_specific_query_synthesizer +Which EnDev relief instruments were implemented in Mozambique to support energy access during the COVID-19 response?,"[""<1-hop>\n\n# 2021-03 EnDev_COVID-19_Energising_the_Green_Economic_Recovery.pdf\n## 3. EnDev's COVID-19 response\nTable 2: EnDev Relief Instruments Inventory\nCOVID- PAY, Focus = Short- term. COVID- PAY, Content = RBF approach targeting companies working with a PAYGO business model or mini-grid providers to ensure continuous access to electricity of beneficiaries and de-risking increased share of default payments.. COVID- PAY, Country = Mozambique, Senegal, Uganda. COVID- VOUCH, Focus = Short- term. COVID- VOUCH, Content = Through a partnership with Microfinance Institutions (MFIs), vouchers for certain products can be distributed to eligible households. With these coupons the households can then buy products from suppliers (ICS/solar). The suppliers in turn can cash the coupon at one of the MFIs for the full price.. COVID- VOUCH, Country = Ethiopia. COVID- AWARE, Focus = Long- term. COVID- AWARE, Content = Raising awareness about healthier, cleaner, safer and more economical improved cook stoves and cooking practices as well as benefits of quality solar products can help to stimulate demand for certain product categories. Communication channels are often TV documentaries, radio features, messages as well as newspaper adverts and billboards.. COVID- AWARE, Country = Senegal, Uganda. COVID- ASSIST, Focus = Short- term. COVID- ASSIST, Content = Direct support of hardware (e.g., to ensure stocks are re-plenished) and grants ensure that businesses can stay in the market and/or re-boot.. COVID- ASSIST, Country = Ethiopia, Senegal. COVID- PLUS, Focus = Long- term. COVID- PLUS, Content = With a focused RBF instrument, existing companies in the solar energy and ICS sector can focus on new energy access for vulnerable populations or otherwise specified target groups.. COVID- PLUS, Country = Mozambique, Tanzania, Uganda"", '<2-hop>\n\n# Progress Report 2020\n## EnDev relief instruments inventory\nCOVID-PAY, Focus = Short- term. COVID-PAY, Approach = RBF approach targeting companies working with a PAYGO business model or mini-grid providers to ensure continuous access to electricity of beneficiaries and de-risking increased share of default payments.. COVID-PAY, Country = Mozambique, Senegal, Uganda. Demand Side COVID- VOUCH, Focus = Short- term. Demand Side COVID- VOUCH, Approach = Through a partnership with microfinance institutions (MFIs), vouchers for certain energy products can be distributed to eligible households. With these coupons, households can then buy products from suppliers (ICS, solar PV). The suppliers in turn can cash the coupon at one of the MFIs for the full price.. Demand Side COVID- VOUCH, Country = Ethiopia. COVID- AWARE, Focus = Long-term. COVID- AWARE, Approach = Raising awareness about healthier, cleaner, safer and more economical improved cookstoves and cooking practices as well as benefits of quality solar PV products can help to stimulate demand. Communication channels are TV documentaries, radio features, messages as well as newspaper adverts and billboards.. COVID- AWARE, Country = Senegal, Uganda. COVID- ASSIST, Focus = Short- term. COVID- ASSIST, Approach = Direct support by means of purchasing hardware (e.g. to ensure stocks are replenished) and grants ensure that energy businesses can stay in the market and/or re-boot.. COVID- ASSIST, Country = Ethiopia, Senegal. Supply Side COVID- PLUS, Focus = Long-term. Supply Side COVID- PLUS, Approach = With a focused RBF instrument, existing companies in the ICS and solar PV sector can focus on new energy access for vulnerable population groups.. Supply Side COVID- PLUS, Country = Mozambique,']","In Mozambique, the EnDev relief instruments implemented were COVID-PAY and COVID-PLUS. COVID-PAY was a short-term instrument using a results-based financing (RBF) approach targeting companies with a PAYGO business model or mini-grid providers to ensure continuous electricity access and reduce the risk of payment defaults. COVID-PLUS was a long-term, supply-side instrument that used a focused RBF approach to enable existing companies in the solar and improved cookstove (ICS) sectors to expand energy access for vulnerable populations.",,,,multi_hop_specific_query_synthesizer +"In the context of development cooperation, how does the enabling environment for PAY-AS-YOU-GO solar home systems in Bangladesh reflect the challenges related to financial inclusion and service delivery, particularly considering the role of microfinance institutions and the structure of product-service systems as observed in the Annual Planning 2021 Market Scorecard for Bangladesh?","['<1-hop>\n\n# Enabling Environment\nfor PAY-AS-YOU-GO\n## (-) Technology providers have limited possibilities to offer financial services and MFIs have limited possibilities to stock and distribute products\nClassical PAYGO companies run a product-service system model in which the customer gets the technology and the financing from the same entity (See section 0.Product Service Systems). This is also the default model in Bangladesh, where MFIs create new entities to offer SHS with credit in a one-hand model. Due to the existing legal framework, the default model applied in Ethiopia up to date is the multi-enterprise business model. It refers to cases where two or more entities enter into formal agreements to provide the financed energy technology to the end-users. Typically, a technology supplier and an MFI enter into a contract where the former is providing financing, whilst the latter provides the hardware, conducts installation and after-sell services. The end-user has to deal with two entities to access electricity and services. To be effective, this model requires: a clarity in responsibilities,\nroles, as well as steps, procedures and process alignments between all participating parties.', '<2-hop>\n\n# Annual Planning 2021\n## Summary EnDev Market Scorecard: Bangladesh July 2020 E-Cooking\nskills Warranties Business networks Supply chain Prices, costs, profits Sales Volume Suppliers = No government or donor awareness campaigns. Limited confidence that SREDA will strongly engage in this in the short term, not much in focus in NAP.. , July 2020.July 2020 = . , July 2020.July 2020 = No user training known for pressure cookers, induction stoves etc. which actually shift cooking behaviour. Instruction needed how to use it, for which foods, etc.. Annual Planning 2021 ANNEX, Market trends Positive h Slight positive k Stagnation g Slight negative m.Market trends Positive h Slight positive k Stagnation g Slight negative m = Market facilitation. Annual Planning 2021 ANNEX, Willingness to pay Market penetration Product diversity Entrepreneurial skills Warranties Business networks Supply chain Prices, costs, profits Sales Volume Suppliers.Willingness to pay Market penetration Product diversity Entrepreneurial skills Warranties Business networks Supply chain Prices, costs, profits Sales Volume Suppliers = . Annual Planning 2021 ANNEX, July 2020.July 2020 = . Annual Planning 2021 ANNEX, July 2020.July 2020 = . , Market trends Positive h Slight positive k Stagnation g Slight negative m.Market trends Positive h Slight positive k Stagnation g Slight negative m = E4V1. , Willingness to pay Market penetration Product diversity Entrepreneurial skills Warranties Business networks Supply chain Prices, costs, profits Sales Volume Suppliers.Willingness to pay Market penetration Product diversity Entrepreneurial']","In Bangladesh, the enabling environment for PAY-AS-YOU-GO (PAYGO) solar home systems (SHS) is shaped by a product-service system model where microfinance institutions (MFIs) play a central role. According to the context, classical PAYGO companies typically provide both technology and financing through a single entity, which has become the default model in Bangladesh. In this model, MFIs establish new entities to offer SHS with credit, adopting a one-hand approach that integrates financing and technology delivery. However, this model operates within a constrained legal framework that limits the ability of technology providers to offer financial services, while MFIs face limitations in stocking and distributing products. This creates structural challenges for financial inclusion and efficient service delivery. The Annual Planning 2021 Market Scorecard for Bangladesh further highlights gaps in the market, such as lack of user training for new technologies like induction stoves and pressure cookers, which affects adoption and behavioral change. Additionally, there is limited government or donor awareness and low confidence in strong engagement from agencies like SREDA, which impacts market development and support for decentralized energy solutions.",,,,multi_hop_specific_query_synthesizer +wut duz table 3 shw abt th numbr of ppl gtng cooking enrgy?,"[""<1-hop>\n\n# Update of the Multi-Annual Indicative Programming 2023-2025\n## Table 3 Original targets as per country's 2023-25 programming proposal\nTable 4\nOutcomes, 1 = Original targets 07/2023 - 12/2025. Outcomes, 2 = Of which HTC. Outcomes, 3 = Of which LNOB. Cooking / thermal energy for households, 1 = 486,009 people. Cooking / thermal energy for households, 2 = 6,489. Cooking / thermal energy for households, 3 = 389,565. Electricity and/or cooking / thermal energy for social infrastructure, 1 = 1 SI. Electricity and/or cooking / thermal energy for social infrastructure, 2 = 0. Electricity and/or cooking / thermal energy for social infrastructure, 3 = 0. Electricity and/or cooking / thermal energy for productive use / income generation, 1 = 23 MSMEs. Electricity and/or cooking / thermal energy for productive use / income generation, 2 = 0. Electricity and/or cooking / thermal energy for productive use / income generation, 3 = 0""]","Table 3 shows that the original target for cooking / thermal energy for households was 486,009 people between 07/2023 and 12/2025.",,,,multi_hop_specific_query_synthesizer +electricity and/or cooking / thermal energy for productive use / income generation targets 2023-2025,"['<1-hop>\n\n# Update of the Multi-Annual Indicative Programming 2023-2025\n## Original and additional targets\nTable 4\nOutcomes, 1 = Original targets 07/2023 - 12/2025. Outcomes, 2 = Of which HTC. Outcomes, 3 = Of which LNOB. Cooking / thermal energy for households, 1 = 57,078 people. Cooking / thermal energy for households, 2 = 57,078. Cooking / thermal energy for households, 3 = 11,340. Electricity and/or cooking / thermal energy for productive use / income generation, 1 = 18 MSMEs. Electricity and/or cooking / thermal energy for productive use / income generation, 2 = 18. Electricity and/or cooking / thermal energy for productive use / income generation, 3 = 0', ""<2-hop>\n\n# Update of the Multi-Annual Indicative Programming 2023-2025\n## Table 3 Original targets as per country's 2023-25 programming proposal\nTable 4\nOutcomes, 1 = Original targets 07/2023 - 12/2025. Outcomes, 2 = Of which HTC. Outcomes, 3 = Of which LNOB. Cooking / thermal energy for households, 1 = 486,009 people. Cooking / thermal energy for households, 2 = 6,489. Cooking / thermal energy for households, 3 = 389,565. Electricity and/or cooking / thermal energy for social infrastructure, 1 = 1 SI. Electricity and/or cooking / thermal energy for social infrastructure, 2 = 0. Electricity and/or cooking / thermal energy for social infrastructure, 3 = 0. Electricity and/or cooking / thermal energy for productive use / income generation, 1 = 23 MSMEs. Electricity and/or cooking / thermal energy for productive use / income generation, 2 = 0. Electricity and/or cooking / thermal energy for productive use / income generation, 3 = 0""]","The original target for electricity and/or cooking / thermal energy for productive use / income generation from 07/2023 to 12/2025 was set at 23 MSMEs in the initial programming proposal. However, in the updated multi-annual indicative programming, the target was revised to 18 MSMEs, with none specifically designated for either HTC or LNOB categories.",,,,multi_hop_specific_query_synthesizer