"""Train pointwise-MLP and history-aware GRU baselines for T2 v1."""

from __future__ import annotations

import argparse
import json
import time
from pathlib import Path

import matplotlib

matplotlib.use("Agg")
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import torch
from torch import nn
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader, TensorDataset

try:
    from src.load_t2_material_loading_memory import iter_trajectories
except ModuleNotFoundError:
    from load_t2_material_loading_memory import iter_trajectories


ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
DATA_DIR = ROOT / "data" / "t2_material_loading_memory_v1"
ARTIFACT_DIR = ROOT / "artifacts" / "t2_material_loading_memory_v1"
PARAMETER_NAMES = (
    "young_pa",
    "poisson",
    "yield_stress_pa",
    "hardening_modulus_pa",
    "backstress_c1_pa",
    "backstress_gamma1",
    "backstress_c2_pa",
    "backstress_gamma2",
    "isotropic_saturation_pa",
    "isotropic_rate",
)
MODEL_NAMES = ("j2_linear_isotropic", "chaboche_combined")
PATH_FAMILIES = (
    "monotonic_tension",
    "unload_reload",
    "tension_compression",
    "symmetric_cyclic",
    "mean_shifted_cyclic",
    "variable_amplitude",
)


class PointwiseMLP(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, input_size: int) -> None:
        super().__init__()
        self.network = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Linear(input_size, 64),
            nn.Tanh(),
            nn.Linear(64, 64),
            nn.Tanh(),
            nn.Linear(64, 1),
        )

    def forward(self, values: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        return self.network(values)


class HistoryGRU(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, input_size: int) -> None:
        super().__init__()
        self.recurrent = nn.GRU(input_size, 64, batch_first=True)
        self.output = nn.Linear(64, 1)

    def forward(self, values: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        hidden, _ = self.recurrent(values)
        return self.output(hidden)


def _load_arrays() -> dict[str, object]:
    samples = list(iter_trajectories(DATA_DIR))
    parameters = np.asarray(
        [[float(sample["parameters"][name]) for name in PARAMETER_NAMES] for sample in samples],
        dtype=np.float64,
    )
    model_one_hot = np.zeros((len(samples), len(MODEL_NAMES)), dtype=np.float64)
    for index, sample in enumerate(samples):
        model_one_hot[index, MODEL_NAMES.index(sample["material_model"])] = 1.0
    strain = np.asarray(
        [sample["history"]["signed_equivalent_strain"] for sample in samples],
        dtype=np.float64,
    )
    stress = np.asarray(
        [sample["history"]["signed_equivalent_stress_pa"] for sample in samples],
        dtype=np.float64,
    )
    splits = np.asarray([sample["split"] for sample in samples])
    train = splits == "train"
    parameter_mean = parameters[train].mean(axis=0)
    parameter_scale = parameters[train].std(axis=0)
    parameter_scale[parameter_scale < 1.0e-15] = 1.0
    normalized_parameters = (parameters - parameter_mean) / parameter_scale
    strain_scale = float(np.max(np.abs(strain[train])))
    normalized_strain = strain / strain_scale
    delta = np.diff(normalized_strain, axis=1, prepend=normalized_strain[:, :1])
    constant = np.concatenate((normalized_parameters, model_one_hot), axis=1)
    repeated = np.repeat(constant[:, None, :], strain.shape[1], axis=1)
    pointwise = np.concatenate((normalized_strain[:, :, None], repeated), axis=2)
    history = np.concatenate(
        (normalized_strain[:, :, None], delta[:, :, None], repeated), axis=2
    )
    stress_scale = float(np.std(stress[train]))
    target = stress / stress_scale
    return {
        "samples": samples,
        "pointwise": pointwise.astype(np.float32),
        "history": history.astype(np.float32),
        "target": target.astype(np.float32),
        "stress_pa": stress,
        "splits": splits,
        "normalization": {
            "parameter_names": list(PARAMETER_NAMES),
            "parameter_mean": parameter_mean.tolist(),
            "parameter_scale": parameter_scale.tolist(),
            "strain_scale": strain_scale,
            "stress_scale_pa": stress_scale,
        },
    }


def _train_pointwise(
    features: np.ndarray,
    target: np.ndarray,
    train: np.ndarray,
    validation: np.ndarray,
    *,
    epochs: int,
) -> PointwiseMLP:
    model = PointwiseMLP(features.shape[-1])
    optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=2.0e-3)
    criterion = nn.MSELoss()
    x_train = torch.from_numpy(features[train].reshape(-1, features.shape[-1]))
    y_train = torch.from_numpy(target[train].reshape(-1, 1))
    loader = DataLoader(TensorDataset(x_train, y_train), batch_size=4096, shuffle=True)
    x_validation = torch.from_numpy(
        features[validation].reshape(-1, features.shape[-1])
    )
    y_validation = torch.from_numpy(target[validation].reshape(-1, 1))
    best: dict[str, torch.Tensor] | None = None
    best_loss = float("inf")
    remaining = 6
    for _ in range(epochs):
        model.train()
        for x_batch, y_batch in loader:
            optimizer.zero_grad()
            loss = criterion(model(x_batch), y_batch)
            loss.backward()
            optimizer.step()
        model.eval()
        with torch.no_grad():
            loss = float(criterion(model(x_validation), y_validation))
        if loss < best_loss - 1.0e-6:
            best_loss = loss
            best = {name: value.detach().clone() for name, value in model.state_dict().items()}
            remaining = 6
        else:
            remaining -= 1
            if remaining == 0:
                break
    if best is not None:
        model.load_state_dict(best)
    return model


def _train_gru(
    features: np.ndarray,
    target: np.ndarray,
    train: np.ndarray,
    validation: np.ndarray,
    *,
    epochs: int,
) -> HistoryGRU:
    model = HistoryGRU(features.shape[-1])
    optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=2.0e-3)
    criterion = nn.MSELoss()
    loader = DataLoader(
        TensorDataset(torch.from_numpy(features[train]), torch.from_numpy(target[train, :, None])),
        batch_size=32,
        shuffle=True,
    )
    x_validation = torch.from_numpy(features[validation])
    y_validation = torch.from_numpy(target[validation, :, None])
    best: dict[str, torch.Tensor] | None = None
    best_loss = float("inf")
    remaining = 8
    for _ in range(epochs):
        model.train()
        for x_batch, y_batch in loader:
            optimizer.zero_grad()
            loss = criterion(model(x_batch), y_batch)
            loss.backward()
            optimizer.step()
        model.eval()
        with torch.no_grad():
            loss = float(criterion(model(x_validation), y_validation))
        if loss < best_loss - 1.0e-6:
            best_loss = loss
            best = {name: value.detach().clone() for name, value in model.state_dict().items()}
            remaining = 8
        else:
            remaining -= 1
            if remaining == 0:
                break
    if best is not None:
        model.load_state_dict(best)
    return model


def _predict(model: nn.Module, features: np.ndarray, *, batch_size: int) -> np.ndarray:
    model.eval()
    chunks: list[np.ndarray] = []
    with torch.no_grad():
        for start in range(0, len(features), batch_size):
            chunks.append(model(torch.from_numpy(features[start : start + batch_size])).numpy())
    return np.concatenate(chunks, axis=0).squeeze(-1)


def _metrics(reference: np.ndarray, prediction: np.ndarray) -> dict[str, float]:
    error = prediction - reference
    rmse = float(np.sqrt(np.mean(error**2)))
    mae = float(np.mean(np.abs(error)))
    centered = reference - float(np.mean(reference))
    r2 = 1.0 - float(np.sum(error**2) / np.sum(centered**2))
    scale = float(np.max(reference) - np.min(reference))
    return {
        "rmse_mpa": rmse / 1.0e6,
        "mae_mpa": mae / 1.0e6,
        "range_normalized_rmse": rmse / scale,
        "r2": r2,
    }


def train(*, mlp_epochs: int = 40, gru_epochs: int = 60) -> dict[str, object]:
    torch.manual_seed(20260925)
    np.random.seed(20260925)
    torch.set_num_threads(min(4, torch.get_num_threads()))
    torch.use_deterministic_algorithms(True)
    arrays = _load_arrays()
    splits = arrays["splits"]
    train_mask = splits == "train"
    validation_mask = splits == "validation"
    test_mask = splits == "test"
    started = time.perf_counter()
    mlp = _train_pointwise(
        arrays["pointwise"],
        arrays["target"],
        train_mask,
        validation_mask,
        epochs=mlp_epochs,
    )
    gru = _train_gru(
        arrays["history"],
        arrays["target"],
        train_mask,
        validation_mask,
        epochs=gru_epochs,
    )
    stress_scale = arrays["normalization"]["stress_scale_pa"]
    mlp_prediction = _predict(mlp, arrays["pointwise"], batch_size=128) * stress_scale
    gru_prediction = _predict(gru, arrays["history"], batch_size=64) * stress_scale
    reference = arrays["stress_pa"]
    metrics: dict[str, object] = {
        "status": "completed",
        "task": "signed-equivalent-stress history prediction",
        "split_policy": "complete trajectories; normalization fitted on train only",
        "test_trajectory_count": int(np.count_nonzero(test_mask)),
        "pointwise_mlp": {"overall": _metrics(reference[test_mask], mlp_prediction[test_mask])},
        "history_gru": {"overall": _metrics(reference[test_mask], gru_prediction[test_mask])},
        "wall_seconds": float(time.perf_counter() - started),
        "torch_version": torch.__version__,
        "normalization": arrays["normalization"],
    }
    samples = arrays["samples"]
    for model_name in MODEL_NAMES:
        mask = test_mask & np.asarray(
            [sample["material_model"] == model_name for sample in samples]
        )
        metrics["pointwise_mlp"][model_name] = _metrics(reference[mask], mlp_prediction[mask])
        metrics["history_gru"][model_name] = _metrics(reference[mask], gru_prediction[mask])

    ARTIFACT_DIR.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
    (ARTIFACT_DIR / "baseline_metrics.json").write_text(
        json.dumps(metrics, indent=2, sort_keys=True) + "\n", encoding="utf-8"
    )
    torch.save(
        {
            "pointwise_mlp": mlp.state_dict(),
            "history_gru": gru.state_dict(),
            "normalization": arrays["normalization"],
            "parameter_names": PARAMETER_NAMES,
            "model_names": MODEL_NAMES,
        },
        ARTIFACT_DIR / "baseline_models.pt",
    )

    fig, axes = plt.subplots(2, 3, figsize=(12.0, 7.2), constrained_layout=True)
    for axis, family in zip(axes.flat, PATH_FAMILIES, strict=True):
        index = next(
            idx
            for idx, sample in enumerate(samples)
            if test_mask[idx]
            and sample["material_model"] == "chaboche_combined"
            and sample["path_family"] == family
        )
        strain = 100.0 * samples[index]["history"]["signed_equivalent_strain"]
        axis.plot(strain, reference[index] / 1.0e6, color="#111827", lw=2.0, label="AgentFEM")
        axis.plot(strain, mlp_prediction[index] / 1.0e6, color="#f59e0b", lw=1.2, label="Pointwise MLP")
        axis.plot(strain, gru_prediction[index] / 1.0e6, color="#2563eb", lw=1.5, label="History GRU")
        axis.set_title(family.replace("_", " ").title(), fontsize=10)
        axis.set_xlabel("Signed equivalent strain (%)")
        axis.set_ylabel("Signed equivalent stress (MPa)")
        axis.grid(alpha=0.22)
    axes.flat[0].legend(frameon=False, fontsize=8)
    fig.suptitle("T2 v1 baseline comparison on held-out Chaboche trajectories", fontsize=13)
    fig.savefig(ARTIFACT_DIR / "baseline_predictions.png", dpi=180)
    plt.close(fig)
    print(json.dumps(metrics, indent=2, sort_keys=True))
    return metrics


def main() -> None:
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__)
    parser.add_argument("--mlp-epochs", type=int, default=40)
    parser.add_argument("--gru-epochs", type=int, default=60)
    args = parser.parse_args()
    train(mlp_epochs=args.mlp_epochs, gru_epochs=args.gru_epochs)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()