import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D import numpy from deap import tools NOBJ = 3 P = [12] SCALES = [1] fig = plt.figure(figsize=(7, 7)) ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection="3d") # the coordinate origin ax.scatter(0, 0, 0, c="k", marker="+", s=100) # reference points ref_points = [tools.uniform_reference_points(NOBJ, p, s) for p, s in zip(P, SCALES)] ref_points = numpy.concatenate(ref_points) _, uniques = numpy.unique(ref_points, axis=0, return_index=True) ref_points = ref_points[uniques] ax.scatter(ref_points[:, 0], ref_points[:, 1], ref_points[:, 2], marker="o", s=48) # final figure details ax.set_xlabel("$f_1(\mathbf{x})$", fontsize=15) ax.set_ylabel("$f_2(\mathbf{x})$", fontsize=15) ax.set_zlabel("$f_3(\mathbf{x})$", fontsize=15) ax.view_init(elev=11, azim=-25) ax.autoscale(tight=True) plt.tight_layout() plt.show()