{"title": "Proceedings of the 19th ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing, CSCW 2016, San Francisco, CA, USA, February 27 - March 2, 2016", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Darren Gergle", "Meredith Ringel Morris", "Pernille Bjørn", "Joseph A. Konstan"], "abstract": null, "doi": null, "arxiv_id": "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2818048", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2818048"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2818048"}
{"title": "Supporting Group Coherence in a Museum Visit", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Lesley Fosh", "Steve Benford", "Boriana Koleva"], "abstract": "Visiting museums as part of a group poses the challenge of managing engagement with exhibits while preserving group cohesion. We respond to this by reconfiguring the social dynamic of visiting with an experience designed specifically for groups, that invites the group members themselves to design and 'gift' interpretations to one another. We present a trial of this experience with groups of family and friends at a museum. We show how groups managed and configured themselves during the visit, revealing the strategies involved in maintaining different group behaviors. We discuss how our design accommodated different visiting styles by making objects social and scaffolding rather than directing the group experience. We interpret our findings to frame group coherence as a flexible and configurable phenomenon within CSCW.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819970", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819970", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819970"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819970"}
{"title": "Articulating Co-Design in Museums: Reflections on Two Participatory Processes", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Luigina Ciolfi", "Gabriela Avram", "Laura A. Maye", "Nick Dulake", "Mark T. Marshall", "Dick van Dijk", "Fiona E. McDermott"], "abstract": "In this paper we reflect on the process of co-design by detailing and comparing two strategies for the participatory development of interaction concepts and prototypes in the context of technologically-enhanced museum visiting experiences. While much work in CSCW, HCI and related disciplines has examined different role configurations in co-design, more research is needed on examining how collaborative design processes can unfold in different ways. Here we present two instances of co-design of museum visiting aids, one stemming from an open brief, another from an initial working prototype; we discuss the process in each case and discuss how these alternative strategies presented the team with different possibilities as well as constraints, and led to different patterns of collaboration within the design team. Finally, we draw a set of themes for discussion and reflection to inform and aid researchers and practitioners participating in similar co-design processes, particularly in the domain of cultural heritage.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819967", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819967", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819967"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819967"}
{"title": "Effects of the Display Angle on Social Behaviors of the People around the Display: A Field Study at a Museum", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Junko Ichino", "Kazuo Isoda", "Tetsuya Ueda", "Reimi Satoh"], "abstract": "In this paper, we investigate through a field study how the angles (horizontal, tilted, and vertical angles) of displays deployed in a public space (at a museum) impact the social behaviors of the people around the display. In the field study, we collected both quantitative and qualitative data of more than 700 museum visitors over a period of approximately three months. Findings of our study include the following: (1) the horizontal and vertical display angles have a higher honeypot effect, i.e., people interacting with a display attract other people, than the tilted display angle, (2) the vertical display angle, compared to the horizontal and tilted display angles, attracts several people to the display and encourages them to stay in the display space and share the space for a short period of time (88 seconds on average), and as a result, people frequently enter and leave the space with a display, and (3) display angles closer to the horizontal promotes the side-by-side arrangement, and display angles closer to the vertical promotes the L-shaped arrangement of F-formation. The findings in our study help design a public display deployed in museums and other public spaces.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819938", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819938", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819938"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819938"}
{"title": "Jokebox: Coordinating Shared Encounters in Public Spaces", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Mara Balestrini", "Raymundo Cornejo", "Paul Marshall", "Monica E. Tentori", "Jon Bird", "Yvonne Rogers"], "abstract": "Eye contact is crucial to shared encounters in public spaces. However, most urban technologies that aim to foster social interaction' attention towards the device rather than to those with whom the encounter is shared. We present the design and evaluation of the Jokebox, a lightweight technology that requires two passers-by to coordinate actions to hear a joke. In three in the wild studies at different locations we found that our design supported micro-level coordination in a consistent manner: by encouraging people to make eye contact and by using audible jokes, users engaged in interactions that often led to further conversation and laughter. We describe how opportunities for macro-level coordination were key to the success of the installation, but varied by context. Finally, we present design implications for considering both the micro and macro levels of social coordination.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2835203", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2835203", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2835203"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2835203"}
{"title": "#Bieber + #Blast = #BieberBlast: Early Prediction of Popular Hashtag Compounds", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Suman Kalyan Maity", "Ritvik Saraf", "Animesh Mukherjee"], "abstract": "Compounding of natural language units is a very common phenomena. In this paper, we show, for the first time, that Twitter hashtags which, could be considered as correlates of such linguistic units, undergo compounding. We identify reasons for this compounding and propose a prediction model that can identify with 77.07% accuracy if a pair of hashtags compounding in the near future (i.e., 2 months after compounding) shall become popular. At longer times T = 6, 10 months the accuracies are 77.52% and 79.13% respectively. This technique has strong implications to trending hashtag recommendation since newly formed hashtag compounds can be recommended early, even before the compounding has taken place. Further, humans can predict compounds with an overall accuracy of only 48.7% (treated as baseline). Notably, while humans can discriminate the relatively easier cases, the automatic framework is successful in classifying the relatively harder cases.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820019", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820019", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820019"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820019"}
{"title": "Style in the Age of Instagram: Predicting Success within the Fashion Industry using Social Media", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Jaehyuk Park", "Giovanni Luca Ciampaglia", "Emilio Ferrara"], "abstract": "Fashion is a multi-billion dollar industry with social and economic implications worldwide. To gain popularity, brands want to be represented by the top popular models. As new faces are selected using stringent (and often criticized) aesthetic criteria, a priori predictions are made difficult by information cascades and other fundamental trend-setting mechanisms. However, the increasing usage of social media within and without the industry may be affecting this traditional system. We therefore seek to understand the ingredients of success of fashion models in the age of Instagram. Combining data from a comprehensive online fashion database and the popular mobile image-sharing platform, we apply a ma- chine learning framework to predict the tenure of a cohort of new faces for the 2015 Spring/Summer season throughout the subsequent 2015-16 Fall / Winter season. Our framework successfully predicts most of the new popular models who appeared in 2015. In particular, we find that a strong social media presence may be more important than being under contract with a top agency, or than the aesthetic standards sought after by the industry.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820065", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820065", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820065"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820065"}
{"title": "Modeling Self-Disclosure in Social Networking Sites", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Yi-Chia Wang", "Moira Burke", "Robert E. Kraut"], "abstract": "Social networking sites (SNSs) offer users a platform to build and maintain social connections. Understanding when people feel comfortable sharing information about themselves on SNSs is critical to a good user experience, because self-disclosure helps maintain friendships and increase relationship closeness. This observational research develops a machine learning model to measure self-disclosure in SNSs and uses it to understand the contexts where it is higher or lower. Features include emotional valence, social distance between the poster and people mentioned in the post, the language similarity between the post and the community and post topic. To validate the model and advance our understanding about online self-disclosure, we applied it to de-identified, aggregated status updates from Facebook users. Results show that women self-disclose more than men. People with a stronger desire to manage impressions self-disclose less. Network size is negatively associated with self-disclosure, while tie strength and network density are positively associated.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820010", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820010", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820010"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820010"}
{"title": "Finding Weather Photos: Community-Supervised Methods for Editorial Curation of Online Sources", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["David A. Shamma", "Lyndon Kennedy", "Li-Jia Li", "Bart Thomee", "Haojian Jin", "Jeff Yuan"], "abstract": "There are many cues that can be used to curate media from social networking websites. Beyond metadata, group behavior provide a strong community-based signal for surfacing images, which we show in a user-defined curatorial task. In a departure from mirco-task crowdwork, we observe that the curation inherent in online photo communities guides the discoverability and consumption of the media, which in turn provides a strong signal that can be used in new editorial tasks in a community-supervised manner. We use this approach in tandem with other more conventional multimedia methods (i.e.\\ computer vision and contextual metadata) to form a broad multimodal approach to retrieval and recommendation. We present a large-scale system implementation on a real-world curative task for weather images on a web-scale dataset. Finally, we conduct an evaluation of this system using professional editors and find substantial improvements in editorial efficiency.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819989", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819989", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819989"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819989"}
{"title": "Standing Out from the Crowd: Emotional Labor, Body Labor, and Temporal Labor in Ridesharing", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Noopur Raval", "Paul Dourish"], "abstract": "CSCW researchers have become interested in crowd work as a new form of collaborative engagement, that is, as a new way in which people's actions are coordinated in order to achieve collective effects. We address this area but from a different perspective - that of the labor practices involved in taking crowd work as a form of work. Using empirical materials from a study of ride-sharing, we draw inspiration from studies of the immaterial forms of labor and alternate analyses of political economy that can cast a new light on the context of crowd labor that might matter for CSCW researchers.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820026", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820026", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820026"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820026"}
{"title": "Analysing Volunteer Engagement in Humanitarian Mapping: Building Contributor Communities at Large Scale", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Martin Dittus", "Giovanni Quattrone", "Licia Capra"], "abstract": "Organisers of large-scale crowdsourcing initiatives need to consider how to produce outcomes with their projects, but also how to build volunteer capacity. The initial project experience of contributors plays an important role in this, particularly when the contribution process requires some degree of expertise. We propose three analytical dimensions to assess first-time contributor engagement based on readily available public data: cohort analysis, task analysis, and observation of contributor performance. We apply these to a large-scale study of remote mapping activities coordinated by the Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team, a global volunteer effort with thousands of contributors. Our study shows that different coordination practices can have a marked impact on contributor retention, and that complex task designs can be a deterrent for certain contributor groups. We close by providing recommendations about how to build and sustain volunteer capacity in these and comparable crowdsourcing systems.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819939", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819939", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819939"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819939"}
{"title": "PlanSourcing: Generating Behavior Change Plans with Friends and Crowds", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Elena Agapie", "Lucas Colusso", "Sean A. Munson", "Gary Hsieh"], "abstract": "Specific, achievable plans can increase people's commitment to behavior change and increase their likelihood of success. However, many people struggle to create such plans, and available plans often do not fit their individual constraints. We conducted a study with 22 participants exploring the creation of personalized plans by strangers and friends to support three kinds of behavior change: diet, physical activity, and financial. In semi-structured interviews and analyses of the generated plans, we found that friends and strangers can help create behavior change plans that are actionable and help improve behavior. Participants perceived plans more positively when they were personalized to their goals, routines and preferences, or when they could foresee executing the plans with friends - often the friend who created the plan. Participants felt more comfortable sharing information with strangers and they received more diverse recommendations from strangers than friends.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819943", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819943", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819943"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819943"}
{"title": "The Crowd is a Collaborative Network", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Mary L. Gray", "Siddharth Suri", "Syed Shoaib Ali", "Deepti Kulkarni"], "abstract": "The main goal of this paper is to show that crowdworkers collaborate to fulfill technical and social needs left by the platform they work on. That is, crowdworkers are not the independent, autonomous workers they are often assumed to be, but instead work within a social network of other crowdworkers. Crowdworkers collaborate with members of their networks to 1) manage the administrative overhead associated with crowdwork, 2) find lucrative tasks and reputable employers and 3) recreate the social connections and support often associated with brick and mortar-work environments. Our evidence combines ethnography, interviews, survey data and larger scale data analysis from four crowdsourcing platforms, emphasizing the qualitative data from the Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) platform and Microsoft's proprietary crowdsourcing platform, the Universal Human Relevance System (UHRS). This paper draws from an ongoing, longitudinal study of Crowdwork that uses a mixed methods approach to understand the cultural meaning, political implications, and ethical demands of crowdsourcing.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819942", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819942", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819942"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819942"}
{"title": "Steps, Choices and Moral Accounting: Observations from a Step-Counting Campaign in the Workplace", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Nanna Gorm", "Irina Shklovski"], "abstract": "Sedentary work is a contributing factor to growing obesity levels worldwide. Research shows that step-counters can offer a way to motivate greater physical mobility. We present an in-situ study of a nation-wide workplace step-counting campaign. Our findings show that in the context of the workplace steps are a socially negotiated quantity and that participation in the campaign has an impact on those who volunteer to participate and those who opt-out. We highlight that specific health promotion initiatives do not operate in a vacuum, but are experienced as one out of many efforts offered to the employees. Using a social ecology lens we illustrate how conceptualizing a step-counting campaign as a health promotion rather than a behavior change effort can have implications for what is construed as success.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819944", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819944", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819944"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819944"}
{"title": "Confidence & Control: Examining Adolescent Preferences for Technologies that Promote Wellness", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Farnaz Irannejad Bisafar", "Andrea Grimes Parker"], "abstract": null, "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820028", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820028", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820028"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820028"}
{"title": "One LED is Enough: Catalyzing Face-to-face Interactions at Conferences with a Gentle Nudge", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Jay Chen", "Azza Abouzied"], "abstract": "Face-to-face social interactions among strangers today are becoming increasingly rare as people turn towards computer-mediated networking tools. Today's tools, however, are based on the following assumptions: increased information encourages interaction, profiles are good representations of users to other users, and computer-mediated communications prior to face-to-face meetings lead to better outcomes. This paper describes CommonTies, a gentle technological in the form of a wearable accessory, that encourages immediate, face-to-face, organic social interactions among strangers at conferences. By not exposing any profile information, CommonTies preserves an element of mystery and enables self-disclosure of information through conversation. We evaluate our system through a field study at a three-day research conference - CSCW 2014. We find that despite our information-scarce design, users were willing to interact with strangers and 74% of the interactions initiated by CommonTies were reported as novel and useful.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819969", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819969", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819969"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819969"}
{"title": "Persistent Sharing of Fitness App Status on Twitter", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Kunwoo Park", "Ingmar Weber", "Meeyoung Cha", "Chul Lee"], "abstract": "As the world becomes more digitized and interconnected, information that was once considered to be private such as one's health status is now being shared publicly. To understand this new phenomenon better, it is crucial to study what types of health information are being shared on social media and why, as well as by whom. In this paper, we study the traits of users who share their personal health and fitness related information on social media by analyzing fitness status updates that MyFitnessPal users have shared via Twitter. We investigate how certain features like user profile, fitness activity, and fitness network in social media can potentially impact the long-term engagement of fitness app users. We also discuss implications of our findings to achieve a better retention of these users and to promote more sharing of their status updates.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819921", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819921", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819921"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819921"}
{"title": "RichReview++: Deployment of a Collaborative Multi-modal Annotation System for Instructor Feedback and Peer Discussion", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Dongwook Yoon", "Nicholas Chen", "Bernie Randles", "Amy Cheatle", "Steven J. Jackson", "Corinna E. Löckenhoff", "Abigail Sellen", "François Guimbretière"], "abstract": "New multi-modal annotation tools hold the promise of bringing the benefits of face-to-face contact to remote, asynchronous interactions. One such system, RichReview++, incorporates new techniques to improve access to the embedded multimedia commentary and allows users to annotate with new modalities, like deictic gestures. We conducted a series of field deployments of RichReview++ to characterize how these features benefit students using them for activities in the university classroom. Our first deployment investigated the use of multi-modal annotations as a way for instructors to provide feedback on student term papers. Our second deployment used annotations to support peer discussion about assigned readings in a graduate-level course. We found that presenting voice comments as interactive waveforms seems to facilitate students' consumption of the instructor's voice comments. We also found that gestural annotations clarify voice and give annotators a quick and lightweight way to alter the scope of their voice comments. Based on these results, we suggest ways to best leverage multi-modal annotation tools in education environments.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819951", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819951", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819951"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819951"}
{"title": "Ask the Instructors: Motivations and Challenges of Teaching Massive Open Online Courses", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Saijing Zheng", "Pamela J. Wisniewski", "Mary Beth Rosson", "John M. Carroll"], "abstract": "Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have experienced rapid growth and attracted significant attention within aca-demia. However, despite widespread acceptance of MOOCs as a unique opportunity to transform educational practices, many questions remain regarding their sustainability, given the high dropout rates and challenges related to collabora-tive learning support [12]. Recent research has attempted to address these concerns by analyzing students' MOOC expe-riences and how MOOCs may fall short in meeting students' learning needs [41]. However, very little research has approached the problem from an instructor perspective. We report an interview study of 14 MOOC instructors in which we used grounded theory to uncover the complex processes, motivations, and challenges associated with teaching a MOOC. A key finding is that we should provide support through the whole instruction process. By enhancing sup-port for instructors and their MOOC collaborators, we may improve outcomes for all MOOC stakeholders, including students.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820082", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820082", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820082"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820082"}
{"title": "Impoverished Visions of Sustainability: Encouraging Disruption in Digital Learning Environments", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Eric M. Meyers", "Lisa P. Nathan"], "abstract": "Through this paper we step away from the proposition that there is one universally accepted notion of sustainability. We introduce the CSCW community to the scholarship of Anthony Weston, a philosopher who offers a way to acknowledge and leverage the plurality of values that inform conceptualizations of environmental sustainability. We use key themes from Weston's philosophy to analyze three social computing applications that employ tropes of sustainability, and explore their potential as sites of critical and disruptive discourse. Our focus is on openly or commercially available digital tools, simulations, and experiences that support the broader public, including children, learning about the environment and sustainability concepts. We posit that Weston's work provides an innovative framework for Sustainable HCI, one that is in alignment with the growing diversity of approaches to design in Sustainable HCI, alternatives to designing for tightly bounded problems and anticipated solutions.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819987", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819987", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819987"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819987"}
{"title": "Do Massive Open Online Course Platforms Support Employability?", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Tawanna R. Dillahunt", "Sandy Ng", "Michelle Fiesta", "Zengguang Wang"], "abstract": "Past research suggests that many individuals take Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) for employment-related reasons. It is unclear, however, how learners leverage MOOCs for employment and how effectively these platforms support employability. To explore this further, we surveyed 441 learners and interviewed 22 learners motivated to take MOOCs for reasons related to financial limitations and/or reasons related to employment. Using the three dimensions of employability as a framework-human and social capital, career identity, and personal adaptability-we find that while most of our participants were optimistic about the potential for MOOCs to improve their employability, there was very limited tangible evidence of employment mobility from taking MOOCs. Though MOOCs support human capital, there are opportunities to further support social capital, career identity, and personal adaptability. We contribute a deeper understanding of learners who use MOOCs for employment and provide concrete design implications for MOOC platforms to better support employability in the future. We found very few low SES learners using MOOCs for reasons of employment and identify opportunities for MOOCs to reach and support these learners.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819924", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819924", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819924"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819924"}
{"title": "Monitoring and Trust in Virtual Teams", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Lionel P. Robert"], "abstract": "This study was conducted to determine whether monitoring moderated the impact of trust on the project performance of 57 virtual teams. Two sources of monitoring were examined: internal monitoring done by team members and external monitoring done by someone outside of the team. Two types of trust were also examined: affective-based trust, or trust based on emotion; and cognitive trust, or trust based on competency. Results indicate that when internal monitoring was high, affective trust was associated with increases in performance. However, affective trust was associated with decreases in performance when external monitoring was high. Both types of monitoring reduced the strong positive relationship between cognitive trust and the performance of virtual teams. Results of this study provide new insights about monitoring and trust in virtual teams and inform both theory and design.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820076", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820076", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820076"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820076"}
{"title": "Personality Matters: Balancing for Personality Types Leads to Better Outcomes for Crowd Teams", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Ioanna Lykourentzou", "Angeliki Antoniou", "Yannick Naudet", "Steven P. Dow"], "abstract": "When personalities clash, teams operate less effectively. Personality differences affect face-to-face collaboration and may lower trust in virtual teams. For relatively short-lived assignments, like those of online crowdsourcing, personality matching could provide a simple, scalable strategy for effective team formation. However, it is not clear how (or if) personality differences affect teamwork in this novel context where the workforce is more transient and diverse. This study examines how personality compatibility in crowd teams affects performance and individual perceptions. Using the DISC personality test, we composed 14 five-person teams (N=70) with either a harmonious coverage of personalities (balanced) or a surplus of leader-type personalities (imbalanced). Results show that balancing for personality leads to significantly better performance on a collaborative task. Balanced teams exhibited less conflict and their members reported higher levels of satisfaction and acceptance. This work demonstrates a simple personality matching strategy for forming more effective teams in crowdsourcing contexts.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819979", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819979", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819979"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819979"}
{"title": "Embracing Cultural Diversity: Online Social Ties in Distributed Workgroups", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Wei Dong", "Kate Ehrlich", "Michael M. Macy", "Michael J. Muller"], "abstract": "Cross-cultural network ties have been shown to improve decision-making, creativity, conflict-resolution and use of collaborative technologies. Nevertheless, cultural barriers are difficult to overcome. We used data from an internal Social Networking System (SNS) in a large global company to see if membership in the same company might reduce the effect of cultural homophily. We found no effect. However, when we focused on members of 87 distributed workgroups, we found that the effect of cultural differences actually reversed, indicating greater cultural diversity in online friendship ties than observed in the company at large. We discuss alternative explanations for this finding and the implications for work environments in global companies.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2835198", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2835198", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2835198"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2835198"}
{"title": "Effects of Sensemaking Translucence on Distributed Collaborative Analysis", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Nitesh Goyal", "Susan R. Fussell"], "abstract": "Collaborative sensemaking requires that analysts share their information and insights with each other, but this process of sharing runs the risks of prematurely focusing the investigation on specific suspects. To address this tension, we propose and test an interface for collaborative crime analysis that aims to make analysts more aware of their sensemaking processes. We compare our sensemaking translucence interface to a standard interface without special sensemaking features in a controlled laboratory study. We found that the sensemaking translucence interface significantly improved clue finding and crime solving performance, but that analysts rated the interface lower on subjective measures than the standard interface. We conclude that designing for distributed sensemaking requires balancing task performance vs. user experience and real-time information sharing vs. data accuracy.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820071", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820071", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820071"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820071"}
{"title": "The Diffusion of Trust and Cooperation in Teams with Individuals¿ Variations on Baseline Trust", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Yi Wang", "David F. Redmiles"], "abstract": "Baseline trust, which refers to the personality aspect of trust and varies with different individuals, is essential for understanding the development of trust and cooperation in a team. At the same time, informal, non-work-related conversations (aka, cheap talk) have positive influences on the diffusion of trust and cooperation in global software engineering (GSE) practice. This paper seeks to develop an understanding of the influences of individuals' baseline trust on the diffusion of trust and cooperation, in the presence of cheap talk over the Internet. We employ a novel approach, designing a virtual experiment that integrates abstract agent-based modeling and simulation with realistic, empirical network structures and baseline trust data from two large open source projects (Lucene and Google Chromium OS). The results highlight the significant impact of baseline trust on the diffusion of trust and cooperation, for instance, the emergence of non-traditional diffusion trajectories. The results also demonstrate that proper seeding strategies can improve the effectiveness and efficiency of diffusion of trust and cooperation.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820064", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820064", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820064"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820064"}
{"title": "Vendors¿ Perspectives of Coordination in the Information Technology Offshore Outsourcing Industry: An Exploratory Study from the Philippines", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Aloha May Hufana Ambe", "Margot F. Brereton", "Markus Rittenbruch"], "abstract": "This study investigates how offshore information technology (IT) service providers (vendors) coordinate work with their clients (employers) in order to succeed in the global IT offshore outsourcing industry. We reviewed literature on coordination studies, interviewed offshore service providers in the Philippines, and used thematic analysis to analyse coordination practices from the point of view of these individual vendors in a newly industrialized country. We used Olson and Olson's framework on 'collaboration at a distance' as a lens to structure the results. The study provides an understanding of vendors' individual attitudes towards the coordination of distributed work and draws attention to how differences in power affect the work situation of vendors, and by implication all stakeholders. We offer this insight as a way to enhance existing CSCW frameworks, by imbuing them with the perspective of non-equal relationships. The study found that vendors were generally able to produce outputs that satisfy their clients, however these results were only achieved because individuals were willing to take risks and make sacrifices in their personal lives. The relationship was further characterised by a complex interplay between the client's control of the overall work arrangements and the vendors' ability to establish a level of autonomy in their work practices and their flexible use of coordination tools.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819991", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819991", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819991"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819991"}
{"title": "When Distance Doesn¿t Really Matter: Effects of Geographic Dispersion on Participation in Online Enterprise Communities", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Jeffrey Warshaw", "Steve Whittaker", "Tara Matthews", "Barton A. Smith"], "abstract": "Research on small team collaboration repeatedly shows that 'distance matters'. More recent work has refined this concept of distance to develop geographic dispersion measures to explain the negative effects that team configuration has on productivity and interaction. Dispersion measures explain why teams distributed across multiple time zones, or across multiple sites, have more coordination difficulties than collocated teams with a single remote member. Although larger online communities are increasingly used in enterprises, few studies have examined the effects of dispersion on community behavior. We studied 1206 online enterprise communities (OECs), each using a set of collaborative tools. We present new data showing counter-intuitively that OEC dispersion does not affect content generation or contribution inequality, even when restricting community size to those that most resemble small teams (with 3-12 members). We found that previously documented negative effects of geographic dispersion seem to be reduced in enterprise communities regardless of size. Our results provide additional support to prior case studies suggesting that online communities can mitigate geographic dispersion by providing resources that support coordination and resource sharing.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2835237", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2835237", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2835237"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2835237"}
{"title": "Work and Play: An Experiment in Enterprise Gamification", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Laurentiu Catalin Stanculescu", "Alessandro Bozzon", "Robert-Jan Sips", "Geert-Jan Houben"], "abstract": "In recent years, gamification, “the use of game design elements in non-game contexts”, has drawn the attention of an increasing number of scientists. Although several studies highlighted the benefits of gamification in many applications, its potential in the \\emph{enterprise} environment still needs to be fully understood.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820061", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820061", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820061"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820061"}
{"title": "Strangers on Your Phone: Why People Use Anonymous Communication Applications", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Ruogu Kang", "Laura A. Dabbish", "Katherine Sutton"], "abstract": "Anonymity online is important to people at times in their lives. Anonymous communication applications such as Whisper and YikYak enable people to communicate with strangers anonymously through their smartphones. We report results from semi-structured interviews with 18 users of these apps. The goal of our study was to identify why and how people use anonymous apps, their perceptions of their audience and interactions on the apps, and how these apps compare with other online social communities. We present a typology of the content people share, and their motivations for participation in anonymous apps. People share various types of content that range from deep confessions and secrets to lighthearted jokes and momentary feelings. An important driver for participation and posting is to get social validation from others, even though they are anonymous strangers. We also find that participants believe these anonymous apps allow more honesty, openness, and diversity of opinion than they can find elsewhere. Our results provide implications for how anonymity in mobile apps can encourage expressiveness and interaction among users.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820081", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820081", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820081"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820081"}
{"title": "The Role of Digital Technologies During Relationship Breakdowns", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Wendy Moncur", "Lorna Gibson", "Daniel Herron"], "abstract": "Relationship breakdowns are undoubtedly difficult. Access to and use of technology can exacerbate the situation. In our networked society, shared lives generate vast amounts of shared digital data which can be difficult to untangle, whilst social media can provide an outlet to emotions that can take a public and often persistent form. In this paper, we report on a qualitative study that considered the role of technology in the process of a relationship breaking down. Four main themes emerged in our findings: communicating about the separation, change in social status, shared digital assets, and moving on. Opportunities for design are identified in reducing misunderstandings via CMCs, enhancing social media, supporting intimacy in distributed families, and refining service provision.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819925", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819925", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819925"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819925"}
{"title": "On the bias: Self-esteem biases across communication channels during romantic couple conflict", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Lauren E. Scissors", "Darren Gergle"], "abstract": "Are one's individual biases stronger when mediated communication is used? This paper examines the role of self-esteem-related biases and communication channel during romantic couple conflict. Romantic couples communicated about a conflict either face-to-face (FtF) or via instant messenger (IM). Results revealed that for people with lower levels of self-esteem, their negative biases were triggered when they communicated with their partners via IM; people with lower levels of self-esteem had more negative assessments of the conflict discussion and of the impact of the discussion on the relationship when communicating via IM than when communicating FtF. At a theoretical level, this work deepens our understanding of how individual difference variables like self-esteem impact how individuals process information and communicate via technology. At a practical level, findings suggest that the use of mediated communication during conflict is more harmful to certain individuals than to others.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820080", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820080", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820080"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820080"}
{"title": "Mobile Media Matters: Media Use and Relationship Satisfaction among Geographically Close Dating Couples", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Catalina L. Toma", "Mina Choi"], "abstract": "Much research has investigated the uses and effects of new communication technologies in long-distance romantic relationships. Comparatively, however, the importance of these technologies within geographically close romantic relationships has been overlooked. The present study fills in this gap by examining the prevalence of media use in this context and its association with relational well-being. A survey of heterosexual undergraduates involved in proximal dating relationships (N = 211) shows that they used mobile media (phone calls, texting) to a significant extent to connect with partners on a daily basis, and that they reported high quality of communication when using these media. Further, the quality, but not quantity, of mobile communication was associated with partner idealization which, in turn, was associated with relational satisfaction. The results support and extend the Hyperpersonal model of online communication, and contribute to elucidating user practices and media effects within the critical domain of romantic relationships.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2835204", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2835204", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2835204"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2835204"}
{"title": "MarathOn Multiscreen: Group Television Watching and Interaction in a Viewing Ecology", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Edward Anstead", "Steve Benford", "Robert J. Houghton"], "abstract": "This paper reports and discusses the findings of an exploratory study into collaborative user practice with a multiscreen television application. MarathOn Multiscreen allows users to view, share and curate amateur and professional video footage of a community marathon event. Our investigations focused on collaborative sharing practices across different viewing activities and devices, the roles taken by different devices in a viewing ecology, and observations on how users consume professional and amateur content. Our Work uncovers significant differences in user behaviour and collaboration when engaged in more participatory viewing activities, such as sorting and ranking footage, which has implications for awareness of other users' interactions while viewing together and alone. In addition, user appreciation and use of amateur video content is dependent not only on quality and activity but their personal involvement in the contents.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820003", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820003", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820003"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820003"}
{"title": "To Beam or Not to Beam: A Study of Remote Telepresence Attendance at an Academic Conference", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Carman Neustaedter", "Gina Venolia", "Jason Procyk", "Dan Hawkins"], "abstract": "Attending and presenting at conferences is a core part of academic and industrial research. Yet it can sometimes be challenging to attend conferences due to travel restrictions, time limitations, or accessibility challenges. To understand how people may be able to attend conferences remotely, we explored the use of commercial telepresence robots called Beams at Ubicomp/ISWC 2014. Seven people attended the conference remotely and used Beams to attend presentations, ask questions, and participate in break mingling activities. We collected data of their activities and conducted an online survey with the broader set of conference attendees. Results show that telepresence robots supported attendance at a basic level and even empowered those with accessibility challenges. However, issues related to identity, interaction, navigation, and privacy emerged. We present recommendations for future telepresence attendance at conferences focused on balancing these concerns with the benefits participants received.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819922", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819922", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819922"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819922"}
{"title": "Distributed Liveness: Understanding How New Technologies Transform Performance Experiences", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Andrew M. Webb", "Chen Wang", "Andruid Kerne", "Pablo César"], "abstract": "We identify emerging phenomena of distributed liveness, involving new relationships among performers, audiences, and technology. Liveness is a recent, technology-based construct, which refers to experiencing an event in real-time with the possibility for shared social realities. Distributed liveness entails multiple forms of physical, spatial, and social co-presence between performers and audiences across physical and virtual spaces. We interviewed expert performers about how they experience liveness in physically co-present and distributed settings. Findings show that distributed performances and technology need to support flexible social co-presence and new methods for sensing subtle audience responses and conveying engagement abstractly.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819974", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819974", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819974"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819974"}
{"title": "On the Wisdom of Experts vs. Crowds: Discovering Trustworthy Topical News in Microblogs", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Muhammad Bilal Zafar", "Parantapa Bhattacharya", "Niloy Ganguly", "Saptarshi Ghosh", "Krishna P. Gummadi"], "abstract": "Extracting news on specific topics from the Twitter microblogging site poses formidable challenges, which include handling millions of tweets posted daily, judging topicality and importance of tweets, and ensuring trustworthiness of results in the face of spam. To date, all scalable approaches have relied on crowd wisdom, i.e., keyword-matching on the global tweet stream to gather relevant tweets, and crowd- endorsements to judge the importance of tweets. We propose a fundamentally different methodology -- for a given topic, we identify trustworthy experts on the topic, and extract news-stories that are most popular among the experts. Comparing the crowd-based and expert-based methodologies, we demonstrate that the news-stories obtained by our methodology (i) have higher relevance for a wide variety of topics, (ii) achieve very high coverage of important news-stories posted globally in Twitter, and (iii) are far more trustworthy. Using our methodology, we implemented and publicly deployed a topical news system for Twitter, which can extract news-stories on thousands of topics.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819968", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819968", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819968"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819968"}
{"title": "Keeping Up with the Tweet-dashians: The Impact of 'Official' Accounts on Online Rumoring", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Cynthia A. Andrews", "Elodie S. Fichet", "Yuwei Ding", "Emma S. Spiro", "Kate Starbird"], "abstract": "This paper examines how 'official' accounts participate in the propagation and correction of online rumors in the context of crisis events. Using an emerging method for interpretive analysis of 'big' social data, we investigate the spread of online rumors through digital traces-in this case, tweets. Our study suggests that official accounts can help to slow the spread of a rumor by posting a denial, and-supported by reflections from an organization that recently dealt with a rumor-crisis-offers best practices for organizations around social media strategies and protocols. Based on tweet data and connections to existing literature, we also demonstrate and discuss how mainstream media participate in rumoring, and note the role of a new breed of online media, 'breaking news' accounts. This analysis offers a complementary perspective to existing studies that use surveys and interviews to characterize the role official accounts play in online rumoring.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819986", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819986", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819986"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819986"}
{"title": "How Information Snowballs: Exploring the Role of Exposure in Online Rumor Propagation", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Ahmer Arif", "Kelley Shanahan", "Fang-Ju Chou", "Yoanna Dosouto", "Kate Starbird", "Emma S. Spiro"], "abstract": "In this paper we highlight three distinct approaches to studying rumor dynamics-volume, exposure, and content production. Expanding upon prior work, which has focused on rumor volume, we argue that considering the size of the exposed population is a vital component of understanding rumoring. Additionally, by combining all three approaches we discover subtle features of rumoring behavior that would have been missed by applying each approach in isolation. Using a case study of rumoring on Twitter during a hostage crisis in Sydney, Australia, we apply a mixed-methods framework to explore rumoring and its consequences through these three lenses, focusing on the added dimension of exposure in particular. Our approach demonstrates the importance of considering both rumor content and the people engaging with rumor content to arrive at a more holistic understanding of communication dynamics. These results have implications for emergency responders and official use of social media during crisis management.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819964", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819964", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819964"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819964"}
{"title": "Data Narratives: uncovering tensions in personal data management", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Janet Vertesi", "Jofish Kaye", "Samantha N. Jarosewski", "Vera D. Khovanskaya", "Jenna Song"], "abstract": "We present an interview study of 34 participants in the US and Korea who described how they manage their personal data, from work files to family photos. Through their 'data narratives' - accounts of their data management practices, including device usage patterns and negotiations with system and brand ecosystems' we explore how individuals negotiate a complex, multi-service, and morally-charged sociotechnical landscape, balancing demands to share and to safeguard their data in appropriate ways against a shifting background of changing technologies, relationships, individuals, and corporations. We describe the guiding framework that people use to make decisions as a 'moral economy' of data management, contributing to our understanding of context-specific system choices.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820017", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820017", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820017"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820017"}
{"title": "\"This has to be the cats\" - Personal Data Legibility in Networked Sensing Systems", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Peter Tolmie", "Andy Crabtree", "Tom Rodden", "James A. Colley", "Ewa Luger"], "abstract": "Notions like 'Big Data' and the 'Internet of Things' turn upon anticipated harvesting of personal data through ubiquitous computing and networked sensing systems. It is largely presumed that understandings of people's everyday interactions will be relatively easy to 'read off' of such data and that this, in turn, poses a privacy threat. An ethnographic study of how people account for sensed data to third parties uncovers serious challenges to such ideas. The study reveals that the legibility of sensor data turns upon various orders of situated reasoning involved in articulating the data and making it accountable. Articulation work is indispensable to personal data sharing and raises real requirements for networked sensing systems premised on the harvesting of personal data.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819992", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819992", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819992"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819992"}
{"title": "Networked Privacy Management in Facebook: A Mixed-Methods and Multinational Study", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Hichang Cho", "Anna Filippova"], "abstract": "Users of social network services (SNSs) have to cope with a new set of privacy challenges because personal information on an SNS is often co-owned and co-managed by various distributed social ties. Using a multi-methods and multinational approach, we investigated Facebook users' privacy behavior by focusing on how they co-manage private information. Our findings from focus-group interviews (n = 28) and online surveys (n = 299) suggest that Facebook users primarily apply four different practices of privacy management: collaborative strategies, corrective strategies, preventive strategies, and information control. The four dimensions of privacy management display selective relationships with theoretical antecedents (e.g., self-efficacy, collective-efficacy, attitudes, privacy concern), indicating that each behavior is motivated by a different combination of conditions. Implications for research and practice are discussed.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819996", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819996", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819996"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819996"}
{"title": "SunForum: Understanding Depression in a Chinese Online Community", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Guo Li", "Xiaomu Zhou", "Tun Lu", "Jiang Yang", "Ning Gu"], "abstract": "More than 350 million people worldwide suffer from depression. Major depressive disorder has a hugely negative impact on psychological well-being, work, and family life. Yet culture may shape how depressed patients interpret their symptoms, choose treatments, and behave. This paper reports a case study, including participant observations and interviews, of the Chinese online depression community, SunForum. Our findings reveal that Chinese cultural beliefs (e.g., the power of inner self-control) and Chinese beliefs about traditional medicine (e.g., the integrated body-mind relationship) significantly affect patients' understandings of depression, illness management, and social interactions. These beliefs create problems of understanding depression in society - including family members, friends, co-workers, and others - and present various challenges for depressed patients who can become marginalized, suffer discrimination, and lose their jobs. We draw implications for how Chinese society as a whole may respond to the misunderstanding of mental illness and the raising of public awareness. We also propose specific social media design to support depressed patients as they seek online information and social support.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819994", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819994", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819994"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819994"}
{"title": "Surveillance & Modesty on Social Media: How Qataris Navigate Modernity and Maintain Tradition", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Sarah Vieweg", "Adam Hodges"], "abstract": null, "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819966", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819966", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819966"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819966"}
{"title": "Examining American and Chinese Internet Users¿ Contextual Privacy Preferences of Behavioral Advertising", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Yang Wang", "Huichuan Xia", "Yun Huang"], "abstract": "Online Behavioral Advertising (OBA), which involves tracking people's online behaviors, raises serious privacy concerns. We present results from a scenario-based online survey study on American and Chinese Internet users' privacy preferences of OBA. Since privacy is context-dependent, we investigated the effects of country (US vs. China), activity (e.g., online shopping vs. online banking), and platform (desktop/laptop vs. mobile app) on people's willingness to share their information for OBA. We found that American respondents were significantly less willing to share their data and had more specific concerns than their Chinese counterparts. We situate these differences in the broader historical, legal, and social scenes of these countries. We also found that respondents' OBA preferences varied significantly across different online activities, suggesting the potential of context-aware privacy tools for OBA. However, we did not find a significant effect of platform on people's OBA preferences. Lastly, we discuss design implications for privacy tools.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819941", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819941", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819941"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819941"}
{"title": "Capturing Turn-by-Turn Lexical Similarity in Text-Based Communication", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Noah Liebman", "Darren Gergle"], "abstract": "Speakers often come to use similar words during conversation; that is, they come to exhibit lexical similarity. The extent to which this occurs is associated with many positive social outcomes. However, existing measures of lexical similarity are either highly labor intensive or too coarse in their temporal resolution. This limits the ability of researchers to study lexical similarity as it unfolds over the course of a conversation. We present a fully automated metric for tracking lexical similarity over time, and demonstrate it on individual conversations, explore general trends in aggregate conversational dynamics, and examine differences in how similarity tracks over time in groups with differing social outcomes.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820062", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820062", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820062"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820062"}
{"title": "To Reply or To Reply All: Understanding Replying Behavior in Group Email Communication", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Sukeshini A. Grandhi", "Lyndsey Lanagan-Leitzel"], "abstract": "“Reply” and “Reply All” buttons in email provide the convenience of a quick reply to those included in the email. Yet this very convenience can be troublesome to both the individual and the group involved if receivers intentionally or unintentionally hit one button instead of the other. In this paper we explore how replying decisions are made and what contributes to erroneous use of Reply All through an experimental study (N=109) and a survey study (N=112). Data from the experiment suggest that errors are not influenced by how the reply button suite is arranged but rather by the explicitness of the desired response action and how multiple recipients are displayed. Qualitative data from the survey suggest that while people are cognizant of Reply All misuse, lack of universally agreed upon criteria for appropriate Reply/Reply All choice leads to errors. We discuss the implications of these insights for email interface design.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819981", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819981", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819981"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819981"}
{"title": "It¿s (Not) Simply a Matter of Time: The Relationship Between CMC Cues and Interpersonal Affinity", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Noah Liebman", "Darren Gergle"], "abstract": "Nonverbal, paralinguistic cues such as punctuation and emoticons are believed to be one of the mechanisms through which interpersonal relationship development takes place in text-based interactions. We use a novel experimental apparatus to manipulate these cues in a live Instant Message conversation. Results show a positive causal relationship of conversation duration and cue use on perceived affinity, and the relationship is contingent upon whether or not partners are able to see each other's cues. Further analysis of the dialogue reveals that reciprocity may play a central role in supporting this effect. We then demonstrate how one's cue use is influenced by a partner's cue use, and show that cues are often used in greeting and sign-off rituals.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819945", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819945", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819945"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819945"}
{"title": "Toward Automatic Bootstrapping of Online Communities Using Decision-theoretic Optimization", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Shih-Wen Huang", "Jonathan Bragg", "Isaac Cowhey", "Oren Etzioni", "Daniel S. Weld"], "abstract": "Successful online communities (e.g., Wikipedia, Yelp, and StackOverflow) can produce valuable content. However, many communities fail in their initial stages. Starting an online community is challenging because there is not enough content to attract a critical mass of active members. This paper examines methods for addressing this cold-start problem in datamining-bootstrappable communities by attracting non-members to contribute to the community. We make four contributions: 1) we characterize a set of communities that are “datamining-bootstrappable” and define the bootstrapping problem in terms of decision-theoretic optimization, 2) we estimate the model parameters in a case study involving the Open AI Resources website, 3) we demonstrate that non-members' predicted interest levels and request design are important features that can significantly affect the contribution rate, and 4) we ran a simulation experiment using data generated with the learned parameters and show that our decision-theoretic optimization algorithm can generate as much community utility when bootstrapping the community as our strongest baseline while issuing only 55% as many contribution requests.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820024", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820024", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820024"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820024"}
{"title": "Early Activity Diversity: Assessing Newcomer Retention from First-Session Activity", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Raghav Pavan Karumur", "Tien T. Nguyen", "Joseph A. Konstan"], "abstract": "Online communities suffer serious newcomer attrition. This paper explores whether and how early activity diversity - the degree to which a newcomer engages in a wide range of a site's activities in the first session - is associated with their longevity. We introduce a metric (DSCORE) to characterize early activity diversity in online sites and run our analyses on an online community ‘MovieLens’. We find that DSCORE is significant both by itself and in conjunction with a measure of quantity of activity in predicting longevity. This finding is robust to different measures of longevity (aggregate number of sessions and attritions after sessions 1, 5, and 10). The immediate implication is an effective classifier for identifying users with higher (or lower) expected longevity from the first-session activity. We also find DSCORE is more useful than a traditional measure of measuring diversity such as the Gini-Simpson index. We conclude by discussing how early activity diversity may be more broadly effective in supporting design and management of online communities.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820009", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820009", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820009"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820009"}
{"title": "One and Done: Factors affecting one-time contributors to ad-hoc online communities", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Brian James McInnis", "Elizabeth Lindley Murnane", "Dmitry Epstein", "Dan Cosley", "Gilly Leshed"], "abstract": "Often, attention to “community” focuses on motivating core members or helping newcomers become regulars. However, much of the traffic to online communities comes from people who visit only briefly. We hypothesize that their personal characteristics, design elements of the site, and others' activity all affect the contributions these \"one-timers\" make. We present the results from an experiment asking Amazon Mechanical Turk (“AMT”) workers to comment on the AMT participation agreement in a discussion forum. One-timers with stronger ties to other Turkers or feelings of trust for Amazon are more likely to leave more --- but shorter and less relevant --- comments, while those with higher self-efficacy leave longer and more relevant comments. The phrasing of prompts also matters; a general appeal for personally-reflective contributions leads to comments that are less relevant to community discussion topics. Finally, activity matters too; synchronous activity begets responses, while pre-existing content tends to suppress them. These findings suggest design moves that can help communities harness this “long tail” of contribution.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820075", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820075", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820075"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820075"}
{"title": "Which Way Did They Go? Newcomer Movement through the Zooniverse", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Corey Jackson", "Carsten S. Østerlund", "Veronica Maidel", "Kevin Crowston", "Gabriel H. Mugar"], "abstract": "Research on newcomer roles in peer production sites (e.g., Wikipedia) is characterized by a broad and relatively well articulated set of functionally and culturally recognizable roles. But not all communities come with well-defined roles that newcomers can aspire to occupy. The present study explores activity clusters newcomers create when faced with few recognizable roles to fill and limited access to other participants' work that serves as an exemplar. Drawing on a mixed method research design, we present findings from an analysis of 1,687 newcomers' sessions in an online citizen science project. Our analysis revealed three major findings: (1) newcomers' activities exists across six session types; (2) newcomers toggle between light work sessions and more involved types of production or community engagement; (3) high-level contributors contribute large volumes of work but comment very little and another group contributes large volumes of comments, but works very little. The former group draws heavily on posts contributed by the latter group. Identifying shifts and regularities in contribution facilitate improved mechanisms for engaging participants and for the design of online citizen science communities.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2835197", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2835197", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2835197"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2835197"}
{"title": "Crystallize: An Immersive, Collaborative Game for Second Language Learning", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Gabriel Culbertson", "Erik Andersen", "Walker M. White", "Daniel Zhang", "Malte F. Jung"], "abstract": "Learning a second language is challenging. Becoming fluent requires learning contextual information about how language should be used as well as word meanings and grammar. The majority of existing language learning applications provide only thin context around content. In this paper, we present Crystallize, a collaborative 3D game that provides rich context along with scaffolded learning and engaging gameplay mechanics. Players collaborate through joint tasks, or quests. We present a user study with 42 participants that examined the impact of low and high levels of task interdependence on language learning experience and outcomes. We found that requiring players to help each other led to improved collaborative partner interactions, learning outcomes, and gameplay. A detailed analysis of the chat-logs further revealed that changes in task interdependence affected learning behaviors.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820020", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820020", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820020"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820020"}
{"title": "Uses of Multiple Characters in Online Games and Their Implications for Social Network Methods", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Alex Leavitt", "Joshua A. Clark", "Dennis R. Wixon"], "abstract": "In most sociotechnical systems, individuals are tracked through user accounts. This paper explores the various ways in which people create and use multiple user representations, specifically in online games. Using 8 years of population data from a popular multiplayer online game, EVE Online, we examine how multiple character creation and use occurs at scale and how operationalization of individuals between accounts and characters impacts methods. We suggest that conceptualizing participants in online games based on the assumption that one character equals one individual can lead to incorrect analyses regarding the demographics or behaviors of the population. Additionally, social network analysis suggests that a character-centric, rather than account-level, viewpoint can change the results of statistical relationships with network metrics such as eigenvector centrality.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819980", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819980", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819980"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819980"}
{"title": "Can Visualization of Contributions Support Fairness in Collaboration? Findings from Meters in an Online Game", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Ryan Kelly", "Leon A. Watts", "Stephen J. Payne"], "abstract": "In this paper we consider how visualizations might support judgements about fairness in collaborative work. We present a qualitative investigation of meters, existing artefacts that enable awareness of contributions in the online game World of Warcraft. Through in-depth interviews with game players, we draw attention to the value of meters as tools for self-reflection and group evaluation. Yet we also describe problematic consequences that arise as a result of meters, distinguishing their usage as in-the-moment awareness tools from instruments used after the fact to apportion credit and blame. We argue that representations like meters may be enough to provoke initial questions about fairness, but are likely to undermine the efforts of collaborators if they fail to combine a set of indices that reflect important aspects of individual work in the context of team activity. We consider broader lessons for the way in which future designs might aim to support fairness in collaborative systems, pointing to multidimensional mechanisms adapted specifically to real-time or retrospective usage.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819977", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819977", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819977"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819977"}
{"title": "Virtual Team Networks: How Group Social Capital Affects Team Success in a Massively Multiplayer Online Game", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Grace A. Benefield", "Cuihua Shen", "Alex Leavitt"], "abstract": "Virtual teams have become a ubiquitous form of organizing, but the impact of social structures within and between teams on group performance remains understudied. This paper uses the case study of a massively multiplayer online game and server log data from over 10,000 players to examine the connection between group social capital (operationalized through guild network structure measures) and team effectiveness, given a variety of in-game social networks. Three different networks, social, task, and exchange networks, are compared and contrasted while controlling for group size, group age, and player experience. Team effectiveness is maximized at a roughly moderate level of closure across the networks, suggesting that this is the optimal level of the group's network density. Guilds with high brokerage, meaning they have diverse connections with other groups, were more effective in achievement-oriented networks. In addition, guilds with central leaders were more effective when they teamed up with other guild leaders.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819935", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819935", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819935"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819935"}
{"title": "Thousands of Positive Reviews: Distributed Mentoring in Online Fan Communities", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Julie Ann Campbell", "Cecilia R. Aragon", "Katie Davis", "Sarah A. Evans", "Abigail Evans", "David P. Randall"], "abstract": "Young people worldwide are participating in ever-increasing numbers in online fan communities. Far from mere shallow repositories of pop culture, these sites are accumulating significant evidence that sophisticated informal learning is taking place online in novel and unexpected ways. In order to understand and analyze in more detail how learning might be occurring, we conducted an in-depth nine-month ethnographic investigation of online fanfiction communities, including participant observation and fanfiction author interviews. Our observations led to the development of a theory we term distributed mentoring, which we present in detail in this paper. Distributed mentoring exemplifies one instance of how networked technology affords new extensions of behaviors that were previously bounded by time and space. Distributed mentoring holds potential for application beyond the spontaneous mentoring observed in this investigation and may help students receive diverse, thoughtful feedback in formal learning environments as well.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819934", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819934", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819934"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819934"}
{"title": "The Effects and Antecedents of Conflict in Free and Open Source Software Development", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Anna Filippova", "Hichang Cho"], "abstract": "Conflict is an important group process, and more so in self-organizing teams with fluid boundaries and high possibility for turnover. We empirically investigate different types of conflict in Free and Open Source Software development teams, their antecedents and impact on developers&' sustained participation. Following a survey of 222 FOSS developers, we find conflict to have an overall negative effect on developer retention. Furthermore, different types of conflict have varying impact on outcomes. In particular, only normative conflict levels negatively impact intention to remain in a FOSS project. Both normative and process conflict negatively affect perceptions of team performance, while the co-occurrence of task and process conflict exacerbate negative effects on outcomes. Though we find structural factors like task interdependence and geographical distribution increase overall conflict levels in FOSS teams, participatory decision-making and a transformational leadership style have an ameliorating effect. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820018", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820018", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820018"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820018"}
{"title": "Effectiveness of Conflict Management Strategies in Peer Review Process of Online Collaboration Projects", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Wenjian Huang", "Tun Lu", "Haiyi Zhu", "Guo Li", "Ning Gu"], "abstract": "In online collaboration projects, conflicts often arise in the peer review process, due to the disagreement over whether one's contribution should be accepted. These conflicts generally have detrimental effects on contributors' continuing participation in the community. Few studies have investigated how to manage these conflicts effectively. This paper aims to examine the effectiveness of three strategies - rational explanation, constructive suggestion, and social encouragement - in managing conflicts. In an analysis of 170 online software development projects, we investigated how different conflict management strategies aimed at handling contributors' arguments during the peer review process influenced their subsequent participation in the projects. The results show that (i) conflicts significantly increase contributors' likelihood of leaving the communities; (ii) neither rational explanations nor social encouragement could reduce the negative consequences of conflicts; (iii) only constructive suggestions have a positive effect in retaining the contributors.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819950", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819950", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819950"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819950"}
{"title": "A Contingency View of Transferring and Adapting Best Practices within Online Communities", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Haiyi Zhu", "Robert E. Kraut", "Aniket Kittur"], "abstract": "Online communities, much like companies in the business world, often need to transfer 'best practices' internally from one unit to another to improve their performance. Organizational scholars disagree about how much a recipient unit should modify a best practice when incorporating it. Some evidence indicates that modifying a practice that has been successful in one environment will introduce problems, undercut its effectiveness and harm the performance of the recipient unit. Other evidence, though, suggests that recipients need to adapt the practice to fit their local environment. The current research introduces a contingency perspective on practice transfer, holding that the value of modifications depends on when they are introduced and who introduces them. Empirical research on the transfer of a quality-improvement practice between projects within Wikipedia shows that modifications are more helpful if they are introduced after the receiving project has had experience with the imported practice. Furthermore, modifications are more effective if they are introduced by members who have experience in a variety of other projects.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819976", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819976", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819976"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819976"}
{"title": "Crafting the Image in Surgical Telemedicine", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Helena M. Mentis", "Ahmed Rahim", "Pierre Theodore"], "abstract": "In the past few years, surgical telemedicine has emerged as a promising answer to the increasing needs of everyday surgical collaboration and education. The implicit desire is to allow a remote surgeon to see the body as the local surgeon does in order to engage in shared decision-making or instruction. With this paper we take a step back by discussing the productive and cross-referential nature of surgical practice and image use. We discuss how it is not simply a case of transferring recorded video, but rather a new practice is instantiated in creating a view of the body for the remote surgeon. In order to investigate these practices for capturing and using video, we have deployed a head-mounted video camera (via the Google Glass) in six transplant organ recovery assessments. Drawing on observations and analysis of the video recordings, we examine how the transmitting surgeon crafts a view for the remote surgeon in order to facilitate the co-construction of knowledge and shared decision making. We use these findings to discuss further design directions for video use in expert telecommunication.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819978", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819978", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819978"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819978"}
{"title": "Partners in Care: Design Considerations for Caregivers and Patients During a Hospital Stay", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Andrew D. Miller", "Sonali R. Mishra", "Logan Kendall", "Shefali Haldar", "Ari H. Pollack", "Wanda Pratt"], "abstract": "Informal caregivers, such as close friends and family, play an important role in a hospital patient's care. Although CSCW researchers have shown the potential for social computing technologies to help patients and their caregivers manage chronic conditions and support health behavior change, few studies focus on caregivers' role during a multi-day hospital stay. To explore this space, we conducted an interview and observation study of patients and caregivers in the inpatient setting. In this paper, we describe how caregivers and patients coordinate and collaborate to manage patients' care and wellbeing during a hospital stay. We define and describe five roles caregivers adopt: companion, assistant, representative, navigator, and planner, and show how patients and caregivers negotiate these roles and responsibilities throughout a hospital stay. Finally, we identify key design considerations for technology to support patients and caregivers during a hospital stay.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819983", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819983", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819983"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819983"}
{"title": "Boundary Negotiating Artifacts in Personal Informatics: Patient-Provider Collaboration with Patient-Generated Data", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Chia-Fang Chung", "Kristin Dew", "Allison M. Cole", "Jasmine Zia", "James A. Fogarty", "Julie A. Kientz", "Sean A. Munson"], "abstract": "Patient-generated data is increasingly common in chronic disease care management. Smartphone applications and wearable sensors help patients more easily collect health information. However, current commercial tools often do not effectively support patients and providers in collaboration surrounding these data. This paper examines patient expectations and current collaboration practices around patient-generated data. We survey 211 patients, interview 18 patients, and re-analyze a dataset of 21 provider interviews. We find that collaboration occurs in every stage of self- tracking and that patients and providers create boundary negotiating artifacts to support the collaboration. Building upon current practices with patient-generated data, we use these theories of patient and provider collaboration to analyze misunderstandings and privacy concerns as well as identify opportunities to better support these collaborations. We reflect on the social nature of patient-provider collaboration to suggest future development of the stage-based model of personal informatics and the theory of boundary negotiating artifacts.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819926", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819926", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819926"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819926"}
{"title": "Designing for Those who are Overlooked ¿ Insider Perspectives on Care Practices and Cooperative Work of Elderly Informal Caregivers", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Marén Schorch", "Lin Wan", "David William Randall", "Volker Wulf"], "abstract": "This paper focuses on the complex and intimate setting of domestic home care. The majority of care for chronically ill people is realized by non-professionals, the relatives, who are often overlooked. Many of these informal caregivers are also elderly and face multiple, seriously demanding challenges in the context of informal care 24/7. In order to support this increasing user group, their cooperative work and coordination adequately, it is essential to gain a better understanding of their care practices and needs. This paper is based on ethnography in ten households in Germany. It combines data from the analysis of participant observations over eight months, interviews and cultural probes. Besides detailed descriptions of two cases, the central features of informal care experience and implications for design are discussed: the self-concept of the caregivers as being care experts, the need for social support, timing issues and coordination with other actors in this field.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819999", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819999", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819999"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819999"}
{"title": "Campus-Scale Mobile Crowd-Tasking: Deployment & Behavioral Insights", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Thivya Kandappu", "Archan Misra", "Shih-Fen Cheng", "Nikita Jaiman", "Randy Tandriansyah", "Cen Chen", "Hoong Chuin Lau", "Deepthi Chander", "Koustuv Dasgupta"], "abstract": "Mobile crowd-tasking markets are growing at an unprecedented rate with increasing number of smartphone users. Such platforms differ from their online counterparts in that they demand physical mobility and can benefit from smartphone processors and sensors for verification purposes. Despite the importance of such mobile crowd-tasking markets, little is known about the labor supply dynamics and mobility patterns of the users. In this paper we design, develop and experiment with a real-world mobile crowd-tasking platform, called TA$Ker. Our contributions are two-fold: (a) We develop TA$Ker, a system that allows us to empirically study the worker responses to push vs. pull strategies for task recommendation and selection. (b) We evaluate our system via experimentation with 80 real users on our campus, over a 4 week period with a corpus of over 1000 tasks. We then provide an in-depth analysis of labor supply, worker behavior & task selection preferences (including the phenomenon of super agents who complete large portions of the tasks) and the efficacy of push-based approaches that recommend tasks based on predicted movement patterns of individual workers.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819995", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819995", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819995"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819995"}
{"title": "Botivist: Calling Volunteers to Action using Online Bots", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Saiph Savage", "Andrés Monroy-Hernández", "Tobias Höllerer"], "abstract": "To help activists call new volunteers to action, we present Botivist: a platform that uses Twitter bots to find potential volunteers and request contributions. By leveraging different Twitter accounts, Botivist employs different strategies to encourage participation. We explore how people respond to bots calling them to action using a test case about corruption in Latin America. Our results show that the majority of volunteers (80\\%) who responded to Botivist's calls to action contributed relevant proposals to address the assigned social problem. Different strategies produced differences in the quantity and relevance of contributions. Some strategies that work well offline and face-to-face appeared to hinder people's participation when used by an online bot. We analyze user behavior in response to being approached by bots with an activist purpose. We also provide strong evidence for the value of this type of civic media, and derive design implications.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819985", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819985", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819985"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819985"}
{"title": "You Get Who You Pay for: The Impact of Incentives on Participation Bias", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Gary Hsieh", "Rafal Kocielnik"], "abstract": "Designing effective incentives is a challenge across many social computing contexts, from attracting crowdworkers to sustaining online contributions. However, one aspect of incentivizing that has been understudied is its impact on participation bias, as different incentives may attract different subsets of the population to participate. In this paper, we present two empirical studies in the crowdworking context that show that the incentive offered influence who participates in the task. Using the Basic Human Values, we found that a lottery reward attracted participants who held stronger openness-to-change values while a charity reward attracted those with stronger self-transcendence orientation. Further, we found that participation self-selection resulted in differences in the task outcomes. Through attracting more self-directed individuals, the lottery reward resulted in more ideas generated in a brainstorming task. Design implications include utilizing rewards to target desired participants and using diverse incentives to improve participation diversity.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819936", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819936", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819936"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819936"}
{"title": "Assignment Techniques for Crowdsourcing Sensitive Tasks", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["L. Elisa Celis", "Sai Praneeth Reddy", "Ishaan Preet Singh", "Shailesh Vaya"], "abstract": "Protecting the privacy of crowd workers has been an important topic in crowdsourcing, however, task privacy has largely been ignored despite the fact that many tasks, e.g., form digitization, live audio transcription or image tagging often contain sensitive information. Although assigning an entire job to a worker may leak private information, jobs can often be split into small components that individually do not. We study the problem of distributing such tasks to workers with the goal of maximizing task privacy using such an approach.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2835202", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2835202", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2835202"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2835202"}
{"title": "Identity Work on Social Media Sites: Disadvantaged College Students' First Year College Transition", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Tsubasa Morioka", "Nicole B. Ellison", "Michael Geoffrey Brown"], "abstract": "Prior research suggests that some social media practices can play a role in shaping students' adjustment to college; however, the specific mechanisms by which social media can support the identity work associated with successful transitions to college are not well understood. This paper investigates how social media experiences and interactions can support college-focused identity construction for low-income, first-generation college students. Drawing on in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 31 emergent adults from disadvantaged backgrounds in the United States, we identify social media affordances that support the process of identity work during a critical transition period. Findings indicate that social media platforms support provisional identity work, but disadvantaged college students lack access to mentor-like figures that could be accessible through social media. We also find barriers to sharing information online that may extend to other life transitions in multiple life contexts and review the design implications of our findings.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819959", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819959", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819959"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819959"}
{"title": "Modeling Collaboration Patterns on an Interactive Tabletop in a Classroom Setting", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Abigail C. Evans", "Jacob O. Wobbrock", "Katie Davis"], "abstract": "Interaction logs generated by educational software can provide valuable insights into the collaborative learning process and identify opportunities for technology to provide adaptive assistance. Modeling collaborative learning processes at tabletop computers is challenging, as the computer is only able to log a portion of the collaboration, namely the touch events on the table. Our previous lab study with adults showed that patterns in a group's touch interactions with a tabletop computer can reveal the quality of aspects of their collaborative process. We extend this understanding of the relationship between touch interactions and the collaborative process to adolescent learners in a field setting and demonstrate that the touch patterns reflect the quality of collaboration more broadly than previously thought, with accuracies up to 84.2%. We also present an approach to using the touch patterns to model the quality of collaboration in real-time.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819972", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819972", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819972"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819972"}
{"title": "Avalanche Beacon Parks: Skill Development and Team Coordination in a Technological Training Ground", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Audrey Desjardins", "Saul Greenberg", "Ron Wakkary", "Jeff Hambelton"], "abstract": "High-risk outdoor recreation allows its enthusiasts to reach unprecedented levels of adrenaline; it also contains risks and requires specific training (in part technological). In particular, its participants must be ready to react efficiently during an emergency or in response to an accident. Technological training grounds can simulate particular contexts and emergency situations as a place for recreationists to train and practice. In this paper, we use the practice of avalanche companion rescue as a case study to explore how technological training grounds support recreationist training. Our results offer insights into how avalanche beacon training parks support skill development and team coordination training. We also present strategies to orient the design of technological training grounds beyond avalanche companion rescue.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2835200", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2835200", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2835200"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2835200"}
{"title": "First-Generation Students and College: The Role of Facebook Networks as Information Sources", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Grace YoungJoo Jeon", "Nicole B. Ellison", "Bernie Hogan", "Christine M. Greenhow"], "abstract": "Social network site (SNS) platforms have the potential to be effective information-seeking channels due to their technical and social affordances, such as the ability to broadcast content to a large group and to aggregate one's contacts. This study tests the impact of a Facebook app that allows users to visualize their network of Facebook Friends to see how it influences who adolescents identify as good sources of information about college. Comparing Friends selected by 24 high school seniors before and after viewing Facebook network visualizations reveals that first-generation students were more likely to select higher quality information sources among their Facebook Friends after exposure to the visualization. Our results suggest that social media can help users identify good human information sources by making hidden resources in one's network more visible.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820074", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820074", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820074"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820074"}
{"title": "The Effect of Exposure to Social Annotation on Online Informed Consent Beliefs and Behavior", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Martina Balestra", "Orit Shaer", "Johanna Okerlund", "Madeleine Ball", "Oded Nov"], "abstract": "In this study we explore the impact of exposure to social annotation, embedded in online consent forms, on individuals' beliefs and decisions in the context of informed consent. In this controlled between-subjects experiment, participants were presented with an online consent form for a personal genomics study. Individuals were randomly assigned to either a social annotation condition that exposed them to previous users' comments on-screen, or to a traditional consent form without social input. We compared participants' perceptions about their consent decision, their trust in the organization seeking the consent, and their actual consent across conditions. While no significant difference was observed between actual consent rates, we found that on average individuals exposed to social annotation felt that their decision was more informed, and furthermore, that the effect of the exposure to social annotation was stronger among users characterized by relatively lower levels of prior privacy preserving behaviors.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820012", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820012", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820012"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820012"}
{"title": "Opportunities and Challenges Around a Tool for Social and Public Web Activity Tracking", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Amy X. Zhang", "Joshua Blum", "David R. Karger"], "abstract": "While the web contains many social websites, people are generally left in the dark about the activities of other people traversing the web as a whole. In this paper, we explore the potential benefits and privacy considerations around generating a real-time, publicly accessible stream of web activity where users can publish chosen parts of their web browsing data. Taking inspiration from social media systems, we describe individual benefits that can be unlocked by such sharing and that may incentivize users to publish aspects of their browsing. We ask whether and how these benefits outweigh potential costs in lost privacy. We conduct our study of public web activity sharing through scenario-based interviews and a field deployment of a tool for web activity sharing.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819949", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819949", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819949"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819949"}
{"title": "Policy as Embedded Generativity: A Case Study of the Emergence and Evolution of HathiTrust", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Alissa Centivany"], "abstract": "The traditional core of CSCW focuses on the relationships, tensions, and gaps between technical systems and social activity. Policy orbits around this core as a persistent but marginally represented presence. In the last few years, however, CSCW has witnessed an upsurge of interest in (re)integrating policy more explicitly and meaningfully into research and practice. For example, recent scholarship stressed the mutually constitutive and interconnected threads of design, practice, and policy [31]. This paper expands upon those motivations through a qualitative case study of the role of policy in library mass digitization work and the subsequent emergence and evolution of the HathiTrust cooperative partnership. By tracing the origins and impacts of early policy decisions in this context, this research contributes to understandings of how and why policy can both close and open spaces of social practice and technical design, functioning as a source of embedded generativity in complex sociotechnical systems.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820069", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820069", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820069"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820069"}
{"title": "Beyond the Belmont Principles: Ethical Challenges, Practices, and Beliefs in the Online Data Research Community", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Jessica Vitak", "Katie Shilton", "Zahra Ashktorab"], "abstract": "Pervasive information streams that document people and their routines have been a boon to social computing research. But the ethics of collecting and analyzing available&-but potentially sensitive-online data present challenges to researchers. In response to increasing public and scholarly debate over the ethics of online data research, this paper analyzes the current state of practice among researchers using online data. Qualitative and quantitative responses from a survey of 263 online data researchers document beliefs and practices around which social computing researchers are converging, as well as areas of ongoing disagreement. The survey also reveals that these disagreements are not correlated with disciplinary, methodological, or workplace affiliations. The paper concludes by reflecting on changing ethical practices in the digital age, and discusses a set of emergent best practices for ethical social computing research.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820078", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820078", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820078"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820078"}
{"title": "Time to reflect: Supporting health services over time by focusing on collaborative reflection", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Gabriela Marcu", "Sara B. Kiesler", "Anind K. Dey", "Madhu C. Reddy"], "abstract": "When health services involve long-term treatment over months or years, providers have the ability, not present in acute emergency care, to collaboratively reflect on clients' changing health data and adjust interventions. In this paper, we discuss temporality as a factor in the design of health information technology. We define a temporal spectrum ranging from time-critical services that benefit from standardization to long-term services that require more flexibility. We provide empirical evidence from fieldwork that we performed in organizations providing long-term behavioral and mental health services for children. Our fieldwork in this context complements and provides contrasts to previous CSCW studies performed in time-critical hospital settings. Current literature shows a bias toward standardized records and routines in the implementation of health information technology, a policy that may not be appropriate for long-term health services. We discuss how the design of information systems should vary based on temporal factors.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820079", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820079", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820079"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820079"}
{"title": "The Collaborative work of Hospital Porters: Accountability, Visibility and Configurations of Work", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Claus Bossen", "Martin Foss"], "abstract": "In this paper, we describe the collaborative work of hospital porters. The profession of hospital porters is understudied in sociology and in Computer Supported Cooperative Work, despite numerous studies of healthcare IT. We describe how a new IT system for hospital logistics provided porters with more influence on, and responsibility for their work; supported collaboration among porters, clinicians, and middle management; and effected a new ecology of visibility and accountability of porters' work. We discuss how the new system simultaneously supported collaboration and generated representations and accounts of porters' work. We compare the particular work arrangement in this study with other studies of porters' work, show the widely different configurations of how IT and work can be organized, and argue for the benefit of making comparative studies within CSCW. Finally, we argue for moving beyond dualisms of coordination and accountability for work.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820002", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820002", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820002"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820002"}
{"title": "Accounting for the Invisible Work of Hospital Orderlies: Designing for Local and Global Coordination", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Allan Stisen", "Nervo Verdezoto", "Henrik Blunck", "Mikkel Baun Kjærgaard", "Kaj Grønbæk"], "abstract": "The cooperative, invisible non-clinical work of hospital orderlies is often overlooked. It consists foremost of transferring patients between hospital departments. As the overall efficiency of the hospital is highly dependent on the coordination of the work of orderlies, this study investigates the coordination changes in orderlies' work practices in connection to the implementation of a workflow application at the hospital. By applying a mixed methods approach (both qualitative and quantitative studies), this paper calls for attention to the changes in orderlies' coordination activities while moving from a manual and centralized form to a semi-automatic and decentralized approach after the introduction of the workflow application. We highlight a set of cross-boundary (spatial and organizational) information-sharing breakdowns and the challenges of orderlies in maintaining local and global coordination. We also present design recommendations for future design of coordination tools to support orderlies' work practices.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820006", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820006", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820006"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820006"}
{"title": "Complex Decision-Making in Clinical Practice", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Line Silsand", "Gunnar Ellingsen"], "abstract": "Clinical Decision Support (CDS) Systems are considered crucial for diagnosis, treatment and care of patients. However, practical benefits of such systems have been far below expectations. This paper explores how the evolving interdependencies in organizational, clinical, political, and behavioral terms influence the design and implementation of CDS. The paper discusses how these interdependencies complicate clinical use of CDS where cross-departmental patient pathways increasingly dominate approaches to dealing with patients with complex conditions. Empirically, we report from an acute geriatric patient pathway project. The aim was to design and implement a decision-support form for triage of elderly patients in the emergency unit. The study emphasizes the intertwined collaborative nature of healthcare work, and the resulting need to consider the whole context when designing and implementing CDS tools. The contribution is to emphasize the “extended design” perspective to capture how workplace technologies and practices are shaped across multiple contexts and prolonged periods.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819952", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819952", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819952"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819952"}
{"title": "Almost an Expert: The Effects of Rubrics and Expertise on Perceived Value of Crowdsourced Design Critiques", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Alvin Yuan", "Kurt Luther", "Markus Krause", "Sophie Isabel Vennix", "Steven P. Dow", "Björn Hartmann"], "abstract": "Expert feedback is valuable but hard to obtain for many designers. Online crowds can provide fast and affordable feedback, but workers may lack relevant domain knowledge and experience. Can expert rubrics address this issue and help novices provide expert-level feedback? To evaluate this, we conducted an experiment with a 2x2 factorial design. Student designers received feedback on a visual design from both experts and novices, who produced feedback using either an expert rubric or no rubric. We found that rubrics helped novice workers provide feedback that was rated nearly as valuable as expert feedback. A follow-up analysis on writing style showed that student designers found feedback most helpful when it was emotionally positive and specific, and that a rubric increased the occurrence of these characteristics in feedback. The analysis also found that expertise correlated with longer critiques, but not the other favorable characteristics. An informal evaluation indicates that experts may instead have produced value by providing clearer justifications.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819953", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819953", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819953"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819953"}
{"title": "Storia: Summarizing Social Media Content based on Narrative Theory using Crowdsourcing", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Joy O. Kim", "Andrés Monroy-Hernández"], "abstract": "People from all over the world use social media to share thoughts and opinions about events, and understanding what people say through these channels has been of increasing interest to researchers, journalists, and marketers alike. However, while automatically generated summaries enable people to consume large amounts of data efficiently, they do not provide the context needed for a viewer to fully understand an event. Narrative structure can provide templates for the order and manner in which this data is presented to create stories that are oriented around narrative elements rather than summaries made up of facts. In this paper, we use narrative theory as a framework for identifying the links between social media content. To do this, we designed crowdsourcing tasks to generate summaries of events based on commonly used narrative templates. In a controlled study, for certain types of events, people were more emotionally engaged with stories created with narrative structure and were also more likely to recommend them to others compared to summaries created without narrative structure.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820072", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820072", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820072"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820072"}
{"title": "BudgetMap: Engaging Taxpayers in the Issue-Driven Classification of a Government Budget", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Nam Wook Kim", "Jonghyuk Jung", "Eun-Young Ko", "Songyi Han", "Chang Won Lee", "Juho Kim", "Jihee Kim"], "abstract": "Despite recent efforts in opening up government data, developing tools for taxpayers to make sense of extensive and multi-faceted budget data remains an open challenge. In this paper, we present BudgetMap, an issue-driven classification and navigation interface for the budgets of government programs. Our novel issue-driven approach can complement the traditional budget classification system used by government organizations by reflecting time-evolving public interests. BudgetMap elicits the public to tag government programs with social issues by providing two modes of tagging. User-initiated tagging allows people to voluntarily search for programs of interest and classify each program with related social issues, while system-initiated tagging guides people through possible matches of issues and programs via microtasks. BudgetMap then facilitates visual exploration of the tagged budget data. Our evaluation shows that participants' awareness and understanding of budgetary issues increased after using BudgetMap, while they collaboratively identified issue-budget links with quality comparable to expert-generated links.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820004", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820004", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820004"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820004"}
{"title": "Crowdsourcing Queue Estimations in Situ", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Jorge Gonçalves", "Hannu Kukka", "Iván Sánchez Milara", "Vassilis Kostakos"], "abstract": "We present the development and evaluation of a situated crowdsourcing mechanism that estimates queue length in real time. The system relies on public interactive kiosks to collect human estimations about their queue waiting time. The system has been designed as a standalone tool that can be retrospectively embedded in a variety of locations without interfacing with billing or customer systems. An initial study was conducted in order to determine whether people who just joined the queue would differ in their estimates from people who were at the front of the queue. We then present our system's evaluation in four different restaurants over 19 weekdays. Our analysis shows how our system is perceived by users, and we develop 2 ways to optimise the waiting time estimation: by correcting the estimations based on the position of the input mechanism, and by changing the sliding window considered inputs to provide better prediction. Our analysis shows that approximately 7% of restaurant customers provided estimations, but even so our system can provide predictions with up to 2 minute mean absolute error.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819997", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819997", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819997"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819997"}
{"title": "Embeddedness and sequentiality in social media", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Stuart Reeves", "Barry A. T. Brown"], "abstract": "Over the last decade, there has been an explosion of work around social media within CSCW. A range of perspectives have been applied to the use of social media, which we characterise as aggregate, actor-focussed or a combination. We outline the opportunities for a perspective informed by ethnomethodology and conversation analysis (EMCA)-an orientation that has been influential within CSCW, yet has only rarely been applied to social media use. EMCA approaches can complement existing perspectives through articulating how social media is embedded in the everyday lives of its users and how sequentiality of social media use organises this embeddedness. We draw on a corpus of screen and ambient audio recordings of mobile device use to show how EMCA research is generative for understanding social media through concepts such as adjacency pairs, sequential context, turn allocation / speaker selection, and repair.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820008", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820008", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820008"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820008"}
{"title": "Analyzing Organizational Routines in Online Knowledge Collaborations: A Case for Sequence Analysis in CSCW", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Brian C. Keegan", "Shakked Lev", "Ofer Arazy"], "abstract": "Research into socio-technical systems like Wikipedia has overlooked important structural patterns in the coordination of distributed work. This paper argues for a conceptual reorientation towards sequences as a fundamental unit of analysis for understanding work routines in online knowledge collaboration. We outline a research agenda for researchers in computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW) to understand the relationships, patterns, antecedents, and consequences of sequential behavior using methods already developed in fields like bio-informatics. Using a data set of 37,515 revisions from 16,616 unique editors to 96 Wikipedia articles as a case study, we analyze the prevalence and significance of different sequences of editing patterns. We illustrate the mixed method potential of sequence approaches by interpreting the frequent patterns as general classes of behavioral motifs. We conclude by discussing the methodological opportunities for using sequence analysis for expanding existing approaches to analyzing and theorizing about co-production routines in online knowledge collaboration.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819962", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819962", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819962"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819962"}
{"title": "When the Crowd is Not Enough: Improving User Experience with Social Media through Automatic Quality Analysis", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Dan Pelleg", "Oleg Rokhlenko", "Idan Szpektor", "Eugene Agichtein", "Ido Guy"], "abstract": "Social media gives voice to the people, but also opens the door to low-quality contributions, which degrade the experience for the majority of users. To address the latter issue, the prevailing solution is to rely on the 'wisdom of the crowds' to promote good content (e.g., via votes or 'like' buttons), or to downgrade bad content. Unfortunately, such crowd feedback may be sparse, subjective, and slow to accumulate. In this pa- per, we investigate the effects, on the users, of automatically filtering question-answering content, using a combination of syntactic, semantic, and social signals. Using this filtering, a large-scale experiment with real users was performed to mea- sure the resulting engagement and satisfaction. To our knowledge, this experiment represents the first reported large-scale user study of automatically curating social media content in real time. Our results show that automated quality filtering indeed improves user engagement, usually aligning with, and often outperforming, crowd-based quality judgments.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820022", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820022", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820022"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820022"}
{"title": "Distinguishing between Personal Preferences and Social Influence in Online Activity Feeds", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Amit Sharma", "Dan Cosley"], "abstract": "Many online social networks thrive on automatic sharing of friends' activities to a user through activity feeds, which may influence the user's next actions. However, identifying such social influence is tricky because these activities are simultaneously impacted by influence and homophily. We propose a statistical procedure that uses commonly available network and observational data about people's actions to estimate the extent of copy-influence---mimicking others' actions that appear in a feed. We assume that non-friends don't influence users; thus, comparing how a user's activity correlates with friends versus non-friends who have similar preferences can help tease out the effect of copy-influence.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819982", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819982", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819982"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819982"}
{"title": "Hacking as Transgressive Infrastructuring: Mobile Phone Networks and the German Chaos Computer Club", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Susann Wagenknecht", "Matthias Korn"], "abstract": "This paper applies the theoretical lens of infrastructure to study hacking practices that take issue with large-scale communication networks. The paper analyzes a series of hacks targeting the Global System for Mobile Communications (i.e., networks for mobile telephony) carried out by a cluster of people affiliated or sympathetic to the German Chaos Computer Club between 2001 and 2014. These hacks aim at acquiring proprietary knowledge and facilitating the autonomous operation of local mobile phone networks for communities, independent of corporate network providers. The contribution of this paper is to show how hacking of this kind can be understood as transgressive infrastructuring, a way of engaging critically with infrastructure that, in the case of GSM hacking, relied on three strategies---reverse engineering, re-implementation, and parallel operation, all of which aim at appropriating the targeted network intellectually, legally, functionally, and/or operationally.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820027", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820027", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820027"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820027"}
{"title": "How to Hackathon: Socio-technical Tradeoffs in Brief, Intensive Collocation", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Erik H. Trainer", "Arun Kalyanasundaram", "Chalalai Chaihirunkarn", "James D. Herbsleb"], "abstract": "Hackathons are events where people who are not normally collocated converge for a few days to write code together. Hackathons, it seems, are everywhere. We know that long- term collocation helps advance technical work and facilitate enduring interpersonal relationships, but can similar benefits come from brief, hackathon-style collocation? How do participants spend their time preparing, working face-to- face, and following through these brief encounters? Do the activities participants select suggest a tradeoff between the social and technical benefits of collocation? We present results from a multiple-case study that suggest the way that hackathon-style collocation advances technical work varies across technical domain, community structure, and expertise of participants. Building social ties, in contrast, seems relatively constant across hackathons. Results from different hackathon team formation strategies suggest a tradeoff between advancing technical work and building social ties. Our findings have implications for technology support that needs to be in place for hackathons and for understanding the role of brief interludes of collocation in loosely-coupled, geographically distributed work.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819946", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819946", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819946"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819946"}
{"title": "Out of Time, Out of Place: Reflections on Design Workshops as a Research Method", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Daniela K. Rosner", "Saba Kawas", "Wenqi Li", "Nicole Tilly", "Yi-Chen Sung"], "abstract": "This paper examines design workshops as research practice: how workshops bind time and participation in ways that privilege certain types of action and foreclose others. In five workshops we facilitated, we asked members to design a new item from two existing items in need of repair and studied their acts of appropriation and reuse. Although we hoped to explore possibilities for collaborative practice, we more clearly saw what happens when garments with rich histories meet the blunt instrument of workshop interventions. Members aligned anticipated outcomes in opposition to our guidelines and abandoned projects due to personal obligations. In reflecting on these encounters we further show how workshops shape what it means to study collaborative settings. This work contributes a reflective study of workshops that gathers and extends CSCW methods for interventionist inquiry.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820021", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820021", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820021"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820021"}
{"title": "'A Farmer, a Place and at least 20 Members': The Development of Artifact Ecologies in Volunteer-based Communities", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Susanne Bødker", "Henrik Korsgaard", "Joanna Saad-Sulonen"], "abstract": "In this paper, we present a case study of an urban organic food community and examine the way the community shapes its artifact ecology through a combination of appropriation of freely or cheaply available tools, and the long-term effort of building the community's own website. Based on participatory observation, content analysis of communication documents, and a series of interviews, we see how the collection of artifacts that a community uses to support their practice form what we refer to as their community artifact ecology. A community artifact ecology is multifaceted, dynamic and pending on what the members bring to the table, as well as on particular situations of use. The community artifact ecology concept is important for CSCW as it enables framing of the relationship between communities and technologies beyond the single artifact and beyond a static view of a dedicated technology.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820029", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820029", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820029"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820029"}
{"title": "Characterizing Dietary Choices, Nutrition, and Language in Food Deserts via Social Media", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Munmun De Choudhury", "Sanket S. Sharma", "Emre Kiciman"], "abstract": "Social media has emerged as a promising source of data for public health. This paper examines how these platforms can provide empirical quantitative evidence for understanding dietary choices and nutritional challenges in “food deserts” -- Census tracts characterized by poor access to healthy and affordable food. We present a study of 3 million food related posts shared on Instagram, and observe that content from food deserts indicate consumption of food high in fat, cholesterol and sugar; a rate higher by 5-17% compared to non-food desert areas. Further, a topic model analysis reveals the ingestion language of food deserts to bear distinct attributes. Finally, we investigate to what extent Instagram ingestion language is able to infer whether a tract is a food desert. We find that a predictive model that uses ingestion topics, socio-economic and food deprivation status attributes yields high accuracy (>80%) and improves over baseline methods by 6-14%. We discuss the role of social media in helping address inequalities in food access and health.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819956", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819956", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819956"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819956"}
{"title": "Quantifying and Predicting Mental Illness Severity in Online Pro-Eating Disorder Communities", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Stevie Chancellor", "Zhiyuan Lin", "Erica L. Goodman", "Stephanie Zerwas", "Munmun De Choudhury"], "abstract": "Social media sites have struggled with the presence of emotional and physical self-injury content. Individuals who share such content are often challenged with severe mental illnesses like eating disorders. We present the first study quantifying levels of mental illness severity (MIS) in social media. We examine a set of users on Instagram who post content on pro-eating disorder tags (26M posts from 100K users). Our novel statistical methodology combines topic modeling and novice/clinician annotations to infer MIS in a user's content. Alarmingly, we find that proportion of users whose content expresses high MIS have been on the rise since 2012 (13%/year increase). Previous MIS in a user's content over seven months can predict future risk with 81% accuracy. Our model can also forecast MIS levels up to eight months in the future with performance better than baseline. We discuss the health outcomes and design implications as well as ethical considerations of this line of research.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819973", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819973", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819973"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819973"}
{"title": "\"Hunger Hurts but Starving Works: \" Characterizing the Presentation of Eating Disorders Online", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Jessica Annette Pater", "Oliver L. Haimson", "Nazanin Andalibi", "Elizabeth D. Mynatt"], "abstract": "Within the CSCW community, little has been done to systematically analyze online eating disorder (ED) user generated content. In this paper, we present the results of a cross-platform content analysis of ED-related posts. We analyze the way that hashtags are used in ad-hoc ED- focused networks and present a comprehensive corpus of ED-terminology that frequently accompanies ED activities online. We provide exemplars of the types of ED-related content found online. Through this characterization of activities, we draw attention to the increasingly important role that these platforms play and how they are used and misappropriated for negative health purposes. We also outline specific challenges associated with researching these types of networks online. CAUTION: This paper includes media that could potentially be a trigger to those dealing with an eating disorder or with other self-injury illnesses. Please use caution when reading, printing, or disseminating this paper.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820030", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820030", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820030"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820030"}
{"title": "#thyghgapp: Instagram Content Moderation and Lexical Variation in Pro-Eating Disorder Communities", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Stevie Chancellor", "Jessica Annette Pater", "Trustin A. Clear", "Eric Gilbert", "Munmun De Choudhury"], "abstract": "Pro-eating disorder (pro-ED) communities on social media encourage the adoption and maintenance of disordered eating habits as acceptable alternative lifestyles rather than threats to health. In particular, the social networking site Instagram has reacted by banning searches on several pro-ED tags and issuing content advisories on others. We pre-sent the first large-scale quantitative study investigating pro-ED communities on Instagram in the aftermath of moderation -- our dataset contains 2.5M posts between 2011 and 2014. We find that the pro-ED community has adopted non-standard lexical variations of moderated tags to circumvent these restrictions. In fact, increasingly complex lexical variants have emerged over time. Communities that use lexical variants show increased participation and support of pro-ED (15-30%). Finally, the tags associated with content on these variants express more toxic, self-harm, and vulnerable content. Despite Instagram's moderation strategies, pro-ED communities are active and thriving. We discuss the effectiveness of content moderation as an intervention for communities of deviant behavior.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819963", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819963", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819963"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819963"}
{"title": "Encouraging \"Outside- the- box\" Thinking in Crowd Innovation Through Identifying Domains of Expertise", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Lixiu Yu", "Aniket Kittur", "Robert E. Kraut"], "abstract": "People are more creative at solving difficult design problems when they use relevant examples from outside of the problem's domain as inspirations. However, finding such “outside-the-box” inspirations is difficult, particularly in large idea repositories such as the web, because without guidance people select domains to search based on surface similarity to the problem's domain. In this paper, we demonstrate an approach in which non-experts identify domains that have the potential to yield useful and non-obvious inspirations for solutions. We report an empirical study demonstrating how crowds can generate domains of expertise and that showing people an abstract representation rather than the original problem helps them identify more distant domains. Crowd workers drawing inspirations from the distant domains produced more creative solutions to the original problem than did those who sought inspiration on their own, or drew inspiration from domains closer to or not sharing structural correspondence with the original problem.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820025", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820025", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820025"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820025"}
{"title": "Improving Crowd Innovation with Expert Facilitation", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Joel Chan", "Steven Dang", "Steven P. Dow"], "abstract": "Online crowds are a promising source of new innovations. However, crowd innovation quality does not always match its quantity. In this paper, we explore how to improve crowd innovation with real-time expert guidance. One approach would for experts to provide personalized feed-back, but this scales poorly, and may lead to premature convergence during creative work. Drawing on strategies for facilitating face-to-face brainstorms, we introduce a crowd ideation system where experts monitor incoming ideas through a dashboard and offer high-level “inspirations” to guide ideation. A series of controlled experiments show that experienced facilitators increased the quantity and creativity of workers' ideas compared to unfacilitated workers, while Novice facilitators reduced workers' creativity. Analyses of inspiration strategies suggest these opposing results stem from differential use of successful inspiration strategies (e.g., provoking mental simulations). The results show that expert facilitation can significantly improve crowd innovation, but inexperienced facilitators may need scaffolding to be successful.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820023", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820023", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820023"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820023"}
{"title": "Distributed Analogical Idea Generation with Multiple Constraints", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Lixiu Yu", "Robert E. Kraut", "Aniket Kittur"], "abstract": "Previous work has shown the promise of crowdsourcing analogical idea generation, where distributing the stages of analogical processing across many people can reduce fixation, identify inspirations from more diverse domains, and lead to more creative ideas. However, prior work has only considered problems with a single constraint, while many real-world problems involve multiple constraints. This paper contributes a systematic crowdsourcing approach for eliciting multiple constraints inherent in a problem and using those constraints to find inspirations useful in solving it. To do so we identify methods to elicit useful constraints at different levels of abstraction, and empirical results that identify how the level of abstraction influences creative idea generation. Our results show that crowds find the most useful inspirations when the problem domain is represented abstractly and constraints are represented more concretely.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2835201", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2835201", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2835201"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2835201"}
{"title": "Social Ties in Organizational Crowdfunding: Benefits of Team-Authored Proposals", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Michael J. Muller", "Mary Keough", "John Wafer", "Werner Geyer", "Alberto Alvarez Saez", "David Leip", "Cara Viktorov"], "abstract": "Social ties have been hypothesized to help people to gain support in achieving collaborative goals. We test this hypothesis in a study of organizational crowdfunding (or 'crowdfunding behind the firewall'). 201 projects were proposed for peer-crowdfunding in a large international corporation. The crowdfunding website allowed people to join a project as Co-Proposers. We analyzed the funding success of 114 projects as a function of the number of (Co-)Proposers. Projects that had more co-proposers were more likely to reach their funding targets. Using data from an organizational social-networking service, we show how employees' social ties were associated with these success patterns. Our results have implications for theories of collaboration in social networks, and the design of crowdfunding websites.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819955", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819955", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819955"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819955"}
{"title": "Repurposing FM: Radio Nowhere to OSNs Everywhere", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Morgan Vigil", "Elizabeth M. Belding", "Matthew Rantanen"], "abstract": "While online social networks (OSNs) play a critical role in developing social capital [18], many communities are unable to utilize the benefits of OSNs due to lack of Internet accessibility. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of the Radio Broadcast Data System (RBDS) associated with FM radio stations as a means to deliver social network content to OSN users who do not have access to Internet services. Using Instagram as a case study, we analyze data from 254 public Instagram users associated with the Tribal Digital Village (TDV) network in Southern California. Our analysis of over 1.2 million unique Instagram posts reveals that Instagram users in the TDV network interact with locally generated content 46.6× more often than content generated by users from outside the network. We use our observations of OSN usage to compare five OSN content scheduling approaches. Our evaluation reveals that up to 81% of users received at least half of their content requests and 35.5% of the 1.1 million requested Instagram photos were transmitted to users.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820001", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820001", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820001"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820001"}
{"title": "Storytelling with Data: Examining the Use of Data by Non-Profit Organizations", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Sheena Lewis Erete", "Emily Ryou", "Geoff Smith", "Khristina Marie Fassett", "Sarah Duda"], "abstract": "Despite the growing promotion of the “open data” movement, the collection, cleaning, management, interpretation, and dissemination of open data is laborious and cost intensive, particularly for non-profits with limited resources. In this paper, we describe how non-profit organizations (NPOs) use open data, building on prior literature that focuses on understanding challenges that NPOs face. Based on 15 interviews of staff from 10 NPOs, our results suggest that NPOs use data to develop narratives to build a case for support from grantors and other stakeholders. We then present empirical results based on the usage of a data portal we created, which suggests that technologies should be designed to not only make data accessible, but also to facilitate communication and support relationships between expert data analysts and NPOs.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820068", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820068", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820068"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820068"}
{"title": "Collaborative Analytics and Brokering in Digital Humanitarian Response", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Daniel E. Hellmann", "Carleen F. Maitland", "Andrea H. Tapia"], "abstract": "During large scale humanitarian crises, relief practitioners identify data used for decision making and coordination, as critical to their operations. Implicit in this need is the required capabilities for analyzing data. Given the rapidly evolving systems of collaborative data management and analysis in digital humanitarian efforts, information scientists and practitioners alike are keen to understand the role of data analytics in response operations. Through a case study of a digital humanitarian collaborative effort, we examine the processes for big and small data analytics, specifically focusing on data development, sharing, and collaborative analytics. Informed by theories of articulation work and collaborative analytics, we analyze data from in-depth interviews with digital humanitarians. Our findings identify key practices and processes for collaborative analytics in resource constrained environments, particularly the role of brokering, and in turn generate design recommendation for collaborative analytic platforms.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820067", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820067", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820067"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820067"}
{"title": "Early Adopters of the Internet and Social Media in Cuba", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Michaelanne Dye", "Annie I. Antón", "Amy S. Bruckman"], "abstract": "Although the Cuban government has tightly controlled information access for more than half a century, a small number of Cubans have access at work. In this paper, we examine Internet and social media use by early adopters in Cuba in early 2015, as we enter a time of potential change. Specifically, we explore Cubans' access limitations and the activities they do online, as well as what Internet access means to them. We conducted interviews with 12 Cuban Internet users and observed their social media use. Our findings suggest that access limitations and slow network speeds greatly restrict Cubans' Internet use. To counter these limitations, Cubans are collaborative, often conducting online research and posting photos for friends with less access. Based on these findings, we propose future work to help meet Cuban citizens' information needs.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819947", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819947", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819947"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819947"}
{"title": "Embedding Intentions in Drawings: How Architects Craft and Curate Drawings to Achieve Their Goals", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Daniela Retelny", "Pamela J. Hinds"], "abstract": "Based on ethnographic data collected at a global architecture firm over a one-year period, we describe the ways in which drawings are strategically created and curated by architects in an attempt to carefully craft their interactions and fulfill specific intentions with clients and contributors. We identify three strategies used by architects when creating drawings and reveal that the way these strategies are employed depends on the intended purpose of each drawing with a specific set of actors. This work builds on existing literature on the role of objects, such as drawings, for work across organizational boundaries and professional disciplines. We conclude with implications for CSCW and propose ideas for approaches and applications that better support cross-boundary and highly visual work involving multiple sets of actors and artifacts.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819932", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819932", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819932"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819932"}
{"title": "Infrastructuring and the Challenge of Dynamic Seams in Mobile Knowledge Work", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Ingrid Erickson", "Mohammad Hossein Jarrahi"], "abstract": "Highly mobile knowledge workers spend a large portion of their time traversing within and among different infrastructural configurations as they move through space. These dynamic configurations are experienced as either technological or contextual constraints, which range from forms of technological exclusion and infrastructural disconnection to divides caused by both spatial and organizational boundaries. The workaday nature of these constrained environments force mobile workers to engage in a type of articulation work that involves the construction of bridging, assembling, or circumventing solutions to repeatedly negotiate these impediments. Engaging in these 'infrastructuring' practices requires that workers develop 'infrastructural competence'-knowledge of the generative possibilities of infrastructural seams. In effect, this renders mobile workers as infrastructural bricoleurs. We discuss the implications of this required competence and speculate regarding its origin, maintenance, and differentiation among professions.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820015", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820015", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820015"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820015"}
{"title": "Understanding Energy Consumption at Work: Learning from Arrow Hill", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Ben D. Bedwell", "Enrico Costanza", "Michael O. Jewell"], "abstract": "Most work around technological interventions for energy conservation to date has focussed on changing individual behaviour. Hence, there is limited understanding of communal settings, such as office environments, as sites for intervention. Even when energy consumption in the workplace has been considered, the emphasis has typically been on the individual. To address this gap, we conducted a study of energy consumption and management in one workplace, based on a combination of workshops with a broad range of stakeholders, and quantitative data inspections. We report and discuss findings from this study, in light of prior literature, and we present a set of implications for design and further research. In particular, three themes, and associated intervention opportunities, emerged from our data: (1) energy wastage related to “errors”; (2) the role of company policies and the negotiation that surrounds their implementation; and (3) the bigger energy picture of procurement, construction and travel.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819993", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819993", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819993"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819993"}
{"title": "A Fundamentally Confused Document: Situation Reports and the Work of Producing Humanitarian Information", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Megan Finn", "Elisa Oreglia"], "abstract": "Situation reports, or sitreps, are documents commonly used by UN agencies and humanitarian NGOs involved in emergency response to disseminate information to and from relief workers in the field. This paper analyzes the information labor involved in producing sitreps, and how it can be used to understand why these documents are described by insiders as “fundamentally confused.” Drawing from document analysis and interviews with over one hundred people involved with sitreps, we examine humanitarian information labor in a decentralized, hierarchical, collaborative, political, and competitive work environment. From an empirical perspective, we contribute to CSCW by adding a case study about the situated practice of making humanitarian information, which includes our work as researcher/consultants in reconstructing the details of information gathering and sharing processes in order to improve them. We consider how the work of producing humanitarian information reproduces problematic humanitarian logics.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820031", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820031", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820031"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820031"}
{"title": "\"Thanks for your interest in our Facebook group, but it's only for dads: \" Social Roles of Stay-at-Home Dads", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Tawfiq Ammari", "Sarita Yardi Schoenebeck"], "abstract": "The number of stay-at-home dads (SAHDs) in the U.S. has risen dramatically over the past 30 years. Despite gaining social acceptability, SAHDs still experience isolation and judgment in their offline environments. This research explores how SAHDs use the Internet and social media related to their roles as fathers. We conducted interviews with 18 SAHDs about their families, their identities, and their social experiences. We find that they turn to social media to gain social support and overcome isolation they experience offline. However, they engage in strategic self-disclosure on particular platforms to avoid judgment related to being SAHDs. They rely on online platforms to give off both traditionally feminine and masculine impressions'as loving caregivers of their children while simultaneously as do-it-yourself men who make things around the house. Through creating Facebook groups and using anonymous social media sites, SAHDs create multidimensional social networks that allow them to cope better with the role change. We reflect on the evolving roles of SAHDs in society, and put forth an argument for greater support for diverse kinds of parenting online.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819927", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819927", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819927"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819927"}
{"title": "Not at the Dinner Table: Parents¿ and Children¿s Perspectives on Family Technology Rules", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Alexis Hiniker", "Sarita Yardi Schoenebeck", "Julie A. Kientz"], "abstract": "Parents and children both use technology actively and increasingly, but prior work shows that concerns about attention, family time, and family relationships abound. We conducted a survey with 249 parent-child pairs distributed across 40 U.S. states to understand the types of technology rules (also known as restrictive mediation) they have established in their family and how effective those rules are perceived to be. Our data robustly show that children (age 10-17) are more likely to follow rules that constrain technology activities (e.g., no Snapchat) than rules that constrain technology use in certain contexts (e.g., no phone at the dinner table). Children find context constraints harder to live up to, parents find them harder to enforce, and parents' most common challenge when trying to enforce such rules is that children -can't put it down.- This is consistent with the idea that banning certain technologies is currently easier than setting more nuanced boundaries. Parents and children agree that parents should also unplug when spending time with family, while children alone express frustration with the common parent practice of posting about children online. Together, our results suggest several mechanisms by which designers and families can improve parent-child relationships around technology use.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819940", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819940", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819940"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819940"}
{"title": "Managing Expectations: Technology Tensions among Parents and Teens", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Lindsay Blackwell", "Emma Gardiner", "Sarita Yardi Schoenebeck"], "abstract": "Extensive scholarship has investigated technology use among families. Existing work has focused primarily on parents' reactions to and restrictions of their children's technology use; here, we explore the underlying tensions surrounding technology use in the home. We draw on historical perspectives of adolescence and family life to better understand technology's impact on present-day parents and teens. Through an interview study with 18 parent-child pairs (19 parents; 23 children, ages 10-17), we find a number of technology tensions, including 1) parents' underestimation of children's technology use; 2) children's perception that parents only tell them which behaviors to avoid; 3) both parents' and children's poor adherence to household technology rules; and 4) parents' and children's desire for mutual attention. We argue that the use of personal devices introduces distinctive challenges into modern family life, due to the limited visibility (or practical obscurity) of personal device use, expectations of constant connectivity, and overly-romanticized notions of family time. We consider the historical evolution of both teenage and family life, and conclude that consistent and realistic expectations around work, attention, and adolescence may help families better manage household technology use.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819928", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819928", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819928"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819928"}
{"title": "Mom, I Do Have a Family!: Attitudes, Agreements, and Expectations on the Interaction with Chilean Older Adults", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Francisco J. Gutierrez", "Sergio F. Ochoa"], "abstract": "Most related research about intra-family communication follows the reality of developed countries, where older adults can live independently from their families and are likely to embrace technology. Contrarily, in Chile and other Latin American countries, most older adults live close to their families, are usually dependent of the latter, and rarely use digital means to communicate. Through cross-generational interviews, we identified attitudes, agreements, and expectations that describe how middle class Chilean families, living in urban settlements, interact with their elders. The study findings indicate that the approach used by the adult children to take care of their parents produces a vicious circle that stresses out the former and limits the technology adoption of the latter. Therefore, new ways of interacting with the elderly are required and digital technology has the potential to produce this change.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820000", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820000", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820000"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820000"}
{"title": "TryFilm: Situated Support for Interactive Media Productions", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Tom Bartindale", "Guy Schofield", "Peter C. Wright"], "abstract": "The emergence of participatory, on-demand and interactive media is changing the media production landscape. Producing interactive media is often more complex than creating traditional linear films, resulting in increased pressure for production teams. In this paper we explore what implications this has for cast and crew who participate in the production of such new media. We explore how collaborative technologies can support creative practitioners, within these challenging settings. We present TryFilm, a collaborative editing system, designed by the authors and deployed during an interactive film shoot by a small film company featuring a cast of early career actors.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819929", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819929", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819929"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819929"}
{"title": "YouthTube: Youth Video Authorship on YouTube and Vine", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Svetlana Yarosh", "Elizabeth M. Bonsignore", "Sarah McRoberts", "Tamara Peyton"], "abstract": "What kinds of content do children and teenagers author and share on public video platforms? We approached this question through a qualitative directed content analysis of over 250 youth-authored videos filtered by crowdworkers from public videos on YouTube and Vine. We found differences between YouTube and Vine platforms in terms of the age of the youth authors, the type of collaborations witnessed in the videos, and the significantly greater amount of violent, sexual, and obscene content on Vine. We also highlight possible differences in how adults and youths approach online video sharing. Specifically, we consider that adults may view online video as an archive to keep precious memories of everyday life with their family, friends, and pets, humorous moments, and special events, while children and teenagers treat online video as a stage to perform, tell stories, and express their opinions and identities in a performative way.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819961", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819961", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819961"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819961"}
{"title": "Remixing as a Pathway to Computational Thinking", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Sayamindu Dasgupta", "William Salt Hale", "Andrés Monroy-Hernández", "Benjamin Mako Hill"], "abstract": "Theorists and advocates of “remixing” have suggested that appropriation can act as a pathway for learning. We test this theory quantitatively using data from more than 2.4 million multimedia programming projects shared by more than 1 million users in the Scratch online community. First, we show that users who remix more often have larger repertoires of programming commands even after controlling for the numbers of projects and amount of code shared. Second, we show that exposure to computational thinking concepts through remixing is associated with increased likelihood of using those concepts. Our results support theories that young people learn through remixing, and have important implications for designers of social computing systems.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819984", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819984", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819984"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819984"}
{"title": "Reality and Perception of Copyright Terms of Service for Online Content Creation", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Casey Fiesler", "Cliff Lampe", "Amy S. Bruckman"], "abstract": "From amateur creativity to social media status updates, nearly every Internet user is also a content creator-but who owns that content? Policy, including intellectual property rights, is a necessary but often invisible part of online content sharing and social computing environments. We analyzed the copyright licenses contained in the Terms of Service of 30 different websites where users contribute content, then conducted a survey to match perceptions of copyright terms to the reality. We found that licensing terms vary in unpredictable ways, and that user expectations and opinions differ by license and by type of website. Moreover, the most undesirable terms, such as right to modify, appear more frequently than users expect. We argue that users care about how their content can be used yet lack critical information. Site designers should take user needs and community norms into account in creating and explaining copyright policies.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819931", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819931", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819931"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819931"}
{"title": "Once More with Feeling: Supportive Responses to Social Sharing on Facebook", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Moira Burke", "Mike Develin"], "abstract": "Life is more than cat pictures. There are tough days, heartbreak, and hugs. Under what contexts do people share these feelings online, and how do their friends respond? Using millions of de-identified Facebook status updates with poster-annotated feelings (e.g., “feeling thankful” or “feeling worried”), we examine the magnitude and circumstances in which people share positive or negative feelings and characterize the nature of the responses they receive. We find that people share greater proportions of both positive and negative emotions when their friend networks are smaller and denser. Consistent with social sharing theory, hearing about a friend's troubles on Facebook causes friends to reply with more emotional and supportive comments. Friends' comments are also more numerous and longer. Posts with positive feelings, on the other hand, receive more likes, and their comments have more positive language. Feelings that relate to the poster's self worth, such as “feeling defeated,” “feeling unloved,” or “feeling accomplished” amplify these effects.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2835199", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2835199", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2835199"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2835199"}
{"title": "Playful Backstalking and Serious Impression Management: How Young Adults Reflect on their Past Identities on Facebook", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Sarita Yardi Schoenebeck", "Nicole B. Ellison", "Lindsay Blackwell", "Joseph B. Bayer", "Emily B. Falk"], "abstract": "Parents, educators, and policymakers have expressed concern about the future implications of young people's sharing practices on social media sites. However, little is known about how young people themselves feel about their online behaviors being preserved and resurfaced later in adulthood. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 28 college-going, primarily female, young adults about their use of social media and their transition from adolescence into young adulthood. We find that participants recognize archival value in their own Facebook histories, despite sometimes perceiving these histories to be embarrassing. They experience tensions between meeting their current self-presentational goals and maintaining the authenticity of historical content. To reconcile these tensions, they engage in retrospective impression management practices, such as curating past content. They also engage in 'backstalking' behaviors, in which they view and engage with other users' Facebook histories' openly with close ties and discreetly with weak ties. We consider this ludic engagement through the lens of emerging adulthood and discuss the theoretical implications of our findings, especially in light of emerging applications which intentionally resurface digital traces.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819923", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819923", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819923"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819923"}
{"title": "\"Just Cast the Net, and Hopefully the Right Fish Swim into It\": Audience Management on Social Network Sites", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Eden Litt", "Eszter Hargittai"], "abstract": "When users post on social network sites, they can engage in audience-reaching strategies, in an effort to reach desired audience members, as well as audience-limiting strategies, in an effort to avoid unwanted audience members. While much research has focused on users' audience-limiting strategies, little research has explicitly focused on users' audience-reaching strategies. Additionally, little work has explored either strategy at the post level. Using mixed methods involving a diary study and follow-up interviews focused on a diverse group of users' posts, this article reveals several audience-reaching strategies users engaged from altering their content to tagging. However, users in this study rarely used strategies to exclude people proactively and technologically outside of their targeted audiences, and instead broadcasted widely. Participants described several rationales for sharing broadly from skill-related issues to a reliance on the audience or site to filter the content.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819933", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819933", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819933"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819933"}
{"title": "What¿s in a Like? Attitudes and behaviors around receiving Likes on Facebook", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Lauren E. Scissors", "Moira Burke", "Steven Wengrovitz"], "abstract": "What social value do Likes on Facebook hold? This research examines people's attitudes and behaviors related to receiving one-click feedback in social media. Likes and other kinds of lightweight affirmation serve as social cues of acceptance and maintain interpersonal relationships, but may mean different things to different people. Through surveys and de-identified, aggregated behavioral Facebook data, we find that in general, people care more about who Likes their posts than how many Likes they receive, desiring feedback most from close friends, romantic partners, and family members other than their parents. While most people do not feel strongly that receiving “enough” Likes is important, roughly two-thirds of posters regularly receive more than “enough.” We also note a “Like paradox,” a phenomenon in which people's friends receive more Likes because their friends have more friends to provide those Likes. Individuals with lower levels of self-esteem and higher levels of self-monitoring are more likely to think that Likes are important and to feel bad if they do not receive “enough” Likes. The results inform product design and our understanding of how lightweight interactions shape our experiences online.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820066", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820066", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820066"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820066"}
{"title": "Convivial Decay: Entangled Lifetimes in a Geriatric Infrastructure", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Marisa Cohn"], "abstract": "This paper discusses the empirical case of an aging and obsolescent infrastructure supporting a space science mission that is currently approaching a known end. Such a case contributes to our understanding of the degrading path at the end-of-life of an infrastructure. During this later stage in the life of infrastructure we can observe common issues associated with aging infrastructures' hardware's material decay, programming languages and software tools reaching end of support, obsolete managerial methodologies, etc. Such a case of infrastructural decay reveals how work of infrastructure maintenance may reach the limits of repair and shift from repair-as-sustaining into a mode of repair-into-decay, actively working towards the end-of-life. What this reveals is that, rather than infrastructural decay being a natural by-product of time's passing, there is active work that goes into producing a convivial decay in which the multiple temporalities of aging and decay are brought into alignment through negotiation of what aging means, its impacts on different forms of work, and even what counts as old and new.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820077", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820077", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820077"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820077"}
{"title": "Citation and Attribution in Open Science: A Case Study", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Yla R. Tausczik"], "abstract": "Technology is changing the way in which scientists and mathematicians communicate. New platforms for scholarly communication enhance informal communication and imbue it with some of the functionalities of formal communication. A citation analysis was conducted to examine how content from one of these platforms, MathOverflow, has been cited and referenced within the mathematics literature. Citation patterns suggested that some authors were treating MathOverflow content as a legitimate source of scholarly knowledge. Some problems with references and attribution occurred, which can be addressed by changes in the design of these technologies. Developing better systems for scholarly communication can help advance open science.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820070", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820070", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820070"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820070"}
{"title": "Considering Time in Designing Large-Scale Systems for Scientific Computing", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Nan-Chen Chen", "Sarah S. Poon", "Lavanya Ramakrishnan", "Cecilia R. Aragon"], "abstract": "High performance computing (HPC) has driven collaborative science discovery for decades. Exascale computing platforms, currently in the design stage, will be deployed around 2022. The next generation of supercomputers is expected to utilize radically different computational paradigms, necessitating fundamental changes in how the community of scientific users will make the most efficient use of these powerful machines. However, there have been few studies of how scientists work with exascale or close-to-exascale HPC systems. Time as a metaphor is so pervasive in the discussions and valuation of computing within the HPC community that it is worthy of close study. We utilize time as a lens to conduct an ethnographic study of scientists interacting with HPC systems. We build upon recent CSCW work to consider temporal rhythms and collective time within the HPC sociotechnical ecosystem and provide considerations for future system design.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819988", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819988", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819988"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819988"}
{"title": "Community-based Data Validation Practices in Citizen Science", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Andrea Wiggins", "Yurong He"], "abstract": "Technology-supported citizen science has created huge volumes of data with increasing potential to facilitate scientific progress, however, verifying data quality is still a substantial hurdle due to the limitations of existing data quality mechanisms. In this study, we adopted a mixed methods approach to investigate community-based data validation practices and the characteristics of records of wildlife species observations that affected the outcomes of collaborative data quality management in an online community where people record what they see in the nature. The findings describe the processes that both relied upon and added to information provenance through information stewardship behaviors, which led to improved reliability and informativity. The likelihood of community-based validation interactions were predicted by several factors, including the types of organisms observed and whether the data were submitted from a mobile device. We conclude with implications for technology design, citizen science practices, and research.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820063", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820063", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820063"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820063"}
{"title": "Promoting Joint Attention with Computer Supported Collaboration in Children with Autism", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Sumita Sharma", "Saurabh Srivastava", "Krishnaveni Achary", "Blessin Varkey", "Tomi Heimonen", "Jaakko Samuli Hakulinen", "Markku Turunen", "Nitendra Rajput"], "abstract": "There exists mounting evidence in favor of computer supported autism interventions at the individual level. However, the potential benefits of using computer supported collaboration to encourage social interactions between individuals with autism and typically developed individuals are underexplored, particularly in developing regions. We present an exploratory study of a collaborative gesture-based application, Balloons. The application encourages joint attention, which is defined as the shared attention between two individuals towards the same object. Using mixed methods, we evaluated Balloons for three weeks in New Delhi with ten medium-low functioning autistic children. Our findings suggest that employing CSC interventions for children with autism in India provide (a) observable improvements in social interaction with typically developed peers, (b) the opportunity to customize and individualize intervention to cater to a large spectrum of children and (c) the potential opportunity of reducing fears of certain objects.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819930", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819930", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819930"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819930"}
{"title": "Vulnerability, Sharing, and Privacy: Analyzing Art Therapy for Older Adults with Dementia", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Raymundo Cornejo", "Robin N. Brewer", "Caroline Edasis", "Anne Marie Piper"], "abstract": "Older adults are most often considered consumers of online information, but recent work highlights the importance of engaging older adults in content generation and online sharing. One context in which older adults generate and share content is art therapy for individuals with dementia. Our analysis draws on Altman's notion of privacy and territorial regions to understand what sharing means for this vulnerable population. This theoretical framing reveals the ways in which privacy is cooperatively negotiated, which is in contrast to the individualistic view of existing sharing systems; how older adults derive benefits from sharing depending on interaction with their audience; and how sharing fluctuates between a focus on the process of therapy versus the product depending on privacy needs. Our analysis contributes an understanding of the complex nature of sharing for vulnerable populations and offers design considerations for systems that support this practice.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819960", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819960", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819960"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819960"}
{"title": "How Blind People Interact with Visual Content on Social Networking Services", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Violeta Voykinska", "Shiri Azenkot", "Shaomei Wu", "Gilly Leshed"], "abstract": "In this paper, we explore blind people's motivations, challenges, interactions, and experiences with visual content on Social Networking Services (SNSs). We present findings from an interview study of 11 individuals and a survey study of 60 individuals, all with little to no functional vision. Compared to sighted SNS users, our blind participants faced profound accessibility challenges, including the prevalence of photos without sufficient text descriptions. To overcome the challenges, they developed creative strategies, including using a variety of methods to access SNS features (e.g., opening the mobile site on a desktop browser), and inferring photo content from textual cues and social interactions. When strategies failed, participants reached out for help from trusted friends, or avoided certain features. We discuss our findings in the context of CSCW research and SNS accessibility as a design value. We highlight the social significance of photo interactions for blind people and suggest design practices.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820013", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820013", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820013"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820013"}
{"title": "\"Helping Others Makes Me Happy\": Social Interaction and Integration of People with Disabilities", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Peng Liu", "Xianghua Ding", "Ning Gu"], "abstract": "This paper presents a qualitative study of people with disabilities, focusing on issues of their social interaction and integration. Through interviews and participatory observations with a group of people with motor disabilities in China, we found that their perceived limited capabilities to reciprocate, or feelings of indebtedness, were among the main reasons that kept them from interacting with others. The study shows that ICT and communities of people with disabilities are valuable in relieving these issues, in that they provide means and opportunities for them to give help and in turn develop self-esteem, crucial for their social interaction and integration. Our study suggests providing ways for them to give and not simply receive help as an important means to support their social interaction and integration-in particular, by focusing on their abilities and communities, instead of disabilities and independence.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819998", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819998", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819998"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819998"}
{"title": "ReLauncher: Crowdsourcing Micro-Tasks Runtime Controller", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Pavel Kucherbaev", "Florian Daniel", "Stefano Tranquillini", "Maurizio Marchese"], "abstract": "Task execution timeliness, i.e., the completion of a task within a given time frame, is a known open issue in crowdsourcing. While running tasks on crowdsourcing platforms a requester experiences long tails in execution caused by abandoned assignments (those left by workers unfinished), which become available for other workers only after some expiration time (e.g., 30 minutes in CrowdFlower). These abandoned assignments result in significant delays and a poor predictability of the overall task execution time. In this paper, we propose an approach and an implementation called ReLauncher to identify such abandoned assignments and relaunch them for other workers. We evaluate our implementation with an experiment on CrowdFlower that provides substantive evidence for a significant execution speed improvement with an average extra cost of about 10%.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820005", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820005", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820005"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820005"}
{"title": "Precision CrowdSourcing: Closing the Loop to Turn Information Consumers into Information Contributors", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Qian Zhao", "Zihong Huang", "F. Maxwell Harper", "Loren G. Terveen", "Joseph A. Konstan"], "abstract": "We introduce a theoretical framework called precision crowdsourcing whose goal is to help turn online information consumers into information contributors. The framework looks at the timing and nature of the requests made of users and the feedback provided to users with the goal of increasing long-term contribution and engagement in the site or system. We present the results of a field experiment in which almost 3000 users were asked to tag movies (plus a null control group) as we varied the selection of task (popular/obscure), timing of requests (immediate or varying delays), and relational rhetoric (neutral, system reciprocal, other users reciprocal) of the requests. We found that asking increases tags provided overall, though asking generally decreases the provision of unprompted tags. Users were more likely to comply with our request when we asked them to tag obscure movies and when we used reciprocal request rhetoric.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819957", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819957", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819957"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819957"}
{"title": "Learnersourcing Personalized Hints", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Elena L. Glassman", "Aaron Lin", "Carrie J. Cai", "Robert C. Miller"], "abstract": "Personalized support for students is a gold standard in education, but it scales poorly with the number of students. Prior work on learnersourcing presented an approach for learners to engage in human computation tasks while trying to learn a new skill. Our key insight is that students, through their own experience struggling with a particular problem, can become experts on the particular optimizations they implement or bugs they resolve. These students can then generate hints for fellow students based on their new expertise. We present workflows that harvest and organize students' collective knowledge and advice for helping fellow novices through design problems in engineering. Systems embodying each workflow were evaluated in the context of a college-level computer architecture class with an enrollment of more than two hundred students each semester. We show that, given our design choices, students can create helpful hints for their peers that augment or even replace teachers' personalized assistance, when that assistance is not available.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820011", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820011", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820011"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820011"}
{"title": "Parting Crowds: Characterizing Divergent Interpretations in Crowdsourced Annotation Tasks", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Sanjay Kairam", "Jeffrey Heer"], "abstract": "Crowdsourcing is a common strategy for collecting the “gold standard” labels required for many natural language applications. Crowdworkers differ in their responses for many reasons, but existing approaches often treat disagreements as \"noise\" to be removed through filtering or aggregation. In this paper, we introduce the workflow design pattern of crowd parting: separating workers based on shared patterns in responses to a crowdsourcing task. We illustrate this idea using an automated clustering-based method to identify divergent, but valid, worker interpretations in crowdsourced entity annotations collected over two distinct corpora -- Wikipedia articles and Tweets. We demonstrate how the intermediate-level view provide by crowd-parting analysis provides insight into sources of disagreement not easily gleaned from viewing either individual annotation sets or aggregated results. We discuss several concrete applications for how this approach could be applied directly to improving the quality and efficiency of crowdsourced annotation tasks.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820016", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820016", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820016"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820016"}
{"title": "Using Mobile Phones in Pub Talk", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Martin Porcheron", "Joel E. Fischer", "Sarah C. Sharples"], "abstract": "We present the findings from a study of how people interleave mobile phone use with conversation in pubs. Our findings, informed by ethnomethodology and conversation analysis, unpack the interactional methods through which groups of people in pubs occasioned, sustained, and disengaged from mobile device use during conversation with friends. Fundamentally, the work that is done consists of various methods of accounting for mobile device use, and displaying involvement in social interaction while the device is used. We highlight multiple examples of the nuanced ways in which interleaving is problematic in interaction, and relate our findings to the CSCW and HCI literature on collocated interaction. We conclude by considering avenues for future research, and discuss how we may support or disrupt interleaving practices through design to overcome the highlighted interactional troubles.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820014", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820014", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820014"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820014"}
{"title": "Automatic Archiving versus Default Deletion: What Snapchat Tells Us About Ephemerality in Design", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Bin Xu", "Pamara F. Chang", "Christopher L. Welker", "Natalya N. Bazarova", "Dan Cosley"], "abstract": "Unlike most social media, where automatic archiving of data is the default, Snapchat defaults to ephemerality: deleting content shortly after it is viewed by a receiver. Interviews with 25 Snapchat users show that ephemerality plays a key role in shaping their practices. Along with friend-adding features that facilitate a network of mostly close relations, default deletion affords everyday, mundane talk and reduces self-consciousness while encouraging playful interaction. Further, although receivers can save content through screenshots, senders are notified; this selective saving with notification supports complex information norms that preserve the feel of ephemeral communication while supporting the capture of meaningful content. This dance of giving and taking, sharing and showing, and agency for both senders and receivers provides the basis for a rich design space of mechanisms, levels, and domains for ephemerality.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819948", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819948", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819948"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819948"}
{"title": "Privacy Nudges for Mobile Applications: Effects on the Creepiness Emotion and Privacy Attitudes", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Bo Zhang", "Heng Xu"], "abstract": "To assist users' privacy decision-making with mobile applications, prior research has investigated ways of enhancing information transparency, via improving privacy permission interfaces. This study takes a soft paternalism approach by proposing two interface cues as \"privacy nudges\" in a mobile permission interface: the frequency nudge indicates how frequently user information is used, and the social nudge presents the percentage of other users approving certain data permission. We compared the effects of these privacy nudges on users' creepiness emotion and privacy attitudes, through a between-subject online experimental study (n=387). Our results suggest that privacy nudges are effective in altering privacy attitudes, but the direction of effects depends on the nudge's framing valence. In addition, the creepiness emotion mediates the relationship between nudging and privacy attitudes.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820073", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820073", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820073"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820073"}
{"title": "Increasing Collocated People¿s Awareness of the Mobile User¿s Activities: a Field Trial of Social Displays", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Pradthana Jarusriboonchai", "Aris Malapaschas", "Thomas Olsson", "Kaisa Väänänen"], "abstract": "Many activities that have traditionally been performed with different dedicated physical artifacts are now done with personal mobile devices. Consequently, the privacy of mobile interfaces has hampered social observability and chances for serendipitous interactions. For example, reading an electronic newspaper with a mobile device does not allow the surrounding people to be similarly aware of the reader's activity as traditional newspapers. Social displays are additional displays on mobile devices providing the surrounding people with light-weight cues about the activities of the device user. We implemented a prototype that reveals the user's current active application and presents its name on an e-ink display on the backside of a mobile device. We conducted a ten-day field trial with 13 participants using the prototype. The results show that the prototype was able to increase awareness of users' mobile activities and occasionally triggered interactions with others, without significantly violating the sense of privacy.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819990", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819990", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819990"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819990"}
{"title": "Beyond Talking Heads: Multimedia Artifact Creation, Use, and Sharing in Distributed Meetings", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Jennifer Marlow", "Scott A. Carter", "Nathaniel Good", "Jung-Wei Chen"], "abstract": "Distributed meetings can be messy, particularly when the task requires collaboration around multimedia artifacts. Teams must not only share a variety of materials related to the work in real time, but also need to refer back to information after a meeting ends. While video tools make it relatively easy to have conversations at a distance, they are less adept at sharing and archiving multimedia content. We conducted a survey of and interviews with members of distributed teams to investigate how they create, use, and share multimedia content before, during, and after distributed meetings. Our findings shed light on decisions made and rationales used in selecting technologies to prepare for, conduct, and archive the results of a video-mediated distributed meeting. The results suggest a need for flexible interfaces for information sharing in multiple meeting contexts so content can be both easily referred to in the moment and also found again later.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819958", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819958", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819958"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819958"}
{"title": "Room2Room: Enabling Life-Size Telepresence in a Projected Augmented Reality Environment", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Tomislav Pejsa", "Julian Kantor", "Hrvoje Benko", "Eyal Ofek", "Andrew D. Wilson"], "abstract": "Room2Room is a telepresence system that leverages projected augmented reality to enable life-size, co-present interaction between two remote participants. Our solution recreates the experience of a face-to-face conversation by performing 3D capture of the local user with color + depth cameras and projecting their life-size virtual copy into the remote space. This creates an illusion of the remote person's physical presence in the local space, as well as a shared understanding of verbal and non-verbal cues (e.g., gaze, pointing.) In addition to the technical details of two prototype implementations, we contribute strategies for projecting remote participants onto physically plausible locations, such that they form a natural and consistent conversational formation with the local participant. We also present observations and feedback from an evaluation with 7 pairs of participants on the usability of our solution for solving a collaborative, physical task.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819965", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819965", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819965"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819965"}
{"title": "Taking Notes or Playing Games? Understanding Multitasking in Video Communication", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Jennifer Marlow", "Eveline van Everdingen", "Daniel Avrahami"], "abstract": "This paper presents a detailed examination of factors that affect perceptions of and attitudes towards multitasking in video conferencing. We first report findings from interviews with 15 professional users of videoconferencing. Our interviews revealed the roles and potential link of technology and activity. We then report results from a controlled online experiment with 397 participants based in the United States. Our results show that the technology used for multitasking has a significant effect on others' assumptions of what secondary activity the multitasker is likely engaged in, and that this assumed activity in turn affects evaluations of politeness and appropriateness. We also show that different layouts of the video conferencing UI can affect perception of engagement in the meeting and in turn ratings of polite or impolite behavior. We propose a conceptual model that captures our results and use the model to discuss implications for behavior and for the design of video communication tools.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819975", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819975", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819975"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819975"}
{"title": "A Day in the Life of Things in the Home", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Andy Crabtree", "Peter Tolmie"], "abstract": "This paper is about human interaction with things in the home. It is of potential relevance to developers of the Internet of Things (IoT), but it is not a technological paper. Rather, it presents a preliminary observational study of a day in a life of things in the home. The study was done out of curiosity - to see, given the emphasis on 'things' in the IoT, what mundane interaction with things looks like and is about. The results draw attention to the sheer scale of interaction with things, key areas of domestic activity in which interaction is embedded, and what it is about domestic life that gives data about interaction its sense. Each of these issues raises possibilities and challenges for IoT development in the home.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819954", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819954", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819954"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819954"}
{"title": "Scaffolding the scaffolding: Supporting children¿s social-emotional learning at home", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Petr Slovák", "Christopher Frauenberger", "Ran Gilad-Bachrach", "Mia Doces", "Brian Smith", "Rachel Kamb", "Kael Rowan", "Geraldine Fitzpatrick"], "abstract": "The development of strong social and emotional skills is central to personal wellbeing. Increasingly, these skills are being taught in schools through well researched curricula. Such social-emotional learning (SEL) curricula are most effective if reinforced by parents, thus transferring the skills into everyday contexts. Traditional SEL programs have however had limited success in engaging parents, and we argue that technology might be able to help bridge this school-home divide. Through interviews with SEL experts we identified central design considerations for technology and SEL content: the reliance on experiential learning and the need to scaffold the parents in scaffolding the interaction for their children. This informed the design of a technology probe comprising a magnet card and online SEL activities, deployed in a school and via Mturk. The results provide a nuanced understanding of how technology-based interventions could bridge the school-home gap in real-world settings and support at-home reinforcement of children's social-emotional skills.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2820007", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820007", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820007"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820007"}
{"title": "Moving Western Neighborliness to East? A study on Local Exchange in Bangladesh", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Federico Cabitza", "Angela Locoro", "Carla Simone", "Tunazzina Sultana"], "abstract": "This paper focuses on the main question whether social media specifically conceived to enable local exchange trading schema can be adopted in different contexts than the western digitized society, where those systems have been considered a feasible alternative to money-based capitalism. We report a qualitative study employing focus groups to study the factors which may affect the adoption of these social media in Bangladesh, a developing country that exhibits characteristics such as strong young unemployment, gender-oriented underemployment, aging population, but also a reduced access to the service economy due to the lack of spare time. The benefits of local exchange seem to be particularly fitting the urban and social structure of Bangladesh.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819971", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819971", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819971"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819971"}
{"title": "Social Organization of Household Finance: Understanding Artful Financial Systems in the Home", "year": 2016, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Dhaval Vyas", "Stephen Snow", "Paul Roe", "Margot Brereton"], "abstract": "In this paper we discuss results of a field study focused on understanding the ways money and financial issues are handled within family settings. Families develop 'systems' or methods through which they coordinate and manage their everyday financial activities. Through an analysis of our fieldwork data collected from fifteen families, we provide several examples of such systems, highlighting their qualities and illustrating how such systems come to support the handling of financial activities in the home. Our results show that these systems are developed with a careful consideration of familial values, relationships and routines; and incorporate the use of physical and digital tools. Consequently, we suggest that design should consider the use and non-use of technology when supporting household financial management, taking into account the richness of families' existing organically formed practices surrounding financial systems. Finally, our findings point to the fact that financial management in the domestic setting is socially organized and is closely connected to supporting everyday household activities.", "doi": "10.1145/2818048.2819937", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819937", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819937"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819937"}
{"title": "Proceedings of the 2017 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing, CSCW 2017, Portland, OR, USA, February 25 - March 1, 2017", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Charlotte P. Lee", "Steven E. Poltrock", "Louise Barkhuus", "Marcos Borges", "Wendy A. Kellogg"], "abstract": "Welcome to CSCW 2017, the ACM 2017 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing! We are excited to welcome the CSCW community back to Portland, Oregon, where the second CSCW conference was held in 1988. Both Portland and CSCW have matured a great deal during the intervening 29 years. We hope that you will find that Portland provides a stimulating environment for our conference. CSCW is the premier venue for presenting research in the design and use of technologies that affect groups, organizations, communities, and networks. Bringing together top researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, CSCW explores the technical, social, material, and theoretical challenges of designing technology to support collaborative work and life activities. CSCW welcomes a diverse range of topics and research methodologies. Studies often involve the development and application of novel technologies and/or ethnographic studies that inform design practice or theory. The mission of the conference is to share research that advances the state of human knowledge and improves both the design of systems and the ways they are used. The diversity of work in our conference program reflects the diversity of technology use in people's work, social, and civic lives as well as the geographic and cultural diversity of contributors. As many of you know, CSCW follows a rigorous \"revise and resubmit\" review process that uses peer review to improve submitted papers while maintaining a high-quality threshold for final acceptance. We also help prepare the next generation of reviewers with a mentorship program in which students review papers under the guidance of an experienced reviewer. This year we have the largest CSCW program ever. We had 530 submitted papers and 183 were accepted for presentation at the conference. The program also includes 4 papers published in ACM Transactions on Human- Computer Interaction (TOCHI). In addition, we will feature 14 workshops, 56 posters, 12 demos, and 3 panels. Lili Cheng of Microsoft Research will open the conference, speaking on \"Conversational AI & Lessons Learned.\" Our closing plenary will feature Jorge Cham, the creator of PhD Comics, who will talk about, \"The Science Gap.\" We also welcome Paul Luff and Christian Heath from King's College as the recipients of this year's CSCW Lasting Impact award for their influential 1998 paper, \"Mobility in Collaboration.\"", "doi": "10.1145/2998181", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181"}
{"title": "Conversational Intelligence: Bots and Lessons Learned", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Lili Cheng"], "abstract": "How might bots and conversational intelligence change the way we work and socialize, and lead us to rethink the computing experience? Why now? Inspired by online life in China and WeChat we have learned many lessons, both by building advanced bots such as Xiaoice/China, Rinna/Japan, and Tay-Zo/US, and by providing the Bot Framework and Cognitive Services to develop a conversational experience. While it's early days for AI, what are actionable challenges and opportunities in the area of conversational intelligence, and how can bots and language understanding help improve the way we collaborate and work together?", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.3020283", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.3020283", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.3020283"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.3020283"}
{"title": "Trust Your Heart: Assessing Cooperation and Trust with Biosignals in Computer-Mediated Interactions", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Nick Merrill", "Coye Cheshire"], "abstract": "This study examines heartrate sharing in the context of a trust-building game. Through quantitative and qualitative analyses, we find that \"elevated\" (versus \"normal\") heartrate of an exchange partner is associated with negative mood attributions and reduced cooperation in a social dilemma game. To investigate how specific our findings are to heartrate (as opposed to some other \"elevated\" signal collected from the body), we replicate our initial experiment with an unfamiliar biosignal, \"skin reflectivity\". We find that both heartrate and the unfamiliar biosignal are associated with negative mood attributions, but we observe a decrease in cooperative behavior only with elevated heartrate. Qualitative results indicate that individuals may learn an association between our unfamiliar biosignal and the cooperative, trusting behavior of their partner. Our findings highlight the role prior beliefs can play in shaping interpretations of a biosignal, while suggesting that designers can, perhaps inadvertently, train users to associate signals with social meanings. We discuss implications for how wearable sensors can mediate social interactions.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998286", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998286", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998286"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998286"}
{"title": "Constructing a Desiring User: Discourse, Rurality, and Design in Location-Based Social Networks", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Jean Hardy", "Silvia Lindtner"], "abstract": "A growing body of literature addresses the use of Grindr and SCRUFF, location-based networking applications for gay, bisexual, and queer men. This study builds on that work, asking whose sexuality is produced in the design and use of these applications. Drawing from ethnographic research and discourse analysis, we build on analytical frames from science and technology studies, feminist HCI, and sexuality studies, proposing what we call the desiring user: a user whose desires and sexuality are mediated through technological devices in particular ways. In doing so, we demonstrate how the discursive constructions of the user put forth by the creators of Grindr and SCRUFF clash with the lived reality of our rural interlocutors. We address emerging themes in CSCW and HCI related to the construction of sexual subjectivities and social computing in rural settings.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998347", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998347", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998347"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998347"}
{"title": "People-Nearby Applications: How Newcomers Move Their Relationships Offline and Develop Social and Cultural Capital", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Joey Chiao-Yin Hsiao", "Tawanna R. Dillahunt"], "abstract": "People-nearby applications (PNAs), such as Tinder and Badoo, help millions of users to make new social connections everyday. However, little is known about how PNAs support offline interactions or what application features are associated with offline encounters. Research suggests that these applications support the development of social capital, but the forms of social capital are unclear. We conducted interviews with 14 active PNA users to address these questions. Our results suggest that while existing PNA features such as filters, profile photos, and chat support online connections, most participants used non-PNA platforms to build mutual trust before meeting offline. In addition, PNA users developed two forms of social (informal and formal) and cultural capital (incorporated and symbolic). We offer insights into how PNAs and non-PNAs intersect to foster feelings of safety and trust prior to offline meetings, and we propose ways for PNAs to support the exchange of cultural and social capital.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998280", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998280", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998280"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998280"}
{"title": "What Happens in Happn: The Warranting Powers of Location History in Online Dating", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Xiao Ma"], "abstract": "Many location-based dating applications allow users to search for potential matches who are physically proximate. A recent mobile dating application, happn, adds a temporal dimension to location-based dating, showing users the number of times that they crossed path with each other, as well as the location of the most recent overlap. We conducted qualitative interviews with 15 happn users to understand how people make sense of crossed paths, and assess the meanings they assign to these location overlaps. Building on Uncertainty Reduction Theory, we show the various outcomes of the crossed paths and how they play a role in uncertainty reduction. In particular, the warranting power of the device-driven location data was accepted as valuable, and generated little concern about misrepresentation. Moreover, people assigned significant meaning to the minimal cues available from the overlap data. In addition, the location overlap data was useful in allowing users to estimate convenience in meeting and establish common ground. On the other hand, concerns of security and recognition by known others persisted in the happn app. Our findings suggest the potential for utilizing location data outside of the domain of online dating.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998241", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998241", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998241"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998241"}
{"title": "Parental Control vs. Teen Self-Regulation: Is there a middle ground for mobile online safety?", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Pamela J. Wisniewski", "Arup Kumar Ghosh", "Heng Xu", "Mary Beth Rosson", "John M. Carroll"], "abstract": "We conducted a structured, qualitative feature analysis of 75 Android mobile apps designed for the purpose of promoting adolescent online safety. Through this analysis we identified 42 unique features that mapped to a theoretically derived conceptual framework of teen online safety strategies balanced between parental control strategies (through monitoring, restriction, and active mediation) and teen self-regulation strategies (through self-monitoring, impulse control, and risk-coping). We found that the apps strongly favored features that promote parental control through monitoring and restricting teens' online behaviors over teen self-regulation or more communicative and collaborative practices between parents and teens. We use the lens of value sensitive design to discuss the implications of our results and identify opportunities for designing mobile apps for online safety that embed more positive family values.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998352", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998352", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998352"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998352"}
{"title": "Demanding by Design: Supporting Effortful Communication Practices in Close Personal Relationships", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Ryan Kelly", "Daniel Gooch", "Bhagyashree Patil", "Leon Watts"], "abstract": "The investment of effort into personal communication can be highly meaningful to people, and has particular significance for the mediation of close relationships. This paper presents qualities of effort investment that are seen to be valuable. Furthermore, we consider how these qualities might sensitise designers of communication technologies to the meaningfulness of effort. We report a qualitative study focusing on individual descriptions of meaningful effort invested into everyday correspondence. We encapsulate our findings in the form of five qualities that characterise valued effort: discretionary investment, personal craft, focused time, responsiveness to the recipient, and challenge to a sender's capacities. Drawing on ideas generated in brainstorming sessions, we present two illustrative concepts for new communication technologies, highlighting how our findings can guide the creation of designed artefacts.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998184", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998184", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998184"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998184"}
{"title": "In Your Eyes: Anytime, Anywhere Video and Audio Streaming for Couples", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Uddipana Baishya", "Carman Neustaedter"], "abstract": "Long distance couples face challenges in staying connected and must rely heavily on technology to mediate their relationship. To provide new ways for couples to virtually 'be together,' we explore a futuristic use of video communications technology where it is possible to see through the eyes of a partner at any point in time to more deeply stay connected and share experiences together on a daily basis. We created a technology probe called In Your Eyes that uses a smartphone and Skype in auto-answer mode. Partners can connect to one another at any time without needing to answer a call. Two couples used the probe for one month. One found it beneficial while the other found it intrusive. We explore the reasons behind these experiences and show the benefits and pitfalls of anytime, anywhere streaming for long distance couples. Our study provides new ways of thinking about presence and connection over distance where the ability to connect and the intention to do so-even if not acted upon-can create feelings of closeness for some and overconnection for others.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998200", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998200", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998200"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998200"}
{"title": "Flex-N-Feel: The Design and Evaluation of Emotive Gloves for Couples to Support Touch Over Distance", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Samarth Singhal", "Carman Neustaedter", "Yee Loong Ooi", "Alissa Nicole Antle", "Brendan Matkin"], "abstract": "Many couples live apart due to work, educational situations, or frequent travel. While technology can help mediate these relationships, there is a lack of designs that allow couples to share a sense of touch over distance. We present a design case study of a tangible communication system called Flex- N-Feel--a pair of gloves that allows distance-separated couples to feel the flexing of their remote partners' fingers through vibrotactile sensations on their skin. We evaluated our design with nine couples where the system was augmented with either a Skype audio call or a video connection. Our study showed that participants enjoyed their conversation more with the gloves, felt more emotionally connected, and experienced intimate moments together. Couples used the glove for shared actions, playful episodes, intimate touches, and to simply feel each other's presence. Video was important to aid couples in understanding each other's actions. Our results illustrate that designs focusing on physical touch over distance should be open to appropriation such that they can augment existing communication routines and technologies.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998247", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998247", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998247"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998247"}
{"title": "Shaping Pro and Anti-Social Behavior on Twitch Through Moderation and Example-Setting", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Joseph Seering", "Robert E. Kraut", "Laura A. Dabbish"], "abstract": "Online communities have the potential to be supportive, cruel, or anywhere in between. The development of positive norms for interaction can help users build bonds, grow, and learn. Using millions of messages sent in Twitch chatrooms, we explore the effectiveness of methods for encouraging and discouraging specific behaviors, including taking advantage of imitation effects through setting positive examples and using moderation tools to discourage antisocial behaviors. Consistent with aspects of imitation theory and deterrence theory, users imitated examples of behavior that they saw, and more so for behaviors from high status users. Proactive moderation tools, such as chat modes which restricted the ability to post certain content, proved effective at discouraging spam behaviors, while reactive bans were able to discourage a wider variety of behaviors. This work considers the intersection of tools, authority, and types of behaviors, offering a new frame through which to consider the development of moderation strategies.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998277", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998277", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998277"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998277"}
{"title": "A Parsimonious Language Model of Social Media Credibility Across Disparate Events", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Tanushree Mitra", "Graham P. Wright", "Eric Gilbert"], "abstract": "Social media has increasingly become central to the way billions of people experience news and events, often bypassing journalists---the traditional gatekeepers of breaking news. Naturally, this casts doubt on the credibility of information found on social media. Here we ask: Can the language captured in unfolding Twitter events provide information about the event's credibility? By examining the first large-scale, systematically-tracked credibility corpus of public Twitter messages (66M messages corresponding to 1,377 real-world events over a span of three months), and identifying 15 theoretically grounded linguistic dimensions, we present a parsimonious model that maps language cues to perceived levels of credibility. While not deployable as a standalone model for credibility assessment at present, our results show that certain linguistic categories and their associated phrases are strong predictors surrounding disparate social media events. In other words, the language used by millions of people on Twitter has considerable information about an event's credibility. For example, hedge words and positive emotion words are associated with lower credibility.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998351", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998351", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998351"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998351"}
{"title": "Knowledge Sharing in Online Discussion Threads: What Predicts the Ratings?", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Yuyang Liang"], "abstract": "As an important category of user-generated content (UGC) community, Question and Answer (Q&A) community offers internet users opportunities to ask questions and share knowledge with others. In order to understand how the ratings of knowledge contribution quality correlate with the way knowledge is being shared in discussion threads, the study examines user behaviors and profiles in a large knowledge sharing community, /r/Techsupport, a discussion based Q&A site in Reddit.com concerning internet and technology problems. Negative binomial regressions and negative binomial mixed models are built to investigate the relationships among thread structure, level of user activity, user profiles and the ratings of threads and comments in the community. Results indicate that in the better rated threads, the structures tend to be more centralized with heterogeneous participants discussing the problem at a deeper level. Meanwhile, contributions with good ratings are more likely to be produced by users who are more engaged in commenting behaviors.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998217", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998217", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998217"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998217"}
{"title": "A Closer Look at the Self-Correcting Crowd: Examining Corrections in Online Rumors", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Ahmer Arif", "John J. Robinson", "Stephanie A. Stanek", "Elodie S. Fichet", "Paul Townsend", "Zena Worku", "Kate Starbird"], "abstract": "This paper examines how users of social media correct online rumors during crisis events. Focusing on Twitter, we identify different patterns of information correcting behaviors and describe the actions, motivations, rationalizations and experiences of people who exhibited them. To do this, we analyze digital traces across two separate crisis events and interviews of fifteen individuals who generated some of those traces. Salient themes ensuing from this work help us describe: 1) different mechanisms of corrective action with respect to who gets corrected and how; 2) how responsibility is positioned for verifying and correcting information; and 3) how users' imagined audience influences their corrective strategy. We synthesize these three components into a preliminary model and explore the role of imagined audiences-both who those audiences are and how they react to and interact with shared information-in shaping users' decisions about whether and how to correct rumors.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998294", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998294", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998294"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998294"}
{"title": "WoZ Way: Enabling Real-time Remote Interaction Prototyping & Observation in On-road Vehicles", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Nikolas Martelaro", "Wendy Ju"], "abstract": "Interaction designers often have difficulty understanding people's real-world experiences with ubiquitous systems. The automobile is a great example of these challenges, where on-road testing is time-consuming and provides little ability for rapid prototyping of interface behavior. We introduce WoZ Way, a system to connect designers to remote drivers. We use live video, audio, car data, and Wizard of Oz speech and interfaces to enable remote observation and interaction prototyping on the road. Our implementation integrates environmental, system level, and social information to make the invisible visible. We tested across three example deployments highlighting usage in interaction prototyping and observational studies. Our findings illustrate how designers explored the situated experiences of people on the road, and how they experimented with different improvisational Wizard of Oz interactions. WoZ Way is both a design research and a design prototyping tool, which can support the work of interaction designers through naturalistic observations, contextual inquiry, and responsive interaction prototyping.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998293", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998293", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998293"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998293"}
{"title": "Bots as Virtual Confederates: Design and Ethics", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Peter M. Krafft", "Michael Macy", "Alex Pentland"], "abstract": "  The use of bots as virtual confederates in online field experiments holds\nextreme promise as a new methodological tool in computational social science.\nHowever, this potential tool comes with inherent ethical challenges. Informed\nconsent can be difficult to obtain in many cases, and the use of confederates\nnecessarily implies the use of deception. In this work we outline a design\nspace for bots as virtual confederates, and we propose a set of guidelines for\nmeeting the status quo for ethical experimentation. We draw upon examples from\nprior work in the CSCW community and the broader social science literature for\nillustration. While a handful of prior researchers have used bots in online\nexperimentation, our work is meant to inspire future work in this area and\nraise awareness of the associated ethical issues.\n", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998354", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998354", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998354", "https://arxiv.org/pdf/1611.00447"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault", "open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998354", "journal_ref": "The 20th ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and\n  Social Computing (CSCW) (2016)", "categories": "cs.CY cs.AI cs.HC cs.SI physics.soc-ph", "cited_by": 0}
{"title": "Configuring the User: \"Robots have Needs Too\"", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["EunJeong Cheon", "Norman Makoto Su"], "abstract": "Users have played a prominent role as \"objects of study\" in HCI, CSCW, and HRI (Human-Robot Interaction). Researchers have begun to problematize the asymmetric relationship between technical experts and users. In this paper, we focus on how roboticists-borrowing a term from Steve Woolgar-\"configure\" their robot users. Instead of focusing on what roboticists think of their robots or what users think of robots, we ask, \"What do roboticists think of users'\" Utilizing two exercises we call futuristic stories and value index cards, we conducted semi-structured interviews with roboticists to examine their discourse on robotics, robots, and users. We found that roboticists framed users as inevitably transforming from a naïve user to a sensible user equipped to handle their ideal, utilitarian robot. Our findings illustrate that roboticists and designers need to make transparent what forms of future users they desire and expect in their design processes.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998329", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998329", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998329"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998329"}
{"title": "\"Do Animals Have Accents?\": Talking with Agents in Multi-Party Conversation", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Martin Porcheron", "Joel E. Fischer", "Sarah Sharples"], "abstract": "In this paper we unpack the use of conversational agents, or so-called intelligent personal assistants (IPAs), in multi-party conversation amongst a group of friends while they are socialising in a café. IPAs such as Siri or Google Now can be found on a large proportion of personal smartphones and tablets, and are promoted as 'natural language' interfaces. The question we pursue here is how they are actually drawn upon in conversational practice? In our work we examine the use of these IPAs in a mundane and common-place setting and employ an ethnomethodological perspective to draw out the character of the IPA-use in conversation. Additionally, we highlight a number of nuanced practicalities of their use in multi-party settings. By providing a depiction of the nature and methodical practice of their use, we are able to contribute our findings to the design of IPAs.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998298", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998298", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998298"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998298"}
{"title": "Agile Research Studios: Orchestrating Communities of Practice to Advance Research Training", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Haoqi Zhang", "Matthew W. Easterday", "Elizabeth M. Gerber", "Daniel Rees Lewis", "Leesha Maliakal"], "abstract": "Undergraduate research experiences enhance learning and professional development, but providing effective and scalable research training is often limited by practical implementation and orchestration challenges. This paper introduces Agile Research Studios (ARS)--a socio-technical system that expands research training opportunities by supporting research communities of practice without increasing faculty mentoring resources. ARS integrates and advances professional best practices and organizational designs, principles for forming effective learning communities, and design of social technologies to overcome the orchestration challenge of one faculty researcher mentoring 20 or more students. We present the results of a two-year pilot of the Design, Technology, and Research (DTR) program, which used the ARS model to improve the quality of learning, produce research outcomes, and lower the barrier to participation while increasing the number of students who receive authentic research training.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998199", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998199", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998199"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998199"}
{"title": "Mechanical Novel: Crowdsourcing Complex Work through Reflection and Revision", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Joy Kim", "Sarah Sterman", "Allegra Argent Beal Cohen", "Michael S. Bernstein"], "abstract": "Crowdsourcing systems accomplish large tasks with scale and speed by breaking work down into independent parts. However, many types of complex creative work, such as fiction writing, have remained out of reach for crowds because work is tightly interdependent: changing one part of a story may trigger changes to the overall plot and vice versa. Taking inspiration from how expert authors write, we propose a technique for achieving interdependent complex goals with crowds. With this technique, the crowd loops between reflection, to select a high-level goal, and revision, to decompose that goal into low-level, actionable tasks. We embody this approach in Mechanical Novel, a system that crowdsources short fiction stories on Amazon Mechanical Turk. In a field experiment, Mechanical Novel resulted in higher-quality stories than an iterative crowdsourcing workflow. Our findings suggest that orienting crowd work around high-level goals may enable workers to coordinate their effort to accomplish complex work.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998196", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998196", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998196"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998196"}
{"title": "Mosaic: Designing Online Creative Communities for Sharing Works-in-Progress", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Joy Kim", "Maneesh Agrawala", "Michael S. Bernstein"], "abstract": "Online creative communities allow creators to share their work with a large audience, maximizing opportunities to showcase their work and connect with fans and peers. However, sharing in-progress work can be technically and socially challenging in environments designed for sharing completed pieces. We propose an online creative community where sharing process, rather than showcasing outcomes, is the main method of sharing creative work. Based on this, we present Mosaic---an online community where illustrators share work-in-progress snapshots showing how an artwork was completed from start to finish. In an online deployment and observational study, artists used Mosaic as a vehicle for reflecting on how they can improve their own creative process, developed a social norm of detailed feedback, and became less apprehensive of sharing early versions of artwork. Through Mosaic, we argue that communities oriented around sharing creative process can create a collaborative environment that is beneficial for creative growth.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998195", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998195", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998195"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998195"}
{"title": "More Than Peer Production: Fanfiction Communities as Sites of Distributed Mentoring", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Sarah A. Evans", "Katie Davis", "Abigail Evans", "Julie Ann Campbell", "David P. Randall", "Kodlee Yin", "Cecilia R. Aragon"], "abstract": "From Harry Potter to American Horror Story, fanfiction is extremely popular among young people. Sites such as Fanfiction.net host millions of stories, with thousands more posted each day. Enthusiasts are sharing their writing and reading stories written by others. Exactly how does a generation known more for videogame expertise than long-form writing become so engaged in reading and writing in these communities? Via a nine-month ethnographic investigation of fanfiction communities that included participant observation, interviews, a thematic analysis of 4,500 reader reviews and an in-depth case study of a discussion group, we found that members of fanfiction communities spontaneously mentor each other in open forums, and that this mentoring builds upon previous interactions in a way that is distinct from traditional forms of mentoring and made possible by the affordances of networked publics. This work extends and develops the theory of distributed mentoring. Our findings illustrate how distributed mentoring supports fanfiction authors as they work to develop their writing skills. We believe distributed mentoring holds potential for supporting learning in a variety of formal and informal learning environments.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998342", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998342", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998342"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998342"}
{"title": "CEPT: Collaborative Editing Tool for Non-Native Authors", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Yeshuang Zhu", "Shichao Yue", "Chun Yu", "Yuanchun Shi"], "abstract": "Due to language deficiencies, individual non-native speakers (NNS) face many difficulties while writing. In this paper, we propose to build a collaborative editing system that aims to facilitate the sharing of language knowledge among non-native co-authors, with the ultimate goal of improving writing quality. We describe CEPT, which allows individual co-authors to generate their own revisions as well as incorporating edits from others to achieve mutual inspiration. The main technical challenge is how to aggregate edits of multiple co-authors and present them in an easy-to-understand way. After iterative design, CEPT highlights three novel features: 1) cross-version sentence mapping for edit tracking, 2) summarization of edits from multiple co-authors, and 3) a collaborative editing interface that enables co-authors to examine, comment on, and borrow edits of others. A preliminary lab study showed that CEPT could significantly improve both the language quality and collaboration experience of NNS writers, due to its efficacy for sharing language knowledge.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998306", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998306", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998306"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998306"}
{"title": "Have your Cake and Eat it Too: Foreign Language Learning with a Crowdsourced Video Captioning System", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Gabriel Culbertson", "Solace Shen", "Erik Andersen", "Malte F. Jung"], "abstract": "Learning from captioned foreign language videos is highly effective, but the availability of such videos is limited. By using speech-to-text technology to generate partially correct transcripts as a starting point, we see an opportunity for learners to build accurate foreign language captions while learning at the same time. We present a system where learners correct captions using automatic transcription and machine-generated suggested alternative words for scaffolding. In a lab study of 49 participants, we found that compared to watching the video with accurate caption, learning and quality of experience were not significantly impaired by the secondary caption correction task using interface designs either with or without scaffolding from speech-to-text generated alternative words. Nevertheless, aggregating corrections reduced word error rate from 19% to 5.5% without scaffolding from suggested-alternatives, and 1.8% with scaffolding. Feedback from participants suggest that emphasizing the learning community contribution aspect is important for motivating learners and reducing frustration.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998268", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998268", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998268"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998268"}
{"title": "Why Did They Do That?: Exploring Attribution Mismatches Between Native and Non-Native Speakers Using Videoconferencing", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Helen Ai He", "Naomi Yamashita", "Ari Hautasaari", "Xun Cao", "Elaine M. Huang"], "abstract": "The meaning we attribute to another's actions significantly impact our subsequent behaviors and interactions towards that person. Distributed teams often combine native speakers (NS) and non-native speakers (NNS) and are particularly prone to making attribution errors. Language difficulties place NNS under a higher cognitive load, potentially leading NS to make inaccurate attributions of NNS. We conducted an exploratory laboratory study to investigate the attributions NS and NNS form about each other in multiparty videoconferencing. Our findings revealed significant mismatches in NS' attributions of NNS behavior, but no significant mismatch in NNS' attributions of NS behavior. Due to cognitive overload stemming from language challenges, NNS were only able to engage in \"compromised\" impression management during the task. Yet, NS were relatively unaware of how profoundly language difficulties impacted NNS' behaviors. Our findings identify opportunities for technology support for NS-NNS interactions, particularly with regards to impression construction and impression management.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998205", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998205", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998205"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998205"}
{"title": "Task Rebalancing: Improving Multilingual Communication with Native Speakers-Generated Highlights on Automated Transcripts", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Mei-Hua Pan", "Naomi Yamashita", "Hao-Chuan Wang"], "abstract": "In multilingual communication through a common language among both native speakers (NS) and non-native speakers (NNS), NNS may encounter problems in comprehending the messages of NS or following conversations. Even though automated speech recognition (ASR) transcripts provide support to NNS, such transcripts may contain errors and impose the need to simultaneously listen and read. To reduce this burden, we propose adding another channel (i.e., highlighting) through which NS can help NNS by highlighting the critical parts of transcripts, thus making them more useful to NNS. In a laboratory study involving 14 triads (two NS and one NNS in each triad), participants engaged in collaborative discussions under two conditions: audio conferencing plus ASR transcripts with and without the highlighting function. NS showed various motivations to perform the extra task of highlighting. The highlighting efforts helped NS themselves focus on the discussion and enhanced their task performance while increasing the clarity and comfort perceived by NNS during communication. Having NS generating highlights can benefit both NS and NNS, but in different ways. We discuss the implications for research and design of multilingual collaborative work.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998304", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998304", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998304"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998304"}
{"title": "Quotes Reveal Community Structure and Interaction Dynamics", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Mattia Samory", "Vincenzo-Maria Cappelleri", "Enoch Peserico"], "abstract": "We investigate community structure and interaction dynamics in online discussion forums through the lens of quotes, examining four forums of different size, language, and topic. Quote usage appears to have an important role in aiding intra-thread navigation, uncovers a hidden social structure in communities otherwise lacking all explicit signals (from friends and followers to reputations) of today's online social networks, and can be used to fingerprint and characterize both individual users and entire communities.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998359", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998359", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998359"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998359"}
{"title": "Call for Service: Characterizing and Modeling Police Response to Serviceable Requests on Facebook", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Niharika Sachdeva", "Ponnurangam Kumaraguru"], "abstract": "Social media platforms have obtained substantial interest of police to connect with residents. This has encouraged residents to report day-to-day law and order concerns such as traffic congestion, missing people, and harassment by cops on these platforms. In this paper, we study day-to-day concerns shared by residents on social media and police response to such concerns. Based on the input of police experts, we define concerns that require police response and attention, as a serviceable request. We provide insights on six textual attributes that can identify serviceable posts. We find such posts are marked by high negative emotions, more factual, and objective content such as location and time of incidences. We show that police response time varies depending upon the kind of serviceable requests. Our work explores a series of statistical models to predict serviceable posts and its different types. We conclude the paper, discussing the implication of our findings on police practices and design needs for possible technological interventions. These technological interventions will help increase the interactions between police and residents and thereby increasing the well-being and safety of society.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998292", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998292", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998292"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998292"}
{"title": "Gender and Cross-Cultural Differences in Social Media Disclosures of Mental Illness", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Munmun De Choudhury", "Sanket S. Sharma", "Tomaz Logar", "Wouter Eekhout", "René Clausen Nielsen"], "abstract": "Cultural and gender norms shape how mental illness and therapy are perceived. However, there is a paucity of adequate empirical evidence around gender and cultural dimensions of mental illness. In this paper we situate social media as a \"lens\" to examine these dimensions. We focus on a large dataset of individuals who self-disclose to have an underlying mental health concern on Twitter. Having identified genuine disclosures in this data via semi-supervised learning, we examine differences in their posts, as measured via linguistic attributes and topic models. Our findings reveal significant differences between the content shared by female and male users, and by users from two western and two majority world countries. Males express higher negativity and lower desire for social support, whereas majority world users demonstrate more inhibition in their expression. We discuss the implications of our work in providing insights into the relationship of gender and culture with mental health, and in the design of gender and culture-aware health interventions.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998220", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998220", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998220"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998220"}
{"title": "Distilling the Outcomes of Personal Experiences: A Propensity-scored Analysis of Social Media", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Alexandra Olteanu", "Onur Varol", "Emre Kiciman"], "abstract": "Millions of people regularly report the details of their real-world experiences on social media. This provides an opportunity to observe the outcomes of common and critical situations. Identifying and quantifying these outcomes may provide better decision-support and goal-achievement for individuals, and help policy-makers and scientists better understand important societal phenomena. We address several open questions about using social media data for open-domain outcome identification: Are the words people are more likely to use after some experience relevant to this experience? How well do these words cover the breadth of outcomes likely to occur for an experience? What kinds of outcomes are discovered? Studying 3-months of Twitter data capturing people who experienced 39 distinct situations across a variety of domains, we find that these outcomes are generally found to be relevant (55-100% on average) and that causally related concepts are more likely to be discovered than conceptual or semantically related concepts.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998353", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998353", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998353"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998353"}
{"title": "Military Masculinity and the Travails of Transitioning: Disclosure in Social Media", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Bryan C. Semaan", "Lauren M. Britton", "Bryan Dosono"], "abstract": "Research suggests that the disclosure of struggles and the connection with sympathetic others are critical during periods of transition. Whereas disclosure has been studied in various contexts, the disclosure strategies of USA (US) veterans transitioning back into civil society has not been explored. Through a qualitative study with 15 veterans re-integrating into civil society, we find that the culture of hyper-masculinity learned and performed during military service leads to challenges to disclosure, or non-disclosure, post-service, negatively impacting how military veterans navigate the transition back into civil society. We explore the disclosure issues and strategies of veterans in both offline and online contexts, finding that veterans used online platforms to navigate the challenges limiting disclosure and connect with supportive resources. We conclude by introducing the concept of delayed disclosure--when people postpone making their struggles known in transition--and provide implications for policy, design and future work to help veterans manage their transitions.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998221", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998221", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998221"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998221"}
{"title": "Aspirational Design and Messy Democracy: Partisanship, Policy, and Hope in an Asian City", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Guo Freeman", "Jeffrey Bardzell", "Shaowen Bardzell"], "abstract": "Recent research in CSCW, urban informatics, and sociotechnical systems has proposed new framings and emphases of the city as a locus of research on computing and called for a heightened focus on the entanglements of social policy and design. Yet there are relatively few empirical investigations of actual policy-design entanglements in specific cities, and of those available, non-Western cities are underrepresented. We report an empirical study of the 2010 Taipei International Flora Expo (TIFE) as a case to explore these urban informatics/social computing issues. Specifically, we offer an empirically grounded analysis of design as a mechanism of public futuring and debates, which contributes to a better understanding of \"participatory urbanship\" [6]; and we do so focusing on a non-Western city, both to ensure a broader representation of urban ways of life and also to de-center Western experiences as the primary basis of urban informatics theory in CSCW.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998291", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998291", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998291"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998291"}
{"title": "Quantifying Search Bias: Investigating Sources of Bias for Political Searches in Social Media", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Juhi Kulshrestha", "Motahhare Eslami", "Johnnatan Messias", "Muhammad Bilal Zafar", "Saptarshi Ghosh", "Krishna P. Gummadi", "Karrie Karahalios"], "abstract": "Search systems in online social media sites are frequently used to find information about ongoing events and people. For topics with multiple competing perspectives, such as political events or political candidates, bias in the top ranked results significantly shapes public opinion. However, bias does not emerge from an algorithm alone. It is important to distinguish between the bias that arises from the data that serves as the input to the ranking system and the bias that arises from the ranking system itself. In this paper, we propose a framework to quantify these distinct biases and apply this framework to politics-related queries on Twitter. We found that both the input data and the ranking system contribute significantly to produce varying amounts of bias in the search results and in different ways. We discuss the consequences of these biases and possible mechanisms to signal this bias in social media search systems' interfaces.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998321", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998321", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998321"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998321"}
{"title": "Engaging with Political and Social Issues on Facebook in College Life", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Yiran Wang", "Gloria Mark"], "abstract": "College students are exposed to a vast amount of information on political and social issues through social media. We studied how college students engage with political and social issues on Facebook in a weeklong study with 50 participants using diary entries and interviews. The interviews revealed a duality of benefits for using Facebook for news and they also revealed challenges of self-presentation around news. Benefits included gaining multiple perspectives and enabling social sense making, providing personal relevance and convenience of access, and the opportunity for social engagement. Impression management and disclosure concerns strongly influence some people to refrain from commenting or sharing news. We discuss the challenges that context collapse poses for Facebook news readers. We suggest design ideas and future directions to encourage more balanced participation with news among college students.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998295", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998295", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998295"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998295"}
{"title": "'Connected Learning' and the Equity Agenda: A Microsociology of Minecraft Play", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Morgan G. Ames", "Jenna Burrell"], "abstract": "We present a microsociology of Minecraft play based on ethnographic observations of a 40-hour co-located Minecraft camp for 28 low-income and minority children in July 2015, supplemented by usage statistics and follow-up interviews. We consider the equity challenges presented by (1) Minecraft itself and the ecosystem supporting it; (2) the multiplayer server we used, which was founded on principles of \"connected learning\"; and (3) our own attempts to promote equity by providing scheduled access to the game in a computer lab. We were partially successful in overcoming players' at-home computer access limitations and improving their computer/technical literacy. Still, we found that language literacy, parental abilities and involvement, racial and gender identities, and diverging interests set our campers apart from others on the server. Overall, the in-game invisibility of our campers worked against the equity aims of connected learning and point to broader patterns of bias in games like Minecraft and other communities of/for children.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998318", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998318", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998318"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998318"}
{"title": "Eliph: Effective Visualization of Code History for Peer Assessment in Programming Education", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Jungkook Park", "Yeong Hoon Park", "Suin Kim", "Alice Oh"], "abstract": "In this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of visualization of code history on peer assessment in computer science education. Peer assessment is found to be an effective learning tool for programming education. While many systems are proposed to support peer assessment in programming education, little effort has been devoted to finding ways to improve the peer assessment by assisting the students to understand the programs they are assessing. We introduce Eliph, a web-based peer assessment system for programming education with code history visualization. Eliph incorporates the visualization of character-level code history, selection-based history tracking and the integration of execution events to assist students in understanding programs written by peers, thereby leading to more effective peer assessment. We evaluate Eliph with an experiment in an undergraduate CS course. We show that visualization of code history has positive effects on promoting higher quality of peer feedback by understanding the intention and thought process.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998285", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998285", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998285"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998285"}
{"title": "Synchronous Collaborative Writing in the Classroom: Undergraduates' Collaboration Practices and their Impact on Writing Style, Quality, and Quantity", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Soobin Yim", "Dakuo Wang", "Judith S. Olson", "Viet Vu", "Mark Warschauer"], "abstract": "Group activities that use Google Docs for simultaneous collaborative writing and editing are increasingly common in higher education. Although studies show that synchronous collaboration can bring multiple benefits, such as enhanced productivity and writing quality, little is known about these writing practices in classrooms and their impact on students' writing. Using a mixed method approach, we conducted an empirical study that explores the different styles of synchronous collaboration in 45 Google Docs documents produced by 82 undergraduate students, and how students' practices affect the specific dimensions of the final text including quality. The results suggest that (a) out of four styles, Divide and Conquer style tended to produce better quality text whereas Main Writer had the lowest quality scores, and that (b) balanced participation and amount of peer editing led to longer texts with higher quality scores for content, evidence, but not organization or mechanics. Given these results, we suggest several design features for collaborative writing systems and propose guidelines for instructional practices.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998356", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998356", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998356"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998356"}
{"title": "Placing Value on Community Co-creations: A Study of a Video Game 'Modding' Community", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Lev Poretski", "Ofer Arazy"], "abstract": "Firms developing software -- and in particular, video game producers - seek to leverage the community of users/developers in enhancing product offering and increasing sales. Despite the practical importance of this phenomena, to date little research has investigated the actual value such communities add aside from few qualitative case studies of successful synergies between commercial enterprises and open-source communities. The objective of this study is to try and quantitatively assess the effectiveness of firms' efforts to increase sales of their product through inducing community's co-creation activity. Our empirical investigation focuses on producers of video games and their user/developer 'modding' community. An analysis of 45 games reveals that when firms are successful at engaging the community, the value added by the modding community contributes to an increase in sales of the base product. Implications for research on open innovation and for practitioners are discussed.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998301", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998301", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998301"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998301"}
{"title": "EduFeed: A Social Feed to Engage Preliterate Children in Educational Activities", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Kiley Sobel", "Geza Kovacs", "Galen McQuillen", "Andrew Cross", "Nirupama Chandrasekaran", "Nathalie Henry Riche", "Ed Cutrell", "Meredith Ringel Morris"], "abstract": "In this work, we present EduFeed, a system that enables preliterate children to explore an algorithmically-mediated social feed of learning exercises, select activities to engage in, and share them with their peers. We deployed EduFeed as a technology probe to three classrooms of ESL students in the first year of elementary school in India who had limited English literacy and limited experience with touchscreen technology. We found that children were able to self-direct their engagement with the system and were initially motivated by digital sharing, while social context surrounding the system in physical space was also important. Based on our design and probe deployment, we reflect on issues relevant to adapting the social feed paradigm to this context, such as ranking algorithms, physicality, immediacy, and bridging physical and digital collaborative experiences.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998231", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998231", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998231"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998231"}
{"title": "How Parents Engage Children in Tablet-Based Reading Experiences: An Exploration of Haptic Feedback", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Drew P. Cingel"], "abstract": "While recent work examines parents and children reading together on tablet computers, the ways in which interactive elements within e-books affect parent-child interaction are not well understood. We examine haptic feedback as a new form of e-book interactivity and analyze how parents and children exploit this dimension when reading together. Results from a laboratory study with 18 parent-child dyads (N=36) reveal that participants reading a haptic e-book talked more about the technology compared to those reading a regular e-book, and this additional talk was a way in which parents elaborated the story narrative. Parents reading a non-haptic e-book, however, engaged in higher rates of expressive behavior (e.g., making sounds, gestures). This suggests that haptic interactivity provides a new resource for parents to draw out the story narrative but may also result in less parent expressivity when reading, both of which have implications for child comprehension and literacy.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998240", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998240", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998240"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998240"}
{"title": "Four Factors that Regulate Teen Technology Use in Everyday Life", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Rachel M. Magee", "Denise E. Agosto", "Andrea Forte"], "abstract": "We examine how teens from an urban area in the Mid-Atlantic region of the USA regulate their use of technology. We framed our research using everyday life information seeking theory [43] and information ecologies [35]. Using a survey, audio and photo diary study, creative free response activity, and semi-structured interviews, we examine teens' perceptions of their everyday life technology use and factors that influence changes in that use, with a focus on understanding non-use, low use, and intentional self-regulation. We describe four factors impacting these practices, including local policies and access, affective factors, life stage and future goals, and relationships. We describe how shifting use practices function in the lives of these teens and discuss the importance of acknowledging teens' skills and preferences for supporting their technology use management.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998310", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998310", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998310"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998310"}
{"title": "Parents Just Don't Understand: Why Teens Don't Talk to Parents about Their Online Risk Experiences", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Pamela J. Wisniewski", "Heng Xu", "Mary Beth Rosson", "John M. Carroll"], "abstract": "Past research has shown that parents tend to underestimate the frequency with which their teens experience online risks. However, little is known about whether and how teens communicate with their parents when online risks do occur. In a two-month, web-based diary study of 68 teen-parent pairs, participants provided separate accounts of the teens' weekly online risk experiences. We found that most teens had little or no communication with their parents regarding their online risk experiences, and parents and teens shared very different perceptions and reactions when risks were reported, helping explain why communication was so poor. We discuss the implications of our results and make recommendations for how researchers and designers may work to improve the state of family communication regarding adolescent online risks in the future.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998236", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998236", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998236"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998236"}
{"title": "Don't Bother Me. I'm Socializing!: A Breakpoint-Based Smartphone Notification System", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Chunjong Park", "Junsung Lim", "Juho Kim", "Sung-Ju Lee", "Dongman Lee"], "abstract": "Smartphone notifications provide application-specific information in real-time, but could distract users from in-person social interactions when delivered at inopportune moments. We explore breakpoint-based notification management, in which the smartphone defers notifications until an opportune moment. With a video survey where participants selected appropriate moments for notifications from a video-recorded social interaction, we identify four breakpoint types: long silence, a user leaving the table, others using smartphones, and a user left alone. We introduce a Social Context-Aware smartphone Notification system, SCAN, that uses build-in sensors to detect social context and identifies breakpoints to defer smartphone notifications until a breakpoint. We conducted a controlled study with ten friend groups who had SCAN installed on their smartphones while dining at a restaurant. Results show that SCAN accurately detects breakpoints (precision=92.0%, recall=82.5%), and reduces notification interruptions by 54.1%. Most participants reported that SCAN helped them to focus better on in-person social interaction and found selected breakpoints appropriate.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998189", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998189", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998189"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998189"}
{"title": "Viewing the Viewers: Publishers' Desires and Viewers' Privacy Concerns in Social Networks", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Roberto Hoyle", "Srijita Das", "Apu Kapadia", "Adam J. Lee", "Kami Vaniea"], "abstract": "Social networking sites are starting to provide users with services that expose information about their audiences' composition and behavior, such as LinkedIn's 'Who's viewed my profile' feature. Providing information about content viewers to content publishers, however, raises new privacy concerns for viewers themselves, possibly creating a chilling effect on viewer behavior. We report on a study of 718 respondents using Mechanical Turk across two surveys to study publishers' (N=402) use and expectations of information about their viewers, and viewers' (N=316) privacy behaviors and concerns in the face of such visibility. Our findings indicate that publishers are generally mindful of viewers' privacy; viewers engage in various self-censorship behaviors in the face of visibility; and in some cases (e.g., dating sites) significant gender differences exist about what information respondents felt should be shared with publishers and required of viewers.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998288", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998288", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998288"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998288"}
{"title": "What (or Who) Is Public?: Privacy Settings and Social Media Content Sharing", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Casey Fiesler", "Michaelanne Dye", "Jessica L. Feuston", "Chaya Hiruncharoenvate", "Clayton J. Hutto", "Shannon Morrison", "Parisa Khanipour Roshan", "Umashanthi Pavalanathan", "Amy S. Bruckman", "Munmun De Choudhury", "Eric Gilbert"], "abstract": "When social networking sites give users granular control over their privacy settings, the result is that some content across the site is public and some is not. How might this content--or characteristics of users who post publicly versus to a limited audience--be different? If these differences exist, research studies of public content could potentially be introducing systematic bias. Via Mechanical Turk, we asked 1,815 Facebook users to share recent posts. Using qualitative coding and quantitative measures, we characterize and categorize the nature of the content. Using machine learning techniques, we analyze patterns of choices for privacy settings. Contrary to expectations, we find that content type is not a significant predictor of privacy setting; however, some demographics such as gender and age are predictive. Additionally, with consent of participants, we provide a dataset of nearly 9,000 public and non-public Facebook posts.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998223", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998223", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998223"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998223"}
{"title": "Susceptibility to Social Influence of Privacy Behaviors: Peer versus Authoritative Sources", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Tamir Mendel", "Eran Toch"], "abstract": "Privacy in Online Social Networks (OSNs) is a dynamic concept, contingent on changes in technology and usage norms. Social influence is a major avenue for adopting online behaviors in general and privacy practices in particular. In this study, we examine how the source of influence affects the perceived behavioral intention to adopt privacy behavior. Our findings are based on a randomized experiment (167 U.S.-based Amazon Mechanical Turk workers) using a custom Facebook application that collects feedback from participants regarding their intention to adopt privacy practices from different types of sources, including authoritative organizations and friends with varying tie strength correlative. Our results show that the source of social influence affects the susceptibility to adopt certain privacy behaviors and that there are different patterns of influence for security and privacy norms. More interestingly, susceptibility is modulated by the privacy perceptions of the user: users with high perceived behavioral control are more susceptible to peer influence. Additionally, we show that the intention to adopt privacy practices is correlated with the intention to further influence other people.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998323", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998323", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998323"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998323"}
{"title": "IdeaWall: Improving Creative Collaboration through Combinatorial Visual Stimuli", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Yang Shi", "Yang Wang", "Ye Qi", "John Chen", "Xiaoyao Xu", "Kwan-Liu Ma"], "abstract": "With the recent advances in computer-supported cooperative work systems and increasing popularization of speech-based interfaces, groupware attempting to emulate a knowledgeable participant in a collaborative environment is bound to become a reality in the near future. In this paper, we present IdeaWall, a real-time system that continuously extracts essential information from a verbal discussion and augments that information with web-search materials. IdeaWall provides combinatorial visual stimuli to the participants to facilitate their creative process. We develop three cognitive strategies, from which a prototype application with three display modes was designed, implemented, and evaluated. The results of the user study with twelve groups show that IdeaWall effectively presents visual cues to facilitate verbal creative collaboration for idea generation and sets the stage for future research on intelligent systems that assist collaborative work.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998208", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998208", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998208"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998208"}
{"title": "Material Vision", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Melanie Feinberg"], "abstract": "How do designers identify substances as materials to be worked into artifacts? Understanding how designer-material collaborations are instantiated, and the effect of those relations on design expression, helps us understand how artifacts come to be as they are. In the digital environment, the relationship between designer and material is complicated by the ambiguous, abstract nature of digital \"substances.\" This conceptual essay uses case studies from a design project to trace the role of community values in the materialization of a particular abstraction: a deliberate positioning of the designer's situated viewpoint. By comparing cases where designers materialize a situated position within the resulting artifact and where designers do not do so, this essay illustrates how community values mediate designer-material collaborations. These case studies also demonstrate the effect of designer-material relations on design expression. The designs that materialize a position structure a more reciprocal, dialogic relationship between designer and user.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998204", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998204", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998204"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998204"}
{"title": "Fostering Cooperative Activism through Critical Design", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["María Menéndez-Blanco", "Pernille Bjørn", "Antonella De Angeli"], "abstract": "Critical design is gaining momentum in interaction design, yet little CSCW research has focused on articulating the cooperative potentials of critical design artefacts. We address this gap by reflecting upon a design project aimed at overturning the prevailing narrative regarding dyslexia in Italy. The adversarial propositions embedded in our critical design artefacts challenged the description of dyslexia as a learning disorder putting forward the view of a learning difference. These artefacts demonstrated their capacity to bridge heterogeneous social worlds (those of teachers, children, and parents) into one cooperative entity and mobilise cooperative activism. The contribution to CSCW is two-fold. Firstly, we introduce the cooperative potentials of critical design artefacts; secondly, we propose critical design as a strategy for researchers engaging with cooperative activism.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998198", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998198", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998198"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998198"}
{"title": "Design Breakdowns: Designer-Developer Gaps in Representing and Interpreting Interactive Systems", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Nolwenn Maudet", "Germán Leiva", "Michel Beaudouin-Lafon", "Wendy E. Mackay"], "abstract": "Professional interaction designers and software developers have different trainings and skills, yet they need to closely collaborate to create interactive systems. We conducted three studies to understand the mismatches between their processes, tools and representations. Based on 16 interviews, we found that current practices induce unnecessary rework and cause discrepancies between the original design and the implementation. We identified three key design breakdowns where designers omitted critical details, ignored the presence of edge cases or disregarded technical limitations. We next observed two face-to-face meetings between designers and developers. We found that early involvement of the developer helped to mitigate potential design breakdowns but new ones emerged as the project unfolded. Finally, we ran a participatory design session with two designer/developer pairs. Both pairs had difficulty representing and communicating pre-existing interactions. Creating complete interaction descriptions required iterating from individual examples to rule-based representations. We conclude with implications for designing collaborative tools that facilitate the designer's ability to express and the developer's ability to implement complex interactive systems.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998190", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998190", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998190"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998190"}
{"title": "Socially Embedded Work: A Study of Wheelchair Users Performing Online Crowd Work in China", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Xianghua Ding", "Patrick C. Shih", "Ning Gu"], "abstract": "Information and Communications Technology (ICT) affords new opportunities for people with disabilities to participate in the workforce. However, little research has investigated how people with disabilities access and perform work through ICT. This paper presents a study of how people with disabilities, particularly those who are wheelchair users, perform online crowd work in China. We highlight an online crowd work practice that is highly embedded in social relationships that are developed through ICT over time. We call this socially embedded work to distinguish it from previous studies describing online crowd work as being devoid of social relationships. Our study uncovers the unique developmental dynamics of the online crowd work community self-organized by wheelchair users in China. Findings suggest that an ecosystem that focuses on fostering social relationships among the stakeholders can potentially address the wide range of issues of online crowd work reported in current crowd work literature.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998282", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998282", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998282"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998282"}
{"title": "Going Gray, Failure to Hire, and the Ick Factor: Analyzing How Older Bloggers Talk about Ageism", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Amanda Lazar", "Mark Diaz", "Robin Brewer", "Chelsea Kim", "Anne Marie Piper"], "abstract": "Ageism is a pervasive, and often invisible, form of discrimination. Though it can affect people of all ages, older adults in particular face age-related stereotypes and bias in their everyday lives. In this paper, we describe the ways in which older bloggers articulate a collective narrative on ageism as it appears in their lives, develop a community with anti-ageist interests, and discuss strategies to navigate and change societal views and institutions. Bloggers criticize stereotypical notions that focus exclusively on losses that occur with age and advocate a view that takes into account the complexity and positive aspects of older adulthood. This paper contributes a unique case of online collective action among older adults while drawing on their online discourse as a way of understanding what ageism means for CSCW.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998275", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998275", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998275"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998275"}
{"title": "The Impact of Assistive Technology on Communication Quality Between Deaf and Hearing Individuals", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Jan Gugenheimer", "Katrin Plaumann", "Florian Schaub", "Patrizia Di Campli San Vito", "Saskia Duck", "Melanie Rabus", "Enrico Rukzio"], "abstract": "Deaf individuals often experience communication difficulties in face-to-face interactions with hearing people. In order to support deaf individuals in such situations, an active stream of assistive technology (AT) research focuses on real-time translation of sign language. We investigate the impact of real-time translation-based ATs on communication quality between deaf and hearing individuals. We conducted a focus group and aWizard of Oz study in which deaf and hearing participants jointly interacted with different assistive technologies. We find that while ATs facilitate communication, communication quality is degraded by to breaks in the conversation. Using Co-Cultural Theory, we identify deaf people as a subordinate group inside a hearing society. Our results indicate that current ATs reinforce this subordination by emphasizing deficiency of mastering the dominant form of communication. Based on our findings, we propose a change in design perspective by enabling the hearing to sign rather than the deaf to \"hear\". We argue that ATs should not be seen as \"just\" a tool for the Deaf but rather as a collaborative technology.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998203", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998203", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998203"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998203"}
{"title": "AACrobat: Using Mobile Devices to Lower Communication Barriers and Provide Autonomy with Gaze-Based AAC", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Alexander Fiannaca", "Ann Paradiso", "Mira Shah", "Meredith Ringel Morris"], "abstract": "Gaze-based alternative and augmentative communication (AAC) devices provide users with neuromuscular diseases the ability to communicate with other people through only the movement of their eyes. These devices suffer from slow input, causing a host of communication breakdowns to occur during face-to-face conversations. These breakdowns lead to decreased user autonomy, conversation quality, and communication partner engagement. Attempts to improve communication through these devices has mainly focused on throughput and rate enhancement, though this has only attained meager results to date. In this work, we address this issue from the top down by considering AAC devices as a form of groupware and designing interactions around this groupware that facilitate better conversations for all involved communicators. We first present qualitative findings on issues with gaze-based AAC and end-user communication preferences; we identify several design guidelines for improving these systems and then present AACrobat, a system that embodies these guidelines and introduces novel interactions by extending gaze-based AAC devices with a mobile companion app. Finally, we present early feedback on AACrobat through three case studies of users with ALS.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998215", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998215", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998215"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998215"}
{"title": "Photo Sharing in the Arab Gulf: Expressing the Collective and Autonomous Selves", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Norah Abokhodair", "Adam Hodges", "Sarah Vieweg"], "abstract": "Current research demonstrates that when people engage in social photo sharing, they are mindful of how audiences perceive and interact with their photos. We extend this vein of inquiry to focus on photo sharing in the context of the Arab Gulf. We provide insight into how this activity is practiced in a region governed by strict adherence to cultural norms and Islamic traditions that dictate how to \"appropriately\" share content in digital settings. In particular, we look at the relationship between photo sharing and its effects on identity and self-presentation. To understand how Saudi and Qatari participants represent themselves through photo sharing applications, we conducted 42 face-to-face interviews. Our results reveal that Arab Gulf users engage in photo sharing practices that construct a collective self, distinct from an autonomous self. This collective self often trumps the autonomous self in shaping photo sharing practices.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998338", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998338", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998338"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998338"}
{"title": "Impression Management in High Context Societies: 'Saving Face' with ICT", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Bryan C. Semaan", "Bryan Dosono", "Lauren M. Britton"], "abstract": "High context societies are defined by their strong interpersonal relationships, where upholding the shared values of the community, writ large, are of the utmost importance. That is, they prioritize collective identity over individual identity. Through a qualitative case study drawing from a set of 90 semi-structured interviews with Iraqi citizens who were living in Iraq during the 2nd Gulf War, we show how through ICT uses and appropriation, people shape, or influence, social complexities within high context societies. We found that people appropriated ICTs in a way such that they could \"save face\" and manage other people's impressions of themselves and, in turn, maintain a positive collective identity. We then explore the use and appropriation of ICTs for impression management in high context societies as a complex process-one that is both social and technical-introduce the notion of technological imperialism, and develop a model of face saving practices that takes collective identity into account.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998222", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998222", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998222"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998222"}
{"title": "Understanding Feedback Expectations on Facebook", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Nir Grinberg", "Shankar Kalyanaraman", "Lada A. Adamic", "Mor Naaman"], "abstract": "When people share updates with their friends on Facebook they have varying expectations for the feedback they will receive. In this study, we quantitatively examine the factors contributing to feedback expectations and the potential outcomes of expectation fulfillment. We conducted two sets of surveys: one asking people about their feedback expectations immediately after posting on Facebook and the other asking how the amount of feedback received on a post matched the participant's expectations. Participants were more likely to expect feedback on content they evaluated as more important, and to a lesser extent more personal. Expectations also depended on participants' age, gender, and level of activity on Facebook. When asked about feedback expectations from specific friends, participants were more likely to expect feedback from closer friends, but expectations varied considerably based on recency of communication, geographical proximity, and the type of relationship (e.g. family, co-worker). Finally, receiving more feedback relative to expectations correlated with a greater feeling of connectedness to one's Facebook friends. The findings suggest implications for the theory and the design of social network sites.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998320", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998320", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998320"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998320"}
{"title": "Platforms, People, and Perception: Using Affordances to Understand Self-Presentation on Social Media", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Michael A. DeVito", "Jeremy P. Birnholtz", "Jeffrey T. Hancock"], "abstract": "The popularity of social media platforms today makes them an important venue for self-presentation, but the unique affordances of these platforms challenge our existing models for understanding self-presentation behavior. In particular, social media provide multiple platforms on which the self may be presented, expand the role other individuals can play in one's own self-presentation, and expand the audience while often simultaneously providing less information about who is in that audience. This paper presents an affordance-based approach to self-presentation on social media platforms rooted in these three challenges and presents a systematic taxonomy for considering aspects of platforms that affect self-presentation. Results from an exploratory study of 193 users suggest significant variation in user perception of our proposed affordances across social media platforms, participant experience levels, and participant personality traits.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998192", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998192", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998192"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998192"}
{"title": "The Art and Science of Persuasion: Not All Crowdfunding Campaign Videos are The Same", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Sanorita Dey", "Brittany R. L. Duff", "Karrie Karahalios", "Wai-Tat Fu"], "abstract": "To successfully raise money using crowdfunding, it is important for a campaign to communicate ideas or products effectively to the potential backers. One of the lesser explored but powerful components of a crowdfunding campaign is the campaign video. To better understand how videos affect campaign outcomes, we analyzed videos from 210 Kickstarter campaigns across three different project categories. In a mixed-methods study, we asked 3150 Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) workers to evaluate the campaign videos. We found six recurrent factors from a qualitative analysis as well as quantitative analysis. Analysis revealed product related and video related factors that were predictive of the final outcome of campaigns over and above the static project representation features identified in previous studies. Both the qualitative and quantitative analysis showed that videos influenced perception differently for projects in different categories, and the differential perception was important for predicting successes of the projects. For example, in technology campaigns, projects perceived to have a lower level of complexity were more likely to be successful; but in design and fashion campaigns, projects perceived to have a higher level of complexity - which perhaps reflected craftsmanship - were more likely to be successful. We conclude with design implications to better support the video making process.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998229", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998229", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998229"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998229"}
{"title": "Video-based Evanescent, Anonymous, Asynchronous Social Interaction: Motivation and Adaption to Medium", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Xiaojuan Ma", "Nan Cao"], "abstract": "Danmaku is an emerging socio-digital media paradigm that puts anonymous, asynchronous user-generated scrolling comments on videos. (How) can danmaku afford the illusion and realization of social interactions, if at all possible given its interactional incoherence nature? To answer this question, we collect Chinese danmaku users' reflection on their motivations to use this social service and explore the actual practices that meet the needs. According to a preliminary danmaku usage survey, users consider it as an information seeking and emotion venting channel. Through archival analysis of real-world data, we find that danmaku commentaries are relatively short, video-centric, saturated with emotions, and similar in syntactic and semantic features. Users have developed a set of mechanisms adapted to the medium, to leverage such text-based messages to foster interpersonal and hyperpersonal communication for sharing of facts, thoughts, and feelings.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998256", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998256", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998256"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998256"}
{"title": "Challenges on the Journey to Co-Watching YouTube", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Emily Sun", "Rodrigo de Oliveira", "Joshua Lewandowski"], "abstract": "In order to better understand social aspects of the short-form video watching experience, we investigated the journey to co-watching, from searching and discovering content, to choosing and experiencing videos with others. After identifying, through a large-scale survey, some of the most typical situations that bring people to YouTube, we deployed a one week-long diary study with 12 participants in which they performed a set of frequent video tasks at their leisure, half by themselves, and half with someone else. Following the diary study, we had participants reenact the diary study tasks remotely with the experimenter. We observed that users face multiple challenges on the journey to co-watching a video. They must share a device designed for an individual, use different methods for selecting videos than when by themselves, negotiate or turn-take in order to make a decision, and potentially watch a video that they do not enjoy. Along this journey, users must engage in impression management to consider how their choices might make them appear to others. We present design recommendations for remote and collocated co-watching to improve the social video watching experience.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998228", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998228", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998228"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998228"}
{"title": "Social Watching a Civic Broadcast: Understanding the Effects of Positive Feedback and Other Users' Opinions", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Misa Maruyama"], "abstract": "People increasingly turn to social media to augment their broadcast viewing experience with a parallel stream of information and opinion. Known as \"social watching,\" the practice of integrating broadcast media and social media has become routine for many citizens tracking live events and breaking news. In a controlled laboratory study, we examined how interactivity and exposure to social media opinions influence a sense of community, attitudes and discussion elaboration. The results suggest that receiving positive feedback to social media posts instills a psychological sense of community in the poster, and this feeling of connectedness is related to greater elaboration of the civic social media discussion. Secondly, the study found support for conformity effects. The third contribution of this work is a better understanding of how the valence of others' social media posts and the user's posting activity influences cognitive elaboration of social media discussions during social watching in civic contexts.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998340", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998340", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998340"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998340"}
{"title": "Awareness Supporting Technologies used in Collaborative Systems: A Systematic Literature Review", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Gustavo López", "Luis A. Guerrero"], "abstract": "Since the establishment of Computer Supported Collaborative Work as a research area, computer advances have change the paradigm of how technology is applied to improve the performance in collaborative scenarios. Notifications are an important part of this improvement. Technological systems have been applied in order to provide collaborators with the sufficient awareness to keep a task going. In this paper we present the protocol and results of a Systematic Literature Review that delves in the application of new technologies to provide awareness in collaborative systems. Moreover, we classify the collaborative systems found in literature using two traditional taxonomies for CSCW in order to understand which notification mechanisms are used to support which systems. Our review covers the last 10 years and classifies system prototypes based on the context in which they are applied, the notification and information gathering mechanism used, and the assessment performed. With over 400 papers reviewed, 83 that met the review requirements were included. The review results show that traditional interfaces and mobile devices are still the most common notification mechanisms. However, ubiquitous devices and non-traditional interfaces have also been used.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998281", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998281", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998281"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998281"}
{"title": "Bots, Seeds and People: Web Archives as Infrastructure", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Ed Summers", "Ricardo Punzalan"], "abstract": "The field of web archiving provides a unique mix of human and automated agents collaborating to achieve the preservation of the web. Centuries old theories of archival appraisal are being transplanted into the sociotechnical environment of the World Wide Web with varying degrees of success. The work of the archivist and bots in contact with the material of the web present a distinctive and understudied CSCW shaped problem. To investigate this space we conducted semi-structured interviews with archivists and technologists who were directly involved in the selection of content from the web for archives. These semi-structured interviews identified thematic areas that inform the appraisal process in web archives, some of which are encoded in heuristics and algorithms. Making the infrastructure of web archives legible to the archivist, the automated agents and the future researcher is presented as a challenge to the CSCW and archival community.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998345", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998345", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998345"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998345"}
{"title": "Characteristics of Collaboration in the Emerging Practice of Open Data Analysis", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Joohee Choi", "Yla R. Tausczik"], "abstract": "The democratization of data science and open government data initiatives are inspiring groups from civic hackers to data journalists to use data to address social issues. The analysis of open government data is expected to encourage citizens to participate in government as well as to improve transparency and efficiency in government processes. Through interviews and survey responses we gathered information on forty projects that involved the analysis of open data. We found that collaborations were interdisciplinary, small in scale, with low turnover, and synchronous communication. Most of the projects asked exploratory questions and made use of descriptive statistics and visualizations. We discuss how these findings contribute to an understanding of the emerging practice of open data analysis and to a broader understanding of open collaboration.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998265", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998265", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998265"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998265"}
{"title": "Competing Currencies: Designing for Politics in Units of Measurement", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Amy Voida", "Ellie Harmon", "Willa Weller", "Aubrey Thornsbury", "Ariana Casale", "Samuel Vance", "Forrest Adams", "Zach Hoffman", "Alex Schmidt", "Kevin Grimley", "Luke Cox", "Aubrey Neeley", "Christopher Goodyear"], "abstract": "We present results of a qualitative study of the information systems used by college and university food banks and find that their inventory systems are characterized by the patchwork use of multiple units of measurement-currencies-collected at different points in their workflow for different stakeholders. Considerations of whether to track information by item count, points, monetary value, or weight are immensely political and privilege some stakeholders over others. We contribute to an emergent body of research in computer-supported cooperative work about the ways in which the politics of measurement influences the design of organizational information systems through an explanation of the ways that these different currencies embody politics and stymie design at the most mundane level of the information system-the unit of measurement.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998209", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998209", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998209"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998209"}
{"title": "Deep Structures of Collaboration: Physiological Correlates of Collective Intelligence and Group Satisfaction", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Prerna Chikersal", "Maria Tomprou", "Young Ji Kim", "Anita Williams Woolley", "Laura Dabbish"], "abstract": "Collective intelligence (CI), a group's capacity to perform a wide variety of tasks, is a key factor in successful collaboration. Group composition, particularly diversity and member social perceptiveness, are consistent predictors of CI, but we have limited knowledge about the mechanisms underlying their effects. To address this gap, we examine how physiological synchrony, as an indicator of coordination and rapport, relates to CI in computer-mediated teams, and if synchrony might serve as a mechanism explaining the effect of group composition on CI. We present results from a laboratory experiment where 60 dyads completed the Test of Collective Intelligence (TCI) together online and rated their group satisfaction, while wearing physiological sensors. We find that synchrony in facial expressions (indicative of shared experience) was associated with CI and synchrony in electrodermal activity (indicative of shared arousal) with group satisfaction. Furthermore, various forms of synchrony mediated the effect of member diversity and social perceptiveness on CI and group satisfaction. Our results have important implications for online collaborations and distributed teams.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998250", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998250", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998250"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998250"}
{"title": "A Glimpse Far into the Future: Understanding Long-term Crowd Worker Quality", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Kenji Hata", "Ranjay Krishna", "Li Fei-Fei", "Michael S. Bernstein"], "abstract": "Microtask crowdsourcing is increasingly critical to the creation of extremely large datasets. As a result, crowd workers spend weeks or months repeating the exact same tasks, making it necessary to understand their behavior over these long periods of time. We utilize three large, longitudinal datasets of nine million annotations collected from Amazon Mechanical Turk to examine claims that workers fatigue or satisfice over these long periods, producing lower quality work. We find that, contrary to these claims, workers are extremely stable in their quality over the entire period. To understand whether workers set their quality based on the task's requirements for acceptance, we then perform an experiment where we vary the required quality for a large crowdsourcing task. Workers did not adjust their quality based on the acceptance threshold: workers who were above the threshold continued working at their usual quality level, and workers below the threshold self-selected themselves out of the task. Capitalizing on this consistency, we demonstrate that it is possible to predict workers' long-term quality using just a glimpse of their quality on the first five tasks.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998248", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998248", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998248"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998248"}
{"title": "Collaboration Trumps Homophily in Urban Mobile Crowdsourcing", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Thivya Kandappu", "Archan Misra", "Randy Tandriansyah"], "abstract": "This paper establishes the power of dynamic collaborative task completion among workers for urban mobile crowd-sourcing. Collaboration is defined via the notion of peer referrals, whereby a worker who has accepted a location-specific task, but is unlikely to visit that location, offloads the task to a willing friend. Such a collaborative framework might be particularly useful for task bundles, especially for bundles that have higher geographic dispersion. The challenge, however, comes from the high similarity observed in the spatio-temporal pattern of task completion among friends. Using extensive real-world crowd-sourcing studies conducted over 7 weeks and 1000+ workers on a campus-based crowd-sourcing platform, we quantify the effect of such \"task completion homophily\", and show that incorporating such peer-preferences can improve worker-specific models of task preferences by over 30%. We then show that such collaborative offloading works in spite of such spatio-temporal similarity, primarily because workers refer tasks to their close friends, who in turn perform such peer-requested tasks (with over 95% completion rate) even if they experience detours that are significantly larger (often more than twice) than what they normally tolerate for platform-recommended tasks.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998311", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998311", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998311"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998311"}
{"title": "Designing for Targeted Responder Models: Exploring Barriers to Respond", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Kerem Özcan", "Dawn Jorgenson", "Christian Richard", "Gary Hsieh"], "abstract": "Targeted responder model is a recent approach in providing initial treatment to cardiac arrest patients. In this model, a group of trained responders are dispatched via mobile devices to nearby cardiac arrests. While prior work shows that targeted responder programs are successful in reducing average response time, less than a quarter of the responders who receive the notification of a nearby cardiac arrest travel to the scene of event. This study is an attempt to better understand barriers to respond in targeted responder programs. We conducted a weeklong diary study and focus groups with 12 participants. We identified four categories of barriers that emerge and we discussed the design implications of our findings within the broader context of location-based crowdsourcing.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998334", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998334", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998334"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998334"}
{"title": "Mobile Collaboration for Human and Canine Police Explosive Detection Teams", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Joelle Alcaidinho", "Larry Freil", "Taylor Kelly", "Kayla Marland", "Chunhui Wu", "Bradley Wittenbrook", "Giancarlo Valentin", "Melody Moore Jackson"], "abstract": "We designed a communication system for law enforcement officers to use when conducting explosive detection searches with multiple agencies. Dogs trained in explosive detection work alongside human handlers to form a K9 team, which are an integral part of these searches. Officers in K9 teams have a strong bond and communication with these dogs, but noisy locations, long distances, and crowded spaces present challenges. In addition, other officers assigned as backup often lack the experience to read the cues from the canine, which hinders the speed and effectiveness of the team. Coordinating a search with teams from different municipalities presents challenges due to a lack of standard collaboration tools. Getting the right information as quickly as possible saves lives, whether this information is about the areas that have been searched or the location of an explosive device. We hope that in addition to increasing public safety, our system will make working conditions safer for law enforcement officers and their canines.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998271", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998271", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998271"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998271"}
{"title": "Constructing Common Information Spaces across Distributed Emergency Medical Teams", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Zhan Zhang", "Aleksandra Sarcevic", "Claus Bossen"], "abstract": "This paper investigates coordination and real-time information sharing across four emergency medical teams in a high-risk and distributed setting as they provide care to critically injured patients within the first hour after injury. Through multiple field studies we explored how common understanding of critical patient data is established across these heterogeneous teams and what coordination mechanisms are being used to support information sharing and interpretation. To interpret the data, we drew on the concept of Common Information Spaces (CIS). Our results showed that teams faced many challenges in achieving efficient information sharing and coordination, including difficulties in locating and assembling team members, communicating and interpreting information from the field, and reconciling differences in team perspectives and information needs, all while having minimal technology support. We reflect on these challenges to suggest an extension of the classic CSCW time-space matrix, as well as future development of CIS as an analytical framework. The paper concludes with design opportunities for supporting highly distributed and heterogeneous teamwork in time-critical work environments.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998328", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998328", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998328"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998328"}
{"title": "Collaboration And Awareness Amongst Flight Attendants", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Stephanie Wong", "Carman Neustaedter"], "abstract": "Collaboration is a core component of work activities amongst flight attendants as they work to promote onboard safety and a high level of customer service. Yet we know little of how flight attendants collaborate and whether or not technology adequately supports their practices. Through an interview study with flight attendants, we explored their collaborative practices and processes and how technology aided such practices. While technologies like interphones and flight attendant call buttons acted as collaboration tools, we identified instances where the usability and functionality of these devices were the main barriers for maintaining efficient communication, situation awareness, and information exchange. Our findings inform the design of future technologies for enhancing communication and collaboration in an aircraft setting amongst flight attendants with an emphasis on real time information access and direct communication between flight attendants regardless of their location.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998355", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998355", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998355"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998355"}
{"title": "Detailing a Spectrum of Motivational Forces Shaping Nomadic Practices", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Aparecido Fabiano Pinatti de Carvalho", "Luigina Ciolfi", "Breda Gray"], "abstract": "Recent CSCW research has shown that nomadicity can be seen as a dynamic process that emerges as people engage with practices supporting them in the mobilisation of their workplace to accomplish work in and across different locations. This paper elaborates on the emergent aspects of the process by detailing a spectrum of motivational and contextual forces that surround and shape nomadic practices. The paper contributes to existing CSCW literature on nomadicity and extends it by articulating the complex intersections of motive and context that shape nomadic practices. The findings that the paper presents emerged from an ethnographic study of a group of academics and their nomadic work/life practices.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998313", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998313", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998313"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998313"}
{"title": "The Challenge of Enterprise Social Networking (Non-)Use at Work: A Case Study of How to Positively Influence Employees' Enterprise Social Networking Acceptanc", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Sven Laumer", "N. Sadat Shami", "Michael J. Muller", "Werner Geyer"], "abstract": "Enterprise social networking (ESN) platforms have been implemented by organizations to support employees' collaboration. However, there has been a reported lack of user participation on these platforms. This study focuses on interventions that can be used to overcome barriers of usage. A case study was conducted at IBM to investigate the effect of several interventions to positively influence ESN acceptance within IBM's Human Resources (HR) function. In this study we combined two rounds of interview data with activity log data. We interviewed the initiators of interventions, and we interviewed the employees targeted by those interventions. The activity logs allowed us to contrast actual usage of the ESN by employees from HR vs. other organizational functions. Compared to other ESN studies this study explicitly identifies factors driving or inhibiting ESN use, and shows how these factors can be addressed by interventions to significantly increase ESN use. Our results can inform and enable other organizations interested in the design of interventions to increase the use of ESN.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998309", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998309", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998309"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998309"}
{"title": "\"They're all going out to something weird\": Workflow, Legacy and Metadata in the Music Production Process", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Glenn McGarry", "Peter Tolmie", "Steve Benford", "Chris Greenhalgh", "Alan Chamberlain"], "abstract": "In this paper we use results from two ethnographic studies of the music production process to examine some key issues regarding how work is currently accomplished in studio production environments. These issues relate in particular to workflows and how metadata is adapted to the specific needs of specific parts of the process. We find that there can be significant tensions between how reasoning is applied to metadata at different stages of production and that this can lead to overheads where metadata has to be either changed or created anew to make the process work. On the basis of these findings we articulate some of the potential solutions we are now examining. These centre in particular upon the notions of Digital/Dynamic Musical Objects and flexible metadata shells.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998325", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998325", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998325"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998325"}
{"title": "What Did I Ask You to Do, by When, and for Whom?: Passion and Compassion in Request Management", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Michael J. Muller", "Casey Dugan", "Michael Brenndoerfer", "Megan Monroe", "Werner Geyer"], "abstract": "Request management occurs at an intersection of CSCW and personal information management (i.e., to-do management), with particular emphasis on social relationships and organizational accountability. We explore diverse work practices and representations for person-to-person requests in organizations, detailing the scatter of communications channels, difficulty of aggregation and prioritization, differences due to context, and the sometimes extraordinary effort and passion that knowledge workers expend on this part of their work, as well as the compassion with which they view their colleagues' efforts. We close with a proposal for the study of socially implicated objects in physical and/or virtual organizations, and implications for the design of services to support request management.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998251", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998251", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998251"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998251"}
{"title": "Fruitful Feedback: Positive Affective Language and Source Anonymity Improve Critique Reception and Work Outcomes", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Duyen T. Nguyen", "Thomas Garncarz", "Felicia Ng", "Laura A. Dabbish", "Steven P. Dow"], "abstract": "Feedback is information that can improve task performance. Online communities, educational forums, and crowd-based feedback platforms all support feedback exchange among a more diverse set of sources than ever before, with greater control over how to moderate this exchange. In this work, we study how the power relationship between the source and receiver and the tone of language influence the recep-tivity, effort, and work performance resulting from online feedback exchange. We conducted an online experiment manipulating affective language and source of feedback on a writing task. We found that critiques with positive affec-tive language increased positive emotions and reduced participants' annoyance and frustration, which led to an increase in work quality, compared to critiques without positive language. Feedback without positive affective language led to more edits, but not better work outcomes. Participants reacted more positively to feedback from an anonymous source than from a peer or an authority. Our findings provide design implications for platforms to support more fruitful feedback exchange.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998319", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998319", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998319"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998319"}
{"title": "Algorithmic Mediation in Group Decisions: Fairness Perceptions of Algorithmically Mediated vs. Discussion-Based Social Division", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Min Kyung Lee", "Su Baykal"], "abstract": "How do individuals perceive algorithmic vs. group-made decisions? We investigated people's perceptions of mathematically-proven fair division algorithms making social division decisions. In our first qualitative study, about one third of the participants perceived algorithmic decisions as less than fair (30% for self, 36% for group), often because algorithmic assumptions about users did not account for multiple concepts of fairness or social behaviors, and the process of quantifying preferences through interfaces was prone to error. In our second experiment, algorithmic decisions were perceived to be less fair than discussion-based decisions, dependent on participants' interpersonal power and computer programming knowledge. Our work suggests that for algorithmic mediation to be fair, algorithms and their interfaces should account for social and altruistic behaviors that may be difficult to define in mathematical terms.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998230", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998230", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998230"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998230"}
{"title": "Using the Model of Regulation to Understand Software Development Collaboration Practices and Tool Support", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Maryi Arciniegas-Mendez"], "abstract": "We developed the Model of Regulation to provide a vocabulary for comparing and analyzing collaboration practices and tools in software engineering. This paper discusses the model's ability to capture how individuals self-regulate their own tasks and activities, how they regulate one another, and how they achieve a shared understanding of project goals and tasks. Using the model, we created an \"action-oriented\" instrument that individuals, teams, and organizations can use to reflect on how they regulate their work and on the various tools they use as part of regulation. We applied this instrument to two industrial software projects, interviewing one or two stakeholders from each project. The model allowed us to identify where certain processes and communication channels worked well, while recognizing friction points, communication breakdowns, and regulation gaps. We believe this model also shows potential for application in other domains.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998360", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998360", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998360"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998360"}
{"title": "Empowering Investors with Social Annotation When Saving for Retirement", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Junius Gunaratne", "Jeremy Burke", "Oded Nov"], "abstract": "Financial prospectuses, which are available to consumers who buy financial products, are intended to help inform decision-making. While prospectuses provide a wealth of information, they are complex and difficult to understand for the vast majority of their intended readers. To help non-experts make informed decisions, we investigated how social annotations with comparative statements embedded into online prospectuses influence users' decisions and perceptions about decisions. We recruited 31 pre-study users to annotate 10 retirement saving plan prospectuses. We then embedded these annotations in prospectuses provided to another set of 228 users (147 novices and 81 experts) in a 35-period retirement saving simulation. Novices benefited from exposure to social annotations, and were more likely to meet their retirement saving goals than those not exposed to annotations. Exposure to social annotations brought novices' performance level to that of experts, but at the same time, led them to lower perceived understanding of the prospectus.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998253", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998253", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998253"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998253"}
{"title": "FollowBias: Supporting Behavior Change toward Gender Equality by Networked Gatekeepers on Social Media", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["J. Nathan Matias", "Sarah Szalavitz", "Ethan Zuckerman"], "abstract": "Networked gatekeepers on social media increasingly influence which people and groups receive media attention. Many unknowingly direct much greater attention to men than to women. Can technologies support these gatekeepers to follow their own values of equality? Theories of value consistency suggest that confronting people with inconsistencies between values and behavior can prompt behavior change. In this paper, we introduce FollowBias, a novel system that offers feedback on the percentage of women that users follow onTwitter. We conduct field deployments of FollowBias with 61 and 78 participants, exploring differences between their values and behavior, their explanations of those differences, and their changes in behavior. In the first, FollowBias users had a 45 percentage point greater chance of increasing the percentage of women followed over one week. In the second, we fail to find an effect. We also offer findings on political and ethical trade-offs in designing systems for behavior change toward equality.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998287", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998287", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998287"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998287"}
{"title": "Possibilities and Limitations of Online Document Tools for Design Collaboration: The Case of Google Docs", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Young-Wook Jung", "Youn-Kyung Lim", "Myungsuk Kim"], "abstract": "Online document collaboration tools, such as Google Docs, offer designers different ways of communicating and working collaboratively compared to face-to-face interaction. In this paper, we attempt to explore the possibilities and limitations of using an online document collaboration tool for design problem-solving activities. A design workshop study was conducted to compare using Google Docs during a design task to face-to-face collaboration. As a result, we found different influences of exploiting an online document collaboration tool and face-to-face interaction on the design process, and identified the properties that afford different characteristics of design problem-solving activity. Based on these findings, we discuss the implications of using an online document collaboration tool and face-to-face interaction for collaborative design.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998297", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998297", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998297"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998297"}
{"title": "The Crafting of DIY Fatherhood", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Tawfiq Ammari", "Sarita Schoenebeck", "Silvia Lindtner"], "abstract": "Prior research shows that the social construction of gender evolves in relation to specific economic and social processes. This paper examines how the practice of DIY (do-it-yourself) making has become a productive frame for a collective of fathers in the U.S. to express masculinity, amidst increasingly precarious economics and shifting norms of gender and labor in the home. Drawing from a qualitative interview study with fathers (n=22) and visual analysis of DIY father blogs (n=29), we examine how DIY fatherhood was produced across the material and discursive practices of blogging. This paper contributes an empirical account of a contemporary phenomenon: the construction and performance of DIY practice as a category of fatherhood identity and domestic masculinity. Further, the paper describes how fathers engage in entrepreneurial thinking as a form of domestic male labor.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998270", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998270", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998270"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998270"}
{"title": "\"This will cause a lot of work.\": Coping with Transferring Files and Passwords as Part of a Personal Digital Legacy", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Joachim Pfister"], "abstract": "We present a qualitative interview study of 39 participants who describe their current practices and concerns with shaping a digital legacy, especially when they are using cloud-based storage services that unify secure file storage and password management functionalities in one service (electronic data safes). After introducing the transactional model of stress and coping as an analytical lens, we report on the users' coping strategies with respect to shaping and giving access to their digital legacy. Pre-mortem password sharing is identified as a common problem-focused coping strategy. Moreover, emotion-focused strategies of avoid-ance and ignorance are discussed. Challenges associated with passing on a digital legacy, such as the lack of enculturated practices, difficulties in the appraisal and selection of information items, the preference for deletion, and implicitly transferring data stewardship duties are described and discussed to develop design implications.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998262", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998262", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998262"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998262"}
{"title": "PSAllocator: Multi-Task Allocation for Participatory Sensing with Sensing Capability Constraints", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Jiangtao Wang", "Yasha Wang", "Daqing Zhang", "Feng Wang", "Yuanduo He", "Liantao Ma"], "abstract": "This paper proposes a novel multi-task allocation framework, named PSAllocator, for participatory sensing (PS). Different from previous single-task oriented approaches, which select an optimal set of users for each single task independently, PSAllocator attempts to coordinate the allocation of multiple tasks to maximize the overall system utility on a multi-task PS platform. Furthermore, PSAllocator takes the maximum number of sensing tasks allowed for each participant and the sensor availability of each mobile device into consideration. PSAllocator utilizes a two-phase offline multi-task allocation approach to achieve the near-optimal goal. First, it predicts the participants' connections to cell towers and locations based on historical data from the telecom operator; Then, it converts the multi-task allocation problem into the representation of a bipartite graph, and employs an iterative greedy process to optimize the task allocation. Extensive evaluations based on real-world mobility traces show that PSAllocator outperforms the baseline methods under various settings.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998193", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998193", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998193"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998193"}
{"title": "Human Library: Understanding Experience Sharing for Community Knowledge Building", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Yun Huang", "Brian Dobreski", "Huichuan Xia"], "abstract": "The human library is an event intended to engage members of the community in sharing and learning from each other's experiences, and is growing in popularity internationally. Human libraries fall within the larger scope of community knowledge sharing but have received little study and remain largely unsupported by technology. In this study, we examine how community libraries organize and host these events. We present how libraries have attempted to utilize technologies and leverage community support to enable human library events. Our findings reveal inconsistencies in the purpose of human library events, as well as technology applications that are not sufficient to support fully collaborative community knowledge building. We highlight opportunities for increased community participation and technological innovation and also suggest a broader consideration of computer-supported collaborative work in the context of human libraries and experience sharing.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998312", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998312", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998312"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998312"}
{"title": "\"At times avuncular and cantankerous, with the reflexes of a mongoose\": Understanding Self-Expression through Augmentative and Alternative Communication Devices", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Shaun K. Kane", "Meredith Ringel Morris", "Ann Paradiso", "Jon Campbell"], "abstract": "Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a disease that causes individuals to lose their ability to control their muscles, eventually leaving them unable to speak or write. People with ALS often transition to using an augmentative and alternative communication device (AAC), which requires both the AAC user and their conversation partners to adjust to new and different communication patterns. We conducted interviews with seven individuals with ALS and their partners, focusing on how AAC use has impacted their communication and personal expression. Our participants experienced a range of communication difficulties, including conversational pacing, personality expression, and interacting with unfamiliar conversational partners. Participants worked to adapt their communication behaviors to the AAC device, but still experienced challenges in expressing themselves, and sometimes felt compelled to withdraw from social interaction. By improving our understanding of how people transition to using AAC, we may inform improved designs for future AAC devices.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998284", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998284", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998284"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998284"}
{"title": "Automatic Alt-text: Computer-generated Image Descriptions for Blind Users on a Social Network Service", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Shaomei Wu", "Jeffrey Wieland", "Omid Farivar", "Julie Schiller"], "abstract": "We designed and deployed automatic alt-text (AAT), a system that applies computer vision technology to identify faces, objects, and themes from photos to generate photo alt-text for screen reader users on Facebook. We designed our system through iterations of prototyping and in-lab user studies. Our lab test participants had a positive reaction to our system and an enhanced experience with Facebook photos. We also evaluated our system through a two-week field study as part of the Facebook iOS app for 9K VoiceOver users. We randomly assigned them into control and test groups and collected two weeks of activity data and their survey feedback. The test group reported that photos on Facebook were easier to interpret and more engaging, and found Facebook more useful in general. Our system demonstrates that artificial intelligence can be used to enhance the experience for visually impaired users on social networking sites (SNSs), while also revealing the challenges with designing automated assistive technology in a SNS context.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998364", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998364", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998364"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998364"}
{"title": "Snitches, Trolls, and Social Norms: Unpacking Perceptions of Social Media Use for Crime Prevention", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Aarti Israni", "Sheena Lewis Erete", "Che L. Smith"], "abstract": "In this paper, we describe how people perceive the use of social media to support crime prevention in their communities. Based on survey and interview data from residents in high- and low-crime neighborhoods in Chicago, we found that African Americans, people from high-crime neighborhoods, and people with low levels of trust in local police are less likely to view social media as an appropriate tool to support citizens or the police in local crime prevention efforts. Residents' concerns include information getting into the wrong hands, trolls, and being perceived as a snitch. Despite concerns with usage, citizens also viewed social media as a tool that can supplement in-person crime prevention efforts and facilitate relationship-building and information sharing. We discuss the complexities of hyper-local usage of social media to combat crime by describing the social and historical contexts in which these tools exist.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998238", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998238", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998238"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998238"}
{"title": "\"They basically like destroyed the school one day\": On Newer App Features and Cyberbullying in Schools", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Vivek K. Singh", "Marie L. Radford", "Qianjia Huang", "Susan Furrer"], "abstract": "This exploratory work studies the effects of emerging app features on the cyberbullying practices in high school settings. These include the increasing prevalence of image/video content, perceived ephemerality, anonymity, and hyperlocal communication. Based on qualitative analysis of focus groups and follow-up individual interviews with high school students, these features were found to influence the practice of cyberbullying, as well as creating negative socio-psychological effects. For example, visual data was found to be used in cyberbullying settings as evidence of contentious events, a repeated reminder, and caused a graphic impact on recipients. Similarly, perceived ephemerality of content was found to be associated with \"broken expectations\" with respect to the apps and severe bullying outcomes for those affected. Results shed light on an important technology-mediated social phenomenon of cyberbullying, improve understanding of app use (and abuse) by the teenage user population, and pave the way for future research on countering appcentric cyberbullying.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998279", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998279", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998279"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998279"}
{"title": "Anyone Can Become a Troll: Causes of Trolling Behavior in Online Discussions", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Justin Cheng", "Michael S. Bernstein", "Cristian Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil", "Jure Leskovec"], "abstract": "In online communities, antisocial behavior such as trolling disrupts constructive discussion. While prior work suggests that trolling behavior is confined to a vocal and antisocial minority, we demonstrate that ordinary people can engage in such behavior as well. We propose two primary trigger mechanisms: the individual's mood, and the surrounding context of a discussion (e.g., exposure to prior trolling behavior). Through an experiment simulating an online discussion, we find that both negative mood and seeing troll posts by others significantly increases the probability of a user trolling, and together double this probability. To support and extend these results, we study how these same mechanisms play out in the wild via a data-driven, longitudinal analysis of a large online news discussion community. This analysis reveals temporal mood effects, and explores long range patterns of repeated exposure to trolling. A predictive model of trolling behavior shows that mood and discussion context together can explain trolling behavior better than an individual's history of trolling. These results combine to suggest that ordinary people can, under the right circumstances, behave like trolls.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998213", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998213", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998213"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998213"}
{"title": "Identifying Women's Experiences With and Strategies for Mitigating Negative Effects of Online Harassment", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Jessica Vitak", "Kalyani Chadha", "Linda Steiner", "Zahra Ashktorab"], "abstract": "The popularity, availability, and ubiquity of information and communication technologies create new opportunities for online harassment. The present study evaluates factors associated with young adult women's online harassment experiences through a multi-factor measure accounting for the frequency and severity of negative events. Findings from a survey of 659 undergraduate and graduate students highlight the relationship between harassment, well-being, and engagement in strategies to manage one's online identity. We further identify differences in harassment experiences across three popular social media platforms: Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. We conclude by discussing this study's contribution to feminist theory and describing five potential design interventions derived from our data that may minimize these negative experiences, mitigate the psychological harm they cause, and provide women with more proactive ways to regain agency when using communication technologies.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998337", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998337", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998337"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998337"}
{"title": "The Role of Information Visibility in Network Gatekeeping: Information Aggregation on Reddit during Crisis Events", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Alex Leavitt", "John J. Robinson"], "abstract": "As social media platforms witness more and more contributions from participants during developing crisis events, some platforms provide affordances that support visibility for specific pieces of information. However, the design of information visibility, especially in the context of controlling information flows (through gatekeeping), may shape how participants collect and share up-to-date information in these systems. This paper looks at the field site of reddit.com through trace ethnography methods to understand how the design of reddit's platform (from algorithms to user roles) impacts the visibility of information and subsequently how participants aggregate information in response to ongoing events. Through trace ethnographic analysis, we illustrate three themes related to tensions around visibility - behavioral, structural, and relational - and show how visibility shapes the work of producing information about crises in social news sites.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998299", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998299", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998299"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998299"}
{"title": "Visual Representations of Disaster", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Melissa Bica", "Leysia Palen", "Chris Bopp"], "abstract": "Nepal was struck by two major earthquakes in April and May 2015 which gave rise to much media attention. Because of photographs' power to influence how people perceive significant events, we investigate how these disasters are represented visually through Twitter-shared images in three ways. First, we compare how geotagged image tweets are distributed vis-à-vis the reported damage, to see if a seemingly \"objective\" method of representation stands up. Second, with an iteratively developed coding scheme, we examine how images are differently produced and shared within global versus local populations and after each earthquake, with the idea that amplification \"collectively instructs\" what features of the event are most important. Third, we analyze how images from other locations, disasters, and time periods are appropriated as part of the \"story\" of the disaster event. We found differences in image popularity, with global twitterers emphasizing recovery and relief efforts in their diffusion of images, and locals emphasizing people suffering and major damage in their sourcing and re-sharing. We also found that globals were more likely to appropriate images, evoking lessons from Sontag about \"the pain of others\" [39].", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998212", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998212", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998212"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998212"}
{"title": "Social Media Seamsters: Stitching Platforms & Audiences into Local Crisis Infrastructure", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Dharma Dailey", "Kate Starbird"], "abstract": "This paper examines social media use after a tragic disaster in a rural community in the USA--the 2014 Oso Landslide. Drawing upon interviews with community members and digital traces from multiple platforms, we explore how affected locals, government responders and journalists utilized a broad range of social media in their work-assembling different platforms to meet the information needs of their audiences. We borrow the analytical lens of stitching suggested by Vertesi, which allows us to see where these infrastructural alignments are seamless vs. seamful-highlighting some of the emergent and persistent challenges for those responding to disasters with and through social media. We demonstrate how this work is extremely dynamic, as the technical affordances of these platforms and the evolving practices of users shape how crisis communication occurs. Simultaneously, the pervasive and in some places institutionalized use of these platforms across a wide range of local actors suggests they are performing as critical infrastructure during crisis response. This raises questions of what it means to have so much local crisis information work occurring through platforms that mediate from a distance.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998290", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998290", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998290"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998290"}
{"title": "Mass Participation During Emergency Response: Event-centric Crowdsourcing in Humanitarian Mapping", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Martin Dittus", "Giovanni Quattrone", "Licia Capra"], "abstract": "Crowdsourcing platforms have become important information providers after disaster events. While they can build on some prior experiences, it is not yet well understood how contributor capacity for such activities is constituted. To what extent are initiatives building a dormant task force that springs to action when it is needed? Alternatively, do they mainly rely on the recruitment of new contributors during disaster events, possibly at the expense of contribution quality? We seek to develop a better understanding of these relationships, using the example of the Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team. In a large-scale quantitative study, we assess the outcomes of 26 campaigns with almost 20,000 participants. We find that event-centric campaigns can be significant recruiting and reactivation events, however that this is not guaranteed. Our analytical methods provide a means of interpreting key differences in outcomes. We close with recommendations relating to the promotion and coordination of event-centric campaigns in HOT and related platforms.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998216", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998216", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998216"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998216"}
{"title": "A Park or A Highway: Overcoming Tensions in Designing for Socio-emotional and Informational Needs in Online Health Communities", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Drashko Nakikj", "Lena Mamykina"], "abstract": "Over the years online health communities (OHCs) have become an important source of information regarding health management and a place for social interaction and emotional support. Previous research suggested that these two types of social support have intricate and complex relationships. In this paper, we report on the results from a secondary analysis of qualitative interviews conducted during several studies examining how individuals make sense of the information collected within an online forum dedicated to diabetes self-management, TuDiabetes. The analysis suggested that informational and socio-emotional needs can at times complement each other, but can also lead to contradictory priorities and expectations for OHC members. Specifically, the study suggested that there are important tensions between these two positions in regards to appropriate topics and focus of conversations, the desire for homogeneity and diversity in opinions, the perceived importance of identifying authoritative voices, and the importance of personal and health-related information in contextualizing members' posts. We discuss these tensions and draw implications for the design of future OHCs.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998339", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998339", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998339"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998339"}
{"title": "Assessing Behavior Stage Progression From Social Media Data", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Jiaxin Liu", "Elissa R. Weitzman", "Rumi Chunara"], "abstract": "Important work rooted in psychological theory posits that health behavior change occurs through a series of discrete stages. Our work builds on the field of social computing by identifying how social media data can be used to resolve behavior stages at high resolution (e.g. hourly/daily) for key population subgroups and times. In essence this approach opens new opportunities to advance psychological theories and better understand how our health is shaped based on the real, dynamic, and rapid actions we make every day. To do so, we bring together domain knowledge and machine learning methods to form a hierarchical classification of Twitter data that resolves different stages of behavior. We identify and examine temporal patterns of the identified stages, with alcohol as a use case (planning or looking to drink, currently drinking, and reflecting on drinking). Known seasonal trends are compared with findings from our methods. We discuss the potential health policy implications of detecting high frequency behavior stages.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998336", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998336", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998336"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998336"}
{"title": "Computational Approaches Toward Integrating Quantified Self Sensing and Social Media", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Munmun De Choudhury", "Mrinal Kumar", "Ingmar Weber"], "abstract": "The growing amount of data collected by quantified self tools and social media hold great potential for applications in personalized medicine. Whereas the first includes health-related physiological signals, the latter provides insights into a user's behavior. However, the two sources of data have largely been studied in isolation. We analyze public data from users who have chosen to connect their MyFitnessPal and Twitter accounts. We show that a user's diet compliance success, measured via their self-logged food diaries, can be predicted using features derived from social media: linguistic, activity, and social capital. We find that users with more positive affect and a larger social network are more successful in succeeding in their dietary goals. Using a Granger causality methodology, we also show that social media can help predict daily changes in diet compliance success or failure with an accuracy of 77%, that improves over baseline techniques by 17%. We discuss the implications of our work in the design of improved health interventions for behavior change.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998219", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998219", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998219"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998219"}
{"title": "Participant Driven Photo Elicitation for Understanding Activity Tracking: Benefits and Limitations", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Nanna Gorm", "Irina Shklovski"], "abstract": "Studying in-situ technology use over time can be difficult and this is especially so when considering technologies such as activity tracking devices explicitly designed to be unobtrusive. Yet understanding activity tracking in practice is crucial, as tracking technologies become important tools for health promotion and health insurance programs. In this paper, we describe a method for a longitudinal participant-driven photo elicitation study of activity tracking. During the five-month long study, our drop-out rates were low and we observed idiosyncratic practices with lapses and particular use patterns among participants along with significant self-reflection on activity tracking as a practice. We describe our method in detail, discussing the necessary adaptations for the study of activity tracking practices. We offer our experiences of benefits and challenges of this process, and suggest points for consideration for future studies in the area.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998214", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998214", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998214"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998214"}
{"title": "Girls Rule, Boys Drool: Extracting Semantic and Affective Stereotypes from Twitter", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Kenneth Joseph", "Wei Wei", "Kathleen M. Carley"], "abstract": "Social identities carry widely agreed upon meanings, called stereotypes, that have important effects on social processes. In the present work, we develop a method to extract the stereotypes of Twitter users. Our method is grounded in two distinct strands of theory, one that represents stereotypes as identities' affective meanings and the other that represents stereotypes as semantic relationships between identities. After validating our approach via a prediction task, we apply the model to a dataset of 45 thousand Twitter users who actively tweeted about the Michael Brown and Eric Garner tragedies. Our work provides unique insights into the stereotypes of these users, as well as providing a way of quantifying stereotypes that blends existing sociological and psychological theory in a novel, parsimonious way.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998187", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998187", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998187"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998187"}
{"title": "Growing Their Own: Legitimate Peripheral Participation for Computational Learning in an Online Fandom Community", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Casey Fiesler", "Shannon Morrison", "R. Benjamin Shapiro", "Amy S. Bruckman"], "abstract": "Online communities dedicated to the creation of fanworks (e.g., fiction or art inspired by media such as books or television shows) often serve as communities of practice for learning communication, artistic, and technical skills. In studying one successful fan fiction archive that was designed and built entirely by (predominantly women) fans, we observed processes of legitimate peripheral participation (LPP) in which some of these fans began in peripheral roles and came to be more involved in the technical aspects of the archive over time. In addition to outlining positive outcomes, we discuss the challenges of supporting learning within this CoP, particularly with respect to the burden on experts. We discuss potential implications and solutions for the problem of expert scarcity in CoPs, and propose that LPP within fan communities can be leveraged for broadening participation in computing among women.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998210", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998210", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998210"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998210"}
{"title": "#Indigenous: Tracking the Connective Actions of Native American Advocates on Twitter", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Morgan Vigil-Hayes", "Marisa Elena Duarte", "Nicholet Deschine Parkhurst", "Elizabeth M. Belding"], "abstract": "With fewer than 66% of eligible voters registered and voter turnout rates 5-14 percentage points lower than any other ethnic group, Native Americans comprise the least participatory ethnic group in U.S. political elections [42, 57, 49, 25]. While discourse surrounding Native American issues and interests has increasingly moved to social media [55, 56], there is a lack of data about Native American political discourse on these platforms. Given the heterogeneity of Native American peoples in the U.S., one way to begin approaching a holistic understanding of Native American political discourse on social media is to characterize how Native American advocates utilize social media platforms for connective action. Using a post-structural, interdisciplinary, mixed methods approach, we use theories of connective action [5] and media richness [14] to analyze a Twitter data set culled from influential Native American advocates and their followers during the 2016 primary presidential election season. Our study sheds light on how Native American advocates use social media to propagate political information and identifies which issues are central to the political discourse of Native American advocates. Furthermore, we demonstrate how the bandwidth characteristics of content impact its propagation and we discuss this in the context of pernicious digital divide effects present in Indian Country.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998194", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998194", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998194"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998194"}
{"title": "Black Lives Matter in Wikipedia: Collective Memory and Collaboration around Online Social Movements", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Marlon Twyman", "Brian C. Keegan", "Aaron D. Shaw"], "abstract": "Social movements use social computing systems to complement offline mobilizations, but prior literature has focused almost exclusively on movement actors' use of social media. In this paper, we analyze participation and attention to topics connected with the Black Lives Matter movement in the English language version of Wikipedia between 2014 and 2016. Our results point to the use of Wikipedia to (1) intensively document and connect historical and contemporary events, (2) collaboratively migrate activity to support coverage of new events, and (3) dynamically re-appraise pre-existing knowledge in the aftermath of new events. These findings reveal patterns of behavior that complement theories of collective memory and collective action and help explain how social computing systems can encode and retrieve knowledge about social movements as they unfold.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998232", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998232", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998232"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998232"}
{"title": "Uncovering Influence Cookbooks: Reverse Engineering the Topological Impact in Peer Ranking Services", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Erwan Le Merrer", "Gilles Trédan"], "abstract": "Ensuring the early detection of important social network users is a challenging task. Some peer ranking services are now well established, such as PeerIndex, Klout, or Kred. Their function is to rank users according to their influence. This notion of influence is however abstract, and the algorithms achieving this ranking are opaque. Following the rising demand for a more transparent web, we explore the problem of gaining knowledge by reverse engineering such peer ranking services, with regards to the social network topology they get as an input. Since these services exploit the online activity of users (and therefore their connectivity in social networks), we provide a precise evaluation of how topological metrics of the social network impact the final user ranking. Our approach is the following: we first model the ranking service as a black-box with which we interact by creating user profiles and by performing operations on them. Through those profiles, we trigger some slight topological modifications. By monitoring the impact of these modifications on the rankings of those profiles, we infer the weight of each topological metric in the black-box, thus reversing the service influence cookbook.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998257", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998257", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998257"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998257"}
{"title": "Classification and Detection of Micro-Level Impact of Issue-Focused Documentary Films based on Reviews", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Rezvaneh Rezapour", "Jana Diesner"], "abstract": "We present novel research at the intersection of review mining and impact assessment of issue-focused information products, namely documentary films. We develop and evaluate a theoretically grounded classification schema, related codebook, corpus annotation, and prediction model for detecting multiple types of impact that documentaries can have on individuals, such as change versus reaffirmation of behavior, cognition, and emotions, based on user-generated content, i.e., reviews. This work broadens the scope of review mining tasks, which typically comprise the prediction of ratings, helpfulness, and opinions. Our results suggest that documentaries can change or reinforce peoples' conception of an issue. We perform supervised learning to predict impact on the sentence level by using data driven as well as predefined linguistic, lexical, and psychological features; achieving an accuracy rate of 81% (F1) when using a Random Forest classifier, and 73% with a Support Vector Machine.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998201", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998201", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998201"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998201"}
{"title": "Extracting Topics with Focused Communities for Social Content Recommendation", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Theodore Georgiou", "Amr El Abbadi", "Xifeng Yan"], "abstract": "A thorough understanding of social media discussions and the demographics of the users involved in these discussions has become critical for many applications like business or political analysis. Such an understanding and its ramifications on the real world can be enabled through the automatic summarization of Social Media. Trending topics are offered as a high level content recommendation system where users are suggested to view related content if they deem the displayed topics interesting. However, identifying the characteristics of the users focused on each topic can boost the importance even for topics that might not be popular or bursty. We define a way to characterize groups of users that are focused in such topics and propose an efficient and accurate algorithm to extract such communities. Through qualitative and quantitative experimentation we observe that topics with a strong community focus are interesting and more likely to catch the attention of users.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998259", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998259", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998259"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998259"}
{"title": "Toward Better Interactions in Recommender Systems: Cycling and Serpentining Approaches for Top-N Item Lists", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Qian Zhao", "Gediminas Adomavicius", "F. Maxwell Harper", "Martijn C. Willemsen", "Joseph A. Konstan"], "abstract": "Current recommender systems often show the same most-highly recommended items again and again ignoring the feedback that users neither rate nor click on those items. We conduct an online field experiment to test two ways of manipulating top-N recommendations with the goal of improving user experience: cycling the top-N recommendation based on their past presentation and serpentining the top-N list mixing the best items into later recommendation requests. We find interesting tensions between opt-outs and activities, user perceived accuracy and freshness. Cycling within the same session might be a \"love it or hate it\" recommender property because users in it have a higher opt-out rate but engage in more activities. Cycling across sessions and serpentining increase user activities without significantly affecting opt-out rates. Users perceive more change and freshness but less accuracy and familiarity. Combining cycling and serpentining does not work as well as each individual manipulation separately. These two ways of manipulations on top-N list demonstrate some attractive properties but also call for innovative approaches to overcome their potential costs.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998211", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998211", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998211"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998211"}
{"title": "Video-Mediated Peer Support in an Online Community for Recovery from Substance Use Disorders", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Sabirat Rubya", "Svetlana Yarosh"], "abstract": "People in recovery from substance use disorders seek peer support through online health communities like InTheRooms.com (ITR). This community provides the unique opportunity to study video-mediated health peer support online, as it hosts over 100 weekly video meetings for fellowships like Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). We describe two synergistic investigations of participants' use, perceptions, and tensions around video meetings on ITR: an online questionnaire, and in-depth inter-views with active site members. We discuss four themes that may be important to other peer-support health communities: opportunities for video-mediated support, synergy with face-to-face contact, challenge of transparency of norms, and the importance of constructive moderation.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998246", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998246", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998246"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998246"}
{"title": "Design Opportunities for Mental Health Peer Support Technologies", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Kathleen O'Leary", "Arpita Bhattacharya", "Sean A. Munson", "Jacob O. Wobbrock", "Wanda Pratt"], "abstract": "Barriers to accessing mental health care leave the majority of people with mental illnesses without professional care. Peer support has been shown to address gaps in care, and could scale to wider audiences through technology. But technology design for mental health peer support lags far behind tools for individuals and clinicians. To identify opportunities for design, we interviewed 18 people with a diverse range of mental illnesses about their use of technology for peer support, and invited them to design technologies that could improve their experience of peer support. We found that technology could enhance peer support for mental health by: (1) matching peers on similarities beyond diagnosis; (2) enhancing accessibility; and (3) proactively mitigating risk through training and intervention. We discuss these findings in the context of the broad peer support literature, and present design opportunities for making mental health peer support tools empowering, accessible, and safe.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998349", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998349", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998349"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998349"}
{"title": "Sensitive Self-disclosures, Responses, and Social Support on Instagram: The Case of #Depression", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Nazanin Andalibi", "Pinar Öztürk", "Andrea Forte"], "abstract": "People can benefit from disclosing negative emotions or stigmatized facets of their identities, and psychologists have noted that imagery can be an effective medium for expressing difficult emotions. Social network sites like Instagram offer unprecedented opportunity for image-based sharing. In this paper, we investigate sensitive self-disclosures on Instagram and the responses they attract. We use visual and textual qualitative content analysis and statistical methods to analyze self-disclosures, associated comments, and relationships between them. We find that people use Instagram to engage in social exchange and story-telling about difficult experiences. We find considerable evidence of social support, a sense of community, and little aggression or support for harmful or pro-disease behaviors. Finally, we report on factors that influence engagement and the type of comments these disclosures attract. Personal narratives, food and beverage, references to illness, and self-appearance concerns are more likely to attract positive social support. Posts seeking support attract significantly more comments. CAUTION: This paper includes some detailed examples of content about eating disorders and self-injury illnesses.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998243", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998243", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998243"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998243"}
{"title": "Defining Digital Self-Harm", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Jessica Pater", "Elizabeth D. Mynatt"], "abstract": "Self-harm is the infliction of pain or injury onto oneself. Though historically these behaviors were relegated to the fringes of communities, information technology now enables new ways to foster and encourage these dangerous activities. This paper defines the concept of digital self-harm as the online communication and activity that leads to, supports, or exacerbates, non-suicidal yet intentional harm or impairment of an individual's physical wellbeing. We outline a research agenda for the CSCW community to understand the correlation and possible causation of offline self-harm behaviors due to online activities, and to design and assess technologies focused on prevention, mitigation and treatment. CAUTION: This paper includes media that could potentially be triggering to those dealing with an eating disorder or with other self-harm related illnesses. Please use caution when reading or disseminating this paper.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998224", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998224", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998224"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998224"}
{"title": "Notes on the Concept of Data Interoperability: Cases from an Ecology of AIDS Research Infrastructures", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["David Ribes"], "abstract": "Data interoperation functions with the logic of a black box. Interoperation is achieved through front-loaded work and epistemically charged negotiation that thereafter become infrastructural, that is, supporting downstream actions without fully revealing the underpinnings that enable those actions. Drawing from ethnographic and archival investigations of data interoperation within and across an ecology of HIV/AIDS research infrastructures, this paper offers several sensitizing concepts for the investigation of how data are brought together and thereafter circulate. Data interoperability is historical, infrastructural, relatively irreversible, negotiated, epistemic, seamful and seamless, and is approaching the status of a general value rather than a specific means to an end.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998344", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998344", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998344"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998344"}
{"title": "When Subjects Interpret the Data: Social Media Non-use as a Case for Adapting the Delphi Method to CSCW", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Eric P. S. Baumer", "Xiaotong Xu", "Christine Chu", "Shion Guha", "Geri K. Gay"], "abstract": "This paper describes the use of the Delphi method as a means of incorporating study participants into the processes of data analysis and interpretation. As a case study, it focuses on perceptions about use and non-use of the social media site Facebook. The work presented here involves three phases. First, a large survey included both a demographically representative sample and a convenience sample. Second, a smaller follow-up survey presented results from that survey back to survey respondents. Third, a series of qualitative member checking interviews with additional survey respondents served to validate the findings of the follow-up survey. This paper demonstrates the utility of Delphi by highlighting the ways that it enables us to synthesize across these three study phases, advancing understanding of perceptions about social media use and non-use. The paper concludes by discussing the broader applicability of the Delphi method across CSCW research.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998182", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998182", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998182"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998182"}
{"title": "Crowdsourcing as a Tool for Research: Implications of Uncertainty", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Edith Law", "Krzysztof Z. Gajos", "Andrea Wiggins", "Mary L. Gray", "Alex C. Williams"], "abstract": "Numerous crowdsourcing platforms are now available to support research as well as commercial goals. However, crowdsourcing is not yet widely adopted by researchers for generating, processing or analyzing research data. This study develops a deeper understanding of the circumstances under which crowdsourcing is a useful, feasible or desirable tool for research, as well as the factors that may influence researchers' decisions around adopting crowdsourcing technology. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 18 researchers in diverse disciplines, spanning the humanities and sciences, to illuminate how research norms and practitioners' dispositions were related to uncertainties around research processes, data, knowledge, delegation and quality. The paper concludes with a discussion of the design implications for future crowdsourcing systems to support research.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998197", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998197", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998197"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998197"}
{"title": "Inquire: Large-scale Early Insight Discovery for Qualitative Research", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Pablo Paredes", "Ana Sofia Rufino Ferreira", "Cory Schillaci", "Gene Ryan Yoo", "Pierre Karashchuk", "Dennis Xing", "Coye Cheshire", "John F. Canny"], "abstract": "We introduce Inquire, a tool designed to enable qualitative exploration of utterances in social media and large-scale texts. As opposed to keyword search, Inquire allows the effective use of sentences as queries to quickly explore millions of documents to retrieve semantically-similar sentences. We apply Inquire to LiveJournal.com (LJ) database, which contains millions of personal diaries, and we use semantic embeddings trained in LJ or Google News (GN) datasets. We present the system design through iterative evaluations with qualitative researchers. We show how queries become a part of the inductive process, enabling researchers to try multiple ideas while gaining intuition and discovering less-obvious insights. We discuss the choice of LJ as a rich source of public posts, the preference for GN embeddings which link formal language (e.g. \"reminiscence triggers\") with colloquial expressions (e.g. \"music brings back memories\"), the interplay between tool and user, and potential qualitative and social research opportunities.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998363", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998363", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998363"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998363"}
{"title": "Supporting Collaboration with Non-Literate Forest Communities in the Congo-Basin", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Michalis Vitos", "Julia Altenbuchner", "Matthias Stevens", "Gillian Conquest", "Jerome Lewis", "Muki Haklay"], "abstract": "Providing indigenous communities with ICT tools and methods for collecting and sharing their Traditional Ecological Knowledge is increasingly recognised as an avenue for improvements in environmental governance and social-environmental justice. In this paper we show how we carried out a usability engineering effort in the \"wild\" context of the Congolese rainforest -- designing, evaluating and iteratively improving novel collaborative data collection interfaces for non-literate forest communities that can subsequently be used to facilitate communication and information sharing with logging companies. Working in this context necessitates adopting a thoroughly flexible approach to the design, development, introduction and evaluation of technology and the modes of interaction it offers. We show that we have improved participant accuracy from about 75% towards 95% and provide a set of guidelines for designing and evaluating ICT solutions in \"extreme circumstances\" -- which hold lessons for CSCW, HCI and ICT4D practitioners dealing with similar challenges.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998242", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998242", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998242"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998242"}
{"title": "When the Internet Goes Down in Bangladesh", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Mehrab Bin Morshed", "Michaelanne Dye", "Syed Ishtiaque Ahmed", "Neha Kumar"], "abstract": "We present a study of internet use and its forced non-use in Bangladesh. In light of current initiatives by state and industry actors to improve internet access and bridge the 'digital divide' for under-served, under-resourced, and underrepresented communities across the world, we offer a situated, qualitative perspective on what the current state of internet use looks like for select social groups in Bangladesh. We analyze how a state-imposed ban attempted to affect the nonuse of particular web-based services and how the affected populations found or did not find workarounds in response. We also discuss takeaways for researchers as well as industry and state actors studying and working towards more equitable access to the internet in the 'developing' world.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998237", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998237", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998237"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998237"}
{"title": "Senior Care for Aging in Place: Balancing Assistance and Independence", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Clara Marques Caldeira", "Matthew J. Bietz", "Marisol Vidauri", "Yunan Chen"], "abstract": "Increasing demands for senior care raise the challenge of how to support independence in older adults while assisting their health management. Most seniors would like to age in place, but concerns about safety lead many to move to a place that can provide basic care support, such as a Continuing Care Retirement Community (CCRC). CCRCs provide different care levels for seniors, from independent living to nursing home. In this paper we examine how independent residents of a CCRC manage their health through a series of self-care and collaborative care activities. We interviewed 18 independent residents and five staff members of a CCRC. We have found that their care involves both external monitoring and self-care, and self-tracking is an integral part of self-care. These different forms of care are interconnected and complimentary. However, negative connotations associated with aging limit their effectiveness. Examining how these care practices function could inform the design of technology for a broader population of seniors aging in place.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998206", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998206", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998206"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998206"}
{"title": "It Takes at Least Two to Tango: Understanding the Cooperative Nature of Elderly Caregiving in Latin America", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Francisco J. Gutierrez", "Sergio F. Ochoa"], "abstract": "Most adult children take care of their parents as they become older. However, the way in which families articulate themselves to care for their older members depends on cultural and social factors, which are different across societies. Given these differences, the design of CSCW systems and related services to support informal elderly caregiving requires contextual understanding of the complex and diverse living experiences and needs of older adults. This paper presents a cross-generational study to better understand the cooperative nature of informal elderly caregiving in Chile and Argentina. The study results show that family members assume implicit roles to fulfill their duties, with practically no coordination and no visibility of the assumed commitments within the family network. This implies that the articulation of the elderly caregiving is inefficient, conflict prone, and unbalanced, where family members assume a separation of concerns based on gender and kinship relationship with the older adult.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998314", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998314", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998314"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998314"}
{"title": "Supporting Everyday Philanthropy: Care Work In Situ and at Scale", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Ellie Harmon", "Matthias Korn", "Amy Voida"], "abstract": "Prior research has drawn attention to numerous problems with ICTs designed for philanthropic contexts. Yet, little is known about how to support philanthropic work in its own right, especially as it transcends formal engagements with nonprofit organizations and suffuses everyday life. In this research, we draw on data from a 33-day mobile diary study augmented by follow-up interviews to examine the work of everyday philanthropy. By taking individuals' philanthropic work-rather than a specific technology or its users-as our unit of analysis, we establish an empirical foundation for a new design space for philanthropic informatics. Our research shows that philanthropic work is not just about transactions of money, goods, or services. Instead, we argue that a lens of care work is a more useful framing of everyday philanthropy. We also draw renewed attention to the myriad roles of institutions beyond that of a resource intermediary.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998330", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998330", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998330"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998330"}
{"title": "Ambiguous Accountability: The Challenges of Identifying and Managing Patient-Related Information Problems in Collaborative Patient-Care Teams", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Alison R. Murphy", "Madhu C. Reddy"], "abstract": "Collaborative patient-care teams rely on accurate and complete information in order to make informed decisions about their patients. However, patient-related information problems (PIPs) are a common occurrence in hospital work. These PIPs are any issues related to patient information that impact the patient-care team's ability to perform their work (e.g., wrong, missing, outdated information). To better understand the challenges that patient-care teams face in identifying and collaboratively managing PIPs related to the use of the electronic health record (EHR), we conducted a qualitative study of patient-care teams during morning rounds. In this paper, we describe the types of PIPs that the team members encountered and how they identified who was accountable for fixing the PIP. Through our analysis, we highlight the challenges that arise when team members have an unclear or conflicting assumption about who is responsible for fixing the PIP. We conclude with a discussion on improving organizational policies and EHR design in order to help reduce ambiguous accountability for the management of PIPs within collaborative teams.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998315", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998315", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998315"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998315"}
{"title": "Putting the Pieces Back Together Again: Contest Webs for Large-Scale Problem Solving", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Thomas W. Malone", "Jeffrey V. Nickerson", "Robert Laubacher", "Laur Hesse Fisher", "Patrick M. De Boer", "Yue Han", "W. Ben Towne"], "abstract": "A key issue, whenever people work together to solve a complex problem, is how to divide the problem into parts done by different people and combine the parts into a solution for the whole problem. This paper presents a novel way of doing this with groups of contests called contest webs. Based on the analogy of supply chains for physical products, the method provides incentives for people to (a) reuse work done by themselves and others, (b) simultaneously explore multiple ways of combining interchangeable parts, and (c) work on parts of the problem where they can contribute the most.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998343", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998343", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998343"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998343"}
{"title": "Capturing Winning Ideas in Online Design Communities", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Faez Ahmed", "Mark D. Fuge"], "abstract": "This paper describes how to find or filter high-quality ideas submitted by members collaborating together in online communities. Typical means of organizing community submissions, such as aggregating community or crowd votes, suffer from the cold-start problem, the rich-get-richer problem, and the sparsity problem. To circumvent those, our approach learns a ranking model that combines 1) community feedback, 2) idea uniqueness, and 3) text features?e.g., readability, coherence, semantics, etc. This model can then rank order submissions by expected quality, supporting community members in finding content that can inspire them and improve collaboration among members. As illustrative example, we demonstrate the model on OpenIDEO--a collaborative community where high-quality submissions are rewarded by winning design challenges. We find that the proposed ranking model finds winning ideas more effectively than existing ranking techniques (comment sorting), as measured using both Discounted Cumulative Gain and human perceptions of idea quality. We also identify the elements of winning ideas that were highly predictive of subsequent success: 1) engagement with community feedback, 2) submission length, and 3) a submission's uniqueness. Ultimately, our approach enables community members and managers to more effectively manage creative stimuli created by large collaborative communities.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998249", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998249", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998249"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998249"}
{"title": "Efficiently Identifying a Well-Performing Crowd Process for a Given Problem", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Patrick M. De Boer", "Abraham Bernstein"], "abstract": "With the increasing popularity of crowdsourcing and crowd computing, the question of how to select a well-performing crowd process for a problem at hand is growing ever more important. Prior work casted crowd process selection to an optimization problem, whose solution is the crowd process performing best for a user's problem. However, existing approaches require users to probabilistically model aspects of the problem, which may entail a substantial investment of time and may be error-prone. We propose to use black-box optimization instead, a family of techniques that do not require probabilistic modelling by the end user. Specifically, we adopt Bayesian Optimization to approximate the maximum of a utility function quantifying the user's (business-) objectives while minimizing search cost. Our approach is validated in a simulation and three real-world experiments. The black-box nature of our approach may enable us to reduce the entry barrier for efficiently building crowdsourcing solutions.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998263", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998263", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998263"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998263"}
{"title": "Huddler: Convening Stable and Familiar Crowd Teams Despite Unpredictable Availability", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Niloufar Salehi", "Andrew McCabe", "Melissa A. Valentine", "Michael S. Bernstein"], "abstract": "Distributed, parallel crowd workers can accomplish simple tasks through workflows, but teams of collaborating crowd workers are necessary for complex goals. Unfortunately, a fundamental condition for effective teams -- familiarity with other members -- stands in contrast to crowd work's flexible, on-demand nature. We enable effective crowd teams with Huddler, a system for workers to assemble familiar teams even under unpredictable availability and strict time constraints. Huddler utilizes a dynamic programming algorithm to optimize for highly familiar teammates when individual availability is unknown. We first present a field experiment that demonstrates the value of familiarity for crowd teams: familiar crowd teams doubled the performance of ad-hoc (unfamiliar) teams on a collaborative task. We then report a two-week field deployment wherein Huddler enabled crowd workers to convene highly familiar teams in 18 minutes on average. This research advances the goal of supporting long-term, team-based collaborations without sacrificing the flexibility of crowd work.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998300", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998300", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998300"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998300"}
{"title": "Supporting Patient-Provider Collaboration to Identify Individual Triggers using Food and Symptom Journals", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Jessica Schroeder", "Jane Hoffswell", "Chia-Fang Chung", "James Fogarty", "Sean Munson", "Jasmine Zia"], "abstract": "Patient-generated data can allow patients and providers to collaboratively develop accurate diagnoses and actionable treatment plans. Unfortunately, patients and providers often lack effective support to make use of such data. We examine patient-provider collaboration to interpret patient-generated data. We focus on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a chronic illness in which particular foods can exacerbate symptoms. IBS management often requires patient-provider collaboration using a patient's food and symptom journal to identify the patient's triggers. We contribute interactive visualizations to support exploration of such journals, as well as an examination of patient-provider collaboration in interpreting the journals. Drawing upon individual and collaborative interviews with patients and providers, we find that collaborative review helps improve data comprehension and build mutual trust. We also find a desire to use tools like our interactive visualizations within and beyond clinic appointments. We discuss these findings and present guidance for the design of future tools.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998276", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998276", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998276"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998276"}
{"title": "Information Work in Bone Marrow Transplant: Reducing Misalignment of Perspectives", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Ayse G. Büyüktür", "Mark S. Ackerman"], "abstract": "Patients are often overwhelmed in their efforts to understand their illnesses and determine what actions to take. In this paper, we want to show why care is sometimes not co-managed well between clinicians and patients, and the necessary information is often not well coordinated. Through a 2.5-year field study of an adult bone marrow transplant (BMT) clinic, we show there are different experiences of temporal ordering, or temporalities, between clinicians and patients (and their caregivers). We also show that misalignments between these temporalities can seriously affect the articulation (coordination) and information work that must go on for people to co-manage their conditions with clinicians. As one example, information flows can be misaligned, as a result of differing temporalities, causing sometimes an overwhelming amount of information to be presented and sometimes a lack of properly contextualized information. We also argue that these misalignments in temporalities, important in medicine, are a general coordination problem.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998361", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998361", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998361"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998361"}
{"title": "Design Considerations for Social Fitness Applications: Comparing Chronically Ill Patients and Healthy Adults", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Yu Chen", "Yunan Chen", "Mirana Michelle Randriambelonoro", "Antoine Geissbühler", "Pearl Pu"], "abstract": "This paper presents findings from a two-month comparative study involving a total of 36 participants using a social fitness application called HealthyTogether. Our aim was to understand whether and how patients with chronic diseases and healthy adults respond differently to social incentives, such as competition, cooperation, and accountability, and how these incentives could relate to their engagement in physical activities. We found that community leaderboard served different goals: healthy adults mainly used it to compete with others, and patients used it to validate their normalcy. For the patients, pairing up with strong ties fostered fulfilling fitness goals, while exercising with strangers diminished them. This study shows that social fitness application design for patients should take into account their need for support from communities and close relationships. Furthermore, our findings point towards opportunities for leveraging and modifying existing social fitness applications for patients' health management.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998350", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998350", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998350"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998350"}
{"title": "\"I'm so glad I met you\": Designing Dynamic Collaborative Support for Young Adult Cancer Survivors", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Jordan Eschler", "Wanda Pratt"], "abstract": "Young adult cancer survivors-individuals in their 20's and 30's-must cope with complicated informational and emotional needs that differ from those of other age groups. Although young adult cancer survivors are resourceful in finding information and support to help meet those needs, they face three distinct, ongoing challenges during and after the cancer experience: (1) feeling isolated; (2) confronting a sense of mortality; and (3) struggling with changing body image and identity. We present empirical findings from qualitative interviews with young adult cancer survivors that demonstrate how these challenges change throughout the illness experience, complicating a survivor's search for information and support. We also characterize the adaptive behaviors survivors employ to overcome these challenges. Given these findings, we suggest design implications for online spaces young adult survivors use to collaborate, as well as resources about privacy and self-presentation that can best support survivors in making decisions about shar-ing information.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998326", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998326", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998326"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998326"}
{"title": "Predicting Member Productivity and Withdrawal from Pre-Joining Attachments in Online Production Groups", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Bowen Yu", "Yuqing Ren", "Loren G. Terveen", "Haiyi Zhu"], "abstract": "Productive and dedicated members are critical to the success of online production communities like Wikipedia. Many communities organize in subgroups where members voluntarily work on projects of shared interest. In this paper, we investigate how members' pre-joining connections with the subgroup predict their productivity and withdrawal after joining. Drawing insights from attachment theories in social psychology, we examine two types of pre-joining connections: textit{identity-based} attachment (how much members' interests were aligned with the subgroup's topics) and textit{bonds-based} attachment (how much members had interacted with other members of the subgroup). Analyses of 79,704 editors in 1,341 WikiProjects show that 1) both identity-based and bonds-based attachment increased editors' post-joining productivity and reduced their likelihood of withdrawal; 2) identity-based attachment had a stronger effect on boosting direct contributions to articles while bonds-based attachment had a stronger effect on increasing article and project coordination, and reducing member withdrawal.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998227", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998227", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998227"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998227"}
{"title": "The Wikipedia Adventure: Field Evaluation of an Interactive Tutorial for New Users", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Sneha Narayan", "Jake Orlowitz", "Jonathan T. Morgan", "Benjamin Mako Hill", "Aaron D. Shaw"], "abstract": "Integrating new users into a community with complex norms presents a challenge for peer production projects like Wikipedia. We present The Wikipedia Adventure (TWA): an interactive tutorial that offers a structured and gamified introduction to Wikipedia. In addition to describing the design of the system, we present two empirical evaluations. First, we report on a survey of users, who responded very positively to the tutorial. Second, we report results from a large-scale invitation-based field experiment that tests whether using TWA increased newcomers' subsequent contributions to Wikipedia. We find no effect of either using the tutorial or of being invited to do so over a period of 180 days. We conclude that TWA produces a positive socialization experience for those who choose to use it, but that it does not alter patterns of newcomer activity. We reflect on the implications of these mixed results for the evaluation of similar social computing systems.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998307", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998307", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998307"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998307"}
{"title": "Privacy, Anonymity, and Perceived Risk in Open Collaboration: A Study of Tor Users and Wikipedians", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Andrea Forte", "Nazanin Andalibi", "Rachel Greenstadt"], "abstract": "This qualitative study examines privacy practices and concerns among contributors to open collaboration projects. We collected interview data from people who use the anonymity network Tor who also contribute to online projects and from Wikipedia editors who are concerned about their privacy to better understand how privacy concerns impact participation in open collaboration projects. We found that risks perceived by contributors to open collaboration projects include threats of surveillance, violence, harassment, opportunity loss, reputation loss, and fear for loved ones. We explain participants' operational and technical strategies for mitigating these risks and how these strategies affect their contributions. Finally, we discuss chilling effects associated with privacy loss, the need for open collaboration projects to go beyond attracting and educating participants to consider their privacy, and some of the social and technical approaches that could be explored to mitigate risk at a project or community level.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998273", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998273", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998273"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998273"}
{"title": "Measuring Global Disease with Wikipedia: Success, Failure, and a Research Agenda", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Reid Priedhorsky", "Dave Osthus", "Ashlynn R. Daughton", "Kelly R. Moran", "Nicholas Generous", "Geoffrey Fairchild", "Alina Deshpande", "Sara Y. Del Valle"], "abstract": "Effective disease monitoring provides a foundation for effective public health systems. This has historically been accomplished with patient contact and bureaucratic aggregation, which tends to be slow and expensive. Recent internet-based approaches promise to be real-time and cheap, with few parameters. However, the question of when and how these approaches work remains open. We addressed this question using Wikipedia access logs and category links. Our experiments, replicable and extensible using our open source code and data, test the effect of semantic article filtering, amount of training data, forecast horizon, and model staleness by comparing across 6 diseases and 4 countries using thousands of individual models. We found that our minimal-configuration, language-agnostic article selection process based on semantic relatedness is effective for improving predictions, and that our approach is relatively insensitive to the amount and age of training data. We also found, in contrast to prior work, very little forecasting value, and we argue that this is consistent with theoretical considerations about the nature of forecasting. These mixed results lead us to propose that the currently observational field of internet-based disease surveillance must pivot to include theoretical models of information flow as well as controlled experiments based on simulations of disease.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998183", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998183", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998183"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998183"}
{"title": "Kurator: Using The Crowd to Help Families With Personal Curation Tasks", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["David Merritt", "Jasmine Jones", "Mark S. Ackerman", "Walter S. Lasecki"], "abstract": "People capture photos, audio recordings, video, and more on a daily basis, but organizing all these digital artifacts quickly becomes a daunting task. Automated solutions struggle to help us manage this data because they cannot understand its meaning. In this paper, we introduce Kurator, a hybrid intelligence system leveraging mixed-expertise crowds to help families curate their personal digital content. Kurator produces a refined set of content via a combination of automated systems able to scale to large data sets and human crowds able to understand the data. Our results with 5 families show that Kurator can reduce the amount of effort needed to find meaningful memories within a large collection. This work also suggests that crowdsourcing can be used effectively even in domains where personal preference is key to accurately solving the task.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998358", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998358", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998358"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998358"}
{"title": "Zaturi: We Put Together the 25th Hour for You. Create a Book for Your Baby", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Bumsoo Kang", "Chulhong Min", "Wonjung Kim", "Inseok Hwang", "Chunjong Park", "Seungchul Lee", "Sung-Ju Lee", "Junehwa Song"], "abstract": "We introduce Zaturi, a system enabling parents to create an audio book for their babies by utilizing micro spare time at work. We define micro spare time at work as tiny fragments of time with low cognitive loads that frequently occur at work, such as waiting for an elevator. We show that putting together micro spare time at work helps a working parent (1) build a tangible symbol conveying his/her thoughts to the beloved baby and (2) develop his/her own feelings of parental achievement without compromising regular working hours. Zaturi lets the parent immediately be aware of micro spare time and provides a crafted interface to seamlessly record the book piece by piece, so that the baby can enjoy listening to the book recorded in the parent's own voice. Through an extensive design process, we characterize the notion of micro spare time and build a working prototype of Zaturi. We also report parents' perceptions and family reactions after a two-week deployment.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998186", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998186", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998186"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998186"}
{"title": "KidKeeper: Design for Capturing Audio Mementos of Everyday Life for Parents of Young Children", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Jasmine Jones", "David Merritt", "Mark S. Ackerman"], "abstract": "Children grow up fast. Many parents want to capture the candid, fleeting moments of their young children's lives to treasure later, but these moments are difficult to anticipate and to capture without disruption. Current technologies to address this are limited to indiscriminately capturing everything, or are dependent on parents' presence and prescience to initiate capture and manually record the moment. To address these limitations, we introduce KidKeeper, a toy-like system to capture, select, and deliver everyday family memories with minimal effort and disruption to family life. It uses an innovative approach to capture that we call \"integrated capture,\" that combines previous attempts to continuously capture family memories with the practice-oriented approach of \"unremarkable computing\" to embed capture capabilities unobtrusively into everyday activities. In our study, we explore how technologies like KidKeeper mediate and align the different interests and values of various family members, namely parents who want precious moments and children who want to play, towards accomplishing a family goal to capture memories of everyday life.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998348", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998348", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998348"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998348"}
{"title": "Work Always in Progress: Analysing Maintenance Practices in Spatial Crowd-sourced Datasets", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Giovanni Quattrone", "Martin Dittus", "Licia Capra"], "abstract": "Crowd-mapping is a form of collaborative work that empowers users to share geographic knowledge. Despite geographic information being intrinsically evolving, little research has so far gone into analysing maintenance practices in these domains. In this paper, we quantitatively capture maintenance dynamics in geographic crowd-sourced datasets, in terms of: the extent to which different maintenance actions are taking place, the type of spatial information that is being maintained, who engages in these practices and where. We apply this method to 117 countries in OpenStreetMap, one of the most successful examples of geographic crowd-sourced datasets. Furthermore, we explore what triggers maintenance, by means of an online survey to which 96 OpenStreetMap contributors took part. Our findings reveal that, although maintenance practices vary substantially from country to country in terms of how widespread they are, strong commonalities exist in terms of what metadata is being maintained, by whom, and what triggers them.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998267", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998267", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998267"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998267"}
{"title": "Communicating Context to the Crowd for Complex Writing Tasks", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Niloufar Salehi", "Jaime Teevan", "Shamsi T. Iqbal", "Ece Kamar"], "abstract": "Crowd work is typically limited to simple, context-free tasks because they are easy to describe and understand. In contrast, complex tasks require communication between the requester and workers to achieve mutual understanding, which can be more work than it is worth. This paper explores the notion of structured communication: using structured microtasks to support communication in the domain of complex writing. Our studies compare a variety of communication mechanisms with respect to the costs to the requester in providing information and the value of that information to workers while performing the task. We find that different mechanisms are effective at different stages of writing. For early drafts, asking the requester to state the biggest problem in the current write-up is valuable and low cost, while later it is more useful for the worker if the requester highlights the text that needs to be improved. These findings can be used to enable richer, more interactive crowd work than what currently seems possible. We incorporate the findings in a workflow for crowdsourcing written content using appropriately timed mechanisms for communicating with the crowd.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998332", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998332", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998332"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998332"}
{"title": "Crowd Guilds: Worker-led Reputation and Feedback on Crowdsourcing Platforms", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Mark E. Whiting", "Dilrukshi Gamage", "Snehalkumar (Neil) S. Gaikwad", "Aaron Gilbee", "Shirish Goyal", "Alipta Ballav", "Dinesh Majeti", "Nalin Chhibber", "Angela Richmond-Fuller", "Freddie Vargus", "Tejas Seshadri Sarma", "Varshine Chandrakanthan", "Teógenes Moura", "Mohamed Hashim Salih", "Gabriel Bayomi Tinoco Kalejaiye", "Adam Ginzberg", "Catherine A. Mullings", "Yoni Dayan", "Kristy Milland", "Henrique Orefice", "Jeff Regino", "Sayna Parsi", "Kunz Mainali", "Vibhor Sehgal", "Sekandar Matin", "Akshansh Sinha", "Rajan Vaish", "Michael S. Bernstein"], "abstract": "  Crowd workers are distributed and decentralized. While decentralization is\ndesigned to utilize independent judgment to promote high-quality results, it\nparadoxically undercuts behaviors and institutions that are critical to\nhigh-quality work. Reputation is one central example: crowdsourcing systems\ndepend on reputation scores from decentralized workers and requesters, but\nthese scores are notoriously inflated and uninformative. In this paper, we draw\ninspiration from historical worker guilds (e.g., in the silk trade) to design\nand implement crowd guilds: centralized groups of crowd workers who\ncollectively certify each other's quality through double-blind peer assessment.\nA two-week field experiment compared crowd guilds to a traditional\ndecentralized crowd work model. Crowd guilds produced reputation signals more\nstrongly correlated with ground-truth worker quality than signals available on\ncurrent crowd working platforms, and more accurate than in the traditional\nmodel.\n", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998234", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998234", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998234", "https://arxiv.org/pdf/1611.01572"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault", "open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998234", "journal_ref": "ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social\n  Computing. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 1902-1913", "categories": "cs.HC", "cited_by": 0}
{"title": "Bias in Online Freelance Marketplaces: Evidence from TaskRabbit and Fiverr", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Aniko Hannak", "Claudia Wagner", "David García", "Alan Mislove", "Markus Strohmaier", "Christo Wilson"], "abstract": "Online freelancing marketplaces have grown quickly in recent years. In theory, these sites offer workers the ability to earn money without the obligations and potential social biases associated with traditional employment frameworks. In this paper, we study whether two prominent online freelance marketplaces - TaskRabbit and Fiverr - are impacted by racial and gender bias. From these two platforms, we collect 13,500 worker profiles and gather information about workers' gender, race, customer reviews, ratings, and positions in search rankings. In both marketplaces, we find evidence of bias: we find that gender and race are significantly correlated with worker evaluations, which could harm the employment opportunities afforded to the workers. We hope that our study fuels more research on the presence and implications of discrimination in online environments.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998327", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998327", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998327"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998327"}
{"title": "Media, Meaning, and Context Loss in Ephemeral Communication Platforms: A Qualitative Investigation on Snapchat", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Luiz Henrique C. B. Cavalcanti", "Alita Pinto", "Jed R. Brubaker", "Lynn S. Dombrowski"], "abstract": "Most social media platforms are persistent in nature, enabling users to re-visit content at their discretion. Platforms with design features that support ephemeral communications, such as Snapchat, have become increasingly popular. During the course of our empirical study, we interviewed 15 Snapchat users about their experiences and practices. Our data reveal that Snapchat users experienced different types of loss, including media, meaning, and context loss, and developed workarounds to deal with those losses, including preemptive action and collaborative saving practices. Our findings revealed a conflict between the user's expectation of the affordance the ephemeral platforms would provide, and the actions user's followed.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998266", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998266", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998266"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998266"}
{"title": "SearchMessenger: Exploring the Use of Search and Card Sharing in a Messaging Application", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Frank R. Bentley", "S. Tejaswi Peesapati"], "abstract": "Previous work creating systems for collaborative search has mainly focused on solutions for the desktop. However, as the majority of web use moves to mobile phones, few systems have been created on this platform to support collaboration around search results. Mobile search is often a collaborative activity where the input of a group is sought before making a decision to purchase something, visit a venue, or book a ticket. However, currently search and messaging applications are separate, creating frustrating copy-and-paste interactions and uninformative blue links or OpenGraph cards in messages. We built the Search Messenger system to support both finding and sharing search results, in the form of rich, interactive cards, directly within a mobile messaging system. After building the system, we conducted a two-week field study exploring how 14 participants used the system in their daily lives. We report on our findings and implications for future mobile applications that embed functionality in messaging.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998255", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998255", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998255"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998255"}
{"title": "Folk Models of Online Behavioral Advertising", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Yaxing Yao", "Davide Lo Re", "Yang Wang"], "abstract": "Online Behavioral Advertising (OBA) is pervasive on the Internet. While there is a line of empirical research that studies Internet users' attitudes and privacy preferences of OBA, little is known about their actual understandings of how OBA works. This is an important question to answer because people often draw on their understanding to make decisions. Through a qualitative study conducted in an iterative manner, we identify four \"folk models\" held by our participants about how OBA works and show how these models are either incomplete or inaccurate in representing common OBA practices. We discuss how privacy tools can be designed to consider these folk models. In addition, most of our participants felt that the information being tracked is more important than who the web trackers are. This suggests the potential for an information-based blocking scheme rather than a tracker-based blocking scheme used by most existing ad-blocking tools.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998316", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998316", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998316"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998316"}
{"title": "TypeTalker: A Speech Synthesis-Based Multi-Modal Commenting System", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Ian Arawjo", "Dongwook Yoon", "François Guimbretière"], "abstract": "Speech commenting systems have been shown to facilitate asynchronous online communication from educational discussion to writing feedback. However, the production of speech comments introduces several challenges to users, including overcoming self-consciousness and time consuming editing. In this paper, we introduce TypeTalker, a speech commenting interface that presents speech as a synthesized generic voice to reduce speaker self-consciousness, while retaining the expressivity of the original speech with natural breaks and co-expressive gestures. TypeTalker streamlines speech editing through a simple textbox that respects temporal alignment across edits. A comparative evaluation shows that TypeTalker reduces speech anxiety during live-recording, and offers easier and more effective speech editing facilities than the previous state-of-the-art interface technique. A follow-up study on recipient perceptions of the produced comments suggests that while TypeTalker's generic voice may be traded-off with a loss of personal touch, it can also enhance the clarity of speech by refining the original speech's speed and accent.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998260", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998260", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998260"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998260"}
{"title": "Understanding Trust amid Delays in Crowdfunding", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Yongsung Kim", "Aaron D. Shaw", "Haoqi Zhang", "Elizabeth Gerber"], "abstract": "Trust is essential for beginning and maintaining relationships online where assessing uncertainties and risks is difficult. While product delays have been shown to reduce trust in e-commerce settings, we understand little about the effect of delays on trust in the increasingly popular context of crowdfunding. In a mixed method study, we examine what factors influence backers' trust in crowdfunding when rewards are delayed. Based on in-depth interviews with crowdfunding participants, we found that a rich set of factors influenced backers' trust including backers' role identity and domain knowledge, backer's research on a creator's background, creators' communication during delays, and duration of delays. To better understand the factors affecting delays, we conducted a regression analysis with 4,089 delayed projects and found that the funding goal, number of backers, percent raised, number of reward levels, and creator's previous crowdfunding experience are associated with the duration of delay. We discuss design implications for managing delays and maintaining trust in crowdfunding.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998207", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998207", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998207"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998207"}
{"title": "\"Not by Money Alone\": Social Support Opportunities in Medical Crowdfunding Campaigns", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Jennifer G. Kim", "Kristen Vaccaro", "Karrie Karahalios", "Hwajung Hong"], "abstract": "Medical crowdfunding helps patients receive financial support from their distributed social networks online. However, little is known about who the patient's supporters are, what support they provide, and why. To address this, we interviewed fifteen people involved in medical crowdfunding, including both beneficiaries and supporters. We found that support networks were larger than beneficiaries expected, with strangers offering support. Supporters offered not only monetary but also volunteering contributions including campaign creation, promotion, and external support. However, the emphasis medical crowdfunding interfaces place on monetary contributions led to social issues. Beneficiaries' close friends felt pressured to donate money they could not afford to give. And beneficiaries promoting the campaign worried they would be judged for requesting money. To mitigate these concerns, we suggest making the variety of volunteering contributions more visible and discuss the design challenges of including such signals in existing systems.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998245", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998245", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998245"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998245"}
{"title": "Founder Center: Enabling Access to Collective Social Capital", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Nicolas Kokkalis", "Chengdiao Fan", "Thomas Breier", "Michael S. Bernstein"], "abstract": "Social costs and limited reach inhibit our use of social capital to solicit help. However, individuals are not the only holders of social capital: groups also possess reputations and social capital, and are often prepared to vouch for their own members. In this paper, we design methods for mobilizing this collective social capital in sociotechnical systems, enabling an individual to ask a trusted group whether it is willing to invest its reputation in doing them a favor. We instantiate this concept with Founder Center, a web platform in which members of a local entrepreneurship accelerator ask the accelerator community to collectively make them introductions to potential funders. In a field experiment, enabling access to collective social capital in this community nearly doubled the odds of members making a social capital request. Requests fulfilled utilizing collective social capital were at least as effective as ones utilizing traditional interpersonal social capital.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998244", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998244", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998244"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998244"}
{"title": "Developing Makerspaces as Sites of Entrepreneurship", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Julie S. Hui", "Elizabeth M. Gerber"], "abstract": "Makerspaces are providing new opportunities for entrepre-neurial development. Based on participant observation and a series of in-depth interviews in an entrepreneurial mak-erspace, we found that the socio-technical environment of a makerspace promotes entrepreneurship by leveraging community-based values of social support, transparency, exploration, and empowerment. The openness of a shared space, access to social technologies, and community of social support helped members develop entrepreneurial skills and self-efficacy. We add to CSCW literature on expanding the role of makerspaces as places of career development through entrepreneurship", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998264", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998264", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998264"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998264"}
{"title": "On the \"How\" and \"Why\" of Emergent Role Behaviors in Wikipedia", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Ofer Arazy", "Hila Lifshitz-Assaf", "Oded Nov", "Johannes Daxenberger", "Martina Balestra", "Coye Cheshire"], "abstract": "Research on peer-production suggests that as participants choose what actions to perform, prototypical activity patterns emerge. Recent work characterized these patterns and demonstrated that informal emergent roles are highly stable. Nonetheless, we know little about the ways in which contributors take on and shed emergent roles. The objectives of this study are to: (a) delineate the temporal dynamics of participants' emergent role taking behaviors, and (b) identify the motivations driving role-transition behaviors. Our study links motivation to role-transition behaviors within Wikipedia. Our first sample covered eleven years and 222,119 contributors, and was used to identify four categories of temporal role-taking behaviors, that differ in their mobility between emergent roles and across Wikipedia articles. Our second examination linked the motivations of 175 new participants to their subsequent role-taking activity over 14 months. Together, the two analyses reveal that role-taking categories can be distinguished based on participants' motivational orientation (intrinsic/extrinsic and self/others-oriented).", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998317", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998317", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998317"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998317"}
{"title": "Problematizing and Addressing the Article-as-Concept Assumption in Wikipedia", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Yilun Lin", "Bowen Yu", "Andrew Hall", "Brent J. Hecht"], "abstract": "Wikipedia-based studies and systems frequently assume that no two articles describe the same concept. However, in this paper, we show that this article-as-concept assumption is problematic due to editors' tendency to split articles into parent articles and sub-articles when articles get too long for readers (e.g. \"Portland, Oregon\" and \"History of Portland, Oregon\" in the English Wikipedia). In this paper, we present evidence that this issue can have significant impacts on Wikipedia-based studies and systems and introduce the sub-article matching problem. The goal of the sub-article matching problem is to automatically connect sub-articles to parent articles to help Wikipedia-based studies and systems retrieve complete information about a concept. We then describe the first system to address the sub-article matching problem. We show that, using a diverse feature set and standard machine learning techniques, our system can achieve good performance on most of our ground truth datasets, significantly outperforming baseline approaches.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998274", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998274", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998274"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998274"}
{"title": "Who Wants to Read This?: A Method for Measuring Topical Representativeness in User Generated Content Systems", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Amanda Menking", "David W. McDonald", "Mark Zachry"], "abstract": "This methods paper details an approach for identifying the representativeness of content in a user generated content (UGC) system while also accounting for endogeneity bias. We leverage metadata from an independent content provider to generate sets of commercially viable terms presumed to be of interest to specific audiences linking those terms to UGC. We describe our method and heuristics at a level of detail allowing others to follow or modify it to study both content representativeness and content gaps in UGC systems. We illustrate the method by investigating how well the English language Wikipedia addresses the content interests of four sample audiences: readers of men's and women's periodicals, and readers of political periodicals geared toward either liberal or conservative ideologies. We also share preliminary findings from each case study to demonstrate our method.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998254", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998254", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998254"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998254"}
{"title": "Wikum: Bridging Discussion Forums and Wikis Using Recursive Summarization", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Amy X. Zhang", "Lea Verou", "David R. Karger"], "abstract": "Large-scale discussions between many participants abound on the internet today, on topics ranging from political arguments to group coordination. But as these discussions grow to tens of thousands of posts, they become ever more difficult for a reader to digest. In this article, we describe a workflow called recursive summarization, implemented in our Wikum prototype, that enables a large population of readers or editors to work in small doses to refine out the main points of the discussion. More than just a single summary, our workflow produces a summary tree that enables a reader to explore distinct subtopics at multiple levels of detail based on their interests. We describe lab evaluations showing that (i) Wikum can be used more effectively than a control to quickly construct a summary tree and (ii) the summary tree is more effective than the original discussion in helping readers identify and explore the main topics.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998235", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998235", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998235"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998235"}
{"title": "Vernacular Visualization Practices in a Citizen Science Project", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Jaime Snyder"], "abstract": "Vernacular visualizations are visual representations of information created by and for non-expert users, in contrast to those developed by experts for specialized audiences. Research looking at everyday design practices and the democratization of innovation indicates that deeper understanding of non-expert design practices has a positive impact on technology development. This qualitative study focuses on the creation, use and dissemination of vernacular visualizations in a citizen science project. Findings from this research (1) map visualization practices in an established citizen science project, (2) contribute to theoretical understanding of the ways in which vernacular visualization practices support data-rich collaborative and coordinated work, and (3) suggest ways in which visualizations and visual resources can be evaluated in terms of their abilities to enrich coordination and communication in these contexts.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998239", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998239", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998239"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998239"}
{"title": "Soylent Diet Self-Experimentation: Design Challenges in Extreme Citizen Science Projects", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Markéta Dolejsová", "Denisa Kera"], "abstract": "Quantified self-experimentation with personal diets is a popular activity among health enthusiasts, diagnosed patients, as well as \"life hackers\" pursuing self-optimization goals. In this paper, we reflect on self-experimentation practices in the context of amateur citizen science communities. We report findings from 11 month-long qualitative fieldwork in a community of nutrition hobbyists experimenting with a powdered food substitute \"soylent\". Our respondents customized the soylent powders to their personal needs, tracked their metabolic reactions to the diet, and discussed their findings with the online soylent user community. Although the data and knowledge sharing within the community positively impacted respondents' nutrition literacy, these activities created risks regarding their health safety and data privacy. We define soylent self-experimentation as a form of \"extreme citizen science\". Based on the limitations identified in the soylent community, we suggest a set of design recommendations for extreme citizen science projects.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998365", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998365", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998365"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998365"}
{"title": "Accounting for Privacy in Citizen Science: Ethical Research in a Context of Openness", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Anne Bowser", "Katie Shilton", "Jenny Preece", "Elizabeth Muthoni Warrick"], "abstract": "In citizen science, volunteers collect and share data with researchers, other volunteers, and the public at large. Data shared in citizen science includes information on volunteer location or other sensitive personal information; yet, volunteers do not typically express privacy concerns. This study uses the framework of contextual integrity to understand privacy accounting in the context of citizen science, by analyzing contextual variables including roles; information types; data flows and transmission principles; and, uses, norms, and values. Findings show that uses, norms, and values-including core values shared by researchers and public volunteers, and the motivations of individual volunteers' have a significant impact on privacy accounting. Overall, citizen science volunteers and practitioners share and promote openness and data sharing over protecting privacy. Studying the context of citizen science offers an example of contextually-appropriate data sharing that can inform broader questions about research ethics in an age of pervasive data. Based on these findings, this paper offers implications for designing data and information flows and supporting technologies in public and voluntary data sharing projects.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998305", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998305", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998305"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998305"}
{"title": "From Crowd to Community: A Survey of Online Community Features in Citizen Science Projects", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Neal Reeves", "Ramine Tinati", "Sergej Zerr", "Max Van Kleek", "Elena Simperl"], "abstract": "Online citizen science projects have been increasingly used in a variety of disciplines and contexts to enable large-scale scientific research. The successes of such projects have encouraged the development of customisable platforms to enable anyone to run their own citizen science project. However, the process of designing and building a citizen science project remains complex, with projects requiring both human computation and social aspects to sustain user motivation and achieve project goals. In this paper, we conduct a systematic survey of 48 citizen science projects to identify common features and functionality. Supported by online community literature, we use structured walkthroughs to identify different mechanisms used to encourage volunteer contributions across four dimensions: task visibility, goals, feedback, and rewards. Our findings contribute to the ongoing discussion on citizen science design and the relationship between community and microtask design for achieving successful outcomes.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998302", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998302", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998302"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998302"}
{"title": "Data Tracking in Search of Workflows", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Naja L. Holten Møller", "Pernille Bjørn", "Jonas Christoffer Villumsen", "Tine C. Hansen Hancock", "Toshimitsu Aritake", "Shigeyuki Tani"], "abstract": "Introducing data tracking of patients, doctors, medicine, or medical equipment holds promise to optimize workflows within hospitals. However, placing tracking devices and collecting data does not automatically translate into new workflows; instead, it requires careful considerations, knowledge about the activities tracked, and technical knowledge. In this paper, we study the interdisciplinary work involved when data tracking techniques are used to construe workflows within a real life work setting: architectural design of hospitals. We provide an ethnographic account from a unique study where two types of data tracking techniques were utilized in an existing hospital with the aim of informing the architectural design of a future hospital. The paper makes three contributions. First, we characterize the work involved in construing workflows based upon data tracking. Second, we discuss surveillance as an empirical category, which emerged in our study. Finally, we argue that to be able to construe workflows based upon data tracking, balancing the seamless boundary of privacy in work and surveillance in cooperation with the practitioners is of critical importance. Without support from the practitioners, data quality is at risk, and the resulting workflows might turn out 'flawed'.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998296", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998296", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998296"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998296"}
{"title": "Clinical and Non-Clinical Handovers: Designing for Critical Moments", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Allan Stisen", "Nervo Verdezoto"], "abstract": "Recent studies call for attention to the relevant work that non-clinical personnel do, not only to support clinical work, but also to the overall healthcare information infrastructure. Based on a case study of orderlies work in a major university hospital, we further investigate and characterize orderlies work with particular focus on handover situations as these support the collaboration and continuous coverage of hospital work practices. The case study involves interviews with orderlies and clinicians and a pilot study of a task management application. Based on our findings, we describe three different types of handovers (clinical to non-clinical, non-clinical to clinical, and intra non-clinical), and highlight the challenges that arise during the main tasks with handovers situations: patient transport and patient mobilization. We discuss the importance of establishing and sustaining a common ground, supporting the alignment of tasks and negotiations, as well as enhancing the patient contact within and among clinical and non-clinical personnel. We also present a couple of design recommendations to account for these challenges and handover types in the design of handover tools to support orderlies work practices.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998333", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998333", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998333"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998333"}
{"title": "Beyond Health Literacy: Supporting Patient-Provider Communication during an Emergency Visit", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Sun Young Park", "Yunan Chen", "Shriti Raj"], "abstract": "Patient-provider communication is crucial to the quality of patient care. To avoid communication breakdowns, existing studies often aim to improve patients' health literacy or providers' interpersonal communication skills. Little has been done to look at the interaction between the two parties or the situated health practices where the communication occurs. To understand the barriers and the underlying factors leading to challenges in the patient-provider communication, we conducted an ethnographic study with patients and providers in an emergency care setting. We report three different communication difficulties between patients and providers: 1) conflicting perceptions of how the ED functions, 2) different understandings of the alternative information sources available in the ED, and 3) different perceptions of what information is critical to ED care. Highlighting the importance of ED practice literacy and balanced information sources, we discuss design opportunities for systems to support effective patient-provider communication during emergency care.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998357", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998357", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998357"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998357"}
{"title": "Send Me a Different Message: Utilizing Cognitive Space to Create Engaging Message Triggers", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Rafal Kocielnik", "Gary Hsieh"], "abstract": "Social systems and applications often rely on message triggers to promote, remind and even persuade people to perform certain actions. However, repeated exposure to these triggers can lead to boredom, annoyance and decreased engagement. While existing research suggests that diversification of trigger contents may mitigate these issues, no systematic way of introducing it has been proposed. This paper proposes two message diversification strategies based on the use of cognitive spaces: 1) target-diverse -- using concepts cognitively close to the targeted action; and 2) self-diverse -- using concepts cognitively close to the message's recipient. Through a controlled experiment we found that the self-diverse strategy reduces annoyance and boredom from repeated exposure and that both strategies increase perceived informativeness and helpfulness of the triggers. In a subsequent 2-week long field deployment focused on assessing the effects of the self-diverse strategy, we found that this strategy results in higher activity completion through supporting awareness, providing more information, and making the triggers more personally relevant. These diverse triggers are perceived as motivators rather than simple reminders. We conclude with insights on how to design and generate diverse messages.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998324", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998324", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998324"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998324"}
{"title": "More to Meetings: Challenges in Using Speech-Based Technology to Support Meetings", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Moira McGregor", "John C. Tang"], "abstract": "Personal assistants using a command-dialogue model of speech recognition, such as Siri and Cortana, have become increasingly powerful and popular for individual use. In this paper we explore whether similar techniques could be used to create a speech-based agent system which, in a group meeting setting, would similarly monitor spoken dialogue, pro-actively detect useful actions, and carry out those actions without specific commands being spoken. Using a low-fi technical probe, we investigated how such a system might perform in the collaborative work setting and how users might respond to it. We recorded and transcribed a varied set of nine meetings from which we generated simulated lists of automated 'action items', which we then asked the meeting participants to review retrospectively. The low rankings given on these discovered items are suggestive of the difficulty in applying personal assistant technology to the group setting, and we document the issues emerging from the study. Through observations, we explored the nature of meetings and the challenges they present for speech agents.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998335", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998335", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998335"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998335"}
{"title": "Looking Away and Catching Up: Dealing with Brief Attentional Disconnection in Synchronous Groupware", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Carl Gutwin", "Scott Bateman", "Gaurav Arora", "Ashley Coveney"], "abstract": "Awareness information in shared-workspace groupware is often ephemeral, and when users are interrupted or look away from the system, they can miss important information about others' activities. These attentional disconnections are brief (generally less than ten seconds), are frequent in many work environments, and can occur for many reasons. In this paper, we provide visualization techniques that can help groupware users recover from these short absences. First, we provide a simple attention monitor that informs groupware systems whether a user is looking at the screen and whether the workspace is visible. Second, we provide a framework of catch-up techniques for visualizing missed activity -- including highlighting, motion traces, and replay. We implemented these techniques in three applications that cover different communication methods and interaction speeds, and explored the use of the effects in three studies. Participants clearly saw the value of catch-up techniques, and although different techniques were preferred in different situations, nearly all users strongly preferred the catch-up techniques. Our work shows that helping users deal with periods of attentional disconnection can substantially improve the usability of real-time groupware systems.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998226", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998226", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998226"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998226"}
{"title": "Mixed Presence Collaboration using Scalable Visualizations in Heterogeneous Display Spaces", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Thomas Marrinan", "Jason Leigh", "Luc Renambot", "Angus G. Forbes", "Steve Jones", "Andrew E. Johnson"], "abstract": "Mixed presence collaboration involves remote collaboration between multiple collocated groups. This paper presents the design and results of a user study that focused on mixed presence collaboration using large-scale tiled display walls. The research was conducted in order to compare data synchronization schemes for multi-user visualization applications. Our study compared three techniques for sharing data between display spaces with varying constraints and affordances. The results provide empirical evidence that using data sharing techniques with continuous synchronization between the sites lead to improved collaboration for a search and analysis task between remotely located groups. We have also identified aspects of synchronized sessions that result in increased remote collaborator awareness and parallel task coordination. It is believed that this research will lead to better utilization of large-scale tiled display walls for distributed group work.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998346", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998346", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998346"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998346"}
{"title": "AlphaRead: Support Unambiguous Referencing in Remote Collaboration with Readable Object Annotation", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Yuan-Chia Chang", "Hao-Chuan Wang", "Hung-Kuo Chu", "Shung-Ying Lin", "Shuo-Ping Wang"], "abstract": "As experts and expertise are increasingly distributed across distance, remote collaboration on physical tasks also becomes popular. Physical collaboration requires collaborators to produce and resolve references to physical objects unambiguously. We present a novel annotation system called AlphaRead that enables users to add and see readable annotations of physical objects, such as labels in letter, in a dynamic video-mediated workspace. Explicit support for object readability can help people coordinate language and vision for collaboration, and allow them to directly read out object labels as a way to make unambiguous references. Object readability as a resource of linguistic references can reduce the ambiguity and complexity associated with traditional methods of referential expressions such as deictic pronouns (\"this\" or \"that\") or descriptions of object attributes. In a video-mediated collaboration study, by making objects referable with readable labels, we improved the communication efficiency over the alternative options of using raw video or video with non-readable annotations to collaborate. We also identified patterns of language behaviors that people exhibited with readable labels and discussed the implications to the design of collaboration support tools.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998258", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998258", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998258"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998258"}
{"title": "Caring through Data: Attending to the Social and Emotional Experiences of Health Datafication", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Elizabeth Kaziunas", "Mark S. Ackerman", "Silvia Lindtner", "Joyce M. Lee"], "abstract": "Designing systems to support the social context of personal data is a topic of importance in CSCW, particularly in the area of health and wellness. The relational complexities and psychological consequences of living with health data, however, are still emerging. Drawing on a 12+ month ethnography and corroborating survey data, we detail the experiences of parents using Nightscout--an open source, DIY system for remotely monitoring blood glucose data-with their children who have type one diabetes. Managing diabetes with Nightscout is a deeply relational and (at times) contested activity for parent-caregivers, whose practices reveal the tensions and vulnerabilities of caregiving work enacted through data. As engagement with personal data becomes an increasingly powerful way people experience life, our findings call for alternative data narratives that reflect a multiplicity of emotional concerns and social arrangements. We propose the analytic lens of caring-through-data as a way forward.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998303", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998303", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998303"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998303"}
{"title": "\"Okay, One More Episode\": An Ethnography of Parenting in the Digital Age", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Melissa Mazmanian", "Simone Lanette"], "abstract": "Parenting is a complex and morally loaded endeavor, especially in our technologically saturated world. Popular culture, news articles, and children's groups regularly suggest that parents should monitor and control children's experiences with media. Parents are thus encouraged to establish clear rules around technology exposure, screen time, and access to content. HCI parenting research tends to reflect these general messages and often assumes that media 'rules' are the norm, or at least the goal, in families. Through a two-year ethnographic study of nine families we find that the presence of technology rules is not as straightforward as literature and mainstream media suggest. In particular, our data proposes that media rules are highly variable across and within families, regularly undermined in practice, and more often around exposure than content. Further, we find that the impetuses for various family policies around media use are related to how rules are enacted in practice. Given the loaded emotional stakes that parents in this study place on negotiating media use and exposure, we argue that it is important for designers to take a more situated perspective on parenting practices.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998218", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998218", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998218"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998218"}
{"title": "WAKEY: Assisting Parent-child Communication for Better Morning Routines", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Meng-Ying Chan", "Yi-Hsuan Lin", "Long-Fei Lin", "Ting-Wei Lin", "Wei-Che Hsu", "Chia-Yu Chang", "Rui Liu", "Ko-Yu Chang", "Min-Hua Lin", "Jane Yung-jen Hsu"], "abstract": "Parent-child communication is an essential element in behavioral and character development in early childhood; however, parents may find it difficult to be aware of how they talk to their children. Through extensive field studies with experts and parents, we found that parents are more likely to experience communication conflict with preschool children (3-6 years old) on school mornings. In consultation with domain professionals and families, we designed WAKEY, a technology-based approach that helps parents use better communication strategies to teach preschool children to carry out their morning routines. Following the intervention with WAKEY, parents reported significantly reduced levels of frustration during morning routines and greater independent behavior by children. Furthermore, parents reported experiencing changes in their parenting attitudes and finding new insights into communication.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998233", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998233", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998233"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998233"}
{"title": "From Personal Informatics to Family Informatics: Understanding Family Practices around Health Monitoring", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Laura R. Pina", "Sang-Wha Sien", "Teresa Ward", "Jason C. Yip", "Sean A. Munson", "James Fogarty", "Julie A. Kientz"], "abstract": "In families composed of parents and children, the health of parents and children is often interrelated: the health of children can have an impact on the health of parents, and vice versa. However, the design of health tracking technologies typically focuses on individual self-tracking and self-management, not yet addressing family health in a unified way. To examine opportunities for family-centered health informatics, we interviewed 14 typically healthy families, interviewed 10 families with a child with a chronic condition, and conducted three participatory design sessions with children aged 7 to 11. Although we identified similarities between family-centered tracking and personal self-tracking, we also found families want to: (1) identify ripple effects between family members; (2) consider both caregivers and children as trackers to support distributing the burdens of tracking across family members; and (3) identify and pursue health guidelines that consider the state of their family (e.g., specific health guidelines for families that include a child with a chronic condition). We contribute to expanding the design lens from self-tracking to family-centered health tracking.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998362", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998362", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998362"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998362"}
{"title": "What Makes a Strong Team?: Using Collective Intelligence to Predict Team Performance in League of Legends", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Young Ji Kim", "David Engel", "Anita Williams Woolley", "Jeffrey Yu-Ting Lin", "Naomi McArthur", "Thomas W. Malone"], "abstract": "Recent research has demonstrated that (a) groups can be characterized by a collective intelligence (CI) factor that measures their ability to perform together on a wide range of different tasks, and (b) this factor can predict groups' performance on other tasks in the future. The current study examines whether these results translate into the world of teams in competitive online video games where self-organized, time-pressured, and intense collaboration occurs purely online. In this study of teams playing the online game League of Legends, we find that CI does, indeed, predict the competitive performance of teams controlling for the amount of time played as a team. We also find that CI is positively correlated with the presence of a female team member and with the team members' average social perceptiveness. Finally, unlike in prior studies, tacit coordination in this setting plays a larger role than verbal communication.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998185", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998185", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998185"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998185"}
{"title": "Team Dating Leads to Better Online Ad Hoc Collaborations", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Ioanna Lykourentzou", "Robert E. Kraut", "Steven P. Dow"], "abstract": "Forming work teams involves matching people with complementary skills and personalities, but requires obtaining such data a priori. We introduce team dating, where people interact on brief tasks before working with a dedicated partner for longer, more complex tasks. We studied team dating through two online experiments. In Experiment 1, workers from a crowd platform independently wrote an ad slogan, discussed it with three consecutive people and evaluated their team date interactions. They then selected preferred teammates from a list showing average ratings for people they had dated and not dated. Results show that participants evaluated their dates based on evidence beyond externally judged slogan quality, and relied heavily on their dyad-specific judgments in selecting teammates. In Experiment 2, we replicated the individual and team dating tasks, and formed teams, either i) by honoring pairwise team dating preferences, ii) randomly from their pool of dates, or iii) randomly from those not dated. Results show that teams formed from preferred dates performed better on a final creative task compared to random dates or non-dates. Team dating provides a dynamic technique for forming ad hoc teams accounting for interpersonal dynamics. The initial interactions provided information that helped people select and work with an appropriate teammate.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998322", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998322", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998322"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998322"}
{"title": "Does Collectivism Inhibit Individual Creativity?: The Effects of Collectivism and Perceived Diversity on Individual Creativity and Satisfaction in Virtual Ideation Teams", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Teng Ye", "Lionel P. Robert Jr."], "abstract": "One particular problem CSCW and HCI scholars have sought to address through the design of collaborative systems is the issues associated with diversity and creativity. Diversity can promote creativity by exposing individuals to different perspectives and at the same time make it difficult for teams to leverage their differences to be more creative. This paper asserts that through the promotion of cooperation, collectivism will help ideation team members overcome the challenges associated with diversity and promote creativity. To examine this assertion, we conducted an experimental study involving 107 individuals in 33 idea-generation teams. Collectivism was promoted through priming. The results confirm our assertion: collectivism created conditions that facilitated creativity when teams were high in perceived diversity. Collectivism also facilitated more satisfaction among teammates by offsetting negative perceptions of diversity. These results offer new insights on collectivism, perceived diversity and creativity.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998261", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998261", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998261"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998261"}
{"title": "Online Customization Sharing Ecosystems: Components, Roles, and Motivations", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Mona Haraty", "Joanna McGrenere", "Andrea Bunt"], "abstract": "The rise of open platforms and public APIs has enabled more users of customizable software to customize by installing plugins or add-ons that are created and shared by others. Despite the prevalence of online customization sharing, we know little about how and why online customizations are shared. Through interviews with 20 users of four diverse systems who have extensive experience with sharing their customizations, we reveal the concept of customization sharing ecosystems. These ecosystems include multiple components for hosting customizations, discussing, and managing them; the ecosystems are sustained through users acting in a diverse set of roles (e.g., sharers, re-users, reviewers, problem reporters, requesters, helpers, publicizers, and packers). Our interviews also reveal motivations for creating and sharing customizations online which overlap considerably with those in open source software. Our findings highlight tradeoffs and design considerations in these ecosystems.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998289", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998289", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998289"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998289"}
{"title": "\"It's Not Yet A Gift\": Understanding Digital Gifting", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Hyosun Kwon", "Boriana Koleva", "Holger Schnädelbach", "Steve Benford"], "abstract": "A myriad of digital artifacts are routinely exchanged online. While previous studies suggest that these are sometimes considered to be gifts, CSCW has largely overlooked explicit digital gifting where people deliberately choose to give digital media as gifts. We present an interview study that systematically analyzes the nature of digital gifting in comparison to conventional physical gifting. A five-stage gift exchange model, synthesized from the literature, frames this study. Findings reveal that there are distinctive gaps in people's engagement with the digital gifting process compared to physical gifting. Participants' accounts show how digital gifts often involve less labor, are sometimes not perceived as gifts by the recipient and are rarely reflected on and reciprocated. We conclude by drawing out design implications for digital gifting services and rituals.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998225", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998225", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998225"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998225"}
{"title": "TAMIES: A Study and Model of Adoption in P2P Resource Sharing and Indirect Exchange Systems", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Emily Sun", "Ross McLachlan", "Mor Naaman"], "abstract": "Peer-to-peer indirect exchange services, such as sharing sites that facilitate the lending and borrowing of physical goods among neighbors (such as NeighborGoods and Peerby), have not been as widely adopted as direct exchange systems, such as peer-to-peer platforms that facilitate the exchange goods and services for money (such as Uber and Airbnb). In order to understand contributing factors to this lack of adoption, we examined attitudes towards and usage of peer-to-peer resource-sharing sites among 37 residents of New York City, 9 of whom had previously used a peer-to-peer sharing site. In addition, to more deeply understand the role of trust on willingness to lend, we also conducted a survey with 195 respondents. Our findings show that people expressed concerns about violating norms of the kinds of objects suitable for sharing, about potential risks involved with entrusting a possession to somebody else, and about a dearth of available items that would be useful. Building upon previous technology acceptance models, critical mass theory, and prior research on peer economies, we propose a technology acceptance model for indirect exchange systems that includes generalized trust and ease of coordination.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998202", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998202", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998202"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998202"}
{"title": "Self-Disclosure and Perceived Trustworthiness of Airbnb Host Profiles", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Xiao Ma", "Jeffrey T. Hancock", "Kenneth Lim Mingjie", "Mor Naaman"], "abstract": "Online peer-to-peer platforms like Airbnb allow hosts to list a property (e.g. a house, or a room) for short-term rentals. In this work, we examine how hosts describe themselves on their Airbnb profile pages. We use a mixed-methods study to develop a categorization of the topics that hosts self-disclose in their profile descriptions, and show that these topics differ depending on the type of guest engagement expected. We also examine the perceived trustworthiness of profiles using topic-coded profiles from 1,200 hosts, showing that longer self-descriptions are perceived to be more trustworthy. Further, we show that there are common strategies (a mix of topics) hosts use in self-disclosure, and that these strategies cause differences in perceived trustworthiness scores. Finally, we show that the perceived trustworthiness score is a significant predictor of host choice--especially for shorter profiles that show more variation. The results are consistent with uncertainty reduction theory, reflect on the assertions of signaling theory, and have important design implications for sharing economy platforms, especially those facilitating online-to-offline social exchange.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998269", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998269", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998269"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998269"}
{"title": "Designing Cooperative Gamification: Conceptualization and Prototypical Implementation", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Benedikt Morschheuser", "Alexander Maedche", "Dominic Walter"], "abstract": "Organizations deploy gamification in CSCW systems to enhance motivation and behavioral outcomes of users. However, gamification approaches often cause competition between users, which might be inappropriate for working environments that seek cooperation. Drawing on the social interdependence theory, this paper provides a classification for gamification features and insights about the design of cooperative gamification. Using the example of an innova-tion community of a German engineering company, we present the design of a cooperative gamification approach and results from a first experimental evaluation. The findings indicate that the developed gamification approach has positive effects on perceived enjoyment and the intention towards knowledge sharing in the considered innovation community. Besides our conceptual contribu-tion, our findings suggest that cooperative gamification may be beneficial for cooperative working environments and represents a promising field for future research.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998272", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998272", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998272"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998272"}
{"title": "Immersive Street-level Social Media in the 3D Virtual City: Anticipated User Experience and Conceptual Development", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Hannu Kukka", "Minna Pakanen", "Mahmoud Badri", "Timo Ojala"], "abstract": "In this paper we explore immersive street-level integration of social media content into collaborative virtual 3D city environments on two levels: i) public, where the virtual environment is populated with relevant social media content (e.g. Twitter and Facebook feeds of shops, non-governmetal organizations, the City organization); and ii) personal, where the virtual user, through his/her avatar, is able to access his/her personal social media feeds while immersed in the virtual city. We conducted a qualitative anticipated user experience study with 14 participants in four focus groups, who were asked to create designs of how they imagined social networking services could be integrated into virtual city environments. Further, participants were asked to comment on two visual concepts created by researchers. Results show that people appreciate the concept of having virtual cities populated with up-to-date content from social media services, but linking their own social media accounts is a more complex issue.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998341", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998341", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998341"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998341"}
{"title": "Data Vision: Learning to See Through Algorithmic Abstraction", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Samir Passi", "Steven J. Jackson"], "abstract": "  Learning to see through data is central to contemporary forms of algorithmic\nknowledge production. While often represented as a mechanical application of\nrules, making algorithms work with data requires a great deal of situated work.\nThis paper examines how the often-divergent demands of mechanization and\ndiscretion manifest in data analytic learning environments. Drawing on research\nin CSCW and the social sciences, and ethnographic fieldwork in two data\nlearning environments, we show how an algorithm's application is seen sometimes\nas a mechanical sequence of rules and at other times as an array of situated\ndecisions. Casting data analytics as a rule-based (rather than rule-bound)\npractice, we show that effective data vision requires would-be analysts to\nstraddle the competing demands of formal abstraction and empirical contingency.\nWe conclude by discussing how the notion of data vision can help better\nleverage the role of human work in data analytic learning, research, and\npractice.\n", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998331", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998331", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998331", "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2002.03387"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault", "open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998331", "journal_ref": "In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM Conference on Computer Supported\n  Cooperative Work and Social Computing. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 2436-2447", "categories": "cs.HC cs.CY cs.LG stat.ML", "cited_by": 0}
{"title": "\"I'd Want to Burn the Data or at Least Nobble the Numbers\": Towards Data-mediated Building Management for Comfort and Energy Use", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Adrian K. Clear", "Sam Mitchell Finnigan", "Patrick Olivier", "Rob Comber"], "abstract": "In this paper, we explore the role of pervasive environmental sensor data in workplace building management. Current interactions between management and workplace occupants are limited by the gap between experiences of (dis)comfort (i.e. individual preferences and perceptions) and the rigid objectivity of organisational policies and procedures such as static setpoint temperatures for indoor spaces. Our hypothesis is that pervasive sensor data that captures the indoor climate can provide an effective platform from which to more successfully communicate about comfort and energy use. Through a qualitative study with building managers and occupants, we show that while data does not necessarily resolve these tensions, it provides an engaging forum for a more inclusive building management process, and we outline directions for taking a more conversational approach in the design of comfort and energy-use interventions for the workplace.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998188", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998188", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998188"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998188"}
{"title": "CollaDroid: Automatic Augmentation of Android Application with Lightweight Interactive Collaboration", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Jiahuan Zheng", "Xin Peng", "Jiacheng Yang", "Huaqian Cai", "Gang Huang", "Ying Zhang", "Wenyun Zhao"], "abstract": "Collaborative work supported by mobile applications has become more and more popular. Mobile collaboration in some cases needs to be conducted in an interactive way to allow the sharing of the requester screen with the collaborator. Existing interactive screen sharing techniques, however, may cause heavy network traffic and high latency and lack fine-grained control of the scope of collaboration. In this paper, we propose CollaDroid, a lightweight and UI Description based technique for interactive collaboration of Android applications. CollaDroid can automatically transform an Android application to a collaboration augmented application with which a requester can interactively collaborate with a remote collaborator by synchronizing UI (User Interface) content and events. The results of our experimental study show that CollaDroid is applicable for a large part of applications in the Android Market and can provide an efficient collaboration mechanism with low network traffic and latency. And the results of our user study show that the collaboration mechanism implemented by CollaDroid is well accepted by users.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998278", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998278", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998278"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998278"}
{"title": "Friction in Arenas of Repair: Hacking, Security Research, and Mobile Phone Infrastructure", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Matthias Korn", "Susann Wagenknecht"], "abstract": "This paper studies how communication infrastructure is explored, examined, and evaluated by self-identifying 'security researchers' at hacking conventions. We analyze mobile phone 'security research' as a case of negotiating infrastructural repair. 'Security research' seeks to re-negotiate with industry actors what 'security' actually means, which technological 'insecurities' need mending, which bugs, mistakes, and risks should be repaired. These negotiations are tense and contested because the relations between 'security research' and industry reach across utterly different identities and commitments, spanning an arena of repair. To investigate how 'security research' situates itself in this arena, we analyze presentations about hacking mobile telephony that have been given at events organized by the Chaos Computer Club between 2000 and 2015. With the help of qualitative coding techniques, we examine the identities and commitments involved in 'security research,' the agendas that 'security research' pursues, and the ways in which it addresses and relates to industry actors. We interpret our findings in terms of friction, highlighting how a social arena of mobile phone repair is constituted through difference, rather than despite it.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998308", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998308", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998308"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998308"}
{"title": "Can Security Become a Routine?: A Study of Organizational Change in an Agile Software Development Group", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Andreas Poller", "Laura Kocksch", "Sven Türpe", "Felix Anand Epp", "Katharina Kinder-Kurlanda"], "abstract": "Organizational factors influence the success of security initiatives in software development. Security audits and developer training can motivate development teams to adopt security practices, but their interplay with organizational structures and routines remains unclear. We studied how security consultancy affected organizational routines in a software development group. Security consultants tested their product, reported vulnerabilities, and delivered a security training. We followed the group during and after consultancy events. As a result of the consultancy, group members improved their understanding of security issues, but could not effect a change of routines within the given organizational structure. They handled vulnerabilities in a stabilization routine without changes in feature development, where security remained intangible. Interestingly, group members acknowledged an unfulfilled need for change but defended the structure inhibiting change. Security initiatives need to consider this interplay of structure and situated practice, and manage change in addition to providing expertise and tools.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998191", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998191", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998191"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998191"}
{"title": "Exhaustive Search and Resolution of Puzzles in OT Systems Supporting String-Wise Operations", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Chengzheng Sun", "Yi Xu", "Agustina Ng"], "abstract": "OT (Operational Transformation) is a consistency maintenance technique for real-time collaborative editors and a continuous topic of research in CSCW for over two-decades. One main challenge in OT research is to detect and resolve puzzles -- characteristic collaboration scenarios or transformation cases in which an OT system may fail to produce consistent results. A long-standing open issue is whether we can find and solve all possible puzzles in OT systems supporting string-wise operations under well-defined consistency requirements. In this paper, we present our research that solves this open problem and a set of concrete string-wise transformation functions capable of solving all known puzzles and preserving well-defined consistency requirements. Our results contribute to the advancement of state-of-the-art of OT fundamental knowledge and technological innovation.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.2998252", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998252", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998252"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998252"}
{"title": "The Science Gap", "year": 2017, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Jorge G. Cham"], "abstract": "Jorge Cham recounts his experiences bringing humor into the lives of millions of stressed out academics and tells stories from his travels to over 300 universities and research centers in the US and across the world. Thought-provoking yet humorous, this talk will examine the need to close the Science Gap, a disconnect in both communication and perception between researchers and the public, and how scientists and academics need to find new ways to collaborate in order the solve future challenges.", "doi": "10.1145/2998181.3020284", "arxiv_id": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.3020284", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.3020284"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["papervault"], "type": "conference", "landing": "https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.3020284"}
{"title": "User Perceptions of Smart Home IoT Privacy", "year": 2018, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Serena Zheng", "Noah Apthorpe", "Marshini Chetty", "Nick Feamster"], "abstract": "  Smart home Internet of Things (IoT) devices are rapidly increasing in\npopularity, with more households including Internet-connected devices that\ncontinuously monitor user activities. In this study, we conduct eleven\nsemi-structured interviews with smart home owners, investigating their reasons\nfor purchasing IoT devices, perceptions of smart home privacy risks, and\nactions taken to protect their privacy from those external to the home who\ncreate, manage, track, or regulate IoT devices and/or their data. We note\nseveral recurring themes. First, users' desires for convenience and\nconnectedness dictate their privacy-related behaviors for dealing with external\nentities, such as device manufacturers, Internet Service Providers,\ngovernments, and advertisers. Second, user opinions about external entities\ncollecting smart home data depend on perceived benefit from these entities.\nThird, users trust IoT device manufacturers to protect their privacy but do not\nverify that these protections are in place. Fourth, users are unaware of\nprivacy risks from inference algorithms operating on data from non-audio/visual\ndevices. These findings motivate several recommendations for device designers,\nresearchers, and industry standards to better match device privacy features to\nthe expectations and preferences of smart home owners.\n", "doi": "10.1145/3274469", "arxiv_id": "1802.08182", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/1802.08182"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, ACM\n  Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing\n  (CSCW), Volume 2, Article 200. November 2018", "categories": "cs.HC"}
{"title": "The Roots of Bias on Uber", "year": 2018, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Benjamin V. Hanrahan", "Ning F. Ma", "Chien Wen Yuan"], "abstract": "  In the last decade, there has been a growth in, what we call, digitally\nmediated workplaces. A digitally mediated workplace is one where interactions\nbetween stakeholders are primarily managed by proprietary, algorithmically\nmanaged digital platform. The replacement of the relationships between the\nstakeholders by the platform is a key feature of these workplaces, and is a\ncontributing factor to the decrease in contractual responsibilities each\nstakeholder has to one another. In this paper, we discuss some of the ways in\nwhich this structure and lack of accountability serves as a root of, or at\nleast an enabler to, the realization of biases in the ridesharing application\nUber, a digitally mediated workplace.\n", "doi": null, "arxiv_id": "1803.08579", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/1803.08579"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "Hanrahan, B., Ning, M., & Chien Wen, Y. (2017). The Roots of Bias\n  on Uber. In Proceedings of 15th European Conference on Computer-Supported\n  Cooperative Work-Exploratory Papers. European Society for Socially Embedded\n  Technologies (EUSSET)", "categories": "cs.CY"}
{"title": "Socio-spatial Self-organizing Maps: Using Social Media to Assess\n  Relevant Geographies for Exposure to Social Processes", "year": 2018, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Kunal Relia", "Mohammad Akbari", "Dustin Duncan", "Rumi Chunara"], "abstract": "  Social media offers a unique window into attitudes like racism and\nhomophobia, exposure to which are important, hard to measure and understudied\nsocial determinants of health. However, individual geo-located observations\nfrom social media are noisy and geographically inconsistent. Existing areas by\nwhich exposures are measured, like Zip codes, average over irrelevant\nadministratively-defined boundaries. Hence, in order to enable studies of\nonline social environmental measures like attitudes on social media and their\npossible relationship to health outcomes, first there is a need for a method to\ndefine the collective, underlying degree of social media attitudes by region.\nTo address this, we create the Socio-spatial-Self organizing map, \"SS-SOM\"\npipeline to best identify regions by their latent social attitude from Twitter\nposts. SS-SOMs use neural embedding for text-classification, and augment\ntraditional SOMs to generate a controlled number of non-overlapping,\ntopologically-constrained and topically-similar clusters. We find that not only\nare SS-SOMs robust to missing data, the exposure of a cohort of men who are\nsusceptible to multiple racism and homophobia-linked health outcomes, changes\nby up to 42% using SS-SOM measures as compared to using Zip code-based\nmeasures.\n", "doi": "10.1145/3274414", "arxiv_id": "1803.09002", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/1803.09002"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput.Interact.2, CSCW, Article 145 (November\n  2018), 23 pages", "categories": "cs.SI cs.CY"}
{"title": "The Effect of Computer-Generated Descriptions on Photo-Sharing\n  Experiences of People with Visual Impairments", "year": 2018, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Yuhang Zhao", "Shaomei Wu", "Lindsay Reynolds", "and Shiri Azenkot"], "abstract": "  Like sighted people, visually impaired people want to share photographs on\nsocial networking services, but find it difficult to identify and select photos\nfrom their albums. We aimed to address this problem by incorporating\nstate-of-the-art computer-generated descriptions into Facebook's photo-sharing\nfeature. We interviewed 12 visually impaired participants to understand their\nphoto-sharing experiences and designed a photo description feature for the\nFacebook mobile application. We evaluated this feature with six participants in\na seven-day diary study. We found that participants used the descriptions to\nrecall and organize their photos, but they hesitated to upload photos without a\nsighted person's input. In addition to basic information about photo content,\nparticipants wanted to know more details about salient objects and people, and\nwhether the photos reflected their personal aesthetics. We discuss these\nfindings from the lens of self-disclosure and self-presentation theories and\npropose new computer vision research directions that will better support visual\ncontent sharing by visually impaired people.\n", "doi": "10.1145/3134756", "arxiv_id": "1805.01515", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/1805.01515"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 1, CSCW, 121 (November 2017), 22\n  pages", "categories": "cs.HC"}
{"title": "\"You Know What to Do\": Proactive Detection of YouTube Videos Targeted by\n  Coordinated Hate Attacks", "year": 2018, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Enrico Mariconti", "Guillermo Suarez-Tangil", "Jeremy Blackburn", "Emiliano\n  De Cristofaro", "Nicolas Kourtellis", "Ilias Leontiadis", "Jordi Luque Serrano", "Gianluca Stringhini"], "abstract": "  Video sharing platforms like YouTube are increasingly targeted by aggression\nand hate attacks. Prior work has shown how these attacks often take place as a\nresult of \"raids,\" i.e., organized efforts by ad-hoc mobs coordinating from\nthird-party communities. Despite the increasing relevance of this phenomenon,\nhowever, online services often lack effective countermeasures to mitigate it.\nUnlike well-studied problems like spam and phishing, coordinated aggressive\nbehavior both targets and is perpetrated by humans, making defense mechanisms\nthat look for automated activity unsuitable. Therefore, the de-facto solution\nis to reactively rely on user reports and human moderation.\n  In this paper, we propose an automated solution to identify YouTube videos\nthat are likely to be targeted by coordinated harassers from fringe communities\nlike 4chan. First, we characterize and model YouTube videos along several axes\n(metadata, audio transcripts, thumbnails) based on a ground truth dataset of\nvideos that were targeted by raids. Then, we use an ensemble of classifiers to\ndetermine the likelihood that a video will be raided with very good results\n(AUC up to 94%). Overall, our work provides an important first step towards\ndeploying proactive systems to detect and mitigate coordinated hate attacks on\nplatforms like YouTube.\n", "doi": null, "arxiv_id": "1805.08168", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/1805.08168"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "22nd ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and\n  Social Computing (CSCW 2019)", "categories": "cs.CY cs.CR cs.SI"}
{"title": "The Types, Roles, and Practices of Documentation in Data Analytics Open\n  Source Software Libraries: A Collaborative Ethnography of Documentation Work", "year": 2018, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["R. Stuart Geiger", "Nelle Varoquaux", "Charlotte Mazel-Cabasse", "Chris\n  Holdgraf"], "abstract": "  Computational research and data analytics increasingly relies on complex\necosystems of open source software (OSS) \"libraries\" -- curated collections of\nreusable code that programmers import to perform a specific task. Software\ndocumentation for these libraries is crucial in helping programmers/analysts\nknow what libraries are available and how to use them. Yet documentation for\nopen source software libraries is widely considered low-quality. This article\nis a collaboration between CSCW researchers and contributors to data analytics\nOSS libraries, based on ethnographic fieldwork and qualitative interviews. We\nexamine several issues around the formats, practices, and challenges around\ndocumentation in these largely volunteer-based projects. There are many\ndifferent kinds and formats of documentation that exist around such libraries,\nwhich play a variety of educational, promotional, and organizational roles. The\nwork behind documentation is similarly multifaceted, including writing,\nreviewing, maintaining, and organizing documentation. Different aspects of\ndocumentation work require contributors to have different sets of skills and\novercome various social and technical barriers. Finally, most of our\ninterviewees do not report high levels of intrinsic enjoyment for doing\ndocumentation work (compared to writing code). Their motivation is affected by\npersonal and project-specific factors, such as the perceived level of credit\nfor doing documentation work versus more \"technical\" tasks like adding new\nfeatures or fixing bugs. In studying documentation work for data analytics OSS\nlibraries, we gain a new window into the changing practices of data-intensive\nresearch, as well as help practitioners better understand how to support this\noften invisible and infrastructural work in their projects.\n", "doi": "10.1007/s10606-018-9333-1", "arxiv_id": "1805.12398", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/1805.12398"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "Computer-Supported Cooperative Work. 2018. doi:\n  10.1007/s10606-018-9333-1", "categories": "cs.CY cs.SE"}
{"title": "Endorsements on Social Media: An Empirical Study of Affiliate Marketing\n  Disclosures on YouTube and Pinterest", "year": 2018, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Arunesh Mathur", "Arvind Narayanan", "Marshini Chetty"], "abstract": "  Online advertisements that masquerade as non-advertising content pose\nnumerous risks to users. Such hidden advertisements appear on social media\nplatforms when content creators or \"influencers\" endorse products and brands in\ntheir content. While the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) requires content\ncreators to disclose their endorsements in order to prevent deception and harm\nto users, we do not know whether and how content creators comply with the FTC's\nguidelines. In this paper, we studied disclosures within affiliate marketing,\nan endorsement-based advertising strategy used by social media content\ncreators. We examined whether content creators follow the FTC's disclosure\nguidelines, how they word the disclosures, and whether these disclosures help\nusers identify affiliate marketing content as advertisements. To do so, we\nfirst measured the prevalence of and identified the types of disclosures in\nover 500,000 YouTube videos and 2.1 million Pinterest pins. We then conducted a\nuser study with 1,791 participants to test the efficacy of these disclosures.\nOur findings reveal that only about 10% of affiliate marketing content on both\nplatforms contains any disclosures at all. Further, users fail to understand\nshorter, non-explanatory disclosures. Based on our findings, we make various\ndesign and policy suggestions to help improve advertising disclosure practices\non social media platforms.\n", "doi": "10.1145/3274388", "arxiv_id": "1809.00620", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/1809.00620"], "github": ["https://github.com/aruneshmathur/affiliate-marketing-disclosures"], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "Proceedings of the ACM on Human- Computer Interaction, Vol. 2,\n  CSCW, Article 119 (November 2018)", "categories": "cs.HC cs.CY cs.SI"}
{"title": "Debiasing Desire: Addressing Bias & Discrimination on Intimate Platforms", "year": 2018, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Jevan Hutson", "Jessie G. Taft", "Solon Barocas", "Karen Levy"], "abstract": "  Designing technical systems to be resistant to bias and discrimination\nrepresents vital new terrain for researchers, policymakers, and the\nanti-discrimination project more broadly. We consider bias and discrimination\nin the context of popular online dating and hookup platforms in the United\nStates, which we call intimate platforms. Drawing on work in\nsocial-justice-oriented and Queer HCI, we review design features of popular\nintimate platforms and their potential role in exacerbating or mitigating\ninterpersonal bias. We argue that focusing on platform design can reveal\nopportunities to reshape troubling patterns of intimate contact without\noverriding users' decisional autonomy. We identify and address the difficult\nethical questions that nevertheless come along with such intervention, while\nurging the social computing community to engage more deeply with issues of\nbias, discrimination, and exclusion in the study and design of intimate\nplatforms.\n", "doi": "10.1145/3274342", "arxiv_id": "1809.01563", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/1809.01563"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "Jevan Hutson, Jessie G. Taft, Solon Barocas, and Karen Levy. 2018.\n  Debiasing Desire: Addressing Bias & Discrimination on Intimate Platforms.\n  Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 2, CSCW, Article 73 (November 2018), 18\n  pages", "categories": "cs.CY cs.HC"}
{"title": "Investigating Crowd Creativity in Online Music Communities", "year": 2018, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Fabio Calefato and Giuseppe Iaffaldano and Filippo Lanubile and\n  Federico Maiorano"], "abstract": "  Crowd creativity is typically associated with peer-production communities\nfocusing on artistic products like animations, video games, and music, but less\nfrequently to Open Source Software (OSS), despite the fact that also developers\nmust be creative to come up with new solutions to their technical challenges.\nIn this paper, we conduct a study to further the understanding of which factors\nfrom prior work in both OSS and art communities are predictive of successful\ncollaboration - defined as reuse of previous songs - in three different\nsongwriting communities, namely Songtree, Splice, and ccMixter. The main\nfindings from this study confirm that the success of collaborations is\nassociated with high community status of recognizable authors and low degree of\nderivativity of songs.\n", "doi": "10.1145/3274296", "arxiv_id": "1809.06172", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/1809.06172"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, Vol. 2, No.\n  CSCW, Article 27, Publication date: November 2018", "categories": "cs.HC cs.SI"}
{"title": "Mind Your POV: Convergence of Articles and Editors Towards Wikipedia's\n  Neutrality Norm", "year": 2018, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Umashanthi Pavalanathan", "Xiaochuang Han", "Jacob Eisenstein"], "abstract": "  Wikipedia has a strong norm of writing in a 'neutral point of view' (NPOV).\nArticles that violate this norm are tagged, and editors are encouraged to make\ncorrections. But the impact of this tagging system has not been quantitatively\nmeasured. Does NPOV tagging help articles to converge to the desired style? Do\nNPOV corrections encourage editors to adopt this style? We study these\nquestions using a corpus of NPOV-tagged articles and a set of lexicons\nassociated with biased language. An interrupted time series analysis shows that\nafter an article is tagged for NPOV, there is a significant decrease in biased\nlanguage in the article, as measured by several lexicons. However, for\nindividual editors, NPOV corrections and talk page discussions yield no\nsignificant change in the usage of words in most of these lexicons, including\nWikipedia's own list of 'words to watch.' This suggests that NPOV tagging and\ndiscussion does improve content, but has less success enculturating editors to\nthe site's linguistic norms.\n", "doi": "10.1145/3274406", "arxiv_id": "1809.06951", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/1809.06951"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "Umashanthi Pavalanathan, Xiaochuang Han, and Jacob Eisenstein.\n  2018. Mind Your POV: Convergence of Articles and Editors Towards Wikipedia's\n  Neutrality Norm. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 2, CSCW, Article 137\n  (November 2018)", "categories": "cs.CL cs.SI"}
{"title": "Efficient Crowd Exploration of Large Networks: The Case of Causal\n  Attribution", "year": 2018, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Daniel Berenberg and James P. Bagrow"], "abstract": "  Accurately and efficiently crowdsourcing complex, open-ended tasks can be\ndifficult, as crowd participants tend to favor short, repetitive \"microtasks\".\nWe study the crowdsourcing of large networks where the crowd provides the\nnetwork topology via microtasks. Crowds can explore many types of social and\ninformation networks, but we focus on the network of causal attributions, an\nimportant network that signifies cause-and-effect relationships. We conduct\nexperiments on Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT) testing how workers propose and\nvalidate individual causal relationships and introduce a method for independent\ncrowd workers to explore large networks. The core of the method, Iterative\nPathway Refinement, is a theoretically-principled mechanism for efficient\nexploration via microtasks. We evaluate the method using synthetic networks and\napply it on AMT to extract a large-scale causal attribution network, then\ninvestigate the structure of this network as well as the activity patterns and\nefficiency of the workers who constructed this network. Worker interactions\nreveal important characteristics of causal perception and the network data they\ngenerate can improve our understanding of causality and causal inference.\n", "doi": "10.1145/3274293", "arxiv_id": "1810.03163", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/1810.03163"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "PACM on Human-Computer Interaction, Vol. 2, No. CSCW, Article 24.\n  Publication date: November 2018", "categories": "cs.HC cs.CY cs.SI"}
{"title": "Operationalizing Conflict and Cooperation between Automated Software\n  Agents in Wikipedia: A Replication and Expansion of 'Even Good Bots Fight'", "year": 2018, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["R. Stuart Geiger", "Aaron Halfaker"], "abstract": "  This paper replicates, extends, and refutes conclusions made in a study\npublished in PLoS ONE (\"Even Good Bots Fight\"), which claimed to identify\nsubstantial levels of conflict between automated software agents (or bots) in\nWikipedia using purely quantitative methods. By applying an integrative\nmixed-methods approach drawing on trace ethnography, we place these alleged\ncases of bot-bot conflict into context and arrive at a better understanding of\nthese interactions. We found that overwhelmingly, the interactions previously\ncharacterized as problematic instances of conflict are typically better\ncharacterized as routine, productive, even collaborative work. These results\nchallenge past work and show the importance of qualitative/quantitative\ncollaboration. In our paper, we present quantitative metrics and qualitative\nheuristics for operationalizing bot-bot conflict. We give thick descriptions of\nkinds of events that present as bot-bot reverts, helping distinguish conflict\nfrom non-conflict. We computationally classify these kinds of events through\npatterns in edit summaries. By interpreting found/trace data in the\nsocio-technical contexts in which people give that data meaning, we gain more\nfrom quantitative measurements, drawing deeper understandings about the\ngovernance of algorithmic systems in Wikipedia. We have also released our data\ncollection, processing, and analysis pipeline, to facilitate computational\nreproducibility of our findings and to help other researchers interested in\nconducting similar mixed-method scholarship in other platforms and contexts.\n", "doi": "10.1145/3134684", "arxiv_id": "1810.07273", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/1810.07273"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "Proc ACM on Human Computer Interaction. 1(2), Article 49. CSCW\n  2018", "categories": "cs.CY cs.HC cs.SI"}
{"title": "Crowd Coach: Peer Coaching for Crowd Workers' Skill Growth", "year": 2018, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Chun-Wei Chiang", "Anna Kasunic", "Saiph Savage"], "abstract": "  Traditional employment usually provides mechanisms for workers to improve\ntheir skills to access better opportunities. However, crowd work platforms like\nAmazon Mechanical Turk (AMT) generally do not support skill development (i.e.,\nbecoming faster and better at work). While researchers have started to tackle\nthis problem, most solutions are dependent on experts or requesters willing to\nhelp. However, requesters generally lack the necessary knowledge, and experts\nare rare and expensive. To further facilitate crowd workers' skill growth, we\npresent Crowd Coach, a system that enables workers to receive peer coaching\nwhile on the job. We conduct a field experiment and real world deployment to\nstudy Crowd Coach in the wild. Hundreds of workers used Crowd Coach in a\nvariety of tasks, including writing, doing surveys, and labeling images. We\nfind that Crowd Coach enhances workers' speed without sacrificing their work\nquality, especially in audio transcription tasks. We posit that peer coaching\nsystems hold potential for better supporting crowd workers' skill development\nwhile on the job. We finish with design implications from our research.\n", "doi": "10.1145/3274306", "arxiv_id": "1811.05364", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/1811.05364"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "Chun-Wei Chiang, Anna Kasunic, and Saiph Savage. 2018. Crowd\n  Coach: Peer Coaching for Crowd Workers' Skill Growth. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput.\n  Interact. 2, CSCW, Article 37 (November 2018), 17 pages. DOI:\n  https://doi.org/10.1145/3274306", "categories": "cs.HC"}
{"title": "Ease on Down the Code: Complex Collaborative Qualitative Coding\n  Simplified with 'Code Wizard'", "year": 2018, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Abbas Ganji", "Mania Orand and David W. McDonald"], "abstract": "  This paper describes the design and development of a preliminary qualitative\ncoding tool as well as a method to improve the process of achieving inter-coder\nreliability (ICR) in small teams. Software applications that support\nqualitative coding do not sufficiently assist collaboration among coders and\noverlook some fundamental issues related to ICR. We propose a new dimension of\ncollaborative coding called \"coders' certainty\" and demonstrate its ability to\nillustrate valuable code disagreements that are missing from existing\napproaches. Through a case study, we describe the utility of our tool, Code\nWizard, and how it helped a group of researchers effectively collaborate to\ncode naturalistic observation data. We report the valuable lessons we learned\nfrom the development of our tool and method: (1) identifying coders' certainty\nconstitutes an important part of determining the quality of data analysis and\nfacilitates identifying overlapping and ambiguous codes, (2) making the details\nof coding process visible helps streamline the coding process and leads to a\nsense of ownership of the research results, and (3) there is valuable\ninformation hidden in coding disagreements that can be leveraged for improving\nthe process of data analysis.\n", "doi": null, "arxiv_id": "1812.11622", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/1812.11622"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction (CSCW),\n  Volume 2 Issue CSCW, Article No. 132, November 2018", "categories": "cs.HC"}
{"title": "Coloring in the Links: Capturing Social Ties as They are Perceived", "year": 2019, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Sebastian Deri", "Jeremie Rappaz", "Luca Maria Aiello", "Daniele Quercia"], "abstract": "  The richness that characterizes relationships is often absent when they are\nmodeled using computational methods in network science. Typically,\nrelationships are represented simply as links, perhaps with weights. The lack\nof finer granularity is due in part to the fact that, aside from linkage and\nstrength, no fundamental or immediately obvious dimensions exist along which to\ncategorize relationships. Here we propose a set of dimensions that capture\nmajor components of many relationships -- derived both from relevant academic\nliterature and people's everyday descriptions of their relationships. We first\nreview prominent findings in sociology and social psychology, highlighting\ndimensions that have been widely used to categorize social relationships. Next,\nwe examine the validity of these dimensions empirically in two crowd-sourced\nexperiments. Ultimately, we arrive at a set of ten major dimensions that can be\nused to categorize relationships: similarity, trust, romance, social support,\nidentity, respect, knowledge exchange, power, fun, and conflict. These ten\ndimensions, while not dispositive, offer higher resolution than existing\nmodels. Indeed, we show that one can more accurately predict missing links in a\nsocial graph by using these dimensions than by using a state-of-the-art link\nembeddedness method. We also describe tinghy.org, an online platform we built\nto collect data about how social media users perceive their online\nrelationships, allowing us to examine these dimensions at scale. Overall, by\nproposing a new way of modeling social graphs, our work aims to contribute both\nto theory in network science and practice in the design of social-networking\napplications.\n", "doi": "10.1145/3274312", "arxiv_id": "1902.04528", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/1902.04528"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, Vol. 2, No.\n  CSCW, Article 43. Publication date: November 2018", "categories": "cs.CY"}
{"title": "\"The Perfect One\": Understanding Communication Practices and Challenges\n  with Animated GIFs", "year": 2019, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Jialun \"Aaron\" Jiang", "Casey Fiesler", "Jed R. Brubaker"], "abstract": "  Animated GIFs are increasingly popular in text-based communication. Finding\nthe perfect GIF can make conversations funny, interesting, and engaging, but\nGIFs also introduce potentials for miscommunication. Through 24 in-depth\nqualitative interviews, this empirical, exploratory study examines the nuances\nof communication practices with animated GIFs to better understand why and how\nGIFs can send unintentional messages. We find participants leverage contexts\nlike source material and interpersonal relationship to find the perfect GIFs\nfor different communication scenarios, while these contexts are also the\nprimary reason for miscommunication and some technical usability issues in\nGIFs. This paper concludes with a discussion of the important role that\ndifferent types of context play in the use and interpretations of GIFs, and\nargues that nonverbal communication tools should account for complex contexts\nand common ground that communication media rely on.\n", "doi": "10.1145/3274349", "arxiv_id": "1903.09623", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/1903.09623"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 2, CSCW: Article 80 (2018)", "categories": "cs.HC"}
{"title": "Tending Unmarked Graves: Classification of Post-mortem Content on Social\n  Media", "year": 2019, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Jialun \"Aaron\" Jiang", "Jed R. Brubaker"], "abstract": "  User-generated content is central to social computing scholarship. However,\nresearchers and practitioners often presume that these users are alive. Failing\nto account for mortality is problematic in social media where an increasing\nnumber of profiles represent those who have died. Identifying mortality can\nempower designers to better manage content and support the bereaved, as well as\npromote high-quality data science. Based on a computational linguistic analysis\nof post-mortem social media profiles and content, we report on classifiers\ndeveloped to detect mortality and show that mortality can be determined after\nthe first few occurrences of post-mortem content. Applying our classifiers to\ncontent from two other platforms also provided good results. Finally, we\ndiscuss trade-offs between models that emphasize pre- vs. post-mortem precision\nin this sensitive context. These results mark a first step toward identifying\nmortality at scale, and show how designers and scientists can attend to\nmortality in their work.\n", "doi": "10.1145/3274350", "arxiv_id": "1904.05326", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/1904.05326"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 2, CSCW: Article 81 (2018)", "categories": "cs.SI cs.CY"}
{"title": "Real Differences between OT and CRDT in Correctness and Complexity for\n  Consistency Maintenance in Co-Editors", "year": 2019, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["David Sun", "Chengzheng Sun", "Agustina Ng", "Weiwei Cai"], "abstract": "  OT (Operational Transformation) was invented for supporting real-time\nco-editors in the late 1980s and has evolved to become core techniques widely\nused in today's working co-editors and adopted in industrial products. CRDT\n(Commutative Replicated Data Type) for co-editors was first proposed around\n2006, under the name of WOOT (WithOut Operational Transformation). Follow-up\nCRDT variations are commonly labeled as \"post-OT\" techniques capable of making\nconcurrent operations natively commutative in co-editors. On top of that, CRDT\nsolutions have made broad claims of superiority over OT solutions, and often\nportrayed OT as an incorrect and inefficient technique. Over one decade later,\nhowever, CRDT is rarely found in working co-editors; OT remains the choice for\nbuilding the vast majority of today's co-editors. Contradictions between the\nreality and CRDT's purported advantages have been the source of much confusion\nand debate among co-editing researcher sand developers. To seek truth from\nfacts, we set out to conduct a comprehensive and critical review on\nrepresentative OT and CRDT solutions and co-editors based on them. From this\nwork, we have made important discoveries about OT and CRDT, and revealed facts\nand evidences that refute CRDT claims over OT on all accounts. These\ndiscoveries help explain the underlying reasons for the choice between OT and\nCRDT in the real world. We report these results in a series of three articles.\n  In the second article of this series, we reveal the differences between OT\nand CRDT in their basic approaches to realizing the same general transformation\nand how such differences had resulted in different challenges and consequential\ncorrectness and complexity issues. Moreover, we reveal hidden complexity and\nalgorithmic flaws with representative CRDT solutions, and discuss common myths\nand facts related to correctness and complexity of OT and CRDT.\n", "doi": "10.1145/3392825", "arxiv_id": "1905.01302", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/1905.01302"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "PACMHCI Vol. 4, CSCW1, Article 21, May 2020", "categories": "cs.DC cs.HC cs.SE"}
{"title": "Group Chat Ecology in Enterprise Instant Messaging: How Employees\n  Collaborate Through Multi-User Chat Channels on Slack", "year": 2019, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Dakuo Wang", "Haoyu Wang", "Mo Yu", "Zahra Ashktorab", "Ming Tan"], "abstract": "  Despite the long history of studying instant messaging usage, we know very\nlittle about how today's people participate in group chat channels and interact\nwith others inside a real-world organization. In this short paper, we aim to\nupdate the existing knowledge on how group chat is used in the context of\ntoday's organizations. The knowledge is particularly important for the new norm\nof remote works under the COVID-19 pandemic. We have the privilege of\ncollecting two valuable datasets: a total of 4,300 group chat channels in Slack\nfrom an R&D department in a multinational IT company; and a total of 117\ngroups' performance data. Through qualitative coding of 100 randomly sampled\ngroup channels from the 4,300 channels dataset, we identified and reported 9\ncategories such as Project channels, IT-Support channels, and Event channels.\nWe further defined a feature metric with 21 meta features (and their derived\nfeatures) without looking at the message content to depict the group\ncommunication style for these group chat channels, with which we successfully\ntrained a machine learning model that can automatically classify a given group\nchannel into one of the 9 categories. In addition to the descriptive data\nanalysis, we illustrated how these communication metrics can be used to analyze\nteam performance. We cross-referenced 117 project teams and their team-based\nSlack channels and identified 57 teams that appeared in both datasets, then we\nbuilt a regression model to reveal the relationship between these group\ncommunication styles and the project team performance. This work contributes an\nupdated empirical understanding of human-human communication practices within\nthe enterprise setting, and suggests design opportunities for the future of\nhuman-AI communication experience.\n", "doi": "10.1145/3512941", "arxiv_id": "1906.01756", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/1906.01756"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "ACM CSCW 2022", "categories": "cs.HC cs.LG"}
{"title": "Dark Patterns at Scale: Findings from a Crawl of 11K Shopping Websites", "year": 2019, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Arunesh Mathur", "Gunes Acar", "Michael J. Friedman", "Elena Lucherini", "Jonathan Mayer", "Marshini Chetty", "Arvind Narayanan"], "abstract": "  Dark patterns are user interface design choices that benefit an online\nservice by coercing, steering, or deceiving users into making unintended and\npotentially harmful decisions. We present automated techniques that enable\nexperts to identify dark patterns on a large set of websites. Using these\ntechniques, we study shopping websites, which often use dark patterns to\ninfluence users into making more purchases or disclosing more information than\nthey would otherwise. Analyzing ~53K product pages from ~11K shopping websites,\nwe discover 1,818 dark pattern instances, together representing 15 types and 7\nbroader categories. We examine these dark patterns for deceptive practices, and\nfind 183 websites that engage in such practices. We also uncover 22 third-party\nentities that offer dark patterns as a turnkey solution. Finally, we develop a\ntaxonomy of dark pattern characteristics that describes the underlying\ninfluence of the dark patterns and their potential harm on user\ndecision-making. Based on our findings, we make recommendations for\nstakeholders including researchers and regulators to study, mitigate, and\nminimize the use of these patterns.\n", "doi": "10.1145/3359183", "arxiv_id": "1907.07032", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/1907.07032"], "github": ["https://github.com/aruneshmathur/dark-patterns"], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "Proceedings of the ACM Human-Computer Interaction, Vol. 3, CSCW,\n  Article 81 (November 2019)", "categories": "cs.HC cs.CY"}
{"title": "Hateful People or Hateful Bots? Detection and Characterization of Bots\n  Spreading Religious Hatred in Arabic Social Media", "year": 2019, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Nuha Albadi", "Maram Kurdi", "Shivakant Mishra"], "abstract": "  Arabic Twitter space is crawling with bots that fuel political feuds, spread\nmisinformation, and proliferate sectarian rhetoric. While efforts have long\nexisted to analyze and detect English bots, Arabic bot detection and\ncharacterization remains largely understudied. In this work, we contribute new\ninsights into the role of bots in spreading religious hatred on Arabic Twitter\nand introduce a novel regression model that can accurately identify Arabic\nlanguage bots. Our assessment shows that existing tools that are highly\naccurate in detecting English bots don't perform as well on Arabic bots. We\nidentify the possible reasons for this poor performance, perform a thorough\nanalysis of linguistic, content, behavioral and network features, and report on\nthe most informative features that distinguish Arabic bots from humans as well\nas the differences between Arabic and English bots. Our results mark an\nimportant step toward understanding the behavior of malicious bots on Arabic\nTwitter and pave the way for a more effective Arabic bot detection tools.\n", "doi": "10.1145/3359163", "arxiv_id": "1908.00153", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/1908.00153"], "github": ["https://github.com/nuhaalbadi/ArabicBots"], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 3, CSCW: Article 61 (2019)", "categories": "cs.SI cs.CL"}
{"title": "The Rise and Fall of the Note: Changing Paper Lengths in ACM CSCW,\n  2000-2018", "year": 2019, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["R. Stuart Geiger"], "abstract": "  In this note, I quantitatively examine various trends in the lengths of\npublished papers in ACM CSCW from 2000-2018, focusing on several major\ntransitions in editorial and reviewing policy. The focus is on the rise and\nfall of the 4-page note, which was introduced in 2004 as a separate submission\ntype to the 10-page double-column \"full paper\" format. From 2004-2012, 4-page\nnotes of 2,500 to 4,500 words consistently represented about 20-35\\% of all\npublications. In 2013, minimum and maximum page lengths were officially\nremoved, with no formal distinction made between full papers and notes. The\nnote soon completely disappeared as a distinct genre, which co-occurred with a\ntrend in steadily rising paper lengths. I discuss such findings both as they\ndirectly relate to local concerns in CSCW and in the context of longstanding\ntheoretical discussions around genre theory and how socio-technical structures\nand affordances impact participation in distributed, computer-mediated\norganizations and user-generated content platforms. There are many possible\nexplanations for the decline of the note and the emergence of longer and longer\npapers, which I identify for future work. I conclude by addressing the\nimplications of such findings for the CSCW community, particularly given how\ngenre norms impact what kinds of scholarship and scholars thrive in CSCW, as\nwell as whether new top-down rules or bottom-up guidelines ought to be\ndeveloped around paper lengths and different kinds of contributions.\n", "doi": "10.1145/3359324", "arxiv_id": "1908.10808", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/1908.10808"], "github": ["https://github.com/staeiou/cscw19-paper-lengths"], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "PACMHCI 3, CSCW (2019) 222", "categories": "cs.HC cs.CY cs.DL cs.SI"}
{"title": "A Forensic Qualitative Analysis of Contributions to Wikipedia from\n  Anonymity Seeking Users", "year": 2019, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Kaylea Champion", "Nora McDonald", "Stephanie Bankes", "Joseph Zhang", "Rachel\n  Greenstadt", "Andrea Forte", "Benjamin Mako Hill"], "abstract": "  By choice or by necessity, some contributors to commons-based peer production\nsites use privacy-protecting services to remain anonymous. As anonymity\nseekers, users of the Tor network have been cast both as ill-intentioned\nvandals and as vulnerable populations concerned with their privacy. In this\nstudy, we use a dataset drawn from a corpus of Tor edits to Wikipedia to\nuncover the character of Tor users' contributions. We build in-depth narrative\ndescriptions of Tor users' actions and conduct a thematic analysis that places\ntheir editing activity into seven broad groups. We find that although their use\nof a privacy-protecting service marks them as unusual within Wikipedia, the\ncharacter of many Tor users' contributions is in line with the expectations and\nnorms of Wikipedia. However, our themes point to several important places where\nlack of trust promotes disorder, and to contributions where risks to\ncontributors, service providers, and communities are unaligned.\n", "doi": "10.1145/3359155", "arxiv_id": "1909.07929", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/1909.07929"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 3, CSCW, Article 53 (November\n  2019)", "categories": "cs.CY"}
{"title": "This Thing Called Fairness: Disciplinary Confusion Realizing a Value in\n  Technology", "year": 2019, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Deirdre K. Mulligan", "Joshua A. Kroll", "Nitin Kohli", "Richmond Y. Wong"], "abstract": "  The explosion in the use of software in important sociotechnical systems has\nrenewed focus on the study of the way technical constructs reflect policies,\nnorms, and human values. This effort requires the engagement of scholars and\npractitioners from many disciplines. And yet, these disciplines often\nconceptualize the operative values very differently while referring to them\nusing the same vocabulary. The resulting conflation of ideas confuses\ndiscussions about values in technology at disciplinary boundaries. In the\nservice of improving this situation, this paper examines the value of shared\nvocabularies, analytics, and other tools that facilitate conversations about\nvalues in light of these disciplinary specific conceptualizations, the role\nsuch tools play in furthering research and practice, outlines different\nconceptions of \"fairness\" deployed in discussions about computer systems, and\nprovides an analytic tool for interdisciplinary discussions and collaborations\naround the concept of fairness. We use a case study of risk assessments in\ncriminal justice applications to both motivate our effort--describing how\nconflation of different concepts under the banner of \"fairness\" led to\nunproductive confusion--and illustrate the value of the fairness analytic by\ndemonstrating how the rigorous analysis it enables can assist in identifying\nkey areas of theoretical, political, and practical misunderstanding or\ndisagreement, and where desired support alignment or collaboration in the\nabsence of consensus.\n", "doi": "10.1145/3359221", "arxiv_id": "1909.11869", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/1909.11869"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 3, CSCW, Article 119 (November\n  2019)", "categories": "cs.CY cs.HC"}
{"title": "Quantifying Voter Biases in Online Platforms: An Instrumental Variable\n  Approach", "year": 2019, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Himel Dev", "Karrie Karahalios and Hari Sundaram"], "abstract": "  In content-based online platforms, use of aggregate user feedback (say, the\nsum of votes) is commonplace as the \"gold standard\" for measuring content\nquality. Use of vote aggregates, however, is at odds with the existing\nempirical literature, which suggests that voters are susceptible to different\nbiases -- reputation (e.g., of the poster), social influence (e.g., votes thus\nfar), and position (e.g., answer position). Our goal is to quantify, in an\nobservational setting, the degree of these biases in online platforms.\nSpecifically, what are the causal effects of different impression signals --\nsuch as the reputation of the contributing user, aggregate vote thus far, and\nposition of content -- on a participant's vote on content? We adopt an\ninstrumental variable (IV) framework to answer this question. We identify a set\nof candidate instruments, carefully analyze their validity, and then use the\nvalid instruments to reveal the effects of the impression signals on votes. Our\nempirical study using log data from Stack Exchange websites shows that the bias\nestimates from our IV approach differ from the bias estimates from the ordinary\nleast squares (OLS) method. In particular, OLS underestimates reputation bias\n(1.6--2.2x for gold badges) and position bias (up to 1.9x for the initial\nposition) and overestimates social influence bias (1.8--2.3x for initial\nvotes). The implications of our work include: redesigning user interface to\navoid voter biases; making changes to platforms' policy to mitigate voter\nbiases; detecting other forms of biases in online platforms.\n", "doi": "10.1145/3359222", "arxiv_id": "1910.00757", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/1910.00757"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "Proceedings of the ACM on Human Computer Interaction, Vol. 3, No.\n  CSCW, Article 120. Publication date: November 2019", "categories": "cs.SI cs.CY"}
{"title": "Liveness in Interactive Systems", "year": 2019, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Sang Won Lee"], "abstract": "  Creating an artifact in front of public offers an opportunity to involve\nspectators in the creation process. For example, in a live music concert,\naudience members can clap, stomp and sing with the musicians to be part of the\nmusic piece. Live creation can facilitate collaboration with the spectators.\nThe questions I set out to answer are what does it mean to have liveness in\ninteractive systems to support large-scale hybrid events that involve audience\nparticipation. The notion of liveness is subtle in human-computer interaction.\nIn this paper, I revisit the notion of liveness and provide definitions of both\nlive and liveness from the perspective of designing interactive systems. In\naddition, I discuss why liveness matters in facilitating hybrid events and\nsuggest future research works\n", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.1471026", "arxiv_id": "1910.02377", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/1910.02377"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "the CSCW 2018 workshop on Hybrid Events (CSCW) the CSCW 2018\n  workshop on Hybrid Events (CSCW) , 2018", "categories": "cs.HC"}
{"title": "Trust in Data Science: Collaboration, Translation, and Accountability in\n  Corporate Data Science Projects", "year": 2020, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Samir Passi", "Steven J. Jackson"], "abstract": "  The trustworthiness of data science systems in applied and real-world\nsettings emerges from the resolution of specific tensions through situated,\npragmatic, and ongoing forms of work. Drawing on research in CSCW, critical\ndata studies, and history and sociology of science, and six months of immersive\nethnographic fieldwork with a corporate data science team, we describe four\ncommon tensions in applied data science work: (un)equivocal numbers,\n(counter)intuitive knowledge, (in)credible data, and (in)scrutable models. We\nshow how organizational actors establish and re-negotiate trust under messy and\nuncertain analytic conditions through practices of skepticism, assessment, and\ncredibility. Highlighting the collaborative and heterogeneous nature of\nreal-world data science, we show how the management of trust in applied\ncorporate data science settings depends not only on pre-processing and\nquantification, but also on negotiation and translation. We conclude by\ndiscussing the implications of our findings for data science research and\npractice, both within and beyond CSCW.\n", "doi": "10.1145/3274405", "arxiv_id": "2002.03389", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/2002.03389"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 2, CSCW, Article 136 (November\n  2018), 28 pages", "categories": "cs.CY cs.AI cs.LG"}
{"title": "Privacy-Preserving Script Sharing in GUI-based\n  Programming-by-Demonstration Systems", "year": 2020, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Toby Jia-Jun Li", "Jingya Chen", "Brandon Canfield", "Brad A. Myers"], "abstract": "  An important concern in end user development (EUD) is accidentally embedding\npersonal information in program artifacts when sharing them. This issue is\nparticularly important in GUI-based programming-by-demonstration (PBD) systems\ndue to the lack of direct developer control of script contents. Prior studies\nreported that these privacy concerns were the main barrier to script sharing in\nEUD. We present a new approach that can identify and obfuscate the potential\npersonal information in GUI-based PBD scripts based on the uniqueness of\ninformation entries with respect to the corresponding app GUI context. Compared\nwith the prior approaches, ours supports broader types of personal information\nbeyond explicitly pre-specified ones, requires minimal user effort, addresses\nthe threat of re-identification attacks, and can work with third-party apps\nfrom any task domain. Our approach also recovers obfuscated fields locally on\nthe script consumer's side to preserve the shared scripts' transparency,\nreadability, robustness, and generalizability. Our evaluation shows that our\napproach (1) accurately identifies the potential personal information in\nscripts across different apps in diverse task domains; (2) allows end-user\ndevelopers to feel comfortable sharing their own scripts; and (3) enables\nscript consumers to understand the operation of shared scripts despite the\nobfuscated fields.\n", "doi": "10.1145/3392869", "arxiv_id": "2004.08353", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.08353"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 4, CSCW1, Article 60 (May 2020),\n  23 pages", "categories": "cs.HC cs.AI cs.SE"}
{"title": "Modular Politics: Toward a Governance Layer for Online Communities", "year": 2020, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Nathan Schneider", "Primavera De Filippi", "Seth Frey", "Joshua Z. Tan", "and\n  Amy X. Zhang"], "abstract": "  Governance in online communities is an increasingly high-stakes challenge,\nand yet many basic features of offline governance legacies--juries, political\nparties, term limits, and formal debates, to name a few--are not in the\nfeature-sets of the software most community platforms use. Drawing on the\nparadigm of Institutional Analysis and Development, this paper proposes a\nstrategy for addressing this lapse by specifying basic features of a\ngeneralizable paradigm for online governance called Modular Politics. Whereas\nclassical governance typologies tend to present a choice among wholesale\nideologies, such as democracy or oligarchy, Modular Politics would enable\nplatform operators and their users to build bottom-up governance processes from\ncomputational components that are modular and composable, highly versatile in\ntheir expressiveness, portable from one context to another, and interoperable\nacross platforms. This kind of approach could implement pre-digital governance\nsystems as well as accelerate innovation in uniquely digital techniques. As\ndiverse communities share and connect their components and data, governance\ncould occur through a ubiquitous network layer. To that end, this paper\nproposes the development of an open standard for networked governance.\n", "doi": "10.1145/3449090", "arxiv_id": "2005.13701", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.13701"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact., Vol. 5, No. CSCW1, Article 16.\n  Publication date: April 2021", "categories": "cs.CY"}
{"title": "Effects of algorithmic flagging on fairness: quasi-experimental evidence from Wikipedia", "year": 2020, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Nathan TeBlunthuis", "Benjamin Mako Hill", "Aaron Halfaker"], "abstract": "Online community moderators often rely on social signals such as whether or not a user has an account or a profile page as clues that users may cause problems. Reliance on these clues can lead to \"overprofiling'' bias when moderators focus on these signals but overlook the misbehavior of others. We propose that algorithmic flagging systems deployed to improve the efficiency of moderation work can also make moderation actions more fair to these users by reducing reliance on social signals and making norm violations by everyone else more visible. We analyze moderator behavior in Wikipedia as mediated by RCFilters, a system which displays social signals and algorithmic flags, and estimate the causal effect of being flagged on moderator actions. We show that algorithmically flagged edits are reverted more often, especially those by established editors with positive social signals, and that flagging decreases the likelihood that moderation actions will be undone. Our results suggest that algorithmic flagging systems can lead to increased fairness in some contexts but that the relationship is complex and contingent.", "doi": "10.1145/3449130", "arxiv_id": "2006.03121", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.03121"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 5, CSCW1, Article 56 (April 2021), 27 pages", "categories": "cs.CY cs.HC cs.LG cs.SI"}
{"title": "Conceptual Metaphors Impact Perceptions of Human-AI Collaboration", "year": 2020, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Pranav Khadpe", "Ranjay Krishna", "Li Fei-Fei", "Jeffrey Hancock", "Michael\n  Bernstein"], "abstract": "  With the emergence of conversational artificial intelligence (AI) agents, it\nis important to understand the mechanisms that influence users' experiences of\nthese agents. We study a common tool in the designer's toolkit: conceptual\nmetaphors. Metaphors can present an agent as akin to a wry teenager, a toddler,\nor an experienced butler. How might a choice of metaphor influence our\nexperience of the AI agent? Sampling metaphors along the dimensions of warmth\nand competence---defined by psychological theories as the primary axes of\nvariation for human social perception---we perform a study (N=260) where we\nmanipulate the metaphor, but not the behavior, of a Wizard-of-Oz conversational\nagent. Following the experience, participants are surveyed about their\nintention to use the agent, their desire to cooperate with the agent, and the\nagent's usability. Contrary to the current tendency of designers to use high\ncompetence metaphors to describe AI products, we find that metaphors that\nsignal low competence lead to better evaluations of the agent than metaphors\nthat signal high competence. This effect persists despite both high and low\ncompetence agents featuring human-level performance and the wizards being blind\nto condition. A second study confirms that intention to adopt decreases rapidly\nas competence projected by the metaphor increases. In a third study, we assess\neffects of metaphor choices on potential users' desire to try out the system\nand find that users are drawn to systems that project higher competence and\nwarmth. These results suggest that projecting competence may help attract new\nusers, but those users may discard the agent unless it can quickly correct with\na lower competence metaphor. We close with a retrospective analysis that finds\nsimilar patterns between metaphors and user attitudes towards past\nconversational agents such as Xiaoice, Replika, Woebot, Mitsuku, and Tay.\n", "doi": "10.1145/3415234", "arxiv_id": "2008.02311", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.02311"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "PACM HCI Volume 4 CSCW 2, 2020", "categories": "cs.HC cs.AI"}
{"title": "Middle-Aged Video Consumers' Beliefs About Algorithmic Recommendations\n  on YouTube", "year": 2020, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Oscar Alvarado", "Hendrik Heuer", "Vero Vanden Abeele", "Andreas Breiter", "Katrien Verbert"], "abstract": "  User beliefs about algorithmic systems are constantly co-produced through\nuser interaction and the complex socio-technical systems that generate\nrecommendations. Identifying these beliefs is crucial because they influence\nhow users interact with recommendation algorithms. With no prior work on user\nbeliefs of algorithmic video recommendations, practitioners lack relevant\nknowledge to improve the user experience of such systems. To address this\nproblem, we conducted semi-structured interviews with middle-aged YouTube video\nconsumers to analyze their user beliefs about the video recommendation system.\nOur analysis revealed different factors that users believe influence their\nrecommendations. Based on these factors, we identified four groups of user\nbeliefs: Previous Actions, Social Media, Recommender System, and Company\nPolicy. Additionally, we propose a framework to distinguish the four main\nactors that users believe influence their video recommendations: the current\nuser, other users, the algorithm, and the organization. This framework provides\na new lens to explore design suggestions based on the agency of these four\nactors. It also exposes a novel aspect previously unexplored: the effect of\ncorporate decisions on the interaction with algorithmic recommendations. While\nwe found that users are aware of the existence of the recommendation system on\nYouTube, we show that their understanding of this system is limited.\n", "doi": "10.1145/3415192", "arxiv_id": "2008.03202", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.03202"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 4, CSCW2, Article 121 (October\n  2020)", "categories": "cs.HC cs.CY"}
{"title": "Characterizing Stage-Aware Writing Assistance in Collaborative Document\n  Authoring", "year": 2020, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Bahareh Sarrafzadeh", "Sujay Kumar Jauhar", "Michael Gamon", "Edward Lank", "and Ryen White"], "abstract": "  Writing is a complex non-linear process that begins with a mental model of\nintent, and progresses through an outline of ideas, to words on paper (and\ntheir subsequent refinement). Despite past research in understanding writing,\nWeb-scale consumer and enterprise collaborative digital writing environments\nare yet to greatly benefit from intelligent systems that understand the stages\nof document evolution, providing opportune assistance based on authors'\nsituated actions and context. In this paper, we present three studies that\nexplore temporal stages of document authoring. We first survey information\nworkers at a large technology company about their writing habits and\npreferences, concluding that writers do in fact conceptually progress through\nseveral distinct phases while authoring documents. We also explore,\nqualitatively, how writing stages are linked to document lifespan. We\nsupplement these qualitative findings with an analysis of the longitudinal user\ninteraction logs of a popular digital writing platform over several million\ndocuments. Finally, as a first step towards facilitating an intelligent digital\nwriting assistant, we conduct a preliminary investigation into the utility of\nuser interaction log data for predicting the temporal stage of a document. Our\nresults support the benefit of tools tailored to writing stages, identify\nprimary tasks associated with these stages, and show that it is possible to\npredict stages from anonymous interaction logs. Together, these results argue\nfor the benefit and feasibility of more tailored digital writing assistance.\n", "doi": null, "arxiv_id": "2008.08165", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.08165"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "CSCW 2020", "categories": "cs.HC cs.AI"}
{"title": "Mediating Community-AI Interaction through Situated Explanation: The\n  Case of AI-Led Moderation", "year": 2020, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Yubo Kou and Xinning Gui"], "abstract": "  Artificial intelligence (AI) has become prevalent in our everyday\ntechnologies and impacts both individuals and communities. The explainable AI\n(XAI) scholarship has explored the philosophical nature of explanation and\ntechnical explanations, which are usually driven by experts in lab settings and\ncan be challenging for laypersons to understand. In addition, existing XAI\nresearch tends to focus on the individual level. Little is known about how\npeople understand and explain AI-led decisions in the community context.\nDrawing from XAI and activity theory, a foundational HCI theory, we theorize\nhow explanation is situated in a community's shared values, norms, knowledge,\nand practices, and how situated explanation mediates community-AI interaction.\nWe then present a case study of AI-led moderation, where community members\ncollectively develop explanations of AI-led decisions, most of which are\nautomated punishments. Lastly, we discuss the implications of this framework at\nthe intersection of CSCW, HCI, and XAI.\n", "doi": "10.1145/3415173", "arxiv_id": "2008.08202", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.08202"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "PACMHCI, Vol 4, No. CSCW2, Article 102 (October 2020). 27 pages", "categories": "cs.HC cs.AI cs.CY"}
{"title": "What Makes People Join Conspiracy Communities?: Role of Social Factors\n  in Conspiracy Engagement", "year": 2020, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Shruti Phadke", "Mattia Samory", "Tanushree Mitra"], "abstract": "  Widespread conspiracy theories, like those motivating anti-vaccination\nattitudes or climate change denial, propel collective action and bear\nsociety-wide consequences. Yet, empirical research has largely studied\nconspiracy theory adoption as an individual pursuit, rather than as a socially\nmediated process. What makes users join communities endorsing and spreading\nconspiracy theories? We leverage longitudinal data from 56 conspiracy\ncommunities on Reddit to compare individual and social factors determining\nwhich users join the communities. Using a quasi-experimental approach, we first\nidentify 30K future conspiracists-(FC) and 30K matched non-conspiracists-(NC).\nWe then provide empirical evidence of importance of social factors across six\ndimensions relative to the individual factors by analyzing 6 million Reddit\ncomments and posts. Specifically in social factors, we find that dyadic\ninteractions with members of the conspiracy communities and marginalization\noutside of the conspiracy communities, are the most important social precursors\nto conspiracy joining-even outperforming individual factor baselines. Our\nresults offer quantitative backing to understand social processes and echo\nchamber effects in conspiratorial engagement, with important implications for\ndemocratic institutions and online communities.\n", "doi": null, "arxiv_id": "2009.04527", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.04527"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing 2020", "categories": "cs.SI"}
{"title": "My Team Will Go On: Differentiating High and Low Viability Teams through\n  Team Interaction", "year": 2020, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Hancheng Cao", "Vivian Yang", "Victor Chen", "Yu Jin Lee", "Lydia Stone", "N'godjigui Junior Diarrassouba", "Mark E. Whiting", "Michael S. Bernstein"], "abstract": "  Understanding team viability -- a team's capacity for sustained and future\nsuccess -- is essential for building effective teams. In this study, we\naggregate features drawn from the organizational behavior literature to train a\nviability classification model over a dataset of 669 10-minute text\nconversations of online teams. We train classifiers to identify teams at the\ntop decile (most viable teams), 50th percentile (above a median split), and\nbottom decile (least viable teams), then characterize the attributes of teams\nat each of these viability levels. We find that a lasso regression model\nachieves an accuracy of .74--.92 AUC ROC under different thresholds of\nclassifying viability scores. From these models, we identify the use of\nexclusive language such as `but' and `except', and the use of second person\npronouns, as the most predictive features for detecting the most viable teams,\nsuggesting that active engagement with others' ideas is a crucial signal of a\nviable team. Only a small fraction of the 10-minute discussion, as little as 70\nseconds, is required for predicting the viability of team interaction. This\nwork suggests opportunities for teams to assess, track, and visualize their own\nviability in real time as they collaborate.\n", "doi": "10.1145/3432929", "arxiv_id": "2010.07292", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.07292"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 4, CSCW3, Article 230 (December\n  2020)", "categories": "cs.CY cs.CL"}
{"title": "Local Perceptions and Practices of News Sharing and Fake News", "year": 2020, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Gionnieve Lim", "Simon T. Perrault"], "abstract": "  Fake news is a prevalent problem, particularly in digital media, that\nundermines trust and cooperation among people. As a variety of global\nmitigation efforts arise, the understanding of how people consider fake news\nbecomes important, especially in local contexts. To that end, we carried out a\nsurvey with 75 participants in Singapore to understand people's perceptions of\nand practices with news (real and fake). Locally, fake news was found to be\nmore pervasive in instant messaging apps than in social media, with the problem\nattributed more strongly to sharing than to creation. Good news sharing\npractices were generally observed. Highest trust was reported in government\ncommunication platforms across 11 media items. These results show that\nSingapore possesses a peculiar sociocultural scene, suggesting that efforts\ndirected towards locally relevant measures may be more effective in addressing\nfake news in Singapore. We detail the survey results and recommended directions\nin this paper.\n", "doi": "10.1145/3462204.3481767", "arxiv_id": "2010.07607", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.07607"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "CSCW 2021", "categories": "cs.HC"}
{"title": "End User Accounts of Dark Patterns as Felt Manipulation", "year": 2020, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Colin M. Gray", "Jingle Chen", "Shruthi Sai Chivukula", "and Liyang Qu"], "abstract": "  Manipulation defines many of our experiences as a consumer, including subtle\nnudges and overt advertising campaigns that seek to gain our attention and\nmoney. With the advent of digital services that can continuously optimize\nonline experiences to favor stakeholder requirements, increasingly designers\nand developers make use of \"dark patterns\"---forms of manipulation that prey on\nhuman psychology---to encourage certain behaviors and discourage others in ways\nthat present unequal value to the end user. In this paper, we provide an\naccount of end user perceptions of manipulation that builds on and extends\nnotions of dark patterns. We report on the results of a survey of users\nconducted in English and Mandarin Chinese (n=169), including follow-up\ninterviews from nine survey respondents. We used a card sorting method to\nsupport thematic analysis of responses from each cultural context, identifying\nboth qualitatively-supported insights to describe end users' felt experiences\nof manipulative products, and a continuum of manipulation. We further support\nthis analysis through a quantitative analysis of survey results and the\npresentation of vignettes from the interviews. We conclude with implications\nfor future research, considerations for public policy, and guidance on how to\nfurther empower and give users autonomy in their experiences with digital\nservices.\n", "doi": "10.1145/3479516", "arxiv_id": "2010.11046", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.11046"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, Volume 5,\n  Issue CSCW2, October 2021", "categories": "cs.HC cs.CY"}
{"title": "Saudi Arabian Parents' Perception of Online Marital Matchmaking\n  Technologies", "year": 2020, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Adel Al-Dawood", "Serene Alhajhussein", "Svetlana Yarosh"], "abstract": "  Finding a date or a spouse online is usually considered an individualistic\nendeavor in Western cultures. This presents a challenge for collectivist\nnon-Western cultures such as Saudi Arabia where choosing a spouse is viewed as\na union of two families with parents of both spouses being heavily involved.\nOur work aims to investigate how Saudi Arabian parents view the utilization of\ntechnology by their young adults to seek potential spouses online. We report\nour findings of interviews conducted with 16 Saudi Arabian parents (8 fathers,\n6 mothers and 1 couple). We generate qualitative themes that provide insights\nabout how parents wanted to preserve their values, integrate technology into\nthe traditional process and protect their young adults from potential harms.\nThese themes lead to implications for designing suitable marital matchmaking\ntechnologies in Saudi Arabia and opportunities for future work.\n", "doi": "10.1145/3432910", "arxiv_id": "2010.12022", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.12022"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "Proceedings of the ACM on Human Computer Interaction Volume 4\n  Issue CSCW Article 211 January 2021", "categories": "cs.CY cs.HC"}
{"title": "Origins of Algorithmic Instabilities in Crowdsourced Ranking", "year": 2020, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Keith Burghardt", "Tad Hogg", "Raissa M. D'Souza", "Kristina Lerman", "Marton\n  Posfai"], "abstract": "  Crowdsourcing systems aggregate decisions of many people to help users\nquickly identify high-quality options, such as the best answers to questions or\ninteresting news stories. A long-standing issue in crowdsourcing is how option\nquality and human judgement heuristics interact to affect collective outcomes,\nsuch as the perceived popularity of options. We address this limitation by\nconducting a controlled experiment where subjects choose between two ranked\noptions whose quality can be independently varied. We use this data to\nconstruct a model that quantifies how judgement heuristics and option quality\ncombine when deciding between two options. The model reveals popularity-ranking\ncan be unstable: unless the quality difference between the two options is\nsufficiently high, the higher quality option is not guaranteed to be eventually\nranked on top. To rectify this instability, we create an algorithm that\naccounts for judgement heuristics to infer the best option and rank it first.\nThis algorithm is guaranteed to be optimal if data matches the model. When the\ndata does not match the model, however, simulations show that in practice this\nalgorithm performs better or at least as well as popularity-based and\nrecency-based ranking for any two-choice question. Our work suggests that\nalgorithms relying on inference of mathematical models of user behavior can\nsubstantially improve outcomes in crowdsourcing systems.\n", "doi": "10.1145/3415237", "arxiv_id": "2010.12571", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.12571"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact., Vol. 4, No. CSCW2, Article 166.\n  2020", "categories": "cs.SI cs.HC"}
{"title": "Algorithmic Risk Assessments Can Alter Human Decision-Making Processes\n  in High-Stakes Government Contexts", "year": 2020, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Ben Green", "Yiling Chen"], "abstract": "  Governments are increasingly turning to algorithmic risk assessments when\nmaking important decisions, such as whether to release criminal defendants\nbefore trial. Policymakers assert that providing public servants with\nalgorithmic advice will improve human risk predictions and thereby lead to\nbetter (e.g., fairer) decisions. Yet because many policy decisions require\nbalancing risk-reduction with competing goals, improving the accuracy of\npredictions may not necessarily improve the quality of decisions. If risk\nassessments make people more attentive to reducing risk at the expense of other\nvalues, these algorithms would diminish the implementation of public policy\neven as they lead to more accurate predictions. Through an experiment with\n2,140 lay participants simulating two high-stakes government contexts, we\nprovide the first direct evidence that risk assessments can systematically\nalter how people factor risk into their decisions. These shifts counteracted\nthe potential benefits of improved prediction accuracy. In the pretrial setting\nof our experiment, the risk assessment made participants more sensitive to\nincreases in perceived risk; this shift increased the racial disparity in\npretrial detention by 1.9%. In the government loans setting of our experiment,\nthe risk assessment made participants more risk-averse; this shift reduced\ngovernment aid by 8.3%. These results demonstrate the potential limits and\nharms of attempts to improve public policy by incorporating predictive\nalgorithms into multifaceted policy decisions. If these observed behaviors\noccur in practice, presenting risk assessments to public servants would\ngenerate unexpected and unjust shifts in public policy without being subject to\ndemocratic deliberation or oversight.\n", "doi": "10.1145/3479562", "arxiv_id": "2012.05370", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/2012.05370"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5, CSCW2,\n  Article 418 (October 2021)", "categories": "cs.HC cs.AI cs.CY"}
{"title": "Enabling Collaborative Data Science Development with the Ballet\n  Framework", "year": 2020, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Micah J. Smith", "J\\\"urgen Cito", "Kelvin Lu", "Kalyan Veeramachaneni"], "abstract": "  While the open-source software development model has led to successful\nlarge-scale collaborations in building software systems, data science projects\nare frequently developed by individuals or small teams. We describe challenges\nto scaling data science collaborations and present a conceptual framework and\nML programming model to address them. We instantiate these ideas in Ballet, a\nlightweight framework for collaborative, open-source data science through a\nfocus on feature engineering, and an accompanying cloud-based development\nenvironment. Using our framework, collaborators incrementally propose feature\ndefinitions to a repository which are each subjected to an ML performance\nevaluation and can be automatically merged into an executable feature\nengineering pipeline. We leverage Ballet to conduct a case study analysis of an\nincome prediction problem with 27 collaborators, and discuss implications for\nfuture designers of collaborative projects.\n", "doi": "10.1145/3479575", "arxiv_id": "2012.07816", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/2012.07816"], "github": ["https://github.com/ballet/ballet", "https://github.com/HDI-Project/ballet", "https://github.com/micahjsmith/ballet-cscw-2021"], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 5, CSCW2, Article 431 (October\n  2021), 39 pages", "categories": "cs.LG cs.HC cs.SE"}
{"title": "Moderation Challenges in Voice-based Online Communities on Discord", "year": 2021, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Jialun Aaron Jiang", "Charles Kiene", "Skyler Middler", "Jed R. Brubaker", "Casey Fiesler"], "abstract": "  Online community moderators are on the front lines of combating problems like\nhate speech and harassment, but new modes of interaction can introduce\nunexpected challenges. In this paper, we consider moderation practices and\nchallenges in the context of real-time, voice-based communication through 25\nin-depth interviews with moderators on Discord. Our findings suggest that the\naffordances of voice-based online communities change what it means to moderate\ncontent and interactions. Not only are there new ways to break rules that\nmoderators of text-based communities find unfamiliar, such as disruptive noise\nand voice raiding, but acquiring evidence of rule-breaking behaviors is also\nmore difficult due to the ephemerality of real-time voice. While moderators\nhave developed new moderation strategies, these strategies are limited and\noften based on hearsay and first impressions, resulting in problems ranging\nfrom unsuccessful moderation to false accusations. Based on these findings, we\ndiscuss how voice communication complicates current understandings and\nassumptions about moderation, and outline ways that platform designers and\nadministrators can design technology to facilitate moderation.\n", "doi": "10.1145/3359157", "arxiv_id": "2101.05258", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/2101.05258"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact.3, CSCW, Article 55 (November\n  2019), 23 pages", "categories": "cs.HC cs.CY"}
{"title": "Separating Polarization from Noise: Comparison and Normalization of\n  Structural Polarization Measures", "year": 2021, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Ali Salloum", "Ted Hsuan Yun Chen", "Mikko Kivel\\\"a"], "abstract": "  Quantifying the amount of polarization is crucial for understanding and\nstudying political polarization in political and social systems. Several\nmethods are used commonly to measure polarization in social networks by purely\ninspecting their structure. We analyse eight of such methods and show that all\nof them yield high polarization scores even for random networks with similar\ndensity and degree distributions to typical real-world networks. Further, some\nof the methods are sensitive to degree distributions and relative sizes of the\npolarized groups. We propose normalization to the existing scores and a minimal\nset of tests that a score should pass in order for it to be suitable for\nseparating polarized networks from random noise. The performance of the scores\nincreased by 38%-220% after normalization in a classification task of 203\nnetworks. Further, we find that the choice of method is not as important as\nnormalization, after which most of the methods have better performance than the\nbest-performing method before normalization. This work opens up the possibility\nto critically assess and compare the features and performance of different\nmethods for measuring structural polarization.\n", "doi": "10.1145/3512962", "arxiv_id": "2101.07009", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/2101.07009"], "github": ["https://github.com/alesalloum/normalized_polarization"], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, Volume 6,\n  Issue CSCW, 1 April 2022, Article No.: 115, pp 1-33", "categories": "cs.SI physics.soc-ph stat.AP"}
{"title": "Dissonance Between Human and Machine Understanding", "year": 2021, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Zijian Zhang", "Jaspreet Singh", "Ujwal Gadiraju", "Avishek Anand"], "abstract": "  Complex machine learning models are deployed in several critical domains\nincluding healthcare and autonomous vehicles nowadays, albeit as functional\nblack boxes. Consequently, there has been a recent surge in interpreting\ndecisions of such complex models in order to explain their actions to humans.\nModels that correspond to human interpretation of a task are more desirable in\ncertain contexts and can help attribute liability, build trust, expose biases\nand in turn build better models. It is, therefore, crucial to understand how\nand which models conform to human understanding of tasks. In this paper, we\npresent a large-scale crowdsourcing study that reveals and quantifies the\ndissonance between human and machine understanding, through the lens of an\nimage classification task. In particular, we seek to answer the following\nquestions: Which (well-performing) complex ML models are closer to humans in\ntheir use of features to make accurate predictions? How does task difficulty\naffect the feature selection capability of machines in comparison to humans?\nAre humans consistently better at selecting features that make image\nrecognition more accurate? Our findings have important implications on\nhuman-machine collaboration, considering that a long term goal in the field of\nartificial intelligence is to make machines capable of learning and reasoning\nlike humans.\n", "doi": "10.1145/3359158", "arxiv_id": "2101.07337", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/2101.07337"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "[J]. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 2019,\n  3(CSCW): 1-23", "categories": "cs.AI"}
{"title": "Exploring Lightweight Interventions at Posting Time to Reduce the\n  Sharing of Misinformation on Social Media", "year": 2021, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Farnaz Jahanbakhsh", "Amy X. Zhang", "Adam J. Berinsky", "Gordon Pennycook", "David G. Rand", "David R. Karger"], "abstract": "  When users on social media share content without considering its veracity,\nthey may unwittingly be spreading misinformation. In this work, we investigate\nthe design of lightweight interventions that nudge users to assess the accuracy\nof information as they share it. Such assessment may deter users from posting\nmisinformation in the first place, and their assessments may also provide\nuseful guidance to friends aiming to assess those posts themselves. In support\nof lightweight assessment, we first develop a taxonomy of the reasons why\npeople believe a news claim is or is not true; this taxonomy yields a checklist\nthat can be used at posting time. We conduct evaluations to demonstrate that\nthe checklist is an accurate and comprehensive encapsulation of people's\nfree-response rationales. In a second experiment, we study the effects of three\nbehavioral nudges -- 1) checkboxes indicating whether headings are accurate, 2)\ntagging reasons (from our taxonomy) that a post is accurate via a checklist and\n3) providing free-text rationales for why a headline is or is not accurate --\non people's intention of sharing the headline on social media. From an\nexperiment with 1668 participants, we find that both providing accuracy\nassessment and rationale reduce the sharing of false content. They also reduce\nthe sharing of true content, but to a lesser degree that yields an overall\ndecrease in the fraction of shared content that is false. Our findings have\nimplications for designing social media and news sharing platforms that draw\nfrom richer signals of content credibility contributed by users. In addition,\nour validated taxonomy can be used by platforms and researchers as a way to\ngather rationales in an easier fashion than free-response.\n", "doi": "10.1145/3449092", "arxiv_id": "2101.11824", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/2101.11824"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact., Vol. 5, No. CSCW1, Article 18.\n  Publication date: April 2021", "categories": "cs.HC"}
{"title": "To Reuse or Not To Reuse? A Framework and System for Evaluating\n  Summarized Knowledge", "year": 2021, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Michael Xieyang Liu", "Aniket Kittur", "Brad A. Myers"], "abstract": "  As the amount of information online continues to grow, a correspondingly\nimportant opportunity is for individuals to reuse knowledge which has been\nsummarized by others rather than starting from scratch. However, appropriate\nreuse requires judging the relevance, trustworthiness, and thoroughness of\nothers' knowledge in relation to an individual's goals and context. In this\nwork, we explore augmenting judgements of the appropriateness of reusing\nknowledge in the domain of programming, specifically of reusing artifacts that\nresult from other developers' searching and decision making. Through an\nanalysis of prior research on sensemaking and trust, along with new interviews\nwith developers, we synthesized a framework for reuse judgements. The\ninterviews also validated that developers express a desire for help with\njudging whether to reuse an existing decision. From this framework, we\ndeveloped a set of techniques for capturing the initial decision maker's\nbehavior and visualizing signals calculated based on the behavior, to\nfacilitate subsequent consumers' reuse decisions, instantiated in a prototype\nsystem called Strata. Results of a user study suggest that the system\nsignificantly improves the accuracy, depth, and speed of reusing decisions.\nThese results have implications for systems involving user-generated content in\nwhich other users need to evaluate the relevance and trustworthiness of that\ncontent.\n", "doi": "10.1145/3449240", "arxiv_id": "2102.06231", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.06231"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact.5, CSCW1, Article 166(April 2021),\n  35 pages", "categories": "cs.HC"}
{"title": "Formation of Social Ties Influences Food Choice: A Campus-Wide\n  Longitudinal Study", "year": 2021, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Kristina Gligori\\'c", "Ryen W. White", "Emre K{\\i}c{\\i}man", "Eric Horvitz", "Arnaud Chiolero", "Robert West"], "abstract": "  Nutrition is a key determinant of long-term health, and social influence has\nlong been theorized to be a key determinant of nutrition. It has been difficult\nto quantify the postulated role of social influence on nutrition using\ntraditional methods such as surveys, due to the typically small scale and short\nduration of studies. To overcome these limitations, we leverage a novel source\nof data: logs of 38 million food purchases made over an 8-year period on the\nEcole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL) university campus, linked to\nanonymized individuals via the smartcards used to make on-campus purchases. In\na longitudinal observational study, we ask: How is a person's food choice\naffected by eating with someone else whose own food choice is healthy vs.\nunhealthy? To estimate causal effects from the passively observed log data, we\ncontrol confounds in a matched quasi-experimental design: we identify focal\nusers who at first do not have any regular eating partners but then start\neating with a fixed partner regularly, and we match focal users into comparison\npairs such that paired users are nearly identical with respect to covariates\nmeasured before acquiring the partner, where the two focal users' new eating\npartners diverge in the healthiness of their respective food choice. A\ndifference-in-differences analysis of the paired data yields clear evidence of\nsocial influence: focal users acquiring a healthy-eating partner change their\nhabits significantly more toward healthy foods than focal users acquiring an\nunhealthy-eating partner. We further identify foods whose purchase frequency is\nimpacted significantly by the eating partner's healthiness of food choice.\nBeyond the main results, the work demonstrates the utility of passively sensed\nfood purchase logs for deriving insights, with the potential of informing the\ndesign of public health interventions and food offerings.\n", "doi": "10.1145/34492971", "arxiv_id": "2102.08755", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.08755"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact.5, CSCW1, Article 184 (April 2021)", "categories": "cs.SI cs.AI"}
{"title": "Trend Alert: How a Cross-Platform Organization Manipulated Twitter\n  Trends in the Indian General Election", "year": 2021, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Maurice Jakesch", "Kiran Garimella", "Dean Eckles", "Mor Naaman"], "abstract": "  Political organizations worldwide keep innovating their use of social media\ntechnologies. In the 2019 Indian general election, organizers used a network of\nWhatsApp groups to manipulate Twitter trends through coordinated mass postings.\nWe joined 600 WhatsApp groups that support the Bharatiya Janata Party, the\nright-wing party that won the general election, to investigate these campaigns.\nWe found evidence of 75 hashtag manipulation campaigns in the form of\nmobilization messages with lists of pre-written tweets. Building on this\nevidence, we estimate the campaigns' size, describe their organization and\ndetermine whether they succeeded in creating controlled social media\nnarratives. Our findings show that the campaigns produced hundreds of\nnationwide Twitter trends throughout the election. Centrally controlled but\nvoluntary in participation, this hybrid configuration of technologies and\norganizational strategies shows how profoundly online tools transform campaign\npolitics. Trend alerts complicate the debates over the legitimate use of\ndigital tools for political participation and may have provided a blueprint for\nparticipatory media manipulation by a party with popular support.\n", "doi": "10.1145/3479523", "arxiv_id": "2104.13259", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.13259"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 5, CSCW, Article 379 (October\n  2021)", "categories": "cs.SI cs.HC"}
{"title": "Head-mounted Displays, Smartphones, or Smartwatches? -- Augmenting\n  Conversations with Digital Representation of Self", "year": 2021, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Ilyena Hirskyj-Douglas", "Mikko Kyto and David McGookin"], "abstract": "  Technologies that augment face-to-face interactions with a digital sense of\nself have been used to support conversations. That work has employed one\nhomogenous technology, either 'off-the-shelf' or with a bespoke prototype,\nacross all participants. Beyond speculative instances, it is unclear what\ntechnology individuals themselves would choose, if any, to augment their social\ninteractions; what influence it may exert; or how use of heterogeneous devices\nmay affect the value of this augmentation. This is important, as the devices\nthat we use directly affect our behaviour, influencing affordances and how we\nengage in social interactions. Through a study of 28 participants, we compared\nhead-mounted display, smartphones, and smartwatches to support digital\naugmentation of self during face-to-face interactions within a group. We\nidentified a preference among participants for head-mounted displays to support\nprivacy, while smartwatches and smartphones better supported conversational\nevents (such as grounding and repair), along with group use through\nscreen-sharing. Accordingly, we present software and hardware design\nrecommendations and user interface guidelines for integrating a digital form of\nself into face-to-face conversations.\n", "doi": "10.1145/3359281", "arxiv_id": "2105.03184", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.03184"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 2019. 3, CSCW, Article 179", "categories": "cs.HC"}
{"title": "Black or White but never neutral: How readers perceive identity from\n  yellow or skin-toned emoji", "year": 2021, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Alexander Robertson", "Walid Magdy", "Sharon Goldwater"], "abstract": "  Research in sociology and linguistics shows that people use language not only\nto express their own identity but to understand the identity of others. Recent\nwork established a connection between expression of identity and emoji usage on\nsocial media, through use of emoji skin tone modifiers. Motivated by that\nfinding, this work asks if, as with language, readers are sensitive to such\nacts of self-expression and use them to understand the identity of authors. In\nbehavioral experiments (n=488), where text and emoji content of social media\nposts were carefully controlled before being presented to participants, we find\nin the affirmative -- emoji are a salient signal of author identity. That\nsignal is distinct from, and complementary to, the one encoded in language.\nParticipant groups (based on self-identified ethnicity) showed no differences\nin how they perceive this signal, except in the case of the default yellow\nemoji. While both groups associate this with a White identity, the effect was\nstronger in White participants. Our finding that emoji can index social\nvariables will have experimental applications for researchers but also\nimplications for designers: supposedly ``neutral`` defaults may be more\nrepresentative of some users than others.\n", "doi": null, "arxiv_id": "2105.05887", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.05887"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "ACM Conference On Computer-supported Cooperative Work And Social\n  Computing 2021", "categories": "cs.CL"}
{"title": "Computer-Mediated Consent to Sex: The Context of Tinder", "year": 2021, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Douglas Zytko", "Nicholas Furlo", "Bailey Carlin", "Matthew Archer"], "abstract": "  This paper reports an interview study about how consent to sexual activity is\ncomputer-mediated. The study's context of online dating is chosen due to the\nprevalence of sexual violence, or nonconsensual sexual activity, that is\nassociated with dating app-use. Participants (n=19) represent a range of gender\nidentities and sexual orientations, and predominantly used the dating app\nTinder. Findings reveal two computer-mediated consent processes: consent\nsignaling and affirmative consent. With consent signaling, users employed\nTinder's interface to infer and imply agreement to sex without any explicit\nconfirmation before making sexual advances in-person. With affirmative consent,\nusers employed the interface to establish patterns of overt discourse around\nsex and consent across online and offline modalities. The paper elucidates\nshortcomings of both computer-mediated consent processes that leave users\nsusceptible to sexual violence and envisions dating apps as potential sexual\nviolence prevention solutions if deliberately designed to mediate consent\nexchange.\n", "doi": "10.1145/3449288", "arxiv_id": "2105.07333", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.07333"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "In Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, Vol. 5,\n  CSCW1, Article 189, 2021. ACM, New York, NY, USA", "categories": "cs.HC"}
{"title": "Independent Asymmetric Embedding for Information Diffusion Prediction on\n  Social Networks", "year": 2021, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Wenjin Xie and Xiaomeng Wang and Tao Jia"], "abstract": "  The prediction for information diffusion on social networks has great\npractical significance in marketing and public opinion control. It aims to\npredict the individuals who will potentially repost the message on the social\nnetwork. One type of method is based on demographics, complex networks and\nother prior knowledge to establish an interpretable model to simulate and\npredict the propagation process, while the other type of method is completely\ndata-driven and maps the nodes to a latent space for propagation prediction.\nExisting latent space design and embedding methods lack consideration for the\nintervene among users. In this paper, we propose an independent asymmetric\nembedding method to embed each individual into one latent influence space and\nmultiple latent susceptibility spaces. Based on the similarity between\ninformation diffusion and heat diffusion phenomenon, the heat diffusion kernel\nis exploited in our model and establishes the embedding rules. Furthermore, our\nmethod captures the co-occurrence regulation of user combinations in cascades\nto improve the calculating effectiveness. The results of extensive experiments\nconducted on real-world datasets verify both the predictive accuracy and\ncost-effectiveness of our approach.\n", "doi": "10.1109/cscwd54268.2022.9776071", "arxiv_id": "2105.08291", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.08291"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "2022 IEEE 25th International Conference on Computer Supported\n  Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD)", "categories": "cs.LG cs.SI"}
{"title": "The Challenge of Variable Effort Crowdsourcing and How Visible Gold Can\n  Help", "year": 2021, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Danula Hettiachchi", "Mike Schaekermann", "Tristan McKinney and Matthew\n  Lease"], "abstract": "  We consider a class of variable effort human annotation tasks in which the\nnumber of labels required per item can greatly vary (e.g., finding all faces in\nan image, named entities in a text, bird calls in an audio recording, etc.). In\nsuch tasks, some items require far more effort than others to annotate.\nFurthermore, the per-item annotation effort is not known until after each item\nis annotated since determining the number of labels required is an implicit\npart of the annotation task itself. On an image bounding-box task with\ncrowdsourced annotators, we show that annotator accuracy and recall\nconsistently drop as effort increases. We hypothesize reasons for this drop and\ninvestigate a set of approaches to counteract it. Firstly, we benchmark on this\ntask a set of general best-practice methods for quality crowdsourcing. Notably,\nonly one of these methods actually improves quality: the use of visible gold\nquestions that provide periodic feedback to workers on their accuracy as they\nwork. Given these promising results, we then investigate and evaluate variants\nof the visible gold approach, yielding further improvement. Final results show\na 7% improvement in bounding-box accuracy over the baseline. We discuss the\ngenerality of the visible gold approach and promising directions for future\nresearch.\n", "doi": "10.1145/3476073", "arxiv_id": "2105.09457", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.09457"], "github": ["https://github.com/danula/crowdsourcing-variable-effort"], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact., 5(CSCW2), 26 (2021)", "categories": "cs.HC"}
{"title": "Social Catalysts: Characterizing People Who Spark Conversations Among\n  Others", "year": 2021, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Martin Saveski", "Farshad Kooti", "Sylvia Morelli Vitousek", "Carlos Diuk", "Bryce Bartlett", "Lada Adamic"], "abstract": "  People assume different and important roles within social networks. Some\nroles have received extensive study: that of influencers who are\nwell-connected, and that of brokers who bridge unconnected parts of the\nnetwork. However, very little work has explored another potentially important\nrole, that of creating opportunities for people to interact and facilitating\nconversation between them. These individuals bring people together and act as\nsocial catalysts. In this paper, we test for the presence of social catalysts\non the online social network Facebook. We first identify posts that have\nspurred conversations between the poster's friends and summarize the\ncharacteristics of such posts. We then aggregate the number of catalyzed\ncomments at the poster level, as a measure of the individual's \"catalystness.\"\nThe top 1% of such individuals account for 31% of catalyzed interactions,\nalthough their network characteristics do not differ markedly from others who\npost as frequently and have a similar number of friends. By collecting survey\ndata, we also validate the behavioral measure of catalystness: a person is more\nlikely to be nominated as a social catalyst by their friends if their posts\nprompt discussions between other people more frequently. The measure, along\nwith other conversation-related features, is one of the most predictive of a\nperson being nominated as a catalyst. Although influencers and brokers may have\ngotten more attention for their network positions, our findings provide\nconverging evidence that another important role exists and is recognized in\nonline social networks.\n", "doi": "10.1145/3476023", "arxiv_id": "2107.04936", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/2107.04936"], "github": ["https://github.com/facebookresearch/social-catalysts"], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 5, CSCW2 (2021)", "categories": "cs.SI cs.CY"}
{"title": "Do Datasets Have Politics? Disciplinary Values in Computer Vision\n  Dataset Development", "year": 2021, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Morgan Klaus Scheuerman", "Emily Denton", "Alex Hanna"], "abstract": "  Data is a crucial component of machine learning. The field is reliant on data\nto train, validate, and test models. With increased technical capabilities,\nmachine learning research has boomed in both academic and industry settings,\nand one major focus has been on computer vision. Computer vision is a popular\ndomain of machine learning increasingly pertinent to real-world applications,\nfrom facial recognition in policing to object detection for autonomous\nvehicles. Given computer vision's propensity to shape machine learning research\nand impact human life, we seek to understand disciplinary practices around\ndataset documentation - how data is collected, curated, annotated, and packaged\ninto datasets for computer vision researchers and practitioners to use for\nmodel tuning and development. Specifically, we examine what dataset\ndocumentation communicates about the underlying values of vision data and the\nlarger practices and goals of computer vision as a field. To conduct this\nstudy, we collected a corpus of about 500 computer vision datasets, from which\nwe sampled 114 dataset publications across different vision tasks. Through both\na structured and thematic content analysis, we document a number of values\naround accepted data practices, what makes desirable data, and the treatment of\nhumans in the dataset construction process. We discuss how computer vision\ndatasets authors value efficiency at the expense of care; universality at the\nexpense of contextuality; impartiality at the expense of positionality; and\nmodel work at the expense of data work. Many of the silenced values we identify\nsit in opposition with social computing practices. We conclude with suggestions\non how to better incorporate silenced values into the dataset creation and\ncuration process.\n", "doi": "10.1145/3476058", "arxiv_id": "2108.04308", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/2108.04308"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact.5, CSCW2, Article 317(October\n  2021), 37 pages", "categories": "cs.CV cs.HC"}
{"title": "A Framework of Severity for Harmful Content Online", "year": 2021, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Morgan Klaus Scheuerman", "Jialun Aaron Jiang", "Casey Fiesler", "Jed R.\n  Brubaker"], "abstract": "  The proliferation of harmful content on online social media platforms has\nnecessitated empirical understandings of experiences of harm online and the\ndevelopment of practices for harm mitigation. Both understandings of harm and\napproaches to mitigating that harm, often through content moderation, have\nimplicitly embedded frameworks of prioritization - what forms of harm should be\nresearched, how policy on harmful content should be implemented, and how\nharmful content should be moderated. To aid efforts of better understanding the\nvariety of online harms, how they relate to one another, and how to prioritize\nharms relevant to research, policy, and practice, we present a theoretical\nframework of severity for harmful online content. By employing a grounded\ntheory approach, we developed a framework of severity based on interviews and\ncard-sorting activities conducted with 52 participants over the course of ten\nmonths. Through our analysis, we identified four Types of Harm (physical,\nemotional, relational, and financial) and eight Dimensions along which the\nseverity of harm can be understood (perspectives, intent, agency, experience,\nscale, urgency, vulnerability, sphere). We describe how our framework can be\napplied to both research and policy settings towards deeper understandings of\nspecific forms of harm (e.g., harassment) and prioritization frameworks when\nimplementing policies encompassing many forms of harm.\n", "doi": "10.1145/3479512", "arxiv_id": "2108.04401", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/2108.04401"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact.5, CSCW2, Article 368 (October\n  2021), 33 pages", "categories": "cs.HC"}
{"title": "Protection or punishment? relating the design space of parental control\n  apps and perceptions about them to support parenting for online safety", "year": 2021, "venue_abbr": "CSCW", "venue_name": "ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing", "authors": ["Ge Wang", "Jun Zhao", "Max Van Kleek", "Nigel Shadbolt"], "abstract": "  Parental control apps, which are mobile apps that allow parents to monitor\nand restrict their children's activities online, are becoming increasingly\nadopted by parents as a means of safeguarding their children's online safety.\nHowever, it is not clear whether these apps are always beneficial or effective\nin what they aim to do; for instance, the overuse of restriction and\nsurveillance has been found to undermine parent-child relationship and\nchildren's sense of autonomy. In this work, we investigate this gap, asking\nspecifically: how might children's and parents' perceptions be related to how\nparental control features were designed? To investigate this question, we\nconducted an analysis of 58 top Android parental control apps designed for the\npurpose of promoting children's online safety, finding three major axes of\nvariation in how key restriction and monitoring features were realised:\ngranularity, feedback/transparency, and parent-child communications support. To\nrelate these axes to perceived benefits and problems, we then analysed 3264 app\nreviews to identify references to aspects of the each of the axes above, to\nunderstand children's and parents' views of how such dimensions related to\ntheir experiences with these apps. Our findings led towards 1) an understanding\nof how parental control apps realise their functionalities differently along\nthree axes of variation, 2) an analysis of exactly the ways that such variation\ninfluences children's and parents' perceptions, respectively of the usefulness\nor effectiveness of these apps, and finally 3) an identification of design\nrecommendations and opportunities for future apps by contextualising our\nfindings within existing digital parenting theories.\n", "doi": "10.1145/3476084", "arxiv_id": "2109.05347", "pdf_urls": ["https://arxiv.org/pdf/2109.05347"], "github": [], "is_oa": true, "sources": ["open-arxiv"], "type": "conference", "journal_ref": "Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 5, CSCW2, Article 343 (October\n  2021)", "categories": "cs.HC"}