diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/0703429604d59808.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/0703429604d59808.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ec9a1b340e2b4611fa0a7495dc672b654ba9cd6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/0703429604d59808.json
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 140,
+"cost_usd": 8.64e-05,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 608,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A pixel art, top-down view of an industrial or mechanical scene rendered in green tones. Left side features a large grid-like block structure with stacked rectangular blocks and some plant-like texture on top. Center has various stacked and interlocking rounded and rectangular blocks forming a compact, modular layout. On the right, there are ladder-like rungs, cylindrical shapes, and circular components with arrows inside, suggesting control dials or conveyor elements. Overall it resembles a schematic or factory interior with dense, modular machinery pieces and piping, all in varying shades of green. No people or text are legible.",
+"height": 361,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/0703429604d59808.png",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "0703429604d59808",
+"sha256": "0703429604d59808a8ca80a780b2466d0e79eafd1b1c783b1ef97a7a02ede754",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/112a8a678aa2a72a.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/112a8a678aa2a72a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0889c600b3f29526db651f10673069d4811baf0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/112a8a678aa2a72a.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 214,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001496,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1280,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A chess game interface on a computer screen showing an empty board with pieces arranged for the starting position. White pieces occupy the bottom two ranks: pawns on a2 through h2, rooks on a1 and h1, knights on b1 and g1, bishops on c1 and f1, queen on d1, king on e1, and additional pieces along the back rank. Black pieces occupy the top two ranks: pawns on a7 through h7, rooks on a8 and h8, knights on b8 and g8, bishops on c8 and f8, queen on d8, king on e8, and other back-rank pieces. The board uses light and dark brown squares. There is a vertical move list pane on the right side labeled 1. with an empty move sequence. The window title bar shows the ChessV program. The overall scene appears to be a standard initial chess setup.",
+"height": 819,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/112a8a678aa2a72a.jpg",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "112a8a678aa2a72a",
+"sha256": "112a8a678aa2a72a7798a409d698fa6aded909665fbb9a0086ac1a2f3bdc0941",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/13ba02be015f22b2.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/13ba02be015f22b2.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dffc9c14f871ce967b9db7d1077945be20231fd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/13ba02be015f22b2.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 336,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001888,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1088,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A chessboard is shown with pieces in the middle of a game. White pieces: on a8 rook, b8 knight, g8 rook, a6 pawn, b6 pawn, c7 pawn, e7 white pawn, f7 white pawn, h4 pawn, e3 bishop, e4 pawn, d5 pawn, a4 pawn, a5 queen on a4? (White queen on a4), b3 bishop, g3 pawn, h3? (no), g2? not visible. Black pieces: a8? actually black rook on a8? The board shows black king on b8, queen on d1, rook on f8 and g1? Not exactly. Knights on c3, f6, d2? pawns scattered: a7, b7, c7? etc. The right panel shows a timer counting down 2:21, move indicator shows 14 in golden script. A highlighted green squares indicate possible moves for some white pieces. Overall: a complex position with many pieces placed around the center and edges, including a white queen on a4, white bishop on f3, white bishop on b3, white knight on b8, black knight on c3, black knight on f6, black queen on d1, black rook on f8, black rook on g8, black bishop on e1, black bishop on g8? The exact coordinates are inconsistent, but the scene depicts a dense mid-to-endgame with both sides’ major and minor pieces present.",
+"height": 687,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/13ba02be015f22b2.jpg",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "13ba02be015f22b2",
+"sha256": "13ba02be015f22b2d079681c61746d74486aef9a5399faf157639d51cda6f22c",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/14aac8a15633edd6.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/14aac8a15633edd6.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e05b30cba77bce40d97d0c78eab9b687cde0c365
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/14aac8a15633edd6.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 154,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001064,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 896,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A dim ancient stone corridor with mossy walls and a low ceiling. Two large red mushroom-like creatures with umbrella-shaped caps and multiple twisting tendrils stand in the middle of the hallway. A torch on the left wall provides warm light and amber flames. The floor is made of large rectangular stone tiles. On the right, a user interface overlays the scene with character portraits, health bars, and inventory slots, suggesting a fantasy video game. The passage extends into darkness at the far end, with a faint greenish mist or smoke near the back. No real people are present; the scene features two hostile fungi-like monsters and a game HUD.",
+"height": 576,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/14aac8a15633edd6.jpg",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "14aac8a15633edd6",
+"sha256": "14aac8a15633edd6a3474c9a1ebfa5858e91d5312f84f478e8d3d7e4434e0d29",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/194832406c2a6eae.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/194832406c2a6eae.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e85207cbafbd1a7816aade07232aa5461899f3bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/194832406c2a6eae.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 229,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001556,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1280,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A retro computer game start screen with a black background. At the top is stylized blue text reading 'Hamon’s Razor' (or similar). In the middle, small colorful pixel icons line up with green text instructions describing ship features and actions: purple icon, white icon, green icons, red icon, and a small gray fuel icon. Each line of text explains gameplay elements such as cargo capacity, rescuing passengers, enemies, laser cannon, fuel tanks, hyper power, and space station. Below these, purple text provides control instructions: 'Control using joystick or keyboard', 'Arrow keys - Ship movements', 'Space - Fire', 'CTRL - Bomb'. Further down, red text lists game title 'Hanlon’s Razor' and copyright notice '(C) Copyright Binary Spells 1998' with a URL. At the bottom, white text prompts: 'PRESS FIRE TO START OR PRESS ESC TO EXIT'. Overall, the scene resembles a vintage DOS-era title screen with pixel art and neon green/purple/red typography.",
+"height": 819,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/194832406c2a6eae.jpg",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "194832406c2a6eae",
+"sha256": "194832406c2a6eaef4f7b182344d52a5a9ca70dfbcec16aa6c15abf50a7cdb6e",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/19dc7b2da3d7b9a4.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/19dc7b2da3d7b9a4.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..50fe7d944eaef99fcf4bd56a21a2d51b50bf402d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/19dc7b2da3d7b9a4.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 199,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001244,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 896,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A pixel art scene set against an orange sunset sky. On the left, a small figure with dark hair stands on a wooden or rocky platform, next to a crate or box and some tall grass or vines. In the center-right, a large vehicle or tank camouflaged with dense green vines and plants has multiple cannon barrels protruding from the front and side, with red-tipped multi-barrel faces. The vehicle appears overgrown, as if taken by nature. Behind and around it are silhouettes of palm trees and distant foliage. The ground is a dark, rocky terrain with a jagged edge and some small vines or roots hanging down. There is minimal legible text in the scene; no readable inscriptions are visible. Overall, the image conveys a post-apocalyptic or jungle-wreck setting with a bungled, nature-claimed military machine and a lone figure observing nearby.",
+"height": 576,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/19dc7b2da3d7b9a4.jpg",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "19dc7b2da3d7b9a4",
+"sha256": "19dc7b2da3d7b9a4fc4749fbee83534be31170a3e6758b15b9c76ed56fca3623",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/1cdee01c2f03d7e0.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/1cdee01c2f03d7e0.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7c5d4e772c33c664cae754c78907d3e6e4f41cb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/1cdee01c2f03d7e0.json
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 174,
+"cost_usd": 0.000148,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1568,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A 4x4 grid of pixel art sprites of a character wearing a blue outfit and gray hair. Rows 1–2 show the front-facing view: the character has light skin, bright blue eyes or goggles, and a blue garment with a darker blue jacket. The head has gray hair with a center part and dark glasses or eyes. The character is holding or gesturing with hands near the chest. Row 3 shows a side/profile view: the character’s face in profile with cyan/blue eye, gray hair, and the blue coat extending behind. Row 4 repeats a head/shoulder silhouette from the back or side with the gray hair and blue garment. Each tile has a consistent black background. Legible text is not present.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/1cdee01c2f03d7e0.png",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "1cdee01c2f03d7e0",
+"sha256": "1cdee01c2f03d7e0a21c2b142f4a4127e7e8035e3c546d44dfab1ad2e99f71a7",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/1ef6f802e8fa4fbb.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/1ef6f802e8fa4fbb.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ccf309d0c45c3f46c584dd6f802e4fccc97306f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/1ef6f802e8fa4fbb.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 160,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001232,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1184,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A stylized scene with a lighthouse in the background on a green hillside. In the foreground, a muscular humanoid figure with a beard is holding a wooden hammer-like tool and swinging it toward a large rock. The rock is supported by a wooden beam and appears to be part of a ruined or makeshift structure with a green-and-white striped awning on a nearby block. There are bare, spindly branches or wires wrapped around the beam and rock. A small pot or cauldron is attached to the end of the figure’s arm, dangling as if swung by a chain. The overall setting is outdoors on a rocky, uneven terrain with a misty or cloudy sky.",
+"height": 768,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/1ef6f802e8fa4fbb.jpg",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "1ef6f802e8fa4fbb",
+"sha256": "1ef6f802e8fa4fbb3c750b4c60ecca7d4d6f776e792af3ad54d53f9c98f85103",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/22953c3e1f0e3ed0.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/22953c3e1f0e3ed0.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1dca74d8b09a3b4c0fe026409148193a6905df29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/22953c3e1f0e3ed0.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 251,
+"cost_usd": 0.00015,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 992,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "The image shows a card game layout (likely a solitaire or similar). There are multiple rows and columns of playing cards arranged in piles. Some cards are face up showing suits and ranks (e.g., Queen of clubs, Ace, King, etc.), while many stacks have face-down backs with a dark teal color and a card-back design. In addition to the cards, there are interface elements on the right side: a green background with vertical toolbar featuring three icons (a circular arrow/refresh, an information icon, and a blue card back image), and a yellowish-green download button with a downward arrow and another green download-like button at the bottom. Some cards display visible numbers and suits (e.g., Queens, Tens, Aces, Eights with diamonds, spades, hearts, or clubs). The central area shows alternating face-up and face-down cards arranged in a grid-like pattern, with several Ace-looking back cards. There is some legible text on the left edge reading a vertical watermark-like string. Overall, the scene depicts a digital card game UI with both visible card faces and hidden back cards, plus side controls.",
+"height": 640,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/22953c3e1f0e3ed0.jpg",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "22953c3e1f0e3ed0",
+"sha256": "22953c3e1f0e3ed0ad134c51d1c49d3b1cb1a2b4b6194a9880b614876da611c7",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/22d146e1c2e27660.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/22d146e1c2e27660.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0b71e8261472ede4aa27e22ccc9c7dfee79e35ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/22d146e1c2e27660.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 266,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001704,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1280,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A chaotic desert village scene from a fantasy strategy game. In the foreground, a row of white-winged, blue-armored griffin-like flying units or riders with red crests move diagonally from bottom center toward the right. To the right, a large armored red creature or machine mounts a siege-like construct with blades and spikes; several other similar war machines are scattered near a rocky cliff. In the center, a cobblestone road leads toward a grey stone gatehouse or fortress ruin with arches, flanked by palm trees and small tents. Numerous characters populate the scene: soldiers, villagers, and fantasy beings walking, standing, or fighting. A group of white, polka-dotted quadruped animals (possibly fantasy goats or sheep) stands to the right of the gate near a small wooden cart or stall. Various siege weapons and structures, including catapults or wagons, dots the area. At the top edge, small humanoid figures and more structures recede into the distance. Several lines of legible text or numeric HUD elements appear along the top border, indicating in-game coordinates or resources. The overall color palette is warm desert tones with browns, beiges, and orange rocks.",
+"height": 819,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/22d146e1c2e27660.jpg",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "22d146e1c2e27660",
+"sha256": "22d146e1c2e2766066a88ffc0d69e7b09ecf60bb9e97f47d5da2e829a55454fa",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/2921da1ef3b0e43b.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/2921da1ef3b0e43b.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ac06bbc9d104cba93491bd180a8034294020b812
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/2921da1ef3b0e43b.json
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 219,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001564,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1376,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A pixel art scene with multiple horizontal layers. Top row shows a stone wall with weathered grey bricks, a wooden signpost on the left, and two tall dark vertical shapes resembling pipes or chimneys behind a low stone wall. Grass and dirt layers extend below the wall, with green blades of grass along the edge. The next section displays a large tilled brown soil field with a repeating pattern, bordered by more grass at the top. Along the bottom there are four tall wooden posts or columns with rounded tops, and beneath them a row of blue-trosted blocks or platforms (ice or glass-like) at the very bottom. On the right side, there is a vertical column of small brown items: a small green-accented item near the top, followed by a small brown item, then a pair of brown items, and finally a light blue square at the bottom. The far right area is largely white empty space, suggesting a cutaway or sprite sheet layout.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/2921da1ef3b0e43b.png",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "2921da1ef3b0e43b",
+"sha256": "2921da1ef3b0e43b2c887829d5c178594e3c391fdb6a89aa80ddb7a29fbaf695",
+"width": 896
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/2cfa9a11c37ed653.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/2cfa9a11c37ed653.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..82a29aff8f53c6b5acbab548030b54f3d4011d3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/2cfa9a11c37ed653.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 126,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001096,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1184,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A street scene featuring a large tree with green leaves in front of a light-colored residential building. Numerous colorful wooden shapes, mostly L-shaped or Z-shaped blocks in red, blue, green, and yellow, hang from wires and branches, creating a whimsical mobile display. The building has multiple windows with shutters, balconies, and decorative railings. Some blocks appear to be attached to wires that run horizontally across the scene. A few leaves and branches obscure parts of the façade, and the overall mood is playful and artistic.",
+"height": 768,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/2cfa9a11c37ed653.jpg",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "2cfa9a11c37ed653",
+"sha256": "2cfa9a11c37ed653fa13192078e71810c8b1326f09804b87ed405dbdf39b4118",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/2ee239608669f86f.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/2ee239608669f86f.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2a4575a2dfae87a46c77b7e644435d29a973a4ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/2ee239608669f86f.json
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 187,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001532,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1568,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A 2D game-style scene. At the top, a bright green grassy border with rounded clumps along the edge. Below is a large brown tiled ground or dirt area with circular patterns. On the right, there is a wooden structure made of stacked logs and planks with a series of conical spikes on top. A small white square panel with a red medical cross sits on the side of the wooden structure, next to a brown, X-shaped wooden door or sign. Gray stone blocks form a small wall or foundation beneath. On the left side, a large black circular silhouette suggests a large pipe or bush shadow, with a small green tuft of grass nearby. In the bottom left corner, there is a stylized green tree-like plant with orange fruit and swirly patterns on a bright green circular background.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/2ee239608669f86f.png",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "2ee239608669f86f",
+"sha256": "2ee239608669f86fabc4f03708b21fd06de17ac01a5727c69fb6ed5515330de7",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/2f388d55a00ab049.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/2f388d55a00ab049.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2ed75e6a53657a64157b94285914426296512ab5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/2f388d55a00ab049.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 173,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001284,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1184,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A retro arcade-style space shooter scene. The background is black with white grid lines forming a horizontal platform across the middle and a wireframe cube grid extending outward. In the upper left and right corners there are white alphanumeric scores (e.g., 35670). A jagged, green crystalline structure or explosion is near the center-top, with a chain or broken shape descending. At the bottom-left, a cluster of yellow-orange projectiles or explosion particles radiate from a small purple/gray object, with white text nearby that reads '100 MS' or similar. Small stars or particles are scattered across the screen. The image is framed by a red border with white inner lines and a stylized 'ucade' logo at the bottom center.",
+"height": 768,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/2f388d55a00ab049.jpg",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "2f388d55a00ab049",
+"sha256": "2f388d55a00ab049da389999524dfa5caa3feb68fe4fa163b2ca9f1f99e4e24a",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/309160417f2a1104.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/309160417f2a1104.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..733e36975c69328a7b6021f961333402f30d3130
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/309160417f2a1104.json
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 69,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001012,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1472,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A large gray upward-pointing arrow centered on a white background. The overall image has a light gray rounded border with a darker gray edge. No people or other objects are visible. The only legible element is the arrow itself.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/309160417f2a1104.png",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "309160417f2a1104",
+"sha256": "309160417f2a11040dee3028e0739bf17dd922c866220c47fa7cc2e756e7efe0",
+"width": 953
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/371b6dbc3175816e.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/371b6dbc3175816e.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f357110a2ed6324f287435f37c759929a45244c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/371b6dbc3175816e.json
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 196,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001472,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1376,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A colorful science-fiction themed sprite sheet. On the left are multiple rows of stylized, geometric rocket and arrow shapes in various colors (green, blue, gray, red, yellow) arranged in ascending sizes and in formations suggesting spacecraft parts or weaponry. At the top are a row of small, multicolored triangular shapes. To the right are several large circular planets and moons: a light blue planet with green landmasses, a dark blue planet with many white specks, a purple striped planet, a yellow striped planet, a pale blue planet with a white ring, and a pinkish-red planet with a cratered surface. There are also small stars scattered around and occasional asteroids or rocks in brown and gray tones. The overall scene resembles components for a space-themed game or illustration kit, with modular ship parts, planetary bodies, and space debris.",
+"height": 896,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/371b6dbc3175816e.png",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "371b6dbc3175816e",
+"sha256": "371b6dbc3175816e7f527cac5e4bfde6444a78ee3ec27c52b60a6936d03addd5",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/3b65bf53d97038df.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/3b65bf53d97038df.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c3bb682b72a603ea2c1d4f63e51a9b5934a7da08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/3b65bf53d97038df.json
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 286,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001808,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1328,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "The image appears to be a large collage of many small sprite tiles arranged in a grid. The top section shows rows of stone and metal textures, with various armor and weapon-like items. Below that, there are wide bands of colored tiles (greens, browns, grays, blues) and rows of smaller blocks that resemble textures or tiles from a game asset pack. The middle portion is dominated by an enormous array of small icons and sprites: humanoid and creature silhouettes, heads, weapons, magical artifacts, and various colorful, stylized characters; many tiles are bright pink with black markings, suggesting a cutout or emphasis area. There are numerous tiny icons of armor, helmets, tools, gems, and fantasy objects scattered throughout, forming dense, decorative rows. The lower half contains architectural textures: stone bricks, arches, fences, and repeating mosaic patterns in gray, red, and teal tones. There are also several larger, more detailed tiles that look like in-game environment pieces (walls, floors, tiles with ornate patterns). Overall, the image is a mosaic of game assets—textures, sprites, and character icons—organized into horizontal bands with a heavy emphasis on pixel art and tile-based design. No easily legible text is discernible, though some small markings or symbols may be present within certain tiles.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/3b65bf53d97038df.png",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "3b65bf53d97038df",
+"sha256": "3b65bf53d97038dff0c19c9d87a08cf8d2724533d016d52e29c5bdbe45d77131",
+"width": 840
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/4463f84d9b0edca9.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/4463f84d9b0edca9.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..375939b7b525514532f250701f33fbc01c3a12eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/4463f84d9b0edca9.json
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 92,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001152,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1568,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "The image is a plain, abstract composition consisting of a central, vertical rectangle or blob in shades of brown and gold. The surrounding area is white. No discernible objects, people, or legible text are visible. The central shape shows a gradient from lighter gold at the top to darker brown toward the bottom, with soft, rounded edges.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/4463f84d9b0edca9.png",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "4463f84d9b0edca9",
+"sha256": "4463f84d9b0edca9cab8e7935409dc7a94b2c787eb79ca631ead22d39c439594",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/47db86fd420159bb.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/47db86fd420159bb.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..348bf7f7b1c5669da7d9bcbc20eb91d68b7d0507
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/47db86fd420159bb.json
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 108,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001216,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1568,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A blue-green planet seen from space, occupying most of the frame against a black background. The planet shows swirling cloud patterns and large landmasses with varied textures in shades of green, beige, and light brown. The oceans are deep blue, with lighter blue and white cloud formations dispersed across the surface. The atmosphere is outlined by a faint blue glow around the edge of the planet. No visible text or people are present.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/47db86fd420159bb.png",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "47db86fd420159bb",
+"sha256": "47db86fd420159bbf71b872e585e5fb595609ccc8f877349d979870ad4a4ce02",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/4a803f87e7dcceab.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/4a803f87e7dcceab.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c604b2e4dd9c7d35e6dfedae60b96c620321aae1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/4a803f87e7dcceab.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 79,
+"cost_usd": 0.00011,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1568,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A large purple gear with 12 teeth forms the outer shape. Inside, a white circular ring sits around a magenta crescent shape, which appears to be a curved crescent or arc. The background is plain white. No people, text, or additional objects are present.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/4a803f87e7dcceab.jpg",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "4a803f87e7dcceab",
+"sha256": "4a803f87e7dcceab7846f125a57d3a322db54dcb4f3e19c363248d6e58c04dd0",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/4f425f49b4b443c8.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/4f425f49b4b443c8.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..54f3eb210d17d547bd0c940bee93183c0f39aa54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/4f425f49b4b443c8.json
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 247,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001484,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 992,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "An isometric city-building game interface. The scene shows a densely packed urban area with many mid-rise and high-rise buildings of various colors and designs, connected by roads and bridges. A river or body of water runs through the left and lower parts of the image, with bridges spanning across it. There are numerous trees and greenery interspersed among the buildings, including forested areas on the outskirts. A large, yellow-orange title at the top reads 'OPEN TT D' (likely 'OPENTTD' partially obscured). In the center is a beige, scrolling menu window with multiple options such as New Game, Load Game, Play Scenario, Play Heightmap, Scenario Editor, Multipayer (misspelled), Game Options, Advanced Settings, AI Settings, Check Online Content, and Quit, arranged in two columns with small thumbnails above some options. A few vessels or boats can be seen on the water, and there is a long railroad or monorail line crossing the river area. Overall, the image depicts a detailed, isometric transport-focused city builder with many interactive UI elements in the middle.",
+"height": 631,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/4f425f49b4b443c8.jpg",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "4f425f49b4b443c8",
+"sha256": "4f425f49b4b443c8a24f7acc293fc411c7d2de9a2f0f8dbc3e42a47faea34ba8",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/5245a1fdc0086e47.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/5245a1fdc0086e47.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7ee2e81f312242f8c7f51dad6dc09518afb41155
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/5245a1fdc0086e47.json
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 104,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001008,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1184,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "The image shows a solid black irregular shape centered on a blue background. The black shape has jagged, blob-like edges with several rounded protrusions and holes, giving it an organic, abstract silhouette. There are no discernible objects, people, or legible text within the black shape or the blue surrounding area. The overall impression is of a single, amorphous black form against a flat blue field.",
+"height": 768,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/5245a1fdc0086e47.png",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "5245a1fdc0086e47",
+"sha256": "5245a1fdc0086e47ada6fda27c6229f52111697a248b654392287b86b93ebd28",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/56a6e4b451b6db5c.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/56a6e4b451b6db5c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e6c0766fe30a674d3407c76784b0dc6448c7515b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/56a6e4b451b6db5c.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 172,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001472,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1568,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A circular, fractal-like landscape with a dark brown, tiled ground. In the center, a gray-bearded figure wielding a staff or sword stands with arms raised. Surrounding the central figure are several large yellow-green segmented worm-like creatures with skull-like heads and small, dark eyes; one on the right side is mid-sized and another larger one near the bottom. Several smaller yellow-green worms with heads appear near the edge of the circle. Scattered around are small red-orange triangular shapes and irregular lighter brown rocky formations. Distant, rounded, layered hills or rocks are visible, especially near the right side and bottom. The overall scene resembles a dungeon or cavern floor with creeping, worm-like monsters and a lone warrior in the middle.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/56a6e4b451b6db5c.jpg",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "56a6e4b451b6db5c",
+"sha256": "56a6e4b451b6db5c13fdffdac4d9a1706826633f159f264cb74a3adb11e945b4",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/57a521786901203c.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/57a521786901203c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..11a6ed8c39c4850c4ba1ea502526aae6d78af59e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/57a521786901203c.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 216,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001312,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 896,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A fantasy strategy game screenshot showing a tropical island map with a wooden bridge over water. Central circular unit panel displays a large eagle unit with stats: Health 200, Armor 30, Attack 5, Speed 22, Level 1 Eagle King Flying unit. Surrounding UI includes a circular mini-map on the left, various colored resource bubbles, and a row of unit icons along the bottom with numeric costs (10, 150, 60, 250, 350). On-screen text lists two objectives on the right: Destroy the dark temples and Defend the nature sanctuary. Control hints are present on the left side: Sell unit, Send units, Fill in wave, Select unit, Back. The scene shows green palm trees, red wooden bridges, and water beneath; there are several flying eagle-like units above the bridge and a few small humanoid figures near the water edges. The overall aesthetic is bright, high fantasy, with ornate UI frames.",
+"height": 576,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/57a521786901203c.jpg",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "57a521786901203c",
+"sha256": "57a521786901203ce93bbda143ad074eb499fbddd243ed0a729db85fc056a192",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/5f4da417779ae972.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/5f4da417779ae972.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..62eb697db57ae33899faed7e2469432cccb66cc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/5f4da417779ae972.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 100,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001184,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1568,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "The image is largely abstract with solid color blocks. A wide brownish-red field occupies most of the upper and lower areas. A thick black horizontal band runs across the center, with a bright blue rectangular stripe crossing the middle of the band. The composition has no discernible objects, people, or legible text; it consists of simple color blocks arranged in a geometric, minimalist layout.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/5f4da417779ae972.png",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "5f4da417779ae972",
+"sha256": "5f4da417779ae9725ec15355a81299163ded050b038c73523b8fab1724fb245c",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/61a33d7203e661aa.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/61a33d7203e661aa.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5b3497423573cb2305a0f05de6fe8b65162ef878
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/61a33d7203e661aa.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 208,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001424,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1184,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A retro computer screen (DOS-like interface) shows a text-based dungeon map created with ASCII characters. Black background with white borders forming several rectangular rooms connected by dotted and hash-mark corridors. Small brown blocks appear at doorways or walls, possibly representing doors. Numerous white hash marks (#) and dots (.) fill corridors, with a few blue or orange symbols indicating items or characters. At the bottom, a status line displays the character name “Kernigh the Tenderfoot” followed by stats like St, Dx, Co, In, Wi, Ch, Chaotic, Dvl, S, HP, Pw, AC, Xp, T. The left side shows more walls and rooms; a blue symbol appears inside one room. A tiny white circular glyph could be a shield or symbol. Overall, it depicts a dungeon exploration scene from a roguelike game with a lone adventurer navigating rooms and connecting corridors.",
+"height": 749,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/61a33d7203e661aa.jpg",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "61a33d7203e661aa",
+"sha256": "61a33d7203e661aaf51ad3629fa028d108a38776c7c8f56c2c067a87b468eeb9",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/62f4264075b3420d.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/62f4264075b3420d.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a6c601313375b95e57f28c7ec26fefe75e80aafd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/62f4264075b3420d.json
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 70,
+"cost_usd": 3.92e-05,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 224,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A row of seven small green cartoon-like mountains or blobs with faces, each preceded by a thin black line as ground. They are evenly spaced across a light purple-gray background. There is no discernible text or people in the image.",
+"height": 128,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/62f4264075b3420d.png",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "62f4264075b3420d",
+"sha256": "62f4264075b3420d926db0b9f169bca223485cfcb0198e9db113389a7bea9e4d",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/652e09fc911ae1d1.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/652e09fc911ae1d1.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f5d3d492e818e010596d36c6eb8e5f8bf097cee0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/652e09fc911ae1d1.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 162,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001096,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 896,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A large creature with a humanoid face and tusks, resembling a woolly mammoth, stands on a circular platform with glowing golden rings. The mammoth has a dark fur body and long curved tusks; a golden headpiece or headdress is draped around its head. Behind it, a dusky orange sky with clouds and a faint sunset glow. In the foreground to the right sits a round, gray stone ball with a small face, giving a playful expression. A few bare trees and distant city buildings with towers are visible in the background. White curved streaks arc through the sky, suggesting motion or magic. The overall scene has an ancient-meets-fantasy atmosphere.",
+"height": 576,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/652e09fc911ae1d1.jpg",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "652e09fc911ae1d1",
+"sha256": "652e09fc911ae1d133a6363cda8dc6de028848ba6ebcb7f54d3ca8167f26de1d",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/69a7eb9e6c265061.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/69a7eb9e6c265061.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bb17df40650409e845708bfb3dbd74844a8c7815
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/69a7eb9e6c265061.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 238,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001544,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1184,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A hilly landscape with a small medieval-style settlement. In the foreground, there are several stone and brick buildings with red-tiled roofs, including a larger multi-story stone fortress on the right and a couple of smaller houses around. A circular structure with a tiled roof and blue-and-white striped market tents surrounds a central courtyard, likely a plaza or gathering area. To the left, a group of small blue-clad figures (soldiers or villagers) stand in formation near a couple of statues or monuments and a rectangular building with a red roof. A winding blue path or road traverses the hillside, leading toward the ruins and fields in the distance. Trees are scattered across the terrain, with a denser cluster on the left hillside and a few near the town. The background reveals grassy slopes, rocky outcrops, and a black void suggesting missing scenery or the image edge. There are circular blue markers along the hillside, possibly indicating points of interest or terrain features. No people are clearly identifiable beyond the marching figures; there is no legible text visible in the scene. ",
+"height": 768,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/69a7eb9e6c265061.jpg",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "69a7eb9e6c265061",
+"sha256": "69a7eb9e6c265061e48e362eaee303e3ea10467f8b61ae7a2139b5ad87d1dfc0",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/72c345c32b7d60ae.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/72c345c32b7d60ae.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..150d8c9b81a33f440e05feae1e33be28ebde3778
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/72c345c32b7d60ae.json
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 130,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001304,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1568,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A pixelated gray portable radio or speaker sits against a black background. It has a large circular black speaker on the right side and various small controls on the left, including a rectangular display or speaker grill and a row of small buttons or indicator lights along the top front edge. A handle spans across the top of the device. The overall look is of a vintage or retro radio with a large knob on the right and several dials/knobs near the center-left. No people or legible text is discernible due to pixelation.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/72c345c32b7d60ae.png",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "72c345c32b7d60ae",
+"sha256": "72c345c32b7d60ae98c0bbceeb45c989e3a1cc5aa23ff9b92d795ea784b58bc8",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/732c07b8a4aeeb78.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/732c07b8a4aeeb78.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..005657f180467a02100242b2a8841285b56c182c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/732c07b8a4aeeb78.json
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 110,
+"cost_usd": 5.52e-05,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 224,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "The image shows a tall, narrow vertical strip with a repeating pattern of bright warm colors. The background is black. The pattern consists of blocky, pixel-like shapes in.orange, yellow, and red hues, arranged in a zigzag/spiral-like sequence down the length. There are no discernible objects or people, and no legible text is visible. The overall effect resembles a stylized flame or heat gradient running vertically.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/732c07b8a4aeeb78.png",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "732c07b8a4aeeb78",
+"sha256": "732c07b8a4aeeb782e540c319a27580bf787f931a19185b93fff155b3abb9e2d",
+"width": 128
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/7c2b17b800be6cf7.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/7c2b17b800be6cf7.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..aa5e1d73a7a028a6c0241d6d489a3bd91701e608
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/7c2b17b800be6cf7.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 70,
+"cost_usd": 8.48e-05,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1136,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A black background with bold yellow text in the center reading 'BEAUTY AND THE BEAST'. The letters have a pixelated, slightly glitchy effect with small white gaps within the yellow. No people or other objects are visible.",
+"height": 725,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/7c2b17b800be6cf7.jpg",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "7c2b17b800be6cf7",
+"sha256": "7c2b17b800be6cf791bfa227997da83b838eb7a11ac9d83170f2138d28b38b76",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/7fce7ad63f418057.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/7fce7ad63f418057.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4aee067b69da1910fe7e0a6092014fc5663c5856
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/7fce7ad63f418057.json
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 217,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001652,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1568,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A circular, tiled arena with a variety of geometric shapes and figures. In the center, there is a gray, masked figure gripping a long curved staff or blade, performing a flip. Surrounding it are jagged gray rock formations and a dark brown tiled floor. Several large polygonal shapes—hexagons in green and red outlines—dot the area. To the lower left, a round gray creature with a face and a conical hat-like feature sits next to a gray rectangular block and another gray shape. A ring of irregular stone steps encircles the scene, with multicolored tiles (brown, tan, gray) forming a border. Scattered around are small white outlined figures that resemble miniature climbers or skeletons, some enclosed in circular markers. Near the border, small green circles or orbs and red-outlined hexagons appear. Overall, the image resembles a stylized dungeon or arena with abstract, blocky figures and geometric decorations.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/7fce7ad63f418057.jpg",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "7fce7ad63f418057",
+"sha256": "7fce7ad63f4180574b70c0ff777b65431d6623dca2de0069e7881c193e5c9e05",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/8395cbd9174dae60.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/8395cbd9174dae60.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b5363250858e8578dfa74d9613a856658d6514aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/8395cbd9174dae60.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 160,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001088,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 896,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A snowy, blue-tinted landscape with hills and distant mountains. In the foreground are several stylized buildings: a windmill with four blades on a raised platform, a small white house with a red roof on the right, and another small building with a red roof near the center-left. A wooden fence or ramp sits on the mid-right slope. Sparse evergreen trees dot the scene, and a lone rounded tree is near the center. Snow is gently falling, with small diamond-shaped particles scattered throughout the sky. The sun is visible in the upper-left, casting a soft glow across the scene. Overall, it is a peaceful winter village scene with a minimalistic, geometric art style.",
+"height": 576,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/8395cbd9174dae60.jpg",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "8395cbd9174dae60",
+"sha256": "8395cbd9174dae60a50f712879a3e00e7adba918e7e8e1654bdb29ba7b481f1d",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/85caac996daf64bb.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/85caac996daf64bb.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..db534bdb2bb04a5bbc163747065d65269192e9e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/85caac996daf64bb.json
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 271,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001436,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 704,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A grid-like sprite sheet on a gray background. On the left, there is a large pixel art hut or house with triangular roof and windows. Below it, a vertical stack of wooden planks or crates sits next to a light brown humanoid figure raising a hand. In the center and right sections, there are multiple pixel art character sprites arranged in rows. The characters appear to be small humans wearing white robes or armor, with many poses: standing facing forward, side profile, and various arm positions. To the right, there is a column of a single character wearing a red headband or cap and carrying a staff or spear, shown in multiple front, side, and back views. Further right, there are side-facing shots of a brown animal-like creature (possibly a bear or monkey) with highlights in red, shown in different poses. Next to them, there are round orange or yellow flame-like or orb-like elements, likely depicting a fireball or glow, shown from different angles. Overall, this looks like a sprite sheet with characters, a hut/background element, and collectible items or projectiles. Some text is not legible; the image is composed of pixel art tiles with clear outlines and limited color palette. ",
+"height": 444,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/85caac996daf64bb.png",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "85caac996daf64bb",
+"sha256": "85caac996daf64bb4b6c21edb6e6279c058ec36f96011446649d277d431e2a88",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/8847cf90eafaafe9.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/8847cf90eafaafe9.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cca3f9fcdb8d7f6e824a5c8771440493c230f5ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/8847cf90eafaafe9.json
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 134,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001008,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 944,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "Inside a futuristic industrial facility with warm orange lighting. A person wearing a helmet and armor stands on a grated metal floor, facing away from the camera. The character appears to be holding two large jet-like boots or thrusters. In the background, a large mechanical structure with a central column and circular platform dominates the scene. Thick metal beams, girders, and vent-like panels line the walls and ceiling, with illuminated orange accents. There are additional metallic pipes and machinery, giving a sci-fi factory or space station vibe. No legible text is visible.",
+"height": 582,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/8847cf90eafaafe9.jpg",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "8847cf90eafaafe9",
+"sha256": "8847cf90eafaafe95c6ef76596fe32ebf564a03dc2973af6cd7e729d31a02b23",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/8a8a09b4d3bdcc57.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/8a8a09b4d3bdcc57.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..45654804d32181b7d80349e3d91ec05359c82232
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/8a8a09b4d3bdcc57.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 169,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001196,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1040,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A pixel-art scene showing a vertical platformer layout. At the top are large brown, brick-like rock platforms with green grassy edges, forming stacked ledges and a small archway corridor. A blue background fills the spaces between platforms. In the middle, a wooden rope and plank bridge curves downward, suspended by ropes and posts, with a small horizontal platform to the right. To the left of the bridge is a small ladder descending into blue water with bubbles. Far below, there are cartoon trees (a large leafy tree, a couple of smaller shrubs), a flower and a red mushroom near the ground, and fluffy white clouds at the bottom. Overall there are no people visible, only environmental elements typical of a retro platformer game.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/8a8a09b4d3bdcc57.png",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "8a8a09b4d3bdcc57",
+"sha256": "8a8a09b4d3bdcc57fd55ce9ed322d2da28329daf2ebce9495061021725a1de05",
+"width": 647
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/8b82ddf6877167ac.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/8b82ddf6877167ac.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..71942332d33b5e1c6751feb084cacebc1cd5c988
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/8b82ddf6877167ac.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 704,
+"cost_usd": 0.0003952,
+"live_calls": 2,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 2272,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A sequence of cartoon stick-figure-like characters wearing white tank tops and green shorts demonstrates various actions related to a fighting or running routine. The top row shows a long line of the character walking, each frame slightly shifting his step. The middle row includes several action labels: a running jump, a standing idle pose, and a long leg kick labeled jump kick. The bottom rows show additional sequences: two characters performing a two-hand punch motion labeled punch1, then a row of three frames labeled punch2 with alternating positions. Throughout, there are visible labels near each action (walk, jump, falling, jumpkick, idle, punch1, punch2) in small white text with a black outline. No other people or objects are present besides the repeated character and the action labels. The background is black, and the characters are consistently drawn with blonde hair, white shirts, green shorts, and brown shoes.",
+"height": 725,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/8b82ddf6877167ac.png",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "8b82ddf6877167ac",
+"sha256": "8b82ddf6877167ac601dbad17ab213f8416a8accadf077c12aeddac252d8bce8",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/8c59e56cd51dc622.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/8c59e56cd51dc622.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..09acf9ea77433b473d1ee5c0bdd3ae582083e47a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/8c59e56cd51dc622.json
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 220,
+"cost_usd": 0.000116,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 560,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A wide image composed of three distinct sections. On the left, a grid of many small 3D hexagonal prisms arranged in rows, each prism showing a variety of bold colors (greens, blues, yellows, pinks, purples) with shading that creates a 3D cube-like appearance; some prisms appear on a black background forming a zigzag pattern. In the center, a vertical band of dense, pixelated color swatches blending through a broad spectrum, featuring many small squares in vibrant colors (greens, blues, pinks, yellows) with a slight gradient and some darker vertical strips. On the right, a very dense grid of tiny colored squares forming checker-like patterns across multiple hues, creating a mosaic of small, repeating color blocks, producing a gradient-like overall effect from warm to cool tones. There are no people or legible text visible in the image. Overall, the image emphasizes color palettes, color chips, and geometric tiling.",
+"height": 341,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/8c59e56cd51dc622.png",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "8c59e56cd51dc622",
+"sha256": "8c59e56cd51dc6224e459311b27c5782065150611cfd488606a0f12a48e5e180",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/8c957a17ec4f749a.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/8c957a17ec4f749a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cbd0f8818e5b2afd44e94b23db9c24c255c65949
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/8c957a17ec4f749a.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 176,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001296,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1184,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A blue background filled with rows of small pixel-art spacecraft and units arranged in groups. Top and middle sections show numerous orange/gold-colored ships and mechs, white/blue machines, and various fighter shapes. There are also green/yellow enemy craft and some red/blue accents scattered throughout. In the lower portion, larger, more detailed ships appear in metallic silver, white, and blue, including several fighter-bombers and a central, taller carrier-like craft. Throughout, many small pixel clusters resemble spaceship sprites, arranged in lines as if part of a catalog or sprite sheet. Legible text is not apparent; most elements are decorative sprite sprites without readable characters. The overall scene resembles a retro-style sprite sheet or roster of ships from a classic space shooter game. ",
+"height": 768,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/8c957a17ec4f749a.png",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "8c957a17ec4f749a",
+"sha256": "8c957a17ec4f749aaee05df2f469800d3d68974401f086a14d9eea4783463f23",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/8e63e55c0408ff33.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/8e63e55c0408ff33.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b872cd4ddb7a008e582bfe5ccfc41f52d9ba99ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/8e63e55c0408ff33.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 107,
+"cost_usd": 6.12e-05,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 368,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A sequence of eight cartoon-style side-profile illustrations of a woman walking from left to right. She has long red hair, light skin, and wears a light purple long-sleeve top with a darker purple sleeves on the arms, dark green pants, and brown shoes. In each frame she is in a different phase of a walking cycle, with arms and legs in varying positions to indicate motion. The background is transparent.",
+"height": 214,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/8e63e55c0408ff33.png",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "8e63e55c0408ff33",
+"sha256": "8e63e55c0408ff33d8b80a875e392918af25ed3dba1ef40105b84a6d08223d94",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/9052d89b94c97dad.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/9052d89b94c97dad.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9455e0aa96ab1f67b50a5b1f4130d7df8a2b9fef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/9052d89b94c97dad.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 133,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001316,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1568,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A circular, honeycomb-patterned arena with dark teal/green hexagonal tiles outlined in black. In the center, a light gray figure appears to be a person with raised arms, holding two white weapons (swords or batons) overhead. Scattered around near the bottom edge are several small dark figures lying on their backs with yellow eyes visible, suggesting fallen or defeated characters. Near the right side of the circle, a small turquoise triangle sits on a hex tile. The outermost border shows progressively smaller hex patterns fading into the white background.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/9052d89b94c97dad.jpg",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "9052d89b94c97dad",
+"sha256": "9052d89b94c97dad3a11a188bbb3fb856812e9b125c7fd2d835173ddab64d676",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/933ce1f38da269db.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/933ce1f38da269db.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d4383e60d07243180171b2dcd37e8fed1dbf65b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/933ce1f38da269db.json
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 223,
+"cost_usd": 0.000122,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 656,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "The image shows a grid-based sprite sheet on a bright magenta background. Many small pixel-art characters and objects are arranged in rows and columns. Visible elements include: various humanoid sprites (humans, knights, pirates) in different outfits and colors, several green zombie/monster-type characters, animal-like sprites, and skeletons. There are also architectural/structure sprites such as wooden builds, stairs, ladders, and doors, as well as stone/metal blocks and frames. Several trees and bushes are present (a pine tree and a rounded green bush). Mixed in are miscellaneous items: rocks, a few bones or skull-like items, fences or signs, and small orange objects that look like platforms or obstacles. A prominent feature is a large brown multi-block building or structure on the right side with purple-blue roofing or accents. Overall, it looks like a sprite atlas used for a retro 2D game, containing characters, enemies, environment tiles, and decorative props arranged on the sheet.",
+"height": 400,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/933ce1f38da269db.png",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "933ce1f38da269db",
+"sha256": "933ce1f38da269db7ecdbc7e3638579c3b9cbb78fd32e505182be398b733aa2d",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/973583242dde3e88.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/973583242dde3e88.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b8269b502d0f65a09a675a936167468b47951498
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/973583242dde3e88.json
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 141,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001348,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1568,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A pixelated humanoid character stands against a black background. The figure has blue skin and pointed ears, a short dark blue hairstyle, and a stern facial expression. It wears a green and orange armored suit with white accents, including shoulder pads, gauntlets, and knee guards. Both arms are raised: the left arm is bent with a clenched green-glowing fist, the right arm is extended outward with an open hand. The suit features various geometric patterns and metallic components, giving a robotic or cybernetic appearance. The feet are clad in white and gray boots with green details.",
+"height": 1020,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/973583242dde3e88.png",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "973583242dde3e88",
+"sha256": "973583242dde3e888fd99b661ee3046029f551e484d3a0cf72610c38bd97c814",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/9d52ebbd7149f70e.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/9d52ebbd7149f70e.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9125794ab21c80aba1b39ab9d4e560d6ecf33d55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/9d52ebbd7149f70e.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 191,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001428,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1328,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "The image shows a bright magenta background with a grid of pixel-art icons and symbols. There are numerous small, blocky drawings including: a variety of scissors, books or folders, floppy disks, sheets of paper, question marks, arrows in different colors (red, green), a blue cube-like object, and several small yellow/brown rounded shapes resembling cookies or buns. Some icons appear as letters or symbols (such as ‘i’, ‘j’, and ‘1’). There are many repeated motifs across the grid: paper sheets, gears or grinders, and curls or brackets in red or green. Overall, the scene resembles a collage or sprite sheet of computing or office-themed icons rather than a cohesive scene with people or animals. Most elements are simple, pixelated, and arranged in rows with high contrast against the magenta background.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/9d52ebbd7149f70e.png",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "9d52ebbd7149f70e",
+"sha256": "9d52ebbd7149f70e617080a1d46f9796f9f62eff2dcae7c1ce526ab1904ddf0a",
+"width": 853
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/9ecf6d5d86dd4b74.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/9ecf6d5d86dd4b74.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4db0336b258c6a04069077432bb4c7391fb0a4c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/9ecf6d5d86dd4b74.json
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 212,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001344,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 992,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "The image is a pixel-art collage of rocky cave and sea-themed tiles. In the top portion, there are stacked stone structures or statues facing forward, with a row of rectangular blocks and carved faces. To the left, a large dark cave opening sits against brown rock walls, and a circular light or beacon is near the bottom-left edge. In the center, a rough stone wall with uneven blocks and a doorway-like gap sits above a wavy blue water area. The bottom-left quadrant features a bright orange lava or molten area with jagged edges and a smaller, diamond-shaped pool of lava or heat. To the right of the lava, there are multiple small blue waves indicating water, and a brown rocky island with a blue-tinted rim, plus several smaller rocks in a row. The overall scene combines cavern interiors with volcanic and aquatic elements, using a limited earthy brown palette and vivid blue for water components. No legible text is visible.",
+"height": 640,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/9ecf6d5d86dd4b74.png",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "9ecf6d5d86dd4b74",
+"sha256": "9ecf6d5d86dd4b7493c9a3b1542b8e3f49ed8b625ce6b9861938b0f5349d7977",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/9fa3fe29f46ada2c.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/9fa3fe29f46ada2c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..55bbb037192e7c6d3691e655a13839fd39d648ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/9fa3fe29f46ada2c.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 196,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001304,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1040,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A vertical, neon-colored arcade-style scene on a dark purple background. Several abstract geometric fish-like shapes in bright colors (teals, purples, pinks, oranges) swim horizontal across the screen. A central dashed white line runs vertically from near the top to a red vertical hexagonal beacon near the bottom, which appears connected to a large, multicolored creature or cluster of shapes around it. The environment is bordered by jagged, crystalline rock formations along the left and right edges, with various small, red-and-orange or blue-and-white creatures or projectiles scattered around. Some legible shapes resemble small robotic or insect-like figures with square bodies and dangling legs, while a few objects resemble small rockets or bullets. Overall, it resembles a stylized, abstract shooter or rhythm game with bright, angular art and no clearly identifiable real-world objects or people.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/9fa3fe29f46ada2c.jpg",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "9fa3fe29f46ada2c",
+"sha256": "9fa3fe29f46ada2cfd96558ead42bb8e975f13e168cbedc485b23290749a61d0",
+"width": 648
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/a14e4f9273673d8b.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/a14e4f9273673d8b.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ce02b11cd59715f7a502858671d566deec28a1b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/a14e4f9273673d8b.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 107,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001188,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1520,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A red base with multiple vertical orange poles of varying heights extending upward. The base is populated with small spherical pieces in two colors: dark brown and off-white, arranged in pairs at the ends of some poles and scattered across the board. The background is a solid light blue. No people or text are visible. The scene resembles a game or abstract sculpture with a grid-like arrangement of spheres on a raised board.",
+"height": 968,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/a14e4f9273673d8b.jpg",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "a14e4f9273673d8b",
+"sha256": "a14e4f9273673d8bb616b415cb26a18dfe45fa44d49d1ec1007fa233f2301921",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/a6c470b31cfe91f7.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/a6c470b31cfe91f7.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b946ffc2178dbb30e2a36b3bd08a72b578cc41e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/a6c470b31cfe91f7.json
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 158,
+"cost_usd": 0.000108,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 896,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A digital artwork composed of repeating square mosaic blocks with a retro, pixelated texture. The lower portion features warm tones—yellows, golds, and browns—arranged in stepped, pyramid-like patterns, giving a terraced effect. The upper portion transitions to cooler tones—greens, teals, and blues—with similar stepped arrangements. A deep blue horizontal stripe spans the top area, acting like a sky or background. Several layered squares contain circular inner designs that resemble gears or targets, creating a nested, embossed look. Overall, the image has a symmetrical, fractal-like composition with alternating color bands and a sense of depth due to shading and dot texture.",
+"height": 576,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/a6c470b31cfe91f7.png",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "a6c470b31cfe91f7",
+"sha256": "a6c470b31cfe91f70d3e93eda161cfffdef4ea5adb730abb1f14209c84fa7e77",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/a77055d6e2dfb851.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/a77055d6e2dfb851.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d500f196b335d13ddaa9da264224090a9dc0908c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/a77055d6e2dfb851.json
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 55,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001004,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1568,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "The image appears to be completely white with no discernible objects, people, actions, or legible text. It is a blank or overexposed frame.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/a77055d6e2dfb851.png",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "a77055d6e2dfb851",
+"sha256": "a77055d6e2dfb85177b6421a163883426663edd512d8ff9f0e9d12856238430c",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/a96210cdd6678ded.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/a96210cdd6678ded.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7536f260218cc3209b3b7695adfb4774a0a319b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/a96210cdd6678ded.json
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 161,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001356,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1424,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "An old CRT computer monitor on a stand displays a chess game on the left side of the screen and a column of text/numbers on the right. The chessboard shows pieces arranged mid-game with light green/teal coloring. Below the screen, there’s a label and branding. In front of the monitor sits an open spiral notebook or manual with printed text and diagrams, resting on a beige desk. A keyboard is partially visible at the bottom left, with keycaps in cream and dark colors. A coiled cable runs from the left side of the monitor. The scene appears to be in an office or classroom setting with a dark background and a hint of blue and brown surfaces nearby.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/a96210cdd6678ded.jpg",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "a96210cdd6678ded",
+"sha256": "a96210cdd6678ded91d3e43c33a83c78a000244853b110f803a8e4aa9c3cb409",
+"width": 907
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/b3d5031982da3796.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/b3d5031982da3796.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6f3ae8a998bd033acfc0c3f19df507444916ada7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/b3d5031982da3796.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 155,
+"cost_usd": 9.96e-05,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 752,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "The image shows a black background with a pixelated, maze-like map formed by dotted white lines and solid white borders. Several rectangular boxes with dotted inner lines are scattered around, connected by light gray dotted pathways that resemble tunnels. Red squares mark certain points at the edges or corners of some boxes, possibly entrances or markers. There are also small colored elements inside one box (blue, white, and yellow dots) suggesting items or markers. One area on the left contains a vertical blue label or symbol resembling text, and there are arrows or greater-than symbols inside some boxes. Overall, it resembles a stylized dungeon or map diagram with labeled rooms and connecting corridors.",
+"height": 469,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/b3d5031982da3796.jpg",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "b3d5031982da3796",
+"sha256": "b3d5031982da3796f1365a6fb108f728d33c620dd84c6a7aa4f3266156d2e1bd",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/b452a20dc5983027.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/b452a20dc5983027.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..476b7cde591dbb3747410fdbd9aa1b3b6c109d63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/b452a20dc5983027.json
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 95,
+"cost_usd": 9.72e-05,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1184,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A light gray background with pixelated black text arranged in three lines. The text reads: “THE GUEST FOR THE GOLDEN EGG” on the first line, “YOUR LOCATION IS (50,50)” on the second, and “EGG NOT FOUND” on the third. There are no other objects or people visible in the image.",
+"height": 768,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/b452a20dc5983027.jpg",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "b452a20dc5983027",
+"sha256": "b452a20dc59830273394c385075cd135637876955b2e568fb53e4174535cb986",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/b5bf01b46a1c8800.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/b5bf01b46a1c8800.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c5700f14ef20f3d82b3da89dd6a91634f731e13d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/b5bf01b46a1c8800.json
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 134,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001152,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1232,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A pastel pink interior wall featuring two large rectangular windows with blue horizontal blinds. The blinds are partially open, revealing white window panes. The windows are framed in light blue metallic trim and sit on a pale pink wall. The floor has a checkerboard pattern in lavender and light pink, and there is a dark blue baseboard along the bottom edge. A blue horizontal ledge or molding runs along the top of the wall, with a thin darker line above it. Overall, the scene resembles a retro-ish, softly lit room with cool-toned window treatments.",
+"height": 782,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/b5bf01b46a1c8800.png",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "b5bf01b46a1c8800",
+"sha256": "b5bf01b46a1c880098197b6b3d96c9d9881f96e766b82ba9ed894f51e5d397c9",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/b6bbb43c0dafb612.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/b6bbb43c0dafb612.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3c9f21c294f5aba8b774803ba1877bba1ab72a63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/b6bbb43c0dafb612.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 208,
+"cost_usd": 0.000128,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 896,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A card game layout on a purple-blue abstract background. At the top row are eight face-down cards with black borders; the first four show large letter A on each, and the next two face-up show the 3 of hearts and 4 of hearts; the last two are face-down. The middle row contains a long row of many single playing cards laid out horizontally, each card showing various suits and numbers (e.g., 2 of hearts, 4 of clubs, 8 of diamonds, 3 of clubs, Ace of diamonds, 7 of spades, etc.), arranged end to end. Some cards are rotated slightly or placed at different angles, with a mix of red and black suits. In the bottom right corner there is small text and a logo: “Seahaven Towers” by TESSE TMOBILE (or similar). No people are visible, only playing cards and the game interface elements.",
+"height": 576,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/b6bbb43c0dafb612.jpg",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "b6bbb43c0dafb612",
+"sha256": "b6bbb43c0dafb6124c20cbd10c0831fef683511b357cd64b58a1c9d9b54e0fc3",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/b6ef59c9fd94de5c.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/b6ef59c9fd94de5c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0c11519e96785a328be616e86e0fab124f54add8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/b6ef59c9fd94de5c.json
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 124,
+"cost_usd": 8.96e-05,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 800,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "The image shows a simple abstract pattern with a black background and four symmetric color blocks along the edges forming a square frame. Each edge has a vertical stripe arrangement: top edge has a dark green block in the corners, left edge has a dark green block near the top and bottom, right edge mirrors that, and bottom edge has a dark green block at the corners. Inside the frame, there is a large empty black central area. There are no people, objects, or legible text visible within the image.",
+"height": 512,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/b6ef59c9fd94de5c.png",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "b6ef59c9fd94de5c",
+"sha256": "b6ef59c9fd94de5cb7297e8e69a8c2019b65c590b7a667eed3848e0ca67334e3",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/c18f9498a8acaf47.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/c18f9498a8acaf47.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2823a93dad219468d0168a5e7c60265426b8714c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/c18f9498a8acaf47.json
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 237,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001492,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1088,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A large square grid board mounted on a wooden wall. The board has many small dark squares arranged in rows and columns. Some squares are lit with colored LEDs: red, blue, purple, white, and yellow. The lit pattern forms shapes and a few digits: near the top left area, red LED segments outline a shape that resembles a '2' or '7', and toward the bottom, a horizontal band of red and blue lights with scattered yellow and purple clusters. There are multiple illuminated blocks along the bottom row forming a horizontal row of red and blue lights with a few lighter colors interspersed. A power/connection area is visible at the bottom edge with small cables or connectors. The background consists of vertical wooden planks surrounding the LED grid. There are two small light switches or buttons mounted on the wooden wall to the left side of the grid. The overall scene appears to be an electronic puzzle or game device with illuminated pixel-like blocks. Some legible text is not present on the board itself; no readable text is visible other than the color patterns.",
+"height": 683,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/c18f9498a8acaf47.jpg",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "c18f9498a8acaf47",
+"sha256": "c18f9498a8acaf47b11fafe910d60c3964392a74ebb77f3ca2e13368aa1eda53",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/c853b41447ce009d.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/c853b41447ce009d.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1e42595217c61edc4181e491b6a03827d4c40201
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/c853b41447ce009d.json
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 140,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001344,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1568,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A small pixel-art scene in a platformer style. In the foreground left, a tiny character stands on the edge of a green platform with a decorative diamond pattern. The character appears to be a small humanoid figure with light skin and dark outlines. To the right of the character is a black bench or grate with vertical bars. Behind them are large dark trees with thick trunks and rounded canopies, set against a teal-to-green gradient sky. Lower platforms show variations of green with matching patterns, and there is a taller platform on the right edge. No legible text is visible.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/c853b41447ce009d.jpg",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "c853b41447ce009d",
+"sha256": "c853b41447ce009d407d1bc10db70e633a5125274c0259ea61f44af97829ce3e",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/c8b186d80c36f14e.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/c8b186d80c36f14e.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4282dd5752fb19d027b087f96ca536cb7754f2b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/c8b186d80c36f14e.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 250,
+"cost_usd": 0.000152,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1040,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A black screen with colorful scattered characters and symbols from an ASCII art style interface. At the top is white text: “robotfindskitten v1.7320508,406” and “This toaster strudel is riddled with bullet holes!” A dashed white line spans across below. Various colored characters (letters, numbers, symbols) are dispersed across the black background: yellow “T” near the top left, red “g” and “9” higher, blue “G” and “$” below, a green “I” and teal “+” on the right, magenta “#5” and “2” near the center, purple “i” and “6” toward the right, red “$” and “6” lower left, orange “d” on the far left, and many other scattered characters (“?”, “<”, “]”, “(”, “>”, etc.). The scene resembles a minimalist retro game or puzzle with no clear person or object other than the text and floating symbols. There is no legible real-world text aside from the header lines at the top. ”}",
+"height": 669,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/c8b186d80c36f14e.jpg",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "c8b186d80c36f14e",
+"sha256": "c8b186d80c36f14ed39c4a2a040d671cf8fdf924724766ea10dd6694893148aa",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/cc97fb2341a9b7a5.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/cc97fb2341a9b7a5.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e6d7d6672f500d84060f2f157f5feec7c94ab178
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/cc97fb2341a9b7a5.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 189,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001204,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 896,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A pixel art action game scene inside a dark, tile-based corridor or arena. A character on the left side fires a bright green beam toward the right, impacting a pile of enemies and explosions near the center-right. Debris, blood spatter, and smoke cloud around the impact area. Various small objects and projectiles scatter across the floor. At the top-left, a user interface shows a red health bar, small icons, and numbers: 11 and 135. In the top-right, tiny character portraits or icons are visible. The background consists of teal-green tiled walls and platforms with some glowing accents. A large, dark circular shape frames the left edge, suggesting a cavern or boss area. Overall, intense combat with melee/ranged projectiles and multiple defeated foes, in a retro 16-bit style.",
+"height": 576,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/cc97fb2341a9b7a5.jpg",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "cc97fb2341a9b7a5",
+"sha256": "cc97fb2341a9b7a52baef496c52f294d4ed5ce1c461f131b7099d57fc4a01079",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/d019abdf196c8f21.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/d019abdf196c8f21.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0903337b78bef07ac6073092b82994ff7ca113a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/d019abdf196c8f21.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 188,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001224,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 944,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "The image shows a dense grid of small, pixel-art characters, arranged in many vertical columns and rows, set against a bright magenta background. Each character is a cartoon figure facing either left or right, with a simple rounded head, body, and limbs. There are multiple color variations across rows: white outfits, then various brown, blue, purple, red, and gray tones. Some rows feature armored or cloaked designs, while others wear simple robes or costumes. Along the right edge, there are several small vertical tool icons (swords, axes, and other items) and a few tiny sprite figures near the right margin. The sprites appear identical in layout but vary in color and small accessories. Overall, it looks like a sprite sheet or character roster grid, with no legible text present within the visible image.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/d019abdf196c8f21.png",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "d019abdf196c8f21",
+"sha256": "d019abdf196c8f21c98d420322c6b6de40899c73dc4c74d7a298358d5b4ceafc",
+"width": 585
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/d2e93f5905dd0eda.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/d2e93f5905dd0eda.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d52d37da030d07e539f522408c3b530b3c343bae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/d2e93f5905dd0eda.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 203,
+"cost_usd": 0.000126,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 896,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A 3D fantasy dungeon scene inside a cavern. In the foreground left, a large armored humanoid creature wearing heavy gauntlets, shoulder plates, and a helmet with horns stands facing the viewer. To the right, a tall brown mushroom-like stalk with a large pinkish cap is mounted on a wooden pole. In the mid-ground, a small humanoid figure with red pants and a white shirt stands near a wooden bench and a lit lantern on the wall, appearing to gesture or pose. Further back, another character in dark clothing and a hat is walking or running toward the foreground. The background shows a wooden balcony/bridge structure spanning the cavern, with stone walls and a warm yellowish lighting. On the left side, a cage or large crate is visible against the wall. The floor consists of tiled and stone patterns, and overall mood is that of a fantasy adventure or RPG environment.",
+"height": 576,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/d2e93f5905dd0eda.jpg",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "d2e93f5905dd0eda",
+"sha256": "d2e93f5905dd0eda807ffcef621039562d4705d8a1848aef2fe1a8bf5b01624f",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/e37df8c53f927e77.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/e37df8c53f927e77.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..88dd46678b9409843fe81558cc0651292e019cf6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/e37df8c53f927e77.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 243,
+"cost_usd": 0.000142,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 896,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A digital card table layout with a purple-blue background. On the left, a single blue back design card is upright slightly tilted. In the center and right, there are 5 columns of face-up playing cards arranged in a grid, each card showing traditional suit symbols and numbers. Columns appear to be five to six cards tall, with a mix of clubs, diamonds, hearts, and spades. Some visible cards include 8 of clubs, 10 of hearts, 10 of clubs, 9 of hearts, Queen of diamonds, 5 of hearts, 4 of clubs, 6 of clubs, 10 of spades, King of spades, Jack of spades, 2 of hearts, 8 of hearts, 7 of clubs, 9 of clubs, and others. A single outlined empty rectangle is on the far right, possibly a placeholder for a card. There is also a small watermark in the bottom right corner reading “Monte Carlo” by TESSERACTMOBILE. Text on cards is legible where visible, showing standard card faces and suits.",
+"height": 576,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/e37df8c53f927e77.jpg",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "e37df8c53f927e77",
+"sha256": "e37df8c53f927e7796c1340d6532f86e8c6b8065c779bce58fab83401aece6e4",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/e98a4aa4e83e3e3b.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/e98a4aa4e83e3e3b.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a83dc96c23532e175fd62760dfe558ed49ceadc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/e98a4aa4e83e3e3b.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 167,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001452,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1568,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A three-panel image showing distinct visualizations. Left panel: a grayscale vertical medical-like image with a curving structure resembling a stylized fetus or limb inside a tubular form, with bright overexposed points near the bottom and lighter shading along the sides. Center panel: a binary-like scatter map on white background with irregular gray and black blobs scattered across, forming no clear shape. Right panel: a black background densely populated with multicolored small dots (white, red, green, blue, orange) arranged in a spiral or helical pattern, creating a sparkling, particle-like distribution. At bottom, large cropped text reads: 'Bunny Hill - Jasmin Patry' (partial names visible).",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/e98a4aa4e83e3e3b.jpg",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "e98a4aa4e83e3e3b",
+"sha256": "e98a4aa4e83e3e3bb3ca27a3b3008c0a6ab240eb01cc1d0b90bd6e0909c35e91",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/ef928a18d88c4a6b.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/ef928a18d88c4a6b.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c6917764217fdf3c96812a5f9a6ce70e695a1bc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/ef928a18d88c4a6b.json
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 50,
+"cost_usd": 9.84e-05,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1568,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A uniform dark green textured surface with a granular pattern. No discernible objects, people, actions, or legible text are visible.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/ef928a18d88c4a6b.png",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "ef928a18d88c4a6b",
+"sha256": "ef928a18d88c4a6bdad98a44de0119009523d04ff7c248da0115e375a3be7e69",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/fb2efc3d7c76ee08.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/fb2efc3d7c76ee08.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c2042acdad75b57d7730e06f2eb1b67547144578
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/fb2efc3d7c76ee08.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 138,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001192,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1280,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A stylized, low-poly scene set on a bright, yellow and orange tiled courtyard in front of a modern building with yellow accents. Numerous blocky humanoid figures with square heads and simple bodies stand around, some wearing suits while others have different colored outfits. The figures have yellow or beige heads with various facial features. In the background, a large structure with balconies and windows overlooks the scene. Above, aircraft are performing in formation, leaving white smoke trails against a clear blue sky. The overall atmosphere resembles a parade or crowd gathering near an elevated platform or stage.",
+"height": 819,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/fb2efc3d7c76ee08.jpg",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "fb2efc3d7c76ee08",
+"sha256": "fb2efc3d7c76ee0881f949cbfad039315c438d64bbaf65d4dcba247300fd7ea6",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/games/fe90351668c40016.json b/bridge/gpt/image/games/fe90351668c40016.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d6067466cc4cb08f2e24dea43c76d0e70b876da6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/games/fe90351668c40016.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 101,
+"cost_usd": 6.6e-05,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 512,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A pixel art-style image of a garden rake with a wooden handle. The head of the rake is light gray with five tines extending upward. The handle is a vertical brown/orange wooden shaft extending downward from the rake head. The background is black. No people or other objects are visible. There may be slight shading variations on the handle and rake head, but no legible text.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/games/image/fe90351668c40016.png",
+"persona": "games",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "fe90351668c40016",
+"sha256": "fe90351668c400164d0163dd41c79e33651c9b08ad38e2db261b0b6e6ccd423e",
+"width": 312
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/0014391252f976c4.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/0014391252f976c4.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..808b9028af3bb073e381906c2192935c36f70aba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/0014391252f976c4.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 179,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001332,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1232,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A large stone/brick neoclassical building dominates the scene, with a triangular pediment roof and tall, narrow vertical windows. The facade has two to three stories of evenly spaced, tall, rectangular windows with columns or mullions. The street in front is wide and mostly empty, with a few pedestrians and a couple of streetlight posts visible. There are tram or trolley wires overhead crossing the street near the building, suggesting a city streetcar system. A few small vehicles or carts are parked along the curb. The corner of another building is visible on the left, and a distant multi-story building can be seen on the right. The overall lighting is bright, giving the image a slightly washed-out, vintage appearance. Legible text: none clearly readable on signs from this distance.",
+"height": 790,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/0014391252f976c4.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "0014391252f976c4",
+"sha256": "0014391252f976c4a8cb7ae74ef3abe802489709430a5bae78c78b7c213d70b0",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/002433c40465c832.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/002433c40465c832.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0407b04fa70fd8aa17cbddec77da658f251f89ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/002433c40465c832.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 166,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001208,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1088,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A crowded courtroom or parliamentary chamber filled with men and women in 19th-century attire. In the foreground a stern man in a waistcoat and bow tie raises his arms, while a woman beside him looks toward the audience. Another man extends his hat toward the front, and several figures at the barrier lean or gesture toward the observer. The gallery and benches are packed with people, many in top hats and formal dress, some raising hats or arms as if applauding or protesting. The background shows ornate architectural details and a sense of a large, crowded proceedings. There is legible text along the bottom caption and vertical margins, describing the scene as an impeachment trial in Wasvington (as per the image caption).",
+"height": 675,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/002433c40465c832.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "002433c40465c832",
+"sha256": "002433c40465c83273a0d9663c0528669e85e56cfc439d79e0c42a5ad3e17800",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/027c756c4285773c.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/027c756c4285773c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..354c30b84832bd0b4f90134c477185481e23dc93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/027c756c4285773c.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 147,
+"cost_usd": 9.4e-05,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 704,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A large outdoor rally with a dense crowd of people gathered on a plaza or steps. Many individuals hold colorful signs and banners, some featuring text, while rainbow flags and other protest banners wave above the crowd. Various groups appear to be marching or chanting, with several attendees wearing casual summer clothing. In the foreground, a few photographers and a child wearing a bright rainbow flag are visible. Balloons (pink and blue) are clustered on the right, and a cluster of red flags and signs is prominent toward the left. The background shows trees, lamp posts, and some distant buildings, suggesting a park or public square setting.",
+"height": 433,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/027c756c4285773c.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "027c756c4285773c",
+"sha256": "027c756c4285773c75ce13cbdb942cc819f7659fba9c497330dd86d2e0165c75",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/02880c2f1c0575b1.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/02880c2f1c0575b1.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..59b6b19f7fb2e79128987e3cc71719b13a8a50e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/02880c2f1c0575b1.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 119,
+"cost_usd": 9.96e-05,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1040,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A spiraling staircase seen from above, descending in a curved, marble-floored enclosure. The steps are light gray, with a dark edge, and a brown handrail runs along the outer edge following the curve. The railing posts are light-colored vertical balusters. The walls are light, casting soft shadows of the railing onto them. The staircase forms a teardrop-shaped opening toward the bottom, with a small landing or floor visible at the lowest visible point.",
+"height": 666,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/02880c2f1c0575b1.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "02880c2f1c0575b1",
+"sha256": "02880c2f1c0575b162542d322bc782f199667ea4f301ad842a9133ef7ea865ef",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/050775d80c2fa062.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/050775d80c2fa062.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..41e400621100044691a6adb1821ce6164858cdf4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/050775d80c2fa062.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 192,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001408,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1280,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A two-story classical-style building with a prominent wraparound balcony on the second floor. The facade features tall, evenly spaced columns on both levels, forming a colonnade around the structure. Windows are rectangular with decorative lintels; the ground floor has several entry doors and large windows. A low railing encloses the second-floor balcony, and decorative balustrades line the roofline. The building sits on a paved street with a curb; there are overhead utility wires visible in the sky. Two people are standing near the right side of the building, adding a sense of scale. The overall tone is sepia, giving the image an antique appearance. Text at the bottom reads something like: 'U.S. Courthouse Galveston Tex. ...' and 'Lorain Main East of Today' (partially obscured).",
+"height": 803,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/050775d80c2fa062.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "050775d80c2fa062",
+"sha256": "050775d80c2fa062c7153d46a497244dc8e317f6556b4fff3ec2874d37ffb4be",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/0796fba44bfa5b5e.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/0796fba44bfa5b5e.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0cbec3968bd5f6addc2fa6faadc729a9fc5f934d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/0796fba44bfa5b5e.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 119,
+"cost_usd": 0.000102,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1088,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A modern multi-story building with light-colored stone exterior and large glass windows dominates the center. The structure has curved, rounded towers on both sides and a glass atrium in the middle. In front is a wide, well-kept grassy lawn with a row of green trees lining a walkway on the left. An American flag is visible near the entrance. The sky is blue with scattered white clouds. There are additional buildings in the background to the right. No people are immediately visible.",
+"height": 678,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/0796fba44bfa5b5e.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "0796fba44bfa5b5e",
+"sha256": "0796fba44bfa5b5e361320cfd2b10e4295a1dd44f2f47c7fc3319831e26d4e68",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/081ad86e1a33b464.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/081ad86e1a33b464.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cd4ecc8da28075e4a0db3b157cfa986c9c61e0ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/081ad86e1a33b464.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 116,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001056,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1184,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A white marble bust sculpture of Earl Warren, placed on a pedestal. The bust shows a man in formal attire with a suit and tie, wearing a robe-like judicial gown. The facial expression is neutral with closed lips and short, neatly combed hair. The base includes a plaque that reads: “EARL WARREN FOURTEENTH CHIEF JUSTICE 1953-1969.” The background is a light marble wall with subtle veining.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/081ad86e1a33b464.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "081ad86e1a33b464",
+"sha256": "081ad86e1a33b464175a29c3fbb7167321a5d1f51bcb0f11d85916753eab3b7a",
+"width": 768
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/095f613dc8738ceb.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/095f613dc8738ceb.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..95547b2b82b14cff68e6fa3934dd6e72a38b5966
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/095f613dc8738ceb.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 113,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001068,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1232,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A man in a dark suit and patterned red tie stands at a podium, reading from papers. He wears a sheriff or police badge on his left chest. Several microphones on stands are in front of him. Behind him, a group of people in suits observe; one person to the right holds a banner with partial red and blue text. The setting appears to be an outdoor press event or protest, with a blurred foreground figure partially visible on the left.",
+"height": 769,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/095f613dc8738ceb.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "095f613dc8738ceb",
+"sha256": "095f613dc8738ceb15c8f54909206205e41a6d2a4e8926d3d5e23f1eba284bb3",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/09e7d91915d933ae.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/09e7d91915d933ae.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3b2ee63a1a42fe59cdcb1c1783d983dc69a948b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/09e7d91915d933ae.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 306,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001456,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 464,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "An old, narrow document page, likely a courtroom or trial roster. It features a vertical list of names arranged in a column, each with the word 'Guilty' or 'not guilty' handwritten to the right in a column. The top of the page shows headings with dates (e.g., 'May 16, 1868') and columns labeled 'YEAS' and 'NAYS' at the very top. Each row lists a surname (e.g., Anthony, Bayard, Buckalew, Cameron, Cattell, Chandler, Cole, Conkling, Corbett, Cragin, Davis, Diz on, Doitle, Drake, Edmunds, Ferry, Fessenden, Fowler, Grimes, Harlin, Henderson, Hendricks, Howes, Johnson, McCerry, etc.) with a note indicating 'not guilty' or another verdict in the rightmost column. The document is aged, with brownish ink and a handwritten, cursive style. The page edges are slightly irregular, and the bottom shows faint numbers like '35' on the left and '19' on the right, with a date 'May 11, 1868' repeated along the bottom. The overall impression is a historical roll call or verdict sheet from a legislative or judicial body. No people are identifiable beyond names, and there is no photographic content. ",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/09e7d91915d933ae.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "09e7d91915d933ae",
+"sha256": "09e7d91915d933aec6954e0c5c09055f92dcef9ce9468b1bbd8d80ef32395b77",
+"width": 269
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/0c3ff1a5de0d7091.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/0c3ff1a5de0d7091.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c536e6c8ebe2bc9765f630221e978753f0bd89ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/0c3ff1a5de0d7091.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 159,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001204,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1136,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A quiet courtroom scene viewed from the back. Foreground shows wooden benches with dark blue cushioned seats facing the front. Several rows of seating and desks run parallel, separated by wooden rails. In the center, a raised judge’s bench with an emblem on the wooden back panel, behind which sit a chair and office items. An American flag and another flag stand to the left of the bench. To the left and right of the judge’s bench are tall wooden doors or partitions. A computer monitor, paperwork, and office equipment sit on the desks in front of the judge. The room has light blue walls, a white tiled ceiling with recessed lighting, and a neutral carpet floor.",
+"height": 725,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/0c3ff1a5de0d7091.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "0c3ff1a5de0d7091",
+"sha256": "0c3ff1a5de0d7091cc8532c6e1f28f99f3b472c8b6fc38fb182c04293aabab0f",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/0caa76ed9f93f9d6.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/0caa76ed9f93f9d6.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2db249c752cf408d9ebb45eec76dce70a4b4fd71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/0caa76ed9f93f9d6.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 136,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001088,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1088,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A formal press conference or address takes place in an elegant, light-colored room with ornate molding and high ceilings. A speaker stands at a podium on the left, facing a large audience seated in rows. The room is filled with people, including many in suits, and a group of photographers and cameramen line the back and sides with professional cameras and video equipment. Two large, sparkling chandeliers hang from the ceiling, and tall windows with gold curtains flank the room. An American flag and another flag are positioned near the speaker. The overall atmosphere is official and ceremonial.",
+"height": 682,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/0caa76ed9f93f9d6.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "0caa76ed9f93f9d6",
+"sha256": "0caa76ed9f93f9d6e647d8e125f42e13f6490c57a6a8505c002c79c8a18a3611",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/0d9d8b5f39eac5b1.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/0d9d8b5f39eac5b1.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9d7ac54a5692b0896210b43cd47bfb120ff3b3fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/0d9d8b5f39eac5b1.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 161,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001236,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1184,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A large light-colored stone office or government building with multiple windows. The facade features an inscription across the upper portion that reads, \"A COMMONWEALTH CONCEIVED AND NURTURED BY STRONG MEN.\" There are three tall, arched windows on the ground level and several rows of smaller rectangular windows above. Two flags are mounted on poles in front of the center entry: the United States flag on the left and another flag (likely a state flag) on the right. The entrance has three dark doors, with the central door labeled \"THE SUPREME COURT OF OHIO\" above it. The scene is outdoors with a paved area in front and minimal landscaping visible.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/0d9d8b5f39eac5b1.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "0d9d8b5f39eac5b1",
+"sha256": "0d9d8b5f39eac5b12d74d2217fddd7cbbcd162fbc226371bf6428b6653bfc03a",
+"width": 768
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/1149225f9f4851d7.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/1149225f9f4851d7.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..06da626f3b02acbcc8eb0f9c0981d5622eba4c4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/1149225f9f4851d7.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 139,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001148,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1184,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A modern white stone courthouse with a curved façade and tall vertical columns forming an open circular entrance. A set of wide steps leads up to the main doors, with a brick-paved foreground and a road with a double yellow line in front. An American flag is raised on a flagpole near the building. There are green trees and a clear blue sky in the background. Windows are rectangular and evenly spaced across the curved wall. A small sign reads 'UNITED STATES COURTHOUSE' near the stairs. A fire hydrant is visible on the right side of the brick pavement.",
+"height": 768,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/1149225f9f4851d7.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "1149225f9f4851d7",
+"sha256": "1149225f9f4851d7c401f21c0aaaf0b45ca6b802dd44ced432f12346401bc6b3",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/17007edabca73f78.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/17007edabca73f78.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0fb6aa1269f55ce45b6df030443ad92d8268f723
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/17007edabca73f78.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 130,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001064,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1088,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A black-and-white photograph shows a man in a dark suit standing behind a desk, speaking and gesturing with his right hand. He is near a microphone stand on the left. Another man in a suit with glasses sits to the right, facing the speaker. In the foreground, there are multiple microphones and cables on the desk, along with scattered papers and a small stack of documents. The scene appears to be a formal hearing or press conference in a conference room or courtroom. Legible text is not evident in the image.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/17007edabca73f78.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "17007edabca73f78",
+"sha256": "17007edabca73f786fe317948707b9b73abc26a71b320f1dc36620946a7e6c8f",
+"width": 689
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/17817c82427c98bf.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/17817c82427c98bf.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..159d7456fc8df5fe0215c24c0925fb8668c53c1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/17817c82427c98bf.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 132,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001048,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1040,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "An urban building facade with large glass windows on the upper floors. At street level, there is a decorative red metal mural featuring large circular wheel-like shapes and intricate patterns mounted on a light gray stone wall. In front of the mural, low rectangular planters contain green shrubs and some small flowers. A sidewalk runs along the bottom, and a door to the left suggests an entrance. The sign on the wall to the right reads United States Post Office Federal … Station, indicating this is a post office building. No people are visible in the scene.",
+"height": 651,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/17817c82427c98bf.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "17817c82427c98bf",
+"sha256": "17817c82427c98bfa9b3b9241568d91b5df7cd298ca9b7a7a91c50c7c52e7b2b",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/178f7f6b4432d5df.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/178f7f6b4432d5df.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9d71f85c95c3defb15275b653ef51660330b17eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/178f7f6b4432d5df.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 87,
+"cost_usd": 8.92e-05,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1088,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "An empty wooden judge's bench with a high-back chair centered behind it. The bench features circular and rectangular carved panels. In front of the bench is a white, worn horizontal railing. The scene is indoors with beige walls and warm lighting. No people are visible. There are no legible text elements in the image.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/178f7f6b4432d5df.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "178f7f6b4432d5df",
+"sha256": "178f7f6b4432d5dfdb0f449f279c368701c09d17a7b006a363646668f85ad347",
+"width": 683
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/18685872f2a75c5a.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/18685872f2a75c5a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5a816eddf19d61d46a88c5f30007ca8781247803
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/18685872f2a75c5a.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 72,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001048,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1520,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A teal-green road sign with a rounded rectangle containing the white text 'FEDERAL COURTHOUSE'. Beneath the sign is a large white right-pointing arrow. The image is cropped so that only part of the sign and arrow are visible.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/18685872f2a75c5a.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "18685872f2a75c5a",
+"sha256": "18685872f2a75c5ae8d6d00c32b6a9a1d727beff4a9d4bc882700a4a90335b75",
+"width": 975
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/18b89b99d95e6a7c.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/18b89b99d95e6a7c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..406c63a1fb9a89d93bd86d8bb1d8c50fe9a7ec24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/18b89b99d95e6a7c.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 196,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001376,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1184,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A group of men in early 20th-century attire, wearing suits, ties, and bowler or fedora hats, are descending the steps of a grand stone government or courthouse building with large columns. The men appear to be in motion, some adjusting their hats or jackets as they step down. Prominent architectural features include wide steps, tall columns, and an ornate wrought-iron gate or decorative panel behind them. There is legible text handwritten along the top edge of the image: 'DYNAMITE DEFENDANTS LEAVE FEDERAL BLDG, INDIANAPOLIS'. A vertical measurement tag is visible on the left side. The scene is in black and white, suggesting a historical photograph, possibly from the early 1900s. No clearly identifiable individuals are named, and there is no visible crowd beyond the group on the steps.",
+"height": 750,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/18b89b99d95e6a7c.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "18b89b99d95e6a7c",
+"sha256": "18b89b99d95e6a7cd3f20fe8d36ebc74df98ef34cf900c294c3b27d09e195557",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/1a61a58808de2263.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/1a61a58808de2263.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b3c12f0b305dafaeba11ec594534bf3d2735ddde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/1a61a58808de2263.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 159,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001228,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1184,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A sketch shows four people seated or leaning. On the left, a person sits in a chair with its back visible, wearing a scarf or wrap around the shoulders; their head is turned slightly away. Next to them, two figures are seated closely, one with short hair facing left and the other with longer hair facing right, both drawn with loose, overlapping lines. To the right, a third figure with short hair and a high-collared garment sits with their back more visible, wearing what appears to be a large padded or fur-lined coat. The scene emphasizes motion and gesture through quick, overlapping pencil lines. There is no legible text visible in the image.",
+"height": 752,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/1a61a58808de2263.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "1a61a58808de2263",
+"sha256": "1a61a58808de2263cdcba321490b429b27d1eed83eefa3c3137d2e1e757d8f11",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/1b9ace10a1056e4b.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/1b9ace10a1056e4b.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b2ab33658ec55de77c799ee70f9fd93ee98bae70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/1b9ace10a1056e4b.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 97,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001004,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1232,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A black-and-white photograph of a middle-aged man with a mustache, short hair, and light complexion. He is wearing a dark collared shirt and looking slightly to his left with a serious expression. He holds a piece of paper or card in front of his chest that reads a name: “Mueller, Johannes Hermann.” The background is plain and light-colored.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/1b9ace10a1056e4b.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "1b9ace10a1056e4b",
+"sha256": "1b9ace10a1056e4bfbd42542100b2dcffe2be4ba1ba87aaaca5bd2f9b45f051e",
+"width": 785
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/1c048193b8ad046b.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/1c048193b8ad046b.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d401f00088a8b02bdeaa609eff684053218c9111
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/1c048193b8ad046b.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 103,
+"cost_usd": 7.16e-05,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 608,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A large wooden interior wall with classical architectural details. There are tall fluted columns and rectangular panels in a rich brown wood. In the center, a circular clock with gold numerals and hands is mounted on the paneling. The clock shows a time around 11:10. The overall scene is warm-toned and appears to be an old-fashioned or historic room with ornate molding along the top.",
+"height": 361,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/1c048193b8ad046b.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "1c048193b8ad046b",
+"sha256": "1c048193b8ad046bad941b9af5c0e251a6070b6ce035c9b956133a165cc8bebb",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/1db49552488cb9f7.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/1db49552488cb9f7.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..431cd917efaa4ffa2419a5b8649258cb57b8b39d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/1db49552488cb9f7.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 136,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001184,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1280,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A black-and-white photograph of a middle-aged man with a surprised or concerned facial expression. He has short, dark hair swept back, thick eyebrows, and wide eyes. He is wearing a pinstriped suit jacket over a light-colored shirt with a dark tie. A large piece of paper or card is pinned or held in front of his chest with the handwritten text: 'FOCKE, Albrecht' (the latter clearly reads 'Albrecht' after a comma). The background is plain and light, focusing attention on the man's face and the name card.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/1db49552488cb9f7.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "1db49552488cb9f7",
+"sha256": "1db49552488cb9f7b951e48b589b6c3b275ad8ae04ed8b02e4be351c61867689",
+"width": 813
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/1f4dc8a7e8c99c1f.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/1f4dc8a7e8c99c1f.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..04d59011ba58b34c484d2255fe32444a83c35f77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/1f4dc8a7e8c99c1f.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 172,
+"cost_usd": 0.000128,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1184,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A tall modern building with a stone facade. The lower level features a glass entrance with large doors and the address 1729 visible on the glass. Above the doors, the text 'UNITED STATES COURTHOUSE' is carved along a horizontal panel. Centered above the entrance is a circular window or decorative opening with a metallic frame. The name 'HUGO L. BLACK' is displayed in uppercase letters on the wall above the circle. The building has multiple Windows and vertical glass panels on the right side, with white/cream stone and some dark stains or weathering on the facade. There is little to no visible people in front of the entrance, and the reflection in the glass shows a street scene with trees and other buildings.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/1f4dc8a7e8c99c1f.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "1f4dc8a7e8c99c1f",
+"sha256": "1f4dc8a7e8c99c1f6ec804b68aa8b8b1215456a64aaf3ca5b685b150b8bcdd62",
+"width": 768
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/23314aa71f3d1b56.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/23314aa71f3d1b56.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0399ecd7beaee0db4ef37df85447aacf9fc510b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/23314aa71f3d1b56.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 139,
+"cost_usd": 0.00011,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1088,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A tall modern office building with a curved, tiered design dominates the scene. The facade features numerous vertical rows of blue-tinted windows set in light-colored concrete or stone. The structure rises against a clear blue sky. At the base, leafless trees line the street, and a few cars are visible along the road. Construction barriers and orange-and-white striped cones are in the foreground. No people are clearly visible, though there may be small figures near the street corners. There is legible street signage near the bottom right corner and a small sign/poster by the curb.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/23314aa71f3d1b56.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "23314aa71f3d1b56",
+"sha256": "23314aa71f3d1b56c7efe7a40dc048c1d6d14797cdfb831afad7d6c349c4e2d6",
+"width": 693
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/257c5d3053f92ad7.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/257c5d3053f92ad7.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bbee952d5135683ea14611bbeb4b4ab2c5bea889
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/257c5d3053f92ad7.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 200,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001344,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1088,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A formal meeting or conference in a large wood-paneled chamber. A long U-shaped arrangement of tables at the front is covered with green tablecloths, with numerous people seated behind them, likely delegates or officials. A raised podium on the right side has a speaker in a black robe with red trim delivering remarks; the speaker faces the audience. Several rows of seating with attendees facing the front surround the central carpeted area. There are laptops, papers, notebooks, microphones, and nameplates on the tables. Large windows with curtains along the back wall and ornate carpet with a red pattern. Two flat-screen monitors are visible on the floor at the front. The room has a formal, ceremonial atmosphere, suggesting a council, parliament, or academic/legal tribunal. Legible text includes items like notepads, screens, and documents, but no clearly readable words from the image itself.",
+"height": 682,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/257c5d3053f92ad7.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "257c5d3053f92ad7",
+"sha256": "257c5d3053f92ad75bb0517f8ffff87647fb64b2a79a83bd776f06249ff48e32",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/25d4eecfbda1ed1a.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/25d4eecfbda1ed1a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..65ec480945ed656c25d89ca1818b015695689359
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/25d4eecfbda1ed1a.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 144,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001168,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1184,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A city street scene featuring a large, old stone/cream-colored building with tall columns along the front. The structure has multiple stories, small rectangular windows, and a tiled roof in parts. In front are white concrete barriers and a few palm trees. A white minivan is driving on the road to the left. Traffic lights and street signs hang over the intersection. On the right, modern glass-and-concrete buildings rise in the background, with an American flag and another flag on flagpoles. There is a pedestrian crossing sign and some greenery near the building. Clear blue sky with a few clouds.",
+"height": 768,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/25d4eecfbda1ed1a.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "25d4eecfbda1ed1a",
+"sha256": "25d4eecfbda1ed1a398304ffae971add2774ff428ccc8d747c5b09d3d0097731",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/26b81f0d11a48bfd.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/26b81f0d11a48bfd.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cb0b3c9021cd96b1f6d24238baad58cd6014da7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/26b81f0d11a48bfd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 133,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001124,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1184,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "Urban street scene featuring a large historic stone building with arched windows and decorative facade on the left-center. In front of it are several parked and moving cars along the street. A row of green-leaved trees dominates the right side, partially shading the sidewalk and street. A few street signs, traffic lights, and a tall modern glass building are visible in the background to the left. The sky is clear and blue with bright daylight. Some pedestrians can be seen near the building entrances, and a flag is visible along the front of the historic building.",
+"height": 768,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/26b81f0d11a48bfd.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "26b81f0d11a48bfd",
+"sha256": "26b81f0d11a48bfdbb1e8ff8b1ad6b6149102e8656683398379376cdb9dc2f05",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/27e5591f8c6f91e7.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/27e5591f8c6f91e7.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..35a77ae2f615aeeba8715b48813cc8c15aba3401
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/27e5591f8c6f91e7.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 112,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001088,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1280,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A decorative hanging light fixture is centered in the image, suspended from three silver chains attached to the ceiling. The lantern-like fixture is round and features intricate geometric patterns in blue, orange, green, and gold. The ceiling and beams above have ornate decorative motifs and repeating border patterns in pastel tones, including small shapes and birds. The overall scene appears to be indoors, with soft, warm lighting and an architectural design that resembles a themed or historical interior.",
+"height": 806,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/27e5591f8c6f91e7.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "27e5591f8c6f91e7",
+"sha256": "27e5591f8c6f91e78b11f4190739440de39ffb1f9cdd33f45d7e5b63836a34cb",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/2808a7ab67545a33.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/2808a7ab67545a33.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e677d986229bb8d250e19b2d38c1b4bc2903aea1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/2808a7ab67545a33.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 133,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001028,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 992,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A large neoclassical courthouse or government building with a prominent row of tall columns at the front. The triangular pediment rests atop the columns, and the inscription along the frieze reads 'TREASURY UNITED STATES POST OFFICE AND COURT HOUSE' (partially visible). An American flag waves atop the roof. The building is light-colored stone with steps and railings in front. There are a few people walking or standing around the sidewalk, and surrounding city buildings are visible in the background. The sky is partly cloudy with patches of blue.",
+"height": 624,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/2808a7ab67545a33.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "2808a7ab67545a33",
+"sha256": "2808a7ab67545a33be48af9468bd004396bf788918e821410f350ac0fb710604",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/281cbd8b29f39a5e.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/281cbd8b29f39a5e.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..591fe10b358c1906e709326e93ad3821f1751e00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/281cbd8b29f39a5e.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 137,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001116,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1136,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "An old, blank sheet of paper with visible folds and creases, forming a grid of panels. In the lower central area there is a handwritten note in cursive ink. The text appears to read something like: “No 1439 United States … Ocean Snow” and below it lines that resemble a formal statement or title, possibly “Judgment … The President Warrant for… Commendation of Excellence.” The page is aged, with slight browning and minor stains, and the edges show wear and small tears, especially along the bottom edge and fold lines.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/281cbd8b29f39a5e.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "281cbd8b29f39a5e",
+"sha256": "281cbd8b29f39a5e98c29b9c07d50c6b8f1c20d293cb29b1967012fd4c7befe2",
+"width": 714
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/2845e68817593805.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/2845e68817593805.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..93e0a020f08d942e75be415a22f9a3e757ad6635
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/2845e68817593805.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 142,
+"cost_usd": 0.000116,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1184,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A printed illustration shows a courtroom scene with nine judges seated behind a long elevated bench. They wear traditional white wigs and dark robes. The central judge sits behind a higher chair, flanked by other judges on both sides. In front of them is a wooden jury box or bench with additional figures possibly attorneys or court staff. The room has a light blue-gray background and wood paneling. At the bottom of the print there are captions with names; the title in the center reads “HEADS OF THE LAW.” The overall mood is formal and official, depicting a panel of judges rendering a decision.",
+"height": 761,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/2845e68817593805.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "2845e68817593805",
+"sha256": "2845e688175938054fd400ed22f53aeece0383e6619e99f5bd8363e5d4d30ecf",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/29fc6c12a64c3b70.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/29fc6c12a64c3b70.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..230314b7e3e11c8946952767a740688a2bf5a85c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/29fc6c12a64c3b70.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 221,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001524,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1280,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A large, light-colored, rectangular institutional building with three stories sits on a broad street corner. The facade features tall, evenly spaced vertical windows (three across each visible face) with dark panes. A decorative frieze runs along the top edge of the building, and two entry doors with small steps flank a central recessed doorway on the front. The exterior walls are smooth with minimal ornamentation aside from the frieze and vertical lines. The surrounding area is relatively empty: a wide street in the foreground with a curb and a few faint tram tracks, and a couple of people standing near the right-front corner of the building. A streetlamp or utility pole is visible near the center-left. Overhead, wires and a suspended light fixture cross the sky. In the distance, smaller buildings line the street. The image is black-and-white and appears to be an old photograph, with a date or note in the lower left corner reading something like 4-5-36.",
+"height": 824,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/29fc6c12a64c3b70.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "29fc6c12a64c3b70",
+"sha256": "29fc6c12a64c3b709e198620c218d23fe96cd9ba6cafffd405a9fc36b129dbc6",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/2a42608b3ba66b0c.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/2a42608b3ba66b0c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..526b513547d3b1dd19e31ebb86d7eacbae2c6cc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/2a42608b3ba66b0c.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 119,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001164,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1376,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A grand, ornate courtroom or government chamber with high, elaborately decorated ceiling and a large chandelier hanging from the center. The room features tall marble columns, decorative molding, and a large wall painting or mural at the far end. In front of the painting is a raised dais or judge’s bench with chairs and desks arranged in rows. An American flag stands to the left of the dais. The overall scene is formal and empty of people, focusing on architectural grandeur and ceremonial furnishings.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/2a42608b3ba66b0c.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "2a42608b3ba66b0c",
+"sha256": "2a42608b3ba66b0c8ceca569aefd37a6a08f863e28fe308555bb74284ffb2038",
+"width": 882
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/2bedd3e3e5db6fae.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/2bedd3e3e5db6fae.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..80923a042e690e5db92ad3bd8c9a66219ecd4d1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/2bedd3e3e5db6fae.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 136,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001136,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1184,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A brick United States courthouse building sits along a street. The main entrance with glass doors is centered, labeled with a street number (211) above the doorway. A tall flagpole with an American flag rises in front of the building, and another flag is lowered. There are several trees and shrubbery around the entrance. A blue parked car is on the right side of the image, and a few street signs and a lamppost line the sidewalk. Windows with blinds are visible on the left wing of the building. The scene is outdoors on a clear day.",
+"height": 768,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/2bedd3e3e5db6fae.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "2bedd3e3e5db6fae",
+"sha256": "2bedd3e3e5db6faed562e7bd8366d97b4d0c4fc8fd2e513fce477582952bc340",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/2c58e51f15f57c4d.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/2c58e51f15f57c4d.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..05fac6df3085c43890f3fa0a8a4da7e91fb40c22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/2c58e51f15f57c4d.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 132,
+"cost_usd": 0.000112,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1184,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A white marble bust sculpture of Roger Brooke Taney, mounted on a square pedestal. The bust depicts an elderly man with short hair, draped in a flowing cloak over one shoulder. The pedestal has a plaque with gold lettering that reads: “ROGER BROOKE TANey” (typo in image shows TANey) followed by “FIFTH CHIEF JUSTICE” and the years “1836-1864.” The background appears to be a marble wall with rectangular panels. The overall scene resembles a museum or government building interior.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/2c58e51f15f57c4d.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "2c58e51f15f57c4d",
+"sha256": "2c58e51f15f57c4d87882542c47a38712e0cdf25e18d454bb215a5f329bd4f45",
+"width": 768
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/2cbe1c5f1273b58e.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/2cbe1c5f1273b58e.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dc52f623756d5c57f1f2225ab7a34bc26fc6fe64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/2cbe1c5f1273b58e.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 137,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001092,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1088,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "An outdoor urban plaza features a large abstract black sculpture with looping ribbons resting on a concrete pedestal. The sculpture has smooth, curved, interwoven bands forming a looping shape. Surrounding area includes brick paving, trimmed bushes, and several trees. In the background there is a multi-story white building with many windows. On the left side, a short staircase leads up to a doorway, and a low wall with signs is visible. A few shrubs and neatly trimmed round bushes line the walkway. The scene is daytime with overcast lighting; no people are visible in the image.",
+"height": 682,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/2cbe1c5f1273b58e.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "2cbe1c5f1273b58e",
+"sha256": "2cbe1c5f1273b58e43e9c8a9bd9732aa3d22290ca1e36218555d9c7ebf939db0",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/2ee3259fbaafa8b7.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/2ee3259fbaafa8b7.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..163ba3e188a006e0c07aeeeffee9c4f9bbd2a503
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/2ee3259fbaafa8b7.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 177,
+"cost_usd": 0.00013,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1184,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "An urban park scene in the foreground with grassy slopes and a few paved paths. On the left, tall modern office buildings line the street, including one with a distinctive stepped design. In the middle distance, more high-rise buildings of varying shapes, including a dark glass tower and a cylindrical-handled building, form a city skyline. A domed government-style building with a greenish dome and flag on top is visible toward the center-right. To the right, a row of mature trees creates a green edge along the park. The sky is blue with a few white clouds. There are no visible people in the scene, and some construction scaffolding appears near the base of the dome. Legible text includes a red 'Hilton' sign on one of the buildings.",
+"height": 768,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/2ee3259fbaafa8b7.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "2ee3259fbaafa8b7",
+"sha256": "2ee3259fbaafa8b74711ea2940f88c4b1d2734c6d1501f4a4177546b24a7ed36",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/34fed6a25708da2b.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/34fed6a25708da2b.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4aab51f78f53417fd9747f7d3bcace4f97531ebe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/34fed6a25708da2b.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 132,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001096,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1136,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "An interior stairwell with a marble or stone staircase and metal handrails. The stairs ascend to the left and then curve, with additional railings along the walls. The wall on the right is white with a glossy marble base and a matching handrail. There are rectangular windows with dark brown frames along the left side, letting in natural light. The overall setting appears to be a building interior, possibly a public or office building. No people or objects other than the architectural elements are visible. Text is not legible in the image.",
+"height": 736,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/34fed6a25708da2b.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "34fed6a25708da2b",
+"sha256": "34fed6a25708da2b365066d318bdaea2949a344ff52fbeb3a6b88d2e880d18e7",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/36814f6a8bdaec58.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/36814f6a8bdaec58.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..660063a0fd2d807e90481431ce5f921262a6fd8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/36814f6a8bdaec58.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 139,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001196,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1280,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A large white three-story rectangular building with tall vertical windows lines a street. The corner doorway is visible with stairs leading up to it. Several mid-20th-century cars are parked along the curb and driving on the street in front of the building. People are walking on the sidewalk near the intersection and near some parked cars. Street lamps are present at the corners. Bare trees and a grassy area with a sidewalk are on the right side of the image. The overall scene appears to be an urban or town setting with a prominent institutional-style building, possibly a school or government building.",
+"height": 803,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/36814f6a8bdaec58.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "36814f6a8bdaec58",
+"sha256": "36814f6a8bdaec58a72d148de7bcb119b9f41df1103446ceaabdcfe10a6d27dc",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/38174c8535a05e9f.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/38174c8535a05e9f.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..86a10bdd6cc7d6678e4a78077d5d707f3a249212
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/38174c8535a05e9f.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 163,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001268,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1232,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A black-and-white historical photo shows a public gathering outdoors under trees. In the foreground, several men with short hair sit with their backs to the camera, wearing light-colored shirts. To the left, a few men in uniforms with peaked caps stand and face a central speaker. In the middle, a man in a light shirt stands at a podium or bench, addressing the crowd. Attendees surround him, many seated and some standing behind, forming a dense audience. People appear engaged, with some looking toward the speaker and a few taking notes or listening intently. Legible text is not present in the visible area. The scene resembles a formal outdoor ceremony or speech with a crowd watching attentively.",
+"height": 787,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/38174c8535a05e9f.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "38174c8535a05e9f",
+"sha256": "38174c8535a05e9f25f4ec3e787be5f609cf2c8377e6516b34abcb5a37f8583a",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/38dc2ce7a716fb11.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/38dc2ce7a716fb11.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..858a7f060abeaf9d45c3573e04f7bf60a53d2661
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/38dc2ce7a716fb11.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 158,
+"cost_usd": 0.000132,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1376,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "An aerial view of a large neoclassical white government building with a green dome sits at the center. The dome features a small cupola with a spire. The front has a portico with tall columns and a set of broad stairs leading to double doors. Surrounding the building is a manicured lawn with walkways and brick pathways. A circular fountain or water feature and flagpoles with a flag are visible behind the building, within a park-like area bordered by trees. The surrounding streets are busy with multiple lanes of traffic and cars, including a white bus on a road in front of the building. Urban blocks with additional buildings line the streets on both sides.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/38dc2ce7a716fb11.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "38dc2ce7a716fb11",
+"sha256": "38dc2ce7a716fb1141cb69ebe99e0aa5dc73b243c7e7543d89d0257ebf1d5b74",
+"width": 885
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/39ae645fc91695df.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/39ae645fc91695df.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2a1202211cd591e3588faf286f888832d76bfb94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/39ae645fc91695df.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 103,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001004,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1184,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A large historic stone building with arched windows and decorative architectural details. A flagpole with an American flag stands in front. The building has multiple stories, ornate balconies, and an arched entrance. There are street lamps along the sidewalk, a line of bollards, and a few trees on the right. A white vehicle is partially visible in the lower left corner. No people are clearly visible.",
+"height": 768,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/39ae645fc91695df.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "39ae645fc91695df",
+"sha256": "39ae645fc91695df4aadbab240580676afc0574f67aedddeed1a76df843a420a",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/3a1109d80145f77a.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/3a1109d80145f77a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1c2c19a3b683cd10f3d6f01c0ea9c0d55438a76c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/3a1109d80145f77a.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 136,
+"cost_usd": 0.000116,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1232,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A large, neoclassical stone/brick courthouse or government building with three prominent central windows flanked by tall columns. The facade features decorative capitals, arched lintels, and a stone eagle sculpture atop the roof. In front is a wide set of stairs leading to a main entrance with double doors. On the left, a tall flagpole with an American flag waving. The foreground shows a paved walkway, small manicured shrubs, street lamps, and a few young trees. The sky is blue with a few white clouds. No people are visible.",
+"height": 780,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/3a1109d80145f77a.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "3a1109d80145f77a",
+"sha256": "3a1109d80145f77a4959a82df562dc790c2cca6eaa2f50ed770fd8fb2af1728c",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/3b07f1b051071897.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/3b07f1b051071897.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..caba3a9a204d03de309b91563fdd30a2c4b598d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/3b07f1b051071897.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 159,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001228,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1184,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A tall modern building with teal-tinted glass windows forms the main structure. The façade features a central concrete core with rectangular windows and vertical columns. At street level, there is a main entrance with a sign reading 'HUGO L BLACK' (likely Hugo L. Black Building) above the doors. In front of the entrance, there are small steps, planters, and a few concrete sculptures. On the sidewalk, there are street lamps, a couple of trees (mostly bare branches), and several brightly colored trash bins. The street in the foreground is empty of traffic, with crosswalks and curb ramps visible. The sky is overcast with patches of white clouds.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/3b07f1b051071897.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "3b07f1b051071897",
+"sha256": "3b07f1b0510718971ef0dcb325b9b3055590c05b57678dae8aac16d7adda7549",
+"width": 768
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/3b6fedd66bbf24cf.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/3b6fedd66bbf24cf.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d70b789495e050fa3e342ecd2134737627dcea77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/3b6fedd66bbf24cf.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 139,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001148,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1184,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A historic beige brick building with the inscription United States Post Office and Court House across the small upper front facade. A central set of stone steps leads to a pair of dark doors flanked by windows with decorative pediments. Symmetrical windows: two arched windows on the ground floor and rectangular ones above. A flagpole with an American flag on the left. Trees frame the scene on the right and left. Landscaping along the base includes trimmed bushes and small shrubs. A lamppost and a small sign are near the entrance. Clear blue sky with some clouds in the background.",
+"height": 768,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/3b6fedd66bbf24cf.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "3b6fedd66bbf24cf",
+"sha256": "3b6fedd66bbf24cf68f23b8c8f9f81718d4abda0012eb8affb5fe90ca366a514",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/3bf249706428eefe.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/3bf249706428eefe.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6fdf4fb143044e169b134121674ceeaecfe3e273
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/3bf249706428eefe.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 143,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001116,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1088,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A large neoclassical courthouse or temple at night, illuminated from below. Central façade features a row of tall Corinthian columns supporting a triangular pediment with sculpted figures. An inscription runs along the entablature. Wide stone steps lead up to grand doors that glow with warm light. Flanking the steps are statues on pedestals, one on each side. Visitors and a few people are walking or standing on the steps, some appearing blurred from motion. The sky is dark, making the lit building stand out. Visible textures include marble surfaces, ornate capitals, and decorative friezes.",
+"height": 682,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/3bf249706428eefe.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "3bf249706428eefe",
+"sha256": "3bf249706428eefe1ec352ee0d9c0f61da5df1a4832160bfc20a95b71a819468",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/40ddbd9bf7de697e.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/40ddbd9bf7de697e.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d65c5db7099fd96c4de2e93b9a28482331e42848
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/40ddbd9bf7de697e.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 186,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001528,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1568,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "An aerial view of a large white domed capitol-like building occupying the foreground. The central dome is turquoise-green with a small cupola on top. The building has a classical façade with columns at the entrance and symmetrical wings on either side. Surrounding the building is a red-brick path and small patches of lawn, some bare trees, and a circular feature behind the dome. To the left and right, wide city streets run parallel with numerous vehicles including cars, buses, and a yellow taxi. In the distance, a park area with pathways, benches, and more trees is visible. Pedestrians can be seen walking near the sidewalks and near the main entrance. There are sidewalks, crosswalks, and streetlights lining the streets. The overall scene suggests a government or historic building in an urban setting.",
+"height": 1022,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/40ddbd9bf7de697e.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "40ddbd9bf7de697e",
+"sha256": "40ddbd9bf7de697e59bf1dee5c99371946c4134a77b085ef2451f34d129e1f44",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/41aefe6463abc0b9.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/41aefe6463abc0b9.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fe254d688b8c47e4adf8bb29ff606947e0b250c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/41aefe6463abc0b9.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 117,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001012,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1088,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "An indoor scene featuring a tall, rectangular granite block standing upright with a large vertical crack running through its center. A hollowed, cracked opening reveals rough, jagged edges and a bright inner seam. The block is placed on a polished tile floor with curved black and beige patterns. The surrounding area includes walls and reflections on the floor, giving the impression of a public building or gallery space. No people are visible, and there is no legible text in the image.",
+"height": 682,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/41aefe6463abc0b9.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "41aefe6463abc0b9",
+"sha256": "41aefe6463abc0b907dcba5f2d2828e544df7cc07d1f5d16f3c0fd93c2073786",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/43c1d1195d4cb5b8.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/43c1d1195d4cb5b8.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bf210a5d02037219ad2ff2d7a701f39f0d65047a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/43c1d1195d4cb5b8.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 105,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001012,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1184,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A security officer or police officer stands outdoors on a set of wide steps near a marble building. He wears a black uniform, gloves, and a helmet with a clear visor. He holds a wooden baton in his right hand and has a badge on his chest and a shoulder patch. There is a yellow metal barricade to his left. The scene appears to be overcast with wet ground, suggesting recent rain.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/43c1d1195d4cb5b8.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "43c1d1195d4cb5b8",
+"sha256": "43c1d1195d4cb5b8ed71cb72c591f2fce04a053b8cdc3c98ac8104e254a71cc2",
+"width": 768
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/45ae0e2839f4701c.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/45ae0e2839f4701c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8074a88588037eb79007a39aa2c0e3829ada2d63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/45ae0e2839f4701c.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 125,
+"cost_usd": 9.24e-05,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 848,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A large beige stone building with multiple rectangular windows arranged in vertical columns. The facade features decorative relief sculptures between some windows and along the lower portion. A light blue sky with a few clouds is visible above. On the right side, there is a sidewalk with a blue recycling bin and some greenery, including small trees or shrubs. People or figures are not clearly visible, though there are some small silhouettes near the entrance. The building appears to be several stories tall, with a flat roof and clean, geometric lines.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/45ae0e2839f4701c.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "45ae0e2839f4701c",
+"sha256": "45ae0e2839f4701cd499e10851a0de9a1093bc1c26eba8a809ed498e7dc709bb",
+"width": 533
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/46c8f3fee8160e1a.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/46c8f3fee8160e1a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1fa63fad1d79cd29311de3d4941c5061088df321
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/46c8f3fee8160e1a.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 140,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001176,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1232,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A group of people descends the steps of a neoclassical building with tall columns and a triangular pediment. The central figure in front is a man in a light-colored uniform or suit, walking confidently with a woman in a light tan outfit and matching hat. Surrounding them are men in dark suits and a few other individuals, some in formal attire and a couple in uniform or military-style clothing. The sky is partly cloudy above, and the steps are broad stone steps leading down from the building. The scene has a vintage or historical feel, suggesting a formal or ceremonial visit.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/46c8f3fee8160e1a.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "46c8f3fee8160e1a",
+"sha256": "46c8f3fee8160e1ae9889f299feb4b4bce134c72305ee045ebbd34b7ee556476",
+"width": 780
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/48de6dee4df3b95e.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/48de6dee4df3b95e.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b6488d8c49648642186ecbf7db9c460ea35a09b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/48de6dee4df3b95e.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 135,
+"cost_usd": 0.000118,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1280,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "Two men are standing close to each other in a dark setting. The man on the left is older, with short white hair, wearing a dark suit and tie, and he appears to be holding some papers or a small folder. The man on the right has darker hair and is wearing a light-colored coat with a dotted scarf or necktie visible. They seem to be engaged in conversation; the man on the right is holding or inspecting a small item or document with both hands. The background is mostly dark, with indistinct shapes suggesting other people or shadows.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/48de6dee4df3b95e.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "48de6dee4df3b95e",
+"sha256": "48de6dee4df3b95ed5b96fd2867552ff90dead8dfda21c38497c72ba269b682d",
+"width": 811
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/4aeaadf882c2dfde.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/4aeaadf882c2dfde.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..591cb3bfcf437cd8e7ca1e6fb98d4a53e0a9d84e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/4aeaadf882c2dfde.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 118,
+"cost_usd": 9.2e-05,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 896,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A sunny daytime scene of a beige, multi-story building with numerous rectangular windows. In the foreground, a row of leafless and leafy green trees lines a walkway. The area includes low concrete planters with greenery and small shrubs. A few people are walking along the path near the building. The sky is bright blue with a few white clouds. Some text is visible on the building facade near the center-left, though it is small and partially obscured by trees.",
+"height": 575,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/4aeaadf882c2dfde.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "4aeaadf882c2dfde",
+"sha256": "4aeaadf882c2dfdea2ba9593a8011a33bc2913dd8616780913ff7ba876d86fea",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/4bceb799d913485c.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/4bceb799d913485c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9393a72086aeec9e132018e7f3e0207009d14fcb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/4bceb799d913485c.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 261,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001636,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1184,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A vintage political cartoon from August 11, 1900, on the cover of Judge magazine. Center stage is a tall, stern-looking figure dressed in a red jester/medieval costume labeled BRYAN. He is flanked by two smaller figures: on the left, a short boy wearing a hat labeled CHINESE BOXER and a sign around his neck that reads I AM AGAINST AMERICAN IMPERIALISM; on the right, a boy with a conical hat and a bow and arrow, wearing a sign that reads I AM AGAINST AMERICAN IMPERIALISM as well. The rightmost figure’s clothing has a label FILIPINO. All three hold hands, implying unity in opposing imperialism. The background is pale blue with faint clouds. Each side of the top features advertisements for Four Years More of the Full Dinner Pail. The text at the bottom reads: A POWERFUL DEMOCRATIC ARGUMENT AGAINST IMPERIALISM. Bryan—“Everybody is against imperialism. Now, here's Me and the Boxer and the Filipino. What'more do youse want?” The scene is satirical, criticizing anti-imperial voices with caricatured stereotypes. ",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/4bceb799d913485c.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "4bceb799d913485c",
+"sha256": "4bceb799d913485c7c2fcbfd0eeef74ba9dd1e133628574e5a81c855213e196b",
+"width": 762
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/4c9648fca1a32446.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/4c9648fca1a32446.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3f1873351dda375560b736dda6d9d72417aa6621
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/4c9648fca1a32446.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 137,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001188,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1280,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A tall modern glass-and-concrete office building dominates the scene. The facade features large blue-tinted glass windows arranged in vertical strips, framed by light-colored stone or concrete. The lower portion includes horizontal and vertical architectural elements, with a row of tall, narrow glass panels and a beige wall. In the foreground, there are green trees partially obscuring the base. A sculpture or decorative statue sits at ground level on the right side of the image. The sky is pale, and the overall color tone of the image is slightly yellow-green. No people are clearly visible.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/4c9648fca1a32446.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "4c9648fca1a32446",
+"sha256": "4c9648fca1a32446e63d40ec2e14a04a8facf38d77ed996a5d3abb044bd845b6",
+"width": 817
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/4d47072352278da4.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/4d47072352278da4.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dfafeb2548b972b624f69f0547bb07dc82860c9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/4d47072352278da4.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 124,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001016,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1040,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A large neoclassical government building with a green dome is centered in the scene. In front of the building stands a dark statue of a standing male figure on a pedestal, surrounded by a rectangular fountain with water jets spraying upward. Behind the building, a tall arch-shaped structure (the Gateway Arch) rises against a blue sky with some clouds. An American flag flies atop the dome. There are a few small vehicles and light posts along the front walkway, and the scene includes some grassy patches and pathways.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/4d47072352278da4.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "4d47072352278da4",
+"sha256": "4d47072352278da43ee593bfb68286024af0534f40c141057e97bd7aa3c79514",
+"width": 667
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/4d8edfa83f6d4bea.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/4d8edfa83f6d4bea.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4778d713adcb6d8837f3d3f766f45633718df328
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/4d8edfa83f6d4bea.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 130,
+"cost_usd": 9.68e-05,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 896,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A large red brick building with modern design, featuring two to three stories and wide windows. The left side has a tall curved wall with a large arched window. The facade includes horizontal gray panels between windows. In front, there is a grassy area with several small trees, a sidewalk, and black bollards lining the perimeter. A circular stone sign sits near the street corner. A street lamp is visible along the sidewalk. The sky is light blue with a few clouds. No people are visible; the scene is calm and daytime.",
+"height": 576,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/4d8edfa83f6d4bea.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "4d8edfa83f6d4bea",
+"sha256": "4d8edfa83f6d4bea2b2631e0c6992769d117d2d5a314e6f1ccbc5c136d5a4368",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/4dbc4fcf422d6a5a.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/4dbc4fcf422d6a5a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b27b34d36d3a50e0a00b27c24adb4355c2260c1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/4dbc4fcf422d6a5a.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 141,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001204,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1280,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A historic brick building labeled as the Post-Office, Fort Dodge, Iowa. It has a rounded corner turret with a conical roof and a flagpole atop. The facade features white horizontal bands, arched windows on the second floor, and small awnings over ground-floor windows. A wide arched entryway is present on the front, with stone steps leading up to it. Streetlamps stand in front of the building, and a paved street runs along the front. The overall style is early 20th century, with decorative masonry and symmetrical towers at the corners.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/4dbc4fcf422d6a5a.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "4dbc4fcf422d6a5a",
+"sha256": "4dbc4fcf422d6a5a0abf75568ec22166468c46b64758006a41a1e84a5f15cc1a",
+"width": 803
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/4e76054c1ce6ea9f.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/4e76054c1ce6ea9f.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..aa3d4ba445d58d6e16edeaa8769d702c72c710e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/4e76054c1ce6ea9f.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 97,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001028,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1280,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A middle-aged man in a dark blue suit and red tie stands outdoors in front of a row of marble columns and a stone building with classical architecture. He is speaking, with his right hand raised and fingers extended, as if gesturing. Several microphones on stands are positioned in front of him, suggesting a press conference. The sky is clear and light blue behind him.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/4e76054c1ce6ea9f.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "4e76054c1ce6ea9f",
+"sha256": "4e76054c1ce6ea9fe937e3331223a89f05631c7a363c457c1763f34ba2411107",
+"width": 819
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/4f17fa63a7aaadd7.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/4f17fa63a7aaadd7.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..404663be1e5e19d8ce9a9ee5d14179caa62b529e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/4f17fa63a7aaadd7.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 111,
+"cost_usd": 0.000118,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1472,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A wooden carved bust of a woman mounted on a wooden panel. The figure has wavy hair and a serene expression, wearing a beaded necklace. The hair is styled with a headpiece or band, and the chest features ornate scrollwork carved into the wood. Decorative architectural molding with rounded bead details sits above the figure, and the background is warm wood tones. No people or text are present other than the carved figure itself.",
+"height": 958,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/4f17fa63a7aaadd7.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "4f17fa63a7aaadd7",
+"sha256": "4f17fa63a7aaadd70b9767551c571207306dc2bd3c8d5f7da6dd548166634d7b",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/4f6c85588c1a060c.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/4f6c85588c1a060c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5e6aef7d873c5fd8a18f751d5b867d1bc3922733
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/4f6c85588c1a060c.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 215,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001452,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1184,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A vintage illustration shows three men in a cluttered office. One man sits at a wooden desk, leaning over papers and writing with a pen; he has a beard and wears a light shirt and vest. Another man stands behind him, wearing a dark suit and glasses, looking at the desk. A third man stands to the left, facing sideways, with a full beard and long coat. The desk has ink, a pen tray, and scattered papers; a basket sits on the floor nearby. Behind them is a tall bookshelf filled with books and a decorative wall with ornate trim; there is a crossbar or rod on the wall. The caption at the bottom reads: “OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF THE SENATE, WASHINGTON, D.C.—PREPARING THE SUMMONS FOR PRESIDENT JOHNSON TO APPEAR BEFORE THE COURT OF IMPEACHMENT.—FROM A SKETCH BY JAS. E. TAYLOR.”",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/4f6c85588c1a060c.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "4f6c85588c1a060c",
+"sha256": "4f6c85588c1a060cb870f90c09e374df683443fe0a14a4eb0e314fdde1a38e42",
+"width": 741
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/4f9c1a5e5634df5a.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/4f9c1a5e5634df5a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f444500b29a3e0f6807812583006d516aeacd12c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/4f9c1a5e5634df5a.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 86,
+"cost_usd": 9.6e-05,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1232,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A marble wall features large raised lettering reading 'FEDERAL BUILDING UNITED STATES COURT HOUSE'. In front, a large white sculpted eagle with outstretched wings is mounted on the wall. The eagle rests above a marble pedestal or planter. The scene appears to be the exterior facade of a federal government building.",
+"height": 786,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/4f9c1a5e5634df5a.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "4f9c1a5e5634df5a",
+"sha256": "4f9c1a5e5634df5a9b190fd42c90c4084f61acb2408e20dd168b24903f670f61",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/4fa2bd4668d05a6c.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/4fa2bd4668d05a6c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5ba77fa1cc0931cb27dc3735c26fa78dc131d7ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/4fa2bd4668d05a6c.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 174,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001288,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1184,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A blue and red tram is stopped at a station on a sunny day. The front of the tram faces the camera, showing a digital destination display that reads 'RED-DAYBREAK' and a route number '31' in orange. The tram has a white stripe and markings, with overhead power lines and a pantograph visible above. To the left, there is a sidewalk with green grass, trees, and parked cars along the street. A red car is parked near the tram. In the background, tall buildings and construction scaffolding can be seen. A pedestrian is standing on the platform near the tram door on the right side. Overall, the scene depicts urban transit activity with a modern light rail vehicle, surrounding vehicles, greenery, and city infrastructure.",
+"height": 768,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/4fa2bd4668d05a6c.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "4fa2bd4668d05a6c",
+"sha256": "4fa2bd4668d05a6c4ae0ebf655c1c6590a2eae6c322d15942627efabe306af35",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/5166072e2319e21a.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/5166072e2319e21a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..467219cf426f042f102e3e0d15be5890d1bed569
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/5166072e2319e21a.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 94,
+"cost_usd": 9.92e-05,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1232,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A circular stone carving of a double-headed eagle with outstretched wings is centered on a light brown, textured stone wall. The emblem sits within a round inset, carved in relief. The wall behind consists of large rectangular blocks with visible grout lines. The lower edge of the image shows a horizontal dark gray granite strip. No people or text are visible.",
+"height": 769,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/5166072e2319e21a.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "5166072e2319e21a",
+"sha256": "5166072e2319e21a8ae0ca7c1411f4dbd531b9c252eae4fbe422799342fb53ad",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/516af09eaf96c825.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/516af09eaf96c825.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..21cf45bc9d1849a53615c1a9fc2a8836097130c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/516af09eaf96c825.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 144,
+"cost_usd": 8.08e-05,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 464,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A wide, faded mural or painting depicting a busy carnival or amusement park scene. On the left, people ride a carousel with horses, and a performer or rider sits on a horse above. The central area shows the carousel structure with supporting poles and a wooden fence. The right side features several people dancing or walking, including a man in a suit with a hat and a woman in a dress or skirt, along with other figures in various poses. Overall, the image has a soft, muted brownish palette with indistinct facial details due to age. Text is not legible in the scene.",
+"height": 266,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/516af09eaf96c825.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "516af09eaf96c825",
+"sha256": "516af09eaf96c8252edc79e7c84279817a166a1899b0c745e75963c9eccb74e2",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/55a134cedc520fc7.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/55a134cedc520fc7.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ffe151947e92599b288ffcafbcd6c4d2ffacc26e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/55a134cedc520fc7.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 115,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001052,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1184,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A large neoclassical building under renovation is covered in metal scaffolding. The facade features tall columns and a stepped front entry. Concrete stairs lead up to the entrance, with a temporary barrier along the lower edge. On either side of the stairs, there are large stone statues on pedestals. A few people walk near the railing in front of the building. The sky is clear and blue. Some construction materials and equipment are visible behind the scaffolding.",
+"height": 747,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/55a134cedc520fc7.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "55a134cedc520fc7",
+"sha256": "55a134cedc520fc745108032bdfab3ec2523ec4a50bac9bb818481c55f890323",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/587066c2fa3d06d2.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/587066c2fa3d06d2.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b5ef329e94edeea9dd87980abd3a6873672530ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/587066c2fa3d06d2.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 148,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001136,
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+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1088,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A large brick and stone courthouse-style building sits along a street. The two- to three-story structure features red brick walls with light stone trim, arched windows on the upper floor, and rectangular windows on the lower level. A decorative cornice runs along the roofline, and an American flag is visible on a flagpole near the right side of the building. Several green trees line the sidewalk, partially obscuring the facade. Parked cars (including a red pickup, a white SUV, and other vehicles) are along the street in front of the building. The sky is clear and blue, indicating a sunny day.",
+"height": 700,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/587066c2fa3d06d2.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "587066c2fa3d06d2",
+"sha256": "587066c2fa3d06d21cd6bc355d45652b7f71333e311dbef3b83916268a66b220",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/59c892a25631fa84.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/59c892a25631fa84.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..047ae94c1e7fda5f51e29737899a69588609d11e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/59c892a25631fa84.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 145,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001268,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1376,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A large brick and stone municipal building sits on a street corner under a partly cloudy sky. The facade features two to three stories with white-framed windows evenly spaced along red brick walls and light-colored stone trim. The central entrance has a small set of steps leading up to double doors, flanked by lantern-style light fixtures and a decorative pediment above. A low metal railing lines the sidewalk in front, and a curb with a yellow-painted edge runs along the street. A tall street sign and a pedestrian crosswalk signal are at the corner. The street is mostly empty with no visible people or vehicles nearby.",
+"height": 885,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/59c892a25631fa84.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "59c892a25631fa84",
+"sha256": "59c892a25631fa842ab3bb08a45a59e3e9edf00e14ea5bc22d1c4457a2566dd9",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/5a92622b1208a351.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/5a92622b1208a351.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4b96d288dc142509a1a784c304798e3fd6e3ef2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/5a92622b1208a351.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 123,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001036,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1088,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A modern geometric sculpture hangs in front of a light gray brick wall. The centerpiece is a translucent, iridescent pyramid with multiple colored facets, mounted on a circular bronze or brass ring platform. The pyramid sits on a light gray base, and from its sides extend several slender metallic rods that converge toward the top. The sculpture is suspended by a ring or frame below the platform, with a small gap between the bottom structure and the wall behind. No people or readable text are visible in the image.",
+"height": 682,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/5a92622b1208a351.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "5a92622b1208a351",
+"sha256": "5a92622b1208a3518d1562580ffbf1623dd78ec399d1dda42531da8910f897b7",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/5ada2dece1bd15be.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/5ada2dece1bd15be.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..897c8136c22af6ab6909df437051bacf17d13e3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/5ada2dece1bd15be.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 135,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001132,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1184,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "The image shows an urban scene with tall modern buildings dominating the background. A very tall glass-and-steel skyscraper on the left reflects the blue sky, while another multi-story concrete building with windows sits to the right. In the foreground, several parked cars, including a white van and a dark-colored car, occupy a street level lot. A low brick building with a large billboard is present between the foreground cars and the tall towers. The billboard features two ad panels with text and circular images. The sky is clear and blue with a few wispy clouds.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/5ada2dece1bd15be.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "5ada2dece1bd15be",
+"sha256": "5ada2dece1bd15bedcca6081d7b972c8e94fc03741a709c843fe3da796d8f7e3",
+"width": 768
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/5e47e2b4605bee17.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/5e47e2b4605bee17.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f864645335664acf0919bf8d0e58f0e12d823575
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/5e47e2b4605bee17.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 122,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001032,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1088,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A round wooden plaque mounted on a dark wood wall. The plaque features a central emblem with a shield-like crest flanked by balanced scales on either side, connected by a braided laurel wreath. Above and around the emblem, engraved text reads: 'THE JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERAL'S CORPS' along the top arc, and at the bottom edge the letters 'USAF'. The overall color palette is brown and bronze, with carved detailing and a metallic sheen on the crest and scales.",
+"height": 683,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/5e47e2b4605bee17.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "5e47e2b4605bee17",
+"sha256": "5e47e2b4605bee1721f4661df2419f34b4f3cfbf7e42ce2b1aaf6c7e4740fdda",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/60ae44a85a52b4a0.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/60ae44a85a52b4a0.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6df01be1b0da073693c239629cf8474bfec9c200
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/60ae44a85a52b4a0.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 216,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001408,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1088,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A courtroom or council chamber with wooden benches and a curved, white vertical slat wall. Several people are seated and standing: in the foreground, a man with a gray hoodie sits with his back to the camera; to his left, a person with a black jacket and braided hair sits facing the front; in the center, a photographer kneels on the floor taking a photo with a large camera; another photographer stands to the right with a long lens aiming toward the front. At the front of the room, a row of judges or officials sit behind a raised bench; one person in a dark suit stands and appears to be handling a bag or jacket. In the background, two flags are visible behind the bench, and a crest or emblem is mounted on the wall. Several people, including photographers, are gathered around the central area. Legible text is not clearly visible, though there are no prominent readable signs. The overall scene suggests a formal proceeding or hearing.",
+"height": 682,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/60ae44a85a52b4a0.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "60ae44a85a52b4a0",
+"sha256": "60ae44a85a52b4a068cfe0786fbabd2e8673743c881d81cd2465beb1338a2361",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/6274e3d067b04a65.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/6274e3d067b04a65.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5b885d54e5b82f76a0d40ef7a11cc371fc03e414
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/6274e3d067b04a65.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 135,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001132,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1184,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "An interior room with tall arched windows letting in daylight. A row of potted plants sits on a wide window ledge and along the foreground, including a tall leafy plant and several smaller pots. To the left, a dark reception desk or counter is visible with some items on it. Overhead, a long rectangular light fixture hangs from the ceiling. Outside the window, a street scene with a lamppost and bare trees is faintly visible. In the top right, part of an illuminated EXIT sign is cut off. The image is in grayscale.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/6274e3d067b04a65.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "6274e3d067b04a65",
+"sha256": "6274e3d067b04a65335b94697c1236de4f831bd9f46c6cc3c33b0daf958e16b3",
+"width": 767
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/63d553d000276c9f.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/63d553d000276c9f.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a2f13486a079762525fd13e6b5d8d8d5505a0270
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/63d553d000276c9f.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 114,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001072,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1232,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "An elderly woman with short, light-colored hair wearing dark, oversized sunglasses sits in a chair. She has a calm, serious expression. She is using forearm crutches with padded supports resting on her arms. She wears a light blouse and a small necklace. There are legible details on the crutches and a small pin or brooch on her blouse. The background is out of focus with indistinct figures or shapes suggesting an outdoor or public setting.",
+"height": 790,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/63d553d000276c9f.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "63d553d000276c9f",
+"sha256": "63d553d000276c9f3199f3091f293a310fa03f2a332630342808fb1e00993bfc",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/649476cd68f3663f.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/649476cd68f3663f.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0161b9ba9bf8d0a5278f4cc3bebc6b5bdfdc4352
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/649476cd68f3663f.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 135,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001132,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1184,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "An empty courtroom interior with warm lighting. The room features ornate wooden paneling, tall windows with blinds on the left and right, and decorative molding along the walls and ceiling. A raised judge’s bench or dais runs along the back wall with chairs facing forward. In the foreground there is a wooden railing with vertical balusters, separating the seating area from the front. A dark wood partition or barrier sits to the right. A framed painting or emblem is mounted on the back wall above the dais. The overall atmosphere is quiet and historic, with no people present.",
+"height": 768,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/649476cd68f3663f.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "649476cd68f3663f",
+"sha256": "649476cd68f3663fec35d586829727b11d7efd2a1e5a3bd79edf0d01dce04203",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/64a7732509aee4eb.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/64a7732509aee4eb.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..04c5b745bebc121aed0c5c6af4b0c8ea263b480c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/64a7732509aee4eb.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
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+"cost_usd": 0.0001104,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1280,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A white marble bust of a bearded man wearing draped garments is displayed in a recessed niche with a tall, rounded arch. The niche has a dark reddish-brown interior framed by a light cream-colored arch molding. The bust sits on a square pedestal on a green marble shelf. A small plaque is mounted on the wall to the left of the niche. No people are present besides the sculpture, and the scene appears to be indoors with soft, even lighting.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/64a7732509aee4eb.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "64a7732509aee4eb",
+"sha256": "64a7732509aee4ebb558de5d6fea5b49187ff5bf125b6c97f8d0a0ba14739d8b",
+"width": 819
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/653fbc08e8e9c5bd.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/653fbc08e8e9c5bd.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dda1bdd7eaa61fec2a0664783386c214815251cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/653fbc08e8e9c5bd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 148,
+"cost_usd": 9.92e-05,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 800,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A wide black-and-white street scene shows a large, light-colored building with a central tower and a long, two-story façade. The architecture features arched colonnades along the ground level and a row of windows on the upper floor. Palm trees and shrubs line the sidewalk in front of the building. There are several vintage cars parked along the street near the corner. The intersection appears calm with no visible pedestrians. The sky is overcast, and utility poles run along the street. Overall, the scene resembles a historic public or government building (possibly in a warm climate) with Mediterranean-style arches and a prominent central tower.",
+"height": 503,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/653fbc08e8e9c5bd.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "653fbc08e8e9c5bd",
+"sha256": "653fbc08e8e9c5bd67fc5bcf60eeb2201f15ea5ef330d1bccf67f46274117ef7",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/66118639a94e3697.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/66118639a94e3697.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5ba8cdd723e95792db440447ac4310c8a22a5de8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/66118639a94e3697.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 111,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001036,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1184,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A tall, narrow, frosted glass window set in a light beige stone wall. The window is framed with white decorative trim and sits atop a carved, column-like structure with an ornate capital. The column features vertical fluting and layered, ornamental details. On the left edge, part of a metal-framed window with yellow light behind it is visible. There is no person or active movement; the scene appears static with architectural details only.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/66118639a94e3697.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "66118639a94e3697",
+"sha256": "66118639a94e3697314d323d847880798bb78198a9f2dbef4e07972b0e9511f0",
+"width": 768
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/6b9a676ef6c8953f.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/6b9a676ef6c8953f.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fd4b6d00037561864e8d2934ca11c9f71cad4671
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/6b9a676ef6c8953f.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
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+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 152,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001152,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1088,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "An interior lobby or reception area with polished tiled flooring and a dark carpet runner. On the left, a long mural along the wall depicts classical scenes with statues and draped figures, enclosed by a decorative railing with stanchions and black ropes. The ceiling features recessed lighting and modern cylindrical fixtures; glass blocks allow natural light from above. To the right, a reception desk area with dark wood panels and a counter, behind which a person is seated. Further back, there are informational signs, a security turnstile or doorway, and some equipment or posters near the entrance. The overall atmosphere is formal, reminiscent of a government or museum building.",
+"height": 682,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/6b9a676ef6c8953f.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "6b9a676ef6c8953f",
+"sha256": "6b9a676ef6c8953fa56e9951b49986b274298b345986ff35ea20c15281cca606",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/6babd4f3b78724bd.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/6babd4f3b78724bd.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..10335eb77026434b005ae539ab459eb43d28e005
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/6babd4f3b78724bd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
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+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 131,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001116,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1184,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A bronze plaque mounted on a light-colored brick wall. The plaque is rectangular with a darker textured surface and raised gold lettering, bordered by a thin frame. The text reads: 'THIS PROPERTY HAS BEEN PLACED ON THE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES BY THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES POST OFFICE - COURTHOUSE BUILT 1912' There are four round screws at the corners securing the plaque to the wall. The wall consists of light beige to gray bricks with horizontal mortar lines.",
+"height": 768,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/6babd4f3b78724bd.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "6babd4f3b78724bd",
+"sha256": "6babd4f3b78724bd105c0115e629b6f41d03a503dcbac388f17da40689be350a",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/6bd2cbe7a07e7048.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/6bd2cbe7a07e7048.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..81751a8518a0c3bc3b1fbb98532392c07326b01d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/6bd2cbe7a07e7048.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 119,
+"cost_usd": 0.000102,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1088,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A decorative blue framed panel with a central mural featuring two large ornamental posts on a light blue background. The posts are cream-colored with ornate bases and finials, connected by a horizontal brown ribbon-like strip in the middle. In the center is a bronze or gold square motif with a four-petaled design. The entire scene is bordered by a thick blue frame adorned with circular gold floral knobs at regular intervals along the border. No people or legible text are visible.",
+"height": 673,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/6bd2cbe7a07e7048.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "6bd2cbe7a07e7048",
+"sha256": "6bd2cbe7a07e70489243871ce41dfb1aea291b8e64a7587e5456d357687db306",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/6de2d4d8162a8e25.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/6de2d4d8162a8e25.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a4e8f8b1d8aced319f06db219623a70a4c190a3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/6de2d4d8162a8e25.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 130,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001064,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1088,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A spacious modern atrium or lobby with large floor-to-ceiling glass windows and metal frames. Outside, tall office buildings and some trees are visible. Inside, a long, shallow reflective pool runs along the center or near the wall, bordered by a dark bench-like structure. The floor is made of large stone tiles with a natural pattern. There are a few planters with greenery near the back right. The space is bright with natural light and features clean, minimalist design elements such as metal columns and horizontal slats on the windows.",
+"height": 682,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/6de2d4d8162a8e25.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "6de2d4d8162a8e25",
+"sha256": "6de2d4d8162a8e25b706f1cf5d5f46efb334dcf2505577852bc929d3f0920589",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/7222f302a75b4faf.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/7222f302a75b4faf.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2cc0b49cde7b563f61fdd65ebe88ff7b46169d66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/7222f302a75b4faf.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 127,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001052,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1088,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "An interior view of a wooden balcony or gallery with curved railing surrounding a circular seating area. The railings and posts are dark polished wood, with matching green-cushioned chairs arranged around the circular path. A wall-mounted light fixture emits soft light on a light beige wall. In the background, a dark wooden double door and an EXIT sign above it. The floor appears carpeted in a muted tone. Overall, the scene resembles a formal meeting or courtroom gallery with many empty chairs and a warm, classic wood decor.",
+"height": 692,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/7222f302a75b4faf.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "7222f302a75b4faf",
+"sha256": "7222f302a75b4fafd5d9e093531e7ce348ffff8d13d0cc47a27f196a03d308e7",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/7268ebe5220e2b7e.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/7268ebe5220e2b7e.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bf08ad6eee4809aaca9ac735ac0258c000d01573
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/7268ebe5220e2b7e.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 124,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001208,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1424,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A large, historic-looking gray stone building with a central cupola or small dome on the roof. The facade has multiple windows and a central entrance with steps, flanked by leafless trees in the foreground. In front is a red-brick plaza with black posts and benches. A blue construction lift or crane is visible on the right side near the building. Behind the main structure, a taller modern glass building is partially visible on the left. The scene appears to be daytime with an overcast sky.",
+"height": 912,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/7268ebe5220e2b7e.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "7268ebe5220e2b7e",
+"sha256": "7268ebe5220e2b7e0a3db0cb66f8a03f408a22713f93cdbcb9fdb84fe2f05362",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/74f14a637234a213.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/74f14a637234a213.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0ed204f60324d30736630ca5b8c6a396b65cdba1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/74f14a637234a213.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 114,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001168,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1424,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "Centered within a blue wall is a large square golden relief depicting an eagle with outstretched wings, a shield on its chest, and a circular emblem above its head. The eagle holds olive branches and arrows in its talons. Surrounding the relief is a gold frame, and the blue wall is bordered on the left and right by vertical gold strips adorned with small blue star-like symbols. There is no visible text or people in the image.",
+"height": 899,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/74f14a637234a213.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "74f14a637234a213",
+"sha256": "74f14a637234a21318ceb4764aaa6f0f71a2c429314571a55dda779f31159c11",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/75102303cc8745ea.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/75102303cc8745ea.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8387ad9b8252e055c18d6a07e53d3f939bae4f44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/75102303cc8745ea.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 127,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001292,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1568,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A courtroom or formal judicial setting with seven people wearing black robes. Four people stand at the back row and three sit in the front row behind a large wooden bench. A plaque on the desk reads 'Charles T Canady Chief Justice'. There are two flags on tall poles: the United States flag on the left and a state flag on the right. The background features a dark maroon curtain. The bench has a circular seal or emblem on the front panel. All individuals are facing the camera and smiling slightly.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/75102303cc8745ea.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "75102303cc8745ea",
+"sha256": "75102303cc8745eafc1e48587b245cbf0a996d611f71536deb99be80ad44425c",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/77e4194cfe692e66.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/77e4194cfe692e66.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a550bcb1cdb17adc8ab14122da2e83faa828ed1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/77e4194cfe692e66.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 198,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001384,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1184,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "An outdoor scene in front of a large white marble government-style building with tall windows and ornamental details. In the foreground, a woman in a burgundy coat and teal top is speaking into a purple microphone, standing behind multiple microphones on stands. To her left, a man with light hair wearing a blue jacket sits or crouches near a blue sign. Behind them, another person wearing a dark suit and a clerical collar stands next to a woman wearing a black hat with a brown band and a gray scarf. The people appear to be at a protest or press conference, with signs visible including a red sign reading 'MOBILIZING' and a blue sign with the hashtag '#ProtectMyVo...' (text partially obscured). In the distance, trees and a statue or sculpture are visible on the right side of the plaza. The sky is overcast.",
+"height": 768,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/77e4194cfe692e66.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "77e4194cfe692e66",
+"sha256": "77e4194cfe692e661a2649d3e1744213a2444a339927a7ea28c05add68a65e34",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/78722568fcb8f32e.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/78722568fcb8f32e.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bf6fa171c27f3bdda470f4917a1cdf7558e905b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/78722568fcb8f32e.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 144,
+"cost_usd": 9.52e-05,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 752,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A large historic brick building with white stone trim sits on a street corner. The left portion features tall arched windows and decorative stonework, including a prominent arched entrance with steps. The right side has a lighter stone facade and a row of trees along the sidewalk. Planters and low hedges line the front, with a few people near the entrance on the left. An American flagpole with a flag is visible toward the right side of the building. The sky is clear and blue with a few wispy clouds. The area appears urban and well-maintained, with minimal traffic and broad sidewalks.",
+"height": 478,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/78722568fcb8f32e.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "78722568fcb8f32e",
+"sha256": "78722568fcb8f32e2e9bbb9f454ad8a3b85a253929327b3ea4e5b6e0f52cb2c5",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/7a1ddef18c2f9e22.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/7a1ddef18c2f9e22.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bd4c51ac7be3ce41d2c620a29e39b502126f76b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/7a1ddef18c2f9e22.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 183,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001276,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1088,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A formal courtroom or council chamber with a long ornate wooden bench along the back wall, where several judges or officials sit facing the room. Behind them are framed portraits of numerous individuals on wooden paneling, and two large chandeliers hang from a coffered ceiling. An American flag stands to the left, and a blue flag stands near the center-right. In the foreground, a group of people sit at a large rectangular table facing the bench, some taking notes or speaking; a man in a dark suit stands near the front, appearing to address the room. A tall red curtain and a window with blinds are on the right side, allowing some light into the room. The carpet is red, and there are additional tables and chairs arranged around the space, suggesting a formal hearing or meeting in progress.",
+"height": 685,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/7a1ddef18c2f9e22.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "7a1ddef18c2f9e22",
+"sha256": "7a1ddef18c2f9e22fb7bf83e3d66d879f7e3f10381ebea720b60f845a8beaa06",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/7a2f8c32ce0cbfbb.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/7a2f8c32ce0cbfbb.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4d24e80bff4a3a54332cacf32720bee54f1cd2c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/7a2f8c32ce0cbfbb.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 193,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001388,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1232,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A monochrome sketch shows four people in a courtroom-like setting seated at a long bench or desk. From left to right: a person in a chair facing sideways, a second person with a large coat sits next to them, a third person leaning forward, and a fourth person appears to be writing or reading at the front of the desk. They are wearing period-appropriate clothing and some are wearing headphones or earmuffs. In front of them is a raised desk with papers or documents; a small bag or box rests on the floor nearby. Handwritten text at the bottom of the image reads: 'the German defense counsel - they were immediately in front of the defendants -' (though some words are stylized and partially unclear). The overall scene resembles a wartime or legal proceeding with serious, focused expressions and a formal, almost somber atmosphere.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/7a2f8c32ce0cbfbb.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "7a2f8c32ce0cbfbb",
+"sha256": "7a2f8c32ce0cbfbb3aab640c72c38362289062fa469476e1397b2ab278ead3bc",
+"width": 792
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/7c059d3d90c0bbfc.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/7c059d3d90c0bbfc.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5b8c23616cfd5a82be40583b9f0ffd06657b7f16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/7c059d3d90c0bbfc.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 215,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001428,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1136,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A pencil drawing depicting a courtroom or tribunal scene. In the foreground, a soldier in uniform stands with his back to the viewer, holding a baton or baton-like object, facing away from a row of seated defendants. To the left, a standing guard in a helmet and uniform observes the scene. Behind the guard and across a railing, a long row of seated men faces forward, some looking downward, others turning toward the viewer. Several of the seated individuals appear to be men wearing suits or period clothing; a few wear loud expressions or gestures suggesting tension. The perspective from behind the guards suggests the defendants are on an elevated dais or gallery, or perhaps in a courtroom bench. There is handwritten text at the bottom left of the drawing, noting names and a scene description: “Warl criminals trial Nürnberg … 2nd row of defendants.” The overall mood is somber and tense, with emphasis on the soldiers’ presence and the crowd of defendants.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/7c059d3d90c0bbfc.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "7c059d3d90c0bbfc",
+"sha256": "7c059d3d90c0bbfcdaeb567b6cc0270c9cbd8d228e6557f680be9ac9aadc0ae3",
+"width": 708
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/811bc1ac26a8aed1.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/811bc1ac26a8aed1.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..76f5c30c7bd427e33a0047a28137368965b05f72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/811bc1ac26a8aed1.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 147,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001228,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1280,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A large historic stone building with ornate architectural details. It's a three-story structure with arched windows on each level, stone masonry, and decorative trim. The roof is steep with gables, dormers, and a tall chimney. There are multiple arched doorways on the ground floor, with steps leading up to them. In front, trees line the street, and there are a few people walking near the entrance and on the steps. A horse-drawn carriage is visible on the left side along the sidewalk. Overhead, power lines run across the scene. Some small vehicles or pedestrians appear blurred, suggesting movement.",
+"height": 807,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/811bc1ac26a8aed1.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "811bc1ac26a8aed1",
+"sha256": "811bc1ac26a8aed13d1b36a6643bd58d0032ed112c373860edaba8f51808504f",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/815a0926c1639721.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/815a0926c1639721.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f5f1b145d015cef5bf65be8ac65f13745ae4c853
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/815a0926c1639721.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 162,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001192,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1088,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A black-and-white photograph of three judges seated behind a long bench in a courtroom or tribunal. All three men wear dark judicial robes and business attire. From left to right: the first judge wears glasses and sits with his hands resting on papers in front of him, with several microphones and documents on the desk. The second judge sits with hands clasped, facing forward, and has multiple microphones as well. The third judge sits upright, holding a pair of glasses in one hand, with papers and a document on the desk. Behind them is a wall with a large emblem or coat of arms featuring Hebrew text, suggesting the setting is in Israel. The scene conveys a formal judicial proceeding or hearing.",
+"height": 682,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/815a0926c1639721.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "815a0926c1639721",
+"sha256": "815a0926c1639721472fa00729fac07d977b423b1f274ef4f5913888a18df95f",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/82507421566503ed.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/82507421566503ed.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1cbb03e4a1ace85d227e7e0764e2f9748074d732
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/82507421566503ed.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 150,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001168,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
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+"prompt_tokens": 1136,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
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+"height": 714,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/82507421566503ed.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
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+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/842ebce1ca9d9885.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/842ebce1ca9d9885.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..996a404d338b53db6f2e927d244915026613ac36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/842ebce1ca9d9885.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
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+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A screenshot showing a menu or list screen with a header reading 'THE PROVOCATION'. Below it, a highlighted option says 'The Big Lie: The Election Was Stolen'. Other faded options include 'Stop The Steal' and 'Fight Like Hell To Stop The Steal'. At the bottom there is a red text banner reading 'IMPEACHMENT TRIAL'. The overall colors are beige and light brown with shadowed menu bars.",
+"height": 952,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/842ebce1ca9d9885.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "842ebce1ca9d9885",
+"sha256": "842ebce1ca9d98852cfa37d5641ee534bf9574691bf29933a66e55fc6434fe3c",
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+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/85638cb535dd1360.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/85638cb535dd1360.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b62ebe84446c1f4d4167fa541937fc3ba476a2c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/85638cb535dd1360.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
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+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
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+"height": 742,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/85638cb535dd1360.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
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+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/87746a30433f277b.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/87746a30433f277b.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..25a06ab4f350b19b266683aefff5dfb9291b1699
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/87746a30433f277b.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
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+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1184,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A wooden table in a dim room is laden with a rustic display. On the left, a wooden bowl holds red and green apples and pears. In front of the bowl are two sticker-like cutouts of meat. A tall green bottle stands behind the bowl. A white poster or placard with text and a tree-branch illustration rests against a pillar. In the center, a tan ceramic jug or flask sits beside a curved bone-like object and brown eggs. A round wooden bowl contains several long, pale baguette-like loaves with dark stripes and one cut open to reveal its interior. A decorative evergreen garland sprawls across the table. To the right, a white bowl holds a light-colored powder or spread. In the background, a white stone wall and a wooden chair are visible, with a wooden stand and some curved wooden tools leaning upright. Overall, the scene resembles a rustic, festive still life with food, greenery, and period-appropriate props.",
+"height": 768,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/87746a30433f277b.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "87746a30433f277b",
+"sha256": "87746a30433f277bb34cb069a6ba05237410733514a7cfd6604dda5002908434",
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+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/87f648105cb1fafb.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/87f648105cb1fafb.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f7604000a87f7389f3eebeeca46897f9969a0566
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/87f648105cb1fafb.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
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+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1088,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A courtroom or courtroom-like scene with a large audience of people seated in benches and stalls. At the front left, a person stands at a table or podium, possibly testifying or presenting. Several judges or officials sit behind a raised bench in the center-right, with one person standing at a high chair or chair behind a dais. In the foreground, a group of well-dressed men sit at tables, some facing the judge and others looking toward the speaker. A man sits alone at a small desk near the center, appearing to write or read. The room features ornate architectural details with columns and archways, and a crowd fills upper gallery seating along the back. There is legible text on any visible nameplates or documents, though the image is a historical illustration and text is not fully readable.",
+"height": 690,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/87f648105cb1fafb.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "87f648105cb1fafb",
+"sha256": "87f648105cb1fafb77ec2e8448ce817db977fc61045595f1d02e12e4a51a08eb",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/8922f8a103b440d6.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/8922f8a103b440d6.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8e9a2a1bd4e0f01c793830098a0ca834001edc75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/8922f8a103b440d6.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
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+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1088,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "The image shows an ornate architectural doorway with a gray stone facade. Two large carved columns with eagle sculptures perched atop flank the entrance on the left and right sides. Above the doorway is a decorative panel featuring a relief of a horse and rider sprinting toward a rising sun with radiating rays. A window with horizontal blinds sits above the relief, framed by a geometric pattern along the top. The door itself appears to be metallic or framed in metal with a rectangular push bar and glass panels. Overall, the scene is a sculpted, early 20th-century style entrance with heavy ornamental detailing.",
+"height": 700,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/8922f8a103b440d6.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "8922f8a103b440d6",
+"sha256": "8922f8a103b440d67d5a1c83a4bba9e77d48f55b946cc1825a26cf6f0d69020b",
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+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/8ba7d50c86926688.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/8ba7d50c86926688.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..187203ea2ac135e2d3350b837f0120ead269dc0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/8ba7d50c86926688.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
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+"prompt_tokens": 1088,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A formal ceremony in a wood-paneled room. A man in a dark blue suit with a pink tie stands center-left, raising his right hand as if taking an oath. He holds a large book with his left hand. A woman in a light pink or beige blazer and floral dress stands beside him, placing her left hand on the book and looking at him. A man in a black judicial robe or robe on the right holds a piece of paper and faces them, appearing to administer the oath. In the background, a portrait hangs on the wooden wall, and an American flag is partially visible on the far left. A young woman in a white blazer and black dress stands in the back, watching. A clock and a decorative mantle are visible on the wall behind.”} ) } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } }} } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } }",
+"height": 683,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/8ba7d50c86926688.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "8ba7d50c86926688",
+"sha256": "8ba7d50c86926688d367063c04515e87ff4e40f23bc5b433d66493794323a81c",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/9016b890f1421c11.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/9016b890f1421c11.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a0b3e56510d07068d26a19f9c93ac72661a0311f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/9016b890f1421c11.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
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+"prompt_tokens": 944,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A modern, angular building with silver metal panels and large glass windows dominates the scene. The structure features protruding, cantilevered sections and a tall, flat white wall on the right. A long glass atrium or facade runs along the front. People walk along a paved walkway in the foreground, some in groups and others alone, with a low hedge and barren shrubbery lining the path. The sky is blue with a few white clouds. Legible text is not visible in the image.",
+"height": 607,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/9016b890f1421c11.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "9016b890f1421c11",
+"sha256": "9016b890f1421c115c87c17ecde69740c892b198f6d61c66c06d788f3e3e9ea7",
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+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/9031eb943a6d3c05.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/9031eb943a6d3c05.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7c85db7014ca22a958480859a9e105e8cba31024
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/9031eb943a6d3c05.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
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+"cost_usd": 0.00011,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 896,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A formal conference or council chamber with wooden paneled walls and large portraits. In the foreground, several dark green leather chairs around a long wooden table, with microphones and a few documents on the surface. A low, U-shaped dais or seating arrangement runs along the back wall, with more chairs and small flags from various countries placed along the front edge. Behind the dais, tall wood paneling and ornate framing. Three large framed portraits hang on the wall above the paneling: a central, tall portrait flanked by two smaller ones. The left wall features a tall arched window with stone tracery. The overall atmosphere is stately and institutional, suggesting a historic government or university setting.",
+"height": 576,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/9031eb943a6d3c05.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "9031eb943a6d3c05",
+"sha256": "9031eb943a6d3c0526dbc829dc3f4b2e99888336399e741823b4f5d4a9ef1fb8",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/918718fdc0991257.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/918718fdc0991257.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a234a2e54eb7bc39f629a0df43d95606185df978
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/918718fdc0991257.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
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+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1232,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A large, historic assembly hall or courtroom filled with many people. In the foreground, groups of men are seated around curved wooden benches and tables, some standing, others leaning or conversing. A central podium or speaker’s stand is visible on the right with a person addressing the room. Behind the main group, tiered seating and galleries are crowded with spectators, including guards or officials. The left side features a raised dais with more officials or judges, and a decorative structure or altarpiece with a tall vertical element resembling a cross or ceremonial symbol. Large windows with dark drapery flank the scene, and overhead there is a high, expansive ceiling. The room is richly detailed with columns in the mid-background and many people engaged in discussion or listening intently to the proceedings. There is legible text not clearly visible, but no identifiable faces or modern objects are present.",
+"height": 774,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/918718fdc0991257.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "918718fdc0991257",
+"sha256": "918718fdc0991257dee823f0f369878eb83c2acdd44648ed8d5d06af109c8d59",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/93a2ce797336136c.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/93a2ce797336136c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..719a15b7022f3f9aecca23b796c89b4cb4fe4d12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/93a2ce797336136c.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
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+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 944,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "Urban street scene with a wide pedestrian plaza and light-colored buildings on both sides. In the foreground, tram tracks run along a paved street with a lighter center strip. Left side has trees with green leaves and a few people walking or standing, some near a red brick planter area and a cyclist in orange clothing. A few banners hang from lampposts. In the middle distance, a vertical sign on a post reads something like a transit direction, with smaller text below. People are walking along the brick-paved pedestrian area and along the street. On the right, a couple of people sit on benches near a railing in front of a large, pale gray building with classical architectural elements. Overall, it’s a sunny day with a clear blue sky and light traffic; no vehicles are prominently moving in the scene.",
+"height": 595,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/93a2ce797336136c.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "93a2ce797336136c",
+"sha256": "93a2ce797336136c0542e2fd6894a7b2ef46d67ae44ab86585e29df1544746e6",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/93a6b290a65aec3b.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/93a6b290a65aec3b.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1a50ee33e3bf1f3142757fde985e67a7e3d3faa0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/93a6b290a65aec3b.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
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+"prompt_tokens": 1232,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A black-and-white portrait of a middle-aged man with short, slicked-back hair. He is facing forward with a neutral expression. He wears a collared shirt with a dark sweater or vest and a blazer. In front of his chest is a rectangular name placard that reads 'LAERMANN, W.' The background is plain and light. No other objects or people are visible.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/93a6b290a65aec3b.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "93a6b290a65aec3b",
+"sha256": "93a6b290a65aec3b76ee531442c64d919c9fbc1a77ef649e53cb16fe20fa6e55",
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+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/94cbeb20e145b915.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/94cbeb20e145b915.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3ab9b00bf7f285ddb0519b1ddb6248e38472c896
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/94cbeb20e145b915.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
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+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1184,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "The image shows the facade of a brick Federal Building United States Court House. Central entrance features three arched doorways with glass double doors and stone frames. Above the doors, the building has a stone inscription reading 'FEDERAL BUILDING UNITED STATES COURT HOUSE'. There are two circular plaques on the wall between the arches. A short set of stairs with metal handrails leads up to each entrance, and concrete ramps run along both sides. The sidewalk and street are in the foreground. Windows with white frames are visible above and to the sides, and there are red brick walls with light stone trim. No people or vehicles are present.",
+"height": 750,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/94cbeb20e145b915.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "94cbeb20e145b915",
+"sha256": "94cbeb20e145b915dd024c175dbaaccea0279473bd094ee183e599c84498c80a",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/94eddee32da2206c.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/94eddee32da2206c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..98e822205e475d96335ff1286a7b153407908494
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/94eddee32da2206c.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
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+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
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+"prompt_tokens": 1040,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A tall modern high-rise building with a grid of windows dominates the scene. The right side of the building features a glassy façade with many rectangular windows, while the left side has a beige stone exterior with more traditional window patterns. The top of the tower shows a white, curving roof structure with some antennas or equipment. In the foreground, part of another shorter, lighter-colored building with decorative cornices is visible. Trees are at the bottom edge, and a clear blue sky forms the background. No people or vehicles are discernible, and there is no legible text visible.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/94eddee32da2206c.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "94eddee32da2206c",
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+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/9555dec43c6daae7.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/9555dec43c6daae7.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4cb2f3559d3741aa4586165c9ceb3f61313fb832
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/9555dec43c6daae7.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
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+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1040,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "An aerial cityscape along a waterfront. In the foreground a metal bridge crosses a narrow waterway with small boats docked along pilings. A large red brick building with arched entrances sits beside the water, and a yellow-and-red striped awning covers a small area near the bridge. A wide road runs parallel to the water, filled with numerous parked cars and light traffic. A construction crane rises in the distance among mid-rise buildings and additional structures across the water. Across the river, more buildings and a skyline stretch toward the horizon under a clear blue sky with wispy clouds.",
+"height": 648,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/9555dec43c6daae7.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "9555dec43c6daae7",
+"sha256": "9555dec43c6daae76c7c83197b0121cf34906e5860fbf857ae940e8c03efda32",
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+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/967ba52b1bb0afe1.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/967ba52b1bb0afe1.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cd8cbbee3820e54170d214b101ea0caeb5ad9e55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/967ba52b1bb0afe1.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
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+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1280,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A rooftop scene featuring a central beige cupola with arched windows and a dark domed top, topped by a small flagpole with an American flag waving. The roof around the cupola is metallic and gray, with several rectangular chimneys and vent structures. In the background, a tall evergreen tree stands to the right, and a pale sky with scattered clouds fills the scene. A glass pyramid structure and other architectural details are visible at the left edge, suggesting a historic or institutional building.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/967ba52b1bb0afe1.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "967ba52b1bb0afe1",
+"sha256": "967ba52b1bb0afe10ecd466cbd7f36e1f00172bdcb8fc6cc0a17463d1305949c",
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+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/991efba1da19a3a4.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/991efba1da19a3a4.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ac6815b493fad23169ebbb0a0a9b105306f607a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/991efba1da19a3a4.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
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+"cost_usd": 0.0001392,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1136,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A courtroom or legal setting with several people present. In the foreground, a row of wooden chairs and a bright pink/red railing or barrier separates the audience from the front desk. A group of men wearing dark robes or suits, likely judges or lawyers, stand or lean over the barrier, engaged in proceedings. Behind the barrier, a man in a black judicial robe sits or bends over a desk, and two other men (one in a white shirt and another in a light, patterned shirt) stand near a desk or podium with stacks of documents. On the left, a man in a uniform or jacket with red and white stripes stands near a red emblem or ornament attached to the wall. A ceiling fan hangs overhead, and a window or clock is visible in the background. There is no legible text readable in the image due to resolution, though a small sign or clock may be present in the upper-right corner.",
+"height": 731,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/991efba1da19a3a4.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "991efba1da19a3a4",
+"sha256": "991efba1da19a3a4330f8f1ce0babe3ffde66fb03c97bcadbf96499c92d43990",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/9b256bdfeffe7e00.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/9b256bdfeffe7e00.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8dd0d671b2f5bd4249c9c701889b1347a678104f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/9b256bdfeffe7e00.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
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+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 108,
+"cost_usd": 9.04e-05,
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+"max_tokens": 500,
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+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 944,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A marble plaque with gold-lettered text is mounted in a light-colored wooden frame. The plaque is rectangular with two sections of text separated by a vertical line, and it has four small brass screws at the corners. The stone has gray veining. The left section contains lines of Norwegian text; the right section also contains lines of Norwegian text. The overall setting resembles an interior wall or doorway with decorative molding around the plaque.",
+"height": 596,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/9b256bdfeffe7e00.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "9b256bdfeffe7e00",
+"sha256": "9b256bdfeffe7e006a746a4a94380ceaa206085cf04d0bb9fcd23f9bfa039619",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/9b3b95442a5e8112.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/9b3b95442a5e8112.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..066ce71106e58b91d4e193bd19da405554b49f90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/9b3b95442a5e8112.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
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+"cost_usd": 0.0001408,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1136,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A large historic stone and brick building with gothic-roman architectural details. The structure features a round turret with a conical roof on the left, red brick walls with white stone accents, and a tall cylindrical stone tower on the right. A flagpole with an American flag stands in front of the building, near a sidewalk and a manicured lawn. In front of the entrance, there is a large evergreen tree partially obscuring the central doorway. The entrance has an arched doorway with steps and a small lamppost nearby. Windows are varied in shape and size, including round-topped and rectangular designs. A banner or sign is visible on a lamppost near the left side of the image. The sky is clear and blue, suggesting daytime. A few small decorative planters with flowers flank the entrance. Overall, the scene appears to be a public or government building, possibly a historic post office or town hall.",
+"height": 727,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/9b3b95442a5e8112.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "9b3b95442a5e8112",
+"sha256": "9b3b95442a5e81126a02873423e9efa3db4a47b69b6dba73d84f626e1762a1a3",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/9b734fd4db5f1d7a.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/9b734fd4db5f1d7a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2b42caab3cee92cba5eaf4dcd1eadca638a4ac15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/9b734fd4db5f1d7a.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 159,
+"cost_usd": 0.00013,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1328,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A black-and-white photo shows a row of eleven people standing indoors, likely in a formal or military setting. Each person wears a uniform or similar attire and has a rectangular piece of paper or badge hanging from a lanyard around their neck. They stand in a straight line facing forward, with a long table in front of them covered with scattered papers, folders, and small objects. The foreground includes chairs and a large wooden table, while windows and curtains are visible in the background. Some individuals appear to hold items or have hands at their sides. There is legible text on one surface at the bottom right corner of the image that reads a numeric sequence: 290900.",
+"height": 844,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/9b734fd4db5f1d7a.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "9b734fd4db5f1d7a",
+"sha256": "9b734fd4db5f1d7a36f85f31f19e3618cdca58db63ae38c4b1413208dd67d985",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/9cbd38b59285b321.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/9cbd38b59285b321.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ba6780aa9b18bc77e62c5279bd372b18fffa9644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/9cbd38b59285b321.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
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+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1184,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A large courtroom scene filled with a crowded audience. People stand around the perimeter and sit in the gallery above, watching a central event in the lower area. In the middle foreground, a man lies on a table or platform, appearing to be on trial or being examined. A group of officials or judges sits at a long bench or desks toward the back of the central area. Ghostly columns and a balcony with more spectators surround the scene. Some individuals appear to be conversing or watching intently, while others stand shoulder-to-shoulder along the edges. There is a mix of men and a few women in period attire, with many hats and coats suggesting a 19th-century setting. A caption at the bottom reads: 'The trial of John Brown, at Charlestown, Virginia, for treason and murder' (illustrative note). Legible text includes the caption and signs of a courtroom environment, such as chairs, desks, and raised spectator areas.",
+"height": 765,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/9cbd38b59285b321.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "9cbd38b59285b321",
+"sha256": "9cbd38b59285b3215bdf5f4797d854f9890ecebd0906d7ff090bad629316f14f",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/9cd752155f9890c1.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/9cd752155f9890c1.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f1e3f84e474acc9dd37946effde2ce6e676b97f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/9cd752155f9890c1.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
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+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1232,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A tall modern glass building dominates the scene, with a reflective, grid-like facade. The structure has stepped, angular corners and vertical protrusions near the top. In front of the building is a wide sidewalk with stairs and a row of young trees, green grass, and small lampposts. A road runs along the bottom of the image with a single dark car driving by. The sky is blue with white clouds, and surrounding low-rise buildings are visible in the background to the left and right. Some signage and a few pedestrians are faintly visible near the street.",
+"height": 770,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/9cd752155f9890c1.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "9cd752155f9890c1",
+"sha256": "9cd752155f9890c123ca3b2d11abf7dec6d4b6fa7017b6887f04668db26ac40f",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/9f98e6b7cea7dea0.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/9f98e6b7cea7dea0.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c7df3d783157a402591e5b083f6e21fe1245e112
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/9f98e6b7cea7dea0.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
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+"cost_usd": 9.64e-05,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1136,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A grand, curved staircase viewed from above. The stairs are light beige stone with a dark ornate iron railing featuring decorative floral motifs and vertical balusters. A wooden handrail runs along the top of the railing. The staircase spirals downward to a patterned marble floor with geometric shapes in dark and light tones. White walls enclose the space, with soft natural light illuminating the scene.",
+"height": 726,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/9f98e6b7cea7dea0.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "9f98e6b7cea7dea0",
+"sha256": "9f98e6b7cea7dea0f8c59124313ad5245ff8893eca6a8c102cfa5df19e32f096",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/9fa377198d478aa9.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/9fa377198d478aa9.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..137632163cc04448a4209b9b9d581152c8d26e6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/9fa377198d478aa9.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 145,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001124,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1088,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A large wood-paneled conference or courtroom room with multiple long green-topped desks arranged in rows. Each desk has reddish-brown leather chairs with nailhead trim. Small wooden lecterns or podiums sit along the desks, and there are white, carved or sculpted objects (possibly small statues or busts) on some desks. The room has a red carpet and wooden walls, with a set of large windows or glass-paneled doors on the right. In the background, an elevated bench or gallery with red seats is visible. There are no people present, and the overall scene appears orderly and formal.",
+"height": 686,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/9fa377198d478aa9.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "9fa377198d478aa9",
+"sha256": "9fa377198d478aa9938294525d77e049dcabd803209037a208d3f503e03dfb38",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/a0b8da83e6d10abf.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/a0b8da83e6d10abf.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c03e41d344951169a2d7cc4d0f634b0584bb9cdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/a0b8da83e6d10abf.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
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+"completion_tokens": 98,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001032,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1280,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A black-and-white photograph of a man with short, combed-back hair and a serious expression. He is wearing a dark blazer over a light collared shirt. The photo shows a card or sign resting on his chest with the handwritten text 'Bartels, Fritz' visible. The background is plain and light-colored. No other objects or people are present in the frame.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/a0b8da83e6d10abf.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "a0b8da83e6d10abf",
+"sha256": "a0b8da83e6d10abfeda12bd6b7c8f4cab004f5c11908e69b9fa7fce9ef6697a5",
+"width": 831
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/a54d8934bb780365.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/a54d8934bb780365.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5acb1f7cf49b4e92a02b0cac10f9fbe32fa31afa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/a54d8934bb780365.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
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+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 164,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001248,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1184,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A public protest scene outdoors with a man at a podium speaking into multiple microphones. He wears a dark coat and glasses. Surrounding him are several people holding signs with messages such as '#ProtectMyVote' and 'Protect My Vote'. Some signs are blue with white text; others are white with handwritten text. In the background, there is a large stone building to the right and a white balustrade with decorative openings. A person holds a larger sign partially reading 'End Vote Suppression Now' on the right. There are leafless trees and a cloudy sky, suggesting a cold day. The crowd appears focused on the speaker, with a mix of adults and children dressed in winter clothing.",
+"height": 768,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/a54d8934bb780365.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "a54d8934bb780365",
+"sha256": "a54d8934bb780365a484657e860f1b5dbb361b705057c8bf37311bf5ef289dbb",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/a5a093bcd4cac43f.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/a5a093bcd4cac43f.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7167f76f08a81cb62ade9ca3a7850a8d24df1acb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/a5a093bcd4cac43f.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
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+"completion_tokens": 198,
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+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1232,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A line drawing of a formal dining or meeting room. In the foreground on the right, a man in a suit stands with one hand on his hip and the other raised as if making a point or giving a signal. To his left, a seated woman in a dark dress sits in a high-backed chair, facing slightly toward the center. Behind her, two uniformed attendants or guards stand at attention. Several other men in hats sit at tables along the left side of the room, some turned toward each other as if in conversation. Additional attendees are visible in the background near the windows and drapes. The room has draped curtains, wall sconces or decorative frames on the walls, and a patterned floor. There is legible text not present; the scene appears to portray a formal gathering or courtroom-like setting with a focus on the standing speaker and the seated woman.",
+"height": 785,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/a5a093bcd4cac43f.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "a5a093bcd4cac43f",
+"sha256": "a5a093bcd4cac43f9e4d7a6fe12a591fe6ee2c11f35ef0f58fdc1bd972376605",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/a6b4c09c70c23cfc.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/a6b4c09c70c23cfc.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a3897a23fbf8af0d4d3320f0d7e2e174b35ab238
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/a6b4c09c70c23cfc.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 124,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001088,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1184,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A grand neoclassical building with a triangular pediment and a row of tall fluted columns supporting the facade. In front of the entrance sits a large marble statue of a seated figure holding a staff or scepter, on a tall rectangular pedestal. The structure is made of white marble, with wide steps leading up to the entrance and a decorative railing along the side. The sky is clear and blue, providing a strong contrast to the light stone. Legible text is not clearly readable in the image.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/a6b4c09c70c23cfc.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "a6b4c09c70c23cfc",
+"sha256": "a6b4c09c70c23cfc8762a68029c13b26db7b1c6e3fc3aa8d30e07b93a6378ff2",
+"width": 768
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/a8c6bf218c35cd46.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/a8c6bf218c35cd46.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2764f06b520214d27148e34098a91ae3193f74e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/a8c6bf218c35cd46.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 168,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001216,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1088,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A formal event or speech in a large room with gold curtains. In the foreground left, a person with light-colored hair in a dark suit stands at a podium facing away from the camera. Center-right, a man in a dark suit with a light yellow tie stands and points his finger forward, smiling. Several men in suits sit and applaud in the front row, including an older man with white hair and glasses. The audience behind them is seated and standing, many holding cameras or recording devices. Numerous photographers and videographers with professional cameras and bright lights are visible in the back, capturing the moment. A large framed portrait hangs on the wall to the right. Legible text is not clearly visible in the image.",
+"height": 682,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/a8c6bf218c35cd46.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "a8c6bf218c35cd46",
+"sha256": "a8c6bf218c35cd4669a6fc0aebf1946475f5a42232991bba2f17d0e289796d7b",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/a8eda1393d498cb7.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/a8eda1393d498cb7.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fe558f5148860c4a7e6967d5fdcc805acfd1fc4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/a8eda1393d498cb7.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 146,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001368,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1568,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A large ornate multi-story building with a domed roof dominates the center of a bustling street scene. The building features arches and rows of windows, with decorative stonework and a spire atop the dome. On the street in front, numerous horse-drawn carriages, carriages with drivers, and early motor vehicles fill the road, along with pedestrians. To the left, a tree-lined wall and foliage frame the scene. Farther down the street there are additional buildings, including a church steeple visible in the distance. The overall scene conveys a busy urban square or boulevard with heavy traffic and architectural detail.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/a8eda1393d498cb7.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "a8eda1393d498cb7",
+"sha256": "a8eda1393d498cb764cc66b97f748fb84b18887e79d4564743405abf65775b3a",
+"width": 1021
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/ae49cefa9191afd1.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/ae49cefa9191afd1.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b6fed366b5f18027ba219cffae145de01f031cf4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/ae49cefa9191afd1.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 165,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001372,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1424,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A multi-level modern office interior with a large open atrium. Foreground shows a dark tiled floor, a black bench along the right wall, and a white cylindrical column on the right. In the middle, a wooden wall mural depicts several people engaged in desk work or activities at a workstation with chairs and stools. Behind the mural are glass-walled office spaces on three levels with warm lighting. Each level features glass railings and office furniture, including a prominent large black office chair on the middle level. At the top level, three people sit or stand near the glass railing, visible through the glass. Overall, the scene features people, workstations, office chairs, glass partitions, and soft warm lighting.",
+"height": 922,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/ae49cefa9191afd1.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "ae49cefa9191afd1",
+"sha256": "ae49cefa9191afd15793755a8f58335171d4551f34345fc58771468fd5615d9a",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/b050bcb5f856a8bc.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/b050bcb5f856a8bc.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ec59393af31dbb492ebb0b2615f3b3cbc0affab2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/b050bcb5f856a8bc.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 133,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001076,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1088,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A large classical-style building dominates the scene. It has two or three stories with row after row of tall rectangular windows, and a prominent central section featuring columns and a triangular pediment. A wide staircase leads up to arched entryways on the ground floor. In front of the building, a fenced area and a sidewalk run parallel to a busy street lined with vintage cars (early 20th century). People are not clearly visible, but several automobiles are parked and moving along the street. The image is black-and-white, suggesting an old photograph.",
+"height": 684,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/b050bcb5f856a8bc.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "b050bcb5f856a8bc",
+"sha256": "b050bcb5f856a8bc9345db185ae1cbd9fd0eee52d1ce9f9881173079fea72d66",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/b1996e34c32a1bea.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/b1996e34c32a1bea.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f823e7dd977d95b0cb10f03813d8ede79016cb70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/b1996e34c32a1bea.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 113,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001068,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1232,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "Two large metallic, rectangular arch-like structures rise from the ground, tilting toward each other. They consist of vertical and horizontal beams forming ladder-like frames on the left, and tall, flat, rectangular bars on the right arranged in a staggered, branching pattern. The metal surfaces are light-colored, reflecting sunlight. The background shows a clear blue sky with a hint of green trees at the bottom edge. No people or legible text are visible.",
+"height": 769,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/b1996e34c32a1bea.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "b1996e34c32a1bea",
+"sha256": "b1996e34c32a1bea56a9358457b29169615db4c0a2b8436793fa6546f42d6ca4",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/b232f2ce0064dfdc.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/b232f2ce0064dfdc.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4c86b1894bd4f38fcea3e0824ccb95045a47962d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/b232f2ce0064dfdc.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 132,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001096,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1136,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "Two women standing outdoors in front of a large government/building with tall columns. The woman on the right is wearing a dark dress or suit and a necklace; she has short dark hair and is smiling. The woman on the left has short hair, wears a patterned dress, and is slightly behind the other woman. They are holding a large circular sign that reads 'KEEP ABORTION LEGAL' in bold letters. There are a few other people in the background and wide steps leading up to the building. The image is black-and-white.",
+"height": 713,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/b232f2ce0064dfdc.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "b232f2ce0064dfdc",
+"sha256": "b232f2ce0064dfdc1acaa627582acd1bf255db4f184be05ab32208089a95cb06",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/b447d8a8af11ed2c.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/b447d8a8af11ed2c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..faa96d9e334929c1bd541728bb36e44588f934ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/b447d8a8af11ed2c.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 140,
+"cost_usd": 9.12e-05,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 704,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A large crowd of people gathered in a city plaza in front of a large neoclassical building with tall columns. Protesters hold numerous colorful flags (red, blue, yellow) and several signs and banners. Some signs contain text, including phrases like 'Supreme Court' and 'United States of America' visible among the crowd. People are walking, standing, and mingling; there is a statue on the left side of the building and a few trees and traffic lights in the foreground. Overall, it appears to be a peaceful protest or rally with a diverse group of participants.",
+"height": 430,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/b447d8a8af11ed2c.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "b447d8a8af11ed2c",
+"sha256": "b447d8a8af11ed2cd925a9bd128670d3ff93859250fe70e0d076e12d235f6102",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/b576411435027729.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/b576411435027729.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0ce4a60bc3dd9f6834a414158198655f0f67fdc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/b576411435027729.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 134,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001128,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1184,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A night scene in front of a large neoclassical building with tall columns and a triangular pediment. A group of people stands in the foreground, some facing away from the camera, wearing casual clothes including a red shirt, a black jacket, and a green patterned dress. To the left, a colorful food or souvenir stall with bright signage and images is visible. An American flag hangs from a pole near the building. Bright streetlights illuminate the area, casting light on the people and trees. The background shows more park-like space and additional figures walking.\"",
+"height": 768,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/b576411435027729.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "b576411435027729",
+"sha256": "b5764114350277296491ae6c00b046873ca388b8c2fc4e966f9b60a695a54f9d",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/b5c0949479348a62.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/b5c0949479348a62.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d6307ac38940c07b925a63f4b284f63055520172
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/b5c0949479348a62.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 170,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001272,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1184,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A two-story brick building with a classical design sits on a street corner. The facade features tall, arched windows on the ground floor and rectangular windows on the upper floor, with light-colored stone trim and a cornice along the roofline. An American flag is mounted on a flagpole atop the building. The street in front has a few trees, a lamppost, and a curb with a crosswalk. There are stairs and a small metal railing leading to the main entrance, which has double doors and a decorative transom window. Shrubs and neatly trimmed greenery line the base of the building, and a few benches or low railings are near the entrance. The sky is partly cloudy with patches of blue.",
+"height": 768,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/b5c0949479348a62.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "b5c0949479348a62",
+"sha256": "b5c0949479348a626122ea94aa1c7aa09e5171a05d94301c03ee3a12d91ec29e",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/b63eaab21d1fd5a9.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/b63eaab21d1fd5a9.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6706e69590ff677e567fe968f126f002fa0936c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/b63eaab21d1fd5a9.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 112,
+"cost_usd": 0.000104,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1184,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A close-up side profile of a middle-aged woman with short black hair. She is wearing a purple textured blouse and small round pearl earrings. Her eyes are closed or pressed shut, and her facial expression suggests she might be speaking or reacting to something. In the background, partly obscured, there is a man wearing a dark suit. A sign with blue and white elements is visible behind her. The lighting is bright, suggesting an outdoor setting.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/b63eaab21d1fd5a9.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "b63eaab21d1fd5a9",
+"sha256": "b63eaab21d1fd5a99129f2ebc8b3017cc23572393c7387ddd18093e1f31f3783",
+"width": 767
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/b833954c2d929dcb.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/b833954c2d929dcb.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c5dbfbe35b87d79bedfad47321f3089091f374aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/b833954c2d929dcb.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 222,
+"cost_usd": 0.00016,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1424,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A pencil sketch depicting several men in a courtroom or lecture setting. Central figure: a man in a suit standing or leaning forward, with a serious profile, holding a rectangular object (perhaps a book or document). To his left (viewer’s right) a man wearing a tall hat resembles a cap or crown-like hat; he sits or leans over a bench. In the foreground, at lower left, a man sits facing left, with short hair; his head is turned slightly downward. In the background on the right, a few more faces are visible, some peering over the edge of a barrier or bench; one head is more prominent with a neutral expression. A floating head in the upper left corner shows a detached face, looking downward. Overall, the scene suggests a group of men listening or observing, with minimal shading and loose, sketchy lines. There is legible text or small rectangular shapes: two small rectangular blocks near the central figure’s hand, possibly notes or cards.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/b833954c2d929dcb.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "b833954c2d929dcb",
+"sha256": "b833954c2d929dcb72d3a7ab09ca417e79f93d31b0994be17abf8831479b58dc",
+"width": 910
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/b9d6237497e71cb0.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/b9d6237497e71cb0.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ed30ba19acd09b34320efd273e4a483be1821cd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/b9d6237497e71cb0.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 197,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001404,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1232,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A two-story red brick building with classical architectural elements sits behind two large green trees on either side. The central entrance has a white door with steps leading up, flanked by railings. Above the door is a tall arched window, and a small triangular pediment crowns the façade. The building has multiple rectangular windows, and a stone or concrete lintel above the central first-floor windows. A white sign or inscription runs along the top of the second story facade. The street in front shows a sidewalk and a curb, with some grass and small shrubs near the building. The sky is partly cloudy with patches of blue, suggesting daytime. There are no people visible, but the scene resembles a small-town public building, possibly a post office or government office. Text on the sign is partially legible, with words like “POST OFFICE” appearing across the upper façade.",
+"height": 770,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/b9d6237497e71cb0.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "b9d6237497e71cb0",
+"sha256": "b9d6237497e71cb0d7ca54946dd936fe20dc8f2f02aeb8b0dd98f3447f1c4e65",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/bafdd6fadc4002c7.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/bafdd6fadc4002c7.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d80ddcc0f33c8df9c2c58a22765628e57b4469e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/bafdd6fadc4002c7.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 85,
+"cost_usd": 9.08e-05,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1136,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A gray domed cupola sits atop a classical building, with arched windows and decorative balustrades. An American flag flutters on a tall flagpole at the dome’s peak against a clear blue sky. The architecture features decorative cornices and a dome with segmented metal panels. No people are visible.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/bafdd6fadc4002c7.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "bafdd6fadc4002c7",
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+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/bbf0c1dc3b737286.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/bbf0c1dc3b737286.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7e6acda1458a405d27b65be3357e1313f55b278a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/bbf0c1dc3b737286.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 121,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001028,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1088,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A modern glass building with a curved, metallic entrance canopy. The facade features large windows with metal framing and diagonal cross-bracing patterns. In front is a circular, glass-walled entrance area with tall glass doors and panels. A green lawn and trimmed bushes line the base, with a tree on the right side. The scene is daytime with natural light reflecting off the glass and metal surfaces. No people are clearly visible inside, though faint silhouettes and interior objects can be seen through the glass.",
+"height": 677,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/bbf0c1dc3b737286.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "bbf0c1dc3b737286",
+"sha256": "bbf0c1dc3b7372860342961b02a154fa9ffcebd36d684a4ed090fcaa1a6eb1e6",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/bc0bee92f1db081c.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/bc0bee92f1db081c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..25b9fe47e84ac8fa673ce5f88ef4273c7774e3c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/bc0bee92f1db081c.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 114,
+"cost_usd": 8.56e-05,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 800,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A grayscale outdoor scene featuring a modern, low-lying building with a flat, rectangular facade in the center. A paved walkway with low concrete walls runs straight toward the building, flanked by bare trees on both sides. Several street lamps line the path and a few more trees are grouped near the right side. The background shows a gradient sky, suggesting either dawn or dusk. No people are visible, and there is no legible text in the image.",
+"height": 495,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/bc0bee92f1db081c.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "bc0bee92f1db081c",
+"sha256": "bc0bee92f1db081c77e0a213361ecce5c3c71c6a8045f269a2512ca93d7984ed",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/bd8cc430b4df06a5.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/bd8cc430b4df06a5.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f687fb4fb39d6c6485f8c2d3f93132fb25764ba5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/bd8cc430b4df06a5.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 194,
+"cost_usd": 0.000132,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1088,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A courtroom or formal judging chamber. Central wooden judge’s bench with dark wood, high back chair, and arched panel design sits on a small platform. To its left is a smaller wooden desk or podium, also dark wood. Behind the judge’s bench, a wall with light patterned wallpaper features framed portraits and a cabinet with shelves. An American flag stands to the left of the main bench; a blue flag stands to the right. On the right wall, there is a large framed landscape painting. A glass display case with documents and items is along the right side of the room, paired with a long table or railing containing more documents and displays. The floor is light wood, and the room is well-lit, with a door on the left side and several small wall fixtures. Text is minimal, with a small label visible on the left door frame.",
+"height": 682,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/bd8cc430b4df06a5.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "bd8cc430b4df06a5",
+"sha256": "bd8cc430b4df06a5fdb226c52c955c3fa782c66621ebcce42abbe4f74905c9e6",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/bdab8e37b94ff7b6.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/bdab8e37b94ff7b6.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2d62d0a201690aa050eceb5863880ab79e798906
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/bdab8e37b94ff7b6.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 230,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001608,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1376,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A crowded courtroom or hearing room with many men in 19th-century attire. In the foreground, several men stand around a raised wooden desk or bench; one man with glasses and a beard is speaking with an expressive gesture, raising his right hand, while another man on the right leans on the desk with a cane or staff. A man behind the speaker appears seated, and several others stand or sit nearby, some with serious or contemplative expressions. In the background, a large audience fills the room; many men are standing or looking toward the front, some gesturing or conversing. The room features ornate architectural details: decorative wall panels, columns with capitals, and a patterned frieze near the ceiling. There is legible text at the bottom of the image, likely a caption from a newspaper engraving, describing the scene as the impeachment trial in Washington, D.C., around 1868. The overall mood is formal and tense, with a sense of debate or argument taking place in a grand courtroom setting.",
+"height": 870,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/bdab8e37b94ff7b6.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "bdab8e37b94ff7b6",
+"sha256": "bdab8e37b94ff7b669cedf4cb1ac0e3b6ba4191be31427bb25a2bd056c2c2943",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/bf8182294470736a.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/bf8182294470736a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b627ff82c733507e10a917a721fb5d4a0679cc36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/bf8182294470736a.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 275,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001836,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1472,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A courtroom or congressional-style bench filled with a row of men leaning on a railing, some gesturing or looking weary. In the foreground, a man holds a pitchfork-like tool and leans forward with a grim expression. To the far right, a bearded man reclines with a book labeled something like “Stewart” or “Goldsmith” nearby. Hanging behind them is a shield or banner with the word “BUNCO” and a winged emblem, suggesting fraud. Above the bench, busts of figures line the wall, with labels such as “Fisher,” “Spies,” and other names. On the left, a decaying, stacked pile of papers and a book labeled “Constitution of the United States” lies on the floor. The scene implies a mock trial or investigation into popular or populist movements, as indicated by the caption at the bottom: “On a Populistic Basis. A Forecast of the Consequence of a Popocratic Victory to the Supreme Court of the United States.” The overall mood is satirical and critical, depicting agitation, distrust, and collapse of authority. Legible text includes “BUNCO” on the shield and labels above the busts, as well as the bottom caption.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/bf8182294470736a.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "bf8182294470736a",
+"sha256": "bf8182294470736a1d56cb2edd81e6edb756cbbe36f83327b96c09953d081f4c",
+"width": 934
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/c0a719725c4ce8fd.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/c0a719725c4ce8fd.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9914de1b31028f311323e1dc18c8970e8484241b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/c0a719725c4ce8fd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
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+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1472,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "The image shows a close-up of a gray stone wall featuring two vertical decorative columns. Each column has a large floral motif at the top—a four-polded, circular-centered flower—followed by a repeating geometric leaf pattern arranged in a downward, symmetrical braid. The design is carved into the stone, with subtle shadows emphasizing the relief. The surrounding wall consists of rectangular stone blocks with visible grout lines. There are no people or movable objects, and no legible text is present.",
+"height": 954,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/c0a719725c4ce8fd.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "c0a719725c4ce8fd",
+"sha256": "c0a719725c4ce8fd486656c8ef14b0d17a706207882eebe311c1fdf3be86edb8",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/c3f4f6e356615803.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/c3f4f6e356615803.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..270d1786bb0712871e995fd5e26526bddb150d8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/c3f4f6e356615803.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
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+"cache_hit": false,
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+"cost_usd": 0.000104,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1088,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "Three men in suits stand in front of a large neoclassical government building with tall columns. The man in the center is speaking into multiple microphones, gesturing with his right hand. The man on the left wears glasses and looks slightly to his right, while the man on the right has a neutral expression. Behind them are several people, a flagpole with a waving American flag, and a clear sky. The scene appears to be a press conference or public speech outside a courthouse or capitol building.",
+"height": 682,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/c3f4f6e356615803.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "c3f4f6e356615803",
+"sha256": "c3f4f6e356615803e0f54917bbc20db685243ddd144c67b5ac1277c8a9aabf02",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/c5713b59c4cc8a05.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/c5713b59c4cc8a05.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b96c6338eaf5d4f8cc0ff9ce7f00f9dd1635cfce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/c5713b59c4cc8a05.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 207,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001468,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1280,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A large early-20th-century stone office building dominates the scene, with multiple evenly spaced vertical windows on each floor. The main entrance is centered on the front with a short flight of steps and a small set of railings. A curved low wall and a circular driveway surround the building’s front corner. Several vintage cars are parked along the street and some are driving by on a sloped road. People stand near the entrance and on the steps. A tall street lamp posts up in front of the building, and an angled utility pole or crane arm extends diagonally across the left foreground. In the background, additional multi-story buildings and a distinctive clock tower with a domed top are visible. The overall scene appears to be a city street circa the 1920s or 1930s. There is legible text on the front of the building, though it is small and not completely clear in the image. ",
+"height": 827,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/c5713b59c4cc8a05.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "c5713b59c4cc8a05",
+"sha256": "c5713b59c4cc8a05b37560a407cb1fd583ec3c40af93aee61764ce7a69748b16",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/c689cc47af7164e3.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/c689cc47af7164e3.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cd47068eac60d9b3f67c53da3526138bfde2fcf9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/c689cc47af7164e3.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 125,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001044,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1088,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A dark room with a green-draped table holding vintage writing items. On the left sits a black antique wooden box or chest. In front of it is a small ink tray with two white quills, one angled upward. A folded white sheet or parchment rests beside the tray. To the right, a lit white candle in a black holder stands near a stack of two old hardcover books. Behind the candle is a wooden dining chair with a tall back. The wall behind shows paneling and warm lighting.",
+"height": 682,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/c689cc47af7164e3.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "c689cc47af7164e3",
+"sha256": "c689cc47af7164e3f192cefc5c59cd2fb367039ccb7369a2ca403aa695e80a0c",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/c6cafafd04f1bad6.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/c6cafafd04f1bad6.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f55a6ebcda87d5ad349ef744ab0cee0771ea4580
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/c6cafafd04f1bad6.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 153,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001156,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1088,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A large classical-style government building, likely a post office and court house, made of light stone. It has tall vertical columns at the front with arched entry doors and multiple windows. A flagpole with an American flag stands in front of the central columns. The building sits on a slight rise with stairs leading up to the entrance. In the foreground, there are parked vehicles including a red pickup, a white pickup, and some yellow posts along the street. Trees and shrubs frame the scene, and a clear blue sky occupies the background. Legible text on the building reads 'UNITED STATES POST OFFICE AND COURT HOUSE' near the top.”",
+"height": 682,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/c6cafafd04f1bad6.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "c6cafafd04f1bad6",
+"sha256": "c6cafafd04f1bad67f5f1d8d2fd3b2b04417990a58c72fab074b9959e3f15331",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/c7a5c88b12598be1.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/c7a5c88b12598be1.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..563533f3ab9b3890b3babf23088e28538407ca1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/c7a5c88b12598be1.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 125,
+"cost_usd": 0.000114,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1280,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A wide river in the foreground with a small tree and some vegetation on the left bank. Across the water sits a cluster of buildings, including a brick multi-story structure with a blue-green dome on top and several rectangular windows. A low, light-colored bridge is visible to the left, spanning the river. The sky is mostly clear with a few fluffy white clouds and a soft gradient from light to deeper blue. There are some trees along the far shoreline and a few cars or structures faintly visible near the buildings.",
+"height": 820,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/c7a5c88b12598be1.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "c7a5c88b12598be1",
+"sha256": "c7a5c88b12598be14f63c80f88db420394320b82e33a4d1466a5a36eeac5a5d4",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/cb9a0597fee20b7e.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/cb9a0597fee20b7e.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..492e63a98ea586347c154181c0c820cd9d84f192
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/cb9a0597fee20b7e.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 105,
+"cost_usd": 9.64e-05,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1088,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A modern indoor hallway with light-colored tiled floor and white walls. Large cylindrical metallic columns line the left side, supporting a high ceiling. Recessed ceiling lights are visible. At the far end, double doors feature colorful artwork or a mural in blue, red, and yellow tones. Natural light streams in from the right, creating bright rectangular patches on the floor. The space appears empty with no people present.",
+"height": 682,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/cb9a0597fee20b7e.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "cb9a0597fee20b7e",
+"sha256": "cb9a0597fee20b7ebb4dc41c4edf5dc3391ca16c46b52ef0e7411a2c817358a2",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/cc723923ab6802d0.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/cc723923ab6802d0.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ae626a87a78c6c45e586cc67e26fc5d78675d38b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/cc723923ab6802d0.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
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+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 118,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001064,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1184,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A large classical white building with a row of tall columns supporting a triangular pediment. The structure resembles a temple or courthouse with ornate friezes and intricate carvings on the pediment. There is a wide staircase and a statue or sculpture at the base near the columns. The building sits above a low landscaped hedge of dark green bushes in the foreground. A tall street lamp is visible on the right side of the image. The sky is blue with a few white clouds.",
+"height": 768,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/cc723923ab6802d0.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "cc723923ab6802d0",
+"sha256": "cc723923ab6802d0f64712c285c4ddf740c92113b9b1ba4e2be569d77e82cbda",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/cd01b49653a5d3b1.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/cd01b49653a5d3b1.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fc2691330cd24dcbefa7a71873be56cfe3bd3fd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/cd01b49653a5d3b1.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 153,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001204,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1184,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "An ornate interior ceiling with a circular stained glass dome at the top, divided into four segments by wooden ribs. The dome has decorative patterns and yellow, red, and green panes. Surrounding the dome is a richly decorated arch with intricate carvings. The sloped ceiling panels feature red and gold ornamental motifs and mosaicked patterns. On the left and right sides, there are faded, decorative wall paintings or emblems. In the lower right, part of a large arched window or glass partition with wooden framing and reflections. Overall, the scene shows a historic, richly decorated architectural interior, likely a church or cathedral interior, with no people visible.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/cd01b49653a5d3b1.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "cd01b49653a5d3b1",
+"sha256": "cd01b49653a5d3b119910b6d57b17bbbaa9ef42c8e8aad1d01753694c82b020f",
+"width": 765
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/cdc58d13f5d32109.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/cdc58d13f5d32109.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..388a5561897b9f9b045fbd378037d3d22762434d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/cdc58d13f5d32109.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 204,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001456,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1280,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A large brick institutional building sits at a street corner. The structure is rectangular with tall vertical windows arranged in evenly spaced bays on two visible facades. The exterior is plain brick with minimal decorative elements. In front, a curved curb lines a cobblestone street. A vintage car is parked near the curb on the left side, and a few people are walking nearby. A tall street lamp with multiple globes stands in the foreground, and a slender vertical sign or pole is adjacent to it. In the distance, street signs and a small signboard are visible. The sky is overcast with light clouds, and a church steeple or tower is faintly visible in the background to the right. There is a low retaining wall or raised base along the building foundation. Overall, the scene appears to be a mid-20th-century urban intersection surrounding a substantial brick municipal or institutional building.",
+"height": 804,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/cdc58d13f5d32109.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "cdc58d13f5d32109",
+"sha256": "cdc58d13f5d321096a6d1121d2ffbb48202485ecd947422f7e8c26e066bacc2e",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/ce3af96ddacc5909.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/ce3af96ddacc5909.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8e390e4ba2b212ff066f834c9aabc1ca084768e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/ce3af96ddacc5909.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 142,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001088,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1040,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A red brick government building with white decorative columns and trim sits in the center. A green roof runs along the top, and a flagpole with an American flag is raised in front of the entrance. The façade features tall white columns and large windows. In front of the building, a row of vintage dark-colored cars from an earlier era is parked along a low black metal fence. A tree with green leaves is on the left, casting shade, and a lamppost stands near the left side. The sky is blue with scattered white clouds, and a distant building is visible on the right.",
+"height": 665,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/ce3af96ddacc5909.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "ce3af96ddacc5909",
+"sha256": "ce3af96ddacc590901a03d18572a8adaac5fc56b403f8b4af92a194e529ad9a0",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/cf79845168282cc5.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/cf79845168282cc5.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a8cdb894eb6ec769371efdf4dae1e96fdd9bd448
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/cf79845168282cc5.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 137,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001068,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1040,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "The image shows an art gallery wall with three framed paintings hung in a row. From left to right: a large painting of an industrial scene with silos, buildings, and a boat/structure along a waterfront; a smaller central piece depicting a harbor or dockyard with cranes and ships in muted colors; and a third painting on the right portraying a rural scene with trees, a small building, and a stone structure or wall. Each painting has a caption plaque beneath it. The wall is light-colored with vertical panels, and a thin baseboard runs along the bottom.",
+"height": 661,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/cf79845168282cc5.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "cf79845168282cc5",
+"sha256": "cf79845168282cc57646b8601027ec87e356bf9f4a4312272fa2c8f6ae036515",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/d003dbd6b9f52ef3.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/d003dbd6b9f52ef3.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..db126517e364430b2450a24056876215de30c4e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/d003dbd6b9f52ef3.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 119,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001116,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1280,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A large historic two-story gebouw with a central portico and columns, topped by a cupola with a weather vane. The facade features arched ground-floor windows and rectangular windows above. An American flag hangs from the balcony under the portico. In front, there is a row of parked vintage cars along the curb and a landscaped area with hedges and low bushes. A bench is visible in the foreground on the left. The sky is partly cloudy, suggesting a sunny day.",
+"height": 822,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/d003dbd6b9f52ef3.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "d003dbd6b9f52ef3",
+"sha256": "d003dbd6b9f52ef36ed1bf077d128a5b14cf9e09d26a500cc34b0d21eecf62fe",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/d048402ce81d063a.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/d048402ce81d063a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..16e25d61ddf903e8387416303d87bfce742697e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/d048402ce81d063a.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 168,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001288,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1232,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A line of women seated side by side, dressed in early 20th-century fashion with elaborate hats and high collars. They appear to be on a boat or in a carriage, facing to the right. Some wear large, decorative hats with veils or ribbons; others have distinctive hairstyles. The women in the front row hold handbags or small purses, and one or two are clasping hands or resting their arms on their laps. The outfits feature long skirts, fitted bodices, and various textures, including stripes and solid blacks. The overall scene suggests a social outing or gathering, with the women posed and looking toward something out of frame to the right. There is little to no legible text visible in the image.",
+"height": 800,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/d048402ce81d063a.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "d048402ce81d063a",
+"sha256": "d048402ce81d063a891d97045015819bf4244f7dc9e4c3fb70df37cb09014eaf",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/d126e88ee1d592ae.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/d126e88ee1d592ae.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b9372f809fda604b084733c9277aec45c07f58ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/d126e88ee1d592ae.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 188,
+"cost_usd": 0.00012,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 896,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A colorful, folk-art style village scene filled with many people engaged in various activities. Central area shows groups of men, women, and children conversing, dancing, and tending plants. Some figures are playing musical instruments or carrying baskets. There are several houses and buildings with sloped roofs, including a small church-like structure on the left and a house with solar panels on the roof near the center-right. A horse-drawn wagon and a few animals are visible among trees, bushes, and flowering plants throughout the landscape. Workers are shown harvesting crops, pruning trees, and building brick structures. In the foreground, people are standing around a brickwork project and a carpenter’s setup with tools. Text is not legible in the scene. Overall, the image depicts a bustling rural or agricultural community engaged in daily life and celebration.",
+"height": 554,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/d126e88ee1d592ae.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "d126e88ee1d592ae",
+"sha256": "d126e88ee1d592aefb5f42853535a4a0d72534de457799d22cd3981d16a5b302",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/d47a9e26986443cf.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/d47a9e26986443cf.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7e36ce3bb6fd4e3d40713fff4a227e4691b59b6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/d47a9e26986443cf.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 149,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001068,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 944,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "An interior scene featuring a decorative wooden panel door or shutter with vertical slats. In the center is a metal shield-shaped emblem or plaque with a horizontal bar and three stars along the top; the shield is symmetric with a curved bottom edge. Above the panel, there is a window with horizontal blinds and a thin string hanging down on both sides, likely to raise/lower the blinds. The frame around the panel has layered rectangular molding. At the bottom, there is a lattice or decorative cutout trim with X-shaped and scalloped patterns. The overall color tone is sepia/aged yellow, giving a vintage appearance.",
+"height": 602,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/d47a9e26986443cf.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "d47a9e26986443cf",
+"sha256": "d47a9e26986443cf808cc853ff35e5a8e3e8243062c11d133b0148b4e64736c2",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/d52a81a75863eef4.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/d52a81a75863eef4.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bbd5a117af1d05c37dd2c3efdc5b2a83ca2a3941
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/d52a81a75863eef4.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 161,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001188,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1088,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "An urban street scene with a large classical-style stone building on the right featuring tall columns and decorative details. In the foreground, there are orange and white road construction barriers labeled 'ROAD CLOSED' and orange traffic cones. A few green trees line the sidewalk, providing some shade. Overhead, there are tram or trolley lines supported by tall black poles. A traffic light is visible, with a small sign reading 'MARKET' near it. A person wearing a teal shirt and dark pants stands on the sidewalk near a small colorful kiosk or newsstand on the right. A dark car is parked along the curb. In the background, multi-story red brick buildings are partially visible behind the trees.",
+"height": 682,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/d52a81a75863eef4.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "d52a81a75863eef4",
+"sha256": "d52a81a75863eef4ca41d4eb8529a42ac7d221b1fd573ba8340a8e4af1224620",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/d8858374965eec69.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/d8858374965eec69.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2c6e1d7ff2a8752a8333a41cd9f401d70efe72ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/d8858374965eec69.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 134,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001152,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1232,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A city street scene featuring a tall, pale beige skyscraper with a rounded, dome-like top in the center. The building has multiple vertical windows arranged in a grid pattern, with lighter vertical strips running down its middle. In the foreground, dark silhouettes of people are visible, some appearing to walk or stand by a sidewalk. On the left, other modern buildings and a tree are present, while a blue sky provides a clear backdrop. At street level, there are streetlights, traffic signals, and small figures of pedestrians, suggesting a busy urban area.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/d8858374965eec69.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "d8858374965eec69",
+"sha256": "d8858374965eec693871ca415f037f9f0ab21d23d28848b3127b6b03ea07ab05",
+"width": 796
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/dbe836efc0c810bc.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/dbe836efc0c810bc.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fa527baacff8971b783857f8562f04d38b7a5f30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/dbe836efc0c810bc.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 170,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001344,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1328,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "The image shows an indoor atrium with a large American flag draped downward, occupying the central foreground. The flag features red and white vertical stripes and a blue field with white stars near the top. The circular, domed ceiling above has architectural details with pink walls, white ribs, and a central circular opening letting in light. Surrounding the atrium are multiple balconies or galleries with decorative railings and gold accents. Small flags or bunting with red, white, and blue stripes decorate the upper edges of the balconies. The perspective is distorted as if viewed from below, giving a fisheye or bottom-up view of the interior. No people or small objects are clearly identifiable in the image due to the flag dominating the scene.",
+"height": 833,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/dbe836efc0c810bc.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "dbe836efc0c810bc",
+"sha256": "dbe836efc0c810bcd43fbfcead5e59d46b186ca3d2e88246d25c4579cb2cad52",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/dd0df3a5e474fed7.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/dd0df3a5e474fed7.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e0bec05f3993576d3110afe2eba346c2d370e905
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/dd0df3a5e474fed7.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 157,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001076,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 896,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A wide city street scene with a large beige stone government or institutional building on the left. The building has tall windows, arched entryways, and a row of columns near the facade; an American flag is mounted on a flagpole in front. The street is relatively quiet with a few cars driving or parked along the right side. A modern streetlamp stands prominently in the foreground on the right. The sky is blue with a few white clouds. Sidewalks run along both sides of the street, with some small trees and shrubs planted near the building. In the distance, more buildings line the street, including a mix of older and newer architectural styles.",
+"height": 576,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/dd0df3a5e474fed7.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "dd0df3a5e474fed7",
+"sha256": "dd0df3a5e474fed7c9cbfb450e603d80dabc2e5b8780c1924eeacb1c6bac36ba",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/dd9a080223ec5b05.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/dd9a080223ec5b05.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a430f81589d037d13b53353a5724be6f8fe20fa7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/dd9a080223ec5b05.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 103,
+"cost_usd": 9.08e-05,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 992,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A tall modern building with a beige stone facade and large glass windows. The lower portion features rectangular geometric blocks and a circular metal awning or balcony on a raised platform. In the foreground, street elements include a traffic light, a curved street signpost, a lamppost, and some green trees along the sidewalk. There are no people clearly visible. The sky is overcast with gray clouds.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/dd9a080223ec5b05.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "dd9a080223ec5b05",
+"sha256": "dd9a080223ec5b058d6ce192933b1d0a6434ca6bcc9b32daee9a9c2abcbfe887",
+"width": 614
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/ddb6eb7a752104cc.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/ddb6eb7a752104cc.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f65fc31c6ba2890114bcffdd5ce0a68722776e0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/ddb6eb7a752104cc.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 194,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001392,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1232,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A grand marble interior hallway with a large arched entrance. The foreground shows massive stone columns and decorative moldings framing a tall, rounded archway. Inside, a long corridor with a high, curved, pale ceiling lit by recessed lights. The walls are paneled in dark wood with gold trim and doors along both sides. The floor is tiled with light-colored stone and darker border patterns near the entrance. At the far end, double doors lead to a bright atrium with natural light and some greenery visible. No people are clearly visible, but there may be small, indistinct figures faintly seen in the distance near the far doors. Legible text is minimal; a sign or plaque appears on the left wall and a framed image or certificate is mounted along the hallway. The overall mood is formal and institutional, resembling a government or historic building interior.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/ddb6eb7a752104cc.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "ddb6eb7a752104cc",
+"sha256": "ddb6eb7a752104ccaede7b84cc504a8458d176cec4d5683c4f2ac94911056396",
+"width": 792
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/de5e5e9c08a3cf1f.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/de5e5e9c08a3cf1f.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..04da434aae8be880fae9747c53d40fdfb95c182f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/de5e5e9c08a3cf1f.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 105,
+"cost_usd": 9.16e-05,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 992,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A tall, dark sculpture resembling a stretched, abstract human leg stands upright on a grassy area. It is surrounded by small circular ground lights and a low hedge. In the background, there is a modern glass-fronted building with greenish-blue accents, steps, and evenly spaced young trees. The sky is clear and blue. No people are present in the scene, and there is no legible text visible.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/de5e5e9c08a3cf1f.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "de5e5e9c08a3cf1f",
+"sha256": "de5e5e9c08a3cf1f28e9b86d1fa689972bd988097b2255e1050f1bd5bcf875cb",
+"width": 639
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/e07052555d28be07.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/e07052555d28be07.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b58e564adffc1f6db76d4a2a6d5c560d1954bee6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/e07052555d28be07.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 137,
+"cost_usd": 0.000114,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1184,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A large outdoor steps area in front of a classical building with tall columns. In the foreground, three men in dark suits stand together and pose for the camera. The man on the left wears a red tie and has his hand on his hip; the man in the middle has a light brown tie; the man on the right wears a red tie and has his hands clasped in front. Their shadows are cast on the patterned marble ground. In the background to the left, two security or bystanders stand on the steps. The weather is clear with a blue sky.",
+"height": 768,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/e07052555d28be07.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "e07052555d28be07",
+"sha256": "e07052555d28be07101cae2db2d97e4503a1e885ead14aad4d57f6fd7b8d8890",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/e56124bc5a0829a7.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/e56124bc5a0829a7.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a966d44ee37cc31f936a02f4e0812b3a118da491
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/e56124bc5a0829a7.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 211,
+"cost_usd": 0.000146,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1232,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A group of five men in formal attire walking down a hallway. The man on the far left wears a light overcoat and holds a hat in his left hand. Next to him, a man in a dark suit gestures with his right hand while looking at the man on his left. In the center, an older man with a cane and a bowler hat clutched in his left hand wears a long dark coat over a suit and is supported by the man beside him. Behind them are two more men, one partially visible, both in dark suits. On the far right, a tall man in a long, dark overcoat and dress shoes walks with a serious expression. Several people are in the background, and the setting appears to be indoors, possibly a government or civic building. There is legible text along the right edge of the image reading some numbers vertically, and a small number sequence or notation near the bottom right corner.",
+"height": 790,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/e56124bc5a0829a7.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "e56124bc5a0829a7",
+"sha256": "e56124bc5a0829a7487944366869e8e540715b39fe822c83e89fcffe653a55d2",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/e87546541c9488dd.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/e87546541c9488dd.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..acab1f6cdf506ed1545e7dfb1774484fdf7af50f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/e87546541c9488dd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 204,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001216,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 800,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A large courtroom or council chamber with a burgundy carpet. A group of people wearing matching orange jumpsuits stand in a long line along the back wall and along the right side, likely detainees or defendants. In the foreground, a man in a dark blazer and light pants walks toward a woman in an orange jumpsuit who is standing at a podium or lectern on the left, speaking or presenting. A long wooden desk with papers, folders, and a few chairs sits in the center area, flanked by other chairs and a table with office supplies. Several people, some in orange jumpsuits and others in casual or professional attire, stand or sit around the room, including a few on the left near a wall with framed pictures and a clock. The atmosphere suggests a formal proceeding or hearing. Legible text: none clearly readable from this distance, though there may be papers and signage on desks.",
+"height": 512,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/e87546541c9488dd.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "e87546541c9488dd",
+"sha256": "e87546541c9488ddcd911345d0cdbda00ee32d59b0c4bb4d8e997aca09ac8f04",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/ea4612ba09cb9502.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/ea4612ba09cb9502.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ee86241de97ee5daed29b99d8c3acfd1c7fa3150
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/ea4612ba09cb9502.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 169,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001268,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1184,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A historic courtroom or meeting room with a raised judge’s bench at the back. The room has tall windows with green shutters on both sides, cream-colored paneled walls, and decorative molding. Above the bench is a framed crest or coat of arms and small statues. In front of the bench is a long green-draped table with chairs and candles. In the foreground there are round and rectangular tables covered with green cloth, set with books, papers, and candlesticks, surrounded by wooden chairs with spindled backs. To the right, there is a black railing or barrier and a raised wooden platform or witness stand. The room is lit by natural light coming through the windows. No people are present in the scene.",
+"height": 768,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/ea4612ba09cb9502.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "ea4612ba09cb9502",
+"sha256": "ea4612ba09cb9502fa8d3423141472e4f46f73260738121e76c7aee59c7c3260",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/ebb93adf6d741fb8.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/ebb93adf6d741fb8.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..21aa4f3fa842e9fa125dfde0d0440802d47ccbbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/ebb93adf6d741fb8.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 202,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001304,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 992,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A vintage printed certificate or document with ornate typography and decorative border. At the top center it says 'U. S. Senate' in a stylized script. Large decorative words 'IMPEACHMENT TRIAL' span the middle with embellished initial letters 'I' and 'T'. Below, the line reads 'ADM I T' (with a blank line) followed by 'TO THE FLOOR OF THE SENATE' in bold uppercase letters. The bottom left shows a date line 'March 13-1868.' in a cursive script, and to the bottom right there is a signature that appears to read 'Geo. A. Brown' with the title 'Sergeant-at-Arms.' The very edges feature a wavy inner border and a more ornate outer frame. Small text in the lower left corner reads 'Phila & Solomons Wharf, D.C.'",
+"height": 615,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/ebb93adf6d741fb8.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "ebb93adf6d741fb8",
+"sha256": "ebb93adf6d741fb84ea42e4f72cd1b99a16b2e22aab3520c2f21f0848a6ddc10",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/ec60a79f29378716.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/ec60a79f29378716.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..554ad8151379a6301d0cff1e4eed41e6f6640cca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/ec60a79f29378716.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 115,
+"cost_usd": 9.56e-05,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 992,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A multi-story brick and stone building with an ornate white trim and decorative frieze sits in the background. A wide overhanging roof or awning extends across the ground level, supported by pillars. In front of the building is a paved parking lot with several cars parked facing the structure, including sedans and an SUV. A few motorcycles are also visible near the right side. The scene appears to be a daytime urban or campus setting with clear skies.",
+"height": 628,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/ec60a79f29378716.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "ec60a79f29378716",
+"sha256": "ec60a79f29378716aa8a5c94f5cc96691fc9341ab4948508637be067ea7329b7",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/eec73f952ce2e737.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/eec73f952ce2e737.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e96c63742b29e6f83d299df863ebf6308cfec967
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/eec73f952ce2e737.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 192,
+"cost_usd": 0.000148,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1424,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A large framed painting hangs centered on a beige wall with vertical paneling. The painting depicts a rural town scene with a large tree in the foreground left, its trunk and branches sprawling over brick buildings and a fence. In the lower left, a brown horse stands grazing or resting near the grass, while a person in dark clothing and a hat is near a small wooden fence or gate. Further back, several figures and a horse-drawn cart populate a dusty street that leads toward a river or water body in the distance. The scene includes additional buildings, a few people, and a sense of activity along the road. The overall color palette includes earth tones—browns, greens, and blues—with a bright sky overhead. There is a small plaque or label beneath the painting and a light switch on the wall to the left of the frame.",
+"height": 903,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/eec73f952ce2e737.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "eec73f952ce2e737",
+"sha256": "eec73f952ce2e737b7ea162841488a81e14c37e44b33e8526231c28078ce9db3",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/f2ee9541465e0e09.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/f2ee9541465e0e09.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4993927602e8b7d5cb4f7ed201792153b61c112d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/f2ee9541465e0e09.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 156,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001168,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1088,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "An urban cityscape with multiple modern, boxy office buildings. In the foreground, there are layered structures including a yellow parking garage with open levels, a green vertical section, and gray façades. Several cars are parked along the street near the base of the buildings. In the midground, white and light gray office blocks with horizontal window bands create a layered skyline. A small plume of steam or smoke rises from a vent on one of the distant rooftops. In the background, more low-rise buildings and trees line the horizon, with a distant, hazy landscape. No people are clearly visible. There is no legible text discernible in the image.",
+"height": 676,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/f2ee9541465e0e09.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "f2ee9541465e0e09",
+"sha256": "f2ee9541465e0e090c7cf059a65a2ba12a12496204d569cbd28018567b4f38fb",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/f34ad4b781116c93.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/f34ad4b781116c93.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6fde219e7239f92f6e6a7998d7c11969ff380ee4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/f34ad4b781116c93.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 90,
+"cost_usd": 9.52e-05,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1184,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A tall cylindrical modern office building with many narrow vertical windows. The structure has a rounded top with a dark overhang. Green trees frame the scene on the left and right, and a large leafy bush is in the foreground at the bottom. The sky is overcast. No people are visible, and there is no legible text.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/f34ad4b781116c93.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "f34ad4b781116c93",
+"sha256": "f34ad4b781116c938e92080d95de935e15db79aea4c695f6d713b77d2c2fb747",
+"width": 768
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/f43ffd685dce77a2.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/f43ffd685dce77a2.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..77f57ef30b64e70e93f725fad3c31f9546bea476
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/f43ffd685dce77a2.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 188,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001296,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1088,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A group of people outdoors. In the foreground, a Black woman wearing a colorful sleeveless dress (orange, purple, and blue) appears to be crying or speaking passionately, with her eyes closed and mouth open. She stands in front of several microphones mounted on stands. On her upper arm are visible tattoos of various shapes. To her right, a man in a tan blazer and white shirt looks downward, slightly away from the cameras. Behind him, a man wearing sunglasses and a striped shirt stands next to another man in a red baseball cap with a white logo, partly obscured. A fourth person, also behind the speaker, has dark hair and is partially visible. The background shows a pale building with a window. Legible text is not visible on clothing or signs, though the red cap has a logo-like design.",
+"height": 682,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/f43ffd685dce77a2.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "f43ffd685dce77a2",
+"sha256": "f43ffd685dce77a2cc676cf6b3b590999394e9a5f0bd5082584222deb27f9768",
+"width": 1024
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/f4f346723d9fecd7.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/f4f346723d9fecd7.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c2a19235f66e598f3e5035d59513acd3ebd11cbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/f4f346723d9fecd7.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
+"attempt": "first",
+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 108,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001072,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1280,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A black-and-white scene shows a man in a pinstriped suit standing with one hand in his pocket, looking to the right. A second man, bald, wearing a dark coat, sits in front of him, looking slightly downward. Behind them are three uniformed soldiers wearing helmets and belts, standing at attention. The setting appears to be indoors, with a dark background. The overall mood is somber and formal.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/f4f346723d9fecd7.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "f4f346723d9fecd7",
+"sha256": "f4f346723d9fecd7d0da8d085bc9af6516b9dc221ac14dbaf3180bc1f2dfd910",
+"width": 819
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/f4fdaa983bd34579.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/f4fdaa983bd34579.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d242d2ba662336c3e255bc9aefffe270e75a830f
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+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/f4fdaa983bd34579.json
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+{
+"call": {
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+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 185,
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+"live_calls": 1,
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+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1040,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A large, light-colored masonry building labeled at the top left as 'U. S. Post Office and Court House, Florence, S. C.' The structure is three stories tall with a mansard-like hip roof and a decorative roofline. Each of the upper-story windows has small, striped awnings angled outward. The ground floor features arched windows and doors with more substantial, classic window-and-door surrounds; there are set-back entrances on a stepped base with white steps leading up to them. The building sits on a paved street with a circular curb and some low hedges or landscaping along the sides. A few people are visible near the front entrances, giving a sense of scale. The sky is clear with some clouds, and the overall image has a vintage postcard style with slightly faded colors.",
+"height": 649,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/f4fdaa983bd34579.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "f4fdaa983bd34579",
+"sha256": "f4fdaa983bd3457949fa6649b6e5c24425b67932d57816b58680871fde2a3851",
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+}
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diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/f5b3016b8b08dbc4.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/f5b3016b8b08dbc4.json
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bce7ad7d93dfea238ccbe95e7dbb42763545d52e
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+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/f5b3016b8b08dbc4.json
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+{
+"call": {
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+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 144,
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+"live_calls": 1,
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+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1184,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A large, historic stone courthouse viewed from the bottom of a staircase leading up to a double door entrance. The building has three stories with tall windows and decorative architectural details. Above the entrance, there is an inscription reading 'THE PIONEER COURTHOUSE'. Two tall street lamps with round glowing bulbs flank the stairs. The stairs have metal railings on both sides and show steps leading up to the wooden doors. Branches from leafless trees frame the top of the image against a clear blue sky. The windows on the ground and upper floors have curtains or blinds, and some interior lights are visible.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/f5b3016b8b08dbc4.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "f5b3016b8b08dbc4",
+"sha256": "f5b3016b8b08dbc4943dbcc5fee0e46448c210216939f2335e693f71cf65dd7e",
+"width": 768
+}
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diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/f75fcd19023c52ce.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/f75fcd19023c52ce.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e582a24c0201a61bdee8c97889f50adaff26e835
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/f75fcd19023c52ce.json
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+{
+"call": {
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+"completion_tokens": 140,
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+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1088,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A large light-colored stone government-style building with tall vertical windows lines the facade. The structure sits at a street corner with a sidewalk, small trees, and black metal fencing along the base. A white guardian-type small building or booth sits near the curb on the left, equipped with traffic lights and barriers. A railroad crossing signal is visible by the booth. The road in front has crosswalk lines and street signs, including a stop sign and a green informational sign near the entrance. An American flag flies atop the building. The sky is partly cloudy, giving an overall calm urban scene.",
+"height": 678,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/f75fcd19023c52ce.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "f75fcd19023c52ce",
+"sha256": "f75fcd19023c52ce1fcebe1c865eb6ad8d52a8aa1c8df0fa9fdf59381cea4a73",
+"width": 1024
+}
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diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/f9c8d1dd3c36d8d8.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/f9c8d1dd3c36d8d8.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..20352721412d9c52a9a07a89bfed8514882c2fe2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/f9c8d1dd3c36d8d8.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
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+"live_calls": 1,
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+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1184,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A city street scene in front of a large stone government building with arched windows and an inscription that reads 'Post Office and Courts United States of America'. Several people are standing on the sidewalk near the curb, some dressed in business attire. A white car passes by in the foreground. Traffic lights and street signs are visible overhead, along with a blue street sign that reads 'Seventh Ave'. Small trees line the sidewalk. The scene is daytime with a mix of modern and historic architectural elements.",
+"height": 768,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/f9c8d1dd3c36d8d8.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "f9c8d1dd3c36d8d8",
+"sha256": "f9c8d1dd3c36d8d8e8b314cee464b6b8dce90c6200bf3f603b3e5cec080744d8",
+"width": 1024
+}
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diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/fa5a2c59da00fee1.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/fa5a2c59da00fee1.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2792589162d506ce0cc877a934b9925699551e27
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+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/fa5a2c59da00fee1.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
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+"live_calls": 1,
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+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1184,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A large beige stone building with a rounded central tower featuring tall windows. The facade has three stories with rectangular windows and arched ground-floor entrances. In front are several palm trees and low planters with small shrubs. A wide street runs parallel to the building, with a few street lamps and a sidewalk. The sky is clear and blue with a few white clouds. No people are visible. There is some faint legible text on the top of the rounded central section, though it is not fully readable.",
+"height": 758,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/fa5a2c59da00fee1.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "fa5a2c59da00fee1",
+"sha256": "fa5a2c59da00fee192596f168b79168937695fbd7b971a4c2f54c974d9037cb1",
+"width": 1024
+}
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diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/fb70bd0ef7e7b03b.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/fb70bd0ef7e7b03b.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ba3761d80598abe93189cf18871b7cf319689589
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/fb70bd0ef7e7b03b.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
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+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 135,
+"cost_usd": 0.0001132,
+"live_calls": 1,
+"max_tokens": 500,
+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1184,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A large beige stone/brick building with tall vertical windows occupies most of the frame. Snow is falling heavily, accumulating on the ground and rooftops. An American flag is visible on the left side of the building. In front, there are glass entrance doors with dark maroon columns and a white overhang. The text on the wall reads 'DANA E. GLASS? UNITED STATES COURTHOUSE' (partially obscured). The scene appears wintry and cold, with snow streaks in the air and snow piled along the base of the building.",
+"height": 759,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/fb70bd0ef7e7b03b.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
+"prompt": "Describe what is visible: objects, people, actions, and any legible text. Respond as JSON {\"description\": \"...\"}.",
+"record": "fb70bd0ef7e7b03b",
+"sha256": "fb70bd0ef7e7b03b77bc98656bcad6bd3f27d08ad538454244223d2621b5ee6d",
+"width": 1024
+}
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diff --git a/bridge/gpt/image/law/fef15ef0ceeac434.json b/bridge/gpt/image/law/fef15ef0ceeac434.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..37667be0fd2d1eb0c900a2533dcc2608fbe30605
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bridge/gpt/image/law/fef15ef0ceeac434.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+"call": {
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+"cache_hit": false,
+"completion_tokens": 99,
+"cost_usd": 9.88e-05,
+"live_calls": 1,
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+"model": "openai/gpt-5-nano",
+"prompt_sha": "76d851a5220977ec",
+"prompt_tokens": 1184,
+"stage": "bridge_gpt_image"
+},
+"description": "A black-and-white photograph of a man wearing a pinstriped suit, white dress shirt, and patterned tie. He has short dark hair and round eyeglasses with dark rims. The man is facing the camera with a neutral expression. The background is plain and slightly dark, with a subtle shadow behind him. There is no other person or prominent objects visible in the frame.",
+"height": 1024,
+"image_encoding": {
+"detail": "high",
+"format": "PNG",
+"max_side": 1024
+},
+"modality": "image",
+"path": "corpus/law/image/fef15ef0ceeac434.jpg",
+"persona": "law",
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+}
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+The final nie in Afrikaans negative sentences
+
+An interesting syntactic property of Afrikaans is the use of the so-called double negative in sentences which express a negative proposition by means of a negation word like geen ('no', 'none', 'not (any)'); geeneen ('no one'); geensins ('by no means', 'in no way'); g'n ('never', 'not'); nerens ('nowhe e'); nie ('not'); niemand ('nobody'); niks ('nothing'); nooil ('never'). In terms of this property such a negative sentence contains, as a general rule, a second 'negation word' in final position, viz. the item nie. The phenomenon may be illustrated with the foUowing examples. l
+
+61 
+THE FINAL NIE IN AFRIKAANS NEGATIVE SENTENCES* 
+lohan Oosthuizen 
+Department of Afrikaans and Netherlandic Studies 
+University of Cape Town 
+1. 
+Introduction 
+An interesting syntactic property of Afrikaans is the use of the so-called double negative in 
+sentences which express a negative proposition by means of a negation word like geen ('no', 
+'none', 'not (any)'); geeneen ('no one'); geensins ('by no means', 'in no way'); g'n ('never', 
+'not'); nerens ('nowhere'); nie ('not'); niemand ('nobody'); niks ('nothing'); nooil ('never'). 
+In terms of this property such a negative sentence contains, as a general rule, a second 
+'negation word' in final position, viz. the item nie. The phenomenon may be illustrated with 
+the foUowing examples. l 
+(1) 
+Subject initial main clauses 
+(a) 
+Sy sluil nooit die deur NJE 
+she locks never the door not 
+'She never locks the door' 
+(b) 
+Bulle is g'n so arm NJE 
+they are not so poor not 
+'They aren't all that poor' 
+(2) 
+Subordinate clauses 
+(a) 
+Jan beweer dot hy niks onlhou NJE 
+lohn claims that he nothing remembers not 
+'lohn claims that he remembers nothing' 
+Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics, Vol. 31, 1998, 61-94 
+doi: 10.5774/31-0-57
+
+62 
+(b) 
+Ek twyfel of Imlle regtig geen kontant het NIE 
+I doubt whether they really no cash have not 
+'I doubt whether they really have no cash' 
+(3) 
+Topicalisation constructions 
+(a) 
+Nerem voel ,ry vei/ig NIE 
+nowhere feels she safe not 
+'Nowhere does she feel safe' 
+(b) 
+Met niemand anders het dit gebeur NIE 
+with nobody else has it happened not 
+'It happened to nobody else' 
+(4) 
+Interrogative constructions 
+(a) 
+Wiljy dan geensins hetrokke raak NIE? 
+want you then in no way involved become not 
+'Don't you want to become involved at all?' 
+(b) 
+Wie hel nie opgedang NIE? 
+who has not arrived not? 
+'Who hasn't arrived?' 
+(5) 
+Imperative constructions 
+(a) 
+Moet geeneen vertrou NIE 
+must no-one trust not 
+'Don't trust anyone' 
+(b) 
+Moenie dit doen NJE' 
+must-not it do not 
+'Don't do it!' 
+With the exception of a few well-known works such as (Klima 1964), (Kraak 1966) and 
+(Jackendoff 1972), the description of sentential negation received relatively little attention in 
+the early versions of Chomskyan generative grammar. And it was not until the publication of 
+especially (pollock 1989) that the syntax of negation became a topic of serious research within 
+Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics, Vol. 31, 1998, 61-94 
+doi: 10.5774/31-0-57
+
+63 
+the Principles and Parameters framework; this renewed interest is still evident in the Minimalist 
+Program, the most recent development within the Principles and Parameters model. 2 As far as 
+negation in Afrikaans is concerned, (Waher 1978) still represents the only detailed description 
+within the broad generative approach.3 
+It is not the aim of this paper to give an overview of the various proposals in the literature 
+regarding the description of sentential negation. Also, no attempt will be made to give either a 
+detailed description of sentential negation in Afrikaans or a comparative analysis of this 
+phenomenon in Afrikaans and any other language. The aim of the paper is much more modest: 
+it will examine the possibilities which the Minimalist Program presents for the syntactic 
+description of the final nie in Afrikaans negative sentences, and more specifically subject initial 
+clauses like those in (I) and (2). The discussion will focus on two general questions: (a) what 
+is the categorial status of the final nie, and (b) where and how is it generated in sentence 
+structure? The rest of the paper is organised as follows. By way of background, section 2 gives 
+a brief overview of some of the relevant assumptions and mechanisms of the Minimalist 
+Program. In section 3 various possible descriptions of the final nie are critically examined, after 
+which an analysis is outlined which appears not only to express the relevant facts, but to be 
+compatible also with the assumptions and mechanisms of the Minimalist Program. In section 4 
+a brief summary is given of the major findings, and some potential pFoblems are also noted for 
+further investigation. 
+2. 
+Some minimalist assumptions and mecbanisms 
+The organisation of the grammar within the Minimalist Program may be represented 
+schematically as in (6) below.4 Spell-Out in (6) marks the (arbitrary) point at which the 
+derivation of a sentence is split into two separate parts, respectively yielding its PF (sound) and 
+LF (meaning) representations. Operations which take place before SpeU:.out form part of the 
+overt syntax and are reflected in the perceptible PF representation of the sentence. Operations 
+Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics, Vol. 31, 1998, 61-94 
+doi: 10.5774/31-0-57
+
+64 
+(6) 
+LEXICON 
+COMPUTATIONAL SYSTEM 
+-J, 
+overt operations 
+-J, 
+PF (phonetic form) 
+~ 
+MORPHOLOGY ~ 
+• 
+---- Spell-Out 
+-J, 
+covert operations 
+-J, 
+LF (Logical form) 
+which take place after Spell-Out, and which lead to LF, form part of the covert syntax, hence 
+their effects are not phonologically visible. 
+The derivation of a sentence starts with the selection of substantive items from the lexicon, 
+each item consisting of a set of features. Two general types of features are distinguished, viz. 
+lerical-categorial (Le) features and formal (F) features, which are interpreted at the two 
+interface levels PF and LF. LC-features consist of semantic features; categorial features like 
+[nominal], [verbal]; and (presumably) phonological features.! The F-features of substantive 
+items relate to, amongst others, morphological properties such as tense, case and agreement 
+(person, number, gender), and are each selected with a particular value (+1-). The substantive 
+categories are selected independently of each other, and are subsequently projected and 
+merged with one another through the operations of the Generalised Transformation, the only 
+structure-building mechanism within the Minimalist Program. 
+Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics, Vol. 31, 1998, 61-94 
+doi: 10.5774/31-0-57
+
+65 
+For a well-formed sentence to be derived, the various substantive items must be licensed for 
+interpretation at the PF and LF levels. To this end a further system of junctional categories is 
+postulated, generated above and to the left of the system of substantive categories. Functional 
+categories include, amongst others, AgrS (subject agreement), AgrO (object agreement), and T 
+(Tense), each consisting of a set ofF-features, the same F-features that are associated with the 
+substantive categories. In contrast to those of the substantive categories, however, the F-
+features of the functional categories are not specified for particular values. Licensing of a 
+substantive category is then effected by moving its F-features upwards and to the left, into 
+positions where they can be checked against the corresponding features of a functional 
+category. During checking the F-feature of a substantive category supplies a particular feature 
+value to the relevant F -feature of a functional category, provided that the two categories (or 
+more specifically, their F-features) are structural sisters. The movement of F-features is 
+effected by Move-F, one of the operations of the Generalised Transformation (GT). 
+The F-features of the functional categories belong to two types, viz. V-features and N-features. 
+A V-feature, on the one hand, must agree with the corresponding F-feature of a substantive 
+head. Since feature checking is only possible in a sisterhood relationship, it follows that the F-
+feature of the substantive head must be adjoined to the relevant functional head. N-features, on 
+the other hand, must agree with the corresponding features associated with phrases. In this 
+case the relevant phrase moves to the Specifier (Spec) position of the functional category X so 
+that it forms the sister of the first projection xpl above the functional head.6 Give~ that the 
+features of a functional head X are, via percolation; also available at its projections, hence also 
+at xpl, checking can proceed in accordance with the sisterhood condition. In short, V-features 
+are checked in head-head configurations, and N-features in Spec-head configurations. 
+Two further assumptions regarding F-features should be noted here. The first concerns the 
+question of feature strength. The F-features (i.e. both the V~ and N-features) of ajunctional 
+head may be either strong or weak, with the possibility of parametric variation between 
+languages. Zwart (1997) proposes, for example, that the V- and N-features of Agr are both 
+strong in Dutch, a proposal that will be accepted for Afrikaans as well.' Strong features must 
+Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics, Vol. 31, 1998, 61-94 
+doi: 10.5774/31-0-57
+
+66 
+be checked (i.e. supplied with a value) in the overt syntax, before Spell-Out, otherwise the 
+derivation will crash at PF. The checking of weak features, by contrast, can be 'postponed' 
+until the covert syntax, after the point of Spell-Out; weak features are not visible at PF and can 
+occur unchecked at that level. 
+The second assumption concerns interpretation at the PF level. To be interpreted (i.e. lexically 
+realised) at PF, the F-features of a substantive head must be combined with LC-features within 
+a categorial head. Suppose for instance that the F-features of a substantive head Yare adjoined 
+to a functional head X to form the morphosyntactic complex XI If Xl does not contain any 
+LC-features, it will not constitute a legitimate (interpretable) PF-object, which means that it 
+will not be lexically realised. In such a case one of the following operations may be performed. 
+(I) 
+If there is a further functional head Z higher up in the structure which does contain LC-
+features, Xl can be adjoined to Z by means of Move-F to form the morpho syntactic 
+complex Zl ZI will then qualify as an interpretable PF-object, since it contains both F-
+and LC-features. The operation is only pennissible, however, if it will result in an F-
+feature of Z being supplied with a value; in other words, Z will attract Xl only if Z can 
+gain an F-feature value in the process. 
+(II) Suppose there is not an appropriate functional head Z higher up in the structure. In such 
+a case the LC-features of the substantive head Y must be moved overtly to Xl -- i.e. 
+before Spell-Ou~ -- just like its F-features. to form a lelritimate PF-obiect. This is effected 
+by Move-LC, a futher movement operation of GT. It should be noted, though, that the 
+overt movement of LC-features represents a 'costly' operation in terms of grammatical 
+. computation, one that is available only as a 'last resort'. 
+The preceding overview of minimalist assumptions and mechanisms can be made concrete with 
+reference to the examples in (7) and (8). 
+(7) dat sy die deuT sluit 
+(8) Sy sluit die deuT 
+Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics, Vol. 31, 1998, 61-94 
+doi: 10.5774/31-0-57
+
+67 
+The structure underlying the embedded sentence in (7) can be represented roughly as in (9) 
+below8 This structure has been derived by Lexical Selection and the GT-operations Project 
+and Merge. The subject .ry. and the direct object die deur in (8) have already been moved 
+overtly to [Spec, AgrS] and [Spec, AgrO), respectively; these two operations are required so 
+that the strong N-features of AgrS and AgrO can be checked before Spell-Out. Notice that (9) 
+exhibits an initial SVO-order (or in more general tenns, Spec-head-complement), the only 
+underlying word order that is provided for within the Minimalist Program.9 
+(9) 
+Cp 
+c ~AgrSP' 
+2t 
+NP --------AgrSpl 
+I 
+/'----. 
+s;v 
+AgrS 
+TP 
+T~AgrOP' 
+NP~AgrOpl 
+I 
+~ 
+die deur 
+AgrO 
+vp' 
+~ 
+NP 
+vp1 
+I 
+A 
+t 
+v 
+sluit 
+LC(v} 
+F(v} 
+NP 
+Given that the V-features of Agr (and probably those of T as well) are strong in Afrikaans, it 
+follows that the F-features of the V sluit -- indicated as F(v) in (9) - must also move before 
+Spell-Out. This involves at least three operations. Firstly, F(v) is adjoined to AgrO, yielding 
+Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics, Vol. 31, 1998, 61-94 
+doi: 10.5774/31-0-57
+
+68 
+the two-segment category AgrO l with F(v) and AgrO as its daughter-constituents; the strong 
+V.features of AgrO can be checked in this configuration. Secondly. AgrOl is adjoined to T to 
+fonn the two-segment category Tl with AgrOl and T as its daughters, a configuration in which 
+the V -feature of T can be checked. Thirdly, Tl is adjoined to AgrS yielding the two-segment 
+category AgrSl, which provides the configuration for checking the strong V-features of AgrS. 
+The problem, however, is that AgrS} does not contain any LC-features, which means that it 
+does not constitute an interpretable object at PF. This problem can be overcome in terms of the 
+proposal (1) above, that is, by adjoining AgrS 1 to the functional head C, a further instance of 
+Move-F. C obviously contains LC-features, since it can be spelled out as the complementiser 
+dal. Hence, by adjoining AgrSI to C, a two-segment category CI can be fonned in which F(v) 
+is combined with LC-features. The important question, of course, is whether C has anything to 
+gain by such an operation, that is, whether C contains a V -feature which can be supplied with a 
+value via AgrSI-to-c. Zwart (1997) argues on the basis of agreement facts that C must indeed 
+·contain such a V-feature: in various dialects ofDutcb, Frisian and Gennan the complementiser 
+agrees in person andlor number with the subject and the inflected verb, a phenomenon which 
+can only be accounted for in tenns of Move-F to c. IO Given Zwarts' analysis, C thus attracts 
+AgrSI in order to obtain an F-feature value; as a consequence, a legitimate PF-object -- the 
+two-segment head CI -- is created, one which contains both F- and LC-features. 
+The effect of the four overt operations involving F(v) can be illustrated in the structure (10) 
+below. Since the LC-features of the V sJuil -- indicated as LC(v) -- do not have to be moved in 
+the overt syntax, the V is spelled out in its initial position under the VP; (10) thus reflects the 
+surface SOy word order of the embedded sentence in (7).11 
+Consider next the main clause in (8). The structure underlying (8) is almost identical to that 
+presented as (9) above for the embedded sentence in (7). The only difference is that (9), in the 
+case of the main clause (8), does not contain a CP dominating AgrSP2, since (8) is not 
+introduced by a complementiser (e.g. dal). In short. the embedded sentence in (7) represents a 
+CP, and the main clause in (8) an AgrSP. As in the case of (7). the F-features of the V sJuil in 
+(8) must be moved overtly so that the strong V -features of Agr and T can be checked before 
+Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics, Vol. 31, 1998, 61-94 
+doi: 10.5774/31-0-57
+
+(10) 
+69 
+CP 
+C'~AgrSp2 
+~ ~ 
+................ + AgrS' 
+C 
+NP 
+AgrSP' 
+/""'-... 
+I 
+I 
+~ 
+T' 
+AgrS 
+dal 
+sy 
+AgrS' 
+TP 
+~ 
+I 
+~ 
+AgTO' 
+T 
+T' 
+AgrOp2 
+/"--.... 
+I~ 
+/'-.... 
+F(v) 
+AgrO 
+: 
+/ 
+"-.... 
+t: 
+NP 
+AgrOp' 
+I 
+/"-
+die deur AgrO' 
+yp2 '6 
+I 
+sluit 
+LC(v) 
+F(v)-t 
+Spell-Out. Three operations are involved in this, viz. (i) F(v)-to-AgrO, (ii) AgrOl_to_ T and (iii) 
+T'-to-AgrS, with F(v) eventually forming part of the two-segment category AgrSI. However, 
+AgrS I does not contain any LC-features, which means that it does not constitute a legitimate 
+PF-object. The derived structure moreover lacks a higher functional category with LC-features 
+-- like C, as in the case of the embedded sentence (7) -- to which AgrSI can be adjoined by 
+means of Move-F. Since F(v) cannot be interpreted without LC-features, the derivation will 
+therefore crash at PF. The only solution to this problem is to adjoin the LC-features of the V 
+sluit to AgrS I before Spell-Out (cf the last resort proposal (II) above). This will then yield the 
+two-segment category AgrS2, a legitimate PF-object containing both F-and LC-features. One 
+of the consequences of moving the LC-features of the V sluit to AgrS in the overt syntax is 
+that sluit will be lexically spelled out in the second structural position of the sentence. This is in 
+accordance with the surface SVO word order of the main clause (8). The structure (11) below 
+illustrates the various overt operations involving F(v) and LC(v) in the derivation of (8). 
+Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics, Vol. 31, 1998, 61-94 
+doi: 10.5774/31-0-57
+
+70 
+(11) 
+AgrSP2 
+NP --------------- AgrSpl 
+S~ 
+AgrS2 -------- TP 
+----
+~ 
+LC(v) 
+AgrSl 
+Tl 
+AgrOp2 
+..• 1/"-.....1'" 
+...........--
+sluit 
+• 
+Tl 
+AgrS 
+NP 
+AgrOpl 
+...... ~ 
+J 
+/"--. 
+. AgrOl 
+T 
+die deur 
+AgrOl 
+vp2 
+~ 
+F(v) 
+AgrO 
+' ....... -.... -.. -...... -.. -....... -. -. -... ~ 
+F(v)-t 
+...... ......... ............................ ..................................... LC(v)-t 
+The examples in (7) and (8) are both positive declarative sentences. In the next section we will 
+examine whether the assumptions and mechanisms outlined above can provide a framework for 
+the description of negative declarative sentences in Afrikaans, and more specifically of the 
+structural position of the final nie. 
+3. 
+Negative sentences and the syntax ofthe final nie 
+Consider again the negative sentences in (1)-(5). The (bold-faced) negation words in these 
+sentences belong to various substantive categories, viz. N (niemand, niles, geeneen); A (g'n, 
+nooit, nerens, nie, geensins); and DET (geen, g'n). Omitting such a word from a negative 
+sentence results in ungranunaticality (or a change of meaning), as illustrated in (12).12 
+(12)(a) 
+Sy sluit *(nooit) die deur nie 
+(b) 
+Hulle is *(g 'n) so arm nie 
+(c) 
+Jan beweer OOt hy *(niks) onthou nie 
+(d) 
+Ek twyjel oj hulle regtig *(geen) kontant het nie 
+Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics, Vol. 31, 1998, 61-94 
+doi: 10.5774/31-0-57
+
+71 
+A further general property of negation words is that they can be modified by adverbs like glad 
+('by no means', 'altogether', 'at all'); absoluut (,absolutely'); hoegenaamd ('at all', '(nothing) 
+whatever'); ongeveeT ('just about'); omtrent, byka!lS ('almost', 'nearly'): 
+(13)(a) 
+HuJle was glad nie betrokke nie 
+they were entirely not involved not 
+'They weren't involved at all' 
+(b) 
+Ons voel omtrent neTem veilig nie 
+we feel almost nowhere safe not 
+'We feel safe almost nowhere' 
+(c) 
+Jan se riat hy ahsoluut niles onthou nie 
+John says that he absolutely nothing remembers not 
+'John says that he remembers absolutely nothing' 
+(d) 
+Dit hlyk riat 5)' hykans 1/00it die geTeg mook nie 
+it seems that she almost never the dish makes not 
+'It seems that she almost never makes the dish' 
+As mentioned above, it is not the aim of this paper to give a detailed analysis of the syntax of 
+sentential negation in Afrikaans. The following assumptions about the selection and licensing 
+of the relevant negation words, for example, will be accepted here without further discussion. 
+(14)(a) 
+(b) 
+Negation words are selected in the form ofF- and LC-features. 
+A negation word contains an F-feature [+ neg] that has to be checked against the 
+corresponding F-feature of a Junctional head Neg, where checking implies that the 
+functional head is supplied with an F-feature value. 
+(c) 
+The functional head Neg has a strong N1eatuTe; this means that a substantive 
+phrase with the F-feature [+ neg] must be moved to [Spec, Neg] before Spell-Out, 
+where feature checking can then take place in a Spec-head configuration. 
+(d) 
+The functional head Neg occurs in a structural position between T and AgrO.13 
+Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics, Vol. 31, 1998, 61-94 
+doi: 10.5774/31-0-57
+
+72 
+These assumptions can be made concrete with reference to the embedded sentence in (15). The 
+structure underlying (l 5) may be represented roughly as in (16). In this structure the subject .1)1 
+and the direct object die deur have already been moved overtly to the Specifier positions of 
+AgrS and AgrO, respectively; for ease of exposition the overt movements involving the F-
+features of the V sluit are not indicated (cf structure (10) above). The AP nooit is represented 
+in (16) as an adverbial that is adjoined to the VP; the final nie is ignored for present purposes 
+(15) dat sy nooit die deur sluit nie 
+(16) 
+CP 
+C ./'--AgrSP2 
+dot 
+~ 
+NPi 
+AgrSpl 
+I 
+~ 
+sy 
+AgrS 
+TP 
+~ 
+T 
+Negp2 
+..........--
+(Spec) 
+NegPl 
+~ 
+Neg 
+AgrOp2 
+--------
+NP 
+AgrOpl 
+, 
+j 
+~ 
+die deur 
+AgrO 
+vp3 
+AP 
+I 
+noDi( 
+vp2 
+,/"'--.... 
+NP 
+vp1 
+I ~ 
+v 
+NP 
+I 
+I 
+sluit 
+tJ 
+Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics, Vol. 31, 1998, 61-94 
+doi: 10.5774/31-0-57
+
+73 
+Overt movement of the AP nooil to [Spec, Neg] yields the surface word order of the sentence 
+in (15), with nooil preceding the direct object die deur. The AP may also occur to the right of 
+the object, however, as in (17). 
+(17) dal.sy die deur nooil sluil nie 
+It is not clear exactly how the word order in a sentence like (17) can be accounted for. One 
+possibility might be that Neg does not have a fixed hierarchical position between T and AgIO, 
+but that it can also be projected between AgrO and VP. The word order difference between 
+sentences like those in (IS) and (17) could then be ascribed to the variable position of Neg. 
+Another possibility might be to postulate a further functional category above Neg in structures 
+of the type (16), one to which the object could be moved overtly to derive the word order in 
+(17).14 The merits of these suggestions, and for that matter the whole question of word order 
+variation in Afrikaans negative sentences, fall outside the scope of this paper and wiD not be 
+investigated further here. 
+This brings us to the analysis of the final nie in negative sentences (henceforth, NIE). A first 
+question concerns the type of category to which NIE belongs. One possibility is to regard NIE 
+as a member of the class of negation words like nooil, niemand, nie, etc., that is, to classifY it 
+as a substantive item. This leads to two predictions: (i) omitting NIE from a negative sentence 
+should result in ungrarnmaticality (or a change of meaning), and (ii) NIE should be modifiable 
+by adverbs like glad, omtrenl, absoluul, etc. Both predictions are incorrect. The examples in 
+(18) show that it is possible to omit NIB without causing ungrammaticality (or a change of 
+meaning), and the examples in (19) show that NIB cannot be modified. 
+(l8)(a) 
+Ek sien niemand (NlE) 
+I see no-one ( not) 
+'I don't see anybody' 
+(b) 
+Jy help my nooit (NJE) 
+you help me never (not) 
+'You never help me' 
+Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics, Vol. 31, 1998, 61-94 
+doi: 10.5774/31-0-57
+
+74 
+(c) 
+Hiervoor het ek geen oplossing (NIE) 
+here-for have I no solution (not) 
+'For this I have no solution' 
+(d) 
+Sy beweer 001 dit nerem veilig is (NIE) 
+she claims that it nowhere safe is (not) 
+'She claims that it isn't safe anywhere' 
+(e) 
+Dis vir my duidelik 001 niks hom salonderkry (NIE) 
+it-is for me clear that nothing him will under-get (not) 
+'It's clear to me that nothing will get the better of him' 
+(t) 
+Hulle verseker my 001 OOar geen aniWoord by sy kantoor is (NIE) 
+they assure me that there no answer at his office is (not) 
+(J9)(a) 
+'They assure me there's no answer at his office' 
+Hulle was nie betrokke (*glad) NIE 
+they were not involved (*at all) not 
+'They weren't involved' 
+(b) 
+Ons mel nerens veilig (*omtrent) NIE 
+we feel nowhere safe (*a1most) not 
+'We don't feel safe anywhere' 
+(c) 
+Jan se OOt hy niks onthou (*absoluut) NJE 
+John says that he nothing remembers (*absolutely) not 
+'John says that he remembers nothing' 
+(d) 
+Dil blyk 001 5)' nooil die gereg maak (*bykans) NIE 
+it seems that she never the dish makes (·nearly) not 
+'It seems that she never makes the dish' 
+Apparently, then, NTE is not a substantive item, which leaves only one other possibility, viz 
+that it represents a functional item. Given this conclusion, the question arises to which specific 
+functional category NlE belongs. An obvious proposal would be to analyse NTE as a phonetic 
+realisation of the functional category Neg, that is, as the head ofNegP in a structure like (16). 
+Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics, Vol. 31, 1998, 61-94 
+doi: 10.5774/31-0-57
+
+75 
+On this proposal the structure underlying the embedded sentence in (15) will take roughly the 
+fonn in (20). The subject sy, the object die deur, and the adverbial nooit have already been 
+moved overtly in (20); the various overt movements involving F(v), i.e. the F-features of the V 
+s/uit, are not indicated. 
+(20) 
+CP 
+C ~AgrSp2 
+I 
+~ 
+OOt 
+NP; 
+AgrSpl 
+I 
+......--.. 
+sy 
+AgrS 
+TP 
+T """"'-""'NegP' 
+~ 
+AP. 
+NegPl 
+I 
+..,...,..--.. 
+nooil 
+Neg 
+AgrOp2 
+I 
+~ 
+NIE 
+NPj 
+AgrOpl 
+I 
+~ 
+me~ur AgrO 
+~ 
+~ 
+AP 
+vp2 
+I 
+/""--.... 
+It. 
+NP 
+vpl 
+I 
+/""--.... 
+t; 
+V 
+NP 
+I 
+I 
+slult 
+tj 
+F(v) 
+LC(v) 
+However, an analysis along the lines in (20), with NIE representing the head of NegP, is 
+problematic in various respects. Firstly, NIE does not appear in sentence-final position, but to 
+the left of the direct object die deur and the V s/uit. Since only leftward, upward movements 
+are provided for within the Minimalist Program, NIE cannot be moved to the right into final 
+position. To derive the surface word order of (15), both the V and the object would therefore 
+have to move overtly to positions to the left of NIE. However, it is not at all clear which 
+positions, if any, could serve as possible landing sites for these two constituents. In the case of 
+Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics, Vol. 31, 1998, 61-94 
+doi: 10.5774/31-0-57
+
+76 
+the object die deur, (20) does not contain an apparent Specifier position to which the NP could 
+be moved; and even if such a position were postulated, it is not clear how/whether the relevant 
+operation could be motivated in terms of strong N-feature checking. In the case of the V sluit, 
+it could be argued that both F(v) and LC(v) are adjoined to Neg. But this then raises the 
+question why LC(v) has to be moved overtly. This cannot be because F(v) will be stranded in 
+Neg without LC-features: Neg already contains such features (spelled out as NIB), and F(v) 
+will in any case be combined in the course of the derivation with the LC-features in C (cf. the 
+representation in (1 0) above). 
+A second problem with the analysis in (20) concerns sentences containing two NIE's, one 
+associated with sentential negation (NIE2), and the other with constituent negation (NIEI; cf. 
+note 1). Consider the following examples; in each case NIE! is associated with the preceding 
+negation word. 
+(2I)(a) 
+Ek sal jou nooit (NIEJ) vergeet NIE2 
+I will you never (not) forget not 
+'I will never forget you' 
+(b) 
+Niemand anders (NIEJ) het opgedaag NIE2 
+no-one else (not) has arrived not 
+'No-one else arrived' 
+(c) 
+Dit blyk dat sy absoluut niks (NIEJ) /can onthou NIE2 
+it seems that she absolutely nothing (not) can remember not 
+'It seems that she can remember absolutely nothing' 
+(d) 
+Jy weet mos dat ons nie sommer (NIEJ) vir jou sal jok NIE2 
+you know of-course that we not just (not) for you will lie not 
+'You should know that we won't lie to you for no reason' 
+NIBI shares at least two general properties with the sentence-final nie, NIE2. Firstly, as shown 
+in (21), NIE! can be omitted without causing ungrarnmaticality or a change of meaning. And 
+secondly, NIE! cannot be modified: 
+Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics, Vol. 31, 1998, 61-94 
+doi: 10.5774/31-0-57
+
+(22)(a) 
+(b) 
+(c) 
+77 
+Ek sal jou noDi! (*glad) NIEI vergeet NIE2 
+Niemand anders (*hykans) NIEI het opgedaag NIE2 
+Di! blyk dat sy niks (*absoluut) NIEI /can onthou NIE2 
+It thus seems reasonable to take NIEl (like the sentence-final nie) to be a functional item, 
+rather than a substantive item like the negation words nooit, niemand, nie, etc. Within the 
+Minimalist Program a functional category is projected only if it is necessary for the licensing of 
+a substantive item X, in other words, if it can be checked against a particular F-feature of X. 
+Each F(x) will thus result in the projection of one, and only one, corresponding functional 
+category. This explains, for example, why a structure with only one finite, intransitive verb 
+cannot have more than one AgrS or T. Consider now the assumption (14)(b) above. In terms 
+of (14)(b) the functional category Neg is projected only if the structure contains a substantive 
+category with a [+ neg] F-feature. It furthermore follows from the general assumption about 
+the occurrence of functional categories that the selection of such a substantive category cannot 
+result in the projection of more than one Neg. The problem which sentences like those in (21) 
+pose for the analysis in (20) should now be obvious: each of these sentences contains two 
+functional items NIE, which implies that the structure must contain two functional categories 
+Neg. In fact, though, each sentence contains only one substantive item with a [+ neg] feature, 
+which means that only one Neg can be projected. IfNIEl is taken to be the phonetic realisation 
+of the single projected Neg, NIE2 would thus be left without a structural position, and vice 
+versa. 
+A third problem for the analysis in (20) concerns sentences like the foUowing: 
+(23)(a) 
+(b) 
+Sy wend geen poging aan NIE om my te help NlE 
+she turns no attempt on not for me to help not 
+'She makes no attempt to help me' 
+Dis nie duidelik NIE of hy sal/com NIE 
+it-is not clear not whether he will come not 
+·'It's not clear whether he will come' 
+Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics, Vol. 31, 1998, 61-94 
+doi: 10.5774/31-0-57
+
+78 
+(c) 
+Baie mense sal nie die grondwet lees NIE as dit net in een taal geskryf is NIE 
+many people will not the constitution read not if it only in one language written is not 
+'Many people won't read the constitution ifit is only written in one language' 
+(d) 
+Door is geen leans NIE dat die Springbokke hu/le opponente sal onderskat NIE 
+there is no chance not that the Springboks their opponents will underestimate not 
+'There's no chance that the Springboks will underestimate their opponents' 
+(e) 
+Sy wil niks doen NlE as jy vir hoar goon lag NlE 
+she will nothing do not if you for her go laugh not 
+'She doesn't want to do anything if you're going to laugh at her' 
+(f) 
+Ek was nie seker NlE of jy ook wou saamkom NIE 
+I was not sure not whether you also wanted-to along-come not 
+'I wasn't sure whether you would have liked to come along as well' 
+The sentences in (23) each contain two NIE's, one in the main clause and one in the subordi-
+nate clause. If NIB is the phonetic realisation of the functional category Neg, it follows that 
+every main and subordinate clause in these examples must contain a functional head Neg. In 
+terms of the assumption (14)(b), however, a Neg can only be projected if the relevant structure 
+contains a substantive item with the F-feature [+ neg]. The main clauses in (23) each contain 
+such an item (viz. the negation words geen, nie, niks), but not the subordinate clauses. Since 
+the non-occurrence of a negation word implies the non-occurrence of Neg, the final nie in the 
+subordinate clauses in (23) is therefore left without a structural position. 
+A similar problem is found with sentences like those in (24) below, each of which contains a 
+NIE without any accompanying negation word. Here, too, the non-occurrence of a negation 
+word implies the non-occurrence of Neg, leaving NIE without a structural position. It should 
+be noted, however, that the acceptability judgements of native speakers vary considerably with 
+regard to sentences of the type in (24); some speakers find such sentences unacceptable or at 
+best marginally acceptable. IS 
+Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics, Vol. 31, 1998, 61-94 
+doi: 10.5774/31-0-57
+
+79 
+(24)(a). 
+Ek Jean tog onmoontlik aIleen die werkdoen (NIE) 
+I can surely impossible alone the work do (not) 
+'Surely 1 can't be expected to do the work on my own' 
+(b) 
+Jy hoejmy noulih daarvan te oortuig (NlE) 
+you have-to me hardly it-of convince (not) 
+'You hardly have to convince me of that' 
+(c) 
+Hy is weinig meer as 'n beginner (NlE) 
+he is little more than a beginner (not) 
+'He's little more than a beginner' 
+(d) 
+Jy vra vemiet oj ek jou SlJI help (NlE) 
+you ask in-vain whether 1 you will help (not) 
+'It's no use asking me to help you' 
+(e) 
+1Ek sou dit /cwalik sonder sy huIp kon regkry (NlE) 
+I would it hardly without his help could right-get (not) 
+'I would hardly have been able to manage it without his assistance' 
+(f) 
+10m het skaars gesit (NlE), tOe begin die lawaai al weer 
+we have scarcely sat (not), then begins the noise yet again 
+·'We had hardly sat down when the racket started again' 
+In sum, then, the proposal to analyse NIB as the phonetic realisation of the functional head 
+Neg, as in the structure (20), seems to be unacceptable. Given that NIB is a functional item, as 
+was argued above, there is the question ofwbich other functional category it could belong to, 
+and in which hierarchical position the relevant category would be projected. Suppose such a 
+category X is postulated, one which can be spelled out as NIB. Even though NIE appears in 
+sentence-final position in the visible PF-representation, X cannot be projected in this position. 
+The reason for this is that functional categories (e. g. Agr, T, C) occur to the Jeft and above the 
+system of substantive categories within the Minimalist Program. To put it differently, neither in 
+main clauses nor in subordinate clauses is it possible to project a functional category to the 
+right and/or below the vpl6 Hence X must be one of the functional categories above the VP. 
+Suppose now for the sake of the argument that X is projected directly above the VP in the 
+Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics, Vol. 31, 1998, 61-94 
+doi: 10.5774/31-0-57
+
+80 
+derivation of an embedded sentence like the one in (IS), dat ~ nooil die deur sluit NIE. The 
+structure underlying (15) would then roughly take the form in (25). In this structure the subject 
+~, the object die deur and the adverbial nooit have already been moved overtly; the movement 
+operations involving F(v) are not indicated. 
+(25) 
+CP 
+C~AgrSp2 
+I 
+dot 
+~ 
+AgrS 
+TP. 
+~ 
+T 
+Negp2 
+~ 
+APk 
+NegP' 
+I 
+~ 
+nooit 
+Neg 
+AgrOpl 
+-----
+NPj 
+AgrOpl 
+I 
+~ 
+die deur 
+AgrO 
+XP 
+vp' ...------ X 
+~~E 
+t. 
+ti 
+V 
+tj 
+I 
+sluit 
+F(v) 
+LC(v) 
+In structural terms the VP in (25) represents the complement of the functional head X. Notice 
+that the VP forms a left-complement of X, thereby expressing the fact that NIE occupies the 
+sentence-final position in the surface word order. In section 2, however, it was pointed out that 
+the Minimalist Program provides for only one general, underlying word order, viz. Spec-head-
+complement. Thus, even though the complement-head order in the structure (25) can describe 
+the sentence-final position of NIE in (15), it is unacceptable on general theoretical grounds, 
+which raises serious doubts about the merit of an analysis along the lines in (25).1l 
+Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics, Vol. 31, 1998, 61-94 
+doi: 10.5774/31-0-57
+
+81 
+We have now examined various proposals for the analysis of NIB, and it was argued in each 
+case that there are empirical and/or theoretical considerations which reflect negatively on the 
+merit of the proposal. We tum now to a possible alternative which is apparently not subject to 
+the same objections. The central hypotheses of this proposal may be formulated as follows: 
+(26)(a) 
+NIB is the phonetic realisation of a functional head which can be indicated with the 
+category label Pol(arity). 
+(b) 
+Pol is projected as the topmost functional category in sentence structure, e.g. 
+above AgrSP in sentence-initial main clauses and above CP in embedded sentences. 
+(c) 
+Pol is projected in accordance with the universal underlying word order postulated 
+within the Minimalist Program, viz. Spec-head-complement; in other words, Pol is 
+projected upwards and to the left in sentence structure, taking its relevant sister-
+constituent (e.g. AgrSP or CP) as a right-complement. 
+In tenns of these hypotheses, the structure underlying the embedded sentence in (l 5) may be 
+represented as in (27) below. The subject sy, the object die deur and the adverbial nooit have 
+already been moved overtly; the movement operations involving F(v) are not indicated (cf the 
+representation in (1 0) above). 
+(27) 
+PolP 
+Po1~CP 
+~E 
+C """"--AgrSpl 
+I 
+.........---
+dat 
+NPi 
+AgrSpl 
+s~ 
+AgrS -------- TP ----
+T 
+Negpl 
+----
+APk 
+Negp 1 
+I 
+...---. 
+. 
+nooit 
+Neg 
+AgrOpl 
+.....---
+NPj 
+AgrOpl 
+I 
+.....----
+die deur 
+AgrO 
+yp3 
+~ 
+tk 
+1, 
+V 
+~ 
+I 
+sluit 
+F(v) 
+LC(v) 
+Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics, Vol. 31, 1998, 61-94 
+doi: 10.5774/31-0-57
+
+82 
+The question now is how the surface word order of (15), with N1E in sentence-final position, 
+can be derived from the underlying structure (27). Within the Minimalist Program there seems 
+to be only one possibility, viz. to move the entire CP overtly to the specifIer position of Pol. 
+Overt movement of a phrase yP to the Spec of a functional head X is only possible, however, 
+if yP contains a particular F-feature that must be checked before Spell-Out against the 
+corresponding strong N-jealure of X. In other words, X will attract yP only if X can gain a 
+feature value in the process. IfCP-to-Pol is the only way in which N1E can end up in sentence-
+final position, it thus follows that CP contains an F-feature that must be checked against the 
+corresponding F(= N)-feature of Pol. And since the operation is an overt one, it also follows 
+that the relevant feature of Pol must be strong. Given these conclusions, the obvious question 
+is which F-feature is involved in CP-to-Pof. Apparently such a feature cannot be associated 
+with one of the substantive phrases in (27), i.e. with the VP, the subject.ry, the object die deur, 
+or the AP nooi!. If this were the case, Pol would simply attract one of these phrases, and NlE 
+would not end up in sentence-final position. The feature also cannot be exclusively associated 
+with C (and via percolation, with CP) since Pol, according to the hypothesis (26)(b), is postu-
+lated in subject-initial main clauses as wel~ which lack a (C)P. This then suggests the following 
+working hypothesis, in terms of which the relevant feature is associated with V: 
+(28) Verbs have an F-feature [ poll with a particular value in 'negative polarity' sentences 
+(e.g. sentences containing negation words like niemand, nooil, nie, etc.); this feature is 
+checked against the corresponding strong N-jea/ure of the functional category Pol, 
+which means that the N-feature is supplied with a value. 18 
+Given (28), it could be argued that [ poll forms part of the F -features, F(v), of the V sluit in 
+(27) (though cf. note 18). It was explained in section 2 that F(v) is involved in at least four 
+overt movement operations in such an embedded sentence structure, viz. (i) F(v)-to-AgrO, (ii) 
+AgrOI-to-T, (iii) TI-to-AgrS, and (iv) AgrSI_to~C (cf. the representation in (10)). In the case 
+of(27) the effect of these operations may be illustrated as follows: 
+Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics, Vol. 31, 1998, 61-94 
+doi: 10.5774/31-0-57
+
+83 
+(29) 
+PolP 
+Pol --------- CP 
+~lE 
+Cl~AgrSp2 
+: .......... ~ ~C ~ 
+/"'--..... 
+I 
+sy 
+AgrS' 
+TP 
+T' 
+AgrS 
+dat 
+I 
+/'-... 
+AgIO' 
+T 
+/"'--.. 
+F(v) 
+AgrO 
+•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 1 
+T' 
+Negp2 
+I.~ 
+nooit 
+Neg 
+AgrOp2 
+~ 
+die deur 
+Agr01 
+vp3 
+................ !~ L 
+sluit 
+LC(v) 
+F(v)-t 
+The last operation in (29), i.e. AgrSl_to-C, results in F(v) being incorporated into the complex. 
+functional head Ci F(v) is furthermore available via percolation at the projections ofC i , in this 
+case the maximal projection CPo In terms of the hypothesis (28) [ pol] is associated with F(v); 
+at this stage of the derivation it is also the only F-feature that is still unchecked. Hence, since 
+the CP contains an F-feature that can supply a value to the corresponding strong N-feature of 
+the functional head Pol, it follows that the CP is attracted to [Spec, Pol] in the overt syntax. In 
+this way, then, the surface word order of the embedded sentence in (15) can be derived, with 
+NIB in sentence-final position. 
+The above analysis of embedded negative sentences like the one in (15) also holds for subject-
+initial main clauses with NIE, except of course that such main clauses do not contain a CPo 
+Consider again the example in (1 )(a), repeated here as (30). In the derivation of this sentence 
+the F-features of the V are moved to the functional head AgrS via at least three operations, viz. 
+F(v)-to-AgrO, AgrOl_to_ T, and T1-to-AgrS (31) illustrates the effect of these operations. 
+Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics, Vol. 31, 1998, 61-94 
+doi: 10.5774/31-0-57
+
+84 
+(30) Sy sluit nooit die deur NIE 
+(31) 
+Pol 
+NIE 
+PolP 
+-------- AgrSpl 
+------
+NP 
+AgrSP' 
+I 
+~ 
+sy 
+AgrSI 
+TP 
+................ ~I\ 
+T' 
+AgrS 
+/\ 
+AgrO' 
+T 
+/\ 
+F(v) 
+AgrO 
+~ 
+NegP 
+~~ 
+nooit 
+AgrOP 
+~ 
+die deur 
+VP 
+~6 
+s/uil 
+: ....................................... ; 
+F(v)-t 
+LC-(v) 
+The last movement operation in (31), Tl-to-AgrS, results in F(v) being stranded in a functional 
+head AgrS' which does not contain any LC-features, and which therefore does not constitute a 
+legitimate (interpretable) PF-object. The structure moreover lacks a C(P) with LC-features to 
+which AgrSI can be adjoined. Although the functional head Pol contains LC-features (spelled 
+out as NIE), it does not have a V -feature that can attract AgrS 1 for checking purposes: in 
+terms of the proposed analysis Pol only contains a strong Nj"ealure, which must be supplied 
+with a value in a Spec-head configuration. The only way in which F(v) can be combined with 
+LC-features in (31) is thus to adjoin LC(v), as a last resort, to AgrS' (cf. the representation in 
+(II) above). What is important about the structure (31), however, is that F(v) -- and therefore 
+the [ pol ]-feature as weU -- forms part of AgrS \ and is furthermore also available at AgrSpl 
+via percolation. Hence for the strong N-feature of Pol to be supplied with a value, AgrSp2 is 
+Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics, Vol. 31, 1998, 61-94 
+doi: 10.5774/31-0-57
+
+85 
+attracted to [Spec, Pol], where feature checking can take place in a Spec-head configuration. 
+This yields the surface word order of the sentence in (30), with NlE in final position. 
+The preceding discussion sketched the outlines of a possible minimalist analysis of NIB, one 
+which incorporates the hypotheses in (26) and (28). To end this section, let us briefly consider 
+two empirical consequences of the proposed analysis. In terms of(28), the occurrence ofNTE 
+(as the phonetic realisation of the functional category Pol) is ascribed to the presence of an F-
+feature [ pol ], which is assumed, as a working hypothesis, to form part of the feature compo-
+sition of V. On this analysis, then, the presence ofNIE is not dependent on the presence of a 
+negation word such as nooit, niemand, nie, etc. Hence it should be possible to get well-formed 
+sentences (i) with a negation word but without NIE, and (ii) with NlE but without a negation 
+word. Both predictions appear to be correct. Firstly, as was illustrated with the examples in 
+(18), NIE can be omitted from sentences containing a negation word like nooit, nie, geen, etc. 
+without causing ungrarnmaticality or a change of meaning. 
+And secondly, it is apparently 
+possible for NIE to occur in sentences that do not contain a negation word, as was illustrated 
+in (23) and (24). 
+4. 
+Summary 
+This paper examined the possibilities which the Minimalist Program presents for the analysis of 
+the sentence-final nie in Afrikaans negative sentences. A brief overview was given in section 2 
+of the relevant minimalist assumptions and mechanisms, and against this background various 
+possible analyses ofNlE were critically examined in section 3. It was argued that NIB does not 
+represent a substantive item, and more specifically, that it cannot be classified as a member of 
+the class of negation words. One possibility, the~ is to analyse NIE as the phonetic realisation 
+of the functional category Neg, where the projection of Neg is determined by the selection of a 
+substantive item with the F-feature [+ neg J, that is to say, a negation word like nooit, geen, 
+niks, nie, etc. Another possibility is to analyse NIE as the realisation of a functional category 
+X, not Neg, which is projected above and to the right of the VP. It was argued on the basis of 
+Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics, Vol. 31, 1998, 61-94 
+doi: 10.5774/31-0-57
+
+86 
+empirical and theoretical considerations that neither of these possibilities provides an accept-
+able framework for the description ofNIE. We subsequently considered a third possibility, one 
+which incorporates the hypotheses in (26) and (28), summarised in (32). 
+(32)(a) 
+Verbs have an F-feature [ pol] with a particular value in 'negative polarity' sen-
+tences (e.g. sentences which contain a negation word like niemand, noait, geen, 
+nie, etc.); the presence of this feature induces the projection of a functional 
+category Pol(arity) for checking purposes. 
+(b) 
+Pol is projected in accordance with the (universal) underlying order Spec-head-
+complement, and forms the topmost functional category in sentence structure; NIE 
+represents the phonetic realisation of the functional head Pol. 
+(c) 
+Pol has a strong N-feature [ pol ], which must be supplied with a value in a Spec-
+head configuration before Spell-Out; Pol accordingly attracts a phrase in the overt 
+syntax which contains, via percolation, the [pol ]-feature associated with V. 
+A central premise of the proposed analysis, as expressed in (32)(b), is that NIE represents a 
+functional item which initially occupies the first structural position of the sentence, i.e. the head 
+position ofPolP. However, the operation in (32)(c) results in NIE ending up in sentence-final 
+position before Spell-Out, thus accounting for the surface word order of negative sentences. In 
+terms of (32)(a), the presence ofNIE is ascribed to the presence of an F(v)-feature [ pol ], and 
+not to the selection of a negation word or to the projection of a functional category Neg. It 
+thus follows that NIE should be able to occur without a negation word, and vice versa; 
+empirical support for these consequences was presented in (18), (23) and (24). In short, then, 
+it would appear that the proposed analysis provides an adequate description of the relevant 
+facts within the framework .of minimalist assumptions and mechanisms outlined in section 2. 
+Obviously, this does not imply that the analysis is without potential problems. Questions such 
+as the following, for example, still need to be addressed: 
+Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics, Vol. 31, 1998, 61-94 
+doi: 10.5774/31-0-57
+
+(33)(a) 
+87 
+The exact content of the notion 'polarity', and more specifically 'negative polarity', 
+in (32)(a). 
+(b) 
+The connection, if any, between 'negative polarity' on the one hand and 'sentential 
+negation' on the other. 
+(c) 
+The grammatical function ofNIE (which intuitively serves as some sort of scope 
+marker, an item which delimits the structural domain of 'negative polarity'). 
+(d) 
+The grammatical similarities/differences between the N1E that is associated with 
+sentential negation and the NIE that is associated with constituent negation. 
+(e) 
+The question whether I pol] represents an F-feature that is (exclusively) associated 
+with verbs, or whether it (initially) enters a structure via the lexical selection of a 
+negation word (or a negative-entailment item) (cf. notes 15 and 18). 
+(f) 
+The question whether the functional category Pol is exclusively associated with 
+'negative polarity', in other words, whether provision should also be made for the 
+projection of a 'positive counterpart' in structures with a 'positive polarity'. 
+To end, one further potential empirical problem should be noted. In all the examples of nega-
+tive sentences that were presented in this paper, NlE appears in sentence-final position, which 
+is the standard pattern in Afiikaans. But NIE lan also occur in non-final position, as illustrated 
+by the pairs of sentences in (34) and (35). 
+(34)(a) 
+Niemand is afgestuur in daardie wedflryd NIE 
+no-one was sent-off in that match not 
+'No-one was sent off in that game' 
+(b) 
+Hy wit nerens heen gaon in die aand NIE 
+he wants-to nowhere to go in the evening not 
+'He doesn't want to go anywhere in the evenings' 
+(c) 
+Ek kon nie 'n op/ossing kry vir die probleem NIE 
+I could not a solution get for the problem not 
+'1 couldn't find a solution for the problem' 
+Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics, Vol. 31, 1998, 61-94 
+doi: 10.5774/31-0-57
+
+88 
+(d) 
+Sy het nih gese op die vergadering NIE 
+she has nothing said at the meeting not 
+'She said nothing at the meeting' 
+(e) 
+Niemanti is beseer in die aanval NIE 
+no-one was hurt in the attack not 
+'No-one was hurt in the attack' 
+(35)(a) 
+(b) 
+(c) 
+(d) 
+(e) 
+Niemanti is afgestuur NIE in daardie wedstryd 
+Hy wil nerens heen goon NIE in die aand 
+Ek kon me 'n oplossing kry NIE vir die probleem 
+Sy het nih gese NIE op die vergadering 
+Niemanti is beseer NIE in die aanval 
+The examples in (35) each have an 'extraposed' PP in sentence-final position, which is clearly 
+probJematical for the proposed analysis of NIE (cf the hypotheses in (32)(b, C».19 This 
+problem, like the questions in (33), is left here as a topic for further investigation. It should 
+however be noted that the problem posed by the examples in (35) is not confined to negative 
+sentences. As the examples in (36) show, PP's can apparently occur freely in different 
+structural positions in positive sentences as well. As far as could be ascertained, a proper 
+account of this phenomenon has not yet been presented within the Minimalist Program, at least 
+not for Afrikaans. 
+(36)(a) 
+Sy het op die vergadering iets gese 
+she has at the meeting something said 
+'She said something at the meeting' 
+(b) 
+Sy het iets op die vergadering gese 
+(c) 
+Sy het iets gese op die vergadering 
+Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics, Vol. 31, 1998, 61-94 
+doi: 10.5774/31-0-57
+
+89 
+NOTES 
+I. 
+An Afrikaans version of this paper was read in August 1997 at the 13th Colloquium 
+NeeTlandicum in Leiden, The Netherlands. I wish to thank the Intemationale Vereniging 
+voor Neerlandistiek and the University of Cape Town for making the visit financially 
+possible. 
+In addition to sentential negation, as in (1)-(5), the final nie is also found with constituent 
+negation in Afrikaans, that is, in cases where a specific phrase is negated by means of a 
+negation word. This is illustrated by the examples in (i). 
+(i)(a) 
+Hy sit altyd op die bank, [noo;t op die stoel NIE] 
+(pP negated) 
+he sits always on the sofa, never on the chair not 
+'He always sits on the sofa, never on the chair' 
+(b) 
+Die man, [n;edie vrou NIE]. het vir my gebel 
+(NP negated) 
+'The man, not the woman not, has for me telephoned 
+'The man phoned me, not the woman' 
+(c) Hu/le is gesond, maar [nie baiefiks NIE] 
+(AP negated) 
+they are healthy, but not very tit not 
+'They're healthy, but not very fit' 
+The syntax of constituent negation falls outside the scope of this paper and will not be 
+considered further here. 
+2. 
+See Haegeman 1995 and the references cited there; see also Hornstein 1995 and Langer 
+1995. 
+3. 
+But see also Robbers 1992. For general, non-generative, descriptions of negation in 
+Afrikaans see Ponelis 1979; Donaldson 1993. See e.g. Den Besten 1986 in connection 
+with the origin of the 'double negative' in Afrikaans. 
+4. 
+The overview in section 2 is based primarily on Chomsky 1994, 1995; and Zwart 1997. 
+See also Bennis 1994, 1995; Broekhuis & Den Dikken 1993; Cook & Newson 1996: ch. 
+9; Epstein, Thrainsson & Zwart 1996; Marantz 1995; Radford 1997; Taraldsen 1996; 
+Zwart 1993. 
+5. 
+See Zwart 1997: 160-173 for the proposal that phonological features are only added 
+after Spell-Out, in a post-syntactic PF-component Morphology. 
+6. 
+It is assumed for the purposes of this paper that the F- and LC-features associated with a 
+phrase XP are always moved as a whole during overt movement ofXP; see Zwart 1997: 
+186ff 
+7. 
+See Zwart 1997: 157-159,202-204. 
+Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics, Vol. 31, 1998, 61-94 
+doi: 10.5774/31-0-57
+
+90 
+8. 
+See Zwart 1993 and Hoekstra & Zwart 1994 for the proposal that C(P) is split into the 
+two functional categories Wh(P) and Top(P); see Oosthuizen 1996 for an application of 
+this proposal in the analysis of word order phenomena in Afrikaans wh-questions. It is 
+also generally accepted in the literature that NP forms part of the functional category DP 
+(Determiner Phrase). For ease of exposition these two proposals will not be implemented 
+here. 
+9. 
+See Kayne 1993; Chomsky 1994: 25-31; Bennis 1995. 
+10. 
+See Zwart 1997: 136-146,204-205. 
+11. 
+It is possible in non-standard varieties of Afrikaans (including Colloquial Afrikaans) for 
+an embedded sentence that is introduced by an overt complementiser to have the surface 
+SVO order associated with subject initial main clauses. For examples and discussion see 
+Robbers 1997 and the references cited there. It is not clear exactly how this phenomenon 
+can be accounted for within the minimalist framework outlined in this section. See Zwart 
+1997: 234-241 for an analysis of similar embedded verb second phenomena in Yiddish, 
+Icelandic, Mainland Scandinavian and Frisian. 
+12. 
+A sentence like (12)(a) Sy siuit (nooit) die deur nie is acceptable without the negation 
+word (Le. the time adverbial nooit), but then the nie functions as a negation word, with 
+the sentence expressing a meaning that can be paraphrased roughly as 'She definitely 
+doesn't lock the door', that is, without a time indication. 
+13. 
+See e.g. Pollock 1989. 
+14. 
+A possibility that could be considered here is to postulate a functional category Focus 
+above AgrOP, which overtly attracts a substantive category with the F-feature [+ focus]. 
+See Langer 1995 for an analysis of 'scrambling' phenomena in German in terms of the 
+feature [ focus ]. 
+15. 
+Although the examples in (24) do not contain any negation words, they all entail negative 
+expressions. For example, (c) implies that he hasn't got much experience and (d) that I 
+will not help you. In each case the negative entailment can be traced to a specific item, 
+viz. onmoontiik, nou/iles, weinig, vemiet, kwaiik, and skaars, respectively. For ease of 
+reference these items may be termed 'negative-entailment items' (or 'entailment-
+reversing items'). 
+The differences/similarities between negative-entailment items and 
+negation words such as nooit, nie, niles, geen, etc. will not be investigated in this paper. 
+See e.g. Hoeksema (n.d.) and the references cited there for discussion of entailment-
+reversing items in Dutch and English. 
+16. 
+A functional category like DP (see note 8) can of course occur to the right under the VP 
+as the complement of a transitive V. But such a structure is the result of Merge, whereas 
+the type of structure under discussion concerns the projection of a functional category on 
+the basis of the F-feature composition of a V (or possibly a negation word). DP is 
+projected on the basis of the F-features of a substantive category lower down in the 
+Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics, Vol. 31, 1998, 61-94 
+doi: 10.5774/31-0-57
+
+91 
+structure (i.e. contained within the OP); after which the OP is merged with a categorial 
+head, e.g. V. 
+17. 
+This conclusion follows irrespective of where in the structure X is projected, that is, it 
+also holds if X appears above T(P), Neg(P), Agr(P) or C(P). 
+18. 
+This hypothesis raises two important questions. First, which substantive category serves 
+as the initial 'source' of the F-feature [ pol], in other words, as part of which category's 
+feature composition is [ poll introduced into the computational system? One possibility 
+might be that [ pol] represents an F(v), so that it enters the derivation via the lexical 
+selection of a verb; (28) is formulated in terms of this possibility. Another possibility 
+might be for [ pol] to be introduced via the· selection of a negation word (or a negative-
+entailment item like nou/iks, weinig, kwa/ik, etc. as in (24); see note 15); [ pol] could 
+then be 'picked up' at the appropriate functional category during overt head-to-head 
+movement ofF(v), e.g. by adjoining F(v) to the functional head Neg in the course of the 
+derivation. Although [ pol] is referred to as an F-feature that is associated with verbs in 
+(28) and in the rest of the discussion (Le. the first possibility mentioned above), this is 
+done purely for the sake of convenience. The essential aspects of the analysis below 
+would also hold if [ pol] is combined with F(v) at a later stage of the derivation (as 
+expressed by the second possibility). The second question raised by the hypothesis (28) 
+concerns the exact content of the notion 'negative polarity sentence' on the one hand, 
+and the relationship, if any, between sentential negation and 'negative polarity' on the 
+other hand. These questions will not be investigated further here. 
+19. 
+As shown by the examples in (i), sentences like those in (35) can also occur with afinal 
+NIE, that is, with two NIB's (see also (23) for similar examples). It is not clear whether/ 
+how this phenomenon relates to the problem under discussion. 
+(i)(a) 
+Niemand is afgestuur NIE in daardie wedstryd NIE 
+(b) 
+Hy wi/ nerens heen gaan NIE in die aand NIE 
+( c) 
+Ek kon nie 'n op/ossing lay NIE vir die prob/eem NIE 
+Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics, Vol. 31, 1998, 61-94 
+doi: 10.5774/31-0-57
+
+92 
+REFERENCES 
+Abraham, w., S.D. Epstein, H. Thrainsson & l.W. Zwart (eds.). 1996. Minimal ideas. 
+Syntactic studies in the minimalist framework. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 
+Bennis, H. 1994. 'Waar is het werkwoord? Deel I: het minimalistische kader'. Spekfator, 
+23(3): 171-190 
+Bennis, H. 1995. 'Waar is het werkwoord? Deel II: antisymmetrie'. Spekiator,24(2): 130-146. 
+Broekhuis, H. & M. Den Dilcken. 1993. 'Chomsky's rninirnalistische programma' Tabu. 
+Bulletin voor Taaiwetenscap, Groningen, (23)(4). 
+Chomsky, N. 1994. Bare phrase structure. In Webelhuth (ed.). 
+Chomsky, N. 1995. The minimalist program. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. 
+Cook, V.l. & M. Newson. 1996. Chomsky's universal grammar (2nd ed.). Oxford: Blackwell. 
+Den Besten, H 1986. 'Double negation and the genesis of Afrikaans'. In Muysken, P. & N. 
+Smith (eds.). Substrata versus universals in creole genesis. Papers from the Amsterdam 
+Creole Workshop, April 1985. Amsterdam: John Benjarnins 
+Donaldson, B. 1993. A grammar 0/ Afrikaans. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter. 
+Epstein, S.D., H. Thrainsson & l.W. Zwart. 1996. 'Introduction'. In Abraham, W. et al (eds.) 
+Fodor, 1. & 1. Katz (eds.). 1964. The strocture 0/ language. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall. 
+Haegeman, L. 1995. The syntax o/negation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 
+Hoeksema, 1. (n.d.) Negative polarity items: triggering, scope and c-cornmand. Manuscript, 
+University of Groningen. 
+Hoekstra, E. & l.W. Zwart. 1994. 'De structuur van de CPo Functionele projecties voor topics 
+en vraagwoorden in het Nederlands'. Spektator, 23(3): 191-212. 
+Hornstein, N. 1995. Logical/arm. From GB to minima/ism. Oxford: Blackwell. 
+Jackendoff, R. 1972. Semantic interpretation in generative grammar. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT 
+Press. 
+Kayne, R. 1993. The antisymmetry of syntax. Manuscript, City University of New York. 
+Klima, E. 1964. 'Negation in English'. In Fodor & Katz (eds.). 
+Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics, Vol. 31, 1998, 61-94 
+doi: 10.5774/31-0-57
+
+93 
+Kraak, A. 1966. Negatieve zinnen. Hilversum: De Haan. 
+Langer, N. 1995. 'Scrambling is not optional.' Newccmle & Durham Working Papers in 
+Linguisics, 3: 125-145. 
+Marantz, A. 1995. The minimalist program. In Webelhuth (ed.). 
+Oosthuizen, J. 1996. 'Minimalisme en woordordevariasie in Afiikaanse vraagsinne'. Spil Plus, 
+29: 71-98. Department of General Linguistics, University of Stellenbosch. 
+Pollock, J-Y. 1989. 'Verb movement, universal grammar and the structure ofIP'. Linguistic 
+Inquiry, 20(3): 365-424. 
+Ponelis, FA 1979. Afrikaanse sintaksis. Pretoria: Van Schaik.. 
+Radford, A. 1997. Syntax. A minimalist introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 
+Robbers, K. 1992. Properties of negation in Afrikaans and Italian. Manuscript, University of 
+Amsterdam. 
+Robbers, K. 1997. Non-finite verbal complements in Afrikaans. (HIL dissertations, 33.) Den 
+Haag: Holland Academic Graphics. 
+Taraldsen, T. 1996. 'Review of N. Chomsky, The Minimalist Program'. Glot international, 
+2(3). 
+Waher, H. 1978. Die probleem van die bereik van die ontkenning met spesiale verwysing na 
+Afrikaans. Unpublished dissertation, University of Cape ToWTI. 
+Webelhuth, G. (ed.). 1995. Government and binding theory and the minimalist program. 
+Oxford: Blackwell. 
+Zwart, 1. W. 1993. Dutch synta:c. A minimalist approoch. Groningen Dissertation in Linguistics 
+10. Universiteitsdrukkerij, Groningen. 
+Zwart, 1. W. 1997. Morphosyntax oj verb movement. A minimalist approach to the syntax oj 
+Dutch. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. 
+Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics, Vol. 31, 1998, 61-94 
+doi: 10.5774/31-0-57
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/07df6b20ca8eeee5.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/07df6b20ca8eeee5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..94c3c9d0c05565ba6f71c9e1beceeadab9dec942
--- /dev/null
+++ b/corpus/humanities/text/07df6b20ca8eeee5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+Corrigendum: Validation of the German Version of the Music-Empathizing-Music-Systemizing (MEMS) Inventory (Short Version)
+
+Post hoc analyses using repeated contrasts (and thus comparing ME to MS) show that MS more often reported actively engaging in musical activities (e.g., playing an instrument) (p ≤ 0.001), whereas ME more often reported experiencing music-induced chills while listening to music (p ≤ 0.001).
+
+CORRECTION
+published: 28 September 2018
+doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00228
+Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience | www.frontiersin.org
+1
+September 2018 | Volume 12 | Article 228
+Approved by:
+Frontiers In Behavioral Neuroscience
+Editorial Office,
+Frontiers Media SA, Switzerland
+*Correspondence:
+Urs M. Nater
+urs.nater@univie.ac.at
+Received: 10 September 2018
+Accepted: 11 September 2018
+Published: 28 September 2018
+Citation:
+Linnemann A, Kreutz G, Gollwitzer M
+and Nater UM (2018) Corrigendum:
+Validation of the German Version of
+the Music-Empathizing-Music-
+Systemizing (MEMS) Inventory (Short
+Version).
+Front. Behav. Neurosci. 12:228.
+doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00228
+Corrigendum: Validation of the
+German Version of the Music-
+Empathizing-Music-Systemizing
+(MEMS) Inventory (Short Version)
+Alexandra Linnemann 1, Gunter Kreutz 2, Mario Gollwitzer 3 and Urs M. Nater 4*
+1 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany, 2 Department of Music,
+School for Linguistics and Cultural Studies, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany, 3 Chair of Social
+Psychology, Department Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany, 4 Clinical Psychology,
+Department of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
+Keywords: cognitive style, emotion regulation, music listening, music preference, personality, use of music
+A Corrigendum on
+Validation of the German Version of the Music-Empathizing-Music-Systemizing (MEMS)
+Inventory (Short Version)
+by Linnemann, A., Kreutz, G., Gollwitzer, M., and Nater, U. M. (2018). Front. Behav. Neurosci.
+12:153. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00153
+In the original article, there was an error.
+In the second paragraph of the section Associations Between ME, Balanced, MS, and Music
+Preference, it is written that MS experience more music-induced chills. However, there is a spelling
+error and MS should be replaced by ME. A correction has been made to this paragraph which now
+reads:
+Post-hoc analyses using repeated contrasts (and thus comparing ME to MS) show that MS more
+often reported actively engaging in musical activities (e.g., playing an instrument) (p ≤0.001),
+whereas ME more often reported experiencing music-induced chills while listening to music
+(p ≤0.001).
+The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions
+of the article in any way.
+The original article has been updated.
+Conflict of Interest Statement: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or
+financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
+Copyright © 2018 Linnemann, Kreutz, Gollwitzer and Nater. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the
+Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the
+original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance
+with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/08ca3b69ad120866.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/08ca3b69ad120866.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b4925cfb30158ab08900f37580841c4d4b04f466
--- /dev/null
+++ b/corpus/humanities/text/08ca3b69ad120866.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+Corrigendum: Cooperative and Individual Mandala Drawing Have Different Effects on Mindfulness, Spirituality, and Subjective Well-Being
+
+Missing FundingIn the original article, we neglected to include the funder ** Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Taiwan **, ** Grant MOST 109-2221-E-182 -033 -MY3** to ** Chao Liu, Hao Chen, Chia-Yi Liu, Rung-Tai Lin and Wen-Ko Chiou. The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.
+
+CORRECTION
+published: 19 November 2020
+doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.620699
+Frontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org
+1
+November 2020 | Volume 11 | Article 620699
+Approved by:
+Frontiers Editorial Office,
+Frontiers Media SA, Switzerland
+*Correspondence:
+Wen-Ko Chiou
+wkchiu@mail.cgu.edu.tw
+Specialty section:
+This article was submitted to
+Psychology for Clinical Settings,
+a section of the journal
+Frontiers in Psychology
+Received: 23 October 2020
+Accepted: 27 October 2020
+Published: 19 November 2020
+Citation:
+Liu C, Chen H, Liu C-Y, Lin R-T and
+Chiou W-K (2020) Corrigendum:
+Cooperative and Individual Mandala
+Drawing Have Different Effects on
+Mindfulness, Spirituality, and
+Subjective Well-Being.
+Front. Psychol. 11:620699.
+doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.620699
+Corrigendum: Cooperative and
+Individual Mandala Drawing Have
+Different Effects on Mindfulness,
+Spirituality, and Subjective
+Well-Being
+Chao Liu 1,2, Hao Chen 2, Chia-Yi Liu 3, Rung-Tai Lin 4 and Wen-Ko Chiou 3,5*
+1 College of Aviation, Hua Qiao University, Xiamen, China, 2 Graduate Institute of Business and Management, Chang Gung
+University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, 3 Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, 4 Graduate School
+of Creative Industry Design, National Taiwan University of Arts, New Taipei City, Taiwan, 5 Department of Industrial Design,
+Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
+Keywords: positive psychology, mandala drawings, mindfulness, spirituality, subjective well-being
+A Corrigendum on
+Cooperative and Individual Mandala Drawing Have Different Effects on Mindfulness,
+Spirituality, and Subjective Well-Being
+by Liu, C., Chen, H., Liu, C.-Y., Lin, R.-T., and Chiou, W.-K. (2020). Front. Psychol. 11:564430.
+doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.564430
+In the original article, we neglected to include the funder “Ministry of Science and Technology
+(MOST), Taiwan, Grant MOST 109-2221-E-182-033-MY3 to Chao Liu, Hao Chen, Chia-Yi Liu,
+Rung-Tai Lin, and Wen-Ko Chiou”.
+The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions
+of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.
+Copyright © 2020 Liu, Chen, Liu, Lin and Chiou. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative
+Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original
+author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with
+accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/0bae1e979d4d2748.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/0bae1e979d4d2748.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..87e63a6c68abeeefbea304e26946d20373020bbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/corpus/humanities/text/0bae1e979d4d2748.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,495 @@
+Formas ligadas en los numerales del mochica
+
+Esta nota no presenta resumen.
+
+
+Formas ligadas en los numerales del mochica
+José Antonio Salas García
+Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
+Introducción
+La hoy extinta lengua mochica fue hablada en zonas de la sierra 
+de Piura, en pueblos de Cajamarca, en todo Lambayeque y en La 
+Libertad, posiblemente, hasta Moche. Entre los elementos grama-
+ticales más interesantes de esta lengua, destaca su sistema de nume-
+ración, el cual era de base decimal y tenía dos particularidades. La 
+primera es que contaba con una serie de clasificadores numerales y 
+la segunda, que las cuatro primeras unidades poseían variantes para 
+la composición de numerales superiores. Nuestro propósito en este 
+trabajo consiste en esclarecer esta segunda particularidad. Así, el 
+presente artículo tiene como objeto establecer la relación que existió 
+entre los cuatro primeros numerales del mochica y sus variantes.
+1. Corpus
+El corpus a analizar es el siguiente (Carrera 1644: 182):
+Lexis Vol. XXXII (1) 2008: 147-158
+ISSN 0254-9239
+
+148	 Lexis  Vol. XXXII (1) 2008
+	
+Valor	
+	
+	
+Formas libres	 	
+Formas ligadas
+	
+‘uno’	
+	
+	
+onæc	 	
+ 	 	
+na 
+	
+‘dos’	
+	
+	
+aput	 	
+	 	
+pac
+	
+‘tres’	
+	
+	
+çopæt		
+	 	
+çoc
+	
+‘cuatro’	 	
+	
+nopæt		
+	 	
+noc
+2. 	Definiciones de forma libre y forma ligada 
+Entendemos por formas libres aquellas que se pronuncian sin nece-
+sidad de otros elementos. Por oposición, entendemos como formas 
+ligadas aquellas que dependen de otro elemento para ser pronuncia-
+das. El gramático De la Carrera (1644: 185) se refiere a las formas li-
+gadas “no porque por sí hablen, sino que es forçoso se anteponga[n] 
+al numero”.
+3. 	Comportamiento de las formas ligadas
+Las formas ligadas estaban en distribución complementaria con 
+las formas libres, subcategorizando elementos que operaban como 
+cuantificadores. Estos cuantificadores se pueden dividir en tres cate-
+gorías. La primera categoría estaba formada por las bases decimales 
+del sistema de numeración mochica, esto es, las decenas, centenas o 
+millares. He aquí algunos ejemplos (Carrera 1644: 184-185):
+Numeral:	
+çoc pong 	
+	
+	
+	 	
+= 	
+30
+Glosa:	
+tres decena 
+Numeral:	
+çoc palæc allo nopæt 	
+	 	
+= 	
+304
+Glosa:	
+tres centena conjunción cuatro
+Numeral:	
+pac cunô allo na palæc allo aput 	
+= 	
+2102
+Glosa:	
+dos millar conjunción uno centena conjunción dos
+	 En la gramática de Fernando de la Carrera (1644: 182) aparece la forma <atput>, 
+que creemos es una errata, pues en las demás ocasiones en las que se emplea el nu-
+meral 2 se utiliza la forma <aput>.
+
+	
+	
+Salas • Formas ligadas en los numerales del mochica	 149
+El comportamiento de estas formas ligadas es el de un operador 
+(na, pac, çoc, noc) que liga variables con valores de decena (pong), 
+centena (palæc) o millar (cunô) para multiplicar dichos valores. Por 
+ejemplo, nótese que, en el numeral 30, la forma ligada çoc multiplica 
+por tres el valor del numeral pong (10). En el numeral 304, la forma 
+ligada çoc hace lo propio con el numeral palæc (100), multiplicándo-
+lo por tres. Obsérvese que, en el mismo numeral 304, el orden de las 
+unidades se representa con la forma libre nopæt, en vez de la forma 
+ligada noc, ya que no hay ninguna variable por ligar. En el numeral 
+2102, pac multiplica por dos a cunô (1000) y na multiplica por uno a 
+palæc (100), mientras que en el orden de las unidades se usa la forma 
+libre aput (2) en vez de la forma ligada pac.
+La segunda categoría de cuantificadores estaba conformada por 
+nombres que denotaban magnitudes o cantidades. En efecto, hay 
+ejemplos en los que estos operadores cuantificaban palabras que no 
+eran precisamente numerales (i.e. col = ‘caballo’ o ñofæn = ‘hom-
+bre’); sin embargo, en dichos contextos, tales palabras funcionaban 
+como cuantificadores, tal como lo demuestran los siguientes ejem-
+plos (Carrera 1644: 186):
+ 
+Ejemplo: na col mang
+Glosa: un (operador) caballo (cuantificador) maíz = “un caballo 
+de maíz”
+Ejemplo: pac ñofæn là
+Glosa: dos (operador) hombre (cuantificador) agua = “dos esta-
+dos de agua”
+La interpretación que damos a estas expresiones es que se tie-
+ne ‘la cantidad de maíz equivalente a la carga de un caballo’ o ‘la 
+cantidad de agua equivalente a la altura de dos hombres’. Ahora, 
+	 La palabra ñofæn que significa ‘hombre’ es traducida como ‘estado’ por de la 
+Carrera en este ejemplo. El Diccionario de Autoridades ([1726] 2002: 623) dice que 
+el estado era una medida de la estatura regular de un hombre y que esta medida se 
+aplica a la profundidad de los pozos o cualquier cosa honda. De ahí que se haya uti-
+lizado la palabra ‘hombre’ como referencia a una medida equivalente a su altura.
+
+150	 Lexis  Vol. XXXII (1) 2008
+cuando se aplica los numerales ‘uno’, ‘dos’, ‘tres’ y ‘cuatro’ para 
+contar nombres que no expresan magnitudes o cantidades, se utili-
+zan las formas libres, tal como es el caso en los siguientes ejemplos 
+(Middendorf 1892: 123):
+Ejemplo: aput-o nepät 
+Glosa: dos árbol (literal) = dos árboles (traducción adaptada al 
+castellano)
+Ejemplo: sopät-o an 
+Glosa: tres casa (literal) = tres casas (traducción adaptada al cas-
+tellano)
+Un caso interesante en el que se aprecia las formas ligadas, sub-
+categorizando en un mismo numeral las dos primeras categorías 
+de cuantificadores, lo proporciona Fernando de la Carrera (1644: 
+258):
+Ejemplo: çoc ssop allô çoc fær
+Glosa: tres decena conjunción tres año
+Traducción libre: Treinta y tres años
+El primer çoc liga a la base decimal ssop que, además de designar 
+una decena de unidades, era un clasificador que servía para contar 
+el tiempo (cf. Carrera 1644: 183). El segundo çoc liga la palabra fær 
+‘año’, que designa una determinada cantidad de tiempo. El cronista 
+Antonio de la Calancha ([1638] 1976: 835) se refiere a este concepto 
+en los siguientes términos: “las cabrillas que ellos llamavan Collca, 
+que los Gentiles llamaron Pléyades ijas de Atlante i Pleyona, que las 
+adoraron por Diosas; i los Iungas las llamaron Fur, i por ellas con-
+tavan los años...”. Más adelante, el mismo autor ([1638] 1977: 1244) 
+agrega: “No contavan el año por Lunas, ni por el curso del Sol, 
+sino desde que salían las estrellas que nosotros llamamos Cabrillas, 
+i ellos llaman Fur.” 
+La tercera categoría está compuesta por los clasificadores nume-
+rales de pares. De la Carrera (1644: 198) menciona dos: luc y felæp.
+
+	
+	
+Salas • Formas ligadas en los numerales del mochica	 151
+	
+Ejemplo: noc felæp ‘cuatro pares’ de potos o aves.  
+Consideramos estos clasificadores como una subcategoría y no la 
+integramos a las bases decimales, pues los pares no forman parte de 
+la sucesión de bases decimales. Por tanto, tales clasificadores no se 
+integraban en las construcciones sintácticas de los numerales de base 
+decimal, lo cual supone una distribución diferente. ­Presumiblemente, 
+estos clasificadores pares se utilizaban para designar cantidades pe-
+queñas. De ahí que De la Carrera (1644: 183 y 186) dé ejemplos como: 
+exllmætzh pong cuculì ‘cincuenta palomas’ o çoc pong celû ‘treinta 
+gavilanes’, empleando el clasificador pong que, entre otras cosas, tam-
+bién servía para contar aves. Comprobamos así que las formas ligadas 
+de los primeros cuatro numerales eran operadores que ligaban una 
+variable, la cual era un cuantificador que pertenecía a tres categorías, a 
+saber: bases del sistema decimal, nombres que cuantificaban una mag-
+nitud o clasificadores pares. Ahora bien, a diferencia de estos cuatro 
+primeros numerales, en los que existen una forma libre y otra ligada; 
+a partir del quinto numeral sólo hay una forma tanto para designar 
+unidades: exllmætzh = 5, como para construir numerales mayores: 
+exllmætzh pong = 50. Esto se repetirá para el resto de las unidades, 
+haciendo la salvedad que las formas ligadas también podían aparecer 
+en los cuatro primeros numerales de cada decena, si es que lo que se 
+contaba era una palabra que denotaba magnitud o cantidad.
+4.	 Hipótesis de Middendorf
+En el siglo XIX, Middendorf (1892: 68 y 129) consideraba que las 
+formas ligadas eran mutilaciones o abreviaturas de las formas libres. 
+Su opinión reposaba en el parecido que grosso modo comparten am-
+bos grupos de numerales: todas las formas ligadas comparten sin 
+excepción la primera consonante de las formas libres. De manera 
+tal que si la forma libre comenzaba por consonante, entonces, la 
+forma ligada conservaba dicha consonante: çopæt → çoc (3) / nopæt 
+→ noc (4). Si la forma libre comenzaba en vocal, la forma ligada se 
+valía de la consonante de la sílaba siguiente: onæc → na (1) / aput → 
+
+152	 Lexis  Vol. XXXII (1) 2008
+pac (2). Además, salvo na, las demás formas ligadas (pac, çoc, noc) 
+poseían la primera vocal de su correspondiente forma libre: aput → 
+pac (2), çopæt → çoc (3), nopæt → noc (4) y, a su vez, acaban en una 
+misma consonante: pac, çoc, noc. Middendorf dejó, no obstante, sin 
+explicar por qué la forma ligada na (1) es irregular en relación con el 
+resto del paradigma. Además, este autor tampoco dio cuenta de los 
+procesos que permitían pasar de las formas libres a las ligadas. Es 
+nuestra tarea, pues, proporcionar dichas explicaciones. 
+5. 	Hipótesis complementaria
+Para explicar la irregularidad de na, nuestra hipótesis es que dicha 
+forma es tomada de otro paradigma. Los primeros indicios para 
+formular esta hipótesis los notamos cuando analizamos las formas 
+libres, en las que, salvo onæc (1), todas terminaban en /t/: aput (2), 
+çopæt (3), nopæt (4). No obstante, onæc contaba con la consonante 
+final de las formas ligadas: pac, çoc, noc. Esto nos llevó a pensar que 
+onæc era un numeral, cuya fisonomía estaba más cerca de las for-
+mas ligadas que de las libres. Postulamos, por tanto, la forma libre 
+*onæt, que nos servirá para explicar las irregularidades.
+6. 	Procesos de cambio
+Las modificaciones de las formas libres para devenir en formas li-
+gadas pueden ser divididas en dos grupos, según los numerales em-
+piecen en consonante o en vocal. Empezaremos por proponer tres 
+transformaciones en los numerales iniciados por consonante, para 
+luego pasar a los numerales iniciados por vocal. Como parte de la 
+argumentación, ofreceremos una justificación para cada uno de los 
+cambios que propondremos:
+Numerales iniciados por consonante
+1º Sustitución de t por k:	 çopæt 	→  çopæc (3) 	/	 nopæt 	→  nopæc (4)
+2º Caída de vocal: 	
+	
+çopæc 	→  çopc    (3) 	/	 nopæc → nopc      (4)
+3º Fusión de consonantes: 	çopc 	 →  çoc      (3) 	/ 	 nopc 	 →  noc      (4)
+
+	
+	
+Salas • Formas ligadas en los numerales del mochica	 153
+En la primera modificación, podemos decir que existen registros 
+en la lengua de la alternancia de consonantes. Fernando de la Ca-
+rrera (1644: 25) señala, por ejemplo, a propósito de unos nombres 
+derivados de verbos (i. e. xamassæc → xamiçæc, aiassæc → ajiçæc, 
+metessæc → metiçæc), que hay que hacerlo “...con aduertencia, que 
+las dos vltimas ss, se bueluen en c”. Otro caso en el que se alternan 
+las consonantes es en las formas de las pasivas. El licenciado De la 
+Carrera (1644: 85) escribe al respecto: “Aduiertase, que la R. en el 
+verbo passiuo bueluen los Indios en M. como metæreiñ, metæmeiñ”. 
+La permuta de t por k en el caso de los numerales no debe, pues, 
+llamar la atención.
+En cuanto a la segunda modificación, podemos decir que la vocal 
+æ regularmente caía en la lengua mochica por razones de acentuación. 
+Sobre todo en lo que a estos primeros cuatro numerales se refiere, tal 
+como ocurre con las formas de genitivo (Carrera 1644: 182):
+	
+	
+Nominativo		
+	
+	
+	 Genitivo
+	
+	
+onæc 	=  ‘uno’	
+	
+	
+	 oncæro  =  ‘de uno’
+	
+	
+aput 	 =  ‘dos’	
+	
+	
+	 apturo    =  ‘de dos’
+	
+	
+çopæt	=  ‘tres’	
+	
+	
+	 çoptæro =  ‘de tres’
+	
+	
+nopæt  =  ‘cuatro’	 	
+	
+	 noptæro =  ‘de cuatro’
+En todos estos casos, la consonante final del nominativo formaba 
+una nueva sílaba con la vocal del genitivo. Esta nueva sílaba se encuen-
+tra subrayada en los ejemplos de la segunda columna. Mas en caso 
+de haberse producido la caída de æ, tras la sustitución de t por k, no 
+se habría formado una nueva sílaba, pues todas las decenas, centenas 
+y millares comenzaban por consonante. Más bien habríamos tenido 
+decenas como *onc pong, centenas como *apc palæc, y millares como 
+*çopc cunô. Todas formas imposibles, porque el mochica no mantenía 
+dos consonantes seguidas en la misma sílaba. Es así que palabras como 
+transporte, plata o cobre habrían sido imposibles en mochica.
+	 La permuta de t por k caería dentro de lo que Cerrón-Palomino (1995: 149-150) 
+denominó alternancia consonántica.
+
+154	 Lexis  Vol. XXXII (1) 2008
+Por lo que hace a la fusión de consonantes, ésta se encuentra ple-
+namente documentada. A partir de ejemplos entresacados del Arte 
+de 1644, Hovdhaugen (2004: 16) señala la simplificación de grupos 
+consonánticos, tales como manæm ‘comer / beber’ que vendría de 
+man- ‘raíz verbal’ + -næm ‘morfema no finito’, tunæm ‘matar’ que 
+provendría de ton- ‘raíz verbal’ + -næm ‘morfema no finito’ o epæn 
+que procedería de ep ‘porque’ + pæn ‘por’.
+Los dos primeros cambios experimentados por las formas libres 
+iniciadas en consonante también deben haber sido compartidos por 
+las formas libres iniciadas en vocal. Sin embargo, creemos que para 
+el tercer cambio, en vez de una fusión, se debe haber producido una 
+inversión en el orden de las consonantes. En este punto, iniciaremos 
+la derivación del numeral correspondiente a 1, a partir de la forma 
+hipotética *onæt, que más adelante nos permitirá explicar la irregu-
+laridad del paradigma:
+Numerales iniciados por vocal
+1º Sustitución de t por k:	
+*onæt	→  onæc (1) 	/ 	aput  →  apuc (2)
+2º Caída de vocal: 	
+onæc 	 →  onc    (1)	 /	 apuc →  apc    (2)
+3º Inversión de consonantes: 	 onc 	
+→  noc    (1) 	/ 	apc   →  pac    (2)
+La inversión del orden en las consonantes tampoco era extraña 
+en el mochica. En la gramática mochica se encuentran instancias de 
+la inversión de consonantes. Compárese, a tal efecto, estos verbos 
+defectivos (Carrera 1644: 76-77), cuyas únicas formas son las que 
+aparecen en singular y plural:
+Verbo	
+Glosa	
+	
+Verbo	
+Glosa
+Amelec 	
+Apártate	
+	
+Iñich	
+Voy
+Amelecchi	
+Apartaos	
+	
+Iñchich	
+Vamos
+Muc	 	
+Toma	
+	
+Amoch	
+Vamos
+	 Al ofrecer la glosa de la palabra amoch se hace en plural no por error, sino por-
+que así la presenta Fernando de la Carrera. Sobre este punto, léase una explicación 
+particular en Hovdhaugen (2000).
+
+	
+	
+Salas • Formas ligadas en los numerales del mochica	 155
+Mucchi	
+Tomad	
+	
+Amochich	
+Vamos
+Tumang	
+Déjalo (rechazo)		
+Anich	
+Ve
+Tumangchi	
+Dejadlo (rechazo)	
+Anchich	
+Idos
+Locan	
+Quédate [norabuena] (despedida)
+Locanchi	
+Quedaos [norabuena] (despedida)
+Loctopan	
+Estate [bien] (despedida)
+Loctopanchi	 Estaos [bien] (despedida)
+En la primera columna, se forma el plural adicionando la partí-
+cula -chi a la forma singular. De hecho, en los verbos regulares, el 
+imperativo plural se formaba adjuntando al imperativo singular la 
+partícula -chi: metanchi ‘traed’ (met ‘traer’ + -an ‘imperativo’ + -chi 
+‘2ª plural’). En la segunda columna, empero, se invierte el orden de 
+la consonante <ch>. Esto se debe a razones de silabificación, las 
+mismas que se aplicarían a los casos de las formas libres iniciadas 
+por vocal, pese a tratarse de contextos diferentes. Así, comproba-
+mos que la inversión de consonantes no era algo insólito en el mo-
+chica. Es más, ninguno de estos fenómenos, en definitiva, es ajeno 
+a la lengua.
+7. 	Existencia de homonimia
+Señalamos que en el pequeño paradigma de formas ligadas: na, pac, 
+çoc, noc, existía un elemento léxico irregular. Para explicar esa irre-
+gularidad propusimos el numeral *onæt y una serie de cambios que 
+permitían el paso de las formas libres a las ligadas. Ahora bien, nó-
+tese que la forma noc, derivada del hipotético numeral *onæt (1), es 
+idéntica a la forma ligada noc que se deriva de nopæt (4). El porqué 
+se sustituye la forma ligada que corresponde a la unidad, en vez de 
+la que se relaciona con el numeral 4 creemos encontrarlo en la ge-
+neralización 36 de Greenberg (1978: 278, la traducción es nuestra) 
+para los sistemas numerales:
+36. Las únicas expresiones numerales elididas son aquéllas para 1 y 
+las bases del sistema.
+
+156	 Lexis  Vol. XXXII (1) 2008
+Así pues, conforme a este principio, el mejor candidato para eli-
+dirse era la unidad. Pensamos, sin embargo, que tras la elisión, se 
+tomó de otro paradigma la “forma abreviada” na (1). Revisando los 
+textos mochicas se observa que hay una partícula na cuya traduc-
+ción es ‘solo’: 
+Ejemplo: onæc na Dios (Carrera 1644: 192)
+Glosa: un solo dios
+Ejemplo: onæc na mo efquic
+Glosa: un solo el padre (Carrera 1644: 197)
+Ejemplo: onæc na çæn mo eizquic
+Glosa: un solo conjunción el hijo (Carrera 1644: 197)
+Semánticamente, ‘solo’ es un concepto que cumple con expresar 
+una cantidad y que bien puede remitir a la idea de unidad. De he-
+cho, en los ejemplos anteriores, na precisa el significado de onæc y 
+debido a la relación semántica entre ambas palabras, onæc y na apa-
+recían en similares contextos. Ahora bien, cuando na se usa como 
+numeral, cambia su significado de ‘solo’ a ‘uno’ para formar nu-
+merales mayores. A su turno, la partícula na posee, formalmente, 
+la primera consonante de la forma libre *onæt ~ onæc, al igual que 
+las demás formas ligadas. Con esto queremos decir que la forma 
+particular de na no fue un óbice para integrar el pequeño (pero pro-
+ductivo) paradigma monosilábico de numerales ligados.
+8. 	Conclusiones
+Las formas ligadas eran operadores que ligaban variables que hacían 
+las veces de cuantificadores, los cuales eran de tres tipos: bases del 
+sistema decimal, nombres que cuantificaban magnitudes y clasifi-
+	 En las lenguas del mundo no es inusual hallar la relación entre un concepto 
+como ‘solo’ y la unidad. Por ejemplo, en una de las variedades del uro, Cerrón-Pa-
+lomino (2006: 105) refiere que zinta ‘uno’ derivaría de zina ‘solo’. De igual modo, 
+Aikhenvald (2003: 100) señala que, en las lenguas Jarawara y Paumarí, el verbo 
+‘estar solo’ pasó a usarse como el numeral correspondiente a la unidad.
+
+	
+	
+Salas • Formas ligadas en los numerales del mochica	 157
+cadores pares. Por lo que hace a la evolución de las formas ligadas, 
+creemos que onæc terminó ocupando el lugar de *onæt, que a la 
+postre desapareció; mientras que na ocupó el de *noc, habida cuenta 
+de la homonimia que existía con la forma derivada de nopæt (4). En 
+el resto de casos, pensamos que se aplicaron los cambios que hemos 
+señalado. De esta manera, nos parece que la intuición que tuviera 
+Middendorf hace algunos siglos en relación con los primeros cuatro 
+numerales y sus variantes no andaba alejada de la verdad. Nuestro 
+papel ha consistido, no obstante, en dar una explicación a los deta-
+lles que permanecían sin solución.
+Bibliografía
+Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y.
+2003	
+Classifiers. A Typology of Noun Categorization Devices. 
+Oxford: Oxford University Press.
+Calancha, Antonio de la
+[1638] 1976 	 Crónica moralizada (= Crónicas del Perú 6). Vol. III. Edi-
+ción de Ignacio Prado Pastor. Lima: UNMSM. 
+[1638] 1977 	 Crónica moralizada (= Crónicas del Perú 7). Vol. IV. Edi-
+ción de Ignacio Prado Pastor. Lima: UNMSM.
+Carrera Daza, Fernando de la
+1644	
+Arte de la lengva yvnga de los valles del Obispado de Truxi-
+llo del Peru, con vn Confessonario, y todas las Oraciones 
+Christinas, traducidas en la lengua, y otras cosas. Lima: 
+­Ioseph Contreras.
+Cerrón-Palomino, Rodolfo
+1995 	
+La lengua de Naimlap (reconstrucción y obsolescencia del 
+mochica). Lima: PUCP.
+2006	
+El chipaya o la lengua de los hombres del agua. Lima: 
+PUCP.
+Greenberg, Joseph H. 
+1978	
+“Generalizations About Numeral Systems”. En Joseph 
+Greenberg; Charles A. Ferguson y Edith A. Moravcsik 
+
+158	 Lexis  Vol. XXXII (1) 2008
+(eds.) Universals of Human Language: Word Structure. Vol. 
+3. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 249-295.
+Hovdhaugen, Even
+2000	
+“A loanword from Mapudungun in Mochica?”. En Paul 
+Wallin y Helene Martinssson-Wallin (eds.) Essays in Hon-
+our of Arne Skjølsvold 75 Years (= Occasional Papers 5). 
+Oslo: Kon-Tiki Museet, 133-138.
+2004	
+Mochica (= Languages of the World / Materials 433). Mün-
+chen: LINCOM GmbH.
+Middendorf, Ernst Wilhelm
+1892	
+Das Muchik oder die Chimu-Sprache (= Die einheimischen 
+Sprachen Perus, sechster Band). Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus.
+Real Academia Española (RAE)
+[1726] 2002	
+Diccionario de autoridades (= Biblioteca Románica ­Hispánica, 
+V. Diccionarios, 3). Madrid: Gredos.
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/0cce710578178834.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/0cce710578178834.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b93337e0c0d07371cb752078fe4deee29ab49e04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/corpus/humanities/text/0cce710578178834.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Correction: Co-Adaptation and the Emergence of Structure
+
+Co-adaptation (or co-evolution), the parallel feedback process by which agents continuously adapt to the changes induced by the adaptive actions of other agents, is a ubiquitous feature of complex adaptive systems, from eco-systems to economies.We wish to understand which general features of complex systems necessarily follow from the (meta)-dynamics of co-adaptation, and which features depend on the details of particular systems.To begin this project, we present a model of co-adaptation (''The Stigmergy Game'') which is designed to be as a priori featureless as possible, in order to help isolate and understand the naked consequences of co-adaptation.In the model, heterogeneous, co-adapting agents, observe, interact with and change the state of an environment.Agents do not, ab initio, directly interact with each other.Agents adapt by choosing among a set of random ''strategies,'' particular to each agent.Each strategy is a complete specification of an agent's actions and payoffs.A priori, all environmental states are equally likely and all strategies have payoffs that sum to zero, so without co-adaptation agents would on average have zero ''wealth''.Nevertheless, the dynamics of co-adaptation generates a structured environment in which only a subset of environmental states appear with high probability (niches) and in which agents accrue positive wealth.Furthermore, although there are no direct agent-agent interactions, there are induced non-trivial inter-agent interactions mediated by the environment.As a function of the population size and the number of possible environmental states, the system can be in one of three dynamical regions.Implications for a basic understanding of complex adaptive systems are discussed.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/0eb9dfef5cc1cb97.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/0eb9dfef5cc1cb97.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f99bdec2d0b9c79acc00cac18c817313457ab966
--- /dev/null
+++ b/corpus/humanities/text/0eb9dfef5cc1cb97.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,985 @@
+Aquilo que a Intriga Acresce ao Tempo: uma releitura crítica de Tempo e Narrativa, de Paul Ricoeur / Ce que l’intrigue ajoute au temps: Une relecture critique de Temps et récit de Paul Ricœur
+
+Aquilo que a Intriga Acresce ao Tempo: uma releitura crítica de Tempo e Narrativa, de Paul Ricoeur1
+
+
  
+10 
+Edição 27/2013 
+ 
+Contracampo  
+ 
+ 
+ 
+e-ISSN   2238-2577 
+Niterói (RJ), v. 27, n. 2, ago-nov/2013. 
+www.uff.br/contracampo 
+ 
+A Revista Contracampo é uma revista eletrônica do Programa de Pós-Graduação 
+em Comunicação da Universidade Federal Fluminense e tem como objetivo 
+contribuir para a reflexão crítica em torno do campo midiático, atuando como 
+d
+i
+l
+ã d
+i
+d
+t
+dê
+i
+Raphaël	
  Baroni	
  
+Université	
  de	
  Lausanne	
  (UNIL-­‐Suíça)	
  
+	
  
+Ao citar este artigo, utilize a seguinte referência bibliográfica 
+ 
+BARONI,   Raphaël,   “Aquilo   que   a   Intriga   Acresce   ao  
+Tempo:  uma  releitura  crítica  de  Tempo  e  Narrativa,  
+de   Paul   Ricoeur”,   Poétique,   2010/3   n°   163,   p.   361-­‐
+382.  DOI  :  10.3917/poeti.163.0361  
+  
+  
+Esta   é   um   tradução   autorizada   do   artigo   "Ce  
+que  
+l'intrigue  
+ajoute  
+au  
+temps:  
+Une  
+relecture  critique  de  Temps  et  récit  de  Paul          ­‐  
+Aquilo	
  que	
  a	
  Intriga	
  Acresce	
  ao	
  Tempo:	
  	
  
+uma	
  releitura	
  crítica	
  de	
  Tempo	
  e	
  Narrativa,	
  de	
  Paul	
  Ricoeur1	
  
+	
  
+Ce	
  que	
  l’intrigue	
  ajoute	
  au	
  temps:	
  	
  
+Une	
  relecture	
  critique	
  de	
  Temps	
  et	
  récit	
  de	
  Paul	
  Ricœur	
  
  
+1	
  Este	
  artigo	
  é	
  baseado,	
  em	
  parte,	
  em	
  uma	
  conferência	
  apresentada	
  
+em	
   12	
   de	
   fevereiro	
   de	
   2012,	
   no	
   seminário	
   “Leitura,	
   percepção,	
  
+interpretação”,	
  organizado	
  por	
  Françoise	
  Lavocat	
  (Paris	
  VII)	
  e	
  Marielle	
  
+Macé	
  (Centre	
  de	
  Recherches	
  sur	
  les	
  Arts	
  et	
  le	
  Langage	
  -­‐	
  CRAL).	
  
+
+	
  
  
+11 
+O enredo se junta ao tempo: Uma releitura crítica de Tempo e narrativa, de Paul 
+Ricoeur 
+	
  
+á vinte e cinco anos, era lançado o último volume da trilogia Tempo e narrativa. 
+Olhando para trás, só podemos ficar impressionados com a influência 
+extraordinária exercida por essa obra deslumbrante2 e complexa: conceitos como a 
+tripla mimese (tratada desde o primeiro volume), a função configurativa da “mise en 
+intrigue” (no centro da poética Ricoeuriana), e a identidade narrativa (introduzido in 
+extremis nas primeiras páginas do terceiro volume) passam hoje, aos olhos de 
+numerosos pesquisadores das ciências humanas e sociais, por lugares-comuns tão bem 
+estabelecidos, do poder heurístico tão evidente, que quase ninguém se questiona sobre 
+as diferentes nuances que essas noções ganham no decorrer da obra de Ricoeur e nem 
+sobre os méritos da análise que as gerou. 
+Quaisquer que sejam as críticas que façamos sobre seu trabalho, certamente um 
+dos principais méritos de Paul Ricoeur foi ter se antecipado e provavelmente haver 
+contribuído em grande parte com o surgimento da “virada narrativa” (Kreiswirth, 1995) 
+que se observa desde meados dos anos 1990. Paradoxalmente, jamais se falou tanto de 
+trama, enredo e narrativa quanto desde que a narratologia, disciplina independente, foi 
+declarada morta e enterrada. Na verdade, a narratologia contemporânea, batizada por 
+alguns como “pós-clássica”, simplesmente se pluralizou, tornou-se inviável como uma 
+disciplina regida por uma doutrina única, disseminando-se e abrindo-se de maneira 
+espetacular, de tal modo que compreende agora numerosas questões que antes lhe eram 
+inacessíveis, integrando e difundindo novas ferramentas de análise (Nünning, 2003). 
+Ricoeur certamente desempenhou um papel fundamental nesta transformação 
+dos estudos narrativos, o que ajudou a despertar a reflexão sobre a narrativa do 
+formalismo literário, iniciando o que ele chama de “longa e difícil conversa triangular 
+entre a historiografia, a crítica literária e a filosofia fenomenológica” (1983, p.125). Em 
+sua obra, Greimas e Genette são confrontados, talvez pela primeira vez, não somente 
+	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
+2	
   Além	
   dos	
   três	
   volumes	
   de	
   Tempo	
   e	
   Narrativa	
   (1983,	
   1984,	
   1985),	
   podemos	
   considerar	
   como	
  
+“prefigurações”	
  da	
  tese	
  central	
  da	
  tripla	
  mimese:	
  A	
  Metáfora	
  viva	
  (1975)	
  e	
  A	
  Narratividade	
  (1980),	
  e	
  
+como	
   “reconfiguração”	
   da	
   tese	
   central	
   da	
   tripla	
   mimese,	
   as	
   obras	
   posteriores:	
   Das	
   palavras	
   à	
   ação	
  
+(1986),	
  A	
  si	
  mesmo	
  como	
  um	
  outro	
  (1990),	
  A	
  memória,	
  a	
  história,	
  o	
  esquecimento	
  (2000),	
  O	
  curso	
  do	
  
+conhecimento	
   (2004).	
   Na	
   sua	
   maior	
   parte,	
   podemos	
   considerar	
   a	
   problemática	
   descrita	
   em	
  Tempo	
   e	
  
+Narrativa	
   como	
   inserida	
   em	
   uma	
   meditação	
   que	
   se	
   estende	
   por	
   quase	
   trinta	
   anos,	
   o	
   que	
   explica	
  
+certamente	
  as	
  numerosas	
  «	
  discrepâncias	
  »	
  que	
  uma	
  leitura	
  cuidadosa	
  pode	
  colocar	
  em	
  questão.	
  
+H 
+
+	
  
  
+12 
+com Paul Veyne e Hayden White, mas também com Santo Agostinho, Hussel e 
+Heidegger. De alguma forma dando uma segunda vida a uma teoria da narrativa que 
+estava praticamente extinta com o declínio do paradigma estruturalista, Tempo e 
+Narrativa ajudou a abrir novos campos de pesquisa extremamente produtivos, 
+envolvendo as relações que se tecem entre a narrativa e certas dimensões fundamentais 
+da nossa relação com o mundo: temporalidade, identidade, eventualidade, semântica da 
+ação, ética, etc. Ainda assim, no momento em que as noções ricoeurianas de “mise en 
+intrigue” ou da “identidade narrativa” circulam largamente no centro das mais diversas 
+comunidades científicas, podemos nos perguntar se elas foram bem compreendidas e se 
+ainda constituem uma ferramenta heurística pertinente ou, pelo contrário, um obstáculo 
+para a reflexão. 
+Vou me concentrar nesta releitura crítica da obra central de Ricoeur para avaliar 
+como é defendido o conceito da tripla mimese. Tentarei mostrar que o papel e a 
+natureza da “mise em intrigue” se tornam difíceis de apreender, já que nunca cessam de 
+ser redefinidos ao longo do percurso. Também me perguntarei se a tripla mimese não é 
+resultado de um cruzamento entre as problemáticas hermenêuticas e existenciais que 
+são, de fato, incompatíveis. Associando a mediação narrativa aos gêneros da ficção 
+literária e da historiografia, excluindo assim todas as manifestações alternativas da 
+narrativa, e também buscando destacar as diferenças existentes entre as duas primeiras 
+mimeses, ou seja, entre o tempo vivido ou pretendido pela filosofia (o que não é a 
+mesma coisa) e o tempo “contado”, acredito que Ricoeur contribuiu, paradoxalmente, 
+para ocultar a forma na qual o tempo humano é realmente articulado de maneira 
+narrativa. Segundo a tese que defenderei e que, ocasionalmente, Ricoeur também 
+defendeu, o tempo não se torna humano com base em uma medição narrativa, mas ele já 
+é sempre articulado narrativamente porque ele não pode se manifestar de outra forma 
+que não seja a da experiência de uma concordância discordante, de uma história 
+passada, atual ou futura à qual estamos misturados. 
+ 
+A tese da tríplice mimese e a suspeita de circularidade 
+ 
+ 
+Quando se discute o primeiro volume de Tempo e narrativa, a problemática que 
+parece delinear-se aparece como bem simples a uma primeira vista. Na continuação de 
+sua obra anterior sobre a metáfora, Ricoeur postula que as tramas das narrativas 
+
+	
  
  
+13 
+literárias ou históricas corresponderiam à criação poética de uma forma inédita, pela 
+qual uma experiência de outro modo inexprimível poderia ser dada à línguagem. Dessa 
+forma, Ricoeur coloca em relação dialética as dificuldades da mediação agostiniana 
+sobre o tempo com a solução que seria representada pela poética aristotélica. Segundo 
+tal ponto de vista, a unidade (holos) poeticamente construída da história (mythos) – à 
+qual Ricoeur se refere como um processo dinâmico de “mise en intrigue” dos 
+acontecimentos – seria uma resposta poética a um problema existencial, que 
+permaneceria insolúvel. 
+Ricoeur acrescenta um ponto suplementar a esta sua reflexão sobre essa 
+problemática, jogando sobre ela a noção de horizonte, no modo com ela é articulada por 
+Hans-Georg Gadamer em Vérité et méthode (1976). Neste quadro, o horizonte do leitor, 
+chamado prefiguração ou mimese I, poderia corresponder à problemática temporal 
+levantada por Agostinho; o horizonte da obra, conhecido como configuração ou mimese 
+II, seria associado à unidade do mythos defendida por Aristóteles em sua Poética; e a 
+fusão dos horizontes, que aconteceria no ato da leitura, designada pelo rótulo de 
+refiguração ou de mimese III, corresponderia à transformação de uma experiência 
+temporal enriquecida pela mediação narrativa. 
+Com seu conceito de tripla mimese, resultado de um cruzamento entre a 
+meditação sobre o tempo de Agostinho, a poética de Aristóteles e a noção de círculo 
+hermenêutico, Ricoeur sugere que há uma diferença entre a prefiguração do tempo e sua 
+configuração da narrativa, e que, além disso, a fusão destes horizontes na experiência 
+estética iria transformar o leitor, dando forma à sua experiência temporal. Hoje se 
+conhece o valor do slogan ricoeuriano, inscrito no prefácio de Tempo e Narrativa: “o 
+tempo se torna tempo humano na medida em que é articulado de maneira narrativa; em 
+contrapartida a narrativa é significativa na medida em que desenha as linhas da 
+experiência temporal” (1983, p.17, grifo nosso).  
+Porém, conforme colocado, esta articulação das relações entre a experiência 
+temporal e narrativa cria uma dificuldade e Ricoeur é o primeiro a reconhecê-la. Desde 
+a introdução, Ricoeur admite “que a tese apresenta um caráter circular” (1983, p.17), 
+mas postula que o círculo não é vicioso, mas virtuoso. Logo após a apresentação do seu 
+modelo da tripla mimese, Ricoeur retorna para o perigo da circularidade que ameaça 
+toda a sua obra:  
+
+	
  
  
+14 
+ 
+“Que se considere a estrutura semântica da ação, seus recursos de 
+simbolização ou seu caráter temporal, o ponto de chegada parece conduzir-se 
+para o ponto de partida, ou pior, o ponto de chegada parece se antecipar ao 
+ponto de partida. Se este for o caso, o círculo hermenêutico da narratividade e 
+da temporalidade se resolveria no círculo vicioso da mimese.” (1983, p.110). 
+ 
+Mas Ricoeur imediatamente acrescenta:  
+ 
+Que a análise seja circular, não há o que discutir. Mas, que o círculo seja 
+vicioso pode ser refutado. A este respeito, prefiro falar de uma espiral sem 
+fim que faz a meditação passar várias vezes pelo mesmo ponto, mas a uma 
+altitude diferente (1983, 110-111).  
+ 
+E ele acrescenta um pouco mais: 
+ 
+A circularidade manifesta de toda análise da narrativa, que não cessa de 
+interpretar a forma temporal inerente à experiência e a estrutura narrativa 
+uma pela outra, não é uma tautologia morta. Deve-se acima de tudo vê-la 
+como um “círculo bem posto” no qual os argumentos de ambos os lados do 
+problema se ajudam mutualmente (1983, p. 116). 
+ 
+Ricoeur aponta nesta parte os dois principais riscos aos quais sua tese deve se 
+afrontar: por um lado, existe a suspeita da “violência” interpretativa, que supõe que a 
+narrativa esteja necessariamente fora de sintonia com o evento ao qual ela pretende se 
+referir, e por outro lado, existe a suspeita da “redundância”, que seria na narrativa uma 
+simples cópia da história vivida (1983, p.111). Ambos os riscos definem, de alguma 
+forma, dois precipícios opostos, entre os quais avançará a continuação do discurso 
+ricoeuriano, como um equilibrista andando em uma corda bamba. 
+Em relação à “violência” que seria ligada à “mise en intrigue”, ela consistiria em 
+uma ruptura radical entre a narrativa e a experiência. Devido a essa mudança, a mise em 
+intrigue da trama vivida seria, portanto uma ficção, um consolo face a morte ou, nos 
+termos de Sartre, uma forma de má-fé. Ricoeur afirma que a suspeita de « engano » que 
+incidiria na configuração narrativa implica no pensamento de que a experiência seria 
+este “disforme absoluto” ao qual Nietzsche demandaria se submeter, através de uma 
+“honestidade radical” (1983, p. 111). Em contraste a esta tendência, que ele designa 
+como uma “perda da significância característica de uma cultura particular – a nossa” 
+(1983, p.112), Ricoeur afirma que tanto a experiência direta quanto a mediação 
+narrativa devem se manter em uma dialética. Ele diz, com efeito, que “a experiência da 
+
+	
  
  
+15 
+temporalidade não pode ser reduzida a uma simples discordância. Como vimos com 
+Santo Agostinho, distentio e intentio confrontam-se mutuamente no seio da experiência 
+mais autêntica. Deve-se preservar o paradoxo do tempo, com respeito ao nivelamento 
+que atua na sua redução a uma simples discordância” (1983, p.111) e acrescenta: 
+ 
+O caráter da consonância da narrativa, ao qual somos tentados a contrastar, 
+de forma não dialética, à dissonância da nossa experiência temporal, deve ele 
+também ser moderado. A mise en intrigue não é nunca o simples triunfo da 
+“ordem”. Mesmo o paradigma da tragédia grega é substituído pelo papel 
+perturbador da peripécia, contingências e viradas da reversos da fortuna que 
+despertam medo e piedade. As próprias intrigas coordenam distensão e 
+intensão (1983, p.112). 
+ 
+O argumento é tão essencial que Ricoeur reconhece ainda que, assim que um 
+historiador tal como Louis O. Mink busca sair completamente do curso do tempo para 
+moldar uma retrospectivamente uma configuração explicativa dos acontecimentos, ele 
+se arrisca a um equívoco sobre aquilo que faz a dimensão propriamente temporal da 
+história: “a saber, a dialética entre contingência e ordem, entre episódio e configuração, 
+entre discordância e concordância”, ou seja, tudo o que Ricoeur definia como “a 
+temporalidade específica da narrativa” (1983, p.224). 
+Com este argumento, Ricoueur afirma, portanto, que o papel que ele atribui à 
+segunda mimese não constitui propriamente uma mise en forme de uma experiência que 
+seria nela mesma disforme, mas um simples enriquecimento, uma mediação 
+concordante-discordante que se encaixaria em uma realidade que já seria ela mesma 
+concordante-discordante. Vemos aqui a necessidade de que não se tome literalmente a 
+afirmação de que a intriga seria o lugar da configuração de uma experiência temporal da 
+qual Ricoeur afirmava, no prefácio de sua trilogia, que poderia ser “confusa, disforme e, 
+em última instância, muda” (1983, p.13). Longe de estar em completa dessintonia com a 
+realidade que ela ajuda a construir, Ricoeur diz agora que a intriga reproduz a dialética 
+entre “discordância e concordância” que seria própria à experiência mais autêntica. 
+Na tentativa de combater a suspeita de violência que se associa à intriga, 
+Ricoeur parece, portanto, ter alimentado os argumentos que a ameaçam, na frente 
+oposta. Mantendo o perigo da redundância, uma vez que “o ponto de chegada parece 
+(nos) levar de volta ao ponto de partida, ou pior, o ponto de chegada parece anteceder o 
+ponto de partida”. Ricoeur portanto reconhece que: 
+
+	
  
  
+16 
+ 
+A objeção da redundância parece sugerida pela própria análise da mimese I. 
+Se não houver nenhuma experiência humana que não seja mediada por 
+sistemas simbólicos, dentre os quais as narrativas, parece inútil dizer, como 
+fizemos, que a ação está em busca da narrativa (1983, p. 113).  
+ 
+Dentre as críticas que foram feitas a Ricoeur, esta á ainda aquela que mais o 
+incomodou, no modo como ele a exprimiu, no contexto de uma mesa-redonda, 
+organizada em consequência da publicação do primeiro volume de Tempo e Narrativa: 
+ 
+E esta circularidade que constitui, em minha opinião, o problema real. Pode-
+se argumentar que, na verdade, eu estou condenado a incluir na noção de 
+prefiguração o resultado de uma refiguração anterior – porque, efetivamente, 
+para cada um de nós, aquilo que é prefigurado em nossas vidas resulta das 
+refigurações operadas por todas as outras vidas daqueles que nos ensinaram. 
+Mas esse círculo não é um círculo vicioso, porque ainda existe promoção de 
+sentidos, avanço de sentidos, desde o incoativo até o plenamente determinado 
+(Ricoeur in Carr, Taylor, Ricoeur, 1985, p. 317-318). 
+ 
+Ricoeur responde, assim, à objeção de redundância mencionando a existência de uma 
+narrativa “incoativa” que seria inscrita nas histórias ainda não contadas de nossas vidas. 
+Em Tempo e Narrativa, para ilustrar essa narratividade incoativa, isto é, esta narrativa 
+em nascimento, Ricoeur menciona especialmente os exemplos da psicanálise e os casos 
+jurídicos, que eram situações existenciais que envolviam a busca por uma narrativa bem 
+sustentada ou por uma versão dos fatos aceitáveis que emergem dos acontecimentos. 
+Nesta curta passagem, que é crucial para a continuação de sua argumentação, Ricoeur 
+refere-se em particular à noção de complexidade passiva nas histórias, tal como ela foi 
+desenvolvida pelo filósofo alemão Wilhelm Schapp (1992). Para Schapp, com efeito, “a 
+história ‘acontece’ para alguém antes de quem quer que seja a conte” (Ricoeur, 1983, p. 
+114). Neste ponto, Ricoeur parece incomodado pela ideia de que existiriam histórias 
+ainda não contadas. “As histórias não são contadas por definição?” ele se pergunta, mas 
+acrescenta: “isso é indiscutível se falamos de histórias reais. Mas a noção de história 
+potencial é aceitável?” (1983, p. 114). Para desenvolver esse conceito, Ricoeur retorna à 
+ideia de que existiria um “pré-histórico” ou um “plano” que anteciparia as narrativas 
+propriamente ditas:  
+ 
+Este pano-de-fundo é constituído pela « sobreposição viva » de todas as 
+histórias vividas umas dentro de outras. Portanto é preciso que as histórias 
+contadas “emerjam” (Auftauchen) deste plano de fundo. [...] Contar, seguir, 
+
+	
  
  
+17 
+compreender as histórias, não é senão a “continuação” dessas histórias não 
+ditas (1983, p. 115).    
+ 
+Infelizmente, Ricoeur não desenvolve a análise do que poderia ser exatamente 
+essa “sobreposição viva” nas “histórias vividas”, “potenciais” ou “incoativas”, e ele não 
+busca mais definir esse processo de emergência associado com a “mise em intrigue”. 
+No máximo ele parece insitir sobre o entrelaçamento de uma pluralidade de histórias a 
+partir da qual deveria emergir, por contraste ou por seleção de um ponto de vista, a 
+narrativa propriamente dita. Neste caso, podemos fazer diversas perguntas. 
+Primeiramente, por que não religar essa relação passiva às “histórias que 
+acontecem conosco”, com uma forma de narrativa mental, ao mesmo tempo cognitiva e 
+emocional, ou seja, ligada à experiência de um acontecimento que nos afeta (pathos-
+distentio) e ao qual nós respondemos com a nossa ação (práxis-intentio)? Ricoeur talvez 
+tenha reconhecido que essa forma de compreensão da narrativa de eventos que (nos) 
+acontecem e das ações que produzimos não é radicalmente diferente das narrativas, 
+reais ou fictícias, que expressamos na forma de palavras ou escritos. Isso permitiria 
+entender melhor a natureza daquilo que Ricoeur designa como o pano-de-fundo vivo ou 
+a pré-história da narrativa, mas também a forma como as narrativas expressas 
+(oralmente, por escrituras ou segundo outras modalidades) se distinguem ou, pelo 
+contrário, prolongam as histórias vividas e a maneira como experimentamos os eventos 
+que nos acontecem. 
+Além disso, podemos nos perguntar se esta narrativa incoativa não 
+corresponderia precisamente a esta experimentação do tempo que a fenomenologia 
+procura descrever. Na perspectiva que é a sua, não é igualmente tão surpreendente que 
+Schapp situe suas proposições na continuidade dos conceitos fenomenológicos 
+desenvolvidos por Husserl e, sobretudo, por Heidegger. No entanto, em nenhum 
+momento Ricoeur parece inclinado a enfatizar o parentesco dessas questões. Ao abordar 
+os paradoxos da fenomenologia do tempo nos primeiros capítulos do terceiro volume de 
+Tempo e Narrativa, ele não faz nenhuma menção aos trabalhos de Schapp, quem no 
+entanto, estão diretamente no prolongamento desta tradição, e que teriam permitido uma 
+junção entre a perspectiva filosófica e a poética da narrativa. 
+O ponto crucial é o seguinte: se existe continuação entre as histórias ainda não 
+ditas ou ainda não escritas de nossas vidas e as histórias efetivamente contadas, também 
+
+	
  
  
+18 
+não haveria continuação formal entre essas duas formas da narrativa? Não está claro, 
+portanto, como o recurso da noção de complexidade passiva nas histórias incoativas 
+permitiria a Ricoeur salvar sua proposição de suspeita de redundância. O círculo vicioso 
+não poderá ser efetivamente quebrado, a não ser na medida em que Ricoeur seja capaz 
+de definir a diferença entre o que ele associa à mimese I e à poética da intriga ficcional 
+ou histórica que ele classifica na mimese II33. Ora, é precisamente a essa tarefa que 
+Ricoeur vai se engajar, ao longo de sua obra. Na tentativa de demonstrar a característica 
+“espiral” de seu modelo da tripla mimese, Ricoeur tentará esclarecer, em uma primeira 
+etapa, o que a mediação narrativa acrescenta à experiência direta do tempo, para, em 
+seguida tentar aprofundar, em uma segunda etapa, os paradoxos do pensamento 
+fenomenológico, de maneira a enfatizar, por contraste, o valor das mediações ficcionais 
+e históricas. É o movimento desta dupla argumentação que agora tentarei descrever 
+brevemente, acrescentando alguns comentários sobre a questão da identidade narrativa, 
+que aparece no final do percurso.  
+ 
+O que a mediação narrativa acrescenta ao tempo 
+ 
+Entre o primeiro e o terceiro volume de Tempo e Narrativa, o leitor atento 
+poderá observar uma mudança sensível no argumento de Ricoeur, que se explica 
+provavelmente por uma dificuldade crescente de mostrar o ganhamos, ao passarmos 
+pela mediação de uma ficção literária ou de uma narrativa histórica, em comparação 
+com a “prefiguração” do tempo. Como o enredo de um conto no qual uma falta inicial 
+deveria ser preenchida por uma busca difícil, Ricoeur enfatiza pela primeira vez a 
+existência de um paradoxo intransponível que será relacionado à questão do tempo. Mas 
+ali onde, no primeiro opus, Ricoeur parece insistir especialmente sobre o problema da 
+“discordância” que se alojaria no fundamento da experiência temporal mais autêntica, 
+ao qual responderia a “concordância” do mythos, tal como defendido por Aristóteles, o 
+terceiro opus situa sobretudo a aporia resolvida pela narrativa, do lado da meditação 
+filosófica. Veremos que se trata de uma nuance essencial que levará a uma mudança 
+completa da direção não somente da questão, mas também da resposta mimética ao 
+“problema” do tempo. 
+	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
+3	
  Para	
  a	
  relação	
  entre	
  os	
  trabalhos	
  de	
  Schapp	
  e	
  a	
  poética	
  da	
  narrativa	
  desenvolvida	
  por	
  Ricoeur,	
  ver	
  
+Greisch	
  (1990).	
  Para	
  uma	
  critica	
  da	
  tripla	
  mimese,	
  ver	
  também	
  Baroni	
  (2009).	
  
+
+	
  
  
+19 
+ 
+ 
+A resposta convergente da história e da ficção ao problema da experiência 
+temporal 
+ 
+O primeiro capítulo é intitulado, de forma não ambígua, “As aporias da 
+experiência do tempo”. É, portanto, no nível da experiência, e não no da especulação 
+filosófica, que a questão será colocada pela primeira vez por Ricoeur. Comentando a 
+meditação buscada por Agostinho no capítulo XI de suas Confissões, Ricoeur descreve 
+a situação de uma alma (ou, diríamos hoje, de uma consciência) que seria, então, ao 
+mesmo tempo pendida intencionalmente para o passado relembrado e para o futuro 
+projetado, recordando-se e antecipando-se, mas ao mesmo tempo distendida pela 
+passagem do tempo. Assim, haveria uma consciência memorial, atencional e 
+antecipatória que procuraria mensurar o tempo, para lhe conferir uma extensão, ou seja, 
+uma forma da qual dependeria o ser do tempo. Com efeito, Agostinho postula que o 
+tempo, uma vez mensurável, deve ter uma existência objetiva, pois “não podemos medir 
+aquilo que não é” (1983, p.30) 
+ 
+A questão é, portanto, circunscrita: como o tempo pode ser, se o passado já 
+não é, se o futuro ainda não é e se o presente nem sempre é? A este paradoxo 
+inicial se soma o paradoxo central de onde sairá o tema da distensão. Como 
+podemos medir aquilo que não é? O paradoxo da medição é diretamente 
+gerado pelo paradoxo da existência do tempo (Ricoeur, 1983, p. 23). 
+ 
+Existe, portanto, uma forma de impossibilidade, ou pelo menos uma essencial 
+dificuldade, em responder à pergunta do “ser” do tempo. “O que é o tempo?”, pergunta-
+se Agostinho: a resposta parece ser a de que o tempo é o reverso do ser, um movimento 
+pelo qual uma pessoa se torna consciente da transitoriedade do que está acontecendo, do 
+que vai acontecer, do que já aconteceu. A dificuldade está na resposta que consiste em 
+dizer que aquilo que se mantem (manet), aquilo que registrou a passagem do tempo de 
+uma forma extensiva – e, portanto, mensurável – seria uma consciência que articula 
+perspectivas temporais, que se lembra, que projeta e que é atento à passagem do tempo. 
+Mas aí, ainda, nos é difícil imaginar esta consciência tensa e distendida, ao mesmo 
+tempo enraizada em um momento presente que lhe espaca, recordando o passado e se 
+projetando no futuro, uma consciência passiva que seria atenta à passagem do tempo e, 
+
+	
  
  
+20 
+ao mesmo tempo, uma consciência ativa que articularia intencionalmente as 
+perspectivas temporais a partir das quais o tempo pode ser mensurado. 
+Para Agostinho, a solução final só pode ser o registro das operações da 
+consciência em um tempo já cumprido ou formado, ou seja, na onisciência do ponto de 
+vista divino. Mas esta inscrição do tempo vivido no tempo eterno é, obviamente, 
+inacessível à experiência, ela não aparecerá além do fim do tempo e depende apenas da 
+esperança daquele que crê4
+. Para Ricoeur, a unidade do muthos trágico defendido por 
+Aristóteles parece oferecer uma alternativa a esta solução baseada na eternidade divina e 
+na esperança do crente. No caso de Aristóteles, a resposta não é mais teológica, mas 
+poética: na narrativa bem formada pelo poeta, o tempo já está objetivamente 
+circunscrito na obra concluída, ele já está configurado em uma totalidade (holos) 
+possuindo seu começo, seu meio e seu fim5. A consciência tenso-distendida do leitor 
+não teria mais do que contar com a mediação da obra e reescrever a discordância 
+experimental do tempo na concordância poética da narrativa. 
+Nesta primeira parte de seu argumento, Ricoeur insiste por consequência na 
+convergência entre os diferentes gêneros escritos tomando o modo da narrativa, seja 
+para descrever a realidade passada ou para construir um mundo imaginário. Ele diz que 
+há uma “identidade estrutural entre a historiografia e a narrativa de ficção” e uma 
+“profunda relação entre a exigência da verdade de ambos os modos narrativos” (1983, 
+p.17). Aqui a capacidade referencial indireta da trama deve ser entendida, na mesma 
+linha do poder do enunciado metafórico, como aquilo que permite “descrever uma 
+	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
+4	
  Alguns	
  filósofos,	
  como	
  Hegel	
  e,	
  depois	
  dele,	
  Francis	
  Fukuyama,	
  postularam	
  que	
  “a	
  história	
  do	
  mundo	
  
+poderia	
  ser	
  pensada	
  como	
  um	
  totalidade	
  efetuada”	
  (Ricoeur,	
  1985,	
  p.	
  371)	
  e	
  que	
  nós	
  poderíamos,	
  
+portanto,	
  falar	
  dela	
  como	
  de	
  um	
  ser	
  totalmente	
  realizado.	
  Ricoeur	
  afirma	
  resistir	
  a	
  essa	
  “tentação”,	
  
+embora	
  confesse	
  ter	
  sido	
  seduzido	
  pela	
  “força	
  do	
  pensamento”	
  de	
  Hegel,	
  e	
  que	
  o	
  abandono	
  de	
  sua	
  
+perspectiva	
  é	
  uma	
  ferida	
  “que	
  não	
  pode	
  ser	
  curada”	
  (1985,	
  p.	
  372):	
  “o	
  passo	
  que	
  não	
  podemos	
  mais	
  
+dar,	
  é	
  o	
  que	
  iguala	
  ao	
  presente	
  eterno	
  a	
  capacidade	
  que	
  o	
  presente	
  atual	
  tem	
  de	
  manter	
  o	
  passado	
  
+conhecido	
  e	
  antecipar	
  o	
  futuro	
  desenhado	
  nas	
  tendências	
  do	
  passado.	
  A	
  própria	
  noção	
  da	
  história	
  é	
  
+abolida	
  pela	
  filosofia,	
  quando	
  o	
  presente,	
  combinado	
  com	
  o	
  efetivo,	
  abole	
  sua	
  diferença	
  em	
  relação	
  ao	
  
+passado”	
  (1985,	
  p.	
  368-­‐369).	
  
+5	
  Deve-­‐se	
  notar,	
  de	
  passagem,	
  que	
  esta	
  interpretação	
  da	
  “mise	
  en	
  intrigue”	
  como	
  processo	
  de	
  totaliação	
  
+de	
  um	
  acontecimento	
  que	
  seria	
  em	
  si	
  mesmo	
  disforme	
  é	
  questionável,	
  na	
  medida	
  em	
  que	
  Aristóteles	
  
+situa,	
  de	
  saída,	
  a	
  unidade	
  no	
  objeto,	
  a	
  representação	
  não	
  fazendo	
  mais	
  do	
  que	
  imitar	
  aquilo	
  que	
  já	
  
+forma	
  um	
  todo	
  no	
  mundo,	
  como	
  a	
  escultura	
  ou	
  a	
  pintura	
  que	
  forçosamente	
  reproduzem	
  a	
  unidade	
  do	
  
+corpo	
  e	
  não	
  suas	
  partes:	
  “Assim	
  como	
  as	
  outras	
  artes	
  de	
  imitação,	
  a	
  unidade	
  de	
  imitação	
  resulta	
  da	
  
+unidade	
  do	
  objeto,	
  também	
  a	
  história	
  –	
  já	
  que	
  ela	
  é	
  imitação	
  das	
  ações	
  –	
  deve	
  ser	
  imitação	
  de	
  uma	
  ação	
  
+una	
  e	
  formando	
  um	
  todo”	
  (Aristóteles,	
  1451a,	
  30,	
  grifo	
  nosso).	
  Citação	
  a	
  partir	
  da	
  tradução	
  de	
  Michel	
  
+Magnien	
  (1990,	
  p.	
  98).	
  
+
+	
  
  
+21 
+realidade inacessível à descrição direta” (1983, p.13). Em uma famosa passagem da 
+introdução de Tempo e Narrativa, Ricoeur anunciou qual será seu o programa:  
+ 
+Eu vejo nas intrigas que inventamos o meio privilegiado pelo qual nós 
+reconfiguramos nossa experiência temporal confusa, disforme e, no limite, 
+muda: “Qual é então o tempo, pergunta Agostinho? Se ninguém me pergunta, 
+eu sei; se alguém pergunta e eu quero explicar, eu não sei.” É na capacidade 
+da ficção de refigurar esta experiência temporal cercada por paradoxos da 
+especulação filosófica que reside a função referencial da intriga (1983, p.13). 
+ 
+Vemos aqui a necessidade de dar forma àquilo que é assinalado de início como 
+uma experiência do “disforme”, ou da transformação. Mas esta forma da transformação 
+parece fornecida pelo repertório das intrigas literárias ou históricas, na medida em que, 
+na leitura, a experiência temporal apenas atualizará uma história já formada, já escrita 
+em um livro por um inventor de intrigas. 
+Então, é esse caráter já formado do livro que parece garantir a concordância da 
+experiência refigurada, salvo que, neste ponto de flexão da análise de Tempo e 
+Narrativa, não se deve simplificar o problema, recobrindo-o por uma um excesso de 
+formalismo. Como sublinha Ricoeur, “se o problema da refiguração do tempo pela 
+narrativa está amarrado na narrativa, não se pode encontrar seu desfecho” (1985, 
+p.328). É o ato da leitura que constitui o momento essencial da fusão dos horizontes 
+pelos quais acontecerão as visões referenciais da trama. 
+ 
+No final, as bibliotecas estão cheias de livros não lidos, cuja configuração é, 
+portanto bem desenhada, e que não refiguram nada. [...] sem leitor que o 
+acompanhe, não há ato configurado em curso no texto; e sem leitor adequado, 
+não há ponto do mundo apresentado no texto (1985, p. 297).  
+ 
+Assim, o caráter acabado da obra só se revela no movimento progressivo de uma 
+leitura tendida e, direção a seu desfecho. Esta dependência da configuração narrativa 
+com o ato da leitura que a atualiza explica porque não pode haver concordância pura, 
+isto é, configuração desprovida de eventualidades, aventuras ou expectativas. A obra, 
+ainda em seu ponto final, quando percebemos sua unidade, não pode ser uma forma 
+pura, pelo contrário, ela é uma formação de sentidos que depende de uma experiência 
+interpretativa, ela mesma submetida ao tempo da leitura. Como Gérard Genette afirmou 
+sobre a medição do tempo em uma narrativa literária, “ninguém pode medir a duração 
+de uma narração. O que se nomeia espontaneamente não pode ser [...] senão o tempo 
+
+	
  
  
+22 
+necessário para lê-lo, mas é muito evidente que o tempo da leitura varia segundo os 
+acontecimentos particulares” (Genette, 1972, p. 122). Assim, a medição do tempo 
+definido para uma obra literária não é menos complexa e subjetiva que a mensuracão do 
+que acontece na vida: a leitura é um evento da vida. A referência objetiva das páginas 
+contesta a referência dos relógios e dos calendários, bem como à sensação da duração 
+da história contada se refere à sensação da duração daquilo que (nos) acontece. A única 
+diferença está na interpretação da diminuição da espessura das páginas que restam a ler, 
+que aparecem como um presságio de um desfecho iminente, ainda que na vida também 
+haja presságios de fechamento: por exemplo, o tempo de um evento esportivo depende 
+de uma regra e um cronômetro, e o prazo de uma eleição concorrida ou de uma prova 
+difícil são definidos por uma agenda constitucional ou por um calendário escolar. Em 
+última análise, é a natureza da “coerência final” (Ricoeur 1983, p.104) que parece ser o 
+elemento determinante para afirmar a diferença essencial entre a trama literária e a 
+vida6. 
+ 
+A resposta divergente da história e da ficção sobre o problema especulativo acerca 
+do tempo 
+ 
+David Carr, no debate em torno da publicação do primeiro volume de Tempo e 
+Narrativa, já havia apontado o problema crucial que marcaria a principal mudança no 
+pensamento de Ricoeur no final da sua trilogia. Ele se pergunta sobre a questão 
+fundamental a respeito de saber se a perplexidade evocada por Agostinho concerne 
+efetivamente à experiência do tempo, ou, sobretudo, acerca de um problema 
+exclusivamente especulativo; donde surge a questão de saber em a que consiste 
+precisamente a resposta da solução poética evocada por Ricoeur:  
+ 
+Mais do que descrever a discordância no nível da experiência, Agostinho não 
+teria oposto à compreensão que surge da experiência a incompreensão gerada 
+pela teoria? “O que é então o tempo? Se ninguém me faz a pergunta, eu sei” 
+diz ele. E ele poderia ter acrescentado ainda: e sei perfeitamente. Eu gerencio 
+o passado e o futuro, eu planejo minhas ações com base em minhas 
+experiências passadas, e assim por diante. É somente quando tentamos 
+explicar o tempo, quando tentamos aprender com os conceitos lógicos ou 
+ontológicos, que nós nos perdemos. A palavra aporie (aporia), utilizada aqui 
+	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
+6	
  Sobre	
  esse	
  assunto,	
  Ricoeur	
  se	
  refere,	
  em	
  particular,	
  ao	
  trabalho	
  de	
  Kermode,	
  O	
  sentido	
  de	
  um	
  final	
  
+(1967).	
  
+
+	
  
  
+23 
+por Ricoeur, significa, originalmente, uma dificuldade teórica, e não prática. 
+[...] A experiência prática apresenta muitas dificuldades. Mas a natureza 
+paradoxal do tempo realmente faz parte dela? (Carr, Taylor e Ricoeur, 1985, 
+p; 310-311, tradução livre) 
+ 
+Quando ele reconhece, como eu já havia comentado, que o caráter concordante-
+discordante é igualmente o apanágio das histórias que nos acontecem, assim como 
+daquelas que são reais ou ficcionais e que contamos ou lemos, Ricoeur trabalha em uma 
+mudança crucial na reflexão sobre a relação entre o tempo e a narrativa. O que era 
+apresentado como uma exploração das relações dialéticas entre uma experiência 
+temporal e sua reconfiguração narrativa, se torna uma questão que envolve, na verdade, 
+paradoxos gerados pelo pensamento especulativo. Nesse novo contexto, a solução 
+poética trazida pelas narrativas históricas e de ficção é dirigida a um problema próprio 
+da tradição metafísica da filosofia ocidental, e especialmente à questão ontológica. Aqui 
+o que é abertamente criticado é a falta de resposta fenomenológica à questão de “ser” do 
+tempo. Ricoeur volta às reflexões subjetivas sobre o tempo de Agostinho, de Husserl ou 
+de Heidegger, sob o ponto de vista objetivista de Aristóteles ou de Kant. Ele denuncia o 
+equilíbrio impossível de se manter entre o tempo subjetivo do fenômeno e o tempo 
+objetivo da física, entre o tempo do “eu” e o tempo do “nós”, entre a experiência 
+“passiva” do tempo em que somos jogados e a experiência “ativa” do tempo projetado. 
+Em suma, haveria, segundo Ricoeur, uma dificuldade intransponível para articular as 
+dimensões incompatíveis, mas necessárias na meditação sobre o tempo, um impasse ao 
+qual responderia a “solução poética” das narrativas históricas e de ficção. De acordo 
+com Ricoeur, se se tenta entrar em um desses aspectos (objetivo ou subjetivo, coletivo 
+ou individual, passivo ou ativo), se ocultaria o outro termo da dialética, enquanto as 
+narrativas históricas ou de ficção seriam ou uma reescrita da história humana no tempo 
+cósmico, ou uma exposição dos paradoxos da reflexão sobre o tempo que a 
+fenomenologia tende a ocultar.  
+De saída, é a escritura histórica que parece a mais provável de reatar os laços 
+entre as perspectivas irreconciliáveis dos filósofos, uma vez que, por definição, ela 
+produz uma narrativa coletiva e não individual, uma narrativa que busca uma 
+objetividade além da subjetividade do ponto de vista:  
+ 
+Ora, a história revela a princípio sua capacidade criativa de refiguração do 
+tempo pela invenção, pela invenção e uso de determinados instrumentos do 
+
+	
  
  
+24 
+pensamento tais como o calendário, a ideia da suíte das gerações e aquela 
+outra, conexa, do triplo reino dos contemporâneos, predecessores e 
+sucessores, enfim e sobretudo, pelo recurso aos arquivos, aos documentos e 
+aos vestigios. Estes instrumentos do pensamento são tão notáveis que agem 
+como conectores entre o tempo vivido e o tempo universal. A tal título, eles 
+atestam a função poética da história, e trabalham para resolver os paradoxos 
+do tempo (Ricoeur 1985, p. 189). 
+ 
+Para Ricoeur, a escrita da história permite, portanto, a criação de um “terceiro-
+tempo” que ele define como a “reintegração do tempo fenomenológico sobre o tempo 
+cósmico” (1985, p.229). Quanto à ficção, ela proporia um “contraponto ao mundo 
+histórico” oferecendo aquilo a que Ricoeur chama de “variações imaginativas”que 
+seriam “experiências fictícias do tempo” (1985, p.229). A função deste modo narrativo 
+seria, portanto, exibir desde então os limites da meditação filosófica sobre o tempo, que 
+seria condenado a ocultar o caráter aporético das suas soluções especulativas: 
+ 
+O paradoxo, com o tempo, é que a mesma análise revela uma aporia e oculta 
+seu caráter aporético sob o tipo ideal de sua resolução, o qual não é trazido à 
+luz, enquanto eidos que rege a análise, mas pelas variações imaginativas 
+sobre o mesmo tema da aporia (Ricoeur, 1985, p. 248). 
+ 
+Vê-se aqui que essa não é a única questão que mudou ao longo do caminho, 
+sendo também a natureza da resposta que difere: o foco não está mais no poder 
+“configurante” das narrativas históricas e fictícias. Enquanto que no primeiro volume 
+Ricoeur insistia na convergência das narrativas históricas e fictícias, agora ele enfatiza 
+“a assimetria entre os dois grandes modos narrativos” (1985, p. 247), pois eles trariam 
+respostas diferentes a um novo problema: aquele da aporia filosófica7. Longe de propor 
+uma solução poética colocando ordem no caos da experiência, a ficção teria agora como 
+tarefa descobrir os pontos cegos na reflexão fenomenológica, e, assim, expor as 
+deficiências de suas respostas ideais. Tratar-se-ia, dessa forma, de uma mediação para 
+desmascarar a discordancia temporal que se aloja no cruzamento da concordância mais 
+ordenada, como uma falha irreparável. A conclusão de Ricoeur parece, aqui, 
+surpreendentemente contraditória com o movimento que inspirou o primeiro volume de 
+Tempo e narrativa, já que a narrativa de ficção não aparece mais como uma resposta 
+correspondente a uma suposta discordância que caracterizaria a experiência pré-
+	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
+7	
  A	
  divergência	
  entre	
  a	
  narrativa	
  de	
  ficção	
  e	
  a	
  historiografia	
  será	
  aprofundada	
  por	
  Ricoeur	
  em	
  A	
  
+Memória,	
  a	
  história,	
  o	
  esquecimento,	
  já	
  que	
  a	
  escrita	
  histórica	
  se	
  tornará	
  parte	
  da	
  reconfiguração	
  (como	
  
+leitura	
  de	
  fontes)	
  e	
  não	
  da	
  configuração.	
  
+
+	
  
  
+25 
+narrativa do tempo, mas bem como a expressão mais brilhante do caráter intransponível 
+da dialética da concordância-discordância:  
+ 
+[É] na literatura ficcional onde são exploradas, principalmente, as inúmeras 
+formas em que a intentio e a distentio confrontam e concordam entre si. 
+Nisto, essa literatura é o instrumento indispensável da exploração da 
+concordância discordante que constitui a coesão de uma vida (1985, p.248-
+249).  
+ 
+Aqui a perspectiva mudou completamente agora: Ricoeur admite que a 
+“concordância discordante já era na época o nome de um fenômeno a ser resolvido e de 
+sua solução ideal” (1985, p.248). Chegado a este ponto, ele afirma que nada foi 
+conseguido passando de um problema existencial para sua formulação narrativa, o 
+tempo vivido não se tornou o tempo humano graças à mediação da narrativa literária, 
+mas ele sempre já foi. No entanto, a trama contada através de ficção contribuiria com a 
+exibição das lacunas de outro tipo de discurso: o discurso filosófico com suas soluções 
+especulativas, pretendidas, para o problema do tempo8. A solução para o problema 
+filosófico de pertencer ao tempo não existiria, mas a indecisão desse enigma seria, 
+contudo, contável pela narrativa da ficção, aí estando o que poderia ser, em seu estado 
+final, a tese defendida por Tempo e Narrativa.  
+ 
+A resposta cruzada da história e da ficção ao problema de identidade 
+ 
+Apesar de, ou talvez por causa desse impasse na conclusão de sua trilogia, 
+Ricoeur opera uma última mudança que dará origem a um novo anexo para a teoria da 
+tripla mimese. Ricoeur afirma que a dialética da interação entre a história e a ficção 
+“seria nela mesma um sinal da inadequação da poética à aporética, se não nascesse desta 
+fecundação uma prole” (1985, p.442). Nas páginas finais de sua obra, Ricoeur parece 
+	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
+8	
  Nesta	
  segunda	
  parte	
  da	
  reflexão	
  ricoeuriana,	
  o	
  capítulo	
  intitulado	
  “Mundo	
  do	
  texto	
  e	
  mundo	
  do	
  leitor”	
  
+constitui	
  certamente	
  uma	
  das	
  melhores	
  passagens	
  de	
  Tempo	
  e	
  narrativa,	
  de	
  um	
  lado	
  pela	
  síntese	
  que	
  
+propõe	
  das	
  perspectivas	
  sobre	
  o	
  ato	
  da	
  leitura	
  muitas	
  vezes	
  disjuntas	
  ou	
  concorrentes	
  (retórica,	
  poética	
  
+e	
  estética),	
  e	
  principalmente	
  por	
  causa	
  de	
  seu	
  desafio,	
  que	
  é	
  reinserir	
  a	
  leitura	
  no	
  mundo	
  da	
  ação.	
  
+Abandonando	
  temporariamente	
  a	
  problemática	
  específica	
  da	
  experiência	
  temporal	
  e	
  seus	
  paradoxos,	
  
+vamos	
  desenhar-­‐se	
  uma	
  questão	
  muito	
  maior,	
  a	
  saber,	
  que	
  o	
  ciclo	
  da	
  tripla	
  mimese	
  levanta	
  a	
  questão	
  
+da	
  inclusão	
  da	
  poética	
  narrativa	
  em	
  um	
  mundo	
  do	
  qual	
  ela	
  emerge	
  (como	
  dispositivo	
  intencional	
  de	
  um	
  
+autor)	
  e	
  para	
  a	
  qual	
  ele	
  retorna	
  transformando	
  o	
  leitor.	
  
+
+	
  
  
+26 
+descobrir um novo problema que poderia contestar a poética das narrativas históricas e 
+ficcionais: o problema da identidade. 
+ 
+Sem a ajuda da narrativa, o problema da identidade pessoal está realmente 
+comprometido com uma contradição sem solução: ou se coloca um sujeito 
+idêntico a ele mesmo na diversidade dos seus estados, ou se sustenta, 
+segundo Hume e Nietzsche, que esse sujeito idêntico é apenas uma ilusão 
+substancial, cuja eliminação não deixa aparecer mais que puras cognições, 
+emoções, volições. O dilema desaparece se, da identidade entendida no 
+sentido de um mesmo (idem), se substitui a identidade entendida no sentido 
+de um ser-ele mesmo (ipse), a diferença entre idem e ipse não sendo outra 
+senão a diferença entre uma identidade substancial ou formal e a identidade 
+narrativa. A ipseidade pode escapar do dilema do Mesmo e do Outro, à 
+medida em que sua identidade é baseada em uma estrutura temporal, de 
+acordo com o modelo de identidade dinâmica seguido de uma composição 
+poética de um texto narrativo. Diferente da identidade abstrata do Mesmo, a 
+identidade narrativa, constitutiva da individualidade, pode incluir a mudança, 
+a mutabilidade, na coesão de uma vida. O sujeito aparece então constituído 
+tanto como leitor como escritor de sua própria vida, segundo Proust (1985, p. 
+443).  
+ 
+A noção de identidade narrativa, da qual Ricoeur foi um dos promotores mais 
+influentes, teve, como sabemos, um sucesso fenomenal, e constitui hoje um paradigma 
+que Galen Strawson (2004) pôde descrever como um lugar comum questionável9
+ e 
+James Phelan (2005) cunhou de imperialismo narrativo. Sem entrar em detalhes sobre 
+as críticas que lhe poderiam ser direcionadas, o que deveria surpreender à primeira vista 
+na proposição de Ricoeur é que, ao colocar essa problemática no prolongamento de sua 
+reflexão anterior, ele associa a identidade aos gêneros da ficção literária e da 
+historiografia, ao invés de a ancorar no gênero da autobiografia. Encontramo-nos aqui 
+em um patamar a partir do qual se pode perguntar se “história” e “ficção” não se 
+tornaram, afinal, simples metáforas para descrever dois aspectos inerentes a qualquer 
+narrativa factual, que implica uma relação de fidelidade à memória e aos vestígios do 
+passado, mobilizando uma forma de criatividade imaginativa que permite uma 
+reconstrução permanente da identidade em função das questões do presente. Isto é o que 
+sugere a passagem seguinte: 
+ 
+A este respeito, pode-se dizer que, na troca de papéis entre a história e a 
+ficção, o componente histórico da narrativa sobre si mesmo assume o lado de 
+uma crônica submetida aos mesmos controles documentários que qualquer 
+	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
+9	
  Strawson	
  (2004)	
  se	
  interroga	
  notadamente	
  sobre	
  o	
  ponto	
  de	
  saber	
  se	
  todas	
  as	
  identidades	
  seriam	
  
+realmente	
  narrativas	
  e	
  se	
  não	
  seria	
  necessário	
  deixar	
  um	
  lugar	
  para	
  as	
  identidades	
  ocasionais,	
  pouco	
  
+interessadas	
  em	
  registrar	
  a	
  existência	
  na	
  configuração	
  de	
  uma	
  grande	
  narrativa	
  de	
  si.	
  
+
+	
  
  
+27 
+outra narração histórica, ao passo que o componente ficcional toma o lado 
+das variações imaginativas que desestabilizam a identidade narrativa (1985, 
+p.446). 
+ 
+Deveríamos, então, compreender tudo sobre as proposições de Ricoeur sobre a 
+ficção e sobre a história como uma reflexão sobre os “componentes” históricos e 
+ficcionais que estariam em toda a narrativa, quer se trate de uma autobiografia ou 
+qualquer outro gênero narrativo? Isto certamente não é o que parecia prefigurar a maior 
+parte de Tempo e Narrativa. Qualquer que seja a validade da hipótese de Ricoeur sobre 
+a identidade narrativa, cuja exploração será transportada a um desenvolvimento 
+posterior de sua obra, este último ressurgimento na trama da tríplice mimese apenas 
+destaca a dificuldade de fundamentar a quesão à qual responderiam as narrativas e seus 
+limites (literários?) que tratam de assinalar à segunda mimese para distingui-la daquilo 
+que a precede.  
+ 
+Por uma poética comparada das tramas 
+ 
+Parece-me que o problema central da teoria desenvolvida em Tempo e Narrativa 
+vem do fato de que a obra parte de uma intuição discutível, e que Ricoeur, 
+gradativamente, tomando consciência dos problemas causados por essa intuição infeliz, 
+não deixou de deslocar tanto a solução quanto a formulação do problema, sem conseguir 
+encontrar um lugar onde ele pudesse fixa-los. Esta intuição infeliz concerne à esperança 
+de que a problemática exposta em A Metáfora Viva pudesse ser estendida ao campo da 
+poética da narrativa. A armadilha é que o funcionamento da metáfora se difere 
+significativamente da mise en intrigue, de modo que nenhum deles se enraiza da mesma 
+forma no seio da experiência. Como “tropo”, a metáfora “viva” (a que ainda não foi 
+fixada em um repertório socialmente compartilhado) depende necessariamente de uma 
+mudança no uso normal da linguagem, assinalando, por definição, um limite ou uma 
+diferença semântica. Assim, é possível definir uma relação dinâmica entre a experiência 
+de um evento único, ou de um objeto estranho que vai além das estruturas herdadas da 
+tradição, e a criação posterior de uma nova forma de linguagem, que permitirá 
+preencher o déficit da língua por uma criatividade poética da fala. 
+Será que acontece o mesmo com a experiência temporal e a narrativa? Podemos 
+duvidar disto, na medida em que a experiência mais primitiva, assim como Ricoeur a 
+
+	
  
  
+28 
+reconhece progressivamente, já parece presa nas armadilhas de uma narratividade 
+incoativa que não é radicalmente diferente da que foi gerada pela poética literária. Essa 
+narratividade em formação, mistura de concordância e a discordância, de intenção e 
+distensão, de forma e transformação, não seria portanto essencialmente diferente da 
+intriga literária ou histórica mais acabada. Em outras palavras, o problema decorrem do 
+fato de que a diferença entre a linguagem que molda a experiência e o discurso poético 
+que se renova é menos fácil de ser demonstrado quando se trata de intrigas do que no 
+caso de tropos. 
+Se podemos realmente “tomar a narrativa como o guardião do tempo, na 
+medida em que ele não seria o tempo pensado mas contato” (1985, p.435), ainda é 
+necessário determinar o significado exato do termo “contar”: é o que se “conta” quando 
+já estamos atentos à passagem do tempo, por exemplo, quando um evento importante 
+nos acontece, ou quando nos lembramos ou nos projetamos para o futuro? Existiria algo 
+que se enquadrasse antes da narrativa interior? Seríamos capazes de ter experiências 
+temporais a serem realizadas fora de toda temporalidade articulada narrativamente? Se 
+este não é o caso, então a tríplice mimese deveria dar o lugar a uma poética comparada 
+dos gêneros narrativos. Estes gêneros cobrem um grande espectro: a narração do 
+historiador, colocado sob o signo da fidelidade ao passado, se distingue, geralmente, da 
+narrativa de ficção, que visa intrigar, e esses dois modos narrativos também diferem das 
+narrativas midiáticas ou conversacionais. Trata-se também de distinguir as 
+características próprias às narrativas endereçadas a outros padrões cognitivos 
+mobilizados dentro da expectativa direta que nós temos das histórias que nos 
+acontecem. Existem, naturalmente, diferenças significativas nestes vários modos de 
+articular concordância e discordância, mas as nuances só podem ser entendidas à 
+medida em que se tem por dado que uma determinada forma de narratividade 
+concordante-discordante já articula sempre o evento tal como ele se manifesta na 
+experiência mais direta10. 
+O que se torna essencial nessa poética comparada são os critérios contextuais 
+(sócio-históricos) que definem os objetivos pragmáticos particulares e que produzem as 
+constrições formais singulares durante a constituição das narrativas, igualmente 
+condicionando a percepção e o uso das narrativas em circulação. Colocaremos em 
+	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
+10	
  Para	
  esboçar	
  uma	
  tipologia	
  deste	
  gênero,	
  veja	
  Baroni	
  (2009	
  p.	
  85-­‐91).	
  Sobre	
  a	
  experiencialidade	
  da	
  
+história,	
  veja	
  também	
  Carr	
  (2010	
  p.	
  83-­‐94).	
  
+
+	
  
  
+29 
+evidência, por exemplo, seguindo a tipologia de Genette, as diferenças que existem 
+entre as narrações anterior, posterior, simultânea ou intercalada no curso da história; se 
+perguntará se o evento contado é real (o que implica uma fidelidade aos vestígios do 
+evento) ou imaginário (o que libera esta limitação), se ele é contado para si mesmo ou 
+para outrem, e se tentamos, quanto o contamos, explicar ou, pelo contrário, reproduzir a 
+dimensão passional. Será necessário, naturalmente, levar em contar uma história dos 
+gêneros narrativos e, no caso da literatura, da profundidade do estilo, de sua criatividade 
+poética, que podemos considerar como um elemento determinando na elevação da 
+espiral narrativa (Macé, 2010, p. 262). Mas é preciso acrescentar que esta verticalidade 
+do estilo pode muito bem estar tanto a serviço da concordância quanto da discordância, 
+uma vez que ela pode servir para melhorar a legibilidade do mundo, para aumentar a sua 
+importância, assim como pode visar desestabilizar a leitura, nos arrancar do cotidiano, 
+para iniciar este processo de estrangeirização que Chklovski associava às obras de arte.  
+Põe-se, assim, a questão do lugar que a literatura ocupa no amplo sentido do 
+processo de renovação dos quadros da experiência. Mais uma vez é David Carr quem 
+formula esta questão: 
+ 
+Uma última questão pode ser formulada voltando à afirmação que “o tempo 
+se torna tempo humano à medida que ele é articulado de forma narrativa”. 
+Isto quer dizer que esta articulação deve, necessariamente, assumir a forma 
+de produções literárias, ou mesmo, em termos gerais, os textos? Isto pareceria 
+juntar a afirmação de que a vida não poderia ser vivida sem a literatura. 
+Recebemos, afinal, uma interpretação mais plausível da passagem se 
+adotamos o ponto de vista já defendido, de que a narrativa não é somente um 
+modo de discurso, mas, mais importante, um modo de vida, e mesmo o modo 
+da vida (Carr, Taylor e Ricoeur, 1985, p. 311, tradução livre). 
+ 
+De fato, a experiência de uma possível sobrecarga que afeta o sujeito é um 
+evento que ocorre todos os dias e que, deste ponto de vista, torna caducas as narrativas 
+passadas e carrega a exigência da gênese de novas intrigas. Neste sentido, pode-se 
+admitir que há sempre avanço do sentido e espiral ascendente entre as narrativas do 
+passado e as novas narrativas em formação, porque o tempo não faz nada além de se 
+repetir. A noção de “narrativa incoativa” baseia-se justamente no limite das narrativas 
+passadas que, frente ao inédito, exigem a criação de uma nova narrativa. Mas teria 
+Ricoeur razão, em sua resposta a Carr, de insistir sobre o papel da literatura nesse 
+processo de simbolização?  
+
+	
  
  
+30 
+ 
+Você me pergunta se é preciso então que a vida seja entendida através da 
+literatura; eu responderia que sim – em uma grande medida. Porque a vida 
+« nua » está fora de alcance, pela simples razão de que não nascemos em um 
+mundo de crianças, mas que, enquanto crianças não falantes, chegamos a um 
+mundo já falante, pleno portanto de todas as histórias já contadas por nossos 
+antecessores. Assim, como eu disse na descrição da fase de prefiguração que 
+chamei de mimese I, a ação já está simbolicamente mediada; a literatura, no 
+sentido mais amplo da palavra, incluindo a história, bem como a ficção, 
+reforçam um processo de simbolização já em obra (Ricoeur in Carr, Taylor, 
+Ricoeur, 1985, p.317-318).  
+ 
+Por que não integrar neste “mundo falante”, que dá forma à vida, os “processos 
+de simbolização” que dependem das nossas conversações, das histórias que lemos na 
+imprensa, das que ouvimos no rádio, das que assistimos na televisão, e mesmo estas 
+histórias que se desenrolam nas nossas cartas, nos nossos diários, ou a privacidade dos 
+nossos pensamentos mais secretos, nos nossos sonhos e nos planos engenhosos, nas 
+nossas esperanças e temores, na nostalgia e nos arrependimentos? Não é senão 
+ocasionalmente que as obras literárias ou os trabalhos de historiadores vêm em nosso 
+auxílio, nos fornecendo formas narrativas que moldam nossa experiência vivida: como 
+quando dizemos que ele viveu seu Waterloo ou que ele luta contra os moinhos de vento. 
+Essa restrição do princípio que confina o processo criativo da “mise en intrigue” apenas 
+para os gêneros literários - esse privilégio concedido ao “livro” como um lugar único de 
+renovação das formas simbólicas – não pode ser explicado de outra forma senão pela 
+fidelidade de Ricoeur à tradição hermenêutica a qual ele se refere. 
+ 
+Venturas e Desventuras do legado de Ricoeur 
+ 
+A má-compreensão da complexidade da teoria de Ricoeur engendrou muitas 
+derivas tais que, se sob alguns pontos de vista, são justificáveis em si mesmos, possuíam 
+ainda, no entanto, a vantagem de não se apoiarem sobre um legado mal assumido ou 
+mal compreendido. Para salvar a coerência de uma tese que é, na verdade, carregada de 
+numerosas discrepâncias, a tendência foi, naturalmente, uma simplificação de Tempo e 
+Narrativa: inisistiu-se frequentemente, na caricatura feita do primeiro momento da 
+teoria ricoeuriana, no papel configurante da narrativa, que contrastava com uma 
+experiência que se punha sob a marca do disforme ou do indizível. Essa tendência, que 
+é consistente com um paradigma construtivista em voga nas ciências sociais, tem levado 
+
+	
  
  
+31 
+não raro a uma leitura relativista de Ricoeur. Assim, caímos em um dos dois precipícios 
+que ele denuncia: aquele que consiste em considerar a vida como um disforme absoluto 
+e as respostas poéticas consideradas como pura ficção. Da perspectiva da análise crítica 
+do discurso, é possível afirmar, por exemplo, “a impossível transparência” da mídia 
+(Charaudeau, 2005) ou, ao contrário, enfatizar o perigo de dissolução do sentido face a 
+aceleração do fluxo de informações e às modalidades da narrativa direta (Lits, 1995).  
+Além disso, pode-se observar uma tendência, em minha opinião bastante 
+legítima, ao desejo de integrar à segunda mimese uma narratividade transgenérica e 
+transmidiática, o que conduz a generalizar a proposição de Ricoeur sobre as narrativas 
+não somente midiáticas, mas também orais e conversacionais (Bres, 1994). Se 
+continuássemos este movimento de generalização até integrar ao processo de “mise en 
+intrigue”, os trabalhos atuais que tratam da apreensão cognitiva das ações e dos 
+acontecimentos11, não haveria mais, portanto, razão para refletir sobre o que está na 
+mimese II, uma vez que a mimese I, se considerada como uma modalidade prénarrativa 
+da experiência, seria completamente esvaziada de seu conteúdo.  
+Parece-me que a melhor maneira de quebrar o ciclo vicioso da tríplice mimese 
+implica em abandonar esse modelo, ou aindae, de restringi-lo ao alcance de uma 
+simples expressão, no campo da narratividade, originária do círculo hermenêutico. Se 
+seguirmos esta última opção, faremos da primeira mimese um horizonte de expectativa 
+com base tanto em uma semântica da ação12
+ quanto no conhecimento intertextual de 
+todas as historias já lidas, já ouvidas ou já vividas13. Parece, portanto, necessário não 
+confundir, mesmo com Ricoeur nos convidando a isto, os três componentes do círculo 
+hermenêutico que definem a experiência de leitura (III) a partir da fusão dos horizontes 
+do leitor (I) e do texto (II), com a dialética que envolve um problema temporal (seja de 
+natureza experimental, filosófica ou identitário) e uma resposta narrativa exigindo um 
+processo criativo da “mise en intrigue”. De acordo com a lógica do círculo 
+hermenêutico, o horizonte da espera e o horizonte do texto constituem apenas prévias da 
+experiência estética, e não, experiências propriamente ditas. Em relação à reflexão sobre 
+	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
+11	
  Veja,	
  por	
  exemplo,	
  Herman	
  (2003).	
  
+12	
  Em	
  um	
  estudo	
  particularmente	
  bem	
  sucedido,	
  Bertrand	
  Gervais	
  (1990)	
  explora	
  especificamente	
  essa	
  
+vertente	
  da	
  semântica	
  da	
  ação	
  (que	
  é	
  um	
  pré-­‐requisito	
  para	
  a	
  leitura)	
  trazendo	
  o	
  conceito	
  de	
  tripla	
  
+mimese	
  com	
  os	
  trabalhos	
  em	
  psicologia	
  cognitiva	
  e	
  inteligência	
  artificial.	
  
+13	
  Veja,	
  por	
  exemplo,	
  os	
  capítulos	
  que	
  eu	
  consagro,	
  ao	
  cruzar	
  os	
  trabalhos	
  de	
  Gervais	
  com	
  aqueles	
  de	
  
+Genette,	
  das	
  habilidades	
  “endo-­‐narrativa”	
  e	
  “transtextuais”	
  (2007,	
  p.	
  161-­‐249).	
  
+
+	
  
  
+32 
+os diferentes tipos de mimese envolvidos no tempo humano, devemos manter uma 
+poética comparada dos gêneros narrativos, em cujo seio a história e a ficção não 
+representam mais do que duas modalidades dentre outras, trabalhadas por subespécies 
+genéricas complexas. 
+Além disso, para compreender as diferentes nuances da meditação recoeuriana 
+sobre a relação entre tempo e narrativa – que, na verdade, correspondem a diferentes 
+momentos que devemos concluir como incapazes de concordar retrospectivamente no 
+resultado de sua trilogia – deve-se tentar distinguir os passos que conduzem do 
+problema da experiência temporal para o deslizamento sobre os paradoxos da reflexão 
+fenomenológica sobre o tempo, para finalmente chegar ao paradoxo da identidade. Em 
+paralelo a esse movimento, deve-se observar a ambiguidade da resposta “poética”, por 
+sua vez, apresentada como uma forma de “mise em intrigue” para reconfigurar a 
+experiência, em seguida como a criação de um terceiro tempo historiográfico ou 
+variações imaginativas sobre um problema sem solução, e finalmente como a geração 
+de uma identidade dinâmica. 
+Dificilmente nos surpreenderemos, dentre aqueles que se reivindicaram como 
+herdeiros da problemática articulada em Tempo e Narrativa, por ver desaparecer quase 
+completamente a reflexão sobre os paradoxos que geram a meditação fenomenológica 
+sobre o tempo, uma vez que esta questão ontológica é desprovida de lugar nos campos 
+disciplinares nos quais a tripla mimese prosperou: literatura, análise do discurso, 
+sociolinguística, psicologia, etc. Deve-se, portanto, reconhecer que, em qualquer 
+diálogo interdisciplinar, existem perspectivas e pontos cegos para cada interlocutor, e os 
+interesses do filósofo não são os mesmos dos historiadores, dos literários ou dos 
+linguistas. Não nos esqueçamos, se não desejamos trair os pensamentos, de que Ricoeur 
+foi principalmente um filósofo antes de se tornar um poeta ou um teórico da escrita da 
+história. 
+Se, ao contrário do problema filosófico do pertencer ao tempo, o problema da 
+identidade tem sido uma imensa fortuna na posteridade ricoeuriana, é que 
+provavelmente nossa época é a da crise de identidades, tanto individuais quanto 
+coletivas, crise a qual Ricoeur se opunha, em uma dialética “bem-humorada”, uma 
+“mise en intrigue” preservando a relação misteriosa entre concordância e discordância. 
+Mais uma vez, dependentes do primeiro momento da reflexão iniciada em Tempo e 
+
+	
  
  
+33 
+Narrativa, seus seguidores muitas vezes simplificaram o contraste entre a solução 
+oferecida pela narrativa e pelo paradoxo literário ao qual ela responde, esquecendo as 
+precauções que Ricoeur tomou para não cair no abismo de uma identidade puramente 
+ficcional e compreensão fora do tempo:  
+ 
+A identidade narrativa não é uma identidade estável e sem falhas. […] A 
+identidade narrativa torna-se, assim, o título de um problema, pelo menos 
+tanto quanto o de uma solução (Ricoeur, 1985, p.447). 
+ 
+No final deste percurso, gostaria de destacar que minha leitura crítica não visa 
+em nada denunciar uma falta de coerência do autor ou a esterilidade dos seus escritos, 
+mas sim, destacar o caráter aventuroso de um pensamento cuja honestidade e 
+criatividade o conduzem a não hesitar de se redizer para progredir em direção à verdade. 
+Para ser fiel a Ricoeur, convém não fetichizar sua obra, não fixar seu pensamento em 
+um estado passado, mas continuar no caminho iniciado sobre os novos horizontes. 
+ 
+Referências 
+ 
+Aristote, Poétique, M. Magnien (trad.), Paris, Le Livre de Poche, 1990.  
+Michael Bamberg, « Identity and Narration », in Handbook of Narratology, Peter Hühn, 
+John Pier, Wolf Schmid et Jörg Schönert (dir.), Berlin et New York, 
+Walter de Gruyter, 2009, p. 132-143. 
+Raphaël Baroni, « Histoires vécues, fictions, récits factuels », in L’Œuvre du temps, 
+Paris, éd. du Seuil, « Poétique », 2009, p. 45-94. –, La Tension narrative, Paris, éd. du 
+Seuil, « Poétique », 2007.  
+Jacques Bres, La Narrativité, Louvain, Duculot, 1994. David Carr, « Y a-t-il une 
+expérience directe de l’histoire ? », A Contrario, n° 13, 2010, p. 83-94.  
+David Carr, Charles Taylor et Paul Ricœur, « Table ronde/Round Table. Temps et récit, 
+vol. I »,  Revue de l’université d’Ottawa, n° 55 (4), 1985, p. 301- 322. 
+Patrick Charaudeau, Les Médias et l’information. L’impossible transparence du dis-
+cours, Bruxelles, De Boek, 2005. 
+Viktor Chklovski, L’Art comme procédé, Paris, Allia, 2008. Hans-Georg Gadamer, 
+Vérité et méthode. Les grandes lignes d’une herméneutique philosophique, Paris, éd. du 
+Seuil, 1976.  
+
+	
  
  
+34 
+Gérard Genette, Figure III, Paris, éd. du Seuil, « Poétique », 1972. Bertrand Gervais, 
+Récits et actions : pour une théorie de la lecture, Longueuil, Le Préambule, 1990.  
+Jean Greisch, « Empêtrement et intrigue. Une phénoménologie pure de la narrativité est-
+elle concevable?» , Etudes phénoménologiques, n° 11, 1990, p. 41-83.  
+David Herman, Narrative Theory and the Cognitive Sciences, Stanford, CSLI, 2003. 
+Frank Kermode, The Sense of an Ending: Studies in the Theory of Fiction, Londres, 
+Oxford University Press, 1967. 
+Martin Kreiswirth, « Trusting the Tale: The Narrativist Turn in the Human Sciences », 
+New Literary History, n° 23 (3), 1995, p. 629-657. 
+Marc Lits, «Temps et médias: un vieux couple dans des habits neufs», Recherches en 
+communication, n° 3, 1995, p. 49-62. 
+Marielle Macé, « Un petit tour dans l’avenir. Le temps long de la lecture romanesque », 
+in Devant la fiction, dans le monde, Catherine Grall et Marielle Macé (dir.), Rennes, 
+PUR, 2010, p. 261-276. 
+Ansgar Nünning, « Narratology or Narratologies? Taking Stock of Recent 
+Developments, Critique and Modes Proposals for Future Usages of the Term », in What 
+is Narratology? Questions and Answers Regarding the Status of a Theory, Ce que 
+l’intrigue ajoute au temps 381 
+Tom Kindt et Hans-Harald Müller (dir.), Berlin, de Gruyter, 2003, p. 239-275. 
+James Phelan, « Who’s Here ? Thoughts on Narrative Identity and Narrative 
+Imperialism », Narrative, n° 13 (3), 2005, p. 205-210. 
+Paul Ricœur, Temps et récit, t. 1, Paris, éd. du Seuil, « Poétique », 1983. –, Temps et 
+récit, La Configuration dans le récit de fiction, t. 2, Paris, éd. du Seuil,« Points », 
+1984. –, Temps et récit, Le Temps raconté, t. 3, Paris, éd. du Seuil, « Points », 1985.  
+Wilhelm Schapp, Empêtrés dans des histoires. L’être de l’homme et de la chose, J. 
+Greisch (trad.), Paris, éd. du Cerf, 1992. Galen Strawson, « Against Narrativity », Ratio, 
+n° XVII, 2004, p. 428-452. 
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/169d2b51bdb44216.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/169d2b51bdb44216.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bf002bc9c7157e059a37049e7cf1bbce10376a94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/corpus/humanities/text/169d2b51bdb44216.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Developing the Readiness of Correctional Officers to Act in Emergency Situations in the Context ofImplementation of the Competence-Based Approach in Educational Process
+
+Introduction: the article analyzes possibilities and topical issues of developing the readiness of correctional officers to act in emergency situations in educational process in educational institutions, taking into account requirements of the competence-based approach. Aim: to identify problems and ways to address them in the framework of developing cadets’ readiness to act in emergency situations in penal institutions; the aim is achieved with the help of the following means: generalization of pedagogical experience in the application of the competence-based approach in education and the requirements of professional activity of penitentiary system staff; and analysis of the content of educational programs and programs of academic disciplines. Methods: theoretical analysis of the research problem, theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic, analysis of documents and statistical data, survey, interpretation. Results: analysis of the content of educational programs implemented in educational institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service, analysis of the requirements of professional and official activities dictated by the increased level of criminal danger of persons serving sentences in conditions of deprivation of liberty, analysis of the level of professional training of staff, analysis of the expectations of the heads of penitentiary institutions regarding the professional competence of graduates of educational institutions who are then employed as correctional staff – all this has shown the need to implement a comprehensive approach so as to form cognitive, behavioral, and motivational-value components of readiness for emergency situations, the need to supplement professional competencies that reflect the discussed readiness in relation to various specialties, and the need to conduct regular training in this area, especially in senior courses. Conclusions: in order to develop readiness in correctional staff efficiently, it is advisable to pay attention not only to the formation of cognitive and activity-based components, which are mainly focused on the content of educational disciplines, but also to the motivational and value-based components; circumstancthe formation of the readiness involves, along with the study of special disciplines, organization of psychological training of cadets, which contributes to the implementation of an integrated approach; it is appropriate to develop general professional competencein cadets that would reflect aspects of readiness to act in emergency situations regardless of the specialty obtained; it is important to update the knowledge and skills of how to act in the event of emergencies at the final stage of training. Keywords: Emergency situations; readiness for action; competence-based approach; competence; professional competencies; educational process; educational program; integrated approach
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/1cd93f5854787eac.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/1cd93f5854787eac.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..44415a5b117521aaa5f2b55d95c0eaf2b04a07f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/corpus/humanities/text/1cd93f5854787eac.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+Corrigendum: Culture in English language teaching: a curricular evaluation of English textbooks for foreign language learners
+
+CORRECTION article Front. Educ., 27 October 2023Sec. Language, Culture and Diversity Volume 8 - 2023 | https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2023.1310645
+
+TYPE Correction
+PUBLISHED 27 October 2023
+DOI 10.3389/feduc.2023.1310645
+OPEN ACCESS
+APPROVED BY
+Frontiers Editorial Office,
+Frontiers Media SA, Switzerland
+*CORRESPONDENCE
+Danyal Farsani
+danyal.farsani@ntnu.no
+RECEIVED 09 October 2023
+ACCEPTED 13 October 2023
+PUBLISHED 27 October 2023
+CITATION
+Banaruee H, Farsani D and Khatin-Zadeh O
+(2023) Corrigendum: Culture in English
+language teaching: a curricular evaluation of
+English textbooks for foreign language learners.
+Front. Educ. 8:1310645.
+doi: 10.3389/feduc.2023.1310645
+COPYRIGHT
+© 2023 Banaruee, Farsani and Khatin-Zadeh.
+This is an open-access article distributed under
+the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution
+License (CC BY). The use, distribution or
+reproduction in other forums is permitted,
+provided the original author(s) and the
+copyright owner(s) are credited and that the
+original publication in this journal is cited, in
+accordance with accepted academic practice.
+No use, distribution or reproduction is
+permitted which does not comply with these
+terms.
+Corrigendum: Culture in English
+language teaching: a curricular
+evaluation of English textbooks
+for foreign language learners
+Hassan Banaruee1, Danyal Farsani2* and Omid Khatin-Zadeh3
+1Department of English, American, and Celtic Studies, University of Bonn, Bonn, North
+Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, 2Department of Teacher Education, The Norwegian University of Science
+and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, 3School of Foreign Languages, University of Electronic Science
+and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
+KEYWORDS
+EFL textbooks, curriculum design, material development, teaching, learning, culture,
+education
+A corrigendum on
+Culture in English language teaching: a curricular evaluation of English
+textbooks for foreign language learners
+by
+Banaruee,
+H.,
+Farsani,
+D.,
+and
+Khatin-Zadeh,
+O.
+(2023).
+Front.
+Educ.
+8:1012786.
+doi: 10.3389/feduc.2023.1012786
+In the published article, there was an error in affiliation 2. Instead of “Department of
+Language and Literature, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim,
+Norway”, it should be “Department of Teacher Education, The Norwegian University of
+Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway”.
+The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific
+conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.
+Publisher’s note
+All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily
+represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the
+reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by
+its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
+Frontiers in Education
+01
+frontiersin.org
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/1dde68519a490646.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/1dde68519a490646.txt
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+++ b/corpus/humanities/text/1dde68519a490646.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+Retraction notice to: Land as divine inheritance: An ecological analysis of Leviticus 25:23 in the context of Papuan local wisdom
+
+Reason: The article, ‘Land as divine inheritance: An ecological analysis of Leviticus 25:23 in the context of Papuan local wisdom’, by Warwer (2026), published online on 24 January 2026, has been retracted by the Editor-in-Chief and the Publisher due to unreliable findings.
+
+http://www.hts.org.za
+Open Access
+HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies 
+ISSN: (Online) 2072-8050, (Print) 0259-9422
+Page 1 of 1
+Correction
+Read online:
+Scan this QR 
+code with your 
+smart phone or 
+mobile device 
+to read online.
+Author:
+Fredrik Warwer1 
+Affiliation:
+1Faculty of Theology and 
+Christian Education, Sentani 
+State Christian College, 
+Papua, Indonesia
+Corresponding author:
+Fredrik Warwer, 
+fredrikwarwer22@gmail.com
+Dates:
+Published: 13 Mar. 2026
+How to cite this article:
+Warwer, F., 2026, 
+‘Retraction notice to: Land 
+as divine inheritance: An 
+ecological analysis of 
+Leviticus 25:23 in the 
+context of Papuan 
+local wisdom’, HTS Teologiese 
+Studies/Theological Studies 
+82(1), a11326. https://doi.
+org/10.4102/hts.v82i1.11326
+Copyright:
+© 2026. The Author. 
+Licensee: AOSIS. This work is 
+licensed under the Creative 
+Commons Attribution 4.0 
+International (CC BY 4.0) 
+license (https://
+creativecommons.org/
+licenses/by/4.0/).
+Reason: The article, ‘Land as divine inheritance: An ecological analysis of Leviticus 25:23 in the 
+context of Papuan local wisdom’, by Warwer (2026), published online on 24 January 2026, has been 
+retracted by the Editor-in-Chief and the Publisher due to unreliable findings.
+Following post-publication concerns regarding a reference cited in the article, the matter was 
+assessed by the Editor-in-Chief in consultation with the Publisher in accordance with the 
+journal’s publication ethics policies.
+The editorial assessment identified that the cited work does not support the claim attributed to 
+it in the article. Because the article’s analysis relies on this source, the reliability of the article’s 
+arguments cannot be assured.
+For this reason, the Editor-in-Chief and Publisher no longer have confidence in the reliability of 
+the article and the article has therefore been retracted.
+The author was given the opportunity to register agreement or disagreement with this retraction. 
+A record of any response received has been retained.
+The original article will remain available online to preserve the scholarly record, but will be 
+clearly identified as retracted.
+Reference
+Warwer, F., 2026, ‘Land as divine inheritance: An ecological analysis of Leviticus 25:23 in the context of Papuan local wisdom’, HTS 
+Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies 82(1), a11022. https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v82i1.11022
+Retraction notice to: Land as divine inheritance: 
+An ecological analysis of Leviticus 25:23 
+in the context of Papuan local wisdom
+Read online:
+Scan this QR 
+code with your 
+smart phone or 
+mobile device 
+to read online.
+Note: Doi of original article: https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v82i1.11022.
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/1de3d672dd5abdae.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/1de3d672dd5abdae.txt
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@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+Correction: Shifting Milestones of Natural Sciences: The Ancient Egyptian Discovery of Algol's Period Confirmed
+
+Correction: Shifting Milestones of Natural Sciences: The Ancient Egyptian Discovery of Algol's Period Confirmed
+
+CORRECTION
+Correction: Shifting Milestones of Natural
+Sciences: The Ancient Egyptian Discovery of
+Algol's Period Confirmed
+The PLOS ONE Staff
+Notice of Republication
+This article was republished on January 25, 2016, to correct capitalization errors in notations
+throughout the paper that were introduced during the typesetting process. In addition, a sen-
+tence was corrected in the Discussion section, and Table 6 was replaced with S1 Table. The
+publisher apologizes for the errors. Please download this article again to view the correct ver-
+sion. The originally published, uncorrected article and the republished, corrected article are
+provided here for reference.
+Supporting Information
+S1 File. Originally published, uncorrected article.
+(PDF)
+S2 File. Republished, corrected article.
+(PDF)
+References
+1.
+Jetsu L, Porceddu S (2015) Shifting Milestones of Natural Sciences: The Ancient Egyptian Discovery of
+Algol’s Period Confirmed. PLoS ONE 10(12): e0144140. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144140 PMID:
+26679699
+PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0149042
+February 4, 2016
+1 / 1
+a11111
+OPEN ACCESS
+Citation: The PLOS ONE Staff (2016) Correction:
+Shifting Milestones of Natural Sciences: The Ancient
+Egyptian Discovery of Algol's Period Confirmed.
+PLoS ONE 11(2): e0149042. doi:10.1371/journal.
+pone.0149042
+Published: February 4, 2016
+Copyright: © 2016 The PLOS ONE Staff. This is an
+open access article distributed under the terms of the
+Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits
+unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any
+medium, provided the original author and source are
+credited.
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/20ae67c9bc670816.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/20ae67c9bc670816.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d1de13a41b66f4bb8371aad1009d7af802017e01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/corpus/humanities/text/20ae67c9bc670816.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+Retraction: Data analysis and personalized recommendation of western music history information using deep learning under Internet of Things
+
+article [1] because it was identified as one of a series of submissions for which we have concerns about peer review integrity and similarities across articles.These concerns call into question the validity and provenance of the reported results.We regret that the issues were not identified prior to the article's publication.
+
+RETRACTION
+Retraction: Data analysis and personalized
+recommendation of western music history
+information using deep learning under
+Internet of Things
+The PLOS ONE Editors
+The PLOS ONE Editors retract this article [1] because it was identified as one of a series of sub-
+missions for which we have concerns about peer review integrity and similarities across arti-
+cles. These concerns call into question the validity and provenance of the reported results. We
+regret that the issues were not identified prior to the article’s publication.
+ZY either did not respond directly or could not be reached.
+Reference
+1.
+Yang Z (2022) Data analysis and personalized recommendation of western music history information
+using deep learning under Internet of Things. PLoS ONE 17(1): e0262697. https://doi.org/10.1371/
+journal.pone.0262697 PMID: 35081140
+PLOS ONE
+PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291707
+September 14, 2023
+1 / 1
+a1111111111
+a1111111111
+a1111111111
+a1111111111
+a1111111111
+OPEN ACCESS
+Citation: The PLOS ONE Editors (2023) Retraction:
+Data analysis and personalized recommendation of
+western music history information using deep
+learning under Internet of Things. PLoS ONE 18(9):
+e0291707. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.
+pone.0291707
+Published: September 14, 2023
+Copyright: © 2023 The PLOS ONE Editors. This is
+an open access article distributed under the terms
+of the Creative Commons Attribution License,
+which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and
+reproduction in any medium, provided the original
+author and source are credited.
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/2104beec5a905923.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/2104beec5a905923.txt
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@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+Correction to: A pilot study of improved psychological distress with art therapy in patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy
+
+An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
+
+CORRECTION
+Open Access
+Correction to: A pilot study of improved
+psychological distress with art therapy in
+patients with cancer undergoing
+chemotherapy
+E. B. Elimimian1, L. Elson1, E. Stone1, R. S. Butler2, M. Doll1, S. Roshon1, C. Kondaki1, A. Padgett3 and Z. A. Nahleh1*
+Correction to: BMC Cancer 20, 899 (2020)
+https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-020-07380-5
+Following publication of the original article [1], the au-
+thors report the following error in the third paragraph of
+the discussion section. Mandala coloring is not a primary
+modality used in art therapy, nor was it a primary modal-
+ity used in the intervention of this study. The first sen-
+tence of this paragraph should therefore read “Our data
+suggests that introspective Mandala drawings, one type of
+art modality utilized for art therapy, is beneficial.”
+Author details
+1Department of Hematology/Oncology, Maroone Cancer Center, Cleveland
+Clinic – Florida, 2950 Cleveland Clinic Blvd, Weston, FL 33331, USA.
+2Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/ Brigham
+and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, USA. 3Charles E.
+Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road
+BC-71, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.
+Reference
+1.
+Elimimian EB, Elson L, Stone E, et al. A pilot study of improved
+psychological distress with art therapy in patients with cancer undergoing
+chemotherapy. BMC Cancer. 2020;20:899 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-
+020-07380-5.
+© The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License,
+which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give
+appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if
+changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons
+licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons
+licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain
+permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
+The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the
+data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
+The original article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-
+020-07380-5.
+* Correspondence: nahlehz@ccf.org
+1Department of Hematology/Oncology, Maroone Cancer Center, Cleveland
+Clinic – Florida, 2950 Cleveland Clinic Blvd, Weston, FL 33331, USA
+Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
+Elimimian et al. BMC Cancer        (2020) 20:1125 
+https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-020-07643-1
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/234e858bfbc1f905.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/234e858bfbc1f905.txt
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c8b99f9c06bc82ab766735be65159bbfcdf5f0bd
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+Cylindrical objects made usually of fired clay but sometimes of stone were found at the Yarmukian Pottery Neolithic sites of Sha'ar HaGolan and Munhata (first half of the 8 th millennium BP) in the Jordan Valley.Similar objects have been reported from other Near Eastern Pottery Neolithic sites.Most scholars have interpreted them as cultic objects in the shape of phalli, while others have referred to them in more general terms as ''clay pestles,'' ''clay rods,'' and ''cylindrical clay objects.''Reexamination of these artifacts leads us to present a new interpretation of their function and to suggest a reconstruction of their technology and mode of use.We suggest that these objects were components of fire drills and consider them the earliest evidence of a complex technology of fire ignition, which incorporates the cylindrical objects in the role of matches.
+
+The Earliest Matches
+Naama Goren-Inbar*, Michael Freikman, Yosef Garfinkel, Nigel A. Goring-Morris, Leore Grosman
+Institute of Archaeology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
+Abstract
+Cylindrical objects made usually of fired clay but sometimes of stone were found at the Yarmukian Pottery Neolithic sites of
+Sha‘ar HaGolan and Munhata (first half of the 8th millennium BP) in the Jordan Valley. Similar objects have been reported
+from other Near Eastern Pottery Neolithic sites. Most scholars have interpreted them as cultic objects in the shape of phalli,
+while others have referred to them in more general terms as ‘‘clay pestles,’’ ‘‘clay rods,’’ and ‘‘cylindrical clay objects.’’ Re-
+examination of these artifacts leads us to present a new interpretation of their function and to suggest a reconstruction of
+their technology and mode of use. We suggest that these objects were components of fire drills and consider them the
+earliest evidence of a complex technology of fire ignition, which incorporates the cylindrical objects in the role of matches.
+Citation: Goren-Inbar N, Freikman M, Garfinkel Y, Goring-Morris NA, Grosman L (2012) The Earliest Matches. PLoS ONE 7(8): e42213. doi:10.1371/
+journal.pone.0042213
+Editor: David Caramelli, University of Florence, Italy
+Received May 15, 2012; Accepted July 2, 2012; Published August 1, 2012
+Copyright: 
 2012 Goren-Inbar et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits
+unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
+Funding: The authors have no support or funding to report.
+Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
+* E-mail: goren@cc.huji.ac.il
+Introduction
+Elongated cylindrical objects were first found in the Near East at
+the Pottery Neolithic (PN, 8th millennium BP) site of Sha‘ar
+Hagolan by Stekelis [1] and later at the PN site of Telulyot Batashi
+by Kaplan [2]. These objects were deemed phalli on the basis of
+their shape and interpreted as cultic in purpose [3]. At the PN site
+of Munhata, 16 similar clay items [4] and four stone items [5] were
+reported. In a preliminary report such items were illustrated
+together with anthropomorphic figurines [6], and in the publica-
+tion of the stone items they were described as ‘‘schematic and
+naturalistic representations of phalli’’ [5].
+The largest assemblage of these items, some 80 complete and
+fragmentary objects that are all made of fired clay, was recovered
+during recent excavations at the PN site of Sha‘ar HaGolan [7,8].
+These objects are all cylindrical in shape and many have one
+conical end, though they are rarely biconical. Only ca. 19% of
+them are complete (n = 15). The assemblage at Sha‘ar HaGolan is
+assigned to the Yarmukian culture. Similar artifacts are known
+from several sites in northern Israel that are dated to the latter part
+of the 8th millennium BP and the earlier part of the 7th millennium
+BP [9–11] (note that Gopher [9] assigns the Yarmukian culture to
+the second rather than the first half of the 8th millennium BP). The
+geographical distribution of these cylindrical artifacts (both stone
+and clay) is quite extensive and they have been reported from
+several other sites in the Near East (Figure 1). Stekelis, the first to
+discuss this category of object, suggested that they were cultic in
+function, following their presumed resemblance to phalli [1,3].
+Others have referred to them in a more generalized fashion as
+‘‘clay pestles’’ [7], ‘‘clay rods’’ [12], or ‘‘cylindrical clay objects’’
+[8].
+We present here some new observations on the Sha‘ar HaGolan
+assemblage and discuss the characteristics of the cylindrical
+artifacts. We then reconsider the data and the phenomenon in
+general and suggest a new interpretation for the production,
+technology, and function of these artifacts: that they are matches –
+the tool used to ignite fire. In order to test this hypothesis, the clay
+cylinders were re-examined and compared with data stemming
+from archaeological, ethnographic, and experimental studies.
+Results
+Characterizing the Cylindrical Artifacts
+The cylindrical objects are all made of high-quality, extremely
+fine-grained clay, with some grits less than 1 mm in size. The
+objects were fired at a relatively high temperature and their color
+varies between different shades of gray [8]. In general, the
+cylinders differ greatly in both fabric and color from the pottery
+assemblage recovered at Sha‘ar HaGolan; only a large human
+statue was made of this kind of clay [13]. The length of the
+complete items is 30–60 mm (mean: 46.9 mm) and the diameter is
+12.6–14.1 mm. The cylindrical objects were produced by rolling
+the clay on hard, flat surfaces that left impressions of various types
+on their bodies. Although only 18.7% are complete [8], the
+morphology of the extremities (both complete and broken) is quite
+varied: flat, conical, double conical, rounded, pinched, rounded
+and conical, or unidentified (Figures 2, 3, 4).
+The morphology of the cylinder is even and symmetrical along
+the entire length axis. Previous observations [8] yielded additional
+traits, including combing (20%), scraping (30%), and polishing
+(12.5%) or burnishing (26.3%). Summing up these characteristics,
+it is evident that some 71% of the entire assemblage bears signs of
+secondary treatment. This is especially striking in view of the
+efforts invested in the pottery vessels and figurines found on site
+[8].
+Recent re-examination of the artifacts resulted in the identifi-
+cation of several additional features on some of the objects:
+a.
+Striations: Of major importance are the striations visible on
+the conical ends of the items (Figure 3:3). Striations sometimes
+appear on the body of the item as well (Figure 3:1).
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+b.
+Dark coloration: Excessive heat has resulted in black staining
+(Figures 2:1, 3:3). This staining is in marked contrast to the
+grayish color of the cylindrical body and occurs only on the
+conical tips of artifacts. This coloration was apparently
+produced unintentionally and after the clay cylinders had
+been fired.
+c.
+A particular breakage pattern: Many of these objects are
+broken, displaying different breakage patterns. Some breaks
+Figure 1. Distribution map of Neolithic sites mentioned in the text where cylindrical artifacts (both fired clay and stone) were
+found.
+doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0042213.g001
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+are transversal (up to 30u; n = 42; 62.7% of the objects)
+(Figure 2:2), others are oblique (45u; n = 31; 46.3%)
+(Figure 2:5) or perpendicular to the length axis (up to 30u;
+n = 22; 27.5%) (Figure 2:3–5). Altogether, 71.6% of breaks are
+oblique and perpendicular, clearly a deviation from the
+transversal breakage mode predicted for objects with
+elongated morphology.
+d.
+Grooves, deeper than the striations on the tips, are observed
+on the bodies of clay cylinders. There are thin grooves of
+roughly horizontal orientation (Figure 4:3), while Figure 3:1–2
+illustrates shallower and more numerous oblique grooves,
+covering more of the surface.
+Near Eastern evidence of fire production is extensive and begins
+as early as the Acheulian of Gesher Benot Ya‘aqov [14].
+Throughout the Paleolithic era, indications for fire exploitation
+are provided by ashes [15–17], charcoal [19], and hearths [17–
+21], joined in the Epi-Paleolithic by remains of lime plaster
+[22,23]. An extensive role of fire becomes more visible during the
+Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA; ca. 11,750–10,500 calBP; all dates
+cited from [24]) and particularly in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B
+(PPNB; ca. 10,500–8,400 calBP), though we lack evidence for the
+production of fire. Clearly, the Neolithic material culture manifests
+a distinct evolutionary phase in pyrotechnology [25] as expressed
+by an unprecedented array of technologies associated with fire.
+Among these, a component of great importance is the introduction
+and the extensive use of ‘‘mechanical’’ drills.
+Drilling has been documented as early as the Natufian culture
+(15,000–11,700 years calBP) through increased numbers of cap
+stones and drilled stones including beads [26–27]. Still, the
+evidence for the use of drills rises dramatically at the beginning of
+the Neolithic period (PPNA), as observed at the quarry sites of
+Hatula [28], Tzur Nathan [29], and Kaizer. Data are available
+from the sites of Netiv Hagdud [30] and Gilgal [31–33] as well.
+These manifestations, as well as those observed in the following
+PPNB cultures, include stone-ground vessels and implements such
+as basins, bowls, perforated rocks, and slabs; jewelry such as beads,
+pendants, and amulets [34–35]; bone tools such as points, fish
+Figure 2. Fired-clay cylindrical artifacts. 1) darkened tip and typical longitudinal break; 2) medial breaks of three different artifacts; 3–5) three
+examples of artifacts with typical longitudinal break; the left-hand artifact is an example of the biconical type.
+doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0042213.g002
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+hooks, needles, and buckles [32]; figurines of stone, clay, bone, and
+ivory; and even human bones [36]. Clearly, drilling technology
+was implemented for a diverse range of tasks and materials prior to
+the Pottery Neolithic cultures.
+Discussion
+The New Interpretation
+Our interpretation is based on the known cultural and
+technological evidence for advanced pyrotechnology in Neolithic
+times. The various characteristics of the clay cylindrical objects
+described above (shape, symmetry, excellent clay quality, conical
+extremities, particular breakage patterns, spiral striations, and
+darkened tips in some case), can all be explained by a single
+function. We propose that these items are the earliest recorded
+matches – drill bits serving as a component of an advanced
+composite drill mechanism to produce fire. The basic property of
+this mechanism, well attested ethnographically [37,38], is high-
+speed rotation to create friction. The rotation transmits energy,
+i.e., heat, in the socket of a fireboard, causing three types of
+markings through friction between the drill bit and the board.
+These are striations (including parallel striations, rotational marks,
+spiral scratches, and spiral grooves), polish marks, and darkening
+of the drill bit when extensive heat is generated. The heat
+generated by the friction ignites the tinder that is placed on the
+board, frequently in a groove or fire pan, a shallow depression
+containing the tinder (e.g., [37,38]). In addition, the rotational
+motion, which entails both pressure and speed, gives the ends of
+the cylindrical objects a conical shape while they are rotated inside
+the board’s socket, sometimes enlarging the latter. Ethnographic
+[37,39–41] and experimental [38,41] studies show that the motion
+of the fire drill results in an abrasive pattern on the drill, forming
+a conical shape at the tip of the drill bit. Some of the specimens
+were given a conical end in advance during the primary stage of
+modification, probably in order to ease the drill bit into the
+fireboard (Figure 4:5).
+The speed of rotation, and the abrasive force that it generates,
+clearly depend on two main factors: the drill bit (its morphology
+and
+raw
+material)
+and
+the
+fireboard
+(i.e.,
+the
+‘‘hearth’’).
+Archaeological examples of drills (both palm and bow varieties)
+and boards made of wood have been discovered in the Old World,
+mainly in Egypt (e.g., [42,43]) but in Europe as well [38]. The
+New World furnishes similar evidence, notably from South
+America ( [38,41] and references therein). Similar findings, but
+with a much more extensive variability of raw materials, are
+recorded from the ethnographic data [39,40,43].
+Although reconstructing the drills used at Sha‘ar HaGolan is
+a speculative task, we propose two alternatives: a bow drill [40,44–
+46] or a pump drill [37,40,44,47]. These drill types comprise a drill
+bit, a shaft/spindle, a handle, a top piece, and cords/thongs. The
+pump drill has an additional component, a flywheel (whorl) usually
+in the form of a perforated thin disc, which serves as a weight to
+add momentum [37]. Both drill types require hafting devices and
+technologies to connect the drill bit to the shaft, and both use
+a board with sockets, usually lined up in a row, for the bit to drill
+into the surface of the board [39,43]. Indeed, the Sha‘ar HaGolan
+Figure 3. Characteristic traits of fired-clay cylindrical artifacts. 1) grooves; 2) grooves and striations; 3) darkened conical tip with associated
+striations resulting from rotation.
+doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0042213.g003
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+clay assemblage includes objects [8,48] that could easily have
+served as flywheels and fore-shafts to connect the drill bit to the
+rotating shaft.
+Of the two varieties of drill, the bow drill seems the more
+appropriate, considering the presence of distinct damage pattern
+in the form of grooves (Figure 4:3). These grooves probably
+resulted from the thin string of the bow rubbing the body of the
+clay cylinder. If this is a valid reconstruction, these grooves may be
+indicative of a very short drill bit without a shaft and with
+a capstone and a string wrapped around the cylindrical artifact.
+The use of the cylindrical artifacts as drill bits to ignite fire is
+further supported by their different breakage patterns. Activating
+a pump/bow drill introduces pressure along the axis of the shaft/
+drill bit. With the bow drill this force is introduced from the top of
+the shaft (by hand/cap stone) and interacts with the rotational
+force caused by the movement of the bow. In the case of a pump
+drill, the friction in the board’s socket is produced mainly by the
+weight of the flywheel and to a lesser extent by the pressure of the
+hand on the handle [37]. In both instances transversal breakage
+may occur when equilibrium is lacking between the perpendicular
+vectors of force described above. In both drills any excessive force
+will cause breakage, and one may cite the high frequency of
+longitudinal and diagonal breaks at Sha‘ar HaGolan (Figures 2, 3).
+The biconical cylinders exemplify the technological sophistica-
+tion and flexibility of the Sha‘ar Hagolan inhabitants. The
+biconical artifacts are viewed as double-ended objects in which
+an exhausted end had been replaced, after rehafting, by the other
+end of the same clay cylinder. The items with one conical end and
+those with rounded ends could also have been reused after
+rehafting. The artifacts with pinched ends (Figure 4:5) may be
+viewed as prepared but as yet unused items. Experimental work
+[38,41] shows that the very first turns of the drill are difficult, as
+the drill bit is liable to slip from its intended point on the board.
+Thus, pinching can be a stabilizing factor maintaining the drill bit
+at a particular point on the board. According to ethnographic
+observations, the grip of the drill bit on the board can be improved
+by grooving/notching (or alternatively making a cross) at the
+drilling point on the board, but the grooves or notches are
+frequently also guttered in order to allow the accumulation of
+sawdust (e.g., [43]). The dimensions of the sockets increase with
+the ongoing and repeated process of drilling.
+Based on the frequency of these clay objects and their lack of
+any artistic decoration, as well as the absence of any coloration
+(apart from the dark staining on the conical tips are related to
+charring), we conclude that these fired-clay objects were indeed
+drill bits employed in the process of fire making.
+The Origin and Spread of the Fire Drill
+Archaeological evidence of fire drills is extremely rare, probably
+due to the fact that they were generally made of perishable
+materials, particularly wood. Both drill and board are preserved
+only under very particular conditions, either in hyper-arid or in
+waterlogged environments (e.g., the Egyptian wooden specimens
+mentioned above). In support of our interpretation we may refer to
+the Egyptian hieroglyph for fire, which portrays a fire drill of bow
+drill type [43]. Fire drills must have been a very common artifact
+type in antiquity to become an illustrative reference to fire.
+As noted above, cylindrical artifacts have been found in
+a number of Near Eastern PN sites, including Munhata: clay
+Figure 4. Fired-clay cylindrical artifacts. 1–2) biconical; 3, 4, 6) single conical tip; 3) usage grooves (mid-section and its enlargement); 5) pinched
+at both ends; 6) conical and flat ends.
+doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0042213.g004
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+[6,49] and stone [11]; Jericho: stone [50]; Nizzanim: stone [51];
+Ard el Samra: clay [52]; Ugarit: clay [53]; Mureybet: stone [54];
+Tel Brak clay [55]; and Jfrabad: clay [56] (Figure 1). This
+widespread distribution illustrates the regular use of this particular
+method of igniting fire and the fact that it was a very common
+procedure during the PN.
+Fired-clay cylindrical objects older than the PN (e.g., [33]) have
+not yet been examined in the light of the above interpretation;
+thus, it is possible that similar items do exist in the archaeological
+record preceding that of the PN and that their distribution is even
+wider. The PPNB site of Kfar HaHoresh furnishes evidence for
+possible use of fire drills prior to the PN. The evidence comprises
+several stone blocks made of limestone and assigned to the Middle
+PPNB. These fragmentary stone artifacts, two reported in [57],
+have one or more pits/sockets with grooves connecting them
+(Figures 4, 5, 6). Examination of the sockets and their morphology,
+as well as the straight and curved incisions on the stone block,
+leads us to consider these artifacts as fireboards, similar to objects
+recorded through ethnographic observations (e.g., [39]). Some of
+the Kfar HaHoresh artifacts also exhibit a shallow depressed
+surface around the perimeter of the sockets, which includes the
+incisions/grooves leading to the sockets (Figure 6). In our
+interpretation, the sockets were formed by the insertion of the
+drill bit and its rotation, which in turn enlarged the sockets as
+drilling advanced. The surface grooves were made to accommo-
+date the tinder and the depression around it, known from
+ethnographic items, was hollowed in order to lay down additional
+tinder (usually as a heap or bundle) to prevent the wood dust from
+rising up from the spiral motion of the drilling. This is the fire pan,
+i.e., the area where tinder is laid on the board, to catch the spark
+and complete the process of ignition [37]. Apparently it is essential
+to keep the heated dust in a heap [39] and the fire pan clearly
+helps to sustain optimal conditions. Thus, we consider these (stone)
+artifacts the earliest manifestations of fire boards associated with
+the production of fire. Petrie wrote: ‘‘Both the fire drill and bow drilling
+probably originated from the use of the bow and arrow’’ [42:59] and
+Francis shared the view that the bow drill [37:61] ‘‘… is evidently
+a variety of the ordinary bow and arrow, modified for drilling.’’ Kfar
+HaHoresh, like most PPNB sites, is rich in arrowheads that imply
+knowledge of bow mechanics, further strengthening our suggestion
+that the systematic production of matches predates the PN finds at
+Sha‘ar HaGolan.
+Figure 5. Kfar HaHoresh limestone artifacts interpreted as fire boards. 1) sockets and groove; 2–3); close-up of sockets with striations and
+fire pan.
+doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0042213.g005
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+Archaeological and ethnographic descriptions of fire drills are
+concerned with wooden apparatus and with friction between two
+wooden elements.
+Nevertheless,
+we believe
+that
+the items
+presented here, though made of clay and stone, were used for
+the same purpose. The mechanism that produces heat and
+combustion is rooted in the friction of two elements in motion.
+Ethnographic data (e.g., [39]) indicate that in order to increase the
+friction, sand (or grit of other types) was poured into the socket.
+We lack the boards that were the counterpart of the fired-clay
+cylindrical artifacts, but the striations on the conical parts, and
+sometimes on other parts of the item, demonstrate that extensive
+friction did take place. The holed stone boards from Kfar
+HaHoresh provide evidence that the friction was intense. The Pre-
+Pottery Neolithic artisans were skilled in drilling stone and other
+hard materials (e.g., [28] and see references above). The wide
+geographical distribution of the fired-clay and stone cylinders
+emphasizes this point. The increasingly frequent occurrence of
+partially perforated stone blocks described as ‘‘game boards’’ at
+other Near Eastern PPNB sites, such as Beidha [58], Wadi Tbeik
+[59], ‘Ain Ghazal [60], Wadi Abu Tulayaha [61–64] and Wadi
+Ghwair [65], clearly merits further investigation. Of these, some of
+these could have functioned as fireboards.
+The Symbolic Aspect
+Our interpretation of these items does not negate the symbolic
+connotations that they may have held, as pointed out by Stekelis
+[3]. Ethnographically, in many societies the fire drill and the
+Figure 6. Kfar HaHoresh limestone artifacts interpreted as fire boards. 1) sockets; 2) socket, groove, and fire pan; 3) sockets, grooves, and
+fire pans.
+doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0042213.g006
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+fireboard are considered to represent the male and female sex
+organs respectively. One can thus add this aspect to the
+importance of fire drills, probably first introduced in the Pre-
+Pottery Neolithic and becoming common in the Pottery Neolithic
+period.
+Materials and Methods
+Cylindrical clay artifacts originating in the excavations of the
+Pottery Neolithic site of Sha‘ar HaGolan provide the material for
+the analysis [3,4,7,8,12]. Attribute analyses of morphology,
+damage marks (breakage, striations, grooves), and color are
+described, and some examples are illustrated. The interpretation
+of the clay objects relies on experimental data [37,38,41] and
+ethnographic studies [39,40,43,44,46,47], as well as complete sets
+of archaeological fire drills that are assigned to later periods
+[42,43,45].
+Acknowledgments
+The authors wish to thank Gabi Laron for the photographs (Figures 2, 3, 4,
+5, 6) and Noah Lichtinger and Guy Hivroni for producing the digitized
+graphics. Anna Belfer-Cohen offered invaluable comments and corrections
+and improved the various drafts of this article. Sue Gorodetsky edited the
+manuscript with her usual professionalism and dedication.
+Author Contributions
+Conceived and designed the experiments: NG-I. Performed the experi-
+ments: NG-I LG. Analyzed the data: NG-I LG. Contributed reagents/
+materials/analysis tools: MF YG NG-M. Wrote the paper: NG-I.
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+Learning Strategies: Prototypical Core and Dimensions of Variation
+
+This paper explores the concept of learning strategies through a prototype perspective. It is argued that “learning strategy” is not a clearly definable concept, because strategies differ from each other in terms of “family resemblance” or “graded degrees of membership”. The prototypical core of a strategy is a dynamic process with problem-solving as its central aim. It involves selective attention, analysis of task, choice of decisions, execution of plan, monitoring of progress and/or modification of plan, and evaluation of result. A strategy varies in terms of prototypicality along the following dimensions: 1) intentionality, 2) self-initiation, 3) metacognitive regulation, 4) sequentiality of activities, 5) chunking of activities, and 6) automaticity in strategy execution. In addition, a “learner-task-context-strategy” framework is presented to provide the “learning” dimensions of learning strategies. It is hoped that the perspectives presented in this article will alleviate the discomfort about conceptual fuzziness and open up a new agenda on language learning strategy research.
+
+ 
+ 
+ISSN 2185-3762 
+Studies in Self-Access Learning Journal 
+http://sisaljournal.org  
+ 
+Learning Strategies: Prototypical Core and 
+Dimensions of Variation  
+ 
+Yongqi Gu, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand 
+  
+Corresponding author: peter.gu@vuw.ac.nz 
+Publication date: December, 2012. 
+ 
+ 
+To cite this article  
+Gu, Y. (2012). Learning strategies: Prototypical core and dimensions of variation. 
+Studies in Self-Access Learning Journal, 3(4), 330-356. 
+ 
+ 
+To link to this article 
+http://sisaljournal.org/archives/dec12/gu 
+ 
+This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Please contact the 
+author for permission to re-print elsewhere. 
+ 
+Scroll down for article 
+ 
+
+SiSAL Journal Vol. 3, No. 4, December 2012, 330-356 
+ 
+ 
+330
+Learning Strategies: Prototypical Core and Dimensions of Variation 
+ 
+Yongqi Gu, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ Abstract  
+ 
+This paper explores the concept of learning strategies through a prototype perspective. It 
+is argued that “learning strategy” is not a clearly definable concept, because strategies 
+differ from each other in terms of “family resemblance” or “graded degrees of 
+membership”. The prototypical core of a strategy is a dynamic process with problem-
+solving as its central aim. It involves selective attention, analysis of task, choice of 
+decisions, execution of plan, monitoring of progress and/or modification of plan, and 
+evaluation of result. A strategy varies in terms of prototypicality along the following 
+dimensions: 1) intentionality, 2) self-initiation, 3) metacognitive regulation, 4) 
+sequentiality of activities, 5) chunking of activities, and 6) automaticity in strategy 
+execution. In addition, a “learner-task-context-strategy” framework is presented to 
+provide the “learning” dimensions of learning strategies. It is hoped that the perspectives 
+presented in this article will alleviate the discomfort about conceptual fuzziness and open 
+up a new agenda on language learning strategy research.  
+ 
+Keywords: learning strategies; prototype perspective 
+ 
+Note from the author 
+ 
+An earlier version of this paper was presented at the International Project on Language Learner Strategies 
+(IPOLLS) Seminar held at Oxford University in June 2004. It was subsequently published as Working 
+Paper No. 10 in April 2005 at the AIS St Helens Centre for Research in International Education, Auckland, 
+New Zealand. The author would like to thank Charles Alderson, Andrew Cohen, Joan Rubin, Anna  
+Chamot, Ernesto Macaro, Carol Griffiths, Rebecca Oxford, and Guangwei Hu for their helpful comments at 
+various stages.  
+ 
+ 
+ 
+Despite recent efforts by leading experts in the field (e.g., Cohen, 2011; Oxford, 
+2011), research interest in language learning strategies is at an all-time low. Part of this 
+decline in interest came from the repeated and yet unsuccessful attempts at clarifying the 
+concept of “learning strategies”, so much so that some scholars have called for the 
+concept to be abandoned and replaced with “self-regulation” (e.g., Dörnyei, 2005). I 
+contend that this is not a healthy sign, because the definition quibble is going beyond the 
+advancement of knowledge in delineating conceptual boundaries, and because teachers 
+and learners on the ground are not getting the practical guidance needed from the experts. 
+
+SiSAL Journal Vol. 3, No. 4, December 2012, 330-356 
+ 
+ 
+331
+A few scholars have argued against the proposed solution (e.g., Gao, 2007; Rose, 
+2012), reasoning that conceptual fuzziness should not be a problem serious enough to 
+overthrow forty years of research on language learning strategies. The argument is clear 
+and straightforward: if not being able to agree on the definition of a Planet until 2006 
+does not in any way discredit the scientific nature of astronomy, or necessitate the 
+removal of the concept of “planet” altogether, why should we throw away a whole line of 
+research on language learning strategies? In fact, the proposed alternative term “self-
+regulation” or even a more general and key term “learning” fall into the same fuzziness 
+trap (For more details, see Educational Psychology Review 2008 special issue on 
+metacognition and self-regulation; and Educational Psychologist 2009 special issue on 
+learning). This indicates to me that the find-another-term solution is not viable. 
+In this article, I will contend further that conceptual fuzziness is not a problem at 
+all. I will try to anchor the concept of learning strategies through a prototype perspective. 
+In so doing, I will deliberately draw on the long tradition of learning strategies research in 
+general, although my intended audience is primarily researchers and teachers in the 
+language learning field. It will be argued that learning strategy is a prototypical rather 
+than categorical concept, and finding a prototypical core and mapping out dimensions of 
+variation would be a practical solution. Seeing learning strategies from this perspective 
+will hopefully open up a new agenda for learning strategy research.  
+ 
+Learning Strategy: A Fluid Concept 
+ 
+The family of learning strategies is a large one. When theorists and researchers 
+from various disciplines talk about learning strategies, they do not usually refer to the 
+same concept. Weinstein and Mayer’s (1986) conception of learning strategies, for 
+example, bears little resemblance to that of Entwistle (1977) and Pask (1976, 1988). Even 
+within similar conceptions, there may be disputes about what constitutes a typical 
+strategy (see, Rothkopf, 1988). On the other hand, people do not always use the same 
+terminology to refer to the same concept, resulting in overlapping conceptions with hazy 
+boundaries. For instance, “cognitive skills” (Colley & Beech, 1989), “cognitive 
+strategies” (Gagne, 1985; Kirby, 1984; Pressley & Levin, 1983a, 1983b), “study skills” 
+(T. H. Anderson, 1979; Rothkopf, 1988), “learning to learn” (Bransford, Stein, Shelton, 
+
+SiSAL Journal Vol. 3, No. 4, December 2012, 330-356 
+ 
+ 
+332
+& Owings, 1981), “metacognitive strategies” (Garner, 1988), “executive control 
+processes” (Gagne, 1985), “self-regulation” (Zimmerman, 1990), as well as “learning 
+strategies” (O’Neil, 1978; O’Neil & Spielberger, 1979; Weinstein, Goetz, & Alexander, 
+1988), to name only a few, can hardly be separated as distinctive concepts. 
+ 
+In solving the definition problem, O'Neil (1978) adopted an all-inclusive stance 
+and defined learning strategies as “intellectual and affective skills” (p. xi) that constitute 
+“a necessary condition for more efficient learning”. He preferred the term “learning 
+strategies” “because the term implies a broad general approach that includes affective and 
+motor techniques as well as cognitive strategies” (O’Neil & Spielberger, 1979, p. xi). 
+Kail and Bisanz (1982) expressed their dissatisfaction in an eloquent way, saying 
+“disagreement over the exact definition of strategy may be a healthy sign, for it indicates 
+that psychologists have learned enough about human cognition to make distinctions that 
+were formerly unnecessary” (p. 230). 
+ 
+In search of a definition pattern, a number of definitions from some prominent 
+theorists and researchers in educational psychology are collected and presented in Table 1. 
+The original wording in these definitions is kept as closely as possible, but broken down 
+into two columns. 
+ 
+Table 1. Defining Learning Strategies 
+Authors 
+What are LS? 
+What are LS for? 
+Brown, Bransford, Ferrara, 
+and Campione (1983) 
+systematic application of 
+deliberate plans, routines, 
+or activities 
+to enhance learning 
+Derry and Murphy (1986) 
+a collection of mental 
+tactics employed by an 
+individual in a particular 
+learning situation 
+to facilitate acquisition of 
+knowledge or skill 
+ 
+ 
+Kirby (1988) 
+the means of selecting, 
+combining, redesigning 
+cognitive routines 
+for performing specified 
+tasks 
+Mayer (1988) 
+behaviors of a learner that 
+are intended 
+to influence how the 
+learner processes 
+information 
+
+SiSAL Journal Vol. 3, No. 4, December 2012, 330-356 
+ 
+ 
+333
+Nisbet and Shucksmith 
+(1986) 
+integrated sequences of 
+procedures, the appropriate 
+selection and flexible 
+adaptation of which is 
+to meet the needs of a 
+specific learning situation 
+ 
+ 
+Rigney (1978) 
+general operations or 
+procedures 
+to aid the acquisition 
+retention & retrieval of 
+knowledge and performance 
+Schmeck (1988a) 
+a sequence of procedures 
+for accomplishing learning 
+Wade, Trathen and Schraw 
+(1990) 
+a configuration of different 
+tactics, deliberately selected 
+and carefully monitored 
+ 
+for a particular purpose 
+for effectiveness 
+Weinstein and Mayer 
+(1986) 
+behaviors and thoughts that 
+a learner engages in during 
+learning and that are 
+intended 
+to influence the learner’s 
+encoding process 
+ 
+ 
+Table 1 reveals that most scholars define learning strategies as, roughly, 
+something used by students to accomplish learning. This over-simplification, of course, 
+provides no help whatsoever either for research or for practical training purposes. On the 
+other side of the coin, however, we do see from Table 1 that most scholars agree that the 
+term “learning strategies” or “cognitive strategies” does encompass a definition of 
+“strategies” and that of “learning”, i.e., what strategies are for. 
+ 
+In further describing the concept of strategies, different researchers have proposed 
+different categories. Table 2 provides a summary of some of these schemes expressed in 
+terms of dichotomies: 
+ 
+Table 2. Dichotomies of Strategies 
+Authors 
+Dichotomies of Strategies 
+Kirby (1984) 
+Perkins (1985) 
+Nisbet & Shucksmith (1986) 
+Snowman (1986) 
+Bellezza (1983) 
+macro 
+general 
+strategies 
+strategies 
+strategies 
+micro 
+specific 
+skills 
+tactics 
+techniques 
+Sternberg (1985) 
+Naus & Ornstein (1983) 
+Dansereau (1978) 
+executive 
+strategies 
+support 
+non-executive  
+processes 
+primary 
+Weinstein & Mayer (1986) 
+Gilhooly & Green (1989) 
+Rigney (1978) 
+domain-general 
+domain-independent 
+detached 
+domain-specific 
+domain-dependent 
+embedded 
+ 
+
+SiSAL Journal Vol. 3, No. 4, December 2012, 330-356 
+ 
+ 
+334
+ 
+ 
+It should be noted that Table 2 by no means lists exclusively strategy descriptions 
+in the psychology literature; it simply tries to capture similar descriptive patterns of fuzzy 
+categories. Concepts in each column overlap but are not identical to each other. Similarly, 
+the relationship between each dichotomy may not be the same as that between another 
+pair in the table. 
+ 
+A distinction most often made, as is seen in the first five pairs in Table 2, is along 
+the lines of scope or generality. Some strategies appear to be more general than others; 
+the less general ones are usually referred to as “skills”, “tactics”, or “techniques”. In other 
+words, only the general ones, according to these authors, can reach the strategy level (cf. 
+Stern, 1975 in the SLA literature). The next three pairs of dichotomies focus on what 
+strategies are for. The three terms on the left are for the management of learning. They 
+refer more or less to the metacognitive strategies that we now know. The three terms on 
+the right, on the other hand, refer either to strategies that aim to help with the execution 
+of the primary cognitive processes such as encoding and retrieval (“non-executive”, or 
+“primary”), or to these cognitive processes as such (“processes). These distinctions are 
+along functional lines and are very difficult to operationalize (Naus & Ornstein, 1983). 
+“Distance from the task” (Biggs, 1984) is the criterion for the last three pairs in Table 2. 
+These distinctions echo what some researchers in SLA have been positing, e.g., Vann and 
+Abraham’s (1990) differentiation of person-dependent vs. task-dependent strategies. It is 
+believed that the domain-dependent or embedded strategies are nearer to tasks and thus 
+the most teachable (Biggs, 1984). The detached strategies, on the other hand, are believed 
+to be “more appropriate for bright students, who probably would be more able to direct 
+themselves” (Rigney, 1978, p. 175). 
+ 
+Putting learning strategies in the light of these bipolar dichotomies has 
+considerably enlightened our understanding of the general term “strategies”, it has not, 
+however, cleared up the mess, not to mention serving as the guiding hand for research 
+and training (Chipman & Segal, 1985). The perennial argument about the generality of 
+strategies, for example, does not seem at all productive, and some researchers even ended 
+up pondering over the very existence of general strategies (Chipman & Segal, 1985) or at 
+least questioning the significance of teaching general strategies, especially to experts, as 
+
+SiSAL Journal Vol. 3, No. 4, December 2012, 330-356 
+ 
+ 
+335
+opposed to novices (Perkins, 1985). Though some researchers have gone beyond the 
+dichotomy conceptualization and proposed elaborations, e.g., “macrostrategies-
+mesostrategies-microstrategies” (Biggs, 1984), or “strategies-tactics-skills” (Kirby, 1988), 
+these new conceptions are not as readily and widely acceptable as the dichotomies and do 
+not shed much more light upon the description of learning strategies. Practical questions 
+from research and training continue to haunt theorists. e.g., Can knowledge be strategy? 
+Are activities strategies? Are observable motor activities, as opposed to covert mental 
+activities, strategies? Are strategies always under conscious control? What happens to the 
+automated strategies? These questions, among others, have either been deliberately 
+avoided or taken for granted in previous literature. 
+ 
+A Prototype Perspective of Learning Strategies 
+ 
+The questions above are difficult to answer, because there are no defining 
+boundaries to the learning strategy concept. Operational definitions without due concern 
+for the fuzziness of conceptual edges along different dimensions tend to present a false 
+impression as though learning strategies were clearly definable, often obscuring empirical 
+findings and reducing the external validity of research results (see Wellman, 1983; 
+Yussen, 1985 for similar discussions on the concept of metacognition). 
+ 
+Pinker and Prince (1999) distinguish between two types of human concepts: 
+classical categories that are defined by necessary and sufficient criteria, and prototype 
+categories that are characterized by “graded degrees of membership” (pp. 8–9). The latter 
+can be described in the following ways: 
+• They lack necessary and sufficient conditions for membership 
+• They have graded degrees of membership 
+• The category can be summarized by an ideal member or prototype, sometimes but 
+not always an actual exemplar of the category 
+• There can be unclear cases 
+• They often display a family resemblance structure 
+• Good members tend to have characteristic nondefining features 
+ 
+
+SiSAL Journal Vol. 3, No. 4, December 2012, 330-356 
+ 
+ 
+336
+Since the six points above can all describe the “learning strategy” concept that we 
+know, I argue henceforth that a prototype perspective1 would be a way out of the 
+conceptual impasse, because it entails an open exposition of learning strategies. Instead 
+of strategies vs. non-strategies, strategies display “family resemblances” to greater or 
+lesser degrees (Pinker & Prince, 1999). In other words, learning strategies can be viewed 
+as differing from each other in degree the same way as birds differ in terms of birdiness 
+(Aitchison, 1987; Rosch, 1975), i.e., some strategies are more strategy-like than others 
+just as some birds are birdier than other birds. Prototypes are the ideal forms, so to speak, 
+of target concepts. Particular instances are evaluated by means of comparing them to the 
+prototypical exemplars to see how much common variance they share. Finding strategy 
+prototypes and matching various strategic properties against them offers a much more 
+illuminating perspective in the definition and description of learning strategies than 
+simple categorizations based upon the presence or absence of, for instance, generality, or 
+of other strategic attributes. Hence, the definition of learning strategies, according to 
+prototype theory, would mean the delimitation of attributes that anchor the central core of 
+a strategy, while at the same time spelling out possible dimensions of variance in much 
+the same way as, though far more complicated than, Labov’s (1973) demonstration of the 
+concept of a cup.2  
+ 
+Strategies: The prototypical core 
+ 
+Strategy is not a static concept. On the contrary, a prototypical strategy is a 
+dynamic process with problem-solving as its central aim. The ideal strategy involves at 
+least the following procedures: 
+• Attending selectively to learning problems and tasks 
+• Analysing the task at hand 
+                                                           
+1 Kail and Bisanz (1982) mentioned in passing “prototypic features of strategic activity” (p. 230), but they 
+did not elaborate on the idea. 
+ 
+2 Labov (1973) conducted a series of experiments in which drawings of various household containers were 
+provided. The container with a handle, whose width was similar to its depth, was invariably named a cup 
+by his subjects. As the width increased, more and more subjects called it a bowl. When the depth was 
+increased, however, chances also increased for the container to be called a vase. The revealing point is, 
+there are no distinctive borderlines between a cup and a bowl or between a cup and a vase. 
+ 
+
+SiSAL Journal Vol. 3, No. 4, December 2012, 330-356 
+ 
+ 
+337
+• Making decisions and choices 
+• Executing plans  
+• Monitoring progress and modifying plans 
+• Evaluating results 
+• Coordinating an orchestrating strategic behaviour 
+ 
+Figure 1 shows the whole process of a strategic move. From selectively attending 
+to a problem or a novel task; to the analysis of self, problem, and situation; to the making, 
+execution, and evaluation of a plan; all the way until the solution of the problem is 
+reached. Every step is an integral link of the strategy chain; and every step involves the 
+strategic choice on the part of the problem solver. 
+ 
+Figure 1. What’s in a Strategy? 
+ 
+ 
+Strategies: Dimensions of variability and prototypical features 
+ 
+Due to its dynamic nature, an ideal strategy is made up of two components, a 
+metacognitive component and a cognitive one. The former refers to the process whereby 
+a learner selectively attends to a learning task; analyses the self, the task, and the situation; 
+
+SiSAL Journal Vol. 3, No. 4, December 2012, 330-356 
+ 
+ 
+338
+plans for a course of action; monitors the execution of the plan; and evaluates the 
+effectiveness of the whole process. The latter refers to the actual execution of the strategy. 
+The metacognitive component is intentional and conscious, whereas the cognitive part is 
+not necessarily so. The following six points delineate the dimensions along which a 
+strategy can vary, and the prototypical features of each dimension.   
+In addition, the core concept of learning strategies can also be viewed as including 
+both strategy competence and strategy performance (Rothkopf, 1988), the former serving 
+as precursor to the latter without necessitating its activation. Similarly, Brown et al. (1983) 
+visualized a distinction between a static and a dynamic perspective of knowledge and 
+performance, arguing that “students vary not only in what they know but also in what 
+they do with what they know. Knowledge is necessary but not sufficient for performance, 
+for it is the efficiency with which a learner uses whatever is available that defines 
+intelligence” (p. 100). 
+ 
+The significance of the competence/performance distinction has been repeatedly 
+demonstrated in empirical work, especially in studies of metacognition, where a similar 
+distinction, metacognitive knowledge vs. metacognitive regulation (Cavanaugh & 
+Perlmutter, 1982; Lawson, 1984), has been shown pivotal in the interpretation of 
+empirical results (see Yussen, 1985).  
+ 
+Intentionality and purposefulness. A prototypical strategy is intentionally 
+selected, consciously engaged in, and consciously monitored and evaluated (Paris, Lipson, 
+& Wixson, 1983; Underwood, 1978) for the fulfillment of an aim or a solution of a 
+problem. A learning behaviour is not strategic if it is deployed without a purpose, no 
+matter how many steps it involves, and how general it is. Some unsuccessful learners 
+seem to employ learning behaviours similar to their peers and are confused as to why the 
+same behaviours do not lead to the same learning outcomes. A careful analysis of these 
+unsuccessful learners would reveal their aimlessness as compared to their successful 
+counterparts (Gu, 1994). Intentionality and purposefulness are not a matter of yes or no, 
+but a matter of weak or strong. In other words, it is a continuum along which 
+prototypicality can be judged.  
+ 
+
+SiSAL Journal Vol. 3, No. 4, December 2012, 330-356 
+ 
+ 
+339
+ 
+Self-initiation. Another “central feature” of strategies is learner-initiation (Palmer 
+& Goetz, 1988), indicating a strong link between strategies and the underlying 
+motivational force, which explains why learners often fail to put their strategic 
+competence into practical use (Brown et al., 1983; Flavell, 1970; Flavell & Wellman, 
+1977; Paris & Lindauer, 1982). Rothkopf  (1988) described this dimension of learning 
+strategies vividly: 
+ 
+Study skills3 are like dietary information that diabetics can describe in fastidious 
+detail, but that they neglect at the dinner table. They are like knowing how to 
+protect the roses in your garden from aphids, but failing to do so. They are like 
+knowing about calories and wishing to be thin and yet continuing to eat too much 
+(p. 276). 
+ 
+Awareness, monitoring, and evaluation. Because of the deliberateness and goal-
+orientedness of learning strategies, learners are usually aware of the strategies they are 
+using (Rabinowitz & Chi, 1987). Moreover, the strategies are monitored on-line and their 
+effectiveness evaluated after completion of a task. This aspect of learning strategies is 
+exactly what Flavell (1970, 1976) referred to as metacognition. Awareness of learning 
+strategies enables a learner to know what s/he is doing, making it possible for the 
+researcher to elicit the on-going mental activities. Monitoring and evaluation, on the other 
+hand, empowers the learner to adapt to various socio-contextual changes by means of 
+flexible application of strategies adjusted to his/her personal needs and styles of learning, 
+and to the requirement of tasks. As has been repeatedly demonstrated in previous 
+literature (e.g., Brown, 1978; Forrest-Pressley & Gillies, 1983; Pressley, Borkowski, & 
+Schneider, 1987), it is exactly this flexibility and conditional nature of strategies that 
+serves as the critical agent that distinguishes the mature from the young, the good from 
+the poor, and the expert from the novice learners. To use Garner’s (1988, p. 64) words, 
+“knowing when to use a strategy is as important as knowing how to use it”. 
+                                                           
+3  In Rothkopf (1988), the term “study skills” was used interchangeably with learning strategies. 
+ 
+
+SiSAL Journal Vol. 3, No. 4, December 2012, 330-356 
+ 
+ 
+340
+Strategy performance: Sequence of activities vs. single activities. “A strategy 
+is a sequence of activities rather than a single event” (Garner, 1988, p. 64). This 
+conception is shared by quite a number of researchers (Derry & Murphy, 1986; Kail & 
+Bisanz, 1982; Nisbet & Shucksmith, 1986; Schmeck, 1988b; Wade et al., 1990). Many 
+researchers (Bellezza, 1983; Goh, 2002; Snowman, 1986) label the single learning 
+activities as “techniques” or “tactics” and refer to the activity groups as strategies. This is 
+understandable from the dynamic conception we see in Figure 1, in that the sequence of 
+activities is a deliberately designed problem-solving process, not a one-shot aimless 
+activity. 
+ 
+Strategy performance: Activity chunk vs. activity pile. Defining a learning 
+strategy as a “sequence” or “configuration” of activities does not mean an arbitrary piling 
+of these activities, nor does it mean the piecemeal application of each activity one by one. 
+When a group of single activities or tactics are applied in a particular sequence again and 
+again, they form chunks that preserve the effect of the sequence, take up less working 
+memory capacity by building in information that no longer requires domain-specific 
+declarative knowledge to be retrieved from long term memory, hence requiring less time 
+to perform. These are the composition and proceduralization processes of John 
+Anderson’s (1982, 2000) knowledge compilation which bridges the gap between 
+declarative knowledge and procedural knowledge. In this way, from knowing how to 
+perform to actual performance, from slow performance to fast performance, strategies 
+become automatised activity chunks. Without the sequential nature of performance, piles 
+of activities will not serve strategic purposes. 
+ 
+Strategy performance: Automatized vs controlled. Repeated effective use of 
+these chunks results in automatization of the process, which entails less and less effortful 
+attention, thereby reducing the required working memory capacity as well as processing 
+time. As a learning strategy is automatized, the learner’s control over the strategy is 
+reduced, and it becomes less and less conscious and can be initiated at the prompt of a 
+task demand without the learner’s awareness. Rabinowitz and Chi (1987) insist that once 
+strategic behaviors become automated and lose conscious awareness, they are not 
+
+SiSAL Journal Vol. 3, No. 4, December 2012, 330-356 
+ 
+ 
+341
+strategic any more. However, I contend that the strategies under conscious control are 
+only at the beginning stage, and that the highest form of strategic performance is 
+automatic. An automatised strategy may appear to lose the learner’s conscious awareness, 
+but this is only the execution and performance aspect and is therefore not the entire 
+manifestation of a strategy. What automatisation may lose is the awareness of the 
+execution process. Many of the metacognitive components, e.g., selective attention, 
+analysis of the situation, decision making, monitoring and evaluation of the strategic plan, 
+are all intentionally done, no matter how quick the process is. In the meantime, awareness 
+of metacognitive regulation will not be entirely lost either. For instance, an expert tennis 
+player in a match is constantly observing and analyzing how the match is going, 
+modifying and evaluating his/her choice and use of strategies. The actual execution of the 
+strategies, however, must be done automatically. Hitting the backhand of the opponent is 
+a conscious decision resulting from intentional analyses of the match, but the 
+modification of posturing, positioning of body, aiming of angle, and hitting of ball are all 
+done automatically. Theoretically, if the match is stopped immediately while the 
+strategies are still in Short Term Memory, the player should be able to verbalize the 
+process of choosing and deploying the strategies. This is essentially the same argument as 
+the one made by Winne (1995), when he contended that self-regulated learning “can be 
+automatic and non-deliberate once the learner has automated procedural knowledge that 
+recognizes when to regulate and what to do” (p. 223). 
+ 
+ 
+Figure 2. The Strategy Prototype and Dimensions of Variation 
+
+SiSAL Journal Vol. 3, No. 4, December 2012, 330-356 
+ 
+ 
+342
+ 
+Ideal features vs. minimum features. I have just outlined what I believe to be 
+core features of strategies. However, it may be necessary to make a distinction between 
+ideal features and minimum features of a strategy. Just like the ability to fly is an ideal 
+but not minimum feature of a bird (e.g., ostriches), some features of a strategy may be 
+ideal but are not minimum, defining features. For instance, ideal strategies are aimed at 
+and lead to success in performance (Macaro, 2006), but success in task completion 
+should not be a defining feature of a strategy. Similarly, some of the strategy dimensions 
+I described above, for example, the automatic execution of a strategy, must be an ideal 
+but not minimum feature. 
+ 
+To sum it up, a prototypical or ideal strategy is a dynamic process of problem 
+solving. It contains a metacognitive component and a cognitive component. A 
+prototypical strategy is a purposeful, self-initiated, and intentionally selected, monitored, 
+and evaluated sequential series of activities. A mature strategy is automatically executed. 
+As is illustrated in Figure 2, the prototypicality of a strategy depends on 1) how many 
+dimensions are present, and 2) how close to the prototypical core each dimension is. 
+To date, learning strategy research includes the following kinds: Quantitative 
+perspectives typically focus on the repertoire (how many) and frequency (how often) of 
+strategy use; and qualitative approaches tend to describe how particular strategies are 
+used by certain learners in performing selected learning tasks. A prototype perspective of 
+learning strategies entails a whole new range of new angles in examining learning 
+strategies. For example, in addition to the repertoire and frequency of strategy use, we 
+could measure the degree of prototypicality of a learner’s strategy use and relate it to 
+his/her learner results, e.g., how many central dimensions of a strategy are present, how 
+prototypical is each dimension of a strategy being used. We can also examine different 
+stages of strategy use (e.g., selective attention, analysis of self, task, and situation, 
+decision making, monitoring and evaluating of plan, etc.) so as to diagnose where the 
+exact problems are in a particular learner’s strategic behaviours, and to help him/her 
+modify strategy choice and use for desired learning outcomes.  
+ 
+
+SiSAL Journal Vol. 3, No. 4, December 2012, 330-356 
+ 
+ 
+343
+Dimensions of Learning 
+ 
+Competence or performance, general or specific, controlled or automatic, learning 
+strategies are what the learner utilizes when confronted with a learning task. The 
+strategies a learner chooses to use, the ways they are deployed, monitored and evaluated, 
+depend both on what the learner brings with him/her to the learning situation, i.e., 
+individual differences, as well as on the situation per se where learning occurs. Most 
+importantly, as Biggs (1984) rightly emphasizes, “‘strategy’ is a key concept in 
+explicating relationships between person, situation, and performance” in that it, among 
+other things, explains “what happens between personological and situational variables on 
+the one hand and performance on the other” (p. 112). Thus the conceptualization of 
+learning strategies will not be complete without examining the aspect of learning and the 
+corresponding dimensions along which the acquisition and performance of strategies vary. 
+ 
+Both individual differences and situational variables play decisive roles in the 
+formation, retention and use of learning strategies. Which side is more decisive, however, 
+is essentially an issue virtually unresolvable (see Shipman, 1988 for an excellent 
+discussion on the nature/nurture dispute). As Schmeck (1988a) put it, 
+ 
+If we keep a situation constant and look across people, we see situational 
+influences; and if we keep the person constant and look across situations, we see 
+the influence of personal style. However, the two are normally (e.g., in our 
+classrooms) operating simultaneously in a sort of “chemical reaction” that, in the 
+end, may be unanalyzable (p. 10). 
+ 
+ 
+What we can do, it seems, is to, on the one hand, map out both the personological 
+and the situational variables (Biggs, 1984) that determine the competence and 
+performance of a learner’s learning strategies, while on the other hand remind ourselves 
+that “a person in context is not simply the sum of the person and the context” (Schmeck, 
+1988a, p. 12). 
+When a person approaches a relatively challenging task, s/he adopts certain 
+strategies to solve the problem. This problem-solving process is boosted or constrained 
+
+SiSAL Journal Vol. 3, No. 4, December 2012, 330-356 
+ 
+ 
+344
+by the learning context where the problem is being tackled. Language learning involves 
+such problem-solving tasks at different levels of complexity. The strategies a learner uses 
+and the effectiveness of these strategies very much depend on the learner him/herself 
+(e.g., attitudes, motivation, prior knowledge), the learning task at hand (e.g., type, 
+complexity, difficulty, and generality), and the learning environment (e.g., the learning 
+culture, the richness of input and output opportunities).  
+ 
+ 
+Figure 3. Person-Task-Context-Strategies: An Explanatory Model 
+ 
+Theorists and researchers have presented the same framework (see Figure 3) in 
+slightly different ways. Brown et al. (1983) advocated the adoption of a tetrahedral 
+learning model proposed by Jenkins (1979) which elaborates the person-by-context 
+(Sarason, 1979) conception of learning into four interrelated factors: characteristics of the 
+learner, learning activities, nature of the materials, and criterial tasks. The first two are 
+roughly dimensions of individual differences, and the latter two dimensions of contextual 
+variations. Williams and Burden’s (1997) social constructivist model outlines four 
+aspects of the teaching-learning process, i.e., teachers, learners, tasks, contexts. Cohen 
+(2003) focuses on learners and discusses the intersection of learning style preferences, 
+learner strategies, and language tasks. Flavell’s (1979) conception of the three 
+components of metacognitive knowledge, i.e., person, task, and strategy, also applies in 
+
+SiSAL Journal Vol. 3, No. 4, December 2012, 330-356 
+ 
+ 
+345
+the language learning field (Wenden, 1987). Similarly, Fox and Riconscente’s (2008) 
+three components of self-regulatory action, i.e., the subject who does the regulating, the 
+object that is regulated, and the means by which regulation is done, describe essentially 
+the same strategic learning processes. The person-task-context-strategy model outlined 
+here can be viewed as a synthesis of this body of knowledge, specifically for the purpose 
+of analyzing research work on language learning strategies.  
+ 
+Learner characteristics and learning strategies 
+The learner brings to the language learning situation a wide spectrum of 
+individual differences that will influence the learning rate and the ultimate learning result. 
+The most widely reported learner factors include age, sex, language aptitude, intelligence, 
+prior knowledge, motivation, self-concept/image, personality, and cognitive and learning 
+style. These person-dependent factors are relatively stable, and determine to a large 
+extent how a learner approaches a task. After all, strategies are but learner-initiated 
+actions that result from, make use of, or make up for, the aforementioned individual 
+differences. Among these IDs, the learner’s sex, motivation, cognitive style, knowledge 
+of various types, and his/her processing capacities are the most researched in relation to 
+learning strategies. Compared to task-related strategies, person-related strategies have 
+rarely been studied. 
+ 
+Learning task and learning strategies 
+When a learner approaches a task with a repertoire of strategies, s/he often 
+chooses a strategy with the product demand in mind, and tailors his/her choices in tune 
+with their effectiveness in performing the task (Bransford et al., 1981). Different types of 
+tasks call for different strategies. The encoding, retention, or retrieval processes, for 
+instance, require corresponding strategies for effective performance (Rigney, 1978). 
+Likewise, tasks of various scopes also set limits to the corresponding strategies required, 
+hence the differentiation between the generality/specificity of strategies (Dansereau, 
+1985). 
+A learning task can be as broad as mastering a second language or as specific as 
+remembering one meaning of a word. Broadly speaking, this conception of the learning 
+
+SiSAL Journal Vol. 3, No. 4, December 2012, 330-356 
+ 
+ 
+346
+task includes the materials being learned (such as the genre of a piece of reading) as well 
+as the goal the learner is trying to achieve by using these materials (such as remembering, 
+comprehending, or using language). It should be noted that this conception of “task” is in 
+line with the traditional, broader understanding of task as in Flavell (1979), Wenden 
+(1987), and Williams and Burden (1997), and is different from the more recent and 
+narrower definition of “task” in “task-based” approaches to language teaching and 
+learning (e.g., Nunan, 1989).  
+Different types and structures of task materials, task purposes, and tasks at various 
+difficulty levels demand different learner strategies, even overriding individual 
+differences from time to time. Take vocabulary learning, for example, learning words in a 
+word list is different from learning the same words in a passage. Remembering a word 
+meaning is different from learning to use the same word in real life situations. Guessing 
+from context would mean different things for texts of different levels of new word 
+density. Similarly, the most frequent 1000 words would need different learning strategies 
+from some low frequency vocabulary. Likewise, knowledge acquisition strategies would 
+not be expected to be identical to those for skill acquisition. Strategies used in learning a 
+foreign language are certainly different from those in learning, say, history, art, or 
+literature, hence the distinction between domain-specific and domain-general strategies. 
+Strategies for learning oral/aural competencies would also be different from those for 
+learning written discourse. In addition, the ways in which stimulus materials are 
+organized and structured may also bring about different processing strategies (Brown et 
+al., 1983). 
+ 
+Learning context and learning strategies 
+Learning context refers to the learning environment. It is the social, cultural, 
+educational, and political environment where learning takes place. The learning context 
+can include the teachers, the peers, the classroom climate or ethos, the family support, the 
+social, cultural tradition of learning, the curriculum, and the availability of input and 
+output opportunities. Learning context is different from language context which refers to 
+the textual or discoursal place in which a particular word or structure can be found. 
+Learning contexts foster or constrain the ways learners approach learning tasks. A 
+
+SiSAL Journal Vol. 3, No. 4, December 2012, 330-356 
+ 
+ 
+347
+learning strategy that is valued in one learning context may well be deemed inappropriate 
+in another context. In other words, an individual learner’s strategies and activities are 
+often determined not only by his/her own predispositions, but also by the social context 
+where learning occurs. “Other regulation”, to use a term of the sociocognitivists 
+(Vygotsky, 1978), plays a vital role in learning vis-à-vis “self-regulation”. As a result, 
+learners often have to develop social learning strategies in addition to their cognitive and 
+affective repertoire. 
+Person, task, context, and strategy are interrelated and work together to form the 
+chemistry of learning. An analysis of learning strategies will never be complete without 
+knowing the person-task-context configuration of the particular learning situation. Some 
+strategies are more person-dependent, some are more task-dependent, and others are 
+more context-dependent.  
+ 
+This interweaving relationship is best summed up by Brown et al. (1983): 
+ 
+We would like to argue that just as psychologists need to understand how the four 
+points interact (Jenkins, 1979) so, too, do learners. On her road to becoming an 
+expert in the domain of intentional learning, the child will be greatly helped if she 
+can develop the same insights into the demands of the tetrahedral model that the 
+psychologist needs (p. 106). 
+ 
+Indeed, nor can research on intentional learning, i.e., learning strategies, afford to 
+overlook any of the four interrelated functional dimensions when defining learning 
+strategies and when examining either their acquisition, retention, and performance, or the 
+relationship between the employment of these strategies and the outcomes of learning. In 
+other words, learning strategies cannot simply be viewed as general or specific strategic 
+competence, and controlled or automatic strategic performance independent of the learner 
+and the context. The functional/learning aspect of learning strategy definition and 
+research is as important as the prototypical core of strategies. 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+
+SiSAL Journal Vol. 3, No. 4, December 2012, 330-356 
+ 
+ 
+348
+Summary 
+ 
+The concept of learning strategies is an extremely fluid one. At the first sight, 
+O’Neil’s (1978) seemingly all-inclusive definition which embraces both cognitive and 
+affective learning skills, and Vygotsky’s (1978) view of learning that places emphasis on 
+other-regulation as well as self-regulation, seem to suffice in the definition of learning 
+strategies  (cf. O’Malley & Chamot’s (1990) strategy scheme). However, when 
+microstructures of learning strategies are analyzed, focusing on both the entailment of a 
+strategy and that of learning, the picture is far from clear. 
+ 
+A prototype perspective of learning strategies is presented above, delimiting core 
+features of strategies and mapping out dimensions of variation around the concept of 
+strategy and that of learning. I argue that the core concept of strategy is a dynamic 
+process involving noticing and selectively attending to a problem, analyzing the self, the 
+task and the situation, making decisions and plans, executing plans, monitoring, and 
+evaluating the effectiveness of the whole process. A strategy includes strategy 
+competence and strategy performance. In addition to purposefulness and self-initiation, 
+the prototypical strategy is intentionally selected and used, consciously monitored and 
+evaluated. A strategy is manifested as a sequence of activities, chunked rather than piled 
+up, and gradually automatised. The selection of a strategy is intentionally done, and the 
+learner is consciously aware of the strategies s/he is using, monitoring the strategies as 
+they are being performed, and evaluating their effectiveness after they are executed. 
+Nevertheless, the skillful execution of a strategy is done automatically. Finally, I present 
+a “learner-task-context-strategy” framework so that learning strategy research can be 
+carried out or examined from these dimensions.  
+The approach taken in this article corresponds to essentially the same strategy 
+taken by Alexander, Schallert, and Reynolds (2009) in conceptualizing “learning” and by 
+Kaplan (2008) in the theorizing of self-regulation. In other words, instead of lamenting 
+the fuzziness of scientific concepts or research constructs, it is more productive to “seek 
+the core meaning … as well as where these constructs converge and diverge along select 
+dimensions” (Dinsmore, Alexander, & Loughlin, 2008, p. 329). 
+
+SiSAL Journal Vol. 3, No. 4, December 2012, 330-356 
+ 
+ 
+349
+ 
+The prototype perspective and the functional framework help clarify the learning 
+strategy concept not just in defining the conceptual core along possible dimensions of 
+variation, but also in potential guidance of future research. First of all, it serves as a 
+standard against which incongruent research results can be evaluated. We can, for 
+example, see whether these differences result from the data obtained, or from disparate 
+operationalizations of the same concept. Secondly, it provides a theoretical framework 
+that helps see the trees as well as the forest of learning strategy research. Thirdly, the 
+realization that strategies are not efficient in themselves and that efficiency and expertise 
+come only after strategies turn into automatic behavioral routines challenges us both in 
+our interpretation of research results and in our search for the best available ways to elicit 
+strategy expertise. Lastly, this article underscores the crucial importance of an 
+idiographic approach to learning strategies that we need at this juncture. In other words, 
+perhaps we have found enough overall patterns; perhaps it is time that we started looking 
+deeper into how the choice, use, and effectiveness of learning strategies differ in terms of 
+person, task, and learning context.  
+ 
+Notes on the contributor 
+ 
+Yongqi Gu is Senior Lecturer at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand. He is 
+also Adjunct Research Fellow at the National Research Centre for Foreign Language 
+Education attached to Beijing Foreign Studies University, China. Dr Gu’s main research 
+interests focus on language learning strategies, vocabulary acquisition, and language 
+assessment. 
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diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/298cbf5676803bd7.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/298cbf5676803bd7.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b4fda55ca544766e2e012a0a6a80dbcc3aeb55f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/corpus/humanities/text/298cbf5676803bd7.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Early Assessment of Anxiety and Behavioral Response to Novel Swine-Origin Influenza A(H1N1)
+
+BACKGROUND: Since late April, 2009, a novel influenza virus A (H1N1), generally referred to as the "swine flu," has spread around the globe and infected hundreds of thousands of people. During the first few days after the initial outbreak in Mexico, extensive media coverage together with a high degree of uncertainty about the transmissibility and mortality rate associated with the virus caused widespread concern in the population. The spread of an infectious disease can be strongly influenced by behavioral changes (e.g., social distancing) during the early phase of an epidemic, but data on risk perception and behavioral response to a novel virus is usually collected with a substantial delay or after an epidemic has run its course. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here, we report the results from an online survey that gathered data (n = 6,249) about risk perception of the Influenza A(H1N1) outbreak during the first few days of widespread media coverage (April 28-May 5, 2009). We find that after an initially high level of concern, levels of anxiety waned along with the perception of the virus as an immediate threat. Overall, our data provide evidence that emotional status mediates behavioral response. Intriguingly, principal component analysis revealed strong clustering of anxiety about swine flu, bird flu and terrorism. All three of these threats receive a great deal of media attention and their fundamental uncertainty is likely to generate an inordinate amount of fear vis-a-vis their actual threat. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our results suggest that respondents' behavior varies in predictable ways. Of particular interest, we find that affective variables, such as self-reported anxiety over the epidemic, mediate the likelihood that respondents will engage in protective behavior. Understanding how protective behavior such as social distancing varies and the specific factors that mediate it may help with the design of epidemic control strategies.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/2e2f06a0e48b1614.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/2e2f06a0e48b1614.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c4608dfc656c63d5aa49ae08af1108fb8ca77aa1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/corpus/humanities/text/2e2f06a0e48b1614.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+Corrigendum: Thermo-microstratigraphy of shells reveals invisible fire use and possible cooking in the archaeological record
+
+The original version of this article has been updated.In the published article, there was a mistake in the Funding statement. The funding statement for the Key Development Project of the Department of Science and Technology was displayed as "2015CBd051". The correct statement is "Key Development Project of Department of Science and Technology (2015C03Bd051).'' Template continues on the next page  Corrigendum on: Simões CD and Aldeias V (2022) Thermo-microstratigraphy of shells reveals invisible fire use and possible cooking in the archaeological record. Front. Earth Sci. 10:869487. doi: 10.3389/feart.2022.869487In the published article, there was an error in the Funding statement. In the original text, the code of the funding body that financed the publication fee was missing.
+
+Corrigendum:
+Thermo-microstratigraphy of
+shells reveals invisible fire use and
+possible cooking in the
+archaeological record
+Carlos D. Simões and Vera Aldeias*
+Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behaviour (ICArEHB), Universidade do
+Algarve, Faro, Portugal
+KEYWORDS
+prehistoric cooking, shell midden, mesolithic, microstratigraphy, mineralogy, aragonite,
+calcite, palaeotemperature
+A Corrigendum on
+Thermo-microstratigraphy of shells reveals invisible fire use and possible
+cooking in the archaeological record
+by Simões CD and Aldeias V (2022). Front. Earth Sci. 10:869487. doi: 10.3389/feart.2022.869487
+In the published article, there was an error in the Funding statement. In the original text,
+the code of the funding body that financed the publication fee was missing. The correct
+Funding statement appears below.
+Funding
+CS is currently funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation
+programme through a MSCA Widening Fellowship under Grant Agreement nr. SEArch -
+101003409, and during the early stages of this research by a doctoral fellowship BES-2012-
+053695 granted by the Spanish Government. VA is funded by the Portuguese Fundação para
+a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), grant numbers PTDC/HAR 20 ARQ/29606/2017 and IF/
+01157/2015/CP1308/CT0002. Research at Cabeço da Amoreira was funded by FCT projects
+PTDC/HAH/64185/2006) and PTDC/HIS-ARQ/112156/2009 awarded to Nuno Bicho
+(University of Algarve). Research at Poças de São Bento was funded by the Spanish
+Government grants HAR2011-29907-C03-00 and HAR2014-51830-P, both awarded to
+Pablo Arias (University of Cantabria) and by FCT through grant PTDC/HIS-ARQ/
+121592/2010 awarded to Mariana Diniz (Universidade de Lisboa). Open Access to this
+article is financed by FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, within the scope of the
+project ICArEHB UIDP/04211/2020 IHC PROGRAMATICO.
+The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific
+conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.
+OPEN ACCESS
+APPROVED BY
+Frontiers Editorial Office,
+Frontiers Media SA, Switzerland
+*CORRESPONDENCE
+Vera Aldeias,
+vlaldeias@ualg.pt
+SPECIALTY SECTION
+This article was submitted to
+Quaternary Science, Geomorphology
+and Paleoenvironment,
+a section of the journal
+Frontiers in Earth Science
+RECEIVED 14 February 2023
+ACCEPTED 21 February 2023
+PUBLISHED 09 March 2023
+CITATION
+Simões CD and Aldeias V (2023),
+Corrigendum: Thermo-
+microstratigraphy of shells reveals
+invisible fire use and possible cooking in
+the archaeological record.
+Front. Earth Sci. 11:1165975.
+doi: 10.3389/feart.2023.1165975
+COPYRIGHT
+© 2023 Simões and Aldeias. This is an
+open-access article distributed under the
+terms of the Creative Commons
+Attribution License (CC BY). The use,
+distribution or reproduction in other
+forums is permitted, provided the original
+author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are
+credited and that the original publication
+in this journal is cited, in accordance with
+accepted academic practice. No use,
+distribution or reproduction is permitted
+which does not comply with these terms.
+Frontiers in Earth Science
+frontiersin.org
+01
+TYPE Correction
+PUBLISHED 09 March 2023
+DOI 10.3389/feart.2023.1165975
+
+Publisher’s note
+All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the
+authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated
+organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the
+reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or
+claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or
+endorsed by the publisher.
+Frontiers in Earth Science
+frontiersin.org
+02
+Simões and Aldeias
+10.3389/feart.2023.1165975
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/2f013e22b6d113ef.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/2f013e22b6d113ef.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3db6b3b4ed508ca344b618dd47fab5223f58a973
--- /dev/null
+++ b/corpus/humanities/text/2f013e22b6d113ef.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+Erratum: ‘Flowing’ under the radar in a multifaceted liquid reality: The ekerk narrative
+
+HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies is an acclaimed journal with broad coverage that promotes multidisciplinary, religious, and biblical aspects of studies in the international theological arena. The journal’s publication criteria are based on high ethical standards and the rigor of the methodology and conclusions reported.
+
+http://www.hts.org.za
+Open Access
+HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies 
+ISSN: (Online) 2072-8050, (Print) 0259-9422
+Page 1 of 1
+Correction
+Read online:
+Scan this QR 
+code with your 
+smart phone or 
+mobile device 
+to read online.
+Author: 
+Stephan Joubert1  
+Affiliation: 
+1Contemporary Ecclesiology, 
+University of the Free State, 
+Bloemfontein, South Africa
+Corresponding author: 
+Stephan Joubert,
+stephan@ekerk.org
+Dates: 
+Published: 30 July 2021
+How to cite this correction: 
+Joubert, S., 2021, ‘Erratum: 
+“Flowing” under the radar 
+in a multifaceted liquid 
+reality: The ekerk narrative’, 
+HTS Teologiese Studies/
+Theological Studies 77(1), 
+a6382. https://doi.org/​
+10.4102/hts.v77i1.6382
+Copyright:
+© 2021. The Authors. 
+Licensee: AOSIS. This work 
+is licensed under the 
+Creative Commons 
+Attribution License.
+In the version of this article published earlier, Joubert, S., 2018, ‘“Flowing” under the radar in a 
+multifaceted liquid reality: The ekerk narrative’, HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies 74(3), 
+4966. https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v74i3.4966, the ORCID of the author was given incorrectly. 
+The correct ORCID should be https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0550-182X instead of https://orcid.
+org/0000-0003-2942-6606 in the ‘Author’ section. 
+This correction does not alter the study’s findings of significance or overall interpretation of the 
+study results. The publisher apologises for any inconvenience caused.
+Erratum: ‘Flowing’ under the radar in a multifaceted 
+liquid reality: The ekerk narrative
+Read online:
+Scan this QR 
+code with your 
+smart phone or 
+mobile device 
+to read online.
+Note: DOI of original article published: https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v74i3.4966
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/304ff4c935d654df.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/304ff4c935d654df.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..47f5c4e2f8f9f4bf243551575f55161c654b80c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/corpus/humanities/text/304ff4c935d654df.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2190 @@
+Perubahan Makna Teologis Sungai Kahayan Bagi Masyarakat Bukit Rawi
+
+Dayak Ngaju tribe is a biggest tribe in Center Borneo. This tribe community have big interest to live in along of river Borders. It’s because this community hang all side of their life to the river. Kahayan Rivers as the target of research is a one of biggest river in Center of Borneo Abstract which have significant meaning for Kahayan community in economic, social so on theological perspectives. In the past, rivers reputed as connector between human and god. Because of this, Kahayan River became a place to do all local religion ritual from the pregnant time to the dead time of this tribe community. But since the development age, the are a meaning shift of theological meaning of Kahayan River for local people of Kahayan. This research made by qualitative study case approach to find the background of Theological meaning shift of Kahayan River for the people of Kahayan in Bukit Rawi Pulang Pisau Residence.
+
+Copyright (c) 2022 Manna Rafflesia |139
+Manna Rafflesia, 8/2 (April 2022)
+P-ISSN: 2356-4547
+https://s.id/Man_Raf
+E-ISSN: 2721-0006
+Manna Rafflesia
+ISSN: 2356-4547 (Print), 2721-0006 (Online)
+Vol. 9, No. 1, Oktober 2022, (358-377), https://s.id/Man_Raf
+Published By: Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Arastamar Bengkulu
+Article History:
+Submitted
+: 12/07/2022
+Reviewed
+: 23/08/2022
+Accepted
+: 05/09/2022
+Published
+: 31/10/2022
+PERUBAHAN MAKNA TEOLOGIS SUNGAI KAHAYAN BAGI
+MASYARAKAT BUKIT RAWI
+Yane Octavia Rismawati Wainarisi1*), Stynie Nova Tumbol2
+Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Palangka Raya1,2
+*)Email Correspondence: yaneoctavia@gmail.com
+Abstract:
+Dayak Ngaju tribe is a biggest tribe in Center Borneo. This tribe community
+have big interest to live in along of river Borders. It’s because this community
+hang all side of their life to the river. Kahayan Rivers as the target of research is
+a one of biggest river in Center of Borneo Abstract which have significant
+meaning for Kahayan community in economic, social so on theological
+perspectives. In the past,
+rivers reputed as connector between human and
+god. Because of this, Kahayan
+River became a place to do all local religion
+ritual from the pregnant time to the
+dead time of this tribe community. But
+since the development age, the are a meaning
+shift of theological meaning of
+Kahayan River for local people of Kahayan.
+Kahayan River now is not the
+center of ritual activity for Ngaju People. This
+research made by qualitative
+study case approach to find the background of
+Theological meaning shift of
+Kahayan River for the people of Kahayan in Bukit
+Rawi Pulang Pisau
+Residence.
+Keywords: Theological Meaning Changing, Ngaju Daijak, Kahayan River, Bukit Rawi,
+Case Study.
+Abstraksi: Suku Dayak Ngaju merupakan suku terbesar di Kalimantan Tengah. Masyarakat
+pada suku ini memiliki ketertarikan untuk bermukim di sepanjang Daerah Aliran
+Sungai. Hal ini dikarenakan masyarakat menggantungkan seluruh peri kehidupan
+mereka pada sungai. Sungai Kahayan yang menjadi target dari penelitian ini
+merupakan sungai yang memiliki makna penting bagi masyarakat Kahayan baik
+secara ekonomis, sosial bahkan Teologis. Pada masa lalu, sungai dianggap
+sebagai penghubung antara manusia dengan Tuhan karena itu sungai Kahayan
+menjadi tempat dilakukannya semua ritual keagamaan lokal mulai dari masa
+kehamilan sampai meninggalnya anggota suku ini. Namun perkembangan zaman
+membuat makna teologis Sungai Kahayan mengalami perubahan. Perubahan ini
+tampak jelas
+dari tidak digunakannya lagi sungai Kahayan sebagai pusat
+kegiatan ritual masyarakat Dayak Ngaju. Perubahan ini yang menjadi focus dari
+penelitian ini. Sementara penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan
+kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus untuk menemukan latar belakang dari
+perubahan makna teologis sungai Kahayan ini bagi masyarakat Kahayan di Bukit
+Rawi kabupaten Pulang Pisau.
+Kata kunci: Perubahan Makna Teologis, Dayak Ngaju, Sungai Kahayan, Bukit Rawi, Studi
+Kasus.
+
+Manna Rafflesia, 9/1 (Oktober2022)
+https://s.id/Man Raf
+P-ISSN: 2356-4547
+E-ISSN: 2721-0006
+Copyright (c) 2022 Manna Rafflesia |140
+PENDAHULUAN
+Ada berbagai hal yang dapat
+dipakai 
+oleh 
+seseorang 
+untuk
+menjadi tanda pengenal berupa
+identitas 
+bagi 
+dirinya. 
+Nama
+merupakan hal paling mendasar
+yang digunakan sebagai identitas
+individu. Setelah itu, ada juga
+nama keluarga atau family name.
+Di beberapa suku, identitas ini
+dibagi lagi dalam struktur yang
+lebih 
+besar 
+seperti 
+marga,
+perkumpulan marga, suku, etnis,
+dan lain-lain.
+Pulau Kalimantan merupakan
+salah satu Pulau terbesar di
+Nusantara. Pulau ini dihuni oleh
+masyarakat 
+asli 
+yang 
+disebut
+dengan suku Dayak. Berdasarkan
+data statistik Provinsi Kalimantan
+Tengah Tahun 2016 jumlah suku
+Dayak 
+di 
+seluruh 
+wilayah
+Kalimantan sekitar 405 suku besar
+dan kecil
+1. Suku Dayak terbagi
+lagi menjadi menjadi sub-sub
+suku. Di Kalimantan Tengah, suku
+Dayak yang terbesar adalah suku
+Dayak Ngaju2.  Suku Dayak Ngaju
+terdiri dari 4 golongan dan terbagi
+ke dalam 53 suku kecil3. Riwut
+sebagaimana 
+dikutip 
+oleh
+Anggraini 
+menyatakan 
+bahwa
+Suku 
+Dayak 
+di 
+Kalimantan
+Tengah memiliki 54 sub suku yang
+tersebar di berbagai Aliran sungai
+yaitu sungai Kapuas, Kahayan,
+Katingan, Mentaya, Seruyan dan
+1 Dakir, “Pengelolaan Budaya
+Inklusif Berbasis Nilai Belom Bahadat
+Pada Huma Betang Dan Transformasi
+Sosial Masyarakat Dayak Kalimantan
+Tengah,” Religio: Jurnal Studi Agama-
+Agama 7, no. 1 (2017): 28–54.
+2 Lilis Suryani, “Nilai-Nilai Islami
+Filosofi Huma Betang Suku Dayak Di
+Desa Buntoi Kalimantan Tengah” (IAIN
+Palangka Raya, 2018).
+3 Dakir, “Pengelolaan Budaya
+Inklusif Berbasis Nilai Belom Bahadat
+Pada Huma Betang Dan Transformasi
+Sosial Masyarakat Dayak Kalimantan
+Tengah.”
+Barito4. 
+Nenek 
+Moyang 
+suku
+Dayak Ngaju dikabarkan berasal
+dari sepanjang aliran hulu sungai
+Kahayan5. 
+Orang-orang 
+Dayak
+Ngaju lebih dapat dikenali melalui
+nama-nama sungai  tempat mereka
+tinggal ketimbang menggunakan
+identitas 
+suku 
+Dayak 
+Ngaju.
+Semua segi kehidupan masyarakat
+juga berpusat pada sungai6. Di
+sungai ini juga dilakukan berbagai
+kegiatan 
+spiritual 
+dan 
+ritual
+masyarakat yang mempengaruhi
+semua 
+kehidupan 
+berteologi
+masyarakat Dayak Ngaju7. Hal ini
+digambarkan dengan jelas pada
+beberapa buku tua dan jurnal yang
+telah 
+melakukan 
+penyelidikan
+terlebih dahulu tentang tradisi
+ritual masyarakat Dayak Ngaju.
+Artikel berjudul Makna Upacara
+Nyaki Tikhi Adat Dayak Ngaju Di
+Desa Samba Danum Katingan,
+Kalimantan Tengah yang ditulis
+oleh 
+Wilson
+menggambarkan
+bahwa upara ini dilakukan
+di
+sungai.  Fransusi dalam artikelnya
+berjudul Kajian Jenis, Fungsi dan
+Makna Mantra Dayak Ngaju (The
+Study of Types, Functions, and
+Meanings 
+of
+Dayak 
+Ngaju
+Mantras) menyatakan bahwa ritual
+pelepasan mantra dan sesajen
+4 Gita Anggraini, “Internalisasi
+Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan Karakter Pada
+Masyarakat Adat Dayak Ngaju,” At-Turats
+10, 
+no. 
+2 
+(2016): 
+91,
+https://doi.org/10.24260/at-
+turats.v10i2.667.
+5 Djenen Bale, Analisis Pola
+Pemukiman Di Lingkungan Perairan Di
+Indonesia
+(Jakarta: 
+Departemen
+Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, 1995).
+6 Kumpiadi Widen, Organisasi
+Sosial Lokal Sukubangsa Dayak Ngaju Di
+Kalimantan Tengah (Jakarta: Dirjen Nilai
+Budaya, Seni dan Film Departemen
+Kebudayan dan Pariwisata, 2009).
+7 Bale, Analisis Pola Pemukiman
+Di Lingkungan Perairan Di Indonesia.
+
+Manna Rafflesia, 9/1 (Oktober2022)
+https://s.id/Man Raf
+P-ISSN: 2356-4547
+E-ISSN: 2721-0006
+Copyright (c) 2022 Manna Rafflesia |141
+dilakukan di sungai
+8. Ada dua
+buku yang menjadi sumber data
+utama tentang konsep Teologis
+masyarakat Dayak Ngaju yang
+kesemuanya mengarah ke Sungai
+Kahayan 
+yaitu 
+buku
+Ngaju
+religion: The Conception of God
+Among A South Borneo People
+karangan Hans Scharer9 dan buku
+karangan 
+Anne 
+Schiller 
+yang
+berjudul
+Small 
+Sacrifices:
+Religious Change and Cultural
+Identity Among The Ngaju of
+Indonesia
+10. Dan sebuah buku
+lama hasil penelitian Dyson dan
+kawan-kawan yang berjudul Tiwah
+Upacara 
+Kematian 
+pada
+Masyarakat 
+Dayak 
+Ngaju 
+Di
+Kalimantan Tengah11.
+Jika dahulu masyarakat lokal
+Kahayan 
+menjadikan 
+sungai
+Kahayan sebagai pusat kegiatan
+ritual mereka, saat ini berbagai
+upacara keagamaan tersebut sudah
+tidak lagi dilakukan di sungai. Ada
+peralihan makna yang drastis di
+antara orang Kahayan terhadap
+sungai 
+yang 
+adalah 
+pusat
+kehidupan mereka.
+Berdasarkan
+fenomena 
+ini, 
+penulis 
+ingin
+mengangkat tentang 
+perubahan
+makna Teologis Sungai Kahayan
+bagi 
+masyarakat
+Bukit 
+Rawi
+8 Fransusi, “Kajian Jenis, Fungsi
+Dan Makna Mantra Dayak Ngaju (The
+Study of Types, Functions, and Meanings
+of Dayak Ngaju Mantras),” Jurnal Bahasa,
+Sastra Dan Pembelajarannya 8, no. 2
+(2018): 34–44.
+9 Hans Scharer, Ngaju Religion:
+The Conception of God Among A South
+Borneo People (Netherlands: Springer,
+1963).
+10
+Anne 
+Schiller,
+Small
+Sacrifices: Religious Change and Cultural
+Identity Among The Ngaju of Indonesia
+(New York: Oxford University Press,
+1997).
+11 Dyson L. and M. Asharani,
+Tiwah 
+Upacara 
+Kematian 
+Pada
+Masyarakat Dayak Ngaju Di Kalimantan
+Tengah
+(Jakarta: Dirjen Kebudayaan
+Depdikbud, 1981).
+Kecamatan Kahayan Tengah untuk
+menemukan alasan dari perubahan
+makna Teologis Sungai Kahayan
+tersebut.
+METODE
+Pada penulisan artikel ini
+penulis 
+menggunakan 
+metode
+kualitatif studi kasus. Menurut
+Kurniawan, penelitian kualitatif
+merupakan penelitian yang tidak
+terstruktur dan hasilnya tidak
+untuk 
+digeneralisasikan12.
+Penelitian 
+kualitatif 
+sendiri
+bertujuan 
+memperoleh
+pemahaman awal tentang suatu
+fenomena sosial 
+yang sedang
+diteliti13. Dalam penelitian ini,
+manusia menjadi instrument utama
+dalam penelitian karena manusia
+menjadi subyek yaitu peneliti yang
+sekaligus 
+berhadapan 
+dengan
+sesamanya 
+manusia 
+sebagai
+narasumber 
+bagi 
+penelitian
+tersebut 
+yang 
+paham 
+atau
+bersentuhan 
+langsung 
+terhadap
+gejala atau fenomena yang sedang
+diselidiki14.
+Penelitian 
+ini
+menggunakan pendekatan studi
+kasus. Menurut Yusuf, penelitian
+studi 
+kasus 
+merupakan 
+suatu
+proses pengumpulan data dan
+informasi 
+secara 
+mendalam,
+mendetail, intensif, holistik, dan
+sistematis tentang orang, kejadian,
+social setting (latar sosial), atau
+kelompok dengan menggunakan
+berbagai 
+metode 
+dan 
+banyak
+sumber 
+informasi 
+demi
+memperoleh 
+pemahaman 
+yang
+jelas terhadap suatu kasus yang
+12 Agung Widhi Kurniawan and
+Zarah Puspitaningtyas, Metode Penelitian
+Kuantitatif (Yogyakarta: Pandiva Buku,
+2016).
+13
+Kurniawan 
+and
+Puspitaningtyas.
+14 Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian
+Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, Dan R & D
+(Bandung: Alfabeta, 2013).
+
+Manna Rafflesia, 9/1 (Oktober2022)
+https://s.id/Man Raf
+P-ISSN: 2356-4547
+E-ISSN: 2721-0006
+Copyright (c) 2022 Manna Rafflesia |142
+diteliti15. Pendekatan studi kasus
+dilakukan melalui
+pemeriksaan
+longitudinal mendalam terhadap
+suatu 
+keadaan 
+atau 
+kejadian
+dengan menggunakan cara-cara
+yang 
+sistematis 
+melalui
+pengamatan, pengumpulan data,
+analisis informasi, dan pelaporan
+hasilnya16. 
+Menurut 
+Suyitno
+Subjek penelitian dapat berupa
+individu,
+masyarakat, 
+ataupun
+institusi. 
+Sesungguhnya 
+subjek
+penelitiannya relatif kecil. Namun
+demikian, fokus dan variabel yang
+diteliti cukup luas17. Dalam hal ini
+pendekatan 
+studi 
+kasus 
+yang
+digunakan 
+adalah 
+pendekatan
+instrumental 
+dengan 
+tujuan
+memahami atau menekankan pada
+pemahaman tentang suatu isu dan
+merumuskan kembali isu tersebut
+dalam suatu penjelasan secara
+teoritis18. Dalam hal ini penulis
+melihat perubahan makna Teologis
+Sungai Kahayan pada masyarakat
+Dayak Ngaju di Bukit Rawi
+merupakan suatu kasus yang unik
+mengingat hampir semua ritual
+yang dilakukan di sungai sudah
+tidak 
+lagi 
+dilakukan 
+oleh
+masyarakat Bukit Rawi.
+Ada
+beberapa tahap yang dilakukan
+dalam penelitian studi kasus ini
+antara lain menentukan masalah
+dan 
+merumuskan 
+tujuan,
+merumuskan kasus yang akan
+15 Muri Yusuf, Metode Penelitian:
+Kuantitatif, 
+Kualitatif 
+Dan 
+Penelitian
+Gabungan
+(Rawamangun: 
+Kencana,
+2017).
+16 Samsu, Metode Penelitian:
+Teori Dan Aplikasi Penelitian Kualitatif,
+Kuantitatif, 
+Mixed 
+Methods, 
+Serta
+Research 
+& 
+Development
+(Jambi:
+Pusaka, 2017).
+17 Suyitno, Metode Penelitian
+Kualitatif: 
+Konsep, 
+Prinsip, 
+Dan
+Operasionalnya,
+Akademia 
+Pustaka,
+2018.
+18
+Nursapiah,
+Penelitian
+Kualitatif, ed. Hasan Sazali (Medan: Wal
+Ashri Publishing, 2020).
+dipelajari, menetapkan peran teori
+dalam 
+pemilihan 
+kasus,
+menentukan kerangka penelitian
+kasus 
+secara 
+konseptual 
+dan
+teoretis, menetapkan secara jelas
+bentuk/tipe penelitian kasus yang
+akan dilakukan, menetapkan cara
+pendekatan yang akan digunakan,
+mempersiapkan 
+pengumpulan
+data, 
+menganalisis,
+mengorganisasikan 
+dan
+mengevaluasi bahan yang sudah
+didapat, dan menyusun laporan
+dari penelitian tersebut19. Masalah
+yang ingin diteliti di sini adalah
+tentang Perubahan makna sungai
+Kahayan, tujuannya adalah untuk
+menemukan penyebab Perubahan
+tersebut, 
+lalu 
+penulis 
+akan
+melakukan penelitian mendalam
+tentang 
+kasus 
+ini 
+dengan
+menggunakan 
+data-data 
+baik
+tertulis 
+maupun 
+wawancara
+tentang kasus yang terjadi.
+Gambar 1: Wawancara dengan staff
+Camat Kahayan Tengah
+Penelitian ini menjadi studi
+kasus karena menurut tim terdapat
+bentangan makna yang sangat jauh
+antara masa lalu dan masa kini
+tentang 
+sungai 
+Kahayan 
+bagi
+masyarakat secara Teologis dari
+sisi Teologis masyarakat Kahayan
+sendiri yang layak untuk diteliti.
+19 Muri Yusuf, Metode Penelitian:
+Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, Dan Penelitian
+Gabungan
+(Rawamangun: 
+Kencana,
+2014).
+
+Manna Rafflesia, 9/1 (Oktober2022)
+https://s.id/Man Raf
+P-ISSN: 2356-4547
+E-ISSN: 2721-0006
+Copyright (c) 2022 Manna Rafflesia |143
+Gambar 2: Wawancara dengan Sdr.
+Jeffry, masyarakat lokal
+Secara 
+ringkas, 
+ada
+beberapa tahap yang dilakukan
+dalam penelitian kualitatif melalui
+metode studi kasus ini antara lain
+menghimpun 
+data, 
+mengambil
+makna, 
+dan 
+memperoleh
+pemahaman dari kasus tersebut20.
+Pada bagian awal, penulis akan
+menghimpun 
+data-data 
+yang
+dibutuhkan 
+tentang 
+kehidupan
+teologis masyarakat di masa lalu
+dan membuat perbandingannya
+dengan 
+masa 
+kini. 
+Kegiatan
+menghimpun 
+data 
+ini 
+dapat
+dilakukan 
+dengan 
+meneliti
+pustaka-pustaka 
+tertentu 
+yang
+berkaitan dengan kehidupan ritual
+masyarakat Dayak Ngaju di sungai
+Kahayan, kemudian melakukan
+wawancara terhadap para tokoh
+masyarakat dan generasi muda
+masa kini di Bukit Rawi. Setelah
+data dihimpun maka penulis akan
+mencoba 
+menemukan 
+makna
+Teologis Sungai Kahayan bagi
+masyarakat Dayak Ngaju di masa
+lalu dan dimasa kini. Lalu tim
+penulis 
+akan 
+melakukan
+wawancara mendalam dan terbuka
+untuk menemukan alasan atau
+penyebab terjadinya
+Perubahan
+makna teologis sungai Kahayan
+tersebut. Hal ini dilakukan karena
+umumnya ada sedikit perbedaan
+alasan pada tiap daerah di Daerah
+Aliran Sungai
+(DAS) Kahayan
+tentang alasan mereka tidak lagi
+20
+Ismail 
+Suardi 
+Wekke,
+Metodologi Penelitian Sosial (Yogyakarta:
+Gawe Buku, 2019).
+melakukan 
+ritual 
+di 
+Sungai
+Kahayan.
+Setelah 
+informasi
+dianggap 
+cukup, 
+tim 
+akan
+membuat sebuah laporan hasil
+penelitian tentang kasus ini.
+HASIL
+Tulisan dalam penelitian ini
+dimulai dari ide bahwa telah
+terjadi Perubahan makna Teologi
+sungai bagi orang-orang Dayak
+Ngaju di sepanjang tepian sungai
+Kahayan di Bukit Rawi.  Hipotesis
+tersebut akan dijelaskan dengan
+dan melalui tinjauan terhadap studi
+pustaka dan wawancara yang akan
+tergambar dalam pembahasan.
+PEMBAHASAN
+Pembahasan
+artikel penulis
+bagi dalam beberapa sub judul
+berikut:
+Suku Dayak Ngaju Di Bukit
+Rawi
+Suku Dayak Ngaju merupakan
+suku 
+terbesar 
+yang 
+ada 
+di
+Kalimantan Tengah. Sebenarnya
+suku ini Sebagian juga ada di
+wilayah Kalimantan Selatan. Suku
+ini awalnya disebut dengan Biaju
+sebagai sebutan untuk menyebut
+nama 
+sekelompok 
+masyarakat,
+sungai, wilayah dan pola hidup21.
+Terminologi Biaju menurut Dewi
+sebenarnya tidaklah berasal dari
+orang Dayak Ngaju tetapi dari
+bahasa orang Bakumpai yang
+secara 
+ontologis
+merupakan
+bentuk kolonial dari bi dan aju
+yang artinya ”dari hulu” atau ”dari
+udik”22. Mekipun tidak disebutkan
+jelas oleh Widen, namun sudah
+menjadi pengetahuan umum di
+kalangan masyarakat Kalimantan
+21 Mustika Diani Dewi, “Agama
+Dan Kebudayaan Kaharingan Di
+Kalimantan Tengah Menurut Para Penulis
+Indonesia (1990-2013)” (UIN Syarif
+Hidyatullah Jakarta, 2018).
+22 Dewi.
+
+Manna Rafflesia, 9/1 (Oktober2022)
+https://s.id/Man Raf
+P-ISSN: 2356-4547
+E-ISSN: 2721-0006
+Copyright (c) 2022 Manna Rafflesia |144
+Tengah bahwa orang-orang Dayak
+Bakumpai sendiri adalah orang-
+orang yang awalnya berasal dari
+suku 
+Dayak 
+Ngaju 
+namun
+mengambil 
+keputusan 
+untuk
+menjadi Islam dan mengklaim
+dirinya bukan bagian dari suku
+Dayak Ngaju melainkan orang-
+orang Bakumpai bahkan ada yang
+menyebut dirinya sebagai orang
+Melayu23. Hal ini menyebabkan
+orang-orang suku Dayak Ngaju
+enggan untuk disebut sebagai suku
+Dayak Ngaju24.
+Suku Dayak Ngaju hidup di
+sepanjang 
+sungai 
+Kayahan,
+Kapuas25
+Katingan, 
+Mentaya,
+Seruyan 
+dan 
+Barito26.
+Sungai
+Kahayan 
+yang 
+menjadi 
+basis
+penelitian, 
+merupakan 
+sungai
+kedua terpanjang di Kalimantan
+Tengah. 
+Kalimantan 
+Tengah
+sendiri memiliki banyak anak
+sungai yang hampir semuanya
+mengalir ke sungai Kahayan ini27.
+Bagi masyarakat Dayak Ngaju
+sungai ini disebut sebagai Batang
+Biaju Besar
+atau
+dikenal juga
+23 Widen, Organisasi Sosial
+Lokal Sukubangsa Dayak Ngaju Di
+Kalimantan Tengah.
+24 Widen.
+25 Iwan Aflanie et al., “Genetic
+Variation 
+Analysis 
+and 
+Kinship
+Relationship between Dayak Ngaju Tribe
+and 
+Dayak 
+Bukit 
+Tribe 
+through
+Examination of Core DNA of Bukit CODIS
+STR Locus (Combine Dna Index System)
+13 
+for 
+the 
+Purpose 
+of 
+Forensic
+Identification,” Indian Journal of Forensic
+Medicine and Toxicology 14, no. 3 (2020):
+1065–68,
+https://doi.org/10.37506/ijfmt.v14i3.10519.
+26
+Ave Harysakti and Lalu
+Mulyadi, “Penelusuran Genius Loci Pada
+Permukiman Suku Dayak Ngaju Di
+Kalimantan Tengah,” 1997.
+27 R Rijanta, Bakti Setiawan, and
+Muh Aris Marfai, “Model Permukiman
+Kawasan 
+Tepian 
+Sungai 
+Kasus :
+Permukiman Tepian Sungai Kahayan
+Kota Palangkaraya,” Jurnal Permukiman
+9, no. 1 (2014): 17–27.
+sebagai Sungai Dayak Besar atau
+Groote Daijak-river atau Great
+Dajak atau Great Dyacs28.
+Gambar 3: Tabel Nama – nama Sungai Di
+Kalimantan Tengah
+Suku 
+Dayak 
+Ngaju
+merupakan 
+sebuah 
+komunitas
+sungai. Suku ini memilih untuk
+hidup di sepanjang Daerah Aliran
+Sungai atau DAS
+karena bagi
+mereka sungai berkaitan dengan
+seluruh peri kehidupan mereka.
+Para 
+penganut 
+Kaharingan
+memilih untuk tinggal di hulu
+karena 
+berkaitan 
+erat 
+dengan
+falsafah hidup dan kepercayaan
+mereka bahwa semakin ke hulu
+mereka akan semakin diberkati
+dan dengan dengan Tuhan29.
+Schiller dalam penelitiannya
+terhadap pola keagamaan dan
+ritual masyarakat Dayak Ngaju
+menemukan bahwa orang-orang
+28 Rijanta, Setiawan, and Marfai.
+29 Hopolitus K. dkk Kewuel,
+Pluralisme Multikulturalisme Dan Batas-
+Batas Toleransi (Malang: FIB Unibraw,
+2017), 
+http://antropologi.fib.ub.ac.id/wp-
+content/uploads/2019/01/Seri-Studi-
+Kebudayaan-1_ Pluralisme-
+Multikulturalisme-dan-Batas-batas-
+Toleransi -2017-Copy.pdf.
+
+Manna Rafflesia, 9/1 (Oktober2022)
+https://s.id/Man Raf
+P-ISSN: 2356-4547
+E-ISSN: 2721-0006
+Copyright (c) 2022 Manna Rafflesia |145
+suku Dayak Ngaju lebih senang
+jika 
+diidentifikasikan 
+menurut
+nama sungai di mana mereka
+tinggal ketimbang sebuatan Dayak
+Ngaju30. Karena itu, orang-orang
+yang tinggal di sepanjang DAS
+(Daerah Aliran Sungai) Kayahan
+lebih nyaman jika di sebut sebagai
+Dayak Kahayan. Hal ini juga yang
+terjadi pada orang-orang Dayak
+Ngaju di Bukit Rawi.
+Bukit Rawi yang menjadi
+lokasi yang penulis pilih karena
+desa Bukit Rawi adalah salah satu
+desa yang lokasinya dekat dengan
+sungai Kahayan dan masuk dalam
+kategori Dayak Ngaju. Desa ini
+menjadi bagian dari kabupaten
+Pulang Pisau, kabupaten ini adalah
+salah satu kabupaten yang paling
+dekat dengan kota Palangka Raya,
+selain 
+kabupaten 
+Katingan.
+Dengan demikian Kabupaten ini
+juga sebagai jalur utama atau
+penghubung 
+bagi 
+kabupaten-
+kabupaten besar lainnya. Antara
+lain 
+kabupaten 
+Kapuas 
+dan
+kabupaten Gunung Mas, yang
+mana desa dari setiap kabupaten
+tersebut disebut dengan orang-
+orang 
+Dayak 
+Ngaju. 
+Sudah
+menjadi kebiasaan orang-orang
+Kalimantan 
+Tengah 
+yang
+menganggap bahwa orang-orang
+yang hidup di bantaran atau tepi
+sungai Kahayan adalah orang
+Dayak Ngaju asli.  Dari hasil
+observasi masyarakat yang ada di
+desa Bukit Rawi, masyarakat tidak
+terlalu 
+banyak 
+melakukan
+mobilitas. 
+Desa 
+ini 
+memiliki
+perangkat desa yang baik, ada
+puskesmas, 
+gereja 
+lumayan
+banyak di satu desa yang tidak
+terlalu 
+besar; 
+ada
+Gereka
+Kalimatan 
+Evangelikal
+(GKE)
+sebagai gereja yang paling banyak
+di Kalimantan Tengah, ada Gereja
+30
+Schiller,
+Small Sacrifices:
+Religious Change and Cultural Identity
+Among The Ngaju of Indonesia.
+Pantekosta di Indonesia (GPDI),
+dan 
+Gereja 
+Bethel 
+Indonesia
+(GBI), serta ada tempat ibadah
+agama
+Helu/Kaharingan 
+yang
+disebut Balai. Desa ini berada di
+antara sungai Kahayan dan jalan
+raya.
+Orang-orang Dayak Ngaju
+yang hidup di sepanjang DAS ini
+menggantungkan 
+hidup
+sepenuhnya pada sungai baik
+secara 
+ekonomis, 
+sosial 
+dan
+Teologis. Di Bukit Rawi sendiri,
+Sebagian besar masyarakat masih
+menggantungkan 
+kehidupan
+ekonomi mereka pada sungai
+Kahayan seperti mencari ikan,
+menyedot 
+emas 
+di 
+sungai,
+transportasi bagi hasil pertanian,
+makanan babi, dan lain-lain. Di
+masa 
+lalu 
+sungai 
+digunakan
+sebagai 
+tempat 
+untuk 
+mandi,
+sumber minuman dan makanan.
+Pada 
+hari-hari 
+besar 
+tertentu,
+masyarakat 
+akan 
+berbondong-
+bondong 
+ke 
+sungai 
+untuk
+mengikuti 
+berbagai 
+festival.
+Namun 
+demikian, 
+penggunaan
+sungai Kahayan tidak lagi seperti
+dulu karena makna sosial dan
+teologis sungai ini sudah tidak
+begitu kuat lagi.
+Gambar 4: Gambar seorang Nenek yang
+baru Kembali dari bekerja Melalui Sungai
+Kahayan Di Bukit Rawi
+Makna Teologis Sungai
+Kahayan Bagi Masyarakat
+Dayak Ngaju
+Sungai
+merupakan elemen
+yang 
+sangat 
+penting 
+bagi
+masyarakat Dayak Ngaju. Orang-
+orang 
+Dayak 
+Ngaju 
+sendiri
+memakai sungai sebagai identitas
+
+Manna Rafflesia, 9/1 (Oktober2022)
+https://s.id/Man Raf
+P-ISSN: 2356-4547
+E-ISSN: 2721-0006
+Copyright (c) 2022 Manna Rafflesia |146
+kesukuan mereka ketimbang nama
+suku 
+Dayak 
+Ngaju 
+sendiri31.
+Biasanya penamaan sub suku yang
+paling kecil disesuaikan dengan
+nama anak sungai atau cabang
+sungai di mana mereka tinggal32.
+Bagi 
+masyarat 
+Dayak 
+Ngaju,
+sungai memiliki makna sosial,
+ekonomi dan teologis33. Sungai
+mempunyai fungsi Teologis yaitu
+memiliki fungsi simbolis pada
+acara ritual, seperti pada upacara
+pernikahan atau penyucian diri34.
+Pendapat ini digambarkan oleh
+Bale dalam bukunya yang berjudul
+Analisis 
+Pola 
+Pemukiman 
+Di
+Lingkungan Perairan Di Indonesia
+bahwa perairan sungai dan laut
+telah 
+berperan 
+penting 
+dalam
+kehidupan materiil dan spiritual
+sebagian 
+penduduk
+Indonesia
+sejak Zaman Prasejarah sampai
+sekarang bahkan muncul dalam
+mitologi-mitologi.
+Salah 
+satu
+mitologi tersebut adalah tentang
+asal-usul Orang Dayak Ngaju 35.
+Pada 
+masa 
+lalu, 
+sungai
+dijadikan 
+tempat 
+masyarakat
+melakukan berbagai ritual mulai
+dari masa kehamilan, persalinan
+sampai 
+pada 
+masa 
+kematian
+seseorang karena sungai dianggap
+sebagai 
+penghubung 
+antara
+manusia dengan Dewata. Seperti
+31 Dyson L. and M. Asharani,
+Tiwah 
+Upacara 
+Kematian 
+Pada
+Masyarakat Dayak Ngaju Di Kalimantan
+Tengah.
+32 Rizka Bella et al., “Sistem
+Masyarakat Dan Organisasi Suku Dayak
+Ngaju (Studi Kasus Di Desa Mandomai
+Kalimantan 
+Tengah),”
+Jurnal
+Kewarganegaraan 5, no. 2 (2021): 364–
+75, https://doi.org/10.31316/jk.v5i2.1676.
+33 Maria Ariana Luardini, “Makna
+Dan Nilai Yang Tekandung Dalam Teks
+Legenda Dayak Ngaju,” Linguistika 15,
+no. 28 (2008).
+34 Luardini.
+35
+Bale,
+Analisis 
+Pola
+Pemukiman Di Lingkungan Perairan Di
+Indonesia.
+yang dikisahkan oleh Tjilik Riwut
+dalam kutipan Bale misalnya,
+Dalam masyarakat Dayat Ngaju,
+sebelum
+bayi yang baru lahir
+disentuhkan 
+ke 
+tanah 
+untuk
+pertama kali, bayi dibawa ke tepi
+sungai untuk ditetesi darah babi
+dan air sungai pada dahinya.
+Upacara ini memperlambangkan
+sungai sebagai sarana yang dapat
+menghanyutkan roh jahat yang
+dapat mengganggu sang bayi36.
+Selain itu, Bale juga menjelaskan
+tentang makna Teologis sungai
+dalam bukunya bahwa
+Sungai
+memiliki 
+peran
+sebagai media penyembuhan
+penyakit seseorang. Sesajen
+yang terdiri atas patung dari
+tepung beras serta potongan
+kuku, rambut, dan pakaian si
+sakit dihanyutkan di sungai.
+Tindakan ini dianggap dapat
+mengusir dan menjauhkan roh
+jahat 
+penyebab 
+penyakit.
+Sungai 
+juga 
+diberi 
+peran
+sebagai 
+pengantar
+persembahan 
+ke
+hadapan
+dewa. 
+Persembahan 
+yang
+terdiri atas berbagai barang
+dan makanan ditaruh dalam
+"lanting" mini (rumah-rumah
+apung 
+yang
+kecil) 
+unguk
+dihanyutkan di sungai sebagai
+tanda 
+bersyukur 
+atas
+keberhasilan sesuatu usaha37.
+Pada saat kematian, ada satu
+ritual puncak yang dilakukan oleh
+orang-orang 
+Dayak 
+Ngaju 
+di
+sungai yaitu ritual Tiwah38. Semua
+ritual di sungai ini berpangkal
+pada 
+kepercayaan 
+Kaharingan,
+agama asli masyarakat Dayak
+Ngaju.
+Bagi 
+masyarakat 
+Dayak
+Ngaju,
+kekuatan magis terbaik
+36 Bale.
+37 Bale.
+38 Scharer, Ngaju Religion: The
+Conception of God Among A South
+Borneo People.
+
+Manna Rafflesia, 9/1 (Oktober2022)
+https://s.id/Man Raf
+P-ISSN: 2356-4547
+E-ISSN: 2721-0006
+Copyright (c) 2022 Manna Rafflesia |147
+bagi kehidupan serta menghadap
+ke sungai karena sungai dianggap
+sebagai jalan sumber kehidupan39.
+Ditambahkan menurut Harisakty,
+berdasarkan arah aliran sungai,
+konsep tempat dalam kepercayaan
+masyarakat 
+Dayak 
+Ngaju,
+memandang bagian hulu dianggap
+memiliki tingkat kesakralan lebih
+tinggi jika dibandingkan bagian
+sebelah 
+hilir. 
+Karena 
+itu
+masyarakat 
+akan 
+membangun
+rumah mereka di sepanjang aliran
+sungai terutama di bagian hulu
+untuk meningkatkan kesakralan
+rumah mereka40. Namun pada
+masa kini, ritual-ritual tersebut
+sudah ditinggalkan.
+Dalam wawancara
+dengan
+penduduk lokal di Bukit Rawi
+ditemukan bahwa pada masa lalu,
+ada berbagai kegiatan ritual yang
+dilakukan, antara lain:
+Pertama,
+ritual
+memberi
+sesajen kepada para penunggu
+sungai. 
+Di 
+Bukit 
+Rawi, 
+ada
+beberapa kelompok masyarakat
+yang
+percaya 
+bahwa 
+sungai
+Kahayan ditunggu oleh penjaga
+sungan atau hantu laut. Jika ada
+dari
+anggota masyarakat yang
+yang mengetahui nama dari Hantu
+Laut tersebut, maka orang tersebut
+memiliki tugas untuk memberi
+makan hantu laut tersebut pada
+waktu-waktu 
+yang 
+ditentukan.
+Orang tersebut adalah orang plihan
+yang akan mengetahui nama dari
+hantu laut itu melalui mimpi dan
+dimandatkan untuk
+memberikan
+“makan” atau melakukan ritual
+berupa 
+pemberian 
+sesajen 
+di
+sungai tersebut41.
+39
+Harysakti 
+and 
+Mulyadi,
+“Penelusuran 
+Genius 
+Loci 
+Pada
+Permukiman Suku Dayak Ngaju Di
+Kalimantan Tengah.”
+40 Harysakti and Mulyadi.
+41 Wawancara dengan Jeffry dan
+Ocha pada 12 Juni 2021 pukul 10.30
+pagi.
+Gambar 5: Wawancara dengan Ocha
+Kedua,
+ritual 
+membuat
+lanting atau bamban yaitu rumah
+kecil yang dihanyutkan untuk
+memberi 
+makan 
+dewa 
+atau
+penunggu 
+sungai.
+Penunggu
+sungai ini sendiri dianggap sebagai
+dewa 
+tingkat 
+rendah 
+yang
+memiliki 
+kemampuan 
+sebagai
+penghubung 
+dengan
+Ranying
+Mahatalla 
+Langit
+atau 
+Dewa
+tingkat 
+tinggi.
+Dalam 
+lanting
+tersebut berisi kue cucur, anak
+ayam Putih, apam, dan lain-lain
+Kue cucur ini bagi masyarakat
+Ngaju adalah makanan dewa yang
+disukai oleh Dewa, selain karena
+pada masa lalu memang hanya kue
+ini 
+yang 
+bisa 
+dibuat 
+oleh
+masyarakat.42
+Ketiga, ritual pemandian bayi.
+Pada masa lalu, jika ada anak yang
+lahir, maka anak tersebut akan
+dibawa 
+ke 
+sungai 
+untuk
+dimandikan atau disebut nahunan
+sebagai bentuk “balas bidan”.
+Dalam kegiatan ini dilakukan
+ritual-ritual tertentu yang dipimpin
+oleh para pemuka adat setempat.
+Hal ini penting untuk memastikan
+kehidupan anak tersebut dimasa
+depan diberkati atau jauh dari
+kesialan.
+Keempat, ritual penyucian diri
+atau
+kangkahemi.
+Ritual 
+ini
+dilakukan dengan mandi di sungai
+dengan 
+diiringi 
+upacara
+keagamaan tertentu, entah itu
+42 Wawancara dengan Jeffry dan
+Ocha pada 12 Juni 2021 pukul 10.30
+pagi.
+
+Manna Rafflesia, 9/1 (Oktober2022)
+https://s.id/Man Raf
+P-ISSN: 2356-4547
+E-ISSN: 2721-0006
+Copyright (c) 2022 Manna Rafflesia |148
+dalam bentuk doa atau jampi dan
+mandi dengan tambahan media
+tertentu.43
+Gambar 6: Wawancara dengan ibu Hariati
+dan Kawan-kawan
+Kepala Desa
+Bukit Rawi
+bahkan menambahkan bahwa pada
+masa lalu, saat Kekristenan belum
+masuk ke Bukit Rawi, semua
+kegiatan Ritual justru dilakukan
+oleh masyarakat di sungai.44 Ritual
+di sungai sendiri bagi masyarakat
+Bukit Rawi, sebenarnya bukanlah
+hal baru bagi masyarakat Ngaju di
+sepanjang 
+sungai 
+Kahayan.
+Bahkan
+memang,
+masyarakat
+Kahayan di masa lalu justru lebih
+mengenal 
+sungai 
+ini 
+sebagai
+tempat 
+ritual 
+masyarakat
+ketimbang kegiatan-kegiatan lain.
+Ritual-ritual ini dilakukan tanpa
+oleh orang-orang tertentu tanpa
+mempedulikan 
+jenis 
+kelamin
+pemimpin ritual tersebut. Bahkan
+menurut Schiller, pada masa lalu
+ritual pertama justru dilakukan
+oleh 177 orang perempuan yang
+dilatih 
+secara 
+khusus 
+untuk
+43
+Wawancara 
+dengan 
+ibu
+Hariati, 12 Juni 2021, jam 11. 00 WIB
+44 Wawancara pada 18 Juni jam 11.00
+WIB.
+menjadi bawi ayah. Mereka akan
+melaksanakan 
+berbagai 
+ritual
+keagamaan lokal di sepanjang desa
+di tepian sungai Kahayan. Saat ini
+jumlah dari kaum perempuan yang
+memimpin ritual di dalam agama
+Kaharingan mulai sedikit dan jika
+ada pun mereka di sebut sebagai
+perempuan basir45.
+Pada tahun 1863 ketika
+penelitian dilakukan oleh seorang
+Antropolog 
+Bernama 
+Michael
+Perelaer, masyarakat melakukan
+berbagai macam termasuk Tiwah
+atau ritual pemakaman masyarakat
+Ngaju di sungai Kahayan. Selain
+itu, sampai tahun 1950-an, ada
+berbagai upacara keagamaan yang
+dilakukan di sungai Kahayan.
+Tidak 
+hanya 
+ritual, 
+sungai
+Kahayan 
+merupakan 
+tempat
+dimana masyarakat Dayak Ngaju
+melakukan berbagai kegiatan adat.
+Sungai Kahayan menjadi tempat
+bagi suku Dayak Ngaju pada masa
+lalu 
+untuk 
+melakukan 
+ritual
+kematian, perburuan kepala, sihir,
+kegiatan pertanian dan hukum 46.
+Hal yang sama ini juga dialami
+oleh 
+masyarakat 
+Bukit 
+Rawi.
+Begitu pentingnya arti sungai bagi
+masyarakat lokal yang membuat
+seorang 
+ibu 
+yang 
+kami
+wawancarai mengeluarkan sebuah
+statement
+bahwa apapun yang
+terjadi, 
+sungai 
+akan 
+menjadi
+bagian 
+hidup 
+yang 
+tidak
+terpisahkan 
+dari 
+masyarakat
+Kayahan47.
+45 Schiller, Small Sacrifices:
+Religious Change and Cultural Identity
+Among The Ngaju of Indonesia.
+46 Scharer, Ngaju Religion: The
+Conception of God Among A South
+Borneo People.
+47 Wawancara dengan ibu
+Neneng, 19 Juni 2021 jam 12.00 WIB
+
+Manna Rafflesia, 9/1 (Oktober2022)
+https://s.id/Man Raf
+P-ISSN: 2356-4547
+E-ISSN: 2721-0006
+Copyright (c) 2022 Manna Rafflesia |149
+Gambar 6: Wawancara dengan Suami Ibu
+Neneng dan Suami
+Perubahan Makna Teologis
+Sungai Kahayan bagi
+Masyarakat Bukit Rawi Di
+Kahayan Tengah
+Sejak masuknya modernisasi
+di kalangan masyarakat Kahayan,
+kehidupan 
+teologis 
+masyarakat
+mulai mengalami perubahan pesat.
+Perubahan mendasar terjadi pada
+masyarakat Dayak Ngaju setelah
+Kristen dan Islam masuk ke
+lingkungan 
+masyarakat 
+Dayak
+Ngaju. Kristen sendiri masuk ke
+Kalimantan Tengah sekitar tahun
+183548. Hal ini terjadi tidak hanya
+pada 
+pandangan 
+teologis
+masyarakat namun juga situasi
+sosial 
+masyarakat 
+termasuk
+munculnya corak paktriakhi dalam
+masyarakat 
+Dayak49. 
+Menurut
+Dyson, khususnya di kalangan
+48 Dakir, “Pengelolaan Budaya
+Inklusif Berbasis Nilai Belom Bahadat
+Pada Huma Betang Dan Transformasi
+Sosial Masyarakat Dayak Kalimantan
+Tengah.”
+49
+Rama Tulus Pilakoannu,
+“Perempuan 
+Dalam 
+Konteks 
+Ritual
+Agama Kaharingan Pada Suku Dayak
+Maanyan,” Jurnal Teologi Kontekstual
+Indonesia
+1, 
+no. 
+1 
+(2020): 
+67,
+https://doi.org/10.46445/jtki.v1i1.289.
+orang 
+Dayak 
+yang 
+memeluk
+agama 
+Islam
+akan
+mengubah
+identitas kesukubangsaannya dan
+menyebut
+diri mereka sebagai
+orang Bakumpai dan pindah ke
+selatan 
+memisahkan 
+diri 
+dari
+kelompok asli mereka, Dayak
+Ngaju 50. Di beberapa tempat yang
+mayoritas Kristen, setelah masuk
+Kristen, ada ritual asli yang
+ditinggalkan termasuk berbagai
+ritual yang dilakukan di sungai
+Kahayan 
+seperti
+Tiwah
+atau
+memberi makan Jata sang Dewa
+penunggu Sungai yang merupakan
+penghubung 
+dengan
+Ranying
+Mahatalla Langit51.
+Dalam wawancara dengan
+Kepala Desa setempat diketahui
+bahwa di desa ini 99% warga
+beragama 
+Kristen. 
+Dari
+wawancara 
+tersebut
+ditemukan
+alasan bahwa perubahan terutama
+terjadi karena saat ini di Bukit
+Rawi 
+di 
+sepanjang 
+Sungai
+Kahayan, 
+masyarakat 
+sudah
+menganut Kristen sehingga banyak
+tradisi lama ditinggalkan52.
+Gambar 7: Wawancara dengan Kepala
+Desa Bukit Rawi
+50 Dyson L. and M. Asharani,
+Tiwah 
+Upacara 
+Kematian 
+Pada
+Masyarakat Dayak Ngaju Di Kalimantan
+Tengah.
+51 Dyson L. and M. Asharani.
+52 Georg Martin Baier, “Agama
+Hindu Kaharingan Sebagai Nativisme
+Sesudah 
+Pengaruh 
+Kristen 
+Menjadi
+Peristiwa Yang Tak Ada Tandingannya,”
+Simpson Journals
+1, no. Desember
+(2014): 165–78.
+
+Manna Rafflesia, 9/1 (Oktober2022)
+https://s.id/Man Raf
+P-ISSN: 2356-4547
+E-ISSN: 2721-0006
+Copyright (c) 2022 Manna Rafflesia |150
+Di Bukit Rawi secara khusus
+yang menjadi tempat penelitian ini
+dilakukan, ada perubahan radikal
+pada makna Teologis masyarakat
+tentang sungai Kayahan. Di tempat
+ini, hampir terjadi perubahan 1800
+pada praktik kehidupan Teologis
+masyarakat Dayak Ngaju karena
+mereka 
+sudah 
+tidak 
+lagi
+mempraktikkan ritual di sungai
+Kahayan 
+sehingga
+sungai 
+ini
+sudah 
+tidak 
+memiliki 
+makna
+Teologis apapun bagi masyarakat
+Bukit Rawi.
+Sebenarnya, 
+salah 
+satu
+penyebab terbesar dari Perubahan
+pola kepercayaan di antara orang-
+orang Kahayan adalah karena
+sistem budayanya yang terbuka.
+Sistem budaya terbuka ini menurut
+Mihing sebagaimana dikutip oleh
+Demi membuat masyarakat Dayak
+Ngaju 
+dapat 
+dengan 
+mudah
+melakukan 
+melakukan 
+proses
+mutasi 
+kultural
+(selfreligionization)53. Karena itu,
+sampai saat ini berbagai ritual
+penting dari kelahiran anak sampai
+Tiwah sudah ditinggalkan sejak
+masyarakat Dayak Ngaju masuk
+Kristen54.
+Pengaruh Kekristenan
+disebut-sebut sebagai penyebab
+utama 
+terjadinya
+Perubahan
+pandangan Teologis masyarakat.
+53
+Dewi, 
+“Agama 
+Dan
+Kebudayaan Kaharingan Di Kalimantan
+Tengah Menurut Para Penulis Indonesia
+(1990-2013).”
+54
+Suwarno, “Budaya Huma
+Betang Masyarakat Dayak Kalimantan
+Tengah 
+Dalam 
+Globalisasi: 
+Telaag
+Kinstruksi Sosial,” Lingua 14, no. Maret
+(2017): 
+89–102,
+https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-
+journals/discerns-special-education-
+teachers-about-
+access/docview/2477168620/se-
+2?accountid=17260%0Ahttp://lenketjener.
+uit.no/?url_ver=Z39.88-
+2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:jour
+nal&genre=article&sid=ProQ:ProQ%3Aed
+.
+Masyarakat Bukit Rawi bermutasi
+menjadi 
+satu 
+kelompok
+masyarakat Kristen yang tidak lagi
+menganggap 
+sungai 
+Kahayan
+memiliki 
+makna 
+Teologis
+mendalam bagi mereka. Meskipun
+pendapat ini juga disangsikan oleh
+Baier dan beberapa ahli Teologi
+lokal karena masih banyak orang
+Dayak Ngaju yang sebenarnya
+masih hidup dalam tradisi lama
+mereka, Kaharingan55.
+Gambar 8: Wawancara dengan Robi dan
+Tambi Luna
+Sebab lain dari perubahan
+makna 
+sungai 
+adalah 
+karena
+adanya migrasi masyarakat dari
+tepian sungai ke kampung. Migrasi
+ini dilakukan karena sering terjadi
+banjir belakangan ini di daerah
+Bukit Rawi. Pada bukan Oktober
+2021 misalnya, terjadi banjir yang
+cukup parah yang memutus jalan
+antara Bukit Rawi dengan Kota
+Palangka Raya. Namun tentang hal
+ini tidak dibahas mendalam karena
+tidak bersangkutan dengan judul
+penelitian ini dan akan dibahas
+dalam judul yang lain.
+KESIMPULAN
+Suku 
+Dayak 
+Ngaju
+55 Georg Martin Baier, “Agama
+Hindu Kaharingan Sebagai Nativisme
+Sesudah 
+Pengaruh 
+Kristen 
+Menjadi
+Peristiwa Yang Tak Ada Tandingannya,”
+Simpson 1, no. 2 (2014): 165–78.
+
+Manna Rafflesia, 9/1 (Oktober2022)
+https://s.id/Man Raf
+P-ISSN: 2356-4547
+E-ISSN: 2721-0006
+Copyright (c) 2022 Manna Rafflesia |151
+merupakan 
+suku 
+terbesar 
+di
+Kalimantan 
+Tengah.
+Namun
+masyarakat lokal lebih menyukai
+jika identitas mereka di sebut
+berdasarkan nama Sungai di mana
+mereka tinggal, salah satunya
+adalah sungai Kahayan. Sungai ini
+memiliki 
+makna 
+sentral 
+bagi
+masyarakat Ngaju Kahayan karena
+dianggap sebagai pusat kehidupan
+mereka. Sungai ini juga memiliki
+makna 
+Teologis 
+utama 
+bagi
+masyarakat lokal karena menjadi
+pusat kegiatan ritual dan tradisi
+masyarakat. 
+Namun 
+demikian,
+perjalanan 
+waktu 
+membuat
+masyarakat tidak lagi memandang
+sungai ini sebagai fasilitas penting
+dalam hal penyembahan dan ritual.
+Perubahan 
+drastis
+pemanfaatan 
+sungai 
+Kahayan
+sebagai pusat kegiatan ritual di
+desa 
+Bukit 
+Rawi 
+menjadi
+fenomenal untuk diteliti. Untuk itu
+tim peneliti datang langsung ke
+lokasi untuk menemukan alasan
+dari Perubahan ini. Dan setelah
+diteliti, ternyata masuknya Kristen
+ke Bukit Rawi yang berhasil
+mengkonversikan 
+100%
+masyarakat lokal menyebabkan
+perubahan 
+radikal 
+dalam
+kehidupan beragama di desa ini.
+Berbeda dengan beberapa tempat
+lain di sepanjang DAS Kahayan,
+Kekristenan sangat berakar di
+daerah Bukit Rawi dan mengubah
+pandangan 
+hidup 
+termasuk
+pandangan Teologis masyarakat di
+Bukit Rawi.
+Penelitian ini tentu dapat
+dikembangkan lagi di masa depan
+untuk 
+mengetahui 
+bagaimana
+gereja-gereja menanamkan iman
+Kristen pada masyarakat sehingga
+terjadi perubahan radikal dalam
+diri 
+dan 
+pandangan 
+Teologis
+masyarakat Bukit Rawi. Atau bisa
+juga dilihat dari berbagai sisi
+seperti 
+kepemimpinan 
+para
+rohaniawan, 
+dinamika
+pertumbuhan gereja dan lain-lain
+sehingga penelitian ini menjadi
+lebih lengkap.
+DAFTAR PUSTAKA
+Aflanie, Iwan, Wening Prastowo,
+Roselina 
+Panghiyangani,
+Ahmad Yudianto, and Toetik
+Koesbardiati. 
+“Genetic
+Variation 
+Analysis 
+and
+Kinship Relationship between
+Dayak 
+Ngaju 
+Tribe 
+and
+Dayak Bukit Tribe through
+Examination of Core DNA of
+Bukit CODIS STR Locus
+(Combine Dna Index System)
+13 
+for 
+the 
+Purpose 
+of
+Forensic 
+Identification.”
+Indian Journal of Forensic
+Medicine and Toxicology 14,
+no. 
+3 
+(2020): 
+1065–68.
+https://doi.org/10.37506/ijfmt
+.v14i3.10519.
+Anggraini, 
+Gita. 
+“Internalisasi
+Nilai-Nilai 
+Pendidikan
+Karakter Pada Masyarakat
+Adat 
+Dayak 
+Ngaju.”
+At-
+Turats 10, no. 2 (2016): 91.
+https://doi.org/10.24260/at-
+turats.v10i2.667.
+Baier, Georg Martin. “Agama
+Hindu Kaharingan Sebagai
+Nativisme Sesudah Pengaruh
+Kristen Menjadi Peristiwa
+Yang 
+Tak 
+Ada
+Tandingannya.”
+Simpson
+Journals
+1, no. Desember
+(2014): 165–78.
+———. 
+“Agama 
+Hindu
+Kaharingan 
+Sebagai
+Nativisme Sesudah Pengaruh
+Kristen Menjadi Peristiwa
+Yang 
+Tak 
+Ada
+Tandingannya.” Simpson 1,
+no. 2 (2014): 165–78.
+Bale, 
+Djenen.
+Analisis 
+Pola
+Pemukiman Di Lingkungan
+Perairan 
+Di 
+Indonesia.
+Jakarta: 
+Departemen
+Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan,
+1995.
+Bella, Rizka, Stevany Stevaby,
+
+Manna Rafflesia, 9/1 (Oktober2022)
+https://s.id/Man Raf
+P-ISSN: 2356-4547
+E-ISSN: 2721-0006
+Copyright (c) 2022 Manna Rafflesia |152
+Ahmad Ilham Gujali, Ratna
+Sari Dewi, Eddy Lion, and
+Maryam Mustika. “Sistem
+Masyarakat Dan Organisasi
+Suku Dayak
+Ngaju (Studi
+Kasus Di Desa Mandomai
+Kalimantan Tengah).” Jurnal
+Kewarganegaraan 5, no. 2
+(2021): 
+364–75.
+https://doi.org/10.31316/jk.v5
+i2.1676.
+Dakir. 
+“Pengelolaan 
+Budaya
+Inklusif Berbasis Nilai Belom
+Bahadat Pada Huma Betang
+Dan 
+Transformasi 
+Sosial
+Masyarakat 
+Dayak
+Kalimantan Tengah.” Religio:
+Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama
+7, no. 1 (2017): 28–54.
+Dewi, Mustika Diani. “Agama
+Dan Kebudayaan Kaharingan
+Di 
+Kalimantan 
+Tengah
+Menurut 
+Para 
+Penulis
+Indonesia (1990-2013).” UIN
+Syarif Hidyatullah Jakarta,
+2018.
+Dyson L., and M. Asharani. Tiwah
+Upacara 
+Kematian 
+Pada
+Masyarakat Dayak Ngaju Di
+Kalimantan Tengah. Jakarta:
+Dirjen 
+Kebudayaan
+Depdikbud, 1981.
+Fransusi. “Kajian Jenis, Fungsi
+Dan Makna Mantra Dayak
+Ngaju (The Study of Types,
+Functions, and Meanings of
+Dayak 
+Ngaju 
+Mantras).”
+Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra Dan
+Pembelajarannya
+8, no. 2
+(2018): 34–44.
+Harysakti, Ave, and Lalu Mulyadi.
+“Penelusuran 
+Genius 
+Loci
+Pada 
+Permukiman 
+Suku
+Dayak Ngaju Di Kalimantan
+Tengah,” 1997.
+Kewuel, 
+Hopolitus 
+K. 
+dkk.
+Pluralisme Multikulturalisme
+Dan Batas-Batas Toleransi .
+Malang: FIB Unibraw, 2017.
+http://antropologi.fib.ub.ac.id/
+wp-
+content/uploads/2019/01/Seri
+-Studi-Kebudayaan-
+1_ Pluralisme-
+Multikulturalisme-dan-Batas-
+batas-Toleransi -2017-
+Copy.pdf.
+Kurniawan, Agung Widhi, and
+Zarah 
+Puspitaningtyas.
+Metode 
+Penelitian
+Kuantitatif. 
+Yogyakarta:
+Pandiva Buku, 2016.
+Luardini, Maria Ariana. “Makna
+Dan Nilai Yang Tekandung
+Dalam Teks Legenda Dayak
+Ngaju.” Linguistika 15, no.
+28 (2008).
+Nursapiah. Penelitian Kualitatif.
+Edited 
+by 
+Hasan 
+Sazali.
+Medan: 
+Wal 
+Ashri
+Publishing, 2020.
+Pilakoannu, 
+Rama 
+Tulus.
+“Perempuan Dalam Konteks
+Ritual Agama Kaharingan
+Pada Suku Dayak Maanyan.”
+Jurnal Teologi Kontekstual
+Indonesia 1, no. 1 (2020): 67.
+https://doi.org/10.46445/jtki.v
+1i1.289.
+Rijanta, R, Bakti Setiawan, and
+Muh Aris Marfai. “Model
+Permukiman Kawasan Tepian
+Sungai Kasus : Permukiman
+Tepian Sungai Kahayan Kota
+Palangkaraya.”
+Jurnal
+Permukiman 9, no. 1 (2014):
+17–27.
+Samsu. Metode Penelitian: Teori
+Dan 
+Aplikasi 
+Penelitian
+Kualitatif, Kuantitatif, Mixed
+Methods, Serta Research &
+Development. Jambi: Pusaka,
+2017.
+Scharer, Hans. Ngaju Religion:
+The 
+Conception 
+of 
+God
+Among 
+A 
+South 
+Borneo
+People. 
+Netherlands:
+Springer, 1963.
+Schiller, Anne. Small Sacrifices:
+Religious 
+Change 
+and
+Cultural Identity Among The
+Ngaju of Indonesia. New
+York: 
+Oxford 
+University
+Press, 1997.
+
+Manna Rafflesia, 9/1 (Oktober2022)
+https://s.id/Man Raf
+P-ISSN: 2356-4547
+E-ISSN: 2721-0006
+Copyright (c) 2022 Manna Rafflesia |153
+Sugiyono.
+Metode 
+Penelitian
+Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, Dan R
+& D. Bandung: Alfabeta,
+2013.
+Suryani, Lilis. “Nilai-Nilai Islami
+Filosofi Huma Betang Suku
+Dayak 
+Di 
+Desa 
+Buntoi
+Kalimantan Tengah.” IAIN
+Palangka Raya, 2018.
+Suwarno. “Budaya Huma Betang
+Masyarakat 
+Dayak
+Kalimantan Tengah Dalam
+Globalisasi: 
+Telaag
+Kinstruksi Sosial.”
+Lingua
+14, no. Maret (2017): 89–102.
+https://www.proquest.com/sc
+holarly-journals/discerns-
+special-education-teachers-
+about-
+access/docview/2477168620/
+se-
+2?accountid=17260%0Ahttp:/
+/lenketjener.uit.no/?url_ver=Z
+39.88-
+2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/f
+mt:kev:mtx:journal&genre=ar
+ticle&sid=ProQ:ProQ%3Aed.
+Suyitno.
+Metode 
+Penelitian
+Kualitatif: Konsep, Prinsip,
+Dan 
+Operasionalnya.
+Akademia Pustaka, 2018.
+Wekke, Ismail Suardi. Metodologi
+Penelitian 
+Sosial.
+Yogyakarta: 
+Gawe 
+Buku,
+2019.
+Widen, 
+Kumpiadi.
+Organisasi
+Sosial 
+Lokal 
+Sukubangsa
+Dayak Ngaju Di Kalimantan
+Tengah. Jakarta: Dirjen Nilai
+Budaya, 
+Seni 
+dan 
+Film
+Departemen Kebudayan dan
+Pariwisata, 2009.
+Wilson. “Makna Upacara Nyaki
+Tihi Adat Dayak Ngaju Di
+Desa 
+Samba 
+Danum
+Katingan, 
+Kalimantan
+Tengah.” Kontekstualita 26
+(2009): 41–56.
+Yusuf, Muri. Metode Penelitian:
+Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, Dan
+Penelitian 
+Gabungan.
+Rawamangun: 
+Kencana,
+2014.
+———.
+Metode 
+Penelitian:
+Kuantitatif, Kualitatif Dan
+Penelitian 
+Gabungan.
+Rawamangun: 
+Kencana,
+2017.
+Nara Sumber Wawancara
+Staff Kecamatan Kahayan Tengah,
+5 Juni 2021, jam 10.30 WIB
+Ibu Hariati dkk, 12 Juni 2021, jam
+11. 00 WIB
+Jeffry, 12 Juni 2021 pukul 10.30
+WIB.
+Ocha, 12 Juni 2021 pukul 10.30
+WIB
+Kepala Desa Bukit Rawi, 19 Juni
+2021 jam 11.00 WIB
+Ibu Neneng dan suami, 19 Juni
+2021 jam 11.00 WIB.
+Robi, 19 Juni 2021 jam 12.30 WIB
+Tambi Luna, 19 Juni 2021 jam
+13.10 WIB
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/308dd68cdc887ce9.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/308dd68cdc887ce9.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c032f89a8009e882d9e6b1b15534b29175d19254
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@@ -0,0 +1,382 @@
+Carnaval brasileiro - o vivido e o mito
+
+Mestrando do
+
+REv1sTA DE ANTROPOLOGIA, SAo PAULO, USP, 1993, v. 36. 
+Maria Isaura Pereira de Queiroz. Carnaval brasileiro - o vivido e o mito. 
+1 ª edição, São Paulo, Editora Brasiliense, 1992. 239 pp. 
+Marcos Pereira Rufino 
+Mestrando do Departamento de Antropologia - USP 
+A oposição entre o plano do vivido e o plano do mito na interpretação do 
+fenômeno carnavalesco brasileiro é crucial para compreendermos o recado 
+da autora e o porquê desse trabalho não ser apenas mais um livro sobre o 
+Carnaval a enfeitar nossas estantes. Mas, antes de entrarmos nessa discus-
+são, aproveito a deixa para observar que, além de pesquisado, o objeto em 
+questão foi (ou é), acima de tudo, vivido. Suas impressões e experiências pes-
+soais da festa carnavalesca, que vêm desde a infância, não lhe permitem es-
+conder a emoção e a nostalgia que brota quando do encontro necessário com 
+a lembrança. Por tão bem conhecer as armadilhas enfrentadas pelo pesqui-
+sador que mantém relações afetivas com seu tema de estudo, ela afirma, contra 
+aqueles que ainda acreditam existir entre si e seu objeto de pesquisa somente 
+teorias e livros, que todo pesquisador é um pesquisador engajado. Porém, 
+"trata-se de dominar os desvios afetivos através do conhecimento de sua 
+existên<?ia e dos limites que colocam a toda investigação, buscando corrigi-
+los e ultrapassá -los" (p. 23 ). 
+Embora acrescidos e modificados para esta publicação , três dos quatro 
+capítulos desse livro apareceram anteriormente em publicações científicas 
+nacionais e estrangeiras entre 1984 e 1985. Partindo da idéia fundamental 
+de que o entendimento do Carnaval pressupõe a inclusão de uma abordagem 
+histórica, confrontando-o com as estruturas sociais de seu tempo , esse livro 
+inicia um longo trajeto, a começar pelo Entrudo português. 
+O Entrudo era o antigo Carnaval que se realizava em Portugal. A palavra 
+significa "entrada", em referência ao início da primavera. Tais festejos nem 
+sempre estiveram associados ao Cristianism o. Ao contrário do que vai ocor-
+rer no Brasil, o Entrudo português possuía uma forma bastante diversificada, 
+conforme a região em que era realizado. Em algumas localidades, as pessoas 
+invadiam as casas de parentes e vizinhos e atacavam-se umas às outras com 
+lama , cinzas ou mesmo água; em outras a ênfase estava na malhação do 
+- 243 -
+
+REVISTA DE ANTROPOLOGIA, SAo PAULO, USP, 1993, v. 36. 
+boneco do Entrudo - que em alguns lugare s chamava-se João, e, em outros 
+ainda, acompanhavam o boneco da Primavera. Tal heterogeneidade , contu-
+do, não impede algumas generalizações. Basicamente, tais festas constituíam-
+se no âmbito das relações de parentela e vizinhança, contribuindo significati-
+vamente para o fomento dos laços de solidariedade e para a coesão social. 
+Em finais do século XVIII, avistava-se o progressivo movimento de subs-
+tituição do Entr udo pelo Carnaval. Devido, em parte, à grande influência 
+cultural que a alta sociedade francesa exercia sobre o país, começavam a 
+surgir nas grandes cidades de Porto e Lisboa os desfiles de carruagens e os 
+bailes de máscaras. A imprensa portugues~ por sua vez, estimulava tal substi-
+tuição, atribuindo aos festejos do Entrudo o caráter de práticas "bárbaras". 
+Aos poucos, o velho Entrudo ia se asfixiando nos pequenos burgos e aldeias. 
+Compreende-se melhor esse movimento quando observamos a conjuntura 
+econômica externa de Portugal, onde a Inglaterra desempenhava o importante 
+papel de principal cliente dos produtos vinícolas do país, propiciando, assim , 
+o aparecimento de uma camada social distinta que comercializava o produ-
+to. Por ser o principal escoadouro do vinho, Porto foi a grande beneficiada 
+(Lisboa era apenas a sede administrativa). As diferenças socioeconômicas 
+que se operavam na estrutura social começavam a se refletir na festa do Car-
+naval; podemos observá-las nas rígidas distinções entre o espaço de partici-
+pação da população pobre, que não passava de mera espectadora , e o espa-
+ço dos homens ricos , sujeitos efetivos da festa. 
+Não tardaria, contudo, a chegar o declínio do Carnaval, um século depois . 
+Acredita a autora que isso estaria associado com a ditadura Salazar e a po-
+lítica de expoliação das colônias africanas - que implicou grande evasão de 
+capitais e recursos humanos. Teria também contribuído para isso a fuga de 
+trabalhadores para França, Suíça e Alemanha, sendo que a volta destes emi-
+grantes não pressupunha a retomada dos velhos hábitos culturais. 
+No Brasil, apesar de ocorrerem modificações semelhantes às que se viam 
+em Portugal, o Carnaval suplantou totalmente o Entrudo, começando sua 
+hegemonia na metade do século XIX, nas grandes cidades. Já em início do 
+século passado, o Entrudo refinava-se perceptivelmente: não se inundavam 
+mais as pessoas com jarros de água, mas com laranjinhas e limõezinhos de 
+cera, contendo água perfumada. Aqui, o Entrudo era uma exclusividade do 
+meio urbano. Este se realizava nos pequenos burgos e cidadez inhas pobres e 
+- 244 -
+
+REVISTA DE ANTROPOLOGIA, SÃO PAULO, USP, 1993, V. 36. 
+pouco povoadas, para as quais deslocavam-se os fazendeiros que quissessem 
+participar. Tal fato talvez se devesse ao perigo que tais festejos, nas fazen-
+das, representavam para os senhores de escravos, visto que a maioria numé-
+rica de escravos representava a imagem de uma tragédia em potencial, mes-
+mo no caso da festa ser restrita aos homens livres. Nas cidades, os escravos 
+brincavam entre si, antes ou depois de terminada a diversão dos senhores, e 
+pareciam seguir as mesmas divisões que estes. 
+As mutações que favorec.eram o surgimento do Carnaval Veneziano, mais 
+tarde Grande Carnaval, ligam-se ao recuo das relações de compadrio e vi-
+zinhança frente às relações de classe. A vinda da família real, em 1808, foi 
+um golpe mortal para o Entrudo brasileiro. A abertura dos portos que se 
+seguiu e o sucesso do cultivo do café propiciaram wn grande desenvolvimento 
+econômico, junto ao fortalecimento de classes sociais distintas. Na última 
+década do século XIX, desaparece o Entrudo do cenário nacional, apesar de 
+sobrevivências recalcitrantes em algumas partes, devido ao baixo custo que 
+a festa representava para seus realizadores. 
+Por volta da década de 40 do século passado, nasce o Corso - desfiles de 
+carros, carruagens a princípio, nos quais os ricos ostentavam suas fortunas e 
+fantasias - e os primeiros clubes ou sociedades carnavalescas. Tal como em 
+Portugal, a imprensa nacional enaltece tais mudanças, mais uma vez com base 
+na polaridade "civilização" versus "barbárie". Jornais e grandes comerciantes, 
+os que mais ganhavam com o Carnaval, concediam prêmios às mais ricas fan-
+tasias e aos mais belos desfiles, alimentando o antagonismo de famílias rivais. 
+O termo Grande Carnaval surge em contraposição a Pequeno Carnaval, 
+que era realizado por negros e mulatos livres da periferia carioca que, apro-
+veitando-se das sobras da festa maior ( confetes e serpentina), faziam sua 
+comemoração, acompanhada de músicas afro. Os grupos que participavam 
+dessa manifestação eram esporádico s até o início deste século. Eram aque-
+les que possuíam remuneração garantida - operários, pequenos lojistas e pe-
+quenos funcionários -que organizavam tais grupos. Nos lembra a autora que, 
+curiosamente, estes ranchos ou "tropa s" desfilavam sempre fantasiados de 
+índios. Oriundo destes grupos nasceriam as escolas de samba, sendo a pri-
+meira delas fundada em 1928, a Escola Estação Primeira de Mangueira. 
+Nesta segunda metade do século assistimos ao desaparecimento tanto do 
+Entrudo quanto do Carnaval em Portugal, ao passo que, no Brasil, a notável 
+- 245 -
+
+REVISTA DE ANTROPOLOGIA, SÃO PAULO , USP, 1993, V. 36. 
+homogeneidade do Entrudo em todas as regiões do país foi substituída por um 
+Carnaval tan1bém homogêneo. Tenta nos explicar a autora que o desapareci-
+mento do Entrudo das cidades brasileiras está ligado ao fato de estas, ao con-
+trário do caso português, funcionarem como sedes da administração local, com 
+prefeituras, câmaras municipais, paróquias etc. Os grandes fazendeiros que as 
+dominavam procuravam de1nonstrar o seu poder econômico por meio de sua 
+"modernização", trazendo de ultramar tudo aquilo que acontecia de novo. 
+O segundo capítulo desse livro é voltado para as escolas de samba do Rio 
+de Janeiro. Com estruturas complexas e mobilizando interesses diversos, es-
+tas só poderiam surgir em zonas suburbanas que oferecessem condições eco-
+nômicas para seu patrocínio. 
+Numa interessante descrição do funcionamento dessas escolas cariocas, 
+vemos que não possuem nada de "ameaçador" às estruturas sociais vigen-
+tes, como podem imaginar alguns. Não são mais seus fundadores e sua pa-
+rentela que as dirigem. Parece não haver mais lugar para as pessoas de cor 
+nesta posição. Os atuais dirigentes são homens de negócios brancos, os "dou-
+, 
+tores". Aqueles restam a parte técnica da dança e do samba. Vemos também 
+a figura destacada do carnavalesco, especialista em decoração e artes plás-
+ticas, normalmente formado pela Escola de Belas-Artes, que passa a coman-
+dar os trabalhos a partir de setembro. 
+O contexto em que se formam as primeiras escolas de samba estava marca-
+do por uma ampla valorização de tudo aquilo considerado, então, como auten-
+ticamente nacional. O samba é absorvido em tal processo e, em 1936, apre-
+feitura carioca legaliza a participação dessas escolas nos festejos. O populismo 
+da política nacional do período também contribuiu para a liberação das ativi-
+dades de tais associações, permitindo assim que o negro e o mulato comemo-
+rassem os festejos em espaço público, o que era anterionnente proibido. 
+Em 1946, a proibição do jogo do bicho em todo o país coincide com a clara 
+ascensão das escolas. O banqueiro do bicho patrocinava a escola de samba 
+de um determinado subúrbio, como forma de ampliar suas redes de penetra-
+ção local. A Beija-Flor, de Nilópo]is, é um típico exemplo de crescirnento 
+rápido a partir de tais investimentos. 
+No Rio de Janeiro toda a atividade carnavalesca concentra-se na zona norte 
+' 
+da cidade, onde também é maior a ação dos bicheiros. Em algumas interpre-
+tações da festa no Rio, o Carnaval seria um momento em que a oposição en-
+- 246 -
+
+REv1sTA 
+DE A NTROPOLOGIA, SAo PAULO, USP, 1993, v. 36. 
+tre zona norte e zona sul - que não passaria de um antagonismo entre pobre s 
+e ricos - é dramati zada nos termos de uma inversão dos papéi s sociais dos 
+sujeit os; e isso poderia ser o prelúdio para uma ação política concreta sobre 
+a estrutura soc ial. Para outras interpretações , entretanto, os festejos carna-
+valescos não passam de uma apologia a valores predominante s da sociedade 
+capitali sta. Isso poderia ser observado na presença preponderante de uma 
+cultura livre sca no tema dos desfiles das escolas de samba e na própria eru-
+dição das fantasias. Esses valores seriam ainda consagrados na ostentação 
+do luxo e da riqueza , nos estatutos claramente moralistas das escolas, na 
+defesa da ordem e da organização disciplinar, e, particularmente , no enalteci-
+mento do trabalho árduo. Esses intérpretes argumentam ainda que o emble-
+ma da distin ção soc ial, longe de ser ameaçado, aparece claramente na pró-
+pria sepa ração entre os que fazem ( o povão da zona norte) a festa e aque les 
+que a desfrutam ( estrangeiros e burgu eses da zona sul). 
+Maria Isaura, numa atitude de ponderação diante desse debate, reconhece 
+o surgimento das primeira s escolas de samba como uma resposta dos estra-
+tos inferiores à crescente complexidade de nossa soc iedade industrial - res-
+posta que caminha no sentido de exigir o direito à participação na festa. A 
+capacidade de organização e mobilização dessas associações apontariam, de 
+fato, para um perigo futur o de insubordi naçã o social. No entant o, e aqui re-
+side a chave dessa terceira interpretação, os grupos dominan tes demonstra-
+ram sua habi lidade política ao ass imilar a festa e ao criar uma estrutura tu-
+telar sobre cada uma das esco las. Neste sentido, a autora afirma serem tais 
+esco las de samba, entre outras co isas, instrumentos de dome sticação das 
+massas . No tocante à ordem e disciplina, ela nos pergunta se isso não res-
+ponde a uma nec essidade mais geral de submi ssão à autor idade: 
+A voz possante e fortemente ritmada da bateria durante o desfile, des-
+pertando em atores e espectadores as mesmas emoções, impondo a to-
+dos os mesmos comportamentos, os mesmos gestos, a mesma cadên-
+cia, não exprime justamente a necessidade primordial de se submeter 
+ao comando que emana da autoridade da escola - ou, simbolicamente, 
+de qualquer autoridade? (p. 116). 
+O foco do conflito que marca o Carnava l carioca não se articu la no binômio 
+rico s/pobre s ou Zona Norte /Zo na Sul, mas restritamente entre as esco las de 
+- 247 -
+
+REv1s1A DE ANTROPOLOGIA, SAo PAULO, USP, 1993, v. 36. 
+samba. Existe até mesmo um conjunto de alianças entre grupos "burgueses" 
+da Zona Sul com determinada escola. Se este é um elemento de integração 
+social no interior de um dado subúrbio, por outro lado é também uma fonte 
+de desagregação na perspectiva maior da metrópole, estabelecendo um con-
+flito entre os subúrbios pobres da Zona Norte. Esses conflitos atuariam em 
+favor das classes dominantes ao impedir qualquer tipo de coalizão popular. 
+A passagem em revista às teorias que procuram interpretar o fenômeno 
+carnavalesco no país leva a autora para além do universo das escolas de sam-
+ba. No terceiro capítulo do livro, sua atenção orienta-se para os grandes bailes 
+carnavalescos, e parte do trabalho de desconstrução da idéia de Carnaval 
+como inversão social, feito a partir do estudo da estrutura das escolas, será 
+retomada sob nova perspectiva. 
+Uma senhora italiana, dona de um hotel no Rio de Janeiro, organiza o 
+primeiro baile carnavalesco, em 20 de janeiro de 1840. No discurso da im-
+prensa que cobre tais eventos aparece sempre a alusão ao seu caráter demo-
+crático, pois nele não importariam as diferenças sociais, econômicas, étni-
+cas ou sexuais. Maria Isaura questionará esta idéia ae igualdade e democracia, 
+na medida em que a participação na festa dar-se-á de maneira diversa, de-
+pendendo da posição social dos sujeitos. 
+O ritmo da música e o estilo da dança serão marcas distintivas desses bai-
+les, de modo que bailes carnavalescos ocorrerão fora do período tradicional 
+do Carnaval. Suas músicas peculiares começaram com Chiquinha Gonzaga, 
+em 1899. Grandes concursos de melhores canções carnavalescas eram orga-
+niz.ados pelas emissoras de rádio na década de 60, desaparecendo, porém, com 
+o triunfo das escolas de samba, que principiavam no horizonte. 
+O acesso a esses eventos é restrito àqueles que possuem o dinheiro suficien-
+te para os ingressos. Mesmo assim, há os bailes "fechadíssimos", nos quais 
+somente dinheiro não basta; é preciso ser convidado. Os bailes contam com 
+uma rigorosa segurança, principalmente naqueles 1nais populares, nos quais 
+o grupo de foliões apresentaria alta heterogeneidade. Uma das estratégias para 
+se evitar confusões seria a de promover maior participação de mulheres en-
+tre esses. Os organizadores procuram escalar mulheres atraentes e chegam a 
+cobrar ingressos com preços inferiores aos dos homens; dizern que o cálculo 
+ideal estaria numa proporção de cinco mu]heres para cada home1n. 
+- 248 -
+
+REv1sTA 
+DE ANTROPOLOGIA, 
+SAo PAULO, USP, 1993, v. 36. 
+A patente inferioridade feminina no tratamento dado pela imprensa especia-
+1 izada na cobertura de tais festividades é denunciada nesse livro. Geralmente , 
+a mulher é associada às frutas e à própria decoração dos bailes . Na linguagem 
+desses veículos tomamos conhecimento que tal baile tem "toneladas" de mu-
+lheres e ouvimos expressões como "mulataria", "mulherio" etc. O preconceito 
+à mulata é ainda maior. Nos grandes bailes pagam-na para decorar com seu 
+gingado, durante toda a duração do baile, um dado local do salão. 
+Tal como o desfile das escolas de samba, os bailes carnavalescos estariam 
+muito longe de qualquer crítica estrutural da sociedade. Todas as divisões 
+soc iais presentes em nosso cotidiano estariam neles refletidas. Seu caráter 
+"bem comportado" é facilmente atestado no tratamento especial dado às 
+autoridades, na rejeição social dos negros, na preeminência dos heterosse-
+xuais sobre os homossexuais e na própria divisão espacial do salão: os ricos 
+nos seus camarotes e os pobres nas pistas amontoadas. 
+O Carnaval seria uma inversão da sociedade existente ? Ou a imagem 
+desta num espelho? A análise dos dados mostra que as estruturas sociais 
+e os valores estão sempre presentes, que a organização da festa e a ori-
+entação do comportamento dos indivíduos continuam dominados por 
+eles. Miragem num espelho - repetição fiel da realidade , mas ao con-
+trário . No entanto a realidade ali está; todas as suas características es-
+tão reproduzidas tais e quais no espelho ... Realidade e espelho não se 
+excluem mutuamente, não são nem contraditórios, nem incompatíveis; 
+sua relação de reciprocidade é indispensável à sua existência. A ima-
+gem pode estar ao contrário; o corpo, de que ela é o reflexo , persiste 
+em sua integralidade . Assim também os participantes do baile carnava-
+lesco manife stam sua repul sa contra as coerções e os preconceitos de 
+sua sociedade, e no entanto continuam a obedecê-los no próprio mo-
+mento em que acreditam tê-lo s anulado ... 
+No quarto capítulo, Maria Isaura desenvolve a trajetória histórica do mito 
+car navale sco nacional. O surgiment o de uma tradição do Carnaval só pode 
+ser com preendido a partir das mudanças de mentalidade ocorridas durante o 
+início deste século. No debate em torno da identidade nacional , no final do 
+XIX , e no movimento modernista da década de 20, aparece a idéia do cará-
+ter nacional brasileiro formado pela mistura das três raças. O objetivo des-
+- 249 -
+
+REVISTA OE ANTROPOLOGIA, SÃO P AULO) USP, 1993, V. 36. 
+sas torm u)ações estaria no ataque aos "estra ngeirismos" decorrente s do gran-
+de fluxo migrató rio que se sucedeu à abol ição do trabalho escravo. Tratava-
+se de va lorizar incondiciona lmente aque les traços considerados , então, como 
+autênticos de nossa cu ltura. 
+Nossos intelect uais esforçavam -se na construção da tradiçã o do Carna-
+va l. Tropeçavam, contudo, na exigência de anc ianidad e que se faz de qual-
+quer tradição que mereça tal designação , pois não podiam recorrer a costu-
+mes que fossem suficientemente antigos. A solução possível seria desacionar 
+a noção de ancianidade como critério imprescindível para a caracterização 
+de uma tradição. 
+A proposição deveria ser invertida : é porque , por uma ou outra razão, 
+determinado comportamento ou maneira de ser é rodeado de respeito 
+e afeição que ele se conserva através do tempo, protegido do desapare-
+cimento por meio do conceito mágico de "tradição" . O conceito agiria 
+como uma espécie de cimento reunindo uns aos outros componentes de 
+variada origem, dessemelhantes e até mesmo contraditórios. Esta gi-
+nástica mental toma-se possível porque todo conceito é simples repre-
+sentação do espírito e não constitui um dado da realidade. 
+O Carnaval brasileiro , porém , iria para muito além da tradição. Ele pro-
+poria um novo futuro e uma nova sociedade. Seria mais do que um ritual ; 
+esconderia por trás deste um mito inspirador. 
+Podemos ver claramente esta relação entre mito e realidade, na constru-
+ção da imagem de Carnaval tradic iona l que se operou em Olinda. O intento 
+de reanimá-lo partiu de artistas, jovens intelectuais e jornalistas da região 
+Sudeste, que se mudaram para lá, em 1976. Propagavam que a espontanei-
+dade do Carnaval de Olinda poderia ser vista na ausência de organização ou 
+formalismos. Mesmo os habitantes mais velhos da cidade faziam uma repre-
+sentação da festa como espontânea e anárquica , quando, na verdade , estava 
+muito bem organizada por cima de divisões étnicas e socioeconômica s. 
+Em seu esforço para convencer-nos da importância de uma abordagem 
+sócio-histórica das estruturas presentes no Carnaval, a autora acaba por, em 
+alguns momentos, empobrecer a multiplicidade de sentidos contida no mito . 
+No caso particular do Carnava l, este nos faria crer na transformação tem-
+porária da sociedade quando, na verdade, nada acontece . O mito , aqui , sur-
+ge-nos como mera fuga do real. 
+- 250 -
+
+REVISTA DE ANTROPOLOGIA, SÃO PAULO, USP, 1993, V. 36. 
+A função do mito parece ser, pois, essencialmente psicológica e suas 
+atividades se ligariam ao imaginário, esta faculdade humana de elabo-
+rar, por meio de fantasia e a partir do real, noções que não correspon-
+dem mais a este último; o espírito abandona o curso habitual da com-
+preensão do real, e, todavia, é a partir deste que se põe a construir 
+conjuntos de noções que se afastam do que existe ... O mito carnava-
+lesco, resultado da atividade criativa, reúne observações, formula no-
+ções e constrói uma imagem social atraente, refúgio no qual os indiví-
+duos, uma vez por ano, encontram o prazer de uma existência alegre e 
+livre , oposta à penosa aceitação das desilusões do cotidiano. Mas é 
+apenas uma imagem ... (p. 195) 
+A proposta desse livro é, ao contrário da grande maioria dos trabalhos até 
+aqui realizados, analisar a estrutura da festa, e não preocupar-se apenas com 
+o mito carnavalesco. O mito, nessa concepção, ofereceria uma visão limita-
+da e incerta do fenômeno, sendo que não passa de fruto de emoções, estados 
+de espírito e julgamentos coletivos dos indivíduos. 
+Os trabalhos recentes limitariam-se a lidar com os resíduos do imagi-
+nário, procurando em todas as festas carnavalescas aquilo que as tomem 
+. 
+. 
+un1versa1s. 
+Foi o mito da festa que primeiro atraiu a atenção de pesquisadores no 
+mundo ocidental - folcloristas , historiadores, etnólogos, sociólogos -
+desejosos de desvendar os motivos ocultos de atividades que seriam ex-
+traordinárias . Não atingiram, com seus trabalhos , senão um resíduo que 
+deriva diretamente do imaginário ; deixaram de lado os significado s pro-
+fundos que ela pode tomar através do tempo e do espaço, uma vez que 
+não é igual por toda parte e não permanece imóvel, pois como fato soci-
+al está em constante transformação . A emoção de que se encontra carre-
+gada, os aspectos espectaculares de seus ritos justificam a preferência dada 
+pelos pesquisadore s ao seu lado mítico . Através desse atinge-se uma pri-
+meira explicação do evento, que vai no mesmo sentido do ju lgamento 
+coletivo habitual e que é, portanto, corroborada por este; os trabalhos que 
+seguem esta linha de interpretação não se detêm senão no caráter comum 
+a todos os tipos de Carnaval para desvendar o que ele tem de especifico 
+como festa e, portanto , diferente de outras comemorações . Afastam de 
+seu estudo aquilo que se prende às estruturas concretas e, mercê do corte 
+efetuado, navegam em plena abstração ... (p. 196) 
+- 251 -
+
+REVISTA DE ANTROPOLOGIA, SAo PAULO, USP, 1993, v. 36. 
+Essa busca da generalidade, do universal, impediria a compreensão de toda 
+a dimensão socioeconômica em que se insere o Carnaval. Para esclarecer-
+mos o significado real desse grande evento, precisaríamos interrogar o mito 
+com seu ritual encantatório anual e a estrutura e organização que decorrem 
+diretamente da sociedade em que se passa. O grande erro desses pesquisado-
+res estaria na cegueira para com as mudanças espaço-temporais que carre-
+gam o Carnaval. Ele tem suas particularidades determinadas pelas condições 
+sociais e históricas específicas da sociedade em que se realiza. 
+Na verdade, esses pesquisadores cairiam na armadilha de aceitar, de modo 
+barato, as concepções típicas do senso comum, que vê o Carnaval como um 
+momento transitório de total felicidade, em que se instalaria uma sociedade 
+alternativa, distante de todas as angústias e tristezas do cotidiano. 
+Para se ter uma visão mais profunda da festa e ultrapassar as observa-
+ções que a alegria e o prazer por ela permitidos despertam no pesquisador, é 
+indispensável procurar saber quem são os foliões, qual é sua posição na 
+hierarquia do poder local e da própria festa e, finalmente, o papel que de-
+sempenham - se são atores, ou espectadores, ou servidores. A abordagem 
+sócio-histórica contém certamente uma indicação interpretativa - a crença 
+de que o conjunto urbano, sua configuração, suas transformações exercem 
+influências sobre a configuração e as transformações do Carnaval (p. 216). 
+Somente uma perspectiva sócio-histórica seria capaz de dar conta do nos-
+so problema, pois vimos que foi a dinâmica de desenvolvimento das cidades 
+que ditou o modo como os festejos se implantaram no país. "O estudo a par-
+tir do mito carnavalesco não tem a mesma amplitude, pois o mito não varia 
+em seu sentido manifesto-permanece sempre igual a si mesmo." (p. 202) 
+Para Maria Isaura, não existe nenhuma incompatibilidade entre o Carna-
+val e a sociedade nacional, pois toda a estrutura hierárquica e injusta desta 
+última está reproduzida na realização da festa carnavalesca. Olhar o Carna-
+val não apenas pelo mito, mas, sobretudo, pela ordem do vivido nos dá nova 
+luz sobre o fenômeno. A festa carnavalesca, com todas as contradições que 
+encerra, seria, como afirma a autora, "o produto barroco mais puro de sua 
+sociedade e de sua civilização". 
+- 252 -
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/33ca5e94457a178b.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/33ca5e94457a178b.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..78736e876cf472c0fffd38cc4c20e965169901c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/corpus/humanities/text/33ca5e94457a178b.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+Correction: A Room with a Viewpoint Revisited: Descriptive Norms and Hotel Guests' Towel Reuse Behavior
+
+Correction: A Room with a Viewpoint Revisited: Descriptive Norms and Hotel Guests' Towel Reuse Behavior
+
+Correction
+Correction: A Room with a Viewpoint Revisited:
+Descriptive Norms and Hotel Guests’ Towel Reuse
+Behavior
+The PLOS ONE Staff
+Notice of Republication
+This article was republished on August 6, 2014, to replace chi
+and phi characters that were changed in the paper. The publisher
+apologizes for the errors. Please download this article again to view
+the correct version. The originally published, uncorrected article
+and the republished, corrected article are provided here for
+reference.
+Supporting Information
+File S1.
+Originally published, uncorrected article.
+(PDF)
+File S2.
+Republished, corrected article.
+(PDF)
+Reference
+1. Bohner G, Schlu¨ter LE (2014) A Room with a Viewpoint Revisited: Descriptive
+Norms and Hotel Guests’ Towel Reuse Behavior. PLoS ONE 9(8): e104086.
+doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0104086
+Citation: The PLOS ONE Staff (2014) Correction: A Room with a Viewpoint
+Revisited: Descriptive Norms and Hotel Guests’ Towel Reuse Behavior. PLoS
+ONE 9(8): e106606. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0106606
+Published August 20, 2014
+Copyright:  2014 The PLOS ONE Staff. This is an open-access article
+distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which
+permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided
+the original author and source are credited.
+PLOS ONE | www.plosone.org
+1
+August 2014 | Volume 9 | Issue 8 | e106606
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/348499fb383facd4.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/348499fb383facd4.txt
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+The influence of three-gendered grammatical systems on simultaneous bilingual cognition: the case of Ukrainian-Russian bilinguals – CORRIGENDUM
+
+CORRIGENDUM
+The influence of three-gendered grammatical
+systems on simultaneous bilingual cognition: the
+case of Ukrainian-Russian bilinguals –
+CORRIGENDUM
+Oleksandra Osypenko
+, Silke Brandt and Panos Athanasopoulos
+Corresponding author: Oleksandra Osypenko; Email: o.osypenko@lancaster.ac.uk
+DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/langcog.2024.73, Published online by Cambridge University Press: 10 January
+2025.
+This article was originally published with an incomplete affiliation for one of the authors.
+The affiliation of Panos Athanasopoulos was originally given as Centre for Languages
+and Literature, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. The correct affiliation is Centre for
+Languages and Literature, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, and Department of
+General Linguistics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
+The original article has been updated.
+The authors apologise for this error.
+Reference
+Osypenko, O., Brandt, S., & Athanasopoulos, P. (2025). The influence of three-gendered grammatical systems
+on simultaneous bilingual cognition: the case of Ukrainian-Russian bilinguals. Language and Cognition, 17.
+e25. https://doi.org/10.1017/langcog.2024.73
+Cite this article: Osypenko, O., Brandt, S., & Athanasopoulos, P. (2025). The influence of three-gendered
+grammatical systems on simultaneous bilingual cognition: the case of Ukrainian-Russian bilinguals –
+CORRIGENDUM, Language and Cognition, 17, e36, 1. https://doi.org/10.1017/langcog.2025.6
+© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms
+of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted
+re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.
+Language and Cognition (2025), 17, e36, 1
+doi:10.1017/langcog.2025.6
+terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/langcog.2025.6
+Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 155.69.196.24, on 17 Sep 2026 at 04:53:20, subject to the Cambridge Core
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/35b1b0647b23da02.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/35b1b0647b23da02.txt
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..375334f661629e8f750fe24e92b82c92d698a172
--- /dev/null
+++ b/corpus/humanities/text/35b1b0647b23da02.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,935 @@
+LETRAMENTO(S)/ALFABETIZAÇÃO EM CONTEXTOS MULTILÍNGUES DE ANGOLA E GUINÉ-BISSAU
+
+RESUMO: A Pesquisa em Rede sobre relações raciais, diversidade socio-cultural e interculturalidade em países de língua portuguesa analisa, pelo viés da Análise Crítica do Discurso, segundo Van Dijk, obras literárias, segundo Paulino e Cosson, manuais escolares, segundo Dionísio e Costa Val, e documentos oficiais relacionados a políticas linguísticas e culturais, segundo Calvet. Dessa forma, enfatiza diálogos sul/sul, segundo Santos e Meneses, e Munanga e Gomes, e cooperação horizontal entre países de língua portuguesa, partindo de orientações das Leis brasileiras 10.639/2003 e 11.645/2008, que instituem o estudo da História e Cultura dos africanos e indígenas nas escolas brasileiras. Este texto apresenta duas investigações de mestrado que focalizam tensões entre língua oficial e língua(s) materna(s), nos processos de Letramento(s), em Angola e Guiné-Bissau, desenvolvidas por pesquisadores desses dois países, na Faculdade de Educação da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, no Brasil, que apontam para possibilidades do ensino bilíngue.
+
+391
+Educação em Revista|Belo Horizonte|v.32|n.04|p. 391-412 |Outubro-Dezembro 2016
+LETRAMENTO(S)/ALFABETIZAÇÃO EM CONTEXTOS 
+MULTILÍNGUES DE ANGOLA E GUINÉ-BISSAU
+Aracy Alves Martins*
+Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte - MG, Brasil
+Silvestre Filipe Gomes**
+Universidade Onze de Novembro (UON), Cabinda-Angola
+Virgínia José Baptista Cá***
+Liceu João XXIII, Bissau-Guiné-Bissau
+RESUMO: A Pesquisa em Rede sobre relações raciais, diversidade socio-
+cultural e interculturalidade em países de língua portuguesa analisa, pelo 
+viés da Análise Crítica do Discurso, segundo Van Dijk, obras literárias, 
+segundo Paulino e Cosson, manuais escolares, segundo Dionísio e 
+Costa Val, e documentos oficiais relacionados a políticas linguísticas e 
+culturais, segundo Calvet. Dessa forma, enfatiza diálogos sul/sul, segundo 
+Santos e Meneses, e Munanga e Gomes, e cooperação horizontal entre 
+países de língua portuguesa, partindo de orientações das Leis brasileiras 
+10.639/2003 e 11.645/2008, que instituem o estudo da História e Cultura 
+dos africanos e indígenas nas escolas brasileiras. Este texto apresenta duas 
+investigações de mestrado que focalizam tensões entre língua oficial e 
+língua(s) materna(s), nos processos de Letramento(s), em Angola e Guiné-
+Bissau, desenvolvidas por pesquisadores desses dois países, na Faculdade 
+de Educação da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, no Brasil, que 
+apontam para possibilidades do ensino bilíngue.
+Palavras-chave: Letramento(s). Políticas linguísticas. Língua oficial. Línguas 
+maternas.
+LITERACY (IES) IN ANGOLA AND GUINEA-BISSAU MULTILINGUAL CONTEXTS
+ABSTRACT: The Network Research about racial relationships, sociocultural 
+diversity and interculturality in Portuguese-speaking countries aims at 
+*http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1590/0102-4698164867
+* Doutora em Educação pela Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Professora Associada da 
+Faculdade de Educação. Pesquisadora do Grupo de Pesquisa do Letramento Literário/GPELL, no interior do 
+Centro de Alfabetização, Leitura e Escrita (CEALE). E-mail: <aracymartins60@gmail.com>.
+** Mestre em Educação pela Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Docente e pesquisador do 
+Instituto Superior de Ciências de Educação da Universidade Onze de Novembro, Cabinda-ANGOLA.
+E-mail: <silvestrefilipeg@gmail.com>
+*** Mestre em Educação pela Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Coordenadora Pedagógica no 
+Liceu João XXIII, Bissau-GUINÉ-BISSAU.E-mail: <vina1485@yahoo.com.br>.
+
+Educação em Revista|Belo Horizonte|v.32|n.04|p. 391-412 |Outubro-Dezembro 2016
+392
+analyzing, through the perspective of Critical Discourse Analysis, according 
+Van Dijk, the literary works, according Paulino and Cosson, the school 
+manuals according Dionisio, Costa Val and Marcuschi, and the official 
+documents related to cultural and linguistic policies, according Calvet. 
+Therefore, it emphasizes South/South dialogues, according Santos and others 
+authors, and horizontal cooperation among Portuguese-speaking countries, 
+based on the guidance of Brazilian laws 10.639/2003 and 11.645/2008, that 
+establish the study of African and Indigenous peoples’ history and culture at 
+Brazilian schools. This text presents two Master course researches that focus 
+on tensions between official language and mother tongues in literacy (ies) 
+processes in Angola and Guinea-Bissau, developed by researchers from both 
+countries at Faculty of Education of Federal University of Minas Gerais/
+Brazil, that indicate the possibilities of the bilingual education.
+KEYWORDS: Literacy (ies). Linguistic policies. Official language. Mother tongues.
+Na kal lingu ke n na skirbi 
+Ña diklarasons di amor?
+Na kal lingu ke n na kanta
+Storias ke n kontado?
+[...]
+Pa n kontal na kriol? 
+Na kriol ke n na kontal!
+Em que língua escrever
+As declarações de amor?
+Em que língua cantar
+As histórias que ouvi contar?
+[...]
+Falarei em crioulo?
+Falarei em crioulo!
+(SEMEDO, 1996, p. 11)
+INTRODUÇÃO
+Considerando o conceito de Letramento(s) no Brasil, 
+buscamos em Soares (1998), que construiu o verbete Letramento por 
+encomenda da Unesco, uma conceituação: “Letramento é o estado 
+ou condição de quem não só sabe ler e escrever, mas exerce as 
+práticas sociais de leitura e de escrita que circulam na sociedade 
+em que vive, conjugando-as com as práticas sociais de interação 
+oral” (SOARES, 1999, p. 3, grifo nosso).
+Além disso, pensando em novos convívios, em novas práticas 
+cotidianas, Dionísio (2006, p. 43, grifo nosso) refere-se a Literacia(s)/
+Letramento(s), em Portugal, como: 
+[…] uma prática sociocultural que podemos reconhecer como própria 
+deste “domínio de prática”: a escola. É o reconhecimento da acção de tais 
+processos e dispositivos que cria a possibilidade de, ao falarmos, hoje, de literacia, 
+o fazermos já no plural: literacias ou mesmo multiliteracias, literacias múltiplas, 
+etc.; marca-se, por essa forma, a existência da especificidade das práticas que 
+
+393
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+envolvem o escrito em múltiplos domínios da vida como, por exemplo, a família, 
+os lugares de trabalho, a associação, etc. Desde logo porque, em cada um desses 
+domínios, são visíveis modos “preferidos” de fazer sentidos com os textos, 
+modos particulares de os usar e, mesmo, de sobre eles falar.
+A pesquisa em Rede – Língua e Literatura: relações raciais, 
+diversidade sociocultural e interculturalidade em países de língua 
+portuguesa –, no intuito de dar suporte para a formação de professores 
+da Educação Básica no Brasil, teve início em 2008, por pesquisadores 
+ligados ao Centro de Alfabetização, Leitura e Escrita/Ceale e ao Núcleo 
+de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre Relações Raciais e Ações Afirmativas/
+Nera), da Faculdade de Educação da Universidade Federal de Minas 
+Gerais/FaE/UFMG, envolvidos em atividades pluridisciplinares, no 
+Curso de Especialização para professores da Rede Municipal de Belo 
+Horizonte, da área de “História da África e Culturas Afro-Brasileiras: 
+uma introdução à Lei 10.639/03”1, que estabelece a obrigatoriedade, no 
+Brasil, do estudo da História e das Culturas Afro­-Brasileiras, em todos 
+os níveis de ensino (MUNANGA; GOMES, 2006; SILVA et al., 2008).
+Considerando os Manuais escolares como apoio pedagógico 
+para professores, a pesquisa buscou, inicialmente, analisar manuais 
+do Brasil e de países africanos de língua portuguesa (Angola, Cabo 
+Verde, Guiné-Bissau, Moçambique, São Tomé e Príncipe), buscando 
+compreender os manuais por concepções do(s) Letramento(s), da 
+Cultura, do Currículo, da Formação de Leitores, das Comunidades 
+de Leitores (SOARES, 1998; DIONÍSIO, 2006; ROJO, 2009; 
+FORQUIN, 1993; CASTRO; RODRIGUES; SILVA; SOUSA, 1999; 
+DIONÍSIO, 2000; COSTA VAL; MARCUSCHI, 2005; BUNZEN, 
+2005). Essas análises apontaram para investigar outras facetas, que 
+estabeleceram outros eixos de pesquisa, conforme se lê a seguir.
+O segundo eixo, A produção literária para crianças e jovens, 
+surgiu como proposta de investigação complementar das antologias 
+dos manuais escolares, em contexto de formação de professores e de 
+Letramento Literário, quanto à formação de leitores (professores e 
+alunos) sensíveis e críticos (PAULINO; COSSON, 2009). 
+Além disso, outras questões foram emergindo, pelo ponto de 
+vista de interações horizontais, Sul/Sul, das Epistemologias do Sul 
+(SANTOS et al., 2010), em contextos plurilíngues, em que se estuda 
+na escola somente a língua oficial, instituindo-se o terceiro eixo: 
+Tensão Língua Oficial/Línguas maternas.
+A pesquisa trabalha, teórico-metodologicamente, pelo ponto 
+de vista da Análise Crítica do Discurso – ACD –, procurando perceber 
+a linguagem não somente como uma prática discursiva, mas também, 
+
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+394
+e sobretudo, como uma prática social, ou seja, como um modo de 
+ação pelo qual as pessoas podem agir sobre o mundo, sobre as outras 
+pessoas (FAIRCLOUGH, 2001; VAN DIJK, 2008).
+O presente texto trata, especificamente, das tensões entre 
+línguas, em Guiné-Bissau e Angola2, dentro do terceiro eixo da 
+Pesquisa em Rede: relações entre língua oficial/língua(s) materna(s), 
+em virtude de uma aproximação mais recente e mais concreta com o 
+campo, através de investigações produzidas por dois pesquisadores, 
+integrantes da Pesquisa em Rede, interessados em discutir questões 
+relativas a Contextos Multilíngues em seus países, no Programa 
+de Pós-graduação em Educação: Conhecimento e Inclusão Social, 
+da Faculdade de Educação da UFMG, em Belo Horizonte, Brasil 
+(GOMES, 2014; CÁ, 2015). Nesses dois países, a língua oficial 
+portuguesa coexiste de maneiras diferenciadas com as línguas locais. 
+Por isso, neste texto, é dada a palavra aos dois investigadores, para que 
+os leitores tomem conhecimento do que foi possível problematizar, 
+nesses dois contextos multilíngues, através das suas Dissertações de 
+Mestrado: Língua e ensino em contexto de diversidade linguística e cultural: 
+o caso de Guiné-Bissau (CÁ, 2015); Relações entre língua oficial e línguas 
+locais na escola: como as crianças de aldeias de Cabinda/Angola aprendem o 
+português e em português (GOMES, 2014). 
+Ambas as pesquisas, por uma perspectiva qualitativa, coletaram 
+dados em escolas dos respectivos países: a primeira, partindo da 
+questão “Diante do plurilinguismo constitutivo das práticas orais em 
+Guiné-Bissau, em que sentidos os processos de aquisição da leitura e 
+da escrita de forma monolíngue dificultam ou auxiliam a aquisição de 
+habilidades linguísticas?”, apresenta como objetivo investigar as práticas 
+de alfabetização e letramento presentes nos discursos dos professores 
+alfabetizadores, tendo em vista a diversidade linguística e cultural 
+guineense. Metodologicamente, foi realizado um estudo com duas 
+escolas de Bissau, uma pública e uma escola em Regime de Autogestão, 
+com professoras de primeira classe, composto por observação de sala 
+de aula, análise de materiais e entrevistas semiestruturadas com seis 
+professores das séries iniciais, entre eles: um diretor e uma pedagoga 
+das escolas do Ensino Básico. A segunda, tendo como preocupação a 
+questão “Como as crianças, que, a partir do seio familiar, falam uma 
+língua local angolana de origem africana, aprendem o português?”, 
+produziu seus dados de pesquisa em contato com três escolas do 
+Ensino Primário, localizadas em meios rurais, na periferia de Cabinda-
+Angola, utilizando-se, metodologicamente, de observação em sala de 
+aula, entrevistas às professoras, aos diretores e a alguns encarregados de 
+
+395
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+educação das escolas primárias das três aldeias e no acompanhamento 
+de aulas e dos momentos recreativos dos alunos.
+Para esse debate, outros pesquisadores estabelecem relações entre 
+as línguas locais, a cultura, a oralidade, a cognição e a desenvoltura dos alunos, 
+ensejando políticas linguísticas (SEMEDO, 2010; SCANTAMBURLO, 
+2013; DIALLO, 2007; LOPES FILHO, 2015; CARREIRA, 1984; 
+CARDOSO, 2005; VEIGA, 2004; CALVET, 2007, entre outros). 
+Assim, ao longo deste texto, os leitores conhecerão, através de 
+informações, perguntas e reflexões dos dois pesquisadores (GOMES, 
+2014; CÁ, 2015), as relações entre as línguas locais e a língua oficial – 
+língua do país, da escola, dos documentos –, nos processos de ensino/
+aprendizagem dos alunos em fase de alfabetização e letramento(s), na 
+escola básica, em práticas sociais de diferentes contextos multilíngues: 
+em Guiné-Bissau, várias línguas étnicas guineenses e uma língua 
+nacional; em Angola, línguas locais de origem africana. Após essas 
+duas seções, que buscam apresentar um contexto histórico e, 
+também, perspectivas futuras das Políticas Linguísticas de cada país, 
+há uma seção que tem o objetivo de instaurar uma reflexão entre 
+pesquisadores/educadores sobre a importância da apropriação de 
+aspectos dos processos de Letramento(s) em cada país de língua 
+portuguesa, limite desta pesquisa, com suas especificidades culturais 
+e linguísticas, e não por imposição de concepções generalizantes.
+GUINÉ-BISSAU: LÍNGUAS ÉTNICAS GUINEENSES/LÍNGUA NACIONAL?
+Esta pesquisa teve, primeiramente, acesso a poemas de Guiné-
+Bissau, a partir das contribuições da poeta guineense Odete Semedo 
+(2010), pesquisadora, mencionada na epígrafe, retomada aqui, por 
+sua temática vigorosa e por sua produção literária, propositadamente 
+em duas línguas, crioulo e português, com uma interrogação que 
+inquieta e uma exclamação que grita, com energia, Entre o ser e o amar: 
+Ma kal sinal ke n na disa
+Netus di no djorson?
+N na girtal na kriol
+Pa rekadu pasa di boka pa boka
+Tok i tchiga si distinu
+Mas que sinais deixar 
+Aos netos deste século?
+Em crioulo gritarei
+A minha mensagem que de boca em boca
+Fará a sua viagem 
+(SEMEDO, 1996, p. 11, grifo nosso)
+
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+396
+Segundo Augel (2006, p. 86), “falar na sua língua materna 
+e original, gritar mesmo, é o impulso primeiro do eu poético”, que 
+espera contar com a oratura dos guineenses, como prática social, de 
+boca em boca. O termo oratura é utilizado, aqui, como Semedo (2010, 
+p. 80), “para designar todos os textos da tradição oral, recolhidos 
+e fixados pela escrita: contos, cantigas, provérbios, entre outros”, 
+conforme se lê mais abaixo.
+Amâncio (2008, p. 51) afirma que “a literatura de textos 
+literários da Guiné-Bissau permitiu a percepção da força linguística do 
+crioulo guineense e da tradição oral”. Augel (2006, p. 75) complementa, 
+referindo-se a diferentes manifestações do crioulo na oratura, ou seja, 
+nos contos (storia), nas adivinhas (dibiña), nos provérbios (ditu): 
+Djunbai é um termo crioulo que pode ser traduzido como “convívio” […], de 
+interação social em que se enquadram o narrador ou a narradora de estórias e 
+seu público. Através dessas estórias, afloram de modo plástico e convincente as 
+experiências e vivências das diferentes comunidades culturais que constituem a 
+textura da sociedade guineense. (AUGEL, 2006, p. 80)
+Isso se confirma nas palavras de Semedo (2010, p. 87, grifo 
+nosso), em sua tese de doutorado, quando diz: 
+Hoje, é em crioulo que também se leem poemas de autores modernos, contos da 
+oratura guineense e em crioulo se podem escutar, ainda, canções que denunciam 
+problems sociais e políticos que afetam a população. O crioulo guineense vem se 
+afirmando, a cada dia, como língua da expressão literária guineense, pois mesmo 
+quando não se escreve nessa língua, os textos dos autores se mostram repletos 
+de expressões em crioulo, de frases que, embora escritas na língua portuguesa, 
+revelam a estrutura do crioulo.
+Posteriormente, a maior parte dos dados foi coletada, in loco, 
+em escolas de Bissau, pela pesquisadora da Pesquisa em Rede, Virgínia 
+Cá (CÁ, 2015, p. 22), cuja dissertação questionava inicialmente: “Qual 
+a visão dos professores sobre o fato de a alfabetização em contexto 
+escolar acontecer na segunda língua (a língua portuguesa), e não na 
+língua mais falada (a Língua crioula)?”.
+Historicamente, nos seus estudos etnográficos, trabalhando 
+entre Guiné e Cabo Verde, Carreira, etnógrafo e historiador, refere-
+se ao nascimento dessa língua híbrida “[...] o crioulo, essa importante 
+língua de comunicação verbal falada nas ilhas de Cabo Verde, na 
+Guiné e nas Caraíbas” (Carta de António Carreira a Victor de Sá 
+Machado, em 28/10/1982, Cf. Lopes Filho, 2015, p. 93), que “teria 
+‘nascido’ na ‘Guiné’ e depois levado para as ilhas de Cabo Verde” 
+(CARREIRA, 1984, p. 15).
+
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+Para bem definir o que pode ser chamado de “crioulo”, esse 
+autor considerou como pontos essenciais “determinar cientificamente 
+em que limites o português serviu de suporte lexical ao crioulo 
+cabo-verdiano […] e possuir um conhecimento bastante das línguas 
+africanas que lhe deram as estruturas gramaticais (CARREIRA, 
+1984, p. 10, grifo nosso).
+Nesse sentido, Augel esclarece a opção de Scantamburlo 
+sobre o termo Guineense em lugar do termo crioulo:
+Luigi Scantamburlo, sacerdote italiano, com longos anos de experiência no país, 
+defende a adoção do termo “guineense” para a língua majoritária da Guiné-
+Bissau, pois “esse termo não tem as conotações pejorativas veiculadas pela 
+palavra ‘crioulo’, relativamente ao termo língua, testemunhando, ao mesmo 
+tempo, o prestígio obtido face à sociedade da Guiné-Bissau nestes últimos trinta 
+anos” (SCANTAMBURLO apud AUGEL, 2006, p. 70).
+Segundo Diallo (2007), estima-se em cerca de 20 o número 
+de línguas faladas na Guiné-Bissau, das quais as mais importantes, do 
+ponto de vista numérico, são: Kriol [crioulo], balanta, fula, português, 
+mandinga, manjaku e papel. 
+Os linguistas definem os crioulos como um sistema linguístico em que o léxico é 
+tomado na sua maioria de empréstimos da língua base, a língua do dominador, e 
+as estruturas são resultantes dos substratos das línguas africanas. Foi do contato 
+do português com as línguas étnicas mais correntes naquele território que nasceu 
+o crioulo guineense que acabou se tornando o idioma da unidade nacional. 
+(AUGEL, 2006, p. 70)
+Por outro lado, Scantamburlo (2013, p. 27) apresenta as 12 
+línguas que se fazem presentes em Guiné-Bissau, partindo das mais 
+faladas: Fula, Balanta, Mandinga, Manjaco, Papel, Felupe, Beafada, 
+Bijagó, Mancanha, Nalu, Crioulo Guineense e Português. Além das 
+línguas referidas, existem línguas com poucos números de falantes, 
+como listado em ordem alfabética por Scantamburlo (2013, p. 
+27), “Bagas, Baiotes, Bambarãs, Banhuns, Cassangas, Conhagui, 
+Cobianas (ou Coboianas), Jacancas, Jalofos (ou Wolof), Landumãs, 
+Padjadincas (ou Badjaranca), Saracolés (ou Soninkés), Sereres (ou 
+Nhomincas), Sossos (ou Jaloncas), Tandas, Timenés”. O crioulo é 
+falado por 44,31%, e o português, por 11,08% da população, entre 
+1979 e 2009 (CÁ, 2015, p. 64-65).
+De acordo com os dados da pesquisa de Cá, as línguas faladas 
+pelos alunos da escola pública pesquisada, das quais 30 dos alunos 
+declararam falar a língua crioula em casa, nenhum aluno declarou falar 
+o português e 13 alunos falam línguas maternas, entre elas: Balanta, 
+
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+398
+Biafada, Bijagó, Crioulo, Felupe, Fula, Mancanha, Manjaco, Mansonga, 
+Mandinga, Nalu, Pepel e Sosso. Observa-se, ainda, que, dos 30 alunos, 
+18 declararam falar suas línguas étnicas (CÁ, 2015, p. 137).
+Como se pode perceber, segundo Scantamburlo (2013), Guiné-
+Bissau é um país cuja língua oficial é o português, mas várias línguas 
+nacionais compõem o quadro linguístico do país, entre elas o crioulo, 
+que vem a ser língua do convívio e da interação social. Apesar do 
+prestígio que a língua guineense (crioulo da Guiné) vem conquistando 
+como a língua da interação social e da unidade nacional de maior 
+comunicação entre as pessoas, a língua portuguesa medeia a inserção 
+das crianças guineenses no mundo da cultura escrita escolar, pois “o 
+ensino oficial continua a manter a língua portuguesa como única língua 
+de ensino-aprendizagem” (SCANTAMBURLO, 2002, p. 1).
+Por isso, o questionamento da pesquisadora guineense 
+continua, ao longo do seu trabalho de pesquisa:
+Diante do plurilinguismo constitutivo das práticas orais em Guiné-Bissau, em que 
+sentidos os processos de aquisição da leitura e da escrita de forma monolíngue 
+dificultam ou auxiliam a aquisição de habilidades linguísticas? A exclusão de língua 
+crioula no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, bem como a imposição de língua 
+oficial, há muito vêm sendo apontadas como um dos principais problemas que 
+podem contribuir para o insucesso escolar dos nossos alunos. Diante dessa realidade, 
+trabalhamos com a hipótese de que: o ensino em diálogo com a língua crioula pode 
+facilitar a alfabetização, visto ter grande relevância social e cultural. (CÁ, 2015, p. 22)
+Segundo a mesma pesquisadora, a imposição de uma única 
+língua oficial, ecoando práticas coloniais na contemporaneidade pós-
+colonial, leva-nos a problematizar o ensino do português no processo 
+de alfabetização e as práticas de letramento escolar, desvinculado da 
+língua materna do aprendiz. Nossa pesquisa busca compreender as 
+práticas de letramento envolvidas nos processos de alfabetização de 
+alunos que têm o crioulo como primeira língua (L1) e o português 
+como segunda língua (L2), e como dialogam – ou não – com as 
+práticas plurilíngues em Guiné-Bissau.
+As crianças guineenses entram em contato com o mundo da 
+cultura escrita escolar, sendo privadas dos conhecimentos linguísticos 
+prévios já adquiridos, tanto na aquisição de uma das, aproximadamente, 
+25 línguas pertencentes aos diferentes grupos étnicos que constituem 
+nossa população, como também conhecimentos culturais e práticas de 
+letramento relacionadas ao crioulo, língua nacional (CÁ, 2015, p. 18).
+O nosso interesse por essa questão vem da necessidade 
+de compreender as consequências da política de proibição do uso 
+do crioulo nas escolas no processo de alfabetização e letramento 
+
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+de crianças. Apesar da proibição e da discriminação sofrida pelos 
+estudantes falantes do crioulo, na maioria dos casos, os alunos 
+aprendem a falar primeiro o crioulo para depois aprenderem o 
+português, que é a língua das escolas, dos documentos – desde os 
+tempos coloniais (CÁ, 2015, p. 18).
+A pesquisadora lança mão da sua própria experiência de 
+infância, enquanto aluna, para pensar suas questões de pesquisa: 
+Quando comecei como professora da educação infantil, em Bissau pude perceber 
+a importância da língua crioula na educação básica e como essa língua é importante 
+no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. As crianças tinham muitas dificuldades 
+quando seus processos de alfabetização se davam em português e, muitas vezes, 
+era necessário que eu explicasse em crioulo para uma boa compreensão por parte 
+dos alunos. Isso, porque, de certa forma, para esses alunos, a língua portuguesa é 
+equivalente a uma “língua estrangeira” (LE), mesmo sendo a língua oficial (LO). A 
+realidade desses alunos não se distancia da minha, pois a minha experiência como 
+aluna, de escutar o professor ou diretor dizer que não se pode falar em crioulo, 
+mas somente em português no recinto escolar, me levou a perceber as minhas 
+limitações enquanto falante do português. Meus pais sempre me orientaram para 
+ser responsável nos estudos. Quando tirei notas negativas ou vermelhas, cheguei 
+em casa triste. (CÁ, 2015, p. 19)
+Tal experiência contribuiu para que a pesquisadora levantasse 
+questões relevantes durante a organização da sua pesquisa:
+Embora, nesses cinco anos tenha passado direto sem reprovações, isso não bastava, 
+pois algumas inquietações pairavam sobre a minha mente, a respeito da língua de 
+ensino, e isso despertou em mim as indagações que levantamos neste trabalho. 
+Dentre elas, destacaram-se algumas como principais razões desta discussão:
+a) a obrigatoriedade do uso da língua portuguesa em todas as instituições públicas 
+e privadas; 
+b) a diversidade linguística e cultural dos alunos; 
+c) a língua portuguesa como única língua de ensino-aprendizagem e 
+d) a inclusão das línguas maternas no sistema educativo. (CÁ, 2015, p. 19)
+Segundo depoimentos dos professores entrevistados, os 
+alunos que chegam da zona rural, muitas das vezes, não falam o 
+português nem o crioulo; falam as suas línguas maternas aprendidas 
+no meio familiar, usadas apenas nas suas comunidades e que não têm 
+ligação com a língua portuguesa que se aprende na escola.
+Nessas circunstâncias, em suas reflexões, Cá chega a apontar, 
+em um dos seus subtítulos, a língua como um dos principais fatores que pode 
+contribuir para o insucesso escolar:
+Devido à complexidade que envolve a temática, o fracasso dos alunos deve ser 
+analisado pelos vários fatores e um desses fatores é o linguístico. Muitos alunos 
+
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+400
+abandonam a escola ainda muito novos e apresentam baixos níveis de aprendizagem, 
+porque não têm um domínio satisfatório e nem trazem de casa uma base linguística 
+que lhes permitam um uso equilibrado da língua. A linguagem da escola, a legítima, 
+tem limitado o processo de ensino-aprendizagem desses alunos, sobretudo das 
+camadas populares, principalmente das zonas rurais. (CÁ, 2015, p. 164)
+Após apresentar dados coletados nas duas escolas pesquisadas em 
+Bissau, em que os alunos, que falam o crioulo guineense ou línguas étnicas 
+apreendidas no meio familiar, são confrontados a aprender a língua de 
+ensino e, ao mesmo tempo, o código da língua escrita, como se fosse a 
+Língua Materna, a pesquisadora continua com sua pergunta inicial. 
+É importante buscar saber se indagações como essa já foram 
+levantadas em experiências anteriores.
+Em se tratando de Experiências Anteriores, sabe-se da 
+parceria entre Amílcar Cabral e Paulo Freire, em Guiné-Bissau, 
+assim como em outros países africanos ex-colônias de Portugal, pela 
+ênfase na práxis política, na cultura popular e na educação em sua 
+função libertadora, “uma concepção educacional que leve em conta a 
+revolução cultural” (FREIRE, apud GADOTTI, 2012, p. 119). 
+Amílcar Cabral, dirigente do Partido Africano da Independência 
+da Guiné e Cabo Verde (PAIGC) – a primeira organização de libertação 
+das colônias portuguesas, fundada em 1956 –, insistia na importância 
+de todo revolucionário estudar. Dizia ele: “devemos, portanto, diante 
+das perspectivas favoráveis da nossa luta, estudar cada problema em 
+profundidade e encontrar para ele a melhor solução. Pensar para agir 
+e agir para pensar melhor”. Era o político motivando o pedagógico 
+(CABRAL, 1974, p. 15 apud GADOTTI, 2012, p. 62).
+Embora o governo revolucionário tenha decretado que a 
+alfabetização fosse em português, Freire, educador brasileiro, por 
+uma pedagogia emancipadora/libertadora, considerava mais coerente 
+fazê-la em crioulo, buscando explicitar:
+Nos círculos de cultura tornou-se evidente que os progressos em português, 
+que era a língua oficial do país e das suas escolas, como língua do programa 
+de alfabetização eram extremamente lentos. Esta lentidão deixava claro que o 
+português era completamente alheio às práticas sociais diárias do vilarejo. 
+Os vilarejos não conheciam o português, mesmo na sua forma oral. Os grupos 
+étnicos falam sua língua nativa africana e muitas pessoas, mas não todas, falam 
+crioulo. Esta língua, uma forma de dialeto derivado do português e enriquecido 
+pelas linguagens tradicionais africanas, tornou-se difundida na Guiné-Bissau 
+durante a luta de libertação nacional, quando, justamente, assumiu o papel de 
+língua oral entre os grupos étnicos. Por isso, hoje é considerada a língua nacional 
+do país. (IDAC, 1979, p. 42, grifo nosso)
+
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+Paulo Freire não usava o termo letramento, introduzido 
+posteriormente nesse campo de estudos. Todavia, nesse trecho, 
+emprega a expressão práticas sociais, utilizada por Magda Soares, mais 
+tarde, para conceituar letramento (Cf. SOARES, 1998).
+O Centro de Educação Popular Integrada (CEPI), de 1977 a 
+1984, inspirou-se nas experiências da luta por independência política 
+que, no campo da educação, foram marcadas fortemente pela visão 
+da educação libertadora. Cabral não era só um revolucionário da luta 
+política pela libertação nacional, mas, assim como Freire escreve: “a 
+Amílcar Cabral, educador-educando de seu povo” (CÁ, 2015, p. 98).
+O CEPI colocou o problema da língua de ensino e do ensino da língua 
+nacional, neste caso o português que era, sobretudo, uma língua estrangeira. Na 
+realidade, um guineense deveria “possuir” três línguas- a língua da tabanca, que 
+é em geral a língua da sua etnia, o crioulo-português, língua franca das zonas de 
+mestiçagem cultural como as cidades e seus subúrbios e o português adotado 
+como língua nacional, mas na realidade pouco falado e compreendido nas 
+cidades. (SENA, 1995, p. 75, grifo nosso)
+O resultado alcançado mostrou que esse modelo não deveria 
+limitar-se somente à Educação Popular Integrada, mas que seria 
+necessário levar suas práticas a toda sala de aula. Então, foram 
+substituídos os CEPI pelos Centros Experimentais de Educação 
+e Formação (CEEF), que, por sua vez, entraram com a nova 
+componente: Formação. A falta de outros Projetos, investindo para o 
+desenvolvimento na zona rural, dificultou o avanço do mesmo.
+Durante a vigência dos CEEF, os materiais eram produzidos 
+todos em crioulo, a partir de alfabeto de base lexical portuguesa, 
+porém baseado nos fonemas da língua crioula, com o objetivo da 
+difusão do bilinguismo no ensino guineense.
+As escolas bilíngues do Projeto dos CEEF do INDE 
+(Instituto Nacional para o Desenvolvimento da Educação), do 
+Ministério da Educação, funcionavam em três centros: um centro 
+em Cufar (Catió); outro, em Uno (Ilhas) e em Bará (Canchungo). 
+Os professores e os pesquisadores que participaram do Projeto 
+CEEF produziram diversos trabalhos sobre a experiência, os quais 
+permitem ter uma avaliação consistente dos avanços e das dificuldades 
+encontradas (CÁ, 2015, p. 100-10l).
+O Projeto tinha financiamento da Comunidade Econômica 
+Europeia (CEE), que depois foi transformada na União Europeia 
+(UE). Porém o financiamento era canalizado diretamente pela ONG 
+Centro de Informação Documentação Amílcar Cabral (CIDAC), em 
+Portugal, que geria os fundos e dava apoio técnico. Tinha também 
+
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+402
+apoio técnico e financeiro do Serviço Holandês de Cooperação e 
+Desenvolvimento (SNV). O governo nacional não apoiava o projeto 
+financeiramente. Nas entrevistas realizadas, um dos professores afirma: 
+“E1 – D5: Surgiu a ideia de alfabetização de crianças em crioulo / 
+até porque existia uma metodologia própria para a transição de crioulo 
+para português / que devia ser trabalhada de 1ª a 2ª classe /”.
+Nos dados, nota-se essa mesma constatação, em entrevista feita 
+com técnico-investigador do INDE e pesquisador do Projeto CEEF:
+E2- T.I: Chegamos a uma conclusão / se soubermos articular a língua portuguesa 
+e a língua nacional (crioulo) / com uma dosagem certa neste caso / o resultado 
+pode surpreender / Pensamos que no 1º trimestre de 2ª classe / deve ser introduzida a 
+oralidade (língua portuguesa) com o aluno / assim quando chegar na 3ª classe não terá 
+muito problema com a língua portuguesa. (CÁ, 2015, p. 101-102)
+O problema da escolha da língua em que ocorreria a 
+alfabetização sempre foi, e é, uma das grandes limitações no sistema 
+educativo guineense. Paulo Freire, nas suas visitas ao país, já apontava 
+a importância de a alfabetização acontecer em língua crioula. Freire 
+percebeu a urgência da utilização da língua guineense no processo de 
+ensino-aprendizagem a partir das suas reflexões sobre os processos 
+educativos. Da mesma forma, as experiências dos CEEF mostraram 
+importantes resultados do ensino bilíngue (crioulo/português). 
+O Projeto CEEF deu importante contribuição para a difusão e a 
+valorização da língua nacional. No entanto, ele teve a duração de 
+oito anos até 1994, quando terminou por falta de financiamento. 
+Assim, havia interesse e boa vontade de alguns profissionais em 
+dar continuidade ao Projeto bilíngue. O professor Doutor Luigi 
+Scantamburlo foi um desses profissionais que tiveram a louvável 
+iniciativa de implementar o Projeto de Apoio ao Ensino Bilíngue no 
+Arquipélago das Ilhas Bijagós (PAEBB) (CÁ, 2015, p. 19-20).
+Hoje em dia, é cada vez maior o número de falantes do crioulo 
+e a presença da língua crioula nas escolas é frequente, ainda que ela 
+seja proibida no recinto escolar. A experiência e o conhecimento 
+linguístico da língua crioula por parte das crianças não têm sido 
+explorados no processo de alfabetização (CÁ, 2015, p. 20). 
+Sobre Políticas Linguísticas, em Guiné-Bissau, Diallo 
+(2007 apud CÁ, 2015, p. 94-95) reafirma que não há uma política 
+linguística definida no país; e vai ainda mais longe ao dizer que, apesar 
+de grande prestígio que lhe é atribuído pela Lei, o português convive 
+sobre bases sociais estreitas. Para Fonseca:
+A política linguística em Guiné, através de um decreto-lei 7/2007 de 12 de 
+
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+novembro de 2007, obriga a utilização da língua portuguesa em todas as 
+instituições públicas, nomeadamente nas escolas e, especialmente, dentro da sala 
+de aula e no recinto escolar. (FONSECA, 2011, p. 92 apud CÁ, 2015, p. 95)
+Assim, é preciso definir o papel e o lugar que cada língua 
+ocupa por meio da política linguística. Scantamburlo esclarece que:
+Na Guiné-Bissau o multilinguismo é uma realidade e esta realidade deve ser encarada 
+como uma riqueza e não como uma ameaça à unidade nacional. Além disso, o 
+multilinguismo, se bem gerido, garante aos cidadãos o direito linguístico, que foi 
+reconhecido como um dos direitos fundamentais no Artigo 29 da “Declaração 
+Universal de Direitos Linguísticos”. (SCANTAMBURLO, 2002, p. 40)
+Assim, nos tempos atuais, as perguntas de Cá continuam, em 
+se tratando de Políticas Linguísticas: por que não alfabetizar as crianças 
+também na língua do convívio, da socialização e da interação social 
+do cotidiano, a partir de uma perspectiva plurilíngue? (CÁ, 2015, p. 20).
+ANGOLA: LÍNGUAS LOCAIS DE ORIGEM AFRICANA?
+Com base na investigação do pesquisador angolano Silvestre 
+Gomes, para além do português, existem oito principais línguas 
+angolanas de origem africana, com 90 (noventa) a 100 (cem) 
+variantes, umbundu, kimbundu, kikongo, tchokwé, fiote/ibinda, nganguela, 
+nyaneca-humbi e kwanyama. Nenhuma dessas línguas tem a categoria 
+de oficialidade (status), ficando apenas no plano de relações mais 
+próximas, em nível local (GOMES, 2014, p. 58).
+Sobre Políticas Linguísticas, segundo o pesquisador 
+angolano, há, no seu país, uma experiência-piloto da inserção de 
+línguas locais no Sistema de Ensino, que ainda está na sua fase 
+inicial. Foram aprovados, a título experimental, pela Resolução 3/78, 
+de 23 de Maio de 1987, do Conselho de Ministros, os alfabetos das 
+línguas kikongo, kimbundu, umbundu, cokwe, oxikwanyama e mbunda e suas 
+respectivas regras de transcrição (GOMES, 2014, p. 66). 
+Com a aprovação dos alfabetos e das normas de transcrição das 
+seis línguas, Angola começava um processo de planificação linguística, 
+abrindo, assim, a possibilidade de políticas linguísticas regionais, já que 
+as línguas cujos alfabetos foram aprovados eram de circunscrições 
+regionais. As línguas com alfabetos aprovados pelo Estado estão em 
+vias de ser inseridas no Sistema de Ensino, mas essa inserção precisa 
+de um instrumento legal que possa conferir às referidas línguas um 
+posicionamento social, ou seja, a definição do estatuto dessas línguas. 
+Ao serem inseridas, serão avaliadas em que categoria? Línguas 
+nacionais, línguas co-oficiais? (GOMES, 2014, p. 60).
+
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+404
+Segundo Faulstich (1998), o conceito de planificação linguística 
+se apoia num projeto linguístico coletivo. Por visar à harmonização 
+linguística, a planificação deverá resultar de um consenso social para 
+que seja bem-sucedida. Uma planificação linguística que se paute por 
+um trabalho inclusivo, reunindo as línguas e/ou auscultando os falantes 
+das diversas línguas ou dialetos de uma mesma língua, contribui para 
+o estabelecimento de uma política linguística nacional. Ainda para 
+a autora, a planificação é regulamentada pelas disposições jurídicas 
+que, em matéria de língua, acabam por se constituir num conjunto de 
+regras legisladoras (FAULSTICH, 1998 apud GOMES, 2014, p. 59).
+Nesse sentido, podemos afirmar que a planificação linguística 
+é uma matéria reservada para o Estado, que tem o poder de legislar 
+sobre as questões atinentes à(s) língua(s).
+A partir do momento em que o Estado se preocupa em administrar sua situação 
+linguística, apresenta-se o problema de saber de que meios ele dispõe para isso. 
+Como intervir na forma das línguas? Como modificar as relações entre as línguas? 
+Quais processos que permitem passar de uma política, estágio de escolhas gerais, 
+ao estágio de implementação do planejamento linguístico? (CALVET, 2007, p. 61)
+As respostas às questões apresentadas pelo autor constituem 
+pontos fundamentais para a planificação linguística. Um grupo de 
+pessoas isolado não pode decidir sobre a forma a dar a uma língua. É 
+ao poder estatal que está reservada essa prerrogativa. Quando se fala 
+de padronização de uma língua, está aí implícita a existência de uma 
+variedade de maneiras de falar, e a padronização é o ato e o momento de 
+se escolher qual língua ensinar, qual língua usar nas situações legais e que 
+regras devem ser respeitadas para que seja instituído o conceito de certo e 
+errado. Só o Estado, nas vestes dos poderes que detém sobre os cidadãos, 
+poderá enfrentar qualquer reação, e só ele poderá impor as regras.
+Entretanto, entre outros importantes fatores, como o uso 
+generalizado em várias instâncias sociais, é também por vontade 
+política que outra situação pode se estabelecer, na relação entre as 
+classes sociais, em determinados países, como em África. De acordo 
+com Calvet (2007), os Estados podem promover ou despromover o 
+status de uma determinada língua, o que quer dizer que o prestígio de 
+uma língua não depende da própria língua, mas, sim, dos interesses 
+que a classe dominante tem em relação a essa língua. Assim, um 
+Estado pode determinar, segundo critérios de natureza política, qual 
+ou quais línguas serão alçadas à condição de língua oficial (CALVET, 
+2007 apud GOMES, 2014, p. 56).
+Para uma planificação linguística, Calvet (2007) apresenta 
+os equipamentos necessários para conduzir uma boa política 
+
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+linguística. O primeiro equipamento é a escrita, que deverá obedecer 
+a determinados estágios, começando pela atribuição de um sistema 
+de escrita para línguas ágrafas, o que implica, em primeiro lugar, o 
+estabelecimento de uma descrição fonológica, para, depois, escolher 
+um tipo de escrita: alfabética ou não alfabética, e, se for o caso, o tipo 
+de alfabeto. A segunda fase da escrita será a divulgação do sistema de 
+escrita selecionado, através de abecedários, manuais, da organização 
+de campanhas de alfabetização, da introdução da língua escrita no 
+sistema escolar, no meio gráfico.
+Dentro dessa planificação, falta, ainda, um equipamento, que é 
+o repertório lexical. Calvet (2007) apresenta um segundo equipamento 
+da planificação linguística: o léxico. Todas as línguas possuem 
+um repertório lexical, pois é esse corpus vocabular que permite a 
+comunicação entre os falantes de cada língua, mas, para as línguas 
+que, por via de uma planificação linguística, saem da situação de 
+ágrafas, há uma necessidade de se criarem os canais de compreensão 
+de objetos e ideias vindas de outras culturas e da tecnologia. Aqui 
+se notará a necessidade de se pedir emprestado das outras línguas 
+termos que designam conceitos criados pelo avanço técnico-científico. 
+Em algumas línguas, como kimbundu, umbundu e kikongo, o repertório 
+lexical é mais documentado, por já possuírem dicionários. 
+O esforço do governo para inventariar as línguas tem a ver com 
+a necessidade de se reconhecer Angola não como país monolíngue, 
+mas como um país onde uma variedade grande de línguas locais de 
+origem africana convive com a língua portuguesa, língua que foi 
+adotada como oficial logo após a independência.
+A Constituição de 2010, no Artigo 21, introduz a expressão 
+“línguas angolanas de origem africana: que a Lei promete 
+proteger, valorizar e dignificar como património cultural, e promover 
+o seu desenvolvimento, como línguas de identidade nacional e de 
+comunicação” Constituição (GOMES, 2014, p. 72, grifo nosso).
+Como sua pesquisa foi realizada em Cabinda, o pesquisador 
+acrescenta que, desde 2001, na “Estratégia Integrada para Melhoria 
+do Sistema da Educação (2001-2015)”, o Conselho de Ministros 
+reconhece a língua de Cabinda como diferente do kikongo, ao traçar 
+como uma das tarefas a “edição e produção de 14 títulos (manuais) 
+para alfabetização e pós-alfabetização em língua portuguesa e em 
+línguas nacionais: umbundu, kimbundu, kikongo, tchokwé, ibinda, nganguela, 
+nyaneca-humbi e kwanyama” (CONSELHO DE MINISTROS, 2001, p. 
+30 apud GOMES, 2014, p. 73).
+Desde 2008, o Instituto de Línguas Nacionais (ILN) e o 
+Instituto Nacional de Investigação e Desenvolvimento da Educação 
+
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+406
+(INIDE) vêm realizando seminários em todas as províncias, com 
+vistas à preparação de condições para a inserção das línguas locais 
+de origem africana no Sistema de Ensino. No quadro desses 
+seminários metodológicos, ressaltou-se que o estudo das línguas 
+nacionais e da cultura de cada região constitui elemento essencial 
+para o desenvolvimento de um povo, por caracterizar a identidade 
+dos cidadãos duma determinada zona (GOMES, 2014, p. 74). 
+Em síntese, as questões linguísticas, em Angola, fazem suscitar 
+muitos debates, sobretudo, quando se fala da valorização das línguas 
+angolanas de origem africana. No contexto angolano, a denominação 
+“língua materna” é interpretada como sinônimo de línguas locais de 
+origem africana, mas, na realidade, não são apenas as línguas angolanas 
+de origem africana que podem ser consideradas maternas no contexto 
+linguístico angolano. O português, apesar de ser uma língua de origem 
+externa, é a maior língua materna que se encontra em Angola, pois tem 
+o maior número de falantes, tanto como língua materna, quanto como 
+segunda língua. As línguas locais de origem africana, designadas por 
+muitos como línguas nacionais e maternas, têm um raio de influência 
+muito limitado, não passando do domínio local ou regional, razão por 
+termos adotado, a denominação “línguas locais de origem africana”. 
+O processo de inserção dessas línguas no sistema de educação formal 
+obedece a critérios geográficos ou regionais, evitando conflitos 
+etnolinguísticos; portanto cada zona linguística nacional ensina e 
+aprende a sua língua (GOMES, 2015, p. 77).
+Questões como as implicações políticas, como a definição de 
+um estatuto das línguas locais de origem africana, a sua oficialização 
+como língua de trabalho e de escolarização permanecem abertas. 
+Às implicações políticas se juntam as questões com implicações 
+pedagógicas, como a preparação de materiais didáticos em línguas de 
+origem africana, a tomada de consciência, por parte dos professores, 
+da importância do uso das línguas locais no processo de compreensão 
+dos conteúdos científicos (GOMES, 2014, p. 148). 
+Os mecanismos da inserção de línguas locais de origem 
+africana no ensino, entre outros temas, estão ainda por merecer outros 
+estudos. Do ponto de vista político, é tarefa do Estado a planificação 
+linguística e a adoção de políticas normativas sobre a sistematização 
+e a valorização dessas línguas. Do ponto de vista pedagógico, caberá 
+à escola materializar as políticas concebidas superiormente pelos 
+órgãos governamentais no que toca o ensino em línguas locais 
+de origem africana. Em suma, os resultados desta pesquisa, caso 
+sejam aproveitados pelas autoridades educativas e pela comunidade 
+
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+acadêmica do país, poderão contribuir para a implementação de 
+políticas linguísticas no sistema de ensino (GOMES, 2014, p. 149). 
+ALFABETIZAÇÃO E LETRAMENTO(S)
+Para pensar processos de Literacias(s)/Letramento(s) e 
+Alfabetização em Contextos Multilíngues, as pesquisas apresentadas 
+neste texto trazem produtivas contribuições. Guiné-Bissau centra-se 
+em ricas experiências anteriores de valorização do crioulo – guineense 
+–, enquanto que Angola investe em possibilidades de Políticas 
+Linguísticas a serem implementadas pelo Estado, a fim de responder a 
+questões que permeiam essas discussões, apontando ambos os estudos 
+para uma experimentação educativa plurilíngue, mesmo que seja de 
+modo bilíngue, em que “cada zona linguística nacional”, além da língua 
+oficial, “ensina e aprende a sua língua” (GOMES, 2014, p. 77).
+Em se tratando de todos esses discursos, de todas essas 
+tensões, torna-se fundamental pensar uma formação de professores 
+que possa considerar os processos de Letramento(s) e Alfabetização 
+(SOARES, 1998) como práticas sociais de leitura e escrita, associadas 
+à escolarização dos sujeitos, em seus contextos. 
+Soares (2004), tratando de suas experiências em processos de 
+formação de professores brasileiros, acrescenta que “desnecessário 
+se torna destacar, por óbvias, as consequências, nesse novo quadro 
+referencial, para a formação de profissionais responsáveis pela 
+aprendizagem inicial da língua escrita por crianças em processo de 
+escolarização” (SOARES, 2004, p. 31, grifo nosso).
+Street (2014), escrevendo sobre Letramentos Sociais, 
+tratando do modelo “ideológico” do Letramento, que considera as 
+práticas sociais específicas de leitura e escrita – em contraposição ao 
+modelo “autônomo” de Letramento, que o associa a “progresso” e 
+“civilização” –, ressalta “a importância do processo de socialização 
+na construção do significado do letramento para os participantes”, 
+levando “em conta as percepções locais”, a fim de evitar uma visão 
+“forasteira” do letramento (STREET, 2014, p. 44, 47).
+Compartilhamos desse posicionamento, ao trabalhar com 
+países de língua portuguesa, por uma perspectiva horizontal de 
+cooperação, construindo cada um sua identidade cultural própria, 
+com as concepções do seu convívio, da socialização e da interação 
+social do cotidiano. Sabemos que, em experiências anteriores, Paulo 
+Freire e a equipe do Instituto de Ação Cultural/IDAC – Guiné-
+
+Educação em Revista|Belo Horizonte|v.32|n.04|p. 391-412 |Outubro-Dezembro 2016
+408
+Bissau (FREIRE et al., 1982) já pensavam e agiam assim, pois tinham 
+clareza do papel da assessoria: os assessores não deviam “fazer por”, 
+não deveriam substituir a própria população nem seus dirigentes. A 
+ajuda verdadeira, dizia ele, “é aquela em que os que nela se envolvem 
+se engajam mutuamente, crescendo juntos no esforço comum de 
+conhecer a realidade que buscam transformar” (FREIRE, 1977, p. 16).
+CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS
+Os cinco países africanos de língua portuguesa encontram-
+se em situação semelhante, de multilinguismo, utilizando como 
+oficial a língua da colonização: Angola, Cabo Verde, Guiné-Bissau, 
+Moçambique e São Tomé e Príncipe. No caso moçambicano, por 
+exemplo, em consequência de grandes batalhas sociolinguísticas, 
+segundo o 104o Boletim do Instituto Internacional da Língua 
+Portuguesa/IILP, o Ministério da Educação e Desenvolvimento 
+Humano de Moçambique anunciou, em 18 de março de 2015, que o 
+ensino primário vai usar as 16 línguas nacionais, chamadas de línguas 
+nativas, apontando para o ensino bilíngue.
+Nesse sentido, Diallo, reportando-se a essa questão africana, 
+destaca a importância de uma política linguística como um imperativo 
+pedagógico, levando-se em conta a realidade sociocultural dos alunos:
+Se é verdade que qualquer desenvolvimento procede de uma visão, África deve 
+então dar-se conta de que os seus cidadãos comem, bebem, dormem e sonham 
+através da suas línguas, pelo que o seu desenvolvimento deve ser construído na 
+base do instrumento que exprime da melhor maneira os seus sonhos, interesses, 
+suas necessidades e aspirações. (DIALLO, 2007, p. 26)
+No seu papel de etnógrafo e historiador, Carreira constata: “o 
+problema da adopção de uma língua africana a nível de língua oficial 
+(é o caso de Serra Leoa, de Cabo Verde, da Guiné, etc.) aparenta-se 
+meritório e marca bem o grau de evolução mental de certos sectores 
+cultos dos jovens países” (Carta a Christopher Fyfe, de 19/11/1982, 
+Cf. LOPES FILHO, 2015, p. 102).
+Para o historiador africano Joseph Ki-Zerbo (2009, p. 72), 
+“pensar o Estado, a partir da natureza plurinacional das sociedades, 
+seria necessário, na minha opinião, regressar à alfabetização e à 
+escolarização nas línguas maternas africanas”. Para o autor, alfabetizar 
+nas línguas maternas seria necessário à sociedade africana como um 
+todo (CÁ, 2015, p. 90).
+
+409
+Educação em Revista|Belo Horizonte|v.32|n.04|p. 391-412 |Outubro-Dezembro 2016
+Nesse sentido, este texto, que tratou de duas pesquisas 
+realizadas, no âmbito do terceiro eixo da Pesquisa em Rede – tensão 
+entre língua oficial/línguas maternas – tende a apontar a necessidade 
+de pesquisadores/educadores, bem como administradores e 
+representantes políticos, repensarem os contextos multilíngues 
+africanos de língua portuguesa nos moldes do que pensa Veiga (2004, 
+p. 12), a partir do seu país, não somente quando afirma que “a língua 
+primeira constitui a melhor referência na aprendizagem de uma 
+segunda língua”, mas também, e sobretudo, em relação à Construção 
+do Bilinguismo Funcional: 
+Ao português que já é língua oficial e de situações formais de comunicação, torna-
+se necessário alargar o seu ensino e conferir-lhe o estatuto de língua do quotidiano 
+informal, em paridade com a Lcv [Língua Caboverdiana]. Quanto à Lcv que já é 
+língua do quotidiano informal, há que se reconhecer-lhe o estatuto oficial em 
+paridade com a Lp, reforçar o seu uso formal e implementar o seu ensino, do 
+primário ao universitário […] Tal política linguística é uma exigência da nossa 
+história, da nossa cultura, da nossa identidade (VEIGA, 2004, p. 129, grifo nosso).
+Dessa forma, será possível a cada país, repensando a 
+especificidade dos seus aspectos histórico-culturais, considerar tanto 
+o valor histórico/simbólico da Língua da Colonização, quanto o valor 
+cognitivo/cultural das Línguas Locais. 
+REFERÊNCIAS 
+AMÂNCIO, I. M. C.; GOMES, N. L.; JORGE, M. L. S. Literaturas africanas e afro-
+brasileira na prática pedagógica. Belo Horizonte: Autêntica, 2008.
+AUGEL, M. P. O crioulo guineense e a oratura. Scripta, Belo Horizonte, v. 10, n. 19, p. 
+69-91, 2006.
+BUNZEN, C. S; ROJO, R. H. R. Livro didático de Língua Portuguesa como gênero do 
+discurso: autoria e estilo. In: COSTA VAL, M. da G.; MARCUSCHI, B. (Org.). Livros 
+didáticos de Língua Portuguesa: letramento e cidadania. Belo Horizonte: CEALE/
+Autêntica, 2005. p. 73-118.
+CÁ, V. J. B. Língua e ensino em contexto de diversidade linguística e cultural: o 
+caso de Guiné-Bissau. 2015. 175 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação) – FAE - UFMG, 
+Belo Horizonte. 2015. Disponível em: <http://www.bibliotecadigital.ufmg.br/dspace/
+handle/1843/BUBD-9XCK5W>. Acesso em: 6 abr. 2015.
+CALVET, L-J. As políticas linguísticas. São Paulo: Parábola Editora, 2007. 
+CARDOSO, A. J. As interferências linguísticas do caboverdiano no processo de 
+aprendizagem do português. 2005. 335 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Relações Interculturais) 
+– Universidade Aberta, Lisboa. 2005. Disponível em: <https://repositorioaberto.uab.pt/
+bitstream/10400.2/633/1/LC225.pdf>. Acesso em: 6 abr. 2015.
+
+Educação em Revista|Belo Horizonte|v.32|n.04|p. 391-412 |Outubro-Dezembro 2016
+410
+CARREIRA, A. O Crioulo de Cabo Verde, Surto e Expansão. 2. ed. Lisboa: Autor, 1984.
+CASTRO, R. V.; RODRIGUES, A.; SILVA, J. L.; SOUSA, M. de L. D. (Ed.). Manuais 
+escolares: Estatuto, funções, história. In: ENCONTRO INTERNACIONAL SOBRE 
+MANUAIS ESCOLARES, 1., Braga. Atas... Braga: Universidade do Minho, 1999. 
+COSTA VAL, M. da G.; MARCUSCHI, B. Livros didáticos de língua portuguesa: 
+letramento, inclusão e cidadania. Belo Horizonte: Autêntica, 2005. 
+DIALLO, I. Guiné-Bissau: Que papel e que lugar para as línguas nas políticas nacionais de 
+desenvolvimento e estratégias de integração subregional? Bissau: INEP, 2007.
+DIONÍSIO, M. de L. T. A construção escolar de comunidades de leitores: leituras do 
+manual de Português. Coimbra: Almedina, 2000.
+DIONÍSIO, M. de L. T. Facetas da literacia: processos da construção do sujeito letrado. 
+Educação em Revista, Belo Horizonte, v. 44, p. 41-67, 2006.
+FAIRCLOUGH, N. Discurso e mudança social. Brasília: Universidade de Brasília, 2001.
+FORQUIN, J-C. Escola e cultura: as bases sociais e epistemológicas do conhecimento 
+escolar. Tradução de Guacira Lopes Louro. Porto Alegre: Artes Médicas, 1993.
+FREIRE, P. Cartas à Guiné-Bissau: registros de uma experiência em processo. Rio de 
+Janeiro: Paz e Terra, 1977.
+GADOTTI, M. Segunda Parte. Paulo Freire na África: Encontro da pedagogia freiriana 
+com a práxis política de Amílcar Cabral. In: ROMÃO, J. E. (Org.). Paulo Freire e Amílcar 
+Cabral: a descolonização das mentes. São Paulo: Editora e Livraria Instituto Paulo 
+Freire, 2012. p. 55-107. Disponível em: <http://www.acervo.paulofreire.org:8080/jspui/
+bitstream/7891/35 91/1/FPFPTPF12094.pdf>. Acesso em: 11 set. 2015.
+GOMES, S. F. Relações entre língua oficial e línguas locais na escola: como as 
+crianças de aldeias de Cabinda/Angola aprendem o português e em português. 2014. 154 f. 
+Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação) – FAE - UFMG, Belo Horizonte. 2014. Disponível 
+em: <http://www.bibliotecadigital.ufmg.br/dspace/handle/1843/BUOS-9N5LDM>. 
+Acesso em: 6 abr. 2015.
+IDAC (Instituto de Ação Cultural). Guiné-Bissau ‘79: Learning by living and doing. 
+Geneve: Instituto de Ação Cultural, 1979.
+IILP – Instituto Internacional da Língua Portuguesa. Boletim 104. 18 março 2015. 
+Disponível em: <https://iilp.wordpress.com/2015/03/18/ensino-primario-mocambicano-
+sera-ministrado-nas-16-linguas-nativas-a-partir-de-2017/>. Acesso em: 6 abr. 2015.
+KI-ZERBO, J. Para quando a África? Entrevista com René Holenstein. Tradução de Carlos 
+Aboim de Brito. Rio de Janeiro: Pallas, 2009. 172 p.
+LOPES, J. de S. M. Poesia e etnicização nos livros didáticos de português: um estudo 
+comparativo Moçambique e Brasil Curitiba: Editora CRV, 2014.
+LOPES FILHO, J. António Carreira: Etnógrafo e Historiador. Praia: Fundação João 
+Lopes, 2015.
+MACIEL, F. Aprender a ler e a escrever em São Tomé e Príncipe: análise de Manuais 
+Escolares. In: CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL DA AILP, 4., 2014, Macau. Resumos… 
+Universidade de Macau, Macau, China, 2014.
+MUNANGA, K.; GOMES, N. L. O Negro no Brasil de Hoje. Global: São Paulo, 2006.
+PAULINO, G.; COSSON, R. Letramento literário: para viver a literatura dentro e fora da 
+escola. In: ZILBERMAN, R.; RÖSING, T. (Org.). Escola e leitura: velha crise; novas 
+alternativas. São Paulo: Global, 2009. p. 61-80.
+
+411
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+ROJO, R. H. R. Letramentos múltiplos, escola e inclusão social. São Paulo: Parábola 
+Editorial, 2009.
+SANTOS, B. S.; MENESES, P. (Org.). Epistemologias do Sul. São Paulo: Cortez, 2010.
+SCANTAMBURLO, L. Dicionário do Guineense: dicionário guineense – português; 
+dicionário guinensi-purtuguis. v. 2. Lisboa: Colibri; Guiné-Bissau: FASPEBI, 2002.
+SCANTAMBURLO, L. O Léxico do Crioulo Guineense e as suas Relações com o 
+Português: o Ensino Bilingue Português-Crioulo Guineense. 2013. 358 f. Tese (Doutorado 
+em Linguística) – Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa. 2013. Disponível em: <http://
+www.clunl.edu.pt/pt/?det=833&section=&title=Dissertacoes-de-Doutoramento-2003-
+2014&id=1448&mid>. Acesso em: 11 set. 2015.
+SEMEDO, M. O. C. Entre o ser e o amar. Bissau: INEP, 1996.
+SEMEDO, M. O. C. S. As Mandjuandadi: Cantigas de Mulher na Guiné-Bissau: da 
+tradição oral à literatura. 2010. 452 f. Tese (Doutorado em Literaturas de Língua Portuguesa 
+– Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais/PUC-MG, Belo Horizonte. 2010. 
+Disponível em: <http://www.biblioteca.pucminas.br/teses/LetrasSemedoMO1.pdf>. 
+Acesso em: 6 abr. 2015.
+SENA, L. de. Uma experiência de integração da educação na Guiné-Bissau. Soronda. 
+Revista de Estudos Guineenses, Bissau, n. 19, p. 63-88, 1995.
+SILVA, P. V. B. da; ROSEMBERG, F. Brasil: lugares de negros e brancos na mídia. In: VAN 
+DIJK, T. Racismo e discurso na América Latina. São Paulo: Contexto, 2008. p. 73-119.
+SOARES, M. Letramento: um tema em três gêneros. Belo Horizonte: Autêntica, 1998.
+SOARES, M. Português: uma proposta para o letramento. Livro do Professor. São Paulo: 
+Moderna, 1999.
+SOARES, M. Letramento e alfabetização: as muitas facetas. Revista Brasileira de 
+Educação, v. 25, p. 5-17, 2004. Disponível em: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-
+24782004000100002>. Acesso em: 11 set. 2015.
+STREET, B. Letramentos sociais: abordagens críticas do letramento no desenvolvimento, 
+na etnografia e na educação. São Paulo: Parábola Editora, 2014. 
+VAN DIJK, T. A. Racismo e discurso na América Latina. São Paulo: Contexto, 2008.
+VEIGA, M. A Construção do Bilinguismo. Praia-Cabo Verde: Instituto da Biblioteca 
+Nacional e do Livro, 2004.
+NOTAS
+1 A Lei 10.639/03 foi atualizada pela Lei 11.645/08, evidenciando os estudos sobre os afro-
+brasileiros e os indígenas.
+2 Sobre os outros países africanos de língua portuguesa, Cabo Verde, Moçambique e São 
+Tomé e Príncipe (aqui não estamos considerando ainda, por falta de dados, Guiné Equatorial, 
+que adotou recentemente a língua portuguesa), ver outros estudos, como, por exemplo: 
+Veiga (2004); Lopes (2014); Maciel (2014).
+Submetido: 03/06/2016
+Aprovado: 03/08/2016
+Contato:
+Aracy Alves Martins
+
+Educação em Revista|Belo Horizonte|v.32|n.04|p. 391-412 |Outubro-Dezembro 2016
+412
+Rua Bom Jesus da Penha, 689, Bloco 39, 
+apto. 203 Bairro Santa Terezinha
+Belo Horizonte|MG|Brasil 
+CEP 31.365-190
+Silvestre Filipe Gomes
+Universidade Onze de Novembro / UON
+Rua Comendador Herinque Serrano
+Bairro Marie Nguabi 
+Cabinda-ANGOLA
+CP 380
+Virgínia José Baptista Cá
+Bairro Militar / Plak 1
+Bissau
+GUINÉ-BISSAU
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/38c6480a5117aa79.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/38c6480a5117aa79.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4c9f74a11c31818a2950240500a41aecd552074e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/corpus/humanities/text/38c6480a5117aa79.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+Corrigendum: From a View of the Hospital as a System to a View of the Suffering Patient
+
+[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.800603.].
+
+CORRECTION
+published: 11 April 2022
+doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.898656
+Frontiers in Public Health | www.frontiersin.org
+1
+April 2022 | Volume 10 | Article 898656
+Approved by:
+Frontiers Editorial Office,
+Frontiers Media SA, Switzerland
+*Correspondence:
+Gillie Gabay
+Gillie.gabay@gmail.com
+Specialty section:
+This article was submitted to
+Public Health Education and
+Promotion,
+a section of the journal
+Frontiers in Public Health
+Received: 17 March 2022
+Accepted: 18 March 2022
+Published: 11 April 2022
+Citation:
+Gabay G and Ben-Asher S (2022)
+Corrigendum: From a View of the
+Hospital as a System to a View of the
+Suffering Patient.
+Front. Public Health 10:898656.
+doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.898656
+Corrigendum: From a View of the
+Hospital as a System to a View of the
+Suffering Patient
+Gillie Gabay* and Smadar Ben-Asher
+Achva Academic College, Arugot, Israel
+Keywords: hospital directors, patient-centered care, salutogenics, suffering, tertiary public hospitals, values of
+care, narrative, vignette
+A Corrigendum on
+From a View of the Hospital as a System to a View of the Suffering Patient
+by
+Gabay,
+G.,
+and
+Ben-Asher,
+S.
+(2022).
+Front.
+Public
+Health
+9:800603.
+doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.800603
+Incorrect Author Name
+An author name was incorrectly spelled as Smadar Ben Asher. The correct spelling is
+Smadar Ben-Asher.
+The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions
+of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.
+Publisher’s Note: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of
+their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in
+this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
+Copyright © 2022 Gabay and Ben-Asher. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons
+Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s)
+and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted
+academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/396bc4e95170c534.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/396bc4e95170c534.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f556580742538b4b58d653b372049fc5e10e701e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/corpus/humanities/text/396bc4e95170c534.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,1202 @@
+Pain Asymbolia as Depersonalization for Pain Experience. An Interoceptive Active Inference Account
+
+“The feeling that our subjective experiences are bound to a ‘real me’ or ‘self’ inside our body is a key feature of the human mind”. “Mineness “ also called “Subjective Presence” or “Personalisation” is the feeling that experiences belong to a continuing self. This paper argues that the mineness is produced by processes of interoceptive active inference that model the self as the underlying cause of continuity and coherence in affective experience. A key component of this hierarchical processing system, and hub of affective self-modeling is activity in the anterior insula cortex. I defend the account by applying it to the phenomenon of pain asymbolia, a condition in which nociceptive signals (of bodily damage) are not attributed to the self. Thus pain asymbolia is a form of “depersonalisation for pain” as Klein puts it. The pain is experienced as happening to my body but is not experienced as mine. Thus we can describe it as loss of subjective presence or “mineness” for the experience of pain.
+
+HYPOTHESIS AND THEORY
+published: 29 October 2020
+doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.523710
+Edited by:
+Francesca Ferri,
+University of Studies G. d’Annunzio
+Chieti and Pescara, Italy
+Reviewed by:
+Anil K. Seth,
+University of Sussex, United Kingdom
+Vivien Ainley,
+University of London, United Kingdom
+*Correspondence:
+Philip Gerrans
+philip.gerrans@adelaide.edu.au
+Specialty section:
+This article was submitted to
+Theoretical and Philosophical
+Psychology,
+a section of the journal
+Frontiers in Psychology
+Received: 30 April 2020
+Accepted: 10 September 2020
+Published: 29 October 2020
+Citation:
+Gerrans P (2020) Pain Asymbolia
+as Depersonalization for Pain
+Experience. An Interoceptive Active
+Inference Account.
+Front. Psychol. 11:523710.
+doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.523710
+Pain Asymbolia as Depersonalization
+for Pain Experience. An Interoceptive
+Active Inference Account
+Philip Gerrans*
+Department of Philosophy, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
+“Mineness,” also called “subjective presence” or “personalization,” is the feeling that
+experiences belong to a continuing self. This article argues that mineness is produced by
+processes of interoceptive active inference that model the self as the underlying cause of
+continuity and coherence in affective experience. A key component of this hierarchical
+processing system and hub of affective self-modeling is activity in the anterior insula
+cortex. I defend the account by applying it to the phenomenon of pain asymbolia, a
+condition in which nociceptive signals (of bodily damage) are not attributed to the self.
+Thus, pain asymbolia is a form of “depersonalization for pain” as Klein puts it. The pain
+is experienced as happening to my body but is not experienced as mine. Thus, we can
+describe it as loss of subjective presence or “mineness” for the experience of pain.
+Keywords: interoception, self-awareness, depersonalization, predictive processing, pain asymbolia
+INTRODUCTION
+The topic of this article is a form of experience variously baptized “subjective presence,”
+“mineness,” or “personalization” (Seth et al., 2011; Seth, 2013; Billon, 2017a; Guillot, 2017).
+As the name suggests, it refers to the feeling that experiences belong to a continuing self or
+comprise autobiographical episodes. The nature and even existence of this elusive phenomenon are
+contested. However, one important reason for thinking that this form of experience is a genuine
+phenomenon is a pathological condition in which subjects claim that experiences feel as though
+they do not “belong to them.” In such cases, subjects are not in doubt that they are the subject of
+experience, sensory, bodily, or cognitive, but they report feeling as though the experience is not
+“theirs.” Such experiences comprise the essence of disorders of depersonalization. These disorders
+suggest that the feeling of mineness has a distinct phenomenological signature, which can be lost in
+some conditions, and invites investigation of its causes and typical and atypical manifestation.
+As Alexandre Billon puts it:
+“Every sensation has such a coefficient; we do not notice it, always encountering it; we need to be confronted
+with exceptional and pathological cases (. . .) to notice it and measure its importance (Billon, 2017a).
+As a way to develop an account of this experience, I focus on a condition called pain asymbolia,
+aptly described by Klein (2015) as “depersonalization for pain.” In pain asymbolia, subjects report
+feeling detached from painful experience as though it is happening in their body but is not “theirs.”
+It presents as a case of loss of “mineness” for the experience of pain. Pain asymbolia is of particular
+interest because pain is a bodily state that is normally felt as urgently belonging to the self. For
+example, Descartes thought it as one of the bodily states that “teach me that. . . I compose a
+single thing with it [my body].” Wittgenstein’s anti-Cartesian meditations on pain were devoted
+Frontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org
+1
+October 2020 | Volume 11 | Article 523710
+
+Gerrans
+Self Awareness in Pain Asymbolia
+to explaining the intuition that one could not be in doubt that one
+was the subject of painful experience. “It is nonsense to say that
+“I know I am in pain” as it means nothing more than that “I am
+in pain” (Philosophical Investigations 246).
+The account of pain asymbolia I provide situates it in the
+framework of active inference theories of embodied selfhood,
+emotion, affect, and self-awareness (Friston et al., 2011;
+Limanowski and Blankenburg, 2013; Pezzulo et al., 2015; Barrett
+et al., 2016; Seth and Friston, 2016; Kirchhoffet al., 2018).
+One version of that framework is proposed by Hohwy and
+Michael (2017). They argue that experience of embodied selfhood
+is the product of an inference about the hidden causes of
+interoceptive (representation of states of the internal milieu)
+experience. On their view, the mind integrates signals from
+disparate interoceptive channels by inferring that they have a
+common origin in a unified entity: a bodily self.
+This account forms part of an active inference account that
+treats cognition and action as a hierarchically integrated suite of
+processes whose goal is reduction of variational free energy. On
+this account, cognition is the iterative use of generative models
+(representations) to predict the consequences of actions taken to
+optimize organismic functioning (Friston, 2010; Hohwy, 2013;
+Pezzulo et al., 2015). Discrepancies between predicted and actual
+sensory consequences of action, signaled as prediction errors,
+entrain the next round of action to reduce error or optimize the
+model. The active inference theory tells us that prediction error
+is best minimized over the long term by attributing internally
+generated interoceptive sensations to a stable, unified entity, a self
+(Limanowski and Blankenburg, 2013; Hohwy and Michael, 2017;
+Letheby and Gerrans, 2017). This process of self-modeling creates
+a basic bodily form of self-awareness.
+As Anil Seth puts it:
+“Mental representations of selfhood are ultimately grounded in
+representations of the body, with the internal physiological milieu
+providing a primary reference—a ‘material me”’ (Seth, 2014).
+As suggested by Seth, material me provides an anchor for
+other forms of self-representation. Sensorimotor control, agency,
+perceptual perspective, and explicit narrative self-representation
+are cognitive processes that require a form of implicit or explicit
+self-representation: a model of the entity that sustains the relevant
+process. The basic sense of being the continuing subject of
+experience on whose behalf all these activities are performed
+is the awareness of material me and underpins other forms of
+self-representation and awareness.
+The
+explanation
+of
+mineness
+and
+its
+absence
+in
+depersonalization I propose focuses attention on a particular
+form of interoceptive self-representation, namely, affective
+self-representation. In affective self-representation, the mind
+models the bodily self as the source of affective experience and
+target of affective regulation. This level of self-modeling produces
+the experience of being the person/entity whose affective states
+modulate as her goals are realized or frustrated in action. We can
+call this the experience of being affective me.
+At still higher levels of self-modeling, we deploy explicit
+conceptual or imagistic representations of the self. This is the level
+at which we self-attribute character and personality traits using a
+self-concept. We can call this self-model narrative me because it
+models the self as the protagonist of a recountable autobiography
+(Schechtman, 2011; Goldie, 2011).
+Affective me and interoceptive me are very closely related,
+because affective experience is a form of interoceptive experience.
+However, they are distinguishable, particularly in conditions such
+as depersonalization in which they dissociate. These conditions
+do not seem to be the result of loss of interoceptive or other
+basic capacities for body sensation and regulation. Rather, I
+shall argue that depersonalization is the result of a failure of
+affective self-modeling resulting from impairment in the neural
+substrates of affective me. Someone with depersonalization
+experience has the intractable experience of an intact material and
+narrative me, combined with hypoactivity in the circuitry that
+sustains affective me.
+The concept of an affective me produced by interoceptive
+active inference integrates and synthesizes ideas advanced in
+different forms by a variety of theorists across disciplines
+of psychiatry neuroscience cognitive science and philosophy.
+I first explain the concept of interoceptive active inference
+and show how it explains (i) how interoception and affective
+experience are related via the process of hierarchical self-
+modeling, (ii) how the framework explains the role of the
+anterior insula cortex (AIC) in producing the experience
+of “mineness,” “subjective presence,” or “personalization” of
+experience. I then apply the framework to the explanation of
+pain aysmbolia. Pain asymbolia is a case in which nociceptive
+signals (of bodily damage) are not integrated with affective
+signals because of hypoactivity in the anterior insula. The
+mind, however, predicts that affective me will feel distress as
+a consequence of pain/nociception. The result is a prediction
+error that cannot be resolved because relevant affective and self-
+modeling mechanisms are deactivated. As a result, when an
+experience of pain, predicted to have a strong affective signature,
+does not produce affect, the subject feels as though it is not
+happening to her.
+MATERIAL ME: INTEROCEPTION AS
+ALLOSTATIC ACTIVE INFERENCE
+Interoceptive and affective states have a common basis in
+allostatic (action to optimize internal body states in context)
+regulation. Allostasis is a refinement of the concept of
+homeostasis, which implies a reflexive return to an optimal
+“set point” for levels of basic bodily function such as blood
+oxygenation. Allostasis extends that concept, recognizing that
+optimality for some variables requires variation according to
+context rather than maintenance of a single optimal set point. In
+fact, it can be helpful to think of homeostasis and allostasis as on a
+continuum of flexibility. Some functions (like blood oxygenation)
+have very tight parameters and are context insensitive. Others
+(like blood pressure) need to fluctuate more widely to sustain
+viability of the organism. Thus, some variables representing
+body state are monitored not only in relation to a homeostatic
+set point, but also in relation to their departure from a level
+predicted as optimal in context (Barrett and Simmons, 2015;
+Frontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org
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+Self Awareness in Pain Asymbolia
+Barrett et al., 2016; Corcoran and Hohwy, 2017; Kleckner et al.,
+2017). Allostasis thus introduces an element of forecasting to
+homeostatic regulation.
+“Interoception and homeostatic regulation are inevitably linked
+and form a closed loop: tuning the set points of homeostatic reflex
+arcs depends on accurate allostatic predictions about future bodily
+states; these predictions, in turn, depend on accurate inference about
+current bodily states” (Stephan et al., 2016).
+Interoception is the integrated representation of information
+about states of very basic, dynamically controlled, bodily
+processes such as blood oxygenation and endocrine and
+electrolyte balance for the purpose of allostatic regulation. In
+order to regulate the body, interoception models the hidden
+causes of allostatic fluctuations by attributing them to a
+unified entity (Limanowski and Blankenburg, 2013; Moutoussis
+et al., 2014; Sel, 2014; Barrett, 2017; Seth and Tsakiris,
+2018; Wiese, 2018). The unified hidden cause of allostatic
+variation along multiple dimensions tracked and integrated in
+interoception is material me.
+Interoception effectively integrates disparate streams of
+information about basic bodily regulation to inform us of
+global organismic state relative to predicted state. As Seth and
+Tsakiris (2018) point out, we feel the results of dehydration,
+poisoning or deoxygenation, but the effects are felt globally at
+the level of conscious awareness in sensations such as fatigue.
+When we attend to states such as thirst or fatigue, we do not
+succeed in more precisely representing the causal structure of
+the entities responsible for the experience (for example, the
+molecular mechanisms of dehydration or shifts in the production
+of metabolites and effects on neurotransmission). Rather, the
+goal is to establish the degree of departure from optimality of
+a global feeling state so that we can manage it at the systemic
+level (e.g., by drinking or resting). Interoceptive experience thus
+provides a personal-level proxy for the regulation of low-level
+homeostatic/allostatic variables whose mechanisms are opaque
+to introspection Joffily and Coricelli, 2013). The predictive or
+forecasting aspect is introduced by the need to regulate, by
+anticipating interoceptive fluctuations, and to evaluate actual
+state against those predictions. In other words, when we feel
+fatigue, we feel overall energy depletion relative to a prediction
+of optimal energy levels for that context. Interoceptive regulation
+uses experience to predict
+“how an action would affect physiological homeostasis, given a
+model” (Seth and Tsakiris, 2018).
+The idea that interoception is experienced as a systemic
+non-localized
+phenomenon
+connects
+with
+an
+interesting
+metaphysical point made by Wiese (2018) in his discussion
+of self-representation and predictive coding. Like Letheby
+and Gerrans (2017) and Hohwy and Michael, he argues that,
+phenomenologically, the self seems to be a substance: an enduring
+entity that underlies changing sensations and perceptions. Wiese
+points out, however, that interoceptive experience does not
+specify a particular localizable entity in a way that allows
+further discovery by the attentive deployment of perception or
+theoretical inference, because there is no concrete (by which he
+means spatiotemporally located) object of interoception to focus
+on. Wiese has an intricate and sophisticated predictive processing
+account of the sense of being the subject of experience as an
+“abstract enduring object” to which experience is salient. Abstract
+because it is a higher-order amodal integrator of lower-order
+information streams, and enduring because it represents the
+continuing entity in which those streams cohere.
+“the apparent substantiality of the phenomenal self is explained
+by a structural feature of this salience model: it binds different
+dimensions
+of
+salience
+by
+representations
+of
+higher-order
+dimensions of salience (just as more abstract object representations
+bind representations of perceptual features in predictive processing
+accounts of feature binding)” (Wiese, 2018).
+The
+similarity
+between
+material
+me,
+qua
+object
+of
+interoception, and objects of perception is their explanatory
+role as underlying hidden cause of coherence in experience. The
+difference between material me and objects of visual perception
+is the non-concreteness of material me. Seth and Tsakiris make a
+similar point to Weise.
+“instrumental (control-oriented) interoceptive inference plausibly
+underlies a phenomenology related to the evaluation of the allostatic
+consequences of regulatory actions. A non-localized, non–object-
+based phenomenology associated with both mood and emotion, and
+with the pre-reflective (i.e., non-reflexive) self-related experience of
+being an embodied organism (Seth and Tsakiris, 2018).
+AFFECTIVE ME: EMOTION AS
+INTEROCEPTIVE ACTIVE INFERENCE
+So far, we have only explained why interoception creates “the pre-
+reflective self-related experience of being an embodied organism”
+as Seth and Tsakiris put it. The short answer is that allostatic
+regulation requires us to experience ourselves in interoception as
+an integrated entity to serve as the target of regulation. However,
+we have not begun to explain (i) how it is that interoception is
+associated with mood and emotion and (ii) how it is that this
+account can be mobilized to explain how people can feel detached
+from their bodily experiences in cases of depersonalization
+and pain asymbolia.
+To do so, we need to explain the higher levels and dimensions
+of interoceptive self-modeling. The starting point is to note
+that some signals of body state are “vital signs.” Fatigue,
+sustained high temperature, or intractable nociception threatens
+the organism and requires urgent action. Consequently, we
+have evolved the capacity to feel such states, not simply as
+perturbations of body state, but as urgently motivating. Affective
+processes provide this “feeling of what matters” to slightly modify
+Antonio Damasio’s phrase.
+Damasio’s account is a neo (William) Jamesian account
+of emotion, affect, and self-awareness that grounds all these
+experiences in bodily processing. The history of this idea and the
+way it is expressed are not uniform across the disciplines. Not
+everyone is using terms the same way. So, somewhat stipulatively,
+let me say I am using the term self-awareness to refer to a
+feeling of being the entity whose continued life underpins other
+Frontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org
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+Self Awareness in Pain Asymbolia
+forms of experience. I use the term representation to refer to
+information-bearing structures. There is no implication that the
+content of such structures is always consciously experienced.
+Thus, self-representation can be conscious or unconscious, but
+self-awareness is experienced. And I use emotion in a standard
+way derived from analysis of prototypical episodes of mental life
+(for example sadness, nostalgia, anger) that are evaluative and
+motivational, have characteristic bodily and behavioral indices,
+and are, typically, felt (Deonna and Teroni, 2012). I use the term
+affect to refer to a form of experience that carries emotional
+content. Thus, affect is common to emotion, which usually has
+an identifiable eliciting object, and mood, which does not. The
+feeling of anxiety can be part of an episode of emotion (anxiety
+about a specific forthcoming event) or, in the case of anxious
+mood, a feeling of hypervigilance and uncertainty without a
+particular object.
+The idea that emotional episodes have evaluative, behavioral,
+cognitive, and affective components is part of the appraisal theory
+of emotion (Scherer, 2004; Grandjean et al., 2008). On this theory,
+emotional processes evaluate (appraise) the relevance of events
+(including internal events such as allostatic prediction error)
+for the organism. We might say that cognition and perception
+represent aspects of the world, and emotional processes represent
+the significance of that information for the well-being of the
+organism. And to do so, they need to model the organism as
+an entity with goals realized or frustrated in action (including
+internal regulatory action) (Scherer, 2004; Kalisch et al., 2006;
+Grandjean et al., 2008; Kalisch, 2009; Brosch and Sander, 2013).
+This explains the subtle relationship between affective
+processing and interoception. Interoception integrates and
+aggregates allostatic variables to inform us of global organismic
+state. Emotional processes evaluate interoceptive signals against
+expectations about goal satisfaction in context. The result is
+experienced as an affective state. And affective states inherit from
+the interoceptive processes they metarepresent two interesting
+properties. They are intimately felt as states of a self, and
+at same time, they are global and non-localized. We do not
+experience sadness as a change in the state of a perceived
+object but as a global, overall feeling state of affective me.
+And in the same way as interoceptive experience is a proxy
+for allostatic regulation affective experience is a higher-level
+proxy for lower-level regulation. Experience or anticipation of
+danger, for example, prompts a suite of cognitive and behavioral
+responses that entrain a set of lower-level activities designed to
+optimize organismic function.
+In order to provide the affective interpretation of changes in
+body state, affective processes exploit extra layers of emotional
+processing
+that
+metarepresent
+and
+interpret
+interoceptive
+signals (Stephan et al., 2016). The emotional interpretation
+of interoceptive signals requires integrating the interoceptive
+signal with information about the emotional salience of the
+situation and the subject’s affective history. In other words,
+“should material me expect to feel like this given the (emotional)
+context?”
+For
+predictive
+processing
+theories
+of
+emotion,
+predictive models of the emotional context set parameters
+that determine how physiological changes are regulated and
+experienced. Thus, interdependent models representing the
+emotional world (hostile, favorable, tractable for me) and the
+capacities of the organism to deal with that world interpret
+and predict interoceptive changes in a continuous cycle. It is in
+that sense that emotional processes are forms of interoceptive
+active inference (Barrett and Simmons, 2015; Barrett et al.,
+2016; Barrett, 2017; Kleckner et al., 2017). They provide higher-
+level interpretive and regulatory models for the reduction of
+interoceptive prediction error signals. Thus, emotional processes
+are part of a hierarchy of active inference. Interoception
+is allostatic active inference, and emotion is interoceptive
+active inference.
+Still higher levels of self-modeling, narrative or conceptual,
+interpret and predict states of affective me, and one can see
+that other forms of self-representation and related experience,
+agential, and sensorimotor are guided and reinforced by their
+effects on affective me. In the end, without affective me, we are an
+organism to whom the world and its own states, as represented
+by our battery of cognitive faculties, no longer matter.
+NEURAL CORRELATES OF MATERIAL
+AND AFFECTIVE ME: EMOTIONAL
+TRANSCRIPTION
+Affective
+experience
+is
+produced
+by
+emotional
+processes
+that integrate interoceptive information with perception and
+cognition to produce the “feeling of what happens,” in Antonio
+Damasio’s phrase. To create this feeling, emotional processes
+effectively transcribe bodily feelings into affective experiences.
+This is why an interoceptive state such as fatigue can be
+experienced as disconsolate apathy when transcribed emotionally
+as part of an episode of sadness. As a bodily state, it has
+a particular experiential signature. Transcribed by emotional
+processes as the state of a self, rendered hopeless by an
+irretrievable loss, it has an affective signature. Given the way
+emotional and interoceptive processes are woven together, almost
+every interoceptive state is transcribed like this. It takes disorders
+and dissociations, such as pain asymbolia or rare states of
+emotional neutrality, to decompose their interactions. There is
+an analogy with delusions of misidentification (DMS) based on
+loss of predicted affective response to familiar faces. Normally,
+the feeling of familiarity evoked by recognizing a face is not
+salient amid the flux of experience, but when it is absent,
+the experience is of seeing a familiar but feeling “as if” one
+sees a stranger. Similarly, when one’s own body is damaged,
+the mind predicts an affective response. When that feeling is
+absent, it feels “as if” the experience is not happening to the
+subject. It is actually a striking parallel between disorders of
+depersonalization and the experiential (or first stage as it is
+sometimes called) component of DMS that they are reported
+in “as if” vocabulary (Breen et al., 2001; Brighetti et al., 2007;
+Coltheart et al., 2010). In both cases, the loss of predicted affective
+response combined with preserved cognition in other relevant
+domains (face recognition or nociception/interoception) creates
+the experience of estrangement.
+The fatigue of depression and its morphing into disconsolate
+apathy provides a nice case study of the role of hierarchical
+Frontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org
+4
+October 2020 | Volume 11 | Article 523710
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+Self Awareness in Pain Asymbolia
+interoceptive inference in producing affective me. Fatigue is an
+adaptive state designed to restore depleted subsystemic function.
+If, however, fatigue is intractably sustained, the result will be
+a persistent homeostatic/allostatic error signal experienced as a
+characteristic interoceptive state: weariness and exhaustion. The
+active inference hierarchy will exploit higher-level models to
+interpret and contextualize these interoceptive signals (Barrett
+et al., 2016; Friston et al., 2018; Velasco and Loev, 2020).
+Those higher-level models include models of affective me and
+narrative me that predict the effects on feeling state of activity
+across system, given the subject’s life history. Initially, such
+models predict restoration consequent on rest. If, however, the
+homeostatic error signals “from below” cannot be canceled,
+higher-level models can be revised to reflect that signal. This
+reflects the general principle that the hierarchical processing
+system settles into a state that minimizes error across the system.
+The self will be modeled as unable to control basic states and
+to act efficaciously in the world. At the level of affective me, the
+state is now felt as apathy and anhedonia, possibly anxiety at the
+prospect of exertion. At the level of narrative self-representation,
+thoughts of hopelessness and inadequacy can come to dominate.
+As Stephan et al., put it in their predictive processing account of
+fatigue and depression:
+“belief
+of
+failure
+at
+one’s
+most
+fundamental
+task—
+homeostatic/allostatic regulation—. . . arises from experiencing
+enhanced interoceptive surprise. We suggest that fatigue is
+a (possibly adaptive) initial allostatic response to a state of
+interoceptive surprise; if dyshomeostasis continues, the belief of low
+allostatic self- efficacy and lack of control may pervade all domains
+of cognition and manifests as a generalized sense of helplessness,
+with depression as a consequence” (Stephan et al., 2016).
+This quotation suggests a bottom-up etiology (“belief arises”),
+but active inference accounts such as this also give a constitutive
+role to top-down models in reconfiguring low-level allostatic
+processing. As Seth puts it:
+“On this theory of interoceptive inference [. . .], emotional states
+(i.e., subjective feeling states) arise from top-down predictive
+inference of the causes of interoceptive sensory signals [. . .]” (Seth
+and Friston, 2016, p. 9).
+The hierarchical nature of interoceptive processing and
+emotional processing is reflected in cytoarchitecture (Barrett
+and Simmons, 2015). Sections of the posterior insula cortex
+(PIC) take primary interoceptive afferents and integrate those
+representations to coordinate basic regulatory functions. The
+PIC, for example, integrates values of allostatic variables
+such as blood pressure and hydration as well as nociception
+(bodily damage). These signals are progressively remapped and
+integrated with other information at higher levels of cognition.
+Although it is not the only channel for bodily signaling, its role
+as a primary integrative hub of interoceptive afferents makes
+PIC a crucial substrate of the experience of material me (Singer
+et al., 2009; Medford and Critchley, 2010; Gasquoine, 2014;
+Moayedi, 2014).
+The
+AIC
+is
+specialized
+to
+re-represent
+and
+integrate
+information about body state to allow us to feel the significance
+of interoceptive states as affects. AIC sits at the apex of the so-
+called “salience system,” the neural hierarchy that signals whether
+and how information matters to the organism. In order to
+perform its role, it must communicate with emotional processing
+hubs that coordinate appraisal of that information at all levels
+(Craig, 2009a; Craig, 2009b; Garfinkel and Critchley, 2013). The
+AIC is an enigmatic and functionally ubiquitous system widely
+connected to both lower- and higher-level processing circuitry.
+One telling feature is its consistent involvement in the processing
+of self-relevant information and the switching/anticorrelation
+between executive and default processing (a key substrate of
+narrative me) (Starr et al., 2009). Another is its connectivity to
+hubs of lower- and higher-level emotional appraisal (amygdala
+and ventromedial prefrontal cortex). These hubs coordinate
+the appraisal of and response to information presented in
+sensorimotor and higher-level cognition, respectively (Bechara
+et al., 1999; Scherer, 2004; Koenigs and Grafman, 2009; Adolphs,
+2010; Pessoa and Adolphs, 2010; Gerrans and Scherer, 2013;
+LeDoux and Pine, 2016). Thus, the AIC is activated by perception
+of emotionally salient/self-relevant scenarios. Its activity allows
+us to feel the emotional significance of events. It is also active
+in scenarios in which we reflect on past events or anticipate
+the future, allowing so-called mental time travel to be imbued
+with affective significance. Thus, AIC activity can also provide
+the affective texture for anticipation and recollection as well as
+sensory processing. When imagining going on holiday or getting
+married, the affective texture of the episode predicts how the
+action will make us feel. This is a crucial adaptation for learning
+and planning. We plan our actions on behalf of future states of
+affective me. To do so, we remember how previous actions made
+us feel. This way of conceptualizing mental time travel makes it a
+form of extended active inference in which affective regulation
+is a proxy for overall organismic regulation (Suddendorf and
+Corballis, 2007; Boyer, 2008; Buckner et al., 2008; Broyd et al.,
+2009; Spreng et al., 2009; Carhart-Harris and Friston, 2010).
+Thus, it is not surprising to see that contemporary affective
+neuroscience treats experience produced by AIC activation as
+a form of higher-order bodily representation that represents
+the integrated functioning of the organism evaluated against
+emotionally salient goals creating a sense of self in the process As
+Bud Craig (2009a) puts it:
+“The integration successively includes homeostatic, environmental,
+hedonic, motivational, social, and cognitive activity to produce a
+‘global emotional moment,’ which represents the sentient self at one
+moment of time” (Craig, 2009a).
+In other words, affective me is the body under an emotional
+mode of presentation (to import some philosophical jargon).
+I am endorsing Craig’s idea that the AIC plays a key role in
+transforming interoceptive signals integrated by the PIC into
+representations of states of an affective self. This process can
+be described as one of higher-order metarepresentation and
+interpretation but to do so underplays constitutive influence of
+higher-order affective processing on lower-order processing. The
+role of emotional processing is not just to determine the relevance
+of interoceptive predictive error after the fact but also to set the
+parameters that determine which allostatic variations become
+Frontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org
+5
+October 2020 | Volume 11 | Article 523710
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+Gerrans
+Self Awareness in Pain Asymbolia
+prediction errors. How the bodily signal is processed depends on
+how it is emotionally contextualized.
+Thus, I prefer to describe the relationship between AIC
+and PIC as emotional transcription. The AIC is an integrative
+hub of processes that transform a bodily into an affective
+signal, in the process transforming what would otherwise be a
+pure bodily feeling into an affective/emotional one. The AIC
+communicates with hubs of emotional processes to convert the
+neural signal representing interoceptive information into a neural
+signal representing the emotional significance of that information
+for the organism.
+This transcription creates the crucial affective dimension
+of self-modeling. Without it, we could navigate the world
+using other dimensions, agential, narrative, sensorimotor, and
+bodily in order to optimize organismic functioning, however,
+we would lack a way to experience the significance of our
+interactions with the world.
+Furthermore, this affective dimension of self-modeling
+provides a simple and effective proxy for the adaptive integration
+of other dimensions and the systems they coordinate. When our
+narrative, agential sensorimotor, agential, and bodily self-models
+are simultaneously optimized, we feel good: our organism is
+prospering in the world. When it is not, we feel a form of negative
+affect appropriate to the context. Within the predictive coding
+framework, negative affect signals failure to reduce prediction
+error across the system. More accurately, it reflects failure to
+reduce prediction at a rate predicted for that action (Joffily and
+Coricelli, 2013).
+This is not a claim that the AIC is a discrete or modularized
+substrate of self-representation. Rather, its integrative role,
+connecting low- and high-level emotional processing and
+interoception and in the generation of affective experience,
+makes it an important hub of processing that enables us to
+feel the significance of events as affective states. Predictive
+coding suggests that the mind will model fluctuations in affective
+states by attributing them to a continuing entity: the thing that
+experiences the emotional ups and downs. Affective me is that
+entity. And a good candidate for its neural substrate, given its role
+as a hub of self-referential processing, is the AIC.
+PAIN ASYMBOLIA AS A FORM OF
+DEPERSONALIZATION EXPERIENCE
+The idea that the AIC is the substrate of affective self-modeling
+fits with studies of (relatively) selective damage or hypoactivity
+of AIC in disorders of depersonalization. In depersonalization
+disorder, patients report phenomenology such as the following:
+“I feel some degree of ‘out of it’ all the time (. . .) I can sit looking
+at my foot or my hand and not feel like they are mine. This can
+happen when I am writing, my hand is just writing, but I’m not
+telling it to. It almost feels like I have died, but no one has thought
+to tell me. So, I’m left living in a shell that I don’t recognize any
+more” (Sierra and David, 2011).
+Within the multidimensional multilevel framework, this
+could be explained as a result of preserved narrative/conceptual
+levels of self-modeling and basic bodily self-modeling in the
+absence of the basic experience of being the self who experiences
+autobiographical
+episodes.
+Another
+classic
+description
+of
+generalized depersonalization is Dugas’ patient who said:
+“I only feel anger from the outside, by its physiological reactions”
+(Dugas and Moutier, 1911) my italics,” quoted in Billon (2017b).
+This is a particularly telling example because it suggests that
+bodily processes and bodily awareness are intact, but the patient
+feels detached from them, despite awareness that they occur in
+his own body. On the account developed above, that is the result
+of failure to transcribe bodily interoceptive signals into affective.
+The mechanism is sometimes hypothesized to be spontaneous
+inhibition of AIC by the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (Medford
+et al., 2006; Medford, 2012; Medford et al., 2016). On most
+accounts, this is an involuntary defensive/dissociative response to
+unmanageable adversity. Of course, given the integrative role of
+the AIC and its dense multidirectional coupling and functional
+connectivity, there may be no unique cause of hypoactivity.
+What matters to the account here is that in the experience
+of depersonalization AIC hypoactivity is unpredicted by a self-
+model that anticipates AIC activity in context. It could be the
+case that the AIC is not receiving interoceptive afferents from
+lower levels or systems that appraise those signals for emotional
+relevance. If, however, the AIC is not responding in a predictable
+way to those afferents, the result is an error signal experienced
+as loss of predicted affect. The result is that most dimensions of
+self-representation, bodily, agential sensorimotor, and narrative
+are intact, but the agent does not feel as if any of the resultant
+experiences belong to her. The reason is that the AIC is no
+longer functioning to allow her to feel the significance of bodily
+changes evoked by her passage through the world (Gerrans, 2015,
+2019). It is worth mentioning here that this interpretation of
+the role of the AIC has been disputed on the bases of cases of
+AIC lesion with “preserved emotional and affective responses”
+(Philippi et al., 2012; Damasio et al., 2013; Feinstein et al., 2016).
+My reading of these cases, however, is that the patients have intact
+behavioral aspects of emotion (such as aversive response) and
+primary interoception, which accounts for intact bodily feeling.
+However, the same patients do not seem to exhibit affective
+aspects of emotion such as feelings of sadness or remorse.
+Similarly, their empathic responses are cognitive rather than
+affective. In fact, the profile of Roger, the subject of discussion
+in two key articles, somewhat resembles that of Dugas’ patient
+(Gerrans, 2019). Very interestingly, Roger cannot be aversively
+conditioned to painful stimuli, although he responds aversively
+on each separate presentation is intact. This suggests that he does
+not anticipate negative affective experience when re-presented
+with the aversive stimulus.
+Rather than discuss full-blown global depersonalization,
+this
+section
+concentrates
+on
+a
+fascinating
+subtype
+of
+depersonalization experience in which only one channel of
+processing is disconnected from affective me. Pain asymbolia
+is in which the subject feels pain or its nociceptive aspects,
+but says that the pain feels as if it does not matter or does
+not belong to her.
+Frontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org
+6
+October 2020 | Volume 11 | Article 523710
+
+Gerrans
+Self Awareness in Pain Asymbolia
+Colin Klein has argued persuasively that pain asymbolia is a
+form of depersonalization for pain. As he puts it:
+“the
+phenomenology
+of
+asymbolia
+might
+resemble
+a
+kind
+of depersonalization syndrome. . . . The asymbolic, and the
+depersonalized more generally, feel sensations that they are
+estranged from—that they do not take to be theirs in the sense that
+we normally do. . . . [This]does show that there is another sense in
+which our sensations may be unified: as sensations over which we
+have a feeling of ownership. Asymbolia, and depersonalization more
+generally, shows that this sort of unity may fail. Its failure comes not
+from a change in the sensations we feel, but in the sort of agents we
+are (Klein, 2015) [my italics].
+Klein suggests that the pain sensation is unchanged, but what
+has changed in the experience is “the sort of agents we are,” i.e.,
+the type of self we are. This can be finessed still further when we
+add that this latter change must itself be experienced. Otherwise,
+the patient would not report the feeling that the pain sensation
+does not matter to her. Given the previous discussion, it is not
+quite right to say that the sensations have not changed, but the
+experience of the self has. Given that the self-model sets the
+parameters for bodily representation and consequent experience,
+a change in self-model affects the quality of experience.
+Pain asymbolia is a nice example of the connection between
+basic bodily processing, emotional processing, and affect. Pain
+itself is a representation of damaged body state (nociception),
+but given its significance for organisms, the nociceptive signal
+is almost automatically appraised at primary level as distressing.
+Thus, pain, aversive response, and negative affect are very tightly
+linked (Krahé et al., 2013; Klein, 2015; Gogolla, 2017; Von Mohr
+and Fotopoulou, 2018; Gehrlach et al., 2019). Another way to
+put this is to say that bodily damage is represented at multiple
+levels in terms of its effects not just on the body but on the self
+and its prospects.
+“Pain can therefore constitute a process of perceptual inference
+about nociceptive signals on the basis of predictive, top-down
+signals about the homeostatic significance of such signals in the
+context of other synchronous biological, cognitive, and social
+conditions. Furthermore, such re-mappings of interoceptive signals
+across the neurocognitive hierarchy suggest possible neurobiological
+mechanisms by which not only cognitive, but also social
+contextual factors can influence the awareness of interoceptive
+and other multimodal information about one’s own body”
+(Krahé et al., 2013).
+Given these facts, the substrate of pain experience is
+a
+complex
+network
+of
+nociceptive,
+interoceptive,
+and
+social/cognitive/emotional
+circuitry.
+This
+“pain
+matrix”
+incorporates the insula as well as somatosensory and limbic
+regions (Starr et al., 2009). Characterizing the role of the insula
+in the matrix is complex due to its extensive connectivity, but
+one study reports a consensus view:
+“insula may be well positioned to utilize cognitive information to
+modulate connected brain areas involved in processing of sensory-
+discriminative, affective, and cognitive-evaluative components of
+pain” (Wiech and Tracey, 2013).
+or, as I might put it, to help coordinate higher-level active
+inference in response to lower-level nociceptive prediction error.
+And one feature of this coordinating role is the production of
+affective states that inform the organism of the significance of
+bodily damage. When, however (due to hypoactivity in the AIC),
+the predicted negative affect does not occur, the subject has to
+explain away the resultant prediction error. The bodily self-model
+is already functioning optimally: telling the organism that she is
+damaged. The narrative model is also intact: it says explicitly that
+pain should produce negative affect. Thus, the patient is in the
+situation of sensing bodily damage and knowing, intellectually,
+that she has bodily damage but feeling no distress in a situation in
+which she normally feels it automatically. She reports the result as
+the feeling that the pain is not “hers.” Pain asymbolics no longer
+assign or feel emotional significance in response to bodily damage
+in virtue of hypoactivity in their AIC. Effectively, they are in the
+situation of losing a crucial dimension of affective self-modeling
+for nociception. Consequently, they report that the experience
+is painful but that it does not matter and feels as if it is not
+happening to them. What this shows is that “mineness” can be lost
+locally, for aspects of bodily functioning, such as pain (Phillips
+et al., 2001; Phillips and Sierra, 2003; Medford et al., 2006; Simeon
+and Abugel, 2006; Simeon et al., 2008; Stein and Simeon, 2009;
+Sierra et al., 2012; Michal et al., 2013; Sedeño et al., 2014; Medford
+et al., 2016; Gogolla, 2017; Gerrans, 2019).
+The idea that the anterior insula is a substrate of the feeling of
+mineness for pain via its role in affective processing is consistent
+with the similarity between depersonalization experience for pain
+and mild opioid analgesia. In opioid analgesia, patients report
+that the pain is not extinguished but no longer matters. A key
+finding here is that that opioids target not only the PIC, as one
+might expect, but also the AIC and related limbic structures
+involved in emotional processing.
+The AIC in fact is even more responsive than PIC to low doses
+of opioids. This is an adaptation. It is easier for an organism
+to regulate emotional/affective response to bodily damage than
+to repair bodily damage. Thus, in contexts where the organism
+cannot devote resources to repair, it inhibits the system that
+produces negative affect and thereby stops pain from drawing
+attention away from other relevant activities. Opioids exploit this
+adaptation, down-regulating the AIC, reducing, not pain itself,
+but the felt significance of pain.
+“the FMRI data suggest that opioid analgesics can directly influence
+emotional responses at low doses that do not alter sensory aspects of
+pain” (Lee et al., 2014).
+Another way to put this is to say that mild opioid analgesia
+produces a mild form of pain asymbolia.
+This suggestion about the role played by modulation of AIC
+activity independent of nociception is supported by an interesting
+finding about voluntary imagination of sensory states.
+“For the visualization of internal state sensations, this meant
+increased activity in areas of interoceptive sensory processing,
+including the mid and anterior insula in the right hemisphere. This
+is a critical finding, as it suggests that primary interoceptive cortex,
+located in the posterior insula, was not significantly involved in the
+imagery of internal state sensations” (Bennett and Baird, 2009).
+Frontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org
+7
+October 2020 | Volume 11 | Article 523710
+
+Gerrans
+Self Awareness in Pain Asymbolia
+Cases like this suggest that when we imagine or reflect
+on an experience, we (re)construct the affective component of
+experience. In other words, we represent not what happens to
+us but how it matters to us. We empathize with our past or
+future self by activating circuitry, which represents not body
+state per se, but the significance of body state. This allows us
+to enrich the narrative self-model with episodic and affective
+imagery, transforming it from a linguistic autobiographical
+model to one which we feel, as well as know, is ours. In other
+words, activity in the AIC links the affective dimension of self-
+modeling to our bodily and narrative models. In this respect, the
+affective self-model has a crucial integrative role. It sits at the
+border between sensorimotor bodily modeling, which controls
+organismic interaction with the environment, and explicit top-
+down cognition, which exploits narrative and conceptual models.
+It allows us to feel not just like a cognitive system manipulating
+a body through the world (which we are) but a self, with an
+autobiographical trajectory that matters.
+CONCLUSION
+The mind models and predicts fluctuations of affect by attributing
+them to a continuing self. That “self-model” allows us to
+experience not just the way things are, but the way they matter
+to us given our history, goals, and concerns.
+Perhaps the most crucial dimension of self-modeling is
+affective. The ability to feel the significance of our engagements
+with the world allows us to regulate our organism moment to
+moment and offline over long time scales to “feel the future” and
+rehearse the past. In this sense, affective processes knit systemic
+functioning together allowing us to pursue organismic well-being
+by regulating our affective states.
+When this integrative process fails (due to hypoactivity in the
+AIC or systems that link affective processing to cognition), but
+the world and body are being otherwise accurately represented,
+the subject feels that something is wrong. Furthermore, her
+autobiographical knowledge is undisturbed. The result is a
+massive prediction error in the hierarchical multidimensional
+self-model. The narrative and bodily dimensions are intact, but
+the predicted affective dimension is absent. She reports the result
+naturally enough by saying that the experience feels as if it is not
+happening to her.
+DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
+All datasets generated for this study are included in the
+article/supplementary material, further inquiries can be directed
+to the corresponding author/s.
+AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
+The author confirms being the sole contributor of this work and
+has approved it for publication.
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+from brain lesions. J. Neurosci. 29, 2684–2694. doi: 10.1523/jneurosci.5173-
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+Stein, D. J., and Simeon, D. (2009). Cognitive-affective neuroscience of
+depersonalization. CNS Spectr. 14, 467–471. doi: 10.1017/s109285290002352x
+Stephan, K. E., Manjaly, Z. M., Mathys, C. D., Weber, L. A., Paliwal, S., Gard, T.,
+et al. (2016). Allostatic self-efficacy: a metacognitive theory of dyshomeostasis-
+induced fatigue and depression. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 10:550.
+Suddendorf, T., and Corballis, M. C. (2007). The evolution of foresight: What is
+mental time travel, and is it unique to humans? Behav. Brain Sci. 30, 299–313.
+doi: 10.1017/s0140525x07001975
+Velasco, P. F., and Loev, S. (2020). Affective experience in the predictive mind: a
+review and new integrative account. Synthese 1–36.
+Von Mohr, M., and Fotopoulou, A. (2018). “The cutaneous borders of
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+Wiech, K., and Tracey, I. (2013). Pain, decisions, and actions: a motivational
+perspective. Front. Neurosci. 7:46. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2013.00046
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+MIT Press.
+Conflict of Interest: The author declares that the research was conducted in the
+absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a
+potential conflict of interest.
+Copyright © 2020 Gerrans. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms
+of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or
+reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the
+copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal
+is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or
+reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
+Frontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org
+10
+October 2020 | Volume 11 | Article 523710
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/3e22f1e46e625319.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/3e22f1e46e625319.txt
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+Correction: Aboriginal artefacts on the continental shelf reveal ancient drowned cultural landscapes in northwest Australia
+
+In 2019, the Deep History of Sea Country (DHSC) Project team found and published two submerged archaeological sites in Murujuga (Dampier Archipelago) Western Australia [1].Following publication in 2020, a further discussion has ensued and was published in the journal Geoarchaeology by Ward et al [2], with a subsequent response to their critique published by Benjamin et al [3].This coincided with the project team returning to Murujuga in 2022 to collect further field data and to confirm the nature and context of the two underwater archaeological sites located in the shallow coastal waters of the continental shelf ([4] in press).This notice seeks to update the PLOS ONE readership on the supplemental data underlying [1] now made available and open access; to provide additional methodological information; to address errors in the statistical analyses for Figs 7, 8 and 12; and to provide additional discussion of interpretations.
+
+CORRECTION
+Correction: Aboriginal artefacts on the
+continental shelf reveal ancient drowned
+cultural landscapes in northwest Australia
+Jonathan Benjamin, Michael O’Leary, Jo McDonald, Chelsea Wiseman, John McCarthy,
+Emma Beckett, Patrick Morrison, Francis Stankiewicz, Jerem Leach, Jorg Hacker,
+Paul Baggaley, Katarina Jerbić, Madeline Fowler, John Fairweather, Peter Jeffries,
+Sean Ulm, Geoff Bailey
+In 2019, the Deep History of Sea Country (DHSC) Project team found and published two sub-
+merged archaeological sites in Murujuga (Dampier Archipelago) Western Australia [1]. Fol-
+lowing publication in 2020, a further discussion has ensued and was published in the journal
+Geoarchaeology by Ward et al [2], with a subsequent response to their critique published by
+Benjamin et al [3]. This coincided with the project team returning to Murujuga in 2022 to col-
+lect further field data and to confirm the nature and context of the two underwater archaeolog-
+ical sites located in the shallow coastal waters of the continental shelf ([4] in press).
+This notice seeks to update the PLOS ONE readership on the supplemental data underlying
+[1] now made available and open access; to provide additional methodological information; to
+address errors in the statistical analyses for Figs 7, 8 and 12; and to provide additional discus-
+sion of interpretations.
+Data Availability
+With permission from the Traditional Owners, the underlying data for the artefacts reported in this
+study [1] have now been provided as Supporting Information on this notice (S1 File) and addition-
+ally uploaded to a data repository and can be found at: https://doi.org/10.25451/flinders.21907413.v1
+Within the underlying data folder, S4_table reports 483 terrestrial artefacts recorded from
+the Cape Bruguieres (CB) site. This dataset includes the 455 platform artefacts discussed in the
+original article [1] plus additional data collected at a later date. This supersedes the original data
+in the article, and it is not possible to identify which of the samples constituted the original data-
+set of 455 terrestrial artefacts. However, the authors note that the statistical conclusions are
+identical to those originally published when analyses are repeated on the larger dataset. With
+this updated data, a Pearson’s chi-squared test demonstrates the difference in size between Cape
+Bruguieres assemblages is statistically significant (X2 (df = 9, N = 687) = 351.31). The simulated
+p-value calculated using 2000 replicates of Monte-Carlo random sampling meets the very high
+threshold of <0.001. The effect size, calculated using Crame´r’s V, is 0.72, which demonstrates
+this difference is strong (<0.5) and practically significant. The same test was done for differ-
+ences in artefact types, which also demonstrated a statistical significance (X2 (df = 6, N = 518) =
+69.87, simulated p<0.001) with a moderate to strong effect size (V = 0.37).
+Additional Methodological Information
+Tidal data
+As stated in the subsection titled Aerial drone survey in the methodology section of [1], “A DJI
+Phantom 4 Pro and Mavic 2 were flown with automated flight planning software (Drone
+PLOS ONE
+PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287490
+June 15, 2023
+1 / 5
+a1111111111
+a1111111111
+a1111111111
+a1111111111
+a1111111111
+OPEN ACCESS
+Citation: Benjamin J, O’Leary M, McDonald J,
+Wiseman C, McCarthy J, Beckett E, et al. (2023)
+Correction: Aboriginal artefacts on the continental
+shelf reveal ancient drowned cultural landscapes in
+northwest Australia. PLoS ONE 18(6): e0287490.
+https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287490
+Published: June 15, 2023
+Copyright: © 2023 Benjamin et al. This is an open
+access article distributed under the terms of the
+Creative Commons Attribution License, which
+permits unrestricted use, distribution, and
+reproduction in any medium, provided the original
+author and source are credited.
+
+Deploy) and employed two survey strategies: single-line transects flown between 75–20 ft
+above the ground level (AGL); and large-area surveys flown at 82 ft AGL with a frontlap of
+75% and a sidelap of 70% to produce a ground sample distance of 1 cm. Images were imported
+into Agisoft Metashape (v 1.5.4) to create point cloud data using settings for Highest Accuracy,
+Ultra High Quality and Aggressive Filtering.” To add to this, Agisoft Metashape was used to
+export 2D orthophotos. The orthophotos were georeferenced by the internal GPS of the drone.
+Default orbit and corrections were used. The datum and height reference is Australian Height
+Datum (AHD) 2009 on the Australian Map Grid system (in this case using Zone 55) and Aus-
+tralian Geodetic 1984 datum. The elevations of surrounding landscape and neighbouring land-
+marks have not been determined. These measurements are often incorrect unless taken with
+highly accurate instruments and processing. It is standard to use high-quality airborne LiDAR
+to confirm ground-based measurements, especially in inaccessible or remote areas, and this
+was done for the project through manned aircraft survey. The details of the LiDAR data acqui-
+sition are found in the subsection Airborne LiDAR survey: “the team deployed a Diamond
+Aircraft HK36TTC-ECO Dimona motorglider with two LiDAR systems mounted in under-
+wing pods: a Riegl Q680i-S (topographic) and a Riegl VQ-820-G (topo-bathymetric), each
+combined with a tactical grade IMU/GPS system (Novatel SPAN ISA/LCI). A Canon 5D Mk4
+was fitted with an EF 24 mm (f/1.4LII USM) lens and co-mounted with the Q680i-S. Point
+cloud density ranged between 10 and 20 points/m2, and data was processed and converted to a
+Digital Elevation Model (DEM) using the Global Mapper LiDAR module.” This is standard
+for airborne LiDAR data acquisition, using state-of-the-art full waveform LiDAR and tactical-
+grade IMU/GPS-systems. For such data, ground-control points (GCPs) are not typically neces-
+sary to achieve accuracies of < 10cm margin of error. However, the team did acquire 99 GCPs
+using Trimble Net R9 dGPS with RTX Satellite subscription, which confirmed that the
+Fig 12. Cape Bruguieres Channel Assemblage size and location data demonstrate the absence of relationship between depth and artefact size
+Plotted using the ggplot package in R [62].
+https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287490.g001
+PLOS ONE
+PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287490
+June 15, 2023
+2 / 5
+
+elevations were correct to within approximately 5cm, and thus no further adjustments were
+required. The LiDAR and dGPS GCP data can be found freely available at https://doi.org/10.
+25451/flinders.22641040.v1 Further tidal data collected in 2022 also corroborated the original
+findings from [1] (the results are in press, [4]).
+The Results subsection titled Taphonomic and depositional history refers to diver observa-
+tions of maximum current flow during spring tides. Fast flowing drift dives through the CB
+channel were undertaken by divers on 14/09/2019 between 1225–1325 and again on 15/09/
+2019 between 0855–0925.
+Terrestrial survey
+In 2019 a stone structure survey was undertaken by pedestrian transect across the CB platform
+by three team members. The coverage of this survey was generally 5-10m, denser than the 20m
+spacing considered “comprehensive” for linear survey in this region [5]. Spatial information
+was recorded using handheld Garmin GPS units or a Trimble Nomad. Artefacts were observed
+in varying quantities across the entire platform and a few isolated artefacts were recorded. All
+artefacts within a 1m radius of each of the 50 recorded structures were recorded. Attribute
+data (size class, type and raw material) were collected using the CRAR+M FileMaker Pro
+Recording Form on iPad minis.
+Targeted sampling strategies, particularly those constrained by “topographical or man-made
+features”[6], are common in archaeology. Although the artefact ‘sample areas’ are biased spa-
+tially around the structures there is no evidence that this bias would influence the size class data
+collected (the only attribute being compared between terrestrial and underwater assemblages).
+The structures are well distributed across the platform and artefact densities were varied within
+each sample area, with higher densities of artefacts in areas with higher densities of structures.
+The low structures are made from the same material as the CB platform and there is no evidence
+that the geomorphic environment immediately adjacent is any different than the rest of the plat-
+form. As with the sampling strategy, the size of the sample was constrained, however it was suf-
+ficient (more than double the number of channel artefacts) for preliminary comparison. There
+is no hard and fast numerical or proportional test for the appropriateness of a sample beyond
+“more is better”, however it is generally accepted that a sample is more robust if you can draw
+random samples and not dramatically change the statistical result [7]. As noted above, addi-
+tional artefacts have been added to this dataset (S4_Table in S1 File) since publication of [1] and
+this increases the dataset by 7%. This did not weaken the statistical result, which would be
+expected if sizes of the artefacts were biased due to their association with the stone structures.
+The terrestrial assemblage at Cape Bruguieres is quantitatively distinctly different to the
+underwater assemblage: the lithics are much smaller, and the assemblage contains very few
+artefacts > 8cm, which was the most common size class under water. While the different sur-
+vey methods might limit the ability for fine-grained comparisons, it could not reasonably
+explain such a large difference. In the original study, this obvious difference was quantified sta-
+tistically as a Crame´r’s V of over 0.7, defined in the literature as a ‘strong effect (0.5–1 accord-
+ing to Wolverton et al. [8]). To reduce this to a weak effect (Crame´r’s V under 0.1, [8]), we
+would have to suppose that we systematically failed to observe literally hundreds of large arte-
+facts away from structures in our wider survey across the platform (see supplementary R-code
+for details on this counterfactual). There is scope for a more detailed survey of the platform, to
+answer finer questions of technology (e.g.[9]), but there is no doubt that there are well-demon-
+strated and -quantified size differences between the assemblages. The terrestrial assemblage is
+thus reasonably described as representative and appropriate for comparison with the underwa-
+ter stone artefacts.
+PLOS ONE
+PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287490
+June 15, 2023
+3 / 5
+
+Errors in data and analyses
+One artefact (A15) was incorrectly omitted from the originally published S1 Table in [1],
+which reported recovered underwater artefacts. The corrected complete dataset for recovered
+underwater artefacts is provided in Table S3 of S1 File.
+There is an error in the analysis underlying Fig 7 of the original article; sample A15 was
+incorrectly recorded as 10–12 cm instead of 8–10 cm. A reanalysis using the corrected channel
+artefact data and the updated terrestrial artefact data does not affect the interpretation of the
+results (please refer to the Data Availability section above for further information). The resid-
+ual plot for the chi-squared test of artefact sizes from the Cape Bruguieres platform (land) and
+channel (submerged) assemblages is provided as S2_fig in S1 File.
+There is an error in the analysis underlying Fig 8 of the original article; some of the platform
+type values were omitted. The outcome of a reanalysis using the updated terrestrial artefact
+data remains that there is significant variation between groups, though there is a slight increase
+in overrepresentation of core tools, and a slight decrease in overrepresentation of Complete
+Flakes (please refer to the Data Availability section above for further information).
+Fig 12 from the original article accidentally excluded 22 data points. A corrected Fig 12 is
+provided below. The data that underpin the corrected Fig 12 are derived from S2_table in S1
+File. The updated data and figure support the original interpretations and findings.
+A member of the Editorial Board has reviewed the updated analyses and advised that the
+revised data still support the published results.
+Interpretation
+In ‘A wet strawman: A response to Ward et al.’ published in Geoarchaeology [3] the authors
+have reiterated the interpretations of the minimum ages of the two sites published in PLOS
+ONE and reviewed why these interpretations remain in place. From Benjamin et al. ([3], pg 3)
+the authors conclude, “It may well be that we will never achieve 100% certainty about the status
+of artifacts that are surface finds without means of direct and independent radiometric
+dating. . . On the presently available evidence, we reject Ward et al.’s critique and stand by our
+original interpretations until such time as new and relevant evidence is forthcoming to further
+confirm or refute them”. This interpretation is further reinforced by additional field investiga-
+tions in 2022 and the authors have interpreted the available evidence to rule out any hypothe-
+ses arguing for wholesale secondary deposition. The authors maintain that the results
+presented in Benjamin et al [1] demonstrate that underwater cultural material can survive
+inundation by sea-level rise in an Australian context, and that such evidence can be located
+and studied using a combination of predictive modelling and an appropriate suite of underwa-
+ter and remote-sensing techniques. The authors’ current interpretation of the CB Channel site
+remains consistent with the minimum age of inundation or 7000 BP.
+For clarity that the reported conclusions reflect the authors’ interpretations based on the
+available evidence, the following revisions are made to the text:
+In the first sentence of the fifth paragraph of the Introduction, the correct text is: The new
+results presented here demonstrate the existence of archaeological material deposited on pre-
+inundation land surfaces associated with periods of lower sea level in Murujuga Sea Country
+(Dampier Archipelago, Western Australia), resulting from a program of predictive modelling,
+systematic survey and geoarchaeological analysis, using a suite of remote sensing techniques
+including satellite imagery, acoustic survey (sidescan and multibeam), airborne topographic
+and bathymetric LiDAR, and in situ diver investigation.
+In the third sentence of the eighth paragraph under point 4 in the Taphonomic and deposi-
+tional history subsection of the Results section, the correct sentence is: We interpret the
+PLOS ONE
+PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287490
+June 15, 2023
+4 / 5
+
+available evidence to rule out the hypotheses arguing for wholesale secondary deposition given
+the state of current knowledge of coastal geomorphological and climatic processes, and rules
+in favour of the hypothesis that the underwater assemblage is largely in situ on a pre-inunda-
+tion landscape and belongs to a much earlier time period and an entirely different pattern of
+landscape use than the archaeological site on the calcarenite terrace.
+In the first sentence of the third paragraph of the Flying Foam Passage: A submerged fresh-
+water spring subsection of the Results section, the correct sentence is: Just how much weight of
+interpretation can rest on a single artefact is, of course an issue, but the single artefact is the
+result of limited diving time and the difficulties of identifying artefacts against the background
+noise of other rocks and obscuring biogenic surface growth, and the details above confirm our
+interpretation that this is an in situ specimen.
+Updated Author Information
+The ORCID iDs are missing for the third and seventh authors. Please see the authors’ respec-
+tive ORCID iDs here:
+Author Jo McDonald’s ORCID iD is 0000-0002-2701-7406 (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-
+2701-7406)
+Author Patrick Morrison’s ORCID iD is 0000-0003-0920-3405 (https://orcid.org/0000-
+0003-0920-3405)
+Additionally, the contributions for author Patrick Morrison are updated as follows: Data
+curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Investigation, Software, Visualization, Writing–origi-
+nal draft, Writing–review & editing.
+Supporting information
+S1 File. DHSC Supplemental Data.
+(ZIP)
+References
+1.
+Benjamin J, O’Leary M, McDonald J, Wiseman C, McCarthy J, Beckett E, et al. (2020) Aboriginal arte-
+facts on the continental shelf reveal ancient drowned cultural landscapes in northwest Australia. PLoS
+ONE 15(7): e0233912. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233912 PMID: 32609779
+2.
+Ward I., Larcombe P., Ross P. J., & Fandry C. (2022). Applying geoarchaeological principles to marine
+archaeology: A reappraisal of the “first marine” and “in situ” lithic scatters in the Dampier Archipelago,
+NW Australia. Geoarchaeology, 37, 783–810.
+3.
+Benjamin J., O’Leary M., McDonald J., Ulm S., Jeffries P., Bailey G. (2022) A wet strawman: A
+response to Ward et al. Geoarchaeology. 37(6). 813–818. https://doi.org/10.1002/gea.21936
+4.
+O’Leary M.J., Cuttler M.V.W., Benjamin J., McDonald J., Wiseman C., McCarthy J., Ulm S., Stephens
+A., Bailey G. (2023 in press) New approaches for assessing site formation of submerged lithic scatters.
+Journal of Archaeological Science Reports.
+5.
+Mattner, J. (1989) Simulation of Regional Sampling Designs on the Burrup Peninsula, W.A. Unpub-
+lished Honours Thesis. Department of Archaeology, University of Western Australia.
+6.
+Orton C. (2000). Sampling in Archaeology. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
+7.
+Clarkson C., O’Connor S. (2014). An Introduction to Stone Artefact Analysis in Balme J& Paterson(eds)
+Archaeology in Practice: A Student Guide to Archaeological Analyses, 2nd Edition. Wiley-Blackwell
+8.
+Wolverton S, Dombrosky J, Lyman RL. Practical significance: ordinal scale data and effect size in
+zooarchaeology. Int. J. Osteoarchaeol. 2016 26(2):255–65.
+9.
+Ditchfield K. (2017) Pleistocene—Holocene coastal mobility patterns in the Carnarvon Bioregion, north-
+western Australia. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Archaeology, University of Western Australia.
+PLOS ONE
+PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287490
+June 15, 2023
+5 / 5
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/41c9037e2b207704.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/41c9037e2b207704.txt
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@@ -0,0 +1,1208 @@
+Foreign Language Enjoyment and Anxiety as the Correlates of the Ideal L2 Self in the English as a Foreign Language Context
+
+Learners' emotions in learning a foreign language are claimed to shape complicated dynamic associations contributing to their motivational and linguistic outcomes, as evidenced by recent research in this area. In order to advance this research area, this study sought to investigate the foreign language enjoyment (FLE) and foreign language classroom anxiety (FLCA) as the predictors of ideal L2 self in Iranian English as a Foreign Language (EFL) context. The total number of 195 English-major students from various universities completed an online survey containing the three scales in question. The measurement models were first verified using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Then, the structural model for the relations among the variables was tested employing structural equation modeling (SEM). The SEM results showed that although FLE and FLCA significantly predicted ideal L2 self, FLE was a stronger predictor of ideal L2 self than FLCA. This study provides significant pedagogical implications for EFL practitioners.
+
+Frontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org	
+1	
+November 2021 | Volume 12 | Article 790648
+ORIGINAL RESEARCH
+published: 25 November 2021
+doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.790648
+Edited by: 
+Lawrence Jun Zhang, 
+University of Auckland, New Zealand
+Reviewed by: 
+Tahereh Taherian, 
+Yazd University, Iran
+Reza Kafipour, 
+Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 
+Iran
+*Correspondence: 
+Jalil Fathi 
+jfathi13@yahoo.com
+ †ORCID:
+Jalil Fathi
+orcid.org/0000-0003-1146-1024
+Farnoosh Mohammaddokht 
+orcid.org/0000-0001-7920-3481
+Specialty section: 
+This article was submitted to 
+Positive Psychology, 
+a section of the journal 
+Frontiers in Psychology
+Received: 07 October 2021
+Accepted: 02 November 2021
+Published: 25 November 2021
+Citation:
+Fathi J and 
+Mohammaddokht F (2021) Foreign 
+Language Enjoyment and Anxiety as 
+the Correlates of the Ideal L2 Self in 
+the English as a Foreign Language 
+Context.
+Front. Psychol. 12:790648.
+doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.790648
+Foreign Language Enjoyment and 
+Anxiety as the Correlates of the Ideal 
+L2 Self in the English as a Foreign 
+Language Context
+Jalil Fathi 1*†  and Farnoosh Mohammaddokht 2†
+1 Department of Applied Linguistics, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran, 2 TEFL, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
+Learners’ emotions in learning a foreign language are claimed to shape complicated 
+dynamic associations contributing to their motivational and linguistic outcomes, as 
+evidenced by recent research in this area. In order to advance this research area, this 
+study sought to investigate the foreign language enjoyment (FLE) and foreign language 
+classroom anxiety (FLCA) as the predictors of ideal L2 self in Iranian English as a Foreign 
+Language (EFL) context. The total number of 195 English-major students from various 
+universities completed an online survey containing the three scales in question. The 
+measurement models were first verified using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Then, 
+the structural model for the relations among the variables was tested employing structural 
+equation modeling (SEM). The SEM results showed that although FLE and FLCA 
+significantly predicted ideal L2 self, FLE was a stronger predictor of ideal L2 self than 
+FLCA. This study provides significant pedagogical implications for EFL practitioners.
+Keywords: FLE, ideal L2 self, EFL, motivation, FLCA
+INTRODUCTION
+Research into the field of teaching and learning has shown an outstanding shift from teacher-
+centered toward student-centered education (Blumberg and Pontiggia, 2011). In light of this 
+paradigm shift, there has been a dramatic change of attention from teachers toward students. 
+As Hismanoglu (2000) maintained, more emphasis has been put on learning and learners 
+rather than on teaching and teachers. As English as a Foreign Language (EFL) is progressing 
+toward learner-centered pedagogy (Emaliana, 2017), investigating how EFL students learn and 
+what variables impact their learning has become the center of attention of numerous researchers 
+in different contexts (Khamkhien, 2010; Nomnian and Arphattananon, 2018; Derakhshan et al., 
+2021; Esra and Sevilen, 2021; Pishghadam et  al., 2021). With growing enthusiasm in the role 
+of learners in language learning, it is crucial to understand what factors drive different experiences 
+for different students. In association with factors influencing learning, various learner variables, 
+such as attitudes (Petrides, 2006), anxiety, and motivation (Khodadady and Khajavy, 2013), 
+foreign language enjoyment (FLE; Jin and Zhang, 2018), and ideal L2 self (Dörnyei, 2010) 
+are believed to play a significant role in foreign language (FL) achievement.
+The ideal L2 self, mainly conceptualized as “the L2-specific facet of one’s ideal self” (Dörnyei, 
+2009, p.  29), has been identified as a variable increasing motivated L2 learning behavior 
+
+Fathi and Mohammaddokht	
+Enjoyment, Anxiety, Ideal L2 Self, and EFL
+Frontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org	
+2	
+November 2021 | Volume 12 | Article 790648
+(Dörnyei, 2009). A key component of a L2 motivational self 
+system of Dörnyei (2009), the ideal L2 self refers to the ideal 
+image held in learners’ mind of the type of L2 user they hope 
+to become in the future (Magid and Chan, 2012; Nourzadeh 
+et  al., 2020; Yousefifard and Fathi, 2021). For instance, if 
+individuals desire to be competent L2 speakers, the imaginary 
+picture of their L2 self acts as a strong motive force for learning 
+the L2 since they want to minimize the difference between 
+their ideal and actual selves (Dörnyei, 2010). Moreover, research 
+has revealed that ideal L2 self is correlated with different 
+variables such as willingness to communicate (Khajavy and 
+Ghonsooly, 2017), and enthusiastic employment of the foreign 
+language (Papi et  al., 2019). According to Dörnyei (2009), 
+individuals desire to reach a state in which their self-concept 
+(beliefs about oneself) corresponds with their self-guides’ (e.g., 
+ideal self). Previous studies have reported that learners who 
+visualize a clearer ideal L2 self would demonstrate a greater 
+degree of L2 learning motivation (e.g., Kim and Kim, 2014).
+Along with the rise of humanistic psychology, students’ affect 
+(emotion) as well as its influence on language learning has 
+received much attention (Dörnyei, 2010). It was first Arnold 
+(1999) who called for L2 researchers’ attention toward the 
+important concept of affect inside the classroom. With great 
+emphasis on learners’ affection, a plethora of studies have looked 
+into the role of emotions in L2 learning (e.g., Gregersen et al., 
+2014; Dewaele, 2019). In addition to negative emotions, according 
+to Wang et al. (2021), positive emotions, including grit, academic 
+engagement, enjoyment, emotion regulation, well-being, and 
+other similar constructs can influence different aspects of life, 
+especially L2 teaching and learning. With the emergence of 
+positive psychology (Seligman and Csikszentmihalyi, 2000), the 
+field which explores how individuals thrive and flourish, researchers 
+have recognized the significance of positive emotions in the 
+domain of L2 learning (Jiang and Li, 2017; Wang et  al., 2021). 
+As MacIntyre and Gregersen (2012) stated positive emotions 
+can contribute to learners’ L2 development.
+Studies with more holistic view on negative and positive 
+classroom emotions have shown that anxiety impedes students’ 
+cognitive processing, while positive emotions contribute to 
+broadening their cognitive capacity (see Dewaele and MacIntyre, 
+2014). Foreign language classroom anxiety (FLCA) and FLE 
+are recognized as two influential variables in predicting L2 
+outcomes (e.g., Dewaele and Dewaele, 2017) and FL learning 
+(Dewaele and MacIntyre, 2014). During past decades, a number 
+of L2/FL scholars have shown their interest in exploring the 
+effect of FLCA and FLE on general English courses (Elahi-
+Shirvan and Taherian, 2018), learners’ performance (Dewaele 
+and Alfawzan, 2018), gender (Dewaele et  al., 2016), and their 
+WTC (Dewaele, 2019). Nevertheless, a trace of ideal L2 self 
+is not evidenced in their studies. One example of such 
+investigations is the work of Dewaele (2019), in which students’ 
+WTC was negatively and strongly predicted by FLCA, while 
+positively by FLE. This suggests that learner’s WTC benefits 
+from increased FLE and low levels of FLCA in the classroom. 
+Similarly, Dewaele and Dewaele (2018) argued that FLCA is 
+a significant negative correlate of students’ WTC, whereas 
+learners’ positive perceptions toward the FL are its positive 
+predictors. Research in this area has revealed that FLA is a 
+negative predictor of learning and communication (Gregersen 
+and MacIntyre, 2014), whereas enjoyment broadens learners’ 
+perspective about learning language (MacIntyre and Gregersen, 
+2012) and influences their hardiness and resilience positively 
+(Dewaele et  al., 2019). Enjoyment has been also found to 
+be  correlated with L2 achievement (Papi and Khajavy, 2021).
+Reviewing the existing literature of L2 learning has also 
+shown that FLE and FLCA are interrelated (Dewaele and 
+MacIntyre, 2016). Despite the array of published literature on 
+the impact of FLCA and FLE on L2 learning, few empirical 
+studies have explored such constructs in the field of EFL with 
+the particular concentration on ideal L2 self (Elahi-Shirvan 
+et  al., 2018; Papi and Khajavy, 2021). As a result, it seems to 
+be a dearth of studies investigating the role of FLCA and FLE 
+in predicting ideal L2 self among EFL students. Put differently, 
+it is still not verified whether and in what way FLCA and 
+FLE may influence ideal L2 self. Therefore, in order to fill 
+the raised gaps and to shed more light on the role of FLE 
+and FLCA in predicting ideal L2 self, the aim of this study 
+was set to examine the joint effect of FLE and FLCA on ideal 
+L2 self among Iranian EFL students. By having the combination 
+of these variables together, this study adds novelty to the 
+current literature.
+LITERATURE REVIEW
+Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety and 
+Foreign Language Enjoyment
+Broadly speaking, anxiety refers to a kind of aversive emotional 
+and motivational state, which arouses in intimidating 
+circumstances (Eysenck et al., 2007). In the field of L2 learning, 
+an increasing research attention has been directed to anxiety 
+as a negative emotion (Horwitz, 2001; Lee, 2018; Teimouri 
+et  al., 2019). As MacIntyre and Mercer (2014) noted, anxiety 
+is the most extensively studied emotion among negative emotions 
+in L2 research. To date, many studies have examined the 
+association of anxiety with learners’ performance and achievement 
+(e.g., Horwitz, 2010; Dewaele, 2017). Moreover, the study of 
+Horwitz (2010), showed an inverse correlation between FL 
+anxiety and proficiency scores. As far as L2 learning is concerned, 
+the seminal work of Horwitz et  al. (1986) added a new era 
+in research regarding anxiety by developing FLCA scale. 
+Furthermore, they claimed that foreign language anxiety (FLA) 
+and general anxiety are strongly correlated. With the advent 
+of emotion research in L2, FLA has been the target of attention 
+due to its significant influence on students’ cognitive L2 
+performance (Zhou et  al., 2020) and consequences for L2 
+outcomes (Jin and Zhang, 2018).
+Explorations in this line of research have revealed that FLA 
+influences academic achievement negatively (e.g., Khodadady 
+and Khajavy, 2013; Botes et al., 2020). Chen and Chang (2004), 
+for instance, argued that anxious individuals suffer from language 
+difficulty, show poor development skills, and achieve low grades. 
+In conjunction with the role of FLA in learning, one example 
+is a study of Hu et  al. (2021), which focused on exploring 
+
+Fathi and Mohammaddokht	
+Enjoyment, Anxiety, Ideal L2 Self, and EFL
+Frontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org	
+3	
+November 2021 | Volume 12 | Article 790648
+the correlation between primary school students’ FLA and their 
+FL achievement. For data collection, FLCA scale was administered 
+to measure FLA and their FL achievement was assessed through 
+low-stakes assessments plus high-stakes formal examinations. 
+Findings revealed that participants’ FL achievement was predicted 
+by FLA inversely. The results also confirmed a stronger correlation 
+for high-stakes formal examinations in comparison to low-stakes 
+regular assessments.
+Concerning the variables that play a role in affecting FLA, 
+Alamer and Almulhim (2021) have underscored the role of 
+motivation in determining learners’ anxiety level. The results 
+demonstrated a negative correlation between general language 
+anxiety and autonomous motivation in learning English. In 
+addition, Aslan and Thompson (2021) investigated the 
+relationship between Turkish EFL learners’ beliefs and language 
+anxiety. Findings revealed that Turkish EFL students’ negative 
+attitudes toward English and their classroom performance 
+anxiety were positively associated with fear of ambiguity.
+Delving deeply in this respect, Jiang and Dewaele (2020) 
+examined the role of sociobiographical variables and language 
+variables in predicting Chinese university students’ FLA in 
+English. Findings indicated that FLA was significantly correlated 
+with frequent use of language, experience abroad, geographical 
+background, self-perceived oral competence, age of onset of 
+acquisition, and language achievement level. Further results of 
+this study suggested that FLA can be observed as much outside 
+the classroom as inside, while different sources are involved. 
+Regarding the occurrence of remote and online language learning 
+in recent years, Russell (2020) argued that during the global 
+COVID-19 pandemic both teachers and language learners were 
+likely to experience a considerable amount of general anxiety. 
+Given that online language students are required to have 
+interaction with their teacher and classmates through audio 
+and video tools in the target language, they may struggle with 
+anxiety that stems from both the language and the use of the 
+instructional technologies while communicating (Pichette, 2009). 
+Reviewing the literature regarding anxiety, Russell (2020) noted 
+some techniques and interventions that have been suggested 
+to instructors in order to reduce students’ level of anxiety; 
+Teachers can (a) offer the students advice on effective use of 
+language learning strategies, especially during online learning, 
+(b) ask learners to express their fears either in groups or 
+through journaling, (c) encourage students by posting 
+motivational messages and ensure them they have their teachers’ 
+supports and guidance, (d) devote some virtual office time to 
+guide and tutor new online learners, and (e) make students 
+realize that making mistakes is a sign of learning not a failure.
+While a bulk of studies were carried out to investigate negative 
+emotions such as FLA, inadequate research attention had been 
+paid to positive emotions before the arrival of positive psychology 
+in L2 learning (MacIntyre and Gregersen, 2012). The mounting 
+interest in positive psychology in L2 studies (Dewaele et  al., 
+2019) has led to the probing into positive emotions such as 
+enjoyment in FL learning process (Li et al., 2018). Therefore, 
+a call has been made to deepen our understanding of what 
+role positive emotions could play in facilitating the development 
+of language learning (MacIntyre and Gregersen, 2012).
+The recent years have witnessed a turn of research into 
+positive emotions, including growth mindset (Zarrinabadi et al., 
+2021), joy (Tahmouresi and Papi, 2021), well-being (Zeng et al., 
+2016), and grit (Teimouri et al., 2020). To this list, enjoyment 
+is the widely studied positive emotion (Li, 2020; Li et  al., 
+2021). Particularly, FLE, which could be  conceptualized as 
+enjoyment experienced during L2 learning, has drawn increasing 
+attention since it is recognized as the counterpart of FLA 
+(Jiang and Dewaele, 2019). FLE scale, which was initially 
+introduced by Dewaele and MacIntyre (2014), has remained 
+the most approved for measuring FLE. In order to balance 
+research literature that has examined the role of negative 
+emotions, language anxiety in particular, researchers have taken 
+into consideration the role of positive emotions (Sadoughi 
+and Hejazi, 2021). According to Cao (2014), both negative 
+and positive emotions are dominant individual variables that 
+influence classroom interactions. In addition, Dewaele and 
+MacIntyre (2016) have emphasized that researchers should 
+investigate the role of positive emotions, specifically enjoyment 
+in learning.
+In line with research into negative and positive emotional 
+effects, an accumulated research interest into the combined 
+effect of FLCA and FLE on learning has been evident during 
+the past years (e.g., Li et  al., 2020, 2021). A study of Dewaele 
+and MacIntyre (2014) was the first study which investigated 
+FLCA and FLE at the same time and underscored the importance 
+of both positive and negative emotions. This mixed-method 
+study collected data from 1,746 FL learners with different ages 
+from all over the world. By and large, participants showed 
+higher degrees of FLE than FLCA. Their research findings 
+confirmed that a range of learner-external and learner-internal 
+variables predicted learners’ level of FLE and FLCA in the FL 
+classroom. Findings indicated that FLE is higher in those older 
+learners who have higher degree of education, feel more proficient 
+that their classmates, and know several languages. Another 
+finding of this study is that female participants showed higher 
+FLCA and FLE, compared to male participants. It is also proven 
+that as learners mastered FL their level of FLA decreased, 
+while their FLE increased. Moreover, the majority of participants 
+mentioned that speaking the target of language in front of 
+their peers was both enjoyable and highly anxiety-provoking. 
+In another study, Dewaele and Alfawzan (2018) examined FLE 
+and FLA among 189 L2 students in London and EFL learners 
+in Saudi Arabia. Findings revealed that learners’ L2 performance 
+was positively influenced by FLE and negatively by FLA.
+Previous research has shown that FLCA is negatively associated 
+with WTC (Liu and Jackson, 2008), frequent use of language 
+learning strategy, perceived competence (MacIntyre et al., 1997), 
+and FL achievement (Hu et al., 2021). In turn, FLE is positively 
+linked with WTC (Dewaele and Pavelescu, 2021), more positive 
+perceptions toward L2 use, and the amount of time learners 
+spend speaking the FL (Dewaele et  al., 2018), and language 
+proficiency (Jin and Zhang, 2018). Furthermore, a quite recent 
+study conducted by Zhang et al. (2020) highlighted the significance 
+of positive psychology, particularly FLE in learning FL/L2 learning. 
+The results of their study demonstrated that FLE has a mediating 
+role in the association between motivation and L2/FL proficiency.
+
+Fathi and Mohammaddokht	
+Enjoyment, Anxiety, Ideal L2 Self, and EFL
+Frontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org	
+4	
+November 2021 | Volume 12 | Article 790648
+Recently, Dewaele and Dewaele (2020) investigated the effect 
+of teachers on FLCA and FLE at a single point at time. In 
+other words, they intended to find out whether students’ FLE 
+and FLCA were similar when learning the same FL in the 
+classes of two different teachers. Participants were divided to 
+two groups: a group of students had two FL teachers, while 
+the rest of them were taught by just one FL teacher. Findings 
+revealed that whereas students reported significant higher levels 
+of FLE with the main teacher, FLCA stayed constant with 
+both teachers. The positive and significant FLE with the main 
+teacher was predicted by the teacher’s frequent use of the 
+target language, unpredictability, and students’ perceptions 
+toward their teacher.
+Even though FLA and FLE represent negative and positive 
+emotions in the FL classroom, it is worth mentioning that 
+they are not opposite of each other (MacIntyre and Gregersen, 
+2012). Rather, according to Dewaele and MacIntyre (2016), 
+FLA and FLE can be  regarded as the right and left feet of 
+the language learners. Furthermore, the findings from a 
+subsequent study by Dewaele and MacIntyre (2019) confirmed 
+that FLCA and FLE are fairly two independent emotions and 
+relatively separate dimensions. The results of their study showed 
+an average inverse relationship between FLE and FLCA. In a 
+same vein, Dewaele and MacIntyre (2014) asserted that anxiety 
+and enjoyment are independent emotions that the presence 
+of one does not imply the absence of the other.
+Ideal L2 Self
+The primary research into L2 motivation was largely influenced 
+and inspired by the studies of Robert Gardner (the Canadian 
+social psychologists) and his colleagues (e.g., Gardner and 
+Lambert, 1972; Gardner, 1985). Retrospectively, a socio-
+educational model of Gardner (1985), which was a classic 
+conceptualization of the integrative motive, had prevailed 
+in most concepts of the L2 motivation. Starting in the 1990s, 
+the construct of integrativeness was bombarded with criticisms 
+despite its significance (Dörnyei, 2010). For instance, in FL 
+learning contexts where students learn a FL just as a 
+curriculum subject without much exposure to the target 
+language (e.g., learning English as a FL in China) integration 
+does not make sense. Given that the model of Gardner 
+(1985) was hardly applicable to educational contexts, especially 
+EFL context, (Dörnyei, 2005, 2009) proposed a new theory 
+of the L2 motivational self-system built upon the theoretical 
+foundation of Gardner (1985). This construct, including 
+ideal L2 self, ought-to L2 self, and L2 experience, has 
+provided a wider scope for other variables to be  examined 
+within L2 motivation and can be  applied extensively across 
+various linguistic and cultural contexts (Dörnyei, 2010). 
+During the past decades, inquiries have arisen to investigate 
+the two core components of proposed construct of Dörnyei 
+(2005, 2009), namely ought-to L2 self and the ideal L2 self 
+in different L2 settings (see Taguchi et  al., 2009). The ideal 
+L2 self, which has been considered as an important notion 
+to uncover and realize motivation regarding language learning 
+(e.g., Kim and Kim, 2012), is referred to as a favorable 
+self-image, which L2 learners want to reach in the future 
+with regard to learning the L2 (Dörnyei, 2005, 2009). The 
+ideal L2 self, according to Dörnyei (2010) acts as a powerful 
+motivator when one tries to bridge the gap and distance 
+between their actual L2 skills and the future ambitions of 
+L2 learning. In recent years, numerous researchers have 
+carried out research to illuminate the link between deal L2 
+self and FLE (e.g., Ryan, 2009; Yashima, 2009; Ueki and 
+Takeuchi, 2013). The significance of ideal L2 self in affecting 
+motivational intensity and persistence in L2 learning is 
+manifested in the study of Feng and Papi (2020).
+In regard to the effect of ideal L2-self on language 
+achievement, Dörnyei and Chan (2013) claimed that highly 
+motivated learners with more distinct ideal L2 self-images 
+have the potential of achieving L2 more successfully. Moreover, 
+Kong et al. (2018) probed into the association between ideal 
+L2 self and FLE in Korean EFL context. Findings of their 
+study indicated that learners who had greater ideal L2 self 
+seemed to enjoy their L2 learning. It was also revealed that 
+although ideal L2-self played an important role in affecting 
+FLE, ought-to L2 self had no correlation with learners’ view 
+of L2 learning.
+Concerning L2 motivational self system in association 
+with L2 anxiety, findings from the study of Papi (2010) 
+confirmed the significant role of ideal L2 self in influencing 
+L2 anxiety. It was also noted that L2 motivational self system 
+encourages students to devote more effort and energy to 
+learning English. Similarly, Ueki and Takeuchi (2013) pointed 
+to the negative contribution of ideal L2 self to anxiety. 
+Their proposed model indicated that ideal L2 self had a 
+significant effect on L2 learning motivation. In another study, 
+Peng (2015) highlighted that ideal L2 self was inversely 
+related to L2 anxiety. In contrast, the subsequent investigation 
+of Yang (2012), done in Taiwan, showed a different picture 
+regarding the inter-connection between ideal L2 self and 
+anxiety. This study recruited 108 undergraduate students in 
+Applied English who had experience of learning EFL for 
+at least 6 years. The findings revealed that ideal L2 self 
+affected anxiety significantly. Concerning the association 
+between enjoyment and ideal L2 self, Papi and Khajavy 
+(2021) highlighted that ideal L2 self was a positive correlate 
+of enjoyment. In a same vein, Teimouri (2017) emphasized 
+the association between joy and ideal L2 self.
+Reviewing the abovementioned studies has indicated that 
+the majority of research has either compared and contrasted 
+FLE and FLA or explored their association with different 
+learner variables. Yet, no empirical study has so far dealt 
+with the role of both FLE and FLCA in predicting ideal 
+L2 self. Nor has any study examined the constructs of 
+ideal L2 self, FLE, and FLCA. The only published study, 
+which has partially touched this area, is a study of Tahmouresi 
+and Papi (2021). The purpose of their study was to find 
+out how learners’ L2 writing selves (e.g., ought L2 self and 
+ideal L2 self) directly and indirectly influence L2 writing 
+achievement through anxiety and enjoyment. Taken together, 
+the findings of the presents study will contribute to the 
+exiting 
+literature 
+related 
+to 
+anxiety, 
+enjoyment, 
+and motivation.
+
+Fathi and Mohammaddokht	
+Enjoyment, Anxiety, Ideal L2 Self, and EFL
+Frontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org	
+5	
+November 2021 | Volume 12 | Article 790648
+MATERIALS AND METHODS
+Participants
+A total number of 195 English-major learners from several 
+universities in Iran responded to the survey. The respondents 
+were undergraduate English major students from different 
+provinces and they were selected based on convenience sampling 
+procedure (Ary et  al., 2018). The sample consisted of both 
+male (N = 88) and female (N = 107) students whose ages ranged 
+from 21 to 29, with mean age of 22.16. Their English learning 
+experience varied from 5 to 14 years, with an average of 6.3 years 
+of experience.
+Instruments
+Foreign Language Enjoyment Scale
+This scale contained 10 items which were taken from Jiang 
+and Dewaele (2019). These statements indicate both the social 
+and private components of FLE (Dewaele and MacIntyre, 2016). 
+Every item was measured using a five-point Likert scale varying 
+from “not at all” to “very much so.”
+Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale
+This scale which was developed by Jiang and Dewaele (2019) 
+consisted of eight items concerning physical symptoms of 
+anxiety, nervousness, and lack of confidence. Jiang and Dewaele 
+(2019) adapted the items from the FLCAS (Horwitz et  al., 
+1986). The scale measures two components of low anxiety 
+(two items) and high anxiety (six items). Reverse-coding was 
+applied to items of low anxiety for the sake of consistency in 
+computing the total score.
+Ideal L2 Self Scale
+The Ideal L2 Self scale included eight items which were adapted 
+from Papi and Abdollahzadeh (2012). This scale intended to 
+assess the learners’ image of their ideal selves regarding using 
+English. Each item was measured using a Likert scale ranging 
+from 1 (Strongly Disagree) to 6 (Strongly Agree).
+Procedure
+As the design of the study was a correlational research, 
+the data were gathered by giving the three self-report 
+measuring instruments of the three constructs (i.e., FLE, 
+FLCA, and ideal L2 self). In so doing, the questionnaires 
+were put together in a form of an online survey using the 
+Google Docs application.1 The data collection started in 
+the winter of 2021 with cooperation of some English-major 
+university instructors who were teaching at different 
+universities in Iran. The link of the Google-Docs survey 
+was sent to these instructors. Then they shared the links 
+with their English major undergraduate students via Telegram 
+or WhatsApp groups and requested them to respond to 
+the items of the questionnaires. It took about a month to 
+collect all the data.
+1https://docs.google.com
+Data Analysis
+The data were analyzed using SPSS (version 22) and AMOS 
+(21) for data imputation, descriptive statistics analyses, and 
+carrying out confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) as well as 
+Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The latent constructs 
+were validated using CFA (Kline, 2011). Then SEM was employed 
+as a powerful multivariate procedure to verify the hypothesized 
+structural model. As the first step, normality of the data, 
+outliers, and missing values were checked by an initial screening. 
+Expectation–maximization algorithm was used for missing data 
+(Kline, 2011). Univariate outliers were examined with standard 
+scores, and Mahalanobis D2 was employed to determine 
+multivariate outliers. Following recommendations by Tabachnick 
+and Fidell (2007), univariate and multivariate outliers were 
+detected and eliminated, leading to 195 valid cases for SEM 
+analyses. Skewness and kurtosis values fell within the range 
+of −1 to +1, confirming the normality of the data.
+The validity of the measurement models for the three latent 
+constructs was examined using CFA and fit indices (Kline, 
+2011). In the current study, χ2/df (chi-square to degrees of 
+freedom ratio), goodness-of-fit index (GFI), Tucker-Lewis index 
+(TLI), comparative fit index (CFI), and root mean square error 
+of approximation (RMSEA). The acceptable values of the indices 
+are χ2/df < 3, GFI > 0.95, TLI > 0.95, CFI > 0.95, and RMSEA < 0.06 
+(Hu and Bentler, 1999). As the measurement models for the 
+FLE and did not demonstrate adequacy to the data, two items 
+were removed from the FLE scale. Then AMOS 21 was employed 
+to investigate the structural model with the maximum likelihood 
+technique and variance–covariance matrices as input.
+RESULTS
+Before running SEM for testing the structural model, the results 
+of CFAs indicated the validity of the measurement models 
+(see Table  1). As indicated in Table  1, the models showed 
+acceptable fit. In other words, the construct validity of the 
+three scales (i.e., FLCA, FLE, and ideal L2 self) was approved. 
+Also, Cronbach’s α calculations indicated that the scales were 
+of acceptable reliability indices. Table 2 indicates the reliability 
+of the scales.
+After that, descriptive statistics and correlations between 
+the constructs were calculated. Table 3 indicates the descriptive 
+statistics and correlations among FLCA, FLE, and ideal L2 
+self. As illustrated in Table  3, the correlation between FLE 
+and ideal L2 self (r = 0.56, p < 0.01) was greater than the 
+correlation between FLCA and ideal L2 self (r = 0.44, p < 0.01).
+After that, SEM was utilized to test the structural model 
+in which the two variables of FLCA and FLE acted as the 
+predictors of ideal L2 self. To this end, two structural models 
+were proposed, as depicted in Figure  1. The structures of the 
+inter-connections for the two models (A and B) were the 
+same. However, both models were tested to shed more light 
+on the associations. Additionally, the unique contribution of 
+each predictor (i.e., FLCA and FLE) on the criterion variable 
+(i.e., ideal L2 self) was examined using fit indices and common 
+
+Fathi and Mohammaddokht	
+Enjoyment, Anxiety, Ideal L2 Self, and EFL
+Frontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org	
+6	
+November 2021 | Volume 12 | Article 790648
+variance measures. The models evaluated against fit indices 
+showed a good fit for the structural models (see Table  3). As 
+indicated in model A, FLE and FLCA had 11.2% of variance 
+in common (R2 = 0.335). FLE and ideal L2 self showed 23.7% 
+common variance (R2 = 0.487). Similarly, FLCA and ideal L2 
+self had 14.7% of shared variance (R2 = 0.384). Based on these 
+results, it can be  concluded that FLE was a stronger predictor 
+of ideal L2 self than FLCA.
+Furthermore, to determine the unique contribution of FLE 
+and FLCA beyond and above each other, R2 increments were 
+checked by comparing the percentage of variation in ideal L2 
+self, which is depicted in both models. Model B demonstrated 
+that FLE and FLCA together explained 31% of the total variance 
+in ideal L2 self. Thus, it can be  stated that FLCA by itself 
+contributed to the additional amount of 8% of the variance 
+in ideal L2 self, beyond the single FLE (Δχ2 = 0.31–0.23 = 0.08). 
+Moreover, the unique contribution of FLE in accounting for 
+ideal L2 self above the FLCA as the single explanatory variable 
+was 20% (Δχ2 = 0.31–0.11 = 0.20). As proved by these results, 
+the unique impact of FLE was higher than FLCA (Table  4).
+Finally, the unique impacts of FLCA and FLE on ideal L2 
+self was tested by constraining each related beta weights to 
+zero. The significant Δχ2 was considered as the criterion for 
+evaluating the models. In other words, in case zero beta weights 
+leads to significant Δχ2 (i.e., changes in χ2); the unique impact 
+of every predictor in the model is regarded to be  substantial. 
+Table  3 shows both the fit indices and Δχ2 for the specified 
+models. Constraining beta weights to zero for FLCA in model 
+A1 (β FLCA = 0) and anxiety in model A2 (β FLE = 0) yielded 
+significant Δχ2 (model A1 (β FLCA = 0): Δχ2 (1, N = 195) = 5.26, 
+p < 0.01; model A2 (β FLE = 0): Δχ2 (1, N = 195) = 6.01, p < 0.01). 
+These results also verified the significant predictive power of 
+FLCA and FLE in influencing ideal L2 self.
+DISCUSSION
+With the aim of shedding more light on the role of negative 
+and positive emotions in L2 learning, the present study 
+sought to explore the joint influence of negative and positive 
+emotions on the ideal L2 self. More particularly, this research 
+explored whether and how FLCA and FLE could predict 
+ideal L2 self, a central element of L2 motivational self system 
+(Dörnyei, 2009). The findings obtained from the proposed 
+structural model indicated two major findings. First, it was 
+revealed that FLCA predicted ideal L2 self negatively. This 
+is partially in agreement with those of other empirical 
+research (e.g., Papi, 2010; Yang, 2012; Ueki and Takeuchi, 
+2013), which reported a strong link between ideal L2 self 
+and anxiety. The findings from a study of Yang (2012), for 
+instance, showed that ideal L2 self acted as a significant 
+correlate of FL anxiety. It was suggested that since Taiwanese 
+students were highly motivated to achieve high proficiency 
+level in English, they experienced higher anxiety level to 
+reach their goal in the future. In other words, learners’ 
+desires to become like native speakers caused them to feel 
+a significant level of anxiety. Moreover, this is partially in 
+line with the study conducted by Papi (2010), in which the 
+impact of Iranian EFL students’ ideal L2 self on anxiety 
+revealed that ideal L2 self had a strong role in decreasing 
+their anxiety level.
+In light of justifying such findings, it can be  claimed that 
+the high level of anxiety that learners experience prevents them 
+from articulating answers to questions, following the lesson, 
+and socializing with others. Therefore, given their inability in 
+communication and learning, they visualize a negative and 
+unclear self-image of their L2 learning in future. This argument 
+can be at variance with Ueki and Takeuchi (2013), who suggested 
+that students without a clear image of their ideal L2 self show 
+greater tendency to deal with more anxiety in L2 learning 
+compared to those who have clearer images. Moreover, it can 
+be  argued that students susceptible to high degrees of anxiety 
+get demotivated when they are negatively evaluated because 
+of their mistakes and poor performance. Therefore, the low 
+levels of motivation dampen their desire and aspiration 
+concerning language learning. This may suggest that FLCA 
+has a detrimental influence on EFL students’ ideal self-images 
+of L2 learning and its use in the future.
+TABLE 1  |  Fit indices of the measurement models.
+χ2
+df
+χ2/df
+GFI
+CFI
+TLI
+RMSEA
+FLE
+40.23
+20
+2.01
+0.96
+0.98
+0.97
+0.05
+FLCA
+212.11
+107
+1.98
+0.97
+0.98
+0.98
+0.04
+Ideal L2 self
+98.12
+59
+1.66
+0.96
+0.97
+0.97
+0.05
+TABLE 2  |  Reliability of the scales.
+Scales
+Cronbach’s α
+FLE
+0.81
+FLCA
+0.79
+Ideal L2 self
+0.85
+TABLE 3  |  Descriptive statistics and correlations.
+Mean (SD)
+Correlation
+1
+2
+3
+4
+FLCA
+2.36 (0.79)
+1.00
+FLE
+3.28 (1.02)
+−0.34*
+1.00
+Ideal L2 self
+3.19 (0.98)
+−0.44**
+0.56**
+1.00
+*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.
+
+Fathi and Mohammaddokht	
+Enjoyment, Anxiety, Ideal L2 Self, and EFL
+Frontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org	
+7	
+November 2021 | Volume 12 | Article 790648
+The second and foremost finding of this study revealed 
+that FLE plays a positive stronger role in predicting ideal L2 
+self. This result resonates with the findings of a number of 
+studies highlighting the correlation between FLE and ideal L2 
+self (Teimouri, 2017; Papi and Khajavy, 2021). The stronger 
+effect of FLE on ideal L2 self can be  justified in the light of 
+Dewaele and MacIntyre (2014) findings, which indicated that 
+students showed more enjoyment than anxiety in the classroom. 
+Model A 
+B
+le
+d
+o
+M
+FIGURE 1  |  Foreign language classroom anxiety (FLCA) and foreign language enjoyment (FLE) as predictors of ideal L2 self. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001.
+
+Fathi and Mohammaddokht	
+Enjoyment, Anxiety, Ideal L2 Self, and EFL
+Frontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org	
+8	
+November 2021 | Volume 12 | Article 790648
+Likewise, the results from the study of Khajavy et  al. (2018) 
+showed that Iranian EFL students experienced higher levels 
+of enjoyment than anxiety inside the class. Given the results 
+of these two studies, an interpretation seems valid: the more 
+students enjoy the process of their learning, the less anxiety 
+they experience. As a result, the high levels of students’ enjoyment 
+and interest boost their motivation (Papi et  al., 2019) which 
+results in positive perceptions toward L2 self-images (e.g., 
+attempting to speak the target language fluently) in the future. 
+It is acknowledged that there exists a strong relationship between 
+language learning enjoyment and motivation (see Zhang et al., 
+2020). This partially aligns with the investigation of Tahmouresi 
+and Papi (2021), which indicated that ideal L2 writing self 
+significantly affected L2 writing enjoyment, achievement, and 
+motivation, thereby reducing their L2 writing anxiety. Further 
+research carried out by Papi and Khajavy (2021) supported 
+the significance of ideal L2 self in predicting enjoyment and 
+anxiety. In a same vein, Teimouri (2017) found that the ideal 
+L2 self and enjoyment were significantly associated.
+The introduction of positive psychology in applied linguistics 
+has caused a shift from exclusive concentration on negative 
+emotions, particularly FLCA to positive emotions, such as FLE 
+(Dewaele et al., 2019). Shifting from the only focus on negative 
+emotions, researchers have shown a more integrated view toward 
+negative as well as positive emotions that students experience 
+in L2 learning process (Li et  al., 2020). As Dewaele and 
+MacIntyre (2016) have highlighted the influential role of both 
+positive and negative emotions in language learning, suggesting 
+that they are language leaners’ right and left feet. Research 
+into positive emotions and negative emotions such as FLE 
+and FLCA in FL classroom has flourished during the past 
+decades. L2 researchers have tried to advance the existing 
+knowledge on how FLCA as negative and FLE as positive 
+emotions play significant roles in affecting learning from a 
+dynamic perspective. However, considering the fact that no 
+study has investigated the role of both FLCA and FLE in 
+predicting language learners’ ideal L2 self-images, the present 
+study attempted to fill this gap. The obtained findings of this 
+study can enrich literature on how negative and positive emotions 
+affect ideal L2 self, a core aspect of theory of motivation of 
+Dörnyei (2005, 2009).
+CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS
+Taken together, the findings of this study manifested the 
+significant roles that FLCA and FLE play in learners’ ideal 
+L2 self in an Iranian EFL setting. It was revealed that FLCA 
+negatively predicted the ideal L2 self of EFL students, whereas 
+FLE positively predicted ideal L2 self. This is to argue that 
+students with greater enjoyment levels are likely to have 
+positive image of their L2 self, while anxious students seem 
+to have negative perceptions toward their ideal L2 self in 
+the future. The results drawn from the present research 
+might add novel insights to the extant related knowledge. 
+These findings validate previous studies in the field of L2 
+learning which have highlighted the importance of students’ 
+emotions 
+and 
+affective 
+domain 
+on 
+their 
+language 
+learning motivation.
+The findings of this study point to a number of potential 
+pedagogical implications for teachers. EFL teachers can build 
+a stress-free and comfortable environment by implementing 
+various procedures, which promote students’ emotional security. 
+In case teachers are able to lessen anxiety and increase 
+enjoyment in learning atmosphere, they can enhance students’ 
+ideal L2 self and their language learning motivation. Research 
+has testified that language teachers have significant roles in 
+decreasing FLCA and strengthening FLE among their students 
+in the classrooms (Dewaele and Dewaele, 2020). From Dewaele 
+and MacIntyre (2014) perspectives, in addition to friendly 
+peers, and positive classroom environment, enjoyment is 
+boosted by supportive teachers. There might be various practical 
+strategies for teachers to create non-threatening classroom 
+environments. For instance, allowing students to work in 
+groups or pairs rather than lecturing alone in front of their 
+peers can reduce their anxiety level. In addition, playing a 
+short part of a musical instrument or song during break 
+times or pumping students up with a 5-min challenge or 
+physical activity, such as a simple whole-body stretches can 
+be considered as relaxation exercises. These exercises can also 
+give students feeling of enjoyment. For group discussions, 
+teachers can also choose interesting and familiar topics, which 
+students have background knowledge to talk about. Research 
+has shown that students get nervous when they encounter 
+unfamiliar topics (Cao and Philp, 2006). In another study, 
+Pawlak and Mystkowska-Wiertelak (2015) maintained that 
+students are unwilling to communicate when the topic is 
+boring and tiring. Additionally, it is recommended that teachers 
+use technology as a tool to teach a part of their lesson in 
+order to make the learning more enjoyable and motivating. 
+As an example, the teacher can divide the whole class into 
+some groups consisting of 3–6 members and engage them 
+in online tasks which they can work on collaboratively. The 
+key is combining learning models and teaching practices with 
+safe social media and technology learning tool use to promote 
+students’ understanding.
+TABLE 4  |  Goodness of fit indices.
+χ2
+χ2/df
+GFI
+TLI
+CFI
+RMSEA
+Δχ2
+Models A and B
+5.36
+1.72
+0.98
+0.97
+0.98
+0.042
+Model A1 (β FLCA = 0)
+10.62
+2.53
+0.97
+0.98
+0.97
+0.035
+5.26*
+Model A2 (β FLE = 0)
+11.37
+2.76
+0.96
+0.97
+0.96
+0.028
+6.01*
+*p < 0.05.
+
+Fathi and Mohammaddokht	
+Enjoyment, Anxiety, Ideal L2 Self, and EFL
+Frontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org	
+9	
+November 2021 | Volume 12 | Article 790648
+Despite the fact that the present study yielded important 
+results with regard to the effects of both negative and positive 
+emotional factors (FLE and FLCA) on the students’ ideal L2 
+self, it also has some limitations. First, the relevant data were 
+gathered from a relatively limited number of EFL learners in 
+Iran. Thus, the obtained results may lack adequate generalizability 
+to other contexts. In other words, every learning setting has 
+its own particular culture and educational system that requires 
+to be  directly investigated before drawing any conclusions. 
+Conducting a study with a nation-wide sample can add to 
+the transferability and validity of the findings. In addition, 
+the present researchers employed only quantitative research 
+method. Therefore, using qualitative approaches in conjunction 
+with questionnaires would further our understanding and give 
+us a vivid image of the role of individual variables on motivation. 
+Exploring how negative and positive emotional factors interact 
+with cognitive variables via the lens of ideal L2 selves can 
+be  an intriguing topic for future researchers interested in 
+this area.
+DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
+The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will 
+be  made available by the authors, without undue reservation.
+ETHICS STATEMENT
+The studies involving human participants were reviewed and 
+approved by University of Kurdistan. The patients/participants 
+provided their written informed consent to participate in 
+this study.
+AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
+All authors listed have made a substantial,  direct and intellectual 
+contribution to the work, and approved it for publication.
+ 
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+Russell, V. (2020). Language anxiety and the online learner. Foreign Lang. Ann. 
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+Ryan, S. (2009). “Chapter 6: self and identity in L2 motivation in Japan: the 
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+Multilingual Matters), 120–143.
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+Eval. 70:101060. doi: 10.1016/j.stueduc.2021.101060
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+eds. Z. Dörnyei and E. Ushioda (Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters), 66–97.
+Tahmouresi, S., and Papi, M. (2021). Future selves, enjoyment and anxiety as 
+predictors of L2 writing achievement. J. Second. Lang. Writ. 53:100837. doi: 
+10.1016/j.jslw.2021.100837
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+Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that the research was conducted in 
+the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed 
+as a potential conflict of interest.
+Publisher’s Note: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the 
+authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, 
+or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may 
+be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is 
+not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
+Copyright © 2021 Fathi and Mohammaddokht. This is an open-access article 
+distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 
+(CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, 
+provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and 
+that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with 
+accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted 
+which does not comply with these terms.
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/44ee54fe2067c078.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/44ee54fe2067c078.txt
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@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Textile waste management and recycling opportunities and challenges for Africa
+
+Global fibre supply increased to 113 million tonnes in 2021, contributing to elevated energy and water consumption levels, agricultural pollution, and post-consumer textile waste. Introducing second-hand clothing as an alternative to mitigate textile waste is advantageous for providing affordable clothing. However, the disposal of substandard and unsold garments obstructs riverways and drainage systems, leading to flooding. Moreover, incineration produces heightened greenhouse gas emissions, exacerbating poverty and impeding development, particularly in Africa. Nevertheless, textile wastes present opportunities for establishing large-scale regeneration and recycling facilities, offering the potential for employment generation and skill development in Africa. This mini-review aims to underscore Africa’s potential and challenges in textile waste recycling. The findings underscore the importance of recognizing African textile waste, both as an environmental hazard and as a valuable resource for the production of new clothing. Additionally, they emphasize how efforts to add value to recovered textiles are gaining traction, particularly in East, South, and North Africa. However, no formal textile recycling facilities were identified in West and Central Africa. This mini-review is constrained by data limitations, encouraging future researchers to broaden its scope by examining individual countries and recycling companies.
\ No newline at end of file
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new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2a2139ea0acd7162f33e776d0fd231dc7a587514
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@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+Correction: Possible age-related differences in healthcare professionals’ perspectives on younger and older patients’ autonomy and decision-making in the context of sedation in specialised palliative care: exploratory secondary qualitative content and linguistic conversation analysis of interviews with healthcare professionals
+
+Kurkowski et al. BMC Palliative Care           (2022) 21:92  
+https://doi.org/10.1186/s12904-022-00990-9
+CORRECTION
+Correction: Possible age‑related differences 
+in healthcare professionals’ perspectives 
+on younger and older patients’ autonomy 
+and decision‑making in the context of sedation 
+in specialised palliative care: exploratory 
+secondary qualitative content and linguistic 
+conversation analysis of interviews 
+with healthcare professionals
+Sandra Kurkowski1,2*, Maria Heckel1, Larissa Pfaller3, Joachim Peters4, Jeremias Bazata5, Eva Schildmann5,6 and 
+Christoph Ostgathe1 
+© The Author(s) 2022. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which 
+permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the 
+original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or 
+other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line 
+to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory 
+regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this 
+licence, visit http://​creat​iveco​mmons.​org/​licen​ses/​by/4.​0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://​creat​iveco​
+mmons.​org/​publi​cdoma​in/​zero/1.​0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
+Correction: BMC Palliative Care 21, 1 (2022).
+https://​doi.​org/​10.​1186/​s12904-​022-​00963-y
+Following the publication of the original article [1], the 
+author reported that the given name and family name of 
+all authors were erroneously transposed.
+The author group has been updated above and the orig-
+inal article [1] has been corrected.
+Author details
+1 Department of Palliative Medicine, CCC Erlangen – EMN, Universitätsklinikum 
+Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, 
+Germany. 2 Berlin, Germany. 3 Institute of Sociology, Friedrich-Alexander-Uni-
+versität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany. 4 Chair of German Linguistics, 
+Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany. 
+5 Department of Palliative Medicine, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany. 
+6 Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität 
+Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Hematology, Oncology 
+and Cancer Immunology, Oncological Palliative Care & Charité Comprehensive 
+Cancer Center, Berlin, Germany. 
+Reference
+	1.	
+Kurkowski S, Heckel M, Pfaller L, et al. Possible age-related differences 
+in healthcare professionals’ perspectives on younger and older patients’ 
+autonomy and decision-making in the context of sedation in specialised 
+palliative care: exploratory secondary qualitative content and linguistic 
+conversation analysis of interviews with healthcare professionals. BMC 
+Palliat Care. 2022;21:71. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1186/​s12904-​022-​00963-y.
+Open Access
+The original article can be found online at https://​doi.​org/​10.​1186/​s12904-​
+022-​00963-y.
+*Correspondence:  sandrakurkowski@web.de
+2 Berlin, Germany
+Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/478d51ed8759e88a.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/478d51ed8759e88a.txt
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@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Corrigendum: Application of a Medical Diode Laser (810 nm) for Disinfecting Small Microbiologically Contaminated Spots on Degraded Collagenous Materials for Improved Biosafety in Objects of Exceptional Historical Value From the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum and Protection of Human Health
+
+Microbiol. 11:596852. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.596852 In the original article, there was an error. We stated: However, in the case of parchment documents and leather objects, this method was used only by one group of researchers (Migliore et al., 2017(Migliore et al., , 2019Perini et al., 2019). The subject of their analyses was only haloarcheae, not the entire community of microorganisms inhabiting historical collagen-based materials as in this study. Actually, in all the cited papers the entire microbial communities are clearly shown and the entire databases are deposited to be used by the entire scientific community.A correction has been made to Discussion:However, in the case of parchment documents and leather objects, this method was used only by one group of researchers (Migliore et al., 2017(Migliore et al., , 2019Perini et al., 2019). The subjects of their analyses were purple spot damages of parchment and commercial leather, triggered by
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/48c9627886a72ebb.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/48c9627886a72ebb.txt
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@@ -0,0 +1,1007 @@
+Epicurean Happiness: A Pig's Life?
+
+In this paper, I argue that for Epicurus, the highest form and final end of human happiness arises whenthe body is free from pain and the soul is free from distress; these, moreover, are what Epicurus denotesas the static pleasures. The static pleasures may be accompanied by pleasant thoughts and sensations:these are what are called the kinetic pleasures. More particularly, the kinetic pleasures of the body arenot those of replenishment (as is commonly supposed), but consist rather in unalloyed, but alsounnecessary, pleasures such as sweet smells and delicious tastes; correspondingly, the kinetic pleasuresof the mind are joy (khara) and good cheer (euphrosunê), which also are in the class of non-necessarypleasures.
+
+ 
+ 
+ 
+Journal of Ancient Philosophy Vol. VI 2012 Issue 1 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+Epicurean Happiness: A Pig's Life?1 
+Epicuri de grege porcum 
+("A pig from the sty of Epicurus")  
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+-- Horace 
+ 
+David Konstan (Brown University) 
+ 
+In this paper, I argue that for Epicurus, the highest form and final end of human happiness arises when 
+the body is free from pain and the soul is free from distress; these, moreover, are what Epicurus denotes 
+as the static pleasures. The static pleasures may be accompanied by pleasant thoughts and sensations: 
+these are what are called the kinetic pleasures. More particularly, the kinetic pleasures of the body are 
+not those of replenishment (as is commonly supposed), but consist rather in unalloyed, but also 
+unnecessary, pleasures such as sweet smells and delicious tastes; correspondingly, the kinetic pleasures 
+of the mind are joy (khara) and good cheer (euphrosunê), which also are in the class of non-necessary 
+pleasures. 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+In an epistle addressed to his melancholy friend and fellow poet, Albius Tibullus, Horace wrote: 
+Albius, sincere judge of my Satires, what shall I  
+Say you're doing in your native country at Pedum? 
+Writing something to outdo Cassius of Parma's pieces, 
+Or creeping about silently in healthy woodland, 
+Thinking of all that belongs to the wise and good?  
+You were never just a body, lacking in feelings: 
+The gods gave you beauty, wealth, the art of enjoyment. 
+What more would a nurse desire for her sweet darling 
+Than wisdom, the power to express what he feels,  
+With a generous share of kindness, health and fame, 
+An elegant mode of life, and no lack of money? 
+Beset by hopes and anxieties, indignation and fear, 
+                                                 
+1  I am much indebted to Francesco Verde and Phillip Mitsis for their comments on an earlier draft of this paper. 
+
+2 
+ 
+ 
+Journal of Ancient Philosophy Vol. VI 2012 Issue 1 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+Treat every day that dawns for you as the last. 
+The hour that’s unhoped for will be welcome when it comes. 
+When you want to smile then visit me: sleek, and fat  
+I'm a hog, well cared-for, one of Epicurus' herd. 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+(trans. A.S. Kline 2003-05, slightly modified)2  
+Horace wittily contrasts his own simple contentment with the brooding temperament of Tibullus, 
+and recommends that he rid himself of cares by ceasing to worry about death and living in the moment -
+- not to concern himself with surpassing Cassius as a poet, nor to brood (Horace's word is curantem) 
+about what kind of behavior is worthy (dignum) of a sage or good person. The advice accords well with 
+Epicurus' emphasis on pleasure as the goal of life, and his belief that what most upsets human lives is 
+the fear of death: rid yourself of that, and you will have all the joy of which human nature is capable -- 
+and which, Horace seems to imply, is more or less that of a well-fed and pampered pig. 
+ 
+If indeed pleasure is the supreme goal in life, and if pleasure, moreover, is perceived through the 
+senses, then it would seem to follow that a pig, or any other sentient animal, is capable of achieving 
+perfect happiness: hence Horace's image is strictly appropriate for an Epicurean.3 In Cicero's treatise On 
+                                                 
+2  Albi, nostrorum sermonum candide iudex,  
+quid nunc te dicam facere in regione Pedana?  
+scribere quod Cassi Parmensis opuscula vincat  
+an tacitum silvas inter reptare salubris  
+curantem quidquid dignum sapiente bonoque est?  
+non tu corpus eras sine pectore: di tibi formam,  
+di tibi divitias dederunt artemque fruendi.  
+quid voveat dulci nutricula maius alumno,  
+qui sapere et fari possit quae sentiat et cui  
+gratia fama valetudo contingat abunde  
+et mundus victus non deficiente crumina?  
+inter spem curamque, timores inter et iras  
+omnem crede diem tibi diluxisse supremum:  
+grata superveniet quae non sperabitur hora.  
+me pinguem et nitidum bene curata cute vises,  
+cum ridere voles, Epicuri de grege porcum. 
+3  On the idealization of the lowly pig by the skeptic Pyrrho, see Warren 2002: 113-16; as Warren observes (115-
+16), “A pig is to be imitated not because it doubts its senses, but because it does not worry about whether a storm 
+is bad.”  On pigs in connection with Epicureanism, see the learned account in Warren 2002: 129-49; Warren notes 
+(134) that “The Epicurean pig, when used as a positive symbol, recalls only the tranquil state of that animal rather 
+than its psychological incapacities.” Warren reproduces (133) a photograph of a bronze pig discovered in the Villa 
+of the Papyri in Herculaneum, which contained the library of the Epicurean philosopher Philodemus. 
+
+3 
+ 
+ 
+Journal of Ancient Philosophy Vol. VI 2012 Issue 1 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+Ends (De finibus), the Epicurean Torquatus explains the doctrine of pleasure in just such terms 
+(1.11.29): 
+We are inquiring, then, what is the final and ultimate good [extremum et ultimum bonorum], 
+which as all philosophers are agreed must be of such a nature as to be that to which all other 
+things are referred, while it is not itself referred to anything else. This Epicurus locates in 
+pleasure [voluptas], which he holds to be the highest good [summum bonum], and pain the 
+highest evil [summum malum]. This he sets out to prove as follows: Every animal, as soon as it is 
+born, seeks pleasure and delights in it as the highest good, while it avoids pain as the highest evil 
+and so far as possible avoids it.  This it does as long as it remains unperverted, its nature itself 
+judging honestly and uncorrupted.4 Hence Epicurus refuses to admit any necessity for argument 
+or discussion to prove that pleasure is desirable and pain to be avoided.  These things, he thinks, 
+are perceived by the senses [sentiri], as that fire is hot, snow white, honey sweet, none of which 
+things need be proved by elaborate reasoning: it is enough merely to draw attention [admonere] 
+to them.  (trans. based on Harris Rackham, Loeb Library, much modified)5 
+Cicero is a prejudiced source when it comes to Epicurean doctrine, but the account of pleasure 
+that he places in Torquatus' mouth is broadly faithful to Epicurus' own view -- subject to the important 
+proviso that (as we shall see) it is incomplete.6 Thus Diogenes of Oenoanda, a confirmed Epicurean who 
+had an entire wall inscribed with the teachings of the school so as to benefit both friend and stranger 
+alike, affirms (fr. 32): 
+If, gentlemen, the point at issue between these people and us involved inquiry into "what is the 
+means of happiness? [eudaimonia]" and they wanted to say "the virtues [aretai]" (which would 
+actually be true), it would be unnecessary to take any other step than to agree with them about 
+this, without more ado. But since, as I say, the issue is not "what is the means of happiness?" but 
+"what is happiness and what is the ultimate goal [to eskhaton] of our nature?", I say both now 
+and always, shouting out loudly to all Greeks and non-Greeks, that pleasure [hêdonê] is the end 
+[telos] of the best mode of life, while the virtues, which are inopportunely messed about by these 
+                                                 
+4 Cf. Brunschwig 1986. 
+5 quaerimus igitur, quid sit extremum et ultimum bonorum, quod omnium philosophorum sententia tale debet 
+esse, ut ad id omnia referri oporteat, ipsum autem nusquam. hoc Epicurus in voluptate ponit, quod summum 
+bonum esse vult, summumque malum dolorem, idque instituit docere sic: omne animal, simul atque natum sit, 
+voluptatem appetere eaque gaudere ut summo bono, dolorem aspernari ut summum malum et, quantum possit, a 
+se repellere, idque facere nondum depravatum ipsa natura incorrupte atque integre iudicante. itaque negat opus 
+esse ratione neque disputatione, quam ob rem voluptas expetenda, fugiendus dolor sit. sentiri haec putat, ut calere 
+ignem, nivem esse albam, dulce mel. quorum nihil oportere exquisitis rationibus confirmare, tantum satis esse 
+admonere. 
+6  Tsouna 2007: 14 argues that Philodemus was an important source for the account of Epicureanism in the first 
+two books of Cicero’s On Ends. 
+
+4 
+ 
+ 
+Journal of Ancient Philosophy Vol. VI 2012 Issue 1 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+people (being transferred from the place of the means to that of the end), are in no way an end, 
+but the means to the end. (trans. Smith 1993)7 
+Similarly, Diogenes Laertius, who is sympathetic to Epicureanism, reports (137-38) that 
+Epicurus 
+cites as proof that pleasure is the chief good the fact that all animals from the moment of their 
+birth are delighted with pleasure and distressed by pain by their natural instincts, without need of 
+reason. Therefore also, we, with our own inclinations, flee from pain.... And we choose the 
+virtues too on account of pleasure and not for their own sake, just as we take medicine for the 
+sake of health.... Epicurus describes virtue as inseparable from pleasure, while everything 
+separable from pleasure is expendable. 
+Finally, Epicurus himself states in his Letter to Menoeceus (128-29): "And so we say that 
+pleasure [hêdonê] is the beginning and end [arkhê kai telos] of living blessedly [tou makariôs zên], for 
+we recognize pleasure as the first and innate good, and on the basis of pleasure we make a beginning for 
+every choice and avoidance, and we arrive at pleasure by judging every good by means of sensation as 
+our measure [hôs kanoni tôi pathei]."8 What is more, there can be no doubt that Epicurus is referring to 
+corporeal pleasure -- not of the body as such, of course, since the body apart from the soul can perceive 
+nothing at all, but the body in combination with that part of the soul that perceives; as a fragment 
+preserved in Plutarch puts it, "The beginning and the root of all good is the pleasure of the stomach; 
+even wisdom and culture must be referred to this." And another fragment, preserved by Athenaeus 
+(12.546E) and still more notorious, ascribes to Epicurus (in his treatise, On the End or Peri tou telous) 
+the statement: "I cannot think what the good is, if I subtract the pleasures of taste, subtract those of sex, 
+                                                 
+7  Fr. 32 col. 1.6-col. 3.8: εἰ µέν, ὦ ἄνδρες, τὸ µεταξὺ τούτων τε καὶ ἡµῶν προβεβληµένον ἐπίσκεψιν εἶχεν "τί τῆς 
+εὐδαιµονίας ποιητικόν", ἐβούλοντο δ᾽ οὗτοι τὰς ἀρετὰς λέγειν, ὃ δὴ καὶ ἀληθὲς ἐτύνχανεν, οὐδὲν ἄλλ᾽ ἔδει ποιεῖν 
+ἢ τούτοις [τοῦθ᾽ ὁ]µ̣ογνωµονοῦν[τας µ]ὴ̣ ἔχειν πράγµα[τα. ἐπ]εὶ δ᾽, ὡς λέγω, τὸ πρόβ[ληµ]α οὐ τοῦτό ἐστιν, τί 
+τ̣[ῆ]ς εὐδαιµονίας ποιητ[ι]κόν, τί δὲ τὸ εὐδαιµονε̣ῖν ἐστιν καὶ οὗ κατὰ τὸ̣ [ἔ]σχατον ἡ φύσις 56ἡµῶ[ν] ὀ̣ρέγετα̣ι̣, 
+[τ]ὴν µὲν [ἡ]δ̣ονὴν λ̣[έγ]ω̣ καὶ νῦν̣ κ̣αὶ ἀεὶ πᾶσιν Ἕλλησι κ[αὶ] βαρβάροις µέγα ἐνβ̣[ο]ῶν τῆς ἀρίστης δια[γ]ω̣γῆς 
+ὑπάρχειν τέ̣λος, τὰς δὲ ἀρετὰς τὰς νῦν ἀκαίρως ὑπὸ τούτων ἐνοχλουµένας (ἀπὸ γὰρ τῆς τοῦ ποιητικοῦ χώρας εἰς 
+τὴν τοῦ τέλους (µεταφέρονται) τέλος µὲν οὐδαµῶς, ποιητικὰς δὲ τοῦ τέλους εἶναι. On the instrumental nature of 
+the virtues in Epicureanism, see also Epicurus Letter to Menoeceus 132; Philodemus On Choices and Avoidances 
+(ed. Indelli and Tsouna) XIV 1-14, with Tsouna 2007: 27. 
+8 Καὶ διὰ τοῦτο τὴν ἡδονὴν ἀρχὴν καὶ τέλος λέγοµεν εἶναι τοῦ µακαρίως ζῆν. ταύτην γὰρ ἀγαθὸν πρῶτον καὶ 
+συγγενικὸν ἔγνωµεν, καὶ ἀπὸ ταύτης καταρχόµεθα πάσης αἱρέσεως καὶ φυγῆς, καὶ ἐπὶ ταύτην καταντῶµεν ὡς 
+κανόνι τῷ πάθει πᾶν ἀγαθὸν κρίνοντες. 
+
+5 
+ 
+ 
+Journal of Ancient Philosophy Vol. VI 2012 Issue 1 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+subtract those of sounds, and subtract the pleasant motions that arise from the sight of a beautiful form" 
+(cf. Cicero Tusculan Disputations 3.8.42). 
+ 
+If these pleasures are all there is to Epicurean happiness, then it would indeed seem that a pig is 
+capable of enjoying the highest good, provided -- and this is a significant qualification -- that it can do so 
+permanently, something that pigs by and large cannot secure by their own efforts. Still, all that they 
+would lack in this case is continuity of their pleasure, for which they depend on a good herdsman; the 
+nature of their pleasure is not different from that enjoyed by more self-sufficient human beings.9 
+ 
+In Plutarch's essay Gryllus, also entitled "On the Fact that Unreasoning Creatures Employ 
+Reason," one of men whom Circe has turned into a pig refuses Odysseus' offer to have him converted 
+back to human form, insisting that a pig's life is superior to that of human beings (Circe has given him 
+temporarily the gift of speech and comprehension).10 Much of the pig's argument turns on demonstrating 
+that his species is more virtuous, and hence happier, than humans, and since virtues were generally 
+understood to depend on reason, the pig's claims are plainly paradoxical, like the alternate title of the 
+dialogue itself. In the course of his proof that pigs have great self-control or sôphrosunê, however, 
+Gryllus (as the pig is called) appeals precisely to the Epicurean distinction among desires or appetites as 
+                                                 
+9 Principal Doctrine 18 states that “Pleasure in the flesh is not increased, when once the pain deriving from lack is 
+eliminated, but merely varied; the limit of the mind in relation to pleasure is provided by the calculation of those 
+very things, and things like them, that cause the mind its greatest fears” (Οὐκ ἐπαύξεται ἐν τῇ σαρκί ἡ ἡδονή, 
+ἐπειδὰν ἅπαξ τὸ κατ’ ἔνδειαν ἀλγοῦν ἐξαιρεθῇ, ἀλλὰ µόνον ποικίλλεται. τῆς δὲ διανοίας τὸ πέρας τὸ κατὰ τὴν 
+ἡδονήν ἀπεγέννησεν ἥ τε τούτων αὐτῶν ἐκλόγισις καὶ τῶν ὁµογενῶν τούτοις, ὅσα τούς µεγίστους φόβους 
+παρεσκεύαζε τῇ διανοίᾳ; I take τούτων as the antecedent of ὅσα, and not as referring back to “pleasures” (so Geer 
+1964: 62; contra Bailey 1926: 99; Inwood and Gerson 1994: 33): the flesh naturally reaches a state of fulfillment, 
+whereas the mind must reflect in order to rid itself of perturbations. Principal Doctrine 20, however, is 
+problematic; I translate: “the flesh takes the limits of pleasure as unlimited, and limitless time provides it [i.e., 
+pleasure], but the mind makes a calculation of the end and limit of the flesh and, dissolving fears concerning 
+eternity, provides a complete life, and no longer lacks anything in respect to limitless time” (Ἡ µὲν σὰρξ ἀπέλαβε 
+τὰ πέρατα τῆς ἡδονῆς ἄπειρα, καὶ ἄπειρος αὐτὴν χρόνος παρεσκεύασεν· ἡ δὲ διάνοια τοῦ τῆς σαρκὸς τέλους καὶ 
+πέρατος λαβοῦσα τὸν ἐπιλογισµὸν καὶ τοὺς ὑπὲρ τοῦ αἰῶνος φόβους ἐκλύσασα τὸν παντελῆ βίον παρεσκεύασεν, 
+καὶ οὐθὲν ἔτι τοῦ ἀπείρου χρὸνου προσεδεήθηµεν). Surely the flesh (even if sarx here is shorthand for “body plus 
+the non-rational part of the soul, which is the seat of perception”) does not have beliefs (as Geer 1964: 62 takes it) 
+or make judgments. The idea must be, I think, that the pleasure of physical well-being in and of itself is not 
+marked by a sense of limit, and so is wholly satisfying; the mind, however, is aware of the temporal limits of flesh 
+and so must achieve a sense of its completeness by banishing fears of death. 
+10 For further discussion of the Gryllus, see Konstan 2011. 
+
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+(1) natural and necessary, (2) natural but not necessary, and (3) neither necessary nor natural but arising 
+out of empty or false belief (kenê doxê, 989B-C; cf. Epicurus Letter to Menoeceus 127; Principal 
+Doctrine 29).11 Human beings, he alleges, are susceptible to the last kind -- we understand that they are 
+capable of having beliefs, and hence false as well as true ones -- whereas "wild animals have souls that 
+are wholly inaccessible to and unmixed with extrinsic passions [pathê] and in their lives are remote from 
+empty belief" (989C). Of course, if animals are by nature immune to unnatural desires and free of empty 
+doxa -- as they are from all belief, whether true or false -- then they have no need of sôphrosunê, the 
+object of which is to govern such appetites. But if Gryllus' position is wittily illogical in regard to 
+virtues, which were central to the good life in Stoicism and other ancient schools, he may still have a 
+case that his is the best life on Epicurus' view, in which the natural pleasures are indeed represented as 
+the highest objective in life. Here again, Epicurean happiness would seem to be something that a pig can 
+lay claim to enjoying. 
+ 
+There is, however, a flaw in Gryllus' position, and this apart from his acknowledged dependency 
+on Circe's tendance of her metamorphosed herds (and hence his insufficiency to secure his own 
+happiness). The Epicurean definition of the highest good is not in fact reducible to the enjoyment of 
+pleasures, however natural. Lucretius, for example, exclaims in the proem to the second book of his 
+poem, De rerum natura, Lucretius: 
+O minds of mortals, blighted by your blindness!  Amid what 
+deep darkness and daunting dangers life's little day is passed!  To think that you should fail to 
+see that nature importunately demands [latrare] only that the body may be rid of pain, and that 
+the mind [mens], divorced from anxiety and fear, may enjoy agreeable sensation [iucundus 
+sensus]! (trans. Smith 2001: 35–36, modified)12 
+                                                 
+11 Erroneous beliefs are referred to as hupoleipseis in Letter to Menoeceus 124, in connection with popular 
+conceptions of the gods; these clearly cannot be ascribed to animals. On such “suppositions,” see Verde 2010: 
+126-28. 
+12 o miseras hominum mentis, o pectora caeca! 
+qualibus in tenebris vitae quantisque periclis 
+degitur hoc aevi quodcumquest! nonne videre 
+nil aliud sibi naturam latrare nisi utqui 
+corpore seiunctus dolor absit, mente fruatur 
+iucundo sensu cura semota metuque? (2.14–19) 
+
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+What nature -- human nature, presumably, but also the natural order of things -- howls out for is 
+in the first instance an absence, that is, freedom both from physical pain and mental anguish. The word 
+latrare refers literally to the barking of dogs, and Lucretius no doubt employs it here not just to indicate 
+an emphatic appeal, as Martin Ferguson Smith renders it, but the claim of nature at the most basic 
+animal level. A further benefit of the lack of physical and mental misery is the ability to enjoy pleasant 
+sensations. Lucretius faithfully reflects Epicurus' own conception; as he writes in his Letter to 
+Menoeceus (128), just before the passage from this same epistle cited above: 
+an unerring theory of the desires knows to refer every choice and avoidance to the health of the 
+body and the inperturbability [ataraxia] of the soul, since this is the goal [telos] of living 
+blessedly.  We do everything for the sake of this, so that we may neither be in pain [algômen] 
+nor tremble fearfully [tarbômen]. Once this is the case for us, the entire storm of the soul is 
+dissipated; since the animal [to zôon] cannot proceed as though to something it needs and seek 
+something else by which the good of the soul and body will be fulfilled [sumplêrôsetai]. For it is 
+then that we have need of pleasure, when we are in pain because pleasure is not present: when 
+we are not in pain, we no longer need pleasure. 
+If the goal of life is liberation both from bodily pain and from mental or psychological anxiety, 
+then animals will only be able to enjoy this highest good if they know both kinds of freedom. Now, we 
+have seen that animals are not capable of entertaining false beliefs, inasmuch as they do not have beliefs 
+at all: that is, they are capable of perception, but not reason in the full sense of logos. Epicurus regarded 
+the human soul as having two parts: thus, a scholium that has found its way into the text of Diogenes 
+Laertius (10.66 = fr. 311 Usener) reports: "He says elsewhere that it [the soul] is made up of very 
+smooth and round atoms, which differ greatly from those of fire; and one part of it is non-rational 
+[alogon], and dispersed throughout the rest of the body; but the rational part [to logikon] is in the chest 
+[thôrax], as is evident from fears [phoboi] and from joy [khara]."13 This account corresponds perfectly 
+to what Lucretius tells us (3.136–51, trans. Long and Sedley 1987 vol. 1: 66–67; Latin words inserted by 
+me): 
+My next point is that the mind [animus] and the spirit [anima] are firmly interlinked and 
+constitute a single nature, but that the deliberative element [consilium] which we call the mind 
+                                                 
+13 It may be, as some have argued, that at the time he composed the Letter to Herodotus, Epicurus had not yet 
+thought of the soul as divided, and that the scholium represents a later revision of his view (there is a textual 
+difficulty here as well, involving the reading ti meros, proposed in 1877, vs. the mss. to meros). For full 
+discussion, with bibliography, see Verde 2010: 193-96; also Repici 2008. 
+
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+ 
+[animum mentemque] is, as it were, the chief, and holds sway throughout the body.  It is firmly 
+located in the central part of the chest.  For that is where fear and dread [pavor ac metus] leap up, 
+and where joys [laetitiae] caress us: therefore it is where the mind [mens animusque] is. The 
+remaining part of the spirit [anima], which is distributed throughout the body, obeys the mind 
+[mens] and moves at its beck and call.  The mind by itself possesses its own understanding and 
+its own joys [sibi gaudet] while nothing is affecting either the spirit [anima] or the body. And 
+just as, when our head or eye is hurt [laeditur] by an attack of pain [dolor], the agony is not 
+shared [non ... concruciamur] by our whole body, so too the mind [animus] sometimes itself 
+suffers pain [laeditur] or waxes with joy [laetitia] while the rest of the spirit [anima] throughout 
+the limbs and frame is receiving no new stimulus. 
+The Epicurean Hermarchus is quoted (by Porphyry in his treatise On Abstention from Eating 
+Meat, 1.12) as stating that justice does not obtain between human beings and animals because the 
+animals lack reason or logos (cf. Epicurus Principal Doctrine 32: "For those animals that were unable to 
+form pacts not to harm one another or be harmed, there existed neither justness nor injustice"; Warren 
+2002: 138–40). Polystratus, in turn, who succeeded Hermarchus as the third head of the Garden 
+(Diogenes Laertius 10.25), denied to animals even the possibility of remembering or anticipating events, 
+including their own past and future states of pleasure and pain (coll. I–VII = Indelli 1978: 109–11; cf. 
+Warren 2002: 137–38).14 
+ 
+The Epicurean account of animal consciousness is thus even more reductive, in this sense, than 
+that of other schools, such as the Peripatetic (they were more alike in this respect to the Stoics).  
+Aristotle allowed that animals possess "similarities to intelligent understanding (τῆς περὶ τὴν διάνοιαν 
+συνέσεως … ὁµοιότητες, History of Animals 8.588a23–24), and granted animals, if not logos (this is 
+reserved for human beings, Politics 1332b5–6), at least a fairly high degree of practical intelligence or 
+phronêsis, and also (though not quite consistently) memory: "the more intelligent [sunetôtera] ones, 
+which have a share in memory, tend their offspring longer and more sociably [politikôteron]" (History 
+of Animals 8, 589a1–2). At Politics 1253a9–15, however, Aristotle states that "among animals, only the 
+                                                 
+14 Principal Doctrine 32 might seem to contradict the proposition that animals are not rational: “Toward those 
+animals that are incapable of making agreements as to not harming one another or being harmed there is neither 
+justice nor injustice, and similarly for those peoples who are either unable or unwilling to make agreements 
+concerning not harming or being harmed.” But the argument is, I think, that just as we cannot make agreements 
+with (non-human) animals, so too we cannot make them with certain groups of human beings, and hence there is 
+no relation of justice with them (cf. Bailey 1926: 269). It is not a statement that some non-human animals can 
+enter into agreements.   
+
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+human being possesses reason. Voicing is a sign of what is painful and pleasant, which is why it pertains 
+also to other animals (their nature reaches the level of having the perception [αἴσθησις] of what is 
+painful and pleasurable and signaling it to one another), but speech [λόγος] is for manifesting what is 
+advantageous and harmful, and so too what is just and unjust". As a result, only human beings can 
+experience happiness (Parts of Animals 656a5).15 
+ 
+A question poses itself: if animals do not have memory or the ability to imagine the future, 
+according to Epicureans, how is it that they experience fear, for example, which  would seem to depend 
+on the awareness that certain things, for example predators, can cause them harm? Lucretius provides, I 
+believe, an indication of how it might work, in his explanation -- in materialist terms, to be sure -- of 
+why it is that lions cannot bear the sight of roosters, but instantly take to flight (for this rather odd 
+notion, cf. Pliny Natural History 8.52, Achilles Tatius 2.21, Aelian On the Nature of Animals 3.31): 
+It is no wonder, since in the body of roosters there are certain constituents, which when they are 
+introduced into the eyes of lions, dig into their pupils and produce a sharp pain [dolor], so that, 
+fierce as they are, they cannot withstand it, although these [constituents] cannot harm our eyes, 
+either because they do not penetrate them or because, though they do penetrate, they are given 
+free passage out of our eyes, so that they cannot harm our eyes in any direction by remaining 
+trapped inside. (4.714-21) 
+The lion flees roosters because the sight of them produces pain; their simulacra are shaped in 
+such a way as to sting the eyes of lions, though they do not have this effect on human beings. Lions do 
+not believe that roosters pose a threat to them, and so, strictly speaking, they do not fear them, insofar as 
+fear requires an anticipation of a future harm (cf. Aristotle Rhetoric 2.5, 1382a21-25; discussion in 
+Konstan 2006: 129-55). Their behavior does not depend on reason or on memory, and we may suppose 
+that this mechanism applies as well to the natural or instinctive avoidance of harm on the part of animals 
+in general. 
+ 
+Let us return to the matter of pleasure and pain. The Epicureans maintain, according to Diogenes 
+Laertius (10.34), that "there are two experiences [or affections: pathê, plural of pathos], pleasure 
+[hêdonê] and pain [algêdôn], which exist in every animal, the one pertaining to what is one's own 
+                                                 
+15  On animals and reason in classical thought, see especially Sorabji 1993, who argues that Aristotle and the 
+Stoics ascribed a considerably sophisticated role to perception, which substituted for fully human reason or logos; 
+also Newmyer 2006: 10-47. 
+
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+[oikeion], the other pertaining to what is foreign [allotrion], by which choices and avoidances are 
+distinguished." In this sense, pleasure is the universal goal of sentient creatures, that is, creatures capable 
+of perception or aisthêsis. However, as we have observed, if for animals it is sufficient for their well-
+being simply to be rid of pain and to enjoy pleasure, for human beings this is not sufficient: we also 
+require a mind free from perturbation. These two conditions, taken together, constitute the basis of 
+human happiness. Each part of the soul, the non-rational or alogon part (in Lucretius' terminology, the 
+anima) and the rational or logikon part, is capable independently of experiencing pain of the kind that 
+specifically affects it. 
+ 
+Let us cite once more Lucretius' words: "The mind by itself possesses its own understanding and 
+its own joys [sibi gaudet] while nothing is affecting either the spirit [anima] or the body.  And just as, 
+when our head or eye is hurt [laeditur] by an attack of pain [dolor], the agony is not shared [non ... 
+concruciamur] by our whole body, so too the mind [animus] sometimes itself suffers pain [laeditur] or 
+waxes with joy [laetitia] while the rest of the spirit [anima] throughout the limbs and frame is receiving 
+no new stimulus." The pain of the mind consists in fear and similar psychological perturbations (we 
+shall consider shortly the nature of the opposite or positive state of khara or laetitia). An animal may 
+suffer pain in one part of its body and not another, just like us; but we have a part that animals do not, 
+namely the rational portion of the soul; a pig, for example, can no more feel pain or pleasure in this area 
+of the psyche than human beings can feel pain in their tails, and for the same reason: we do not have 
+tails any more than pigs have a logikon part of their souls. 
+ 
+Still, there is a difference between the two cases: the pain that pigs or we feel in one or another 
+part of our body, and which of course involves the non-rational part of the soul as well (dead bodies feel 
+no pain), is the same in kind, no matter what part is affected: it is called dolor or algêdôn, terms that 
+refer specifically to physical pain. The discomfort of the rational soul, however, is of another kind: it 
+consists in being in a fearful or anxious state (cf. Epicurus' term tarbômen, and Lucretius' cura), and this 
+depends on entertaining certain kinds of beliefs -- false ones, as it happens -- concerning the nature of 
+death and other things we wrongly regard as harmful. Human beings require that both the non-rational 
+and the rational parts of the soul be free of their respective types of trouble. What is more, the 
+perturbations of the mind carry with them severe consequences for human life, in that people, in a vain 
+
+11 
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+attempt to avoid death, which they mistakenly perceive as an evil, are driven to seek unlimited wealth 
+and power, as though these could keep death at bay and thus allay their anxiety. These desires, which go 
+beyond the fulfillment of any and all natural needs, are the cause of the competition and conflict that 
+beset society and make life a hell on earth (for discussion, see Konstan 2008). 
+ 
+It is now time to consider more closely what the pains of the body and the soul are like.  We have 
+already cited Epicurus' view that "we have need of pleasure when we are in pain because pleasure is not 
+present: when we are not in pain, we no longer need pleasure." This rather telegraphic statement 
+involves a doctrine concerning the nature of pleasure that invited considerable criticism in antiquity and 
+has been the source of confusion and debate ever since, namely that pleasure, or at least the highest type 
+of pleasure, which Epicurus labeled "static" or "catastematic," consists precisely in the absence of pain 
+and nothing else.16 Epicurus also recognized a kinetic or mobile kind of pleasure. Thus, according to 
+Diogenes Laertius (10.136 = fr. 2 Usener) Epicurus stated in his book On Choices (Peri haireseôn) that 
+"ataraxy and freedom from trouble [aponia] are catastematic pleasures [hêdonai]; but khara and good 
+cheer [euphrosunê] are regarded as kinetic activities" (reading κατὰ κίνησιν ἐνέργειαι [nom. pl.] with 
+Long and Sedley 1987 vol. 2: 124–25; the mss. give κατὰ κίνησιν ἐνεργείᾳ [dative sing.], "kinetic by 
+virtue of activity").17 
+ 
+Boris Nikolsky begins his important article on Epicurean pleasure with the words: "Practically 
+every modern survey of the Epicurean conception of pleasure begins by saying that Epicurus' concept of 
+pleasure was twofold: in the opinion of researchers, Epicurus distinguished two kinds of pleasure -- a 
+'static' pleasure or a pleasure 'in a state of rest' and a 'kinetic' pleasure or a pleasure 'in motion.'"18  
+Unfortunately, most the evidence for the nature of this distinction is late -- Cicero is the chief source -- 
+                                                 
+16 For the background to the idea of an intermediate state between pleasure and pain in Speusippus, Eudoxus, and 
+Aristotle, see Warren 2009. 
+17 Wolfsdorf 2009: 223-37 shows convincingly that euphrosunê might naturally be applied to the good cheer 
+arising from bodily pleasures, and that it was so intended by Epicurus; on khara, see Ramelli and Konstan 2010 
+(Maso 2008: 220 mistakenly takes khara to represent corporeal kinetic pleasure, and euphrosunê that of the 
+mind). Purinton 1991: 287 denies that khara is a pleasure of any kind, and understands it rather as “the intentional 
+state which has pleasure as its intentional object”. I am not persuaded that Epicurus took account of such 
+intentional states. 
+18 Nikolsky 2001: 440. 
+
+12 
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+and not entirely perspicuous. Thus, Torquatus, in the dialogue On Ends (1.37), explains that mobile 
+pleasure "moves our nature by a kind of gentleness and is perceived by the senses with a kind of 
+pleasantness (suavitate aliqua naturam ipsam movet et iucunditate quadam percipitur sensibus), 
+whereas static pleasure "is perceived when all pain is removed" (percipitur omni dolore detracto).  As 
+Nikolsky remarks (p. 441): "Here Torquatus draws a distinction between two different states to either of 
+which, in his opinion, the notion of pleasure can be applied -- firstly, a state presupposing active 
+stimulation of pleasant sensations and, secondly, a state negatively defined as the absence of pain and 
+suffering." Cicero further explains, in his response to Torquatus, that "when thirst is quenched it 
+produces a stability of pleasure, he claims, but the pleasure, in turn, of the quenching itself is in motion" 
+(On Ends 2.9: restincta sitis stabilitatem voluptatis habet, inquit, illa autem voluptas ipsius restinctionis 
+in motu est). 
+ 
+Some scholars, including Nikolsky, have sought to impugn Cicero's testimony, pointing to 
+inconsistencies in Cicero's own statements and between his affirmations and other, independent 
+evidence.19 These scholars have sought to show that the two ostensibly different kinds of pleasure are in 
+fact one and the same, or at all events that the distinction, such as it is, does not entail the view, which 
+Cicero was pleased to ridicule, that pleasure resides simply in the absence of pain; as Cicero puts it (On 
+Ends 2.6): "either Epicurus, or else all other human beings anywhere in the world, do not know what 
+pleasure is..., since everyone knows that pleasure is that which perception receives and is moved by and 
+is then suffused with a kind of pleasantness" (aut Epicurus, quid sit voluptas, aut omnes mortales, qui 
+ubicumque sunt, nesciunt ... quia voluptatem hanc esse sentiunt omnes, quam sensus accipiens movetur 
+et iucunditate quadam perfunditur).20 
+                                                 
+19 Cf. Gosling and Taylor 1982: 365-396; also Cooper 1998: 512, who argues that the distinction between static 
+and kinetic pleasures depends on the objects, and is not “a distinction of kind” between the two types of pleasure; 
+for a critique of Nikolsky and of Gosling and Taylor on this score, see Wolfsdorf 2009: 243-53.  See also Erler 
+and Schofield 1999: 655, who argue that Cicero’s testimony concerning the quenching of thirst (On Ends 2.9, 
+quoted above) “is an isolated text whose interpretation is fiercely contested.  It is not easy to reconcile with other 
+evidence, including the explanation of kinetic pleasure as variation Cicero goes on at once to give”; Erler and 
+Schofield suggest that “Perhaps Epicurus himself never indicated how he would classify pleasures of restoration 
+of the body’s natural state.” 
+20 As Francesco Verde reminds me, Cicero’s statement may be evidence of an evolution of the Epicurean doctrine 
+of pleasure by his time. 
+
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+There is, however, sufficient testimony that, for Epicurus, static pleasure consists in the absence 
+of pain or perturbation, whether in the body or the mind; as Epicurus puts it (Principal Doctrine 3), "The 
+limit of the magnitude of pleasures is the removal of all that causes pain, and wherever there is pleasure, 
+for as long as it is there, there does not exist that which causes pain or distress or the two combined."  
+Far from regarding the idea is incoherent or absurd, I believe that it reflects an important aspect of 
+Epicurus' philosophy, namely that human beings (and indeed animals too, in their more limited way) are 
+naturally in a state of pleasure when they are healthy and free of cares; our natures are thus perfectly 
+suited to attaining the goal of pleasure, by the simple means of eliminating the sources of pain. This is 
+not, of course, always easy or possible, but given that our physical needs are, according to Epicurus, 
+relatively limited, and that most of the psychological perturbations that afflict us depend on empty or 
+erroneous beliefs and can be eradicated entirely (there do exist rational fears, of course, and while these 
+can be managed they are potential sources of distress), human beings are well adapted to achieving what 
+for Epicurus is the goal of life. 
+ 
+How, then, does Epicurus understand the pleasure that consists in the mere absence of pain or 
+perturbation, and what has this to do with the distinction between static and mobile pleasures? When I 
+wrote my book on Epicurean psychology (most recent edition published in 2008), I held the 
+conventional view, criticized by Cicero but plausible on the surface, that "kinetic pleasures are those 
+associated with fulfilling any kind of need, and above all a natural one like eating" (Konstan 2008: 14 n. 
+19). Thus, static pleasure consists in the satiated state of the body when one has finished eating, that is, 
+when one has supplied the deficiency that is perceived as the painful sensation of hunger, whereas the 
+process of eating -- clearly a kind of activity or motion -- is the source of kinetic pleasure.21 I have come 
+                                                 
+21 The view, that is, of Cicero’s Epicurean spokesman Torquatus in On Ends 2.9-10, cited above.  Cf. Rosenbaum 
+1990: 24: "The difference between kinetic and katastematic pleasure seems to be that between the pleasure of the 
+activity of satisfying desires, wants, or urges, and the pleasure of being in a state of having satisfied one's desires, 
+or perhaps as appropriately, being in a state of not having (certain types of) desires or urges"; Held 2007: 18: 
+“Kinetische Lust ist ein Prozess der Schmerzaufhebung, der durch die Zufuhr von Lust Mangel beseitigt und ist 
+damit graduierbar und quantifizierbar.” Held argues (32-33, 53) that kinetic and static pleasures must be different 
+in kind, since static pleasure is the state (Zustand) that is reached when the process of eliminating pain comes to 
+an end (contrast Hossenfelder 2006: 72, who affirms “dass es nur eine Lust und nicht mehrere Arten gibt”).  
+O’Keefe 2010: 119-20 offers two sources of kinetic pleasure (I agree with the first of these): “‘Kinetic’ pleasures, 
+as the name suggests, involve movement. Bodily kinetic pleasures are associated with some sort of active 
+titillation of the senses, for example the savoury, greasy taste of a sausage slathered with mustard as it caresses 
+
+14 
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+now to believe that this account is wrong, while at the same time I hold that there is in fact a distinction 
+between static and mobile pleasure in Epicurean doctrine. The incorrect interpretation, to which I was 
+party, has its origin, as Nikolsky shows in the above-cited article, in the traditional view of pleasure and 
+pain, which was analyzed most penetratingly by Plato and became the basis of the Cyrenaic theory of 
+pleasure, which Epicurus rejected. On this view, as Plato noted, pain and pleasure are not strictly 
+speaking opposites: for pain consists in a lack, whereas pleasure consists in the filling of the lack.  Pain 
+is thus a state, whereas pleasure is a process, and ordinary language is wrong in regarding them as 
+contraries. What is more, Plato observed that, so understood, pain and pleasure necessarily co-exist, 
+since one must be at least partially hungry -- in a state of lack -- to enjoy the process of replenishment.  
+Plato regarded such pleasure, accordingly, as impure or mixed.  Such were the difficulties that beset the 
+conventional view, as Plato saw it, at all events when he was writing the Gorgias: thus, at 496C-E, peinê 
+and dipsê are described as aniaron or painful, whereas eating and drinking are a plêrôsis or filling and 
+hence pleasurable.22 
+ 
+The Cyrenaics, who were followers of Aristippus, a disciple of Socrates, evidently adopted 
+Plato's view of pleasure wholesale. Pleasure, they maintained, consists precisely in restocking the 
+depleted resources of the body, which is far more capable of enjoyment than the mind; hence, one 
+should cultivate desires with the purpose of satisfying them and thus experiencing the greatest quantity 
+of pleasure possible (Diogenes Laertius 2.86-90, where the Cyrenaic view that all pleasure is kinetic is 
+contrasted with the Epicurean conception). Epicurus, however, took a different line: he affirmed that 
+pleasure really is the opposite of pain, and that inasmuch as pain resides in a deficiency or lack, pleasure 
+                                                                                                                                                                         
+my tongue.  They also seem to be associated with the process of satisfying some desire. For example, I am 
+hungry, and this hunger is painful.  But then, as I chew the sausage and swallow it, I am in the process of 
+satisfying my desire for food and replenishing myself, and this process would be a bodily kinetic pleasure.” So 
+too Morel 2009: 196 describes “les plaisirs ‘en mouvement’ ou ‘cinétiques,’ comme le plaisir de boire quand on a 
+soif, ou encore la joie ou la gaieté qui succèdent aux moments de craintes ou l’angoisses,” and he speaks also of 
+“un plaisir de soulagement, de réplétion ou de compensation – ce qu’est le plaisir cinétique.” Morel’s suggestion 
+that the kinetic pleasures of the mind consist in the process of alleviating anxiety is interesting; however, I offer a 
+different explanation of khara below. On pleasures of replenishment, see also Long and Sedley 1987 vol. 1: 123; 
+contra Wolfsdorf 2009: 249. 
+22 Plato may have modified this view in the Philebus, where he identified what is painful rather as a dissolution 
+(lusis) or corruption (phthora), as opposed to pleasure, which is a filling up (31E-32A); here, then, pain and 
+pleasure are both processes, and hence contraries. 
+
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+consists in a state of sufficiency: both are in this sense static, and neither is a process.  What, then, of the 
+pleasure associated with eating, drinking, and the like, which is experienced before the hunger or thirst 
+is satiated?  The answer, I now believe, is that this pleasure derives from the partially replenished state 
+of the organ in question. If we suppose, for a moment, that hunger is caused by an emptiness of the 
+stomach, then when one has eaten some food, albeit not enough to fill the void, the stomach is in part 
+full, in part empty: the part that is full, and hence not in need, is the source of the pleasure that consists 
+in stable well-being, while the part that is still vacant is the cause of pain. The two pathê are indeed 
+experienced simultaneously, and in this sense the pleasure is not pure or uniform, but is accompanied by 
+pain. As Lucretius, in the passage quoted above, says, "when our head or eye is hurt by an attack of pain, 
+the agony is not shared [non ... concruciamur] by our whole body," or, more literally, "we are not racked 
+with pain in our whole body," which presumably experiences the pleasure consisting in the stable or 
+healthy state that is not affected by pain; so too, when a particular organ is partly in pain due to a 
+deficiency, the rest of it is not lacking and so enjoys what Epicurus labeled catastematic pleasure.  As 
+one satisfies the need, moreover, the pleasure increases until the source of pain has been entirely 
+eliminated and the part affected is wholly sound.  The pleasure does not dwindle to zero over the course 
+of this process, but steadily increases until all pain is absent.23  It is true that, in the Letter to Menoeceus 
+(131), Epicurus notes that "bread and water render the highest pleasure, when one who is in need 
+[endeôn] is offered them." But Epicurus' point here is not that the pleasure increases with the need, but 
+that the simplest and most available foods can provide as much pleasure as the most elaborate and 
+expensive; of course, there is no gain in pleasure from eating if one is already full.24  In these activities, 
+then, there is no place for kinetic pleasure. 
+                                                 
+23 For a detailed and, to my mind, convincing defense of the view that “Epicurus does not recognize restorative 
+pleasures” (p. 252), see Wolfsdorf 2009; Wolfsdorf connects the Epicurean view with Aristotle’s notion of 
+“secondary actuality” (p. 257). 
+24 This is not to say that Epicurus was hostile to luxurious pleasures as such; he opposed them only insofar as they 
+are taken to be necessary for happiness. See Woolf 2009 for the argument that, according to Epicurus, “equipped 
+with the belief that little will always suffice, we should indeed choose plenty where available” (p. 162). To the 
+passages cited by Woolf, we may add Lucretius 2.20-36, which affirms that nature does not require elaborate 
+entertainments, but does not reject them per se, except insofar as the effort to acquire the resources needed to 
+supply them drives people to strive for wealth and power. Giannantoni 1984: 44 argues that kinetic pleasure is the 
+“soddisfazione di desideri naturali ma non necessari,” whereas kinetic pleasure is derives from the satisfaction of 
+
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+What, then, is the nature of this latter, mobile kind of pleasure?  This, I believe, is the "agreeable 
+sensation [iucundus sensus]" that we are free to enjoy, as Lucretius put it, when the body is liberated 
+from pain and the mind from anxious fears.25 This pleasure is over and above that which consists in the 
+healthy state of body and mind represented by the absence of pain and perturbation; it involves such 
+unnecessary but harmless pleasures such as the enjoyment of pleasant odors, tastes or sounds, for 
+instance music. These pleasures have no corresponding lack: they are pure surplus, but not for that 
+reason problematic. Still, they are lesser pleasures, which we can take or leave without reducing the state 
+of perfect contentment that derives from the well-being of body and mind. It is these pleasures that 
+Epicurus refers to, I believe, when he declares that when we have achieved a state of pleasure it cannot 
+be increased but only varied: "Pleasure in the flesh is not increased, when once the pain deriving from 
+the lack is eliminated, but it is only varied" (Principal Doctrine 18, cited more fully above). 
+ 
+If the kinetic pleasures of the body consist in such unalloyed, but also unnecessary, things as 
+sweet smells and delicious tastes, what of the kinetic pleasures of the mind? Here, as we have seen, we 
+are fortunate to have a clear statement, in the form of a quotation from Epicurus' On Choices: "ataraxy 
+and freedom from trouble [aponia] are catastematic pleasures [hêdonai]; but khara and good cheer 
+[euphrosunê] are regarded as kinetic activities." Khara, then, or joy (laetitia in Lucretius), which was 
+one of the signs that the mind is located in the chest and hence must itself be an attribute of the rational 
+part of the soul, differs from the mere exemption from fears, which is the natural and positive condition.  
+If it is to be analogous to the unmixed pleasures (in Plato's phrase) that are found in pleasant sights and 
+sounds and the like, then it is presumably a non-necessary pleasure, the absence of which is not 
+associated with pain (or, to put it differently, it does not arise when some associated pain or distress is 
+removed).  Since this joy is also the positive counterpart, we are told, of fear, it presumably also depends 
+on belief, or at least on memory and anticipation, and also on calculation and whatever other mental 
+activities exceed mere perception. This is just what we should expect of a function of the logikon part of 
+the soul. I venture to suggest that reflection on past or future goods is among the things that cause this 
+                                                                                                                                                                         
+natural and necessary desires; cf. also Diano 1974: 170, who argues that static pleasure is produced when atoms 
+return to their original (stable) position.  For a survey of modern views on the question, see Prost 2004: 119-24. 
+25 Cf. Cicero On Ends 2.6-7, which appears inconsistent with his statement that mobile pleasure resides in 
+replenishment; see too Nikolsky p. 441, and O’Keefe 2010: 119-20, cited above. 
+
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+kind of joy, as well as any other thoughts that are delightful and are not anticipations of the fulfillment 
+of irrational (as opposed to non-rational) desires -- that is, desires that depend on empty opinion and are 
+themselves a product of empty fears.26 Doubtless, the satisfactions of friendship, which was celebrated 
+by the Epicureans, were an important source of such joy, among other reasons because friendship helps 
+instill a sense of security against dangers that might threaten one's tranquility.27 As Epicurus puts it 
+(Principal Doctrine 34): "we have use not so much for usefulness in our friends as for confidence in 
+their usefulness." 
+ 
+There remains one further question on the nature of Epicurean pleasure: when we are 
+experiencing the kinetic joy of the mind, is there also associated with it the physical pleasure of hêdonê 
+that is experienced or perceived by the anima or non-rational part of the soul? And does the static 
+enjoyment of ataraxy, when the mind is free from fear and anxiety, entail a kind of sensible pleasure as 
+well? This is what Epicurus evidently says, when he affirms that "ataraxy and freedom from trouble are 
+catastematic hêdonai." My guess is that we do best to take him at his word, and suppose that positive 
+mental states, consisting in the absence of perturbation and the joy residing in pleasant thoughts, are also 
+perceived as pleasures by the alogon part of the soul, which is the locus of aisthêsis or perception. No 
+Epicurean ever claims that the atoms that constitute the non-rational part of the soul are excluded from 
+that part of the chest in which the finer atoms constituting the rational part or animus are located, and it 
+is entirely plausible that the animus intersects or overlaps with the anima. Although Lucretius makes it 
+clear that not every distress or pain experienced in the mind or body necessarily entails a corresponding 
+discomfort in the other part, he goes on to say that when the injury is great, then indeed there is such a 
+consequential effect (Lucretius 3.152-60), since the mind and body are alike material and contiguous. I 
+assume, then, that the pleasure deriving from ataraxy is genuine hêdonê, a pathos experienced in the 
+alogon part of the soul. 
+                                                 
+26 Giovacchini 2008: 70 suggests that the pleasure deriving from an awareness of one’s own security while 
+observing the dangers to which others are exposed, as described by Lucretius in the proem to Book 2, is an 
+instance of khara; for the nature of this pleasure, see Konstan 2008: 29-35. 
+27 The knowledge that we have friends would thus be the source of kinetic, not catastematic pleasure; contra 
+Wheeler 2003: 184: "friendship -- while not strictly identical with happiness or the greatest good -- is identical 
+with a kind of katastematic pleasure." Of course, insofar as having friends induces a sense of security and hence 
+freedom from fear, it contributes to static pleasure, but is not identical to it. 
+
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+The combination of the pleasure deriving from a body free from pain and that of a soul free from 
+distress, accompanied, it may be, by pleasant thoughts and sensations, constitutes the highest form and 
+final end of human happiness. With it, we are equal to the gods: duration adds nothing to it, and the 
+subsidiary kinetic pleasures do no more than work variations on the fundamental felicity of well-being.  
+It is not a "neutral" state, as the opponents of Epicurus maintained, between pain and pleasure; it is the 
+state in which all is working as it should, and the opposite of disrupted or distressed conditions of mind 
+or body.28 It is not incompatible with a wide range of rational activities that differ from the simple 
+pleasures, for example goal-oriented pursuits that enable us to procure the basic necessities of life or 
+meet some other reasonable need or want; but such projects are not typically where pleasure is to be 
+found. An exception is philosophy. Epicurus writes (Vatican Saying 27): "In the case of other activities 
+their fruit [karpos] is accomplished with hardship, but with philosophy delight [to terpnon] runs hand in 
+hand with knowledge [gnôsis]; for the benefit [apolausis] comes not after learning, but learning and 
+benefit go together" (᾿Επὶ µὲν τῶν ἄλλων ἐπιτηδευµάτων µόλις τελειωθεῖσιν ὁ καρπὸς ἔρχεται, ἐπὶ δὲ 
+φιλοσοφίας συντρέχει τῇ γνώσει τὸ τερπνόν· οὐ γὰρ µετὰ µάθησιν ἀπόλαυσις, ἀλλὰ ἅµα µάθησις καὶ 
+ἀπόλαυσις). Epicurus is not claiming here (as I mistakenly supposed in my book, p. 16 n. 24) that there 
+are activities in which the pleasure resides in the achievement of a self-defined goal, rather than in the 
+activity itself (philosophy being the exception); he is affirming rather that among the activities that we 
+engage in for the sake of some benefit, philosophy is enjoyable even as we pursue the advantage we 
+seek to obtain from it. I suppose that practicing the violin is also fun (or can be), even as one seeks to 
+become proficient and achieve the benefit of being able to entertain others as well as one self with lovely 
+music. But it is important to note that Epicurus does not locate happiness in the achievement of personal 
+goals; hence a short life in which we may not succeed in realizing all our projects does not diminish 
+human happiness, in Epicurus' view.29 
+                                                 
+28 There is a certain resemblance between Epicurus’ view of the pleasure associated with the proper functioning or 
+well-being of the body and Aristotle’s conception of pleasure as “the activity of the natural state” (ἐνέργειαν τῆς 
+κατὰ φύσιν ἕξεως, Nicomachean Ethics 7.12, 1153a14); cf. Long and Sedley 1987 vol. 1: 123. 
+29 A number of modern scholars have faulted Epicurus for not taking such life projects into account; cf. in 
+particular Nussbaum 1994: 204-22, Rosenbaum 1990, and Striker 1988, in response to Mitsis 1988; see also 
+Mitsis 1996: 811-12: “if we think that death is robbing us of our future possibilities, we need to be careful not to 
+simply appropriate for ourselves possibilities that are not really ours. For the Epicurean, our possibilities end 
+
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+In a way, this is all there is to say about Epicurean eudaimonia. All the rest of the teaching is 
+designed to help people rid themselves of the irrational fears and attendant desires that assail the mind 
+and are the cause of constant struggles for wealth and power that put even the elementary necessities of 
+life at risk. Thus, the elaborate atomic theory inherited from Democritus and further developed by the 
+school is intended to show that survival of the soul, or consciousness in any form after death, is 
+impossible, and hence that the fear of suffering in the afterlife is ungrounded. Freeing the mind from 
+such beliefs is not easy, because they have taken root as human society evolved for reasons that the 
+Epicureans set forth as well. They thus worked out techniques for overcoming such inherited prejudices 
+and fears, including collective study and mutual support in small groups or communities, pedagogical 
+strategies (as outlined in the tract On Frank Speech by Philodemus), and memorization of useful 
+precepts (hence the collection of Principal Doctrines, for example). But the ultimate aim of these 
+methods and tenets was always to help people realize the crucial importance of bodily comfort and 
+above all peace of mind as the be-all and end-all of human happiness, which can be achieved far more 
+safely and with infinitely less peril and expenditure of energy than the things people typically strive for 
+in ignorance of what their natures require. 
+ 
+Unlike other classical philosophical schools, such as that of Plato, Aristotle, and the Stoics, for 
+the Epicureans happiness or bliss (makariotês) and a life worthy of the gods was not by its nature 
+something that only a very few enlightened souls could be expected to achieve. Epicurean eudaimonia 
+was in principle available to anyone: it was a matter of obtaining a basic level of prosperity, which 
+human social organization and technology have made possible for everyone (provided there is no civil 
+strife and a vastly unequal distribution of wealth), and shedding received opinions that were little 
+plausible in themselves (e.g., divine punishment in the afterlife). Of course, such ideas were acquired in 
+childhood, when they could take root and become habitual; still, happiness was not a matter of acquiring 
+transcendental wisdom but simply the state of mental and physical well-being that is the natural 
+condition of human beings. Epicurean philosophy differs in this regard also from the right to the "pursuit 
+of happiness" enshrined in the United States Declaration of Independence: happiness is not pursued, it is 
+                                                                                                                                                                         
+when we go out of existence.” For the apparently more nuanced position of Philodemus regarding death, see 
+Armstrong 2004: 32-36, with substantial bibliography. 
+
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+there for the taking, once one sees what it consists in and provided that one can satisfy the basic needs of 
+the body (Epicurus sometimes speaks as though mental tranquility can override even the most severe 
+pain, and affirms that the sage can be happy on the rack [Diogenes Laertius 10.118 = fr. 601 Usener], 
+but I take this to be something of a polemical exaggeration, designed to emphasize the fact that the 
+causes of human unhappiness are principally psychological rather than physical, at least among the 
+classes to which the Epicureans addressed their writings).30 
+ 
+Epicurus' philosophy, moreover, is a kind of therapy, and is addressed principally to individuals, 
+in the hope of correcting their mistaken ideas and thereby curing them of their personal, even if 
+unacknowledged, disquiet.31 Correspondingly, the Epicureans had little interest in seeking political 
+remedies for human misery; they recommended that people avoid engaging in politics, if possible, since 
+it is an arena guaranteed to cause distress.32 Epicureans were prepared to offer advice to kings and other 
+sovereigns, such as Roman governors and emperors, who dominated the world in which they lived, 
+though individual cities had their own institutions that typically took the form of a limited democracy 
+managed by and for the local aristocracy. They most certainly preferred to live under good monarchs 
+rather than tyrants, who put their private interest above the welfare of their subjects (see, for example, 
+Philodemus On the Good King according to Homer, addressed to Piso, the father-in-law of Julius 
+Caesar, who was consul in 58 BC; Epicurus wrote a treatise, now lost, On Kingship).33 One will not 
+find, however, among the writings of Epicurus the kind of utopian republics imagined by Plato or by 
+Zeno and Chrysippus, or the model constitution envisaged by Aristotle in his Politics. 
+                                                 
+30 Epicurus differed from the Cyrenaics also in holding that mental anguish was worse than physical pain 
+(Diogenes Laertius 10.137), and perhaps went overboard in maintaining that a sage could achieve perfect 
+contentment even in the presence of intense physical discomfort. To this end, Epicurus also argued that physical 
+pains, when intense, are generally brief, and when lasting, moderate enough to be borne with tranquility. 
+31 On the medical image of philosophy as therapy, see Salem 1989: 9-21. 
+32 For the vicissitudes of the Epicurean advice to “live unnoticed,” see Roskam 2007a; also Roskam 2007b.  
+Roskam argues that Epicurus’ aphorism was not intended as a blanket prohibition on any and all kinds of political 
+activity, though it later came to be perceived as such. 
+33 For a good discussion of the political context and purpose of Philodemus' treatise, see Gigante 1995; see further 
+De Sanctis 2008.  Gigante and Dorandi 1980 argue that Epicurus knew the treatise on kingship by Anaxarchus (a 
+companion of Alexander the Great) and shared Anaxarchus’ approval of kingship as opposed to tyranny. 
+
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+Nor did the Epicureans interest themselves, so far as one can tell, in collecting information about 
+the "quality of life" of their contemporaries in the modern sense of the term.  Some years ago, I 
+participated in a course called "The Quality of Life," which was taught jointly by members of four 
+different disciplines at Brown University: Philosophy, Economics (alternating with Sociology), Public 
+Health, and Classics (my own department). When introducing my own segment, I observed that what 
+today is called "quality of life" would in classical antiquity have gone under the name of "the good life."  
+The change in terminology is significant. "Quality of life" suggests something that can be measured and 
+evaluated objectively; it evokes international initiatives to invest in the improvement of the lives of 
+people who are impoverished and lack the resources, both material and organizational, to make progress.  
+To be sure, "quality of life," as employed, for example, by Martha Nussbaum and Amartya Sen in their 
+co-edited volume, The Quality of Life (1993), differs from narrowly economic gauges of well-being such 
+as income levels, which fail to take into account the absence of basic necessities such as schools or 
+access to clean water, while at the same time they tend to overlook less material assets that may enhance 
+life considerably, even in the absence of strictly financial prosperity. But such metrics of the quality of 
+life, even if they include intangible elements, do not typically offer theories of happiness such as that of 
+Epicurus and of other classical philosophers. In this respect, the Epicurean approach to eudaimonia may 
+seem irrelevant to modern pragmatic projects to ameliorate the condition of mankind in general. 
+ 
+But Epicurus' conception of eudaimonia may nevertheless be useful to modern debates over 
+happiness for the way it unites, in a materialist view of nature, physical and mental well-being, and 
+understands happiness not as elation or even self-satisfaction, despite the focus on pleasure, but as the 
+normal or healthy human condition. Once one has eliminated the pains and perturbations that afflict both 
+body and mind, there is nothing left to strive for, though there is abundant joy, and this irrespective of 
+duration. Pleasure is a state: it is not a hedonic ideal that aims at maximizing pleasure quantitatively, or a 
+utilitarian calculus like Jeremy Bentham's "sum of pleasures and pains," even though the Epicureans 
+were entirely in favor of sacrificing short-term pleasures at times for the sake of the longer term.  Thus, 
+Epicurus writes in the Letter to Menoeceus (129): "every pleasure is a good because of the nature it has, 
+but not every one is to be chosen, just as every pain is an evil, but not every pain is of such a nature as to 
+be avoided." But he does not offer this strategy as a way of measuring contentment, but simply as a 
+
+22 
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+ 
+means of securing the well-being of body and mind.  Finally, Epicurean eudaimonia is not reducible to 
+positive thinking, or a question of attitude: it is not subjective in this sense. The idea that we simply are 
+happy when we are not beset by pain and above all by anxiety (that is, groundless fears) might inject a 
+dimension that is, I think, relatively rare in modern accounts.34 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+Bibliography 
+ 
+Armstrong, David.  2004. "All Things to All Men: Philodemus' Model of Therapy and the Audience of 
+De morte."  In John T. Fitzgerald, Dirk Obbink, and Glenn S. Holland, eds., Philodemus and the New 
+Testament World (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 2004), pp. 15-54. 
+Bailey, Cyril, ed.  1926. Epicurus: The Extant Remains.  Oxford: Clarendon Press.   
+Bok, Sessela.  2010. Exploring Happpiness: From Aristotle to Brain Science.  New Haven: Yale 
+University Press. 
+Brunschwig, Jacques. 1986. “The Cradle Argument in Epicureanism and Stoicism.”  In Malcolm 
+Schofield and Gisela Striker, eds., The Norms of Nature (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 
+1986), pp. 113-44. 
+Cooper, John M. 1998. “Pleasure and Desire in Epicurus.”  In John M. Cooper, Reason and Emotion 
+(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press), pp. 485-514. 
+De Sanctis, Dino. 2008.  “Il buon re di Filodemo tra Epicuro e Omero.”  Cronache Hercolanesi 38: 165 
+-177. 
+Diano, Carlo. 1974 [1939–42]. Scritti Epicurei. Florence: Leo S. Olschki. 
+Erler, Michael and Malcolm Schofield. 1999. “Epicurean Ethics.”  In Keimpe Algra, Jonathan Barnes, 
+Jaap Mansfeld, and Malcolm Schofield, eds., The Cambridge History of Hellenistic Philosophy 
+(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 642-74. 
+Geer, Russel M. 1964. Epicurus: Letters, Principal Doctrines, and Vatican Sayings. New York: Bobbs-
+Merrill. 
+Giannantoni, Gabriele. 1984. "Il piacere cinetico nell'etica epicurea." Elenchos 5: 25-44. 
+Gigante, Marcello. 1995. "Reading Philodemus' On the Good King according to Homer. In Marcello 
+Gigante, Philodemus in Italy: The Books from Herculaneum, trans. Dirk (Ann Arbor: University of 
+Michigan Press, 1995), pp. 63-78. 
+                                                 
+34 It gets short, if any, shrift in Bok 2010; see especially her chapter on "Discordant Definitions" of happiness, pp. 
+35-58. 
+
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+Gigante, Marcello and Tiziano Dorandi. 1980. “Anassarco e Epicuro Sul regno.” Siculorum Gymnasium 
+33: 479-497. 
+Giovacchini, Julie. 2008.  Épicure. Paris: Les Belles Lettres. 
+Gosling, J.C.B. and C.C.W. Taylor. 1982. The Greeks on Pleasure. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 
+Held, Katharina. 2007. Hêdonê und Ataraxia bei Epikur. Paderhorn: Mentis Verlag. 
+Hossenfelder, Malte. 2006. Epikur. 3rd ed. Munich: Beck. 
+Inwood, Brad and L.P. Gerson. 1994. The Epicurus Reader. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing. 
+Kline, A.S., trans. 2003-05.  Horace.  Available at http://www.poetryintranslation.com/PITBR/Latin/ 
+HoraceEpistlesBkIEpIV.htm (accessed 12 October 2010). 
+Konstan, David. 2008. "A Life Worthy of the Gods": The Materialist Pyschology of Epicurus. Las 
+Vegas: Parmenides Publishing. 
+Konstan, David. 2011. “A Pig Convicts Itself of Unreason: The Implicit Argument of Plutarch's 
+Gryllus,” in Nina Almazova, Olga Budaragina, Sofia Egorova, Denis Keyer, Dmitri Panchenko, Anatolij 
+Ruban and Alexander Verlinsky, eds., Variante Loquella: Alexandro Gavrilov Septuagenario (Saint 
+Petersburg: Bibliotheca Classica, 2011) = Hyperboreus 16-17 (2010-2011) 371-85. 
+Long, A. A. and D. N. Sedley. 1987. The Hellenistic Philosophers. 2 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge 
+University Press. 
+Maso, Stefano. 2008. Capire e dissentire: Cicerone e la filosofia di Epicuro. Naples: Bibliopolis = 
+Elenchos 48. 
+Mitsis, Phillip. 1988. "Epicurus on Death and the Duration of Life." Proceedings of the Boston Area 
+Colloquium on Ancient Philosophy 4: 295-314. 
+Mitsis, Phillip. 1996. “Epicureans on Death and the Deprivations of Death.” In Gabriele Giannantoni 
+and Marcello Gigante, eds., Epicureismo Greco e romano: Atti del congress internazionale, Napoli, 19-
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+Morel, Pierre-Marie. 2009. Épicure. Paris: Vrin. 
+Newmyer, Stephen T. 2006. Animals, Rights and Reason in Plutarch and Modern Ethics. London: 
+Routledge. 
+Nikolsky, Boris. 2001. "Epicurus on Pleasure." Phronesis 46: 440-65. 
+Nussbaum, Martha C. 1994. The Therapy of Desire: Theory and Practice in Hellenistic Ethics.  
+Princeton: Princeton University Press. 
+Nussbaum, Martha and Amartya Sen, eds.  1993. The Quality of Life. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 
+O’Keefe, Tim. 2010. Epicureanism. Durham: Acumen. 
+Prost, François. 2004. Les théories hellénistiques de la douleur. Louvain: Éditions Peeters = 
+Bibliothèque d'Études Classiques 37. 
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+Purinton, Jeffrey S. 1993. “Epicurus on the telos”, Phronesis 38: 281-320. 
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+Ramelli, Ilaria and David Konstan. 2010. "A Short History of Χαρά: Hellenistic Moral Philosophy to the 
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+Roskam, Geert. 2007a. “Live Unnoticed”: Λάθε βιώσα~.  On the Vicissitudes of an Epicurean Doctrine.  
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+Salem, Jean. 1989. Tel un dieu parmi les hommes: L’éthique d’Épicure. Paris: J. Vrin. 
+Smith, Martin Ferguson, ed. 1993. Diogenes of Oenoanda: The Epicurean Inscription. Naples: 
+Bibliopolis. 
+Sorabji, Richard. 1993. Animal Minds and Human Morals: The Origins of the Western Debate. Ithaca: 
+Cornell University Press. 
+Striker, Gisela. 1988. "Commentary on Mitsis."  Proceedings of the Boston Area Colloquium on Ancient 
+Philosophy 4: 315-320. 
+Tsouna, Voula. 2007. The Ethics of Philodemus. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 
+Verde, Francesco, ed. and trans. 2010. Epistola a Erodoto. Introduction by Emidio Spinelli.  Rome: 
+Carocci Editore. 
+Warren, James. 2002. Epicurus and Democritean Ethics: An Archaeology of Ataraxia. Cambridge: 
+Cambridge University Press. 
+Warren, James. 2009. “Aristotle on Speusippus on Eudoxus on Pleasure.” Oxford Studies in Ancient 
+Philosophy 36: 249-81. 
+Wheeler, M.R. 2003. "Epicurus on Friendship: The Emergence of Blessedness."  In Dane R. Gordon and 
+David B. Suits, eds., Epicurus: His Continuing Influence and Contemporary Relevance (Rochester: RIT 
+Cary Graphics Arts Press, 2003), pp. 183-208. 
+Wolfsdorf, David. 2009. “Epicurus on Euphrosunê and Energeia (DL 10.136).” Apeiron 42: 221-57. 
+Woolf, Raphael. 2004. “What Kind of Hedonist Was Epicurus?” Phronesis 49: 303-322. 
+Woolf, Raphael. 2009. “Pleasure and Desire.” In James Warren, ed., The Cambridge Companion to 
+Epicureanism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 158-78. 
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/4a5d789a5e3660e0.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/4a5d789a5e3660e0.txt
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+Correction: Intradisciplinarity: can one theory do it all?
+
+In recent papers (e.g., 2020a, b, 2021, 2022a, b) Bateman explores his vision for multimodality as an empirical discipline. In doing so he draws on sociological studies of knowledge structure, including work by Bernstein (2000) and Maton (2011, 2014, 2016, Maton & Chen 2016, Maton & Howard 2016, Maton et al. 2016). As part of this projection he warns against falling foul of "various flavours and variations of Saussure's well-known proposal of language (or any other system) as a 'master template' for semiotics as such" (Bateman 2022: 47) and what he calls 'linguistic imperialism' (Bateman 2022b: 63). In addition he notes that 'predatory' interdisciplinarity "will be rejected from the start" (Bateman 2021: 308).Read in tandem with Kress's many declarations of a new age of meaning making called 'Multimodality' (e.g., Kress 2003Kress , 2010Kress , 2015)), superseding language and the discipline of linguistics, serious questions have to be raised about work on multimodality informed by a theory of language such as Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) -work evolving into something we might call Systemic Functional Semiotics (SFS) via publications such as Kress & van Leeuwen's Reading Images (1990 and Accordingly in this paper I will draw on the sociological studies referred to above to explore the nature of SFL and SFS as knowledge structures, compare them with the model of empirical multimodality envisioned by Bateman and make some suggestions about how his ambitions for the field might be most effectively accommodated. I write as an SFL linguist (discourse analyst in particular), who has been drawn into work on multimodality by research students and colleagues over the past two and a half decades. As such, given the misgivings about the contribution of linguistics noted above, I should perhaps request readers' indulgence -as I suggest that an SFL/SFS perspective need not be read as the foul and predatory one that some of the more logophobic multimodalists apparently fear.In discussions of this kind it is important to distinguish multimodality as a field of research and multimodality as its object of study. Multimodalists (like psychologists) unfortunately tend to use the same term for both phenomena (cf., language and linguistics for linguists). Where confusion might arise I will refer to the field of research as Multimodal Studies below.By way of framing the discussion let's begin with Bernstein's (1996: 23) distinction between singulars and regions. For Bernstein a singular is "a discourse which has appropriated a space to give itself a unique name", for example, "physics, chemistry, sociology, psychology" and which "created the field of the production of knowledge". These he contrasts with regions, "a recontextualising of singulars", for example, "medicine, architecture, engineering, information science", noting that "any regionalisation of knowledge implies a recontextualising principle: which singulars are to be selected, what knowledge within the singular is to be introduced and related." Importantly he goes on to comment that "regions are the interface between the field of the production of knowledge and any field of practice." Had Bernstein's vision extended into the 21st century, he might well have added multimodality as an emerging region to his list, with media and communications as its field of practice.Seen in these terms SFL is a canonical singular (Martin 2014(Martin , 2016) ) and contrasts with its regionalisation in the Sydney School's well-known genre-based literacy programs (Rose & Martin 2012) -which tend to draw on a range of relevant singulars (including for example Bernstein and Maton's sociology of knowledge, neo/Vygotskyan social psychology and strands of Critical Discourse Analysis). One possible reading of Bateman's vision would entail, via design and/or evolution, the transformation of Multimodal Studies into a singularwith its own distinctive knowledge structure deploying an empirical methodology grounding theory and description.Bernstein's perspective is further elaborated in the distinction he draws between horizontal and vertical discourse (an opposition between what he earlier on referred to as common and uncommon sense). A horizontal discourse involves "a set of strategies which are local, segmentally organised, context specific and dependent, for maximising encounters with persons and habitats....This form has a group of well-known features: it is likely to be oral, local, context dependent and specific, tacit, multi-layered and contradictory across but not within contexts" (Bernstein 2000: 157). A vertical discourse on the other hand "takes the form of a coherent, explicit and systematically principled structure, hierarchically organised as in the sciences, or it takes the form of a series of specialised languages with specialised modes of interrogation and specialised criteria for the production and circulation of texts as in the social sciences and humanities" (Bernstein 2000: 157).In addition two forms of vertical discourse are distinguished -hierarchical knowledge structures vs horizontal ones. A hierarchical knowledge structure is "a coherent, explicit and systematically principled structure, hierarchically organised" which "attempts to create very general propositions and theories, which integrate knowledge at lower levels, and in this way shows underlying uniformities across an expanding range of apparently different phenomena" (Bernstein 1999: 161-162) -e.g., physics, chemistry or biology. A horizontal knowledge structure on the other hand is defined as "a series of specialised languages with specialised modes of interrogation and criteria for the construction and circulation of texts" (Bernstein 1999: 162) -e.g., linguistic theories which position themselves as functional, arguably West Coast Functionalism, Lexical Functional Grammar, Functional Grammar, Discourse Functional Grammar, Role and Reference Grammar or Systemic Functional Linguistics. Bernstein uses a triangle to symbolise hierarchical knowledge structures, since they attempt to create ever more general propositions which account for an expanding range of phenomena (e.g., Newtonian physics, superseded by Einstein's relativity, superseded by string theory and so on). Horizontal knowledge structures on the other hand are visualised by succession of 'Ls' since what counts as development is the introduction of a new perspective, typically by junior speakers who challenge the power and legitimacy of more senior ones (e.g., marxist history, feminist history, post-colonial history and so on). A synoptic overview of these distinctions is offered in Figure 1.Figure 1: Discourse and knowledge structure (after Bernstein 1999Bernstein , 2000) ) As exemplified above, in Bernstein's terms SFL is a canonical member of a horizontal knowledge structure comprising many different theories. Bateman's vision for Multimodal Studies is perhaps a more ambitious one, leaning towards the design and evolution of a hierarchical knowledge structure. This is a trajectory that linguistic theories have embraced, without success, since the modern discipline was founded by Saussure (1916). Wignell (2007a, b) examines the history of social science, focusing on the emergence of economics, political economy and sociology as "a hybrid of the language of the physical sciences and the language of the humanities" (Wignell 2007a: 202) -suggesting that the stronger the boundaries around one of these disciplines, the more it will evolve the characteristics of a hierarchical knowledge structure. In his 2004 conference presentation of Wignell (2007a) he in fact refers to social science knowledge structures as 'warring triangles', since they in general aspire to be recognised as hierarchical knowledge structures (viz linguists' claims for their discipline as the 'science of language'). What happens in practice however is that one or another linguistic theory gains institutional rather than intellectual control of the discipline, for a specific period of time, in a specific place (e.g., Chomskyan linguistics' supremacist control of American linguistics and its intellectual dominions in the 1960s, waning not long thereafter). Seen in these terms, Bateman's vision involves strengthening boundaries around what counts as empirical Multimodal Studies, thereby fostering its development as a hierarchical knowledge structure -occluding more 'weakly bounded' competing triangles as it does so and enjoying globalised longevity. Bernstein (2000: 132-134) probes more deeply into the characteristics of hierarchical and horizontal knowledge structures in his recognition of internal and external languages of description (which he labels L 1 and L 2 respectively). L 1 "refers to the syntax whereby a conceptual language is created" or how constituent concepts of a theory are interrelated; and L 2 "refers to the syntax whereby the internal language can describe something other than itself " (2000: or how a concepts are to structures with a internal 1 ) have concepts that are interrelated; in hierarchical knowledge structures this the of a external 2 ) whereby concepts are to in these focusing on how knowledge structures the term to on how internal ever more general propositions for a range of or the addition of new languages of description he the term L 1 L 2 L L to on how knowledge structures about a set of or via of a set of that are to of these is as Figure including a of canonical knowledge structures a knowledge structure Seen in these terms Bateman's ambitions for Multimodal Studies strengthening internal and external of description so that the field can via what refers to as on As as as is Bateman draws to Maton & discussion and of languages of description and external ones and L 2 respectively). languages are to be more general and specific than external In for example, languages what are referred to as and general such as or as such as or These a linguist the description of the of a language with into a more specific description of the to What as L 1 , L and L 2 is itself a over time, as L and are to L 1 or L 1 concepts are to L language (or perhaps to L 2 external more on this we the evolution of SFS from SFL itself a of different languages of as in the and & et al. we will the model by Martin and his colleagues and his colleagues , and his colleagues , which is the one that has most Bateman (e.g., (e.g., , (e.g., , Saussure it language as a of (e.g., it takes the of and as it this over structure (e.g., This language in external which in of in structure. internal has to the of of of and of has the as in in to the of the the or meaning and of or structure and the of and discourse A synoptic overview of these Martin is in Figure an to both and are with and for 2 an perspective, for some languages is need to distinguish and is structure of more than one make for this at the of the in Figure this I will which on the form vs As in Martin et al. the of SFL at Saussure and in language as form not This that is not as a of language in its own it is a region in Bernstein's terms with such as recognition or on and deploying a set of internal and external very different to by linguistics in This is not to the of and to one another students are in but to the very different knowledge structures in the description of form as to structure and As as the description of is SFL does not its description to what called or of of or In to SFL is by of and (e.g., distinction between and in can be to this the perspective of make a distinction between and of group can be by the same a distinction can be by the in the relevant is or are are not very Accordingly the same is different structures, as in and SFL in other are not a of they structures on of in to the at This for example in to an SFS description of that an information can be set by the structure without making the that in fact this are extended from Kress & van in Figure of the is it is an the is selected, the and are in the by to the and to the This claims about it ones as a structure by a in that this is perhaps a reading of Kress Leeuwen's account of information structure in but is that SFS need not foul of their This to the of need to be set to the for structures in a given for example to and to ones. This be important are to different structures different for a given to and to vertical or horizontal are of that arguably need in such terms are to or for example to the specific uses of in Figure and can in linguists' or in for example to specific such as that which at the of in Martin & this in their work on science on work by and colleagues et al. Martin and for is in Figure a in 2 and a a a and a of and for the we have the of including a or and we to we can a or an or to one in the we it can be more or vertical or or both the we with a this is an to such of form can be (e.g., , on for and some kind of of and can be into the description in work on is in the knowledge structure of as informed by of this about knowledge structure and SFS can be in to and As van , ) shows his work on for and can be to which the which of structures and of the kind introduced I would to refer to these as a of language or any other since other than internal and external their in terms we are with not As above in to and this is not to suggest that work on is not relevant to is to to we have of at different of a of referred to by as of to is not a of this In SFL other of internal are in to concepts of and in other are on of with to of meaning or of respectively). has to with the of in and the of as over -as texts as speakers or as languages evolve has to with the of to of a and their use of to in social over (e.g., and arguably be with one kind of theory or but not Systemic As in Martin in studies which as it is not to make a about how will into with one on the in kind of meaning and of structure and of external 2 but across the SFS studies in the L 1 is Accordingly in SFS and are as L the description 2 of languages of description with it the that the between L 1 and L 2 can be as a to is well to a of this kind since are from more general to more specific a referred to as in Figure for example are more general than which are in more general than ones and so This it possible to be more and specific about what as L 1 , L and L 2 the opposition as L , but about more construction of L 2 a specific of is important to in in to this that more or general as L can be without making any claims at about how such are in structure. to of to be for L 2 , since structures across languages (Martin Martin et al. and In SFL context is as form not in In the model of SFL context is as and (Martin Martin & and is in to its in language field is to as is to as is to This context to be as for making meaning and to language ones & Martin 2021, et al. These context of L 1 are well and more than language of their of and as of language in addition to a of in as as the distinction between and is are in a position to compare SFS with Bateman's for the L 1 of what he refers to as a in In doing so we need to in the of L 1 in to of modes 2 2 ) can be and in that not call for or of L 1 or L in other are more serious than -as we model of language and as in Figure a of for with Bateman's of his of Bateman et al. the in Figure of or the organised of as and the of discourse to SFS this the of as a and it with the of form two discourse As noted above, the term is for a in so the term is to in are by the of the discourse of the as an example, the of set in Kress might as of their as from the perspective of the this two of the at which of and and the discourse at it be possible to that the is a in other it not modes is as discourse and it is this that a to any of meaning making in modes is in Bateman in to model of discourse Seen in SFS terms Bateman's discourse is on in this perspective meaning is ever something that can be in to and context as texts meaning a of as they what Bateman as a called discourse SFS would from the of not discourse with and would be as form in Bateman's organised of Bateman et al. of structure (e.g., Martin to Bateman's of discourse structures discourse a of of as texts of discourse would have to be in Bateman's as for the of that can be so In at one of Bateman's model (Bateman & discourse as well as form is as of and structure. This Bateman's work on between in and & Bateman's description of to be In perhaps of about the nature of to be for the of In its at the of discourse of elaborated from & (e.g., as of meaning to be (e.g., Bateman in to is to a in Martin on on Martin on and et al. on and Martin & on Martin on Martin & on context as vs and Martin & on of referred to as in Martin & of these the of and work by Bateman and his colleagues (e.g., Bateman & as it is by & work on the of (e.g., This conceptual is one SFL and SFS are to be by Bateman's of multimodality (discourse in addition to the in Figure L 1 of Bateman's model a more comprising social & (Bateman & or (Bateman 2022b: in work (e.g., Bateman , 2016) ) the of is into the This work with SFL work on context as and and is for in this one of some SFS work on such as that noted in 1 is the of and for by Kress & van Leeuwen's (1990 and of on the to field and in work on and or to field in work on chemistry is in in Maton's to be from the of knowledge and Accordingly referred to as takes into account both knowledge and what it and social knowledge and who is on the of and social a of with for which legitimacy on what what is who it both what and who and which and knowledge is This is exemplified in Figure with to in about a who a by to and an who into the and a and are to in Figure it is who to we of evolution, perhaps with who the of in the at a of the in the a about evolution in the 21st to we might position Bateman as by a knowledge van and by an by a and by a Kress's would have to be a more one, the of Reading Images but towards publications such as in the and a social to which his draw on any at from Reading Images and his his in the field of multimodality its most This is a region into a singular with a internal and external a range of (including via a knowledge is what Bateman have in into Maton between knowledge and the part of the they are to and between knowledge and a which both the object of and how it is but a which a of of but is the as as I who has been called on to give a publications are I should perhaps that not to speakers in different they the that a given way of but for a whereby a specific object of is in but it can be from of (or as Maton knowledge at and a which is with to both what is and As in Figure a of this kind would position SFL as it studies language from one SFS as it studies any but from the perspective of Semiotics Kress & van as it the of multimodality from different of and something information as it on of by a Seen in these terms one of Bateman's is to the trajectory of Multimodal Studies, which at some to towards ever and he to its trajectory towards stronger its object of we might falling foul of the linguistic and predatory interdisciplinarity that might be to from Maton's work on and is that both knowledge and internal and external for Studies is not a given field as In this SFS has the of to both knowledge and from since in practice SFL informed discourse into texts and the of internal and external is in vision for Multimodal Studies, from Semiotics is perhaps more of a challenge since its internal and external and its make stronger a which draws on & to the of discourse to of well In this paper I have drawn Bernstein and Maton's sociology of knowledge to explore SFL and SFS in to Bateman's vision for empirical multimodality is of more to In is the of which is as For SFL/SFS this is other of the including on a specific of and by ones. For Bateman the is further as form and discourse SFL/SFS from on the of to of in a Bateman's vision and in recent work uses to one of these to this is Bateman's of as a in the model of SFL/SFS it would be as and knowledge structures which have for the of physical and to which have for of and perhaps most from Bateman's perspective, discourse is from a perspective by Bateman and his colleagues form with meaning a of as texts This is with to in and its of structure. as noted above, SFL/SFS description 2 ) has not with theory 1 ) as as is Bateman's misgivings about many notes in this are on in SFL/SFS concepts are across One is and are and of of and This for a specific to how many how many and which are as L 1 , as L or as L 2 Bateman's model is more in with internal and external for for context it would we his of work on by Bateman and his colleagues their of contrasts with the of their of & of the of be it is to that such an the of what is on in as as the of meaning is but I about how it this for or we and the of discourse as of the This be a of and the challenge it on as it be more than As I research students they are by the phenomena they are is a between and of internal and external in any discipline is to not discussion of this to another another who can to in this comment would be that internal is by and with Bateman's its external in so as of one or another are This is since SFL has on Bateman's Where I that by and the can from other for are on one knowledge structure to position two as I have is a it has the of to the of to with the of L 1 -which can be given the of and the challenge of which for what to This takes to which in on what it takes to to with an L 1 and the L 2 it the term linguistics' for the of description and practice his linguistic of this perspective is in Figure for the of a of singulars a given region of This to linguistics was an one in the century, the and his a theory that would one to the with the same one uses challenge for SFS and Bateman's Multimodal Studies, as I in of semiotics which a of description and is in these knowledge a in to a specific that the challenge of can be This theory and description on the same I not in other about interdisciplinarity but rather about is how I how about the same from a different of with a challenge in theories can from one another they can make explicit what another theory is in of very different from ones and/or draw to another has (Martin Maton at al. 2016, is for this that I have what I can to the evolution of SFS of SFL it can into of this between SFS and Bateman's for an empirical multimodality is likely to be more than one SFL rather than SFS and Multimodal Studies can on the same from of For it is important to in which on language and multimodalists with Multimodal discourse to be the of in the this I I about linguistic and have a than predatory vision of SFS and One I have is the by multimodality their by rather of a new multimodality age and the of any language to of in and
\ No newline at end of file
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+Sprachenpolitik in Europa – Tatsachen und Perspektiven
+
+This paper characterizes the linguistic situation in Europe in the context of the global languagesituation. It describes the significance of the "Project Nation" for the European national languages.European unification after World War II is examined in terms of its linguistic consequences in anumber of linguistically sensitive areas such as the economy and science. The language-politicalactivities of the European Council and the European Union are characterized. A distinct languageconcept is necessary for furthering the linguistic development of Europe – such a language conceptshould take into account the teleological, the gnoseological and the communitary dimension oflanguage in equal measure. I argue against a pseudo-solution for the language question through thepropagation of a "lingua franca" and instead plead for a complex linguistic education concept forEurope, in which multilingualism is regarded and language-politically stated as a cultural andintercultural challenge. Central to this concept is the development of a workable hermeneutics.Keywords: Schlüsselbegriffe: Europa, „Projekt Nation“, europäische Vereinigung, Europarat, EuropäischeUnion, „lingua franca“, Mehrsprachigkeit, Interkulturalität, Hermeneutik, teleologische,gnoseologische, kommunitäre Dimension von SpracheEurope, “Project Nation”, European unification, European Council, European Union,“lingua franca”, multilingualism, interculturalism, hermeneutics, teleological, gnoseological,communicatory dimension of language
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/4f2db34d17404695.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/4f2db34d17404695.txt
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+Erratum: The self as a lens through which to study religion: Keiji Nishitani’s Religion and Nothingness revisited
+
+HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies is an acclaimed journal with broad coverage that promotes multidisciplinary, religious, and biblical aspects of studies in the international theological arena. The journal’s publication criteria are based on high ethical standards and the rigor of the methodology and conclusions reported.
+
+http://www.hts.org.za
+Open Access
+HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies 
+ISSN: (Online) 2072-8050, (Print) 0259-9422
+Page 1 of 1
+Correction
+Read online:
+Scan this QR 
+code with your 
+smart phone or 
+mobile device 
+to read online.
+Author: 
+Garth J. Mason1 
+Affiliation: 
+1Department of Religious 
+Studies and Arabic, Faculty 
+of Humanities, University of 
+South Africa, Pretoria, 
+South Africa
+Corresponding author: 
+Garth Mason, 
+masongj@unisa.ac.za
+Dates: 
+Published: 25 Mar. 2022
+How to cite this correction: 
+Mason, G.J., 2022, ‘Erratum: 
+The self as a lens through 
+which to study religion: Keiji 
+Nishitani’s Religion and 
+Nothingness revisited’, HTS 
+Teologiese Studies/
+Theological Studies 78(1), 
+a6991. https://doi.org/​
+10.4102/hts.v78i1.6991
+Copyright:
+© 2022. The Authors. 
+Licensee: AOSIS. This work 
+is licensed under the 
+Creative Commons 
+Attribution License.
+In the original article published, Mason, G.J., 2021, ‘The self is as a lens through which to study 
+religion: Keiji Nishitani’s Religion and Nothingness revisited’, HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological 
+Studies 77(2), a6715. https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v77i2.6715, the title contained a wording error. 
+The wording error was unintentional. As a result of this, the title is corrected to read ‘The self as a 
+lens through which to study religion: Keiji Nishitani’s Religion and Nothingness revisited’.
+The publisher apologises for this error. The correction does not change the study’s findings of 
+significance or overall interpretation of the study’s results or the scientific conclusions of the 
+article in any way.
+Erratum: The self as a lens through which 
+to study religion: Keiji Nishitani’s Religion 
+and Nothingness revisited
+Read online:
+Scan this QR 
+code with your 
+smart phone or 
+mobile device 
+to read online.
+Note: DOI of original article published: https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v77i2.6715
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/54013df6687576dc.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/54013df6687576dc.txt
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+Correction: Media representations of China’s inclusive education: A corpus-assisted critical discourse analysis
+
+[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300123.].
+
+CORRECTION
+Correction: Media representations of China’s
+inclusive education: A corpus-assisted critical
+discourse analysis
+Yating Yu, Gaoqiang Lu, Kuen Fung Sin, Zhiying Yu
+There is an error in affiliation 3 for author Kuen Fung Sin. The correct affiliation 2 is: EdUHK
+to The Department of Special Education and Counselling, Faculty of Education and Human
+Development, The Education University of Hong Kong.
+The correct citation is: Yu Y, Lu G, Sin K. F, Yu Z (2024) Media representations of China’s
+inclusive education: A corpus-assisted critical discourse analysis. PLoS ONE 19(3): e0300123.
+https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0300123
+Reference
+1.
+Yu Y, Lu G, Sin K. F, Yu Z (2024) Media representations of China’s inclusive education: A corpus-
+assisted critical discourse analysis. PLoS ONE 19(3): e0300123. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.
+0300123 PMID: 38547159
+PLOS ONE
+PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0317019
+December 31, 2024
+1 / 1
+a1111111111
+a1111111111
+a1111111111
+a1111111111
+a1111111111
+OPEN ACCESS
+Citation: Yu Y, Lu G, Sin KF, Yu Z (2024)
+Correction: Media representations of China’s
+inclusive education: A corpus-assisted critical
+discourse analysis. PLoS ONE 19(12): e0317019.
+https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0317019
+Published: December 31, 2024
+Copyright: © 2024 Yu et al. This is an open access
+article distributed under the terms of the Creative
+Commons Attribution License, which permits
+unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in
+any medium, provided the original author and
+source are credited.
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/5443421d54d06c7f.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/5443421d54d06c7f.txt
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a0f1998712960371d43c37e507e1ecb2cce291aa
--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+Correction: Listening to Puns Elicits the Co-Activation of Alternative Homophone Meanings during Language Production
+
+[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130853.].
+
+CORRECTION
+Correction: Listening to Puns Elicits the Co-
+Activation of Alternative Homophone
+Meanings during Language Production
+The PLOS ONE Staff
+The third author’s name is cited incorrectly. The publisher apologizes for the error.
+The correct citation is: Rose SB, Spalek K, Abdel Rahman R (2015) Listening to Puns Elicits
+the Co-Activation of Alternative Homophone Meanings during Language Production. PLoS
+ONE 10(6): e0130853. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0130853
+Reference
+1.
+Rose SB, Spalek K, Rahman RA (2015) Listening to Puns Elicits the Co-Activation of Alternative Homo-
+phone Meanings during Language Production. PLoS ONE 10(6): e0130853. https://doi.org/10.1371/
+journal.pone.0130853 PMID: 26114942
+PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0175831
+April 10, 2017
+1 / 1
+a1111111111
+a1111111111
+a1111111111
+a1111111111
+a1111111111
+OPEN ACCESS
+Citation: The PLOS ONE Staff (2017) Correction:
+Listening to Puns Elicits the Co-Activation of
+Alternative Homophone Meanings during
+Language Production. PLoS ONE 12(4): e0175831.
+https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0175831
+Published: April 10, 2017
+Copyright: © 2017 The PLOS ONE Staff. This is an
+open access article distributed under the terms of
+the Creative Commons Attribution License, which
+permits unrestricted use, distribution, and
+reproduction in any medium, provided the original
+author and source are credited.
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+Selecting Presuppositions in Conditional Clauses. Results from a Psycholinguistic Experiment
+
+In this paper, we propose an experiment concerning presupposition selection in conditional sentences containing a presupposition trigger in the consequent. Many theories claim that sentences like if p, q q'-where q is the presupposition of the assertive component q'-have unconditional presuppositions, namely, they simply project q. Other theories suggest that these kinds of conditional sentences project conditional presuppositions of the form if p, q. Data collected suggest two results: (i) in accordance with other experiments (by Romoli), dependence between the presupposition q and the antecedent p favors the selection of a conditional presupposition if p, q. (ii) presupposition selection in conditional sentences with a trigger in the consequent is affected by speakers' cognitive load: if speakers are highly cognitive loaded, then they are less disposed to select a conditional presupposition. We conclude by arguing that cognitive load represents a key factor for the analysis of linguistic and philosophical theories of context.
+
+ORIGINAL RESEARCH
+published: 12 January 2016
+doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.02026
+Frontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org
+1
+January 2016 | Volume 6 | Article 2026
+Edited by:
+Alessio Plebe,
+University of Messina, Italy
+Reviewed by:
+Claudia Bianchi,
+Universitá Vita-Salute San Raffaele,
+Italy
+Diana Mazzarella,
+Centre National de la Recherche
+Scientifique, France
+*Correspondence:
+Carlo Penco
+penco@unige.it
+Specialty section:
+This article was submitted to
+Language Sciences,
+a section of the journal
+Frontiers in Psychology
+Received: 25 June 2015
+Accepted: 18 December 2015
+Published: 12 January 2016
+Citation:
+Domaneschi F, Carrea E, Penco C and
+Greco A (2016) Selecting
+Presuppositions in Conditional
+Clauses. Results from a
+Psycholinguistic Experiment.
+Front. Psychol. 6:2026.
+doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.02026
+Selecting Presuppositions in
+Conditional Clauses. Results from a
+Psycholinguistic Experiment
+Filippo Domaneschi, Elena Carrea, Carlo Penco* and Alberto Greco
+University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
+In this paper, we propose an experiment concerning presupposition selection in
+conditional sentences containing a presupposition trigger in the consequent. Many
+theories claim that sentences like if p, qq’—where q is the presupposition of the assertive
+component q’—have unconditional presuppositions, namely, they simply project q.
+Other theories suggest that these kinds of conditional sentences project conditional
+presuppositions of the form if p, q. Data collected suggest two results: (i) in accordance
+with other experiments (by Romoli), dependence between the presupposition q and the
+antecedent p favors the selection of a conditional presupposition if p, q. (ii) presupposition
+selection in conditional sentences with a trigger in the consequent is affected by
+speakers’ cognitive load: if speakers are highly cognitive loaded, then they are less
+disposed to select a conditional presupposition. We conclude by arguing that cognitive
+load represents a key factor for the analysis of linguistic and philosophical theories of
+context.
+Keywords: presuppositions, conditional clauses, update semantics, context change potential, cognitive load
+PRESUPPOSITIONS, CONTEXT SET, AND COMPOSITIONALITY
+According to the standard semantic framework, the common ground is the set of propositions that
+participants in a conversation mutually assume to be taken for granted (Stalnaker, 2002). In this
+view, the common ground determines the context set, that is, the set of possible worlds in which all
+the propositions that form the common ground are true (Heim, 1983, 1992).
+According to this standpoint, the meaning of a sentence is modeled via its context change
+potential (CCP): an instruction to update the context with new information with the effect of
+producing a new updated context as result. For instance, if the context c corresponds to the set
+of possible worlds in which “I have a sister,” “Konstanz is in Europe,” and “Today is Monday” and,
+in this context, a speaker utters the sentence “I’ve bought a new car” (φ), then the assertion of this
+sentence in the context c (i.e., c+φ) produces, as a result, a context c’ that corresponds to the set of
+possible worlds in which “I have a sister,” “Konstanz is in Europe,” “Today is Monday,” and “I’ve
+bought a new car.”
+From this perspective, presuppositions put requirements on the context: if ψ is a presupposition
+of φ, then c + φ is defined only if c ⊆ψ. For example, the sentence “My car is red” can only
+be uttered in contexts that entail the presupposition “I have a (unique) car.” A sentence’s CCP,
+therefore, is the extent to which the sentence changes the context in which it is uttered to produce a
+new context, assuming that the new context accepts as true not only the sentence itself but also the
+presupposition of the uttered sentence. In general, CCP may be defined as a partial function from
+
+Domaneschi et al.
+Selecting Presuppositions
+contexts to contexts: a sentence φ can only be uttered in a given
+class of contexts and brings about a new class of contexts as
+result1.
+In order to provide an explanation of how the context changes
+in the course of a conversation, different dynamic semantic
+theories have proposed formal representations of language
+structure aimed at modeling the growth of information in
+the processing and development of a discourse. Overall, this
+aims to provide a solution to the traditional problem of the
+compositionality of meaning, that is, an explanation of how the
+meaning of compound sentences depends systematically on the
+meaning of their constituents and on the logical operators in use
+(e.g., negation ¬φ, conjunctions φ ∧ϕ, disjunctions φ ∨ϕ, and
+conditionals φ →ϕ).
+In this respect, for many years, linguists and philosophers
+have been interested in the so-called “presupposition projection
+problem” (Heim, 1983, 1992; Geurts, 1999; Beaver, 2001;
+Schlenker, 2008, 2009; Singh, 2008; Kripke, 2009), that is,
+the problem of the compositionality of presuppositions, how
+complex sentences inherit their parts’ presuppositions. This
+paper deals in particular with one of the most-discussed topics
+in this field of research: the Proviso Problem, the problem
+of the projection properties of conditional sentences with a
+presupposition trigger in the consequent.
+THE PROVISO PROBLEM
+The Problem concerns the projection properties of a specific
+case of composed clauses, conditional sentences that contain a
+presupposition trigger2 in the consequent (CpC); schematically,
+if p, qq’ (where q is a presupposition triggered by the assertive
+component q’). This core problem, the Proviso Problem (Geurts,
+1996), has been widely discussed in recent literature (see for
+instance, Beaver, 2001; Singh, 2008; von Fintel, 2008; Schlenker,
+2010; Chemla and Schlenker, 2011). The discussion has generated
+two different kinds of answers.
+On the one hand, several theories—mainly taking Discourse
+Representation Theory (DRT) as a framework—claim that
+sentences of the type if p, qq’ have mainly unconditional
+presuppositions, namely, they simply project q (e.g., Gazdar,
+1979; van der Sandt, 1992; Geurts, 1999). It is, in fact, intuitive
+that, in several cases, the presupposition projected by a CpC
+is unconditional; for instance, it is the case in the following
+utterance (quoted in Geurts, 1999).
+(1) If John hates sonnets then his wife does so, too.
+1To be precise, a sentence is only ever uttered in a particular context, but the same
+sentence can be correctly used in all contexts in which its presuppositions are true
+(we are grateful to a referee of Frontiers for making this distinction).
+2Presupposition triggers are lexical items and syntactic constructions that, if used
+in an utterance, activate a presupposition. In contemporary debate, there are
+two major approaches to the problem of triggering presuppositions. In semantic
+approaches, it is claimed that presuppositions are a particular type of meaning
+determined by the lexicon (Chierchia and McConnell-Ginet, 2000; Simons, 2001).
+Other scholars (Karttunen, 1974; Simons, 2001; Abusch, 2010; Schlenker, 2010)
+have supported a pragmatic view, according to which presuppositions are the result
+of speakers’ inferences, as well as conversational implicatures (Abusch, 2002, 2010).
+On more specific relations between presuppositions and scalar implicatures see
+Pistoia Reda (2014).
+(1a). John has a wife
+(1) projects the unconditional presupposition, (1a). These
+theories do not exclude the possibility of deriving a conditional
+entailments, of the form if p, q, but they claim that the
+unconditional presupposition is the default reading, since it is
+the result of the universal preferencing of global over local
+accommodation. This is because, while the unconditional reading
+is derived as a presupposition, the conditional reading is inferred
+as an entailment. In other words, a sentence of the form if p,
+qq’ can be represented in at least two ways in terms of discourse
+structure.
+- In the first reading, the presupposition q is globally resolved,
+that is, it is not represented in the utterance structure but in the
+global discourse structure, and the result is q and if p, then q’
+which captures the unconditional presupposition q.
+- In the second reading, q is locally represented and the result is
+If p, then q and q’, which entails the conditional sentence if p,
+then q3.
+In the latter view, the local resolution of the presupposition is
+supposed to be possible only in contexts where it is supported by
+a “bridging inference” of the form if p then it’s usual that q based
+on world knowledge (Geurts, 1999; Piwek and Krahmer, 2000).
+For example, the local resolution that leads to the conditional
+entailment (2a) in the case of the sentence (2) is allowed by the
+bridging inference, “If Mark is a Professor, then it’s usual that he
+has students.”
+(2) If Mark is a Professor, then his students love him.
+(2a). If Mark is a Professor, then he has students.
+On the other hand, competing theories, traditionally known
+as “satisfaction theories,” whose subscribers are often also
+supporters of dynamics semantics4, predict that CpC always
+project conditional presuppositions of the form if p, q and derive
+the unconditional presupposition in different ways depending on
+the versions of the theory (e.g., Heim, 1983; Beaver, 2001; Singh,
+2007; van Rooij, 2007; Chemla, 2009). A seminal idea proposed
+by Heim (1983) has been developed within the framework of
+update semantics: when a context c does not satisfy or does not
+admit an assertion of if p, then qq’, the repair of the context
+is driven by the instruction c[if p, then q][if p, then qq’]. For
+example, informally, to update the context c with the information
+conveyed by (2), it is first necessary to update the context set with
+the information (2a).
+Let us now consider the following examples (quoted in Pérez-
+Carballo, 2009).
+(3) If Paul is not tired, then he will read his Bible tonight.
+(3a). If Paul is not tired, then he has a Bible.
+3See van der Sandt (1992) for the seminal idea of the resolution of presuppositions
+in DRT.
+4Recently, Schlenker (2008; 2009) has proposed a more static approach that makes
+the same predictions as dynamic semantics with regards to the Proviso Problem.
+Schlenker (2008), for instance, proposes an account of presupposition projection
+within a classic semantic framework enriched with two pragmatic principles
+grounded on the Gricean maxim of manner: “Be articulated” and “Be brief.”
+Frontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org
+2
+January 2016 | Volume 6 | Article 2026
+
+Domaneschi et al.
+Selecting Presuppositions
+(3b). Paul has a Bible.
+(4) If Paul is a devout Catholic, then he will read his Bible
+tonight.
+(4a). If Paul is a devout Catholic, then he has a Bible.
+(4b). Paul has a Bible.
+As pointed out by Pérez-Carballo (2009), intuitively, (3)
+seems to project the unconditional presupposition (3b), while
+(4) seems to project the conditional presupposition (4a). A
+possible explanation for that diversity is that, since “the only
+difference between the two examples is the antecedent clause,
+the antecedent clause must play an important role in the present
+phenomenon” (Romoli et al., 2011; p. 593). In particular, the
+dependence of the antecedent on the presupposition of the
+consequent seems to play a crucial role in the Proviso Problem5.
+This dependence seems specifically to affect the selection
+of conditional and unconditional presuppositions, which is
+traditionally identified by Singh (2007, 2008) and Schlenker
+(2011, p. 2) as the “Selection Problem.” This problem needs to
+be distinguished from the “Strengthening Problem,” that is, the
+question of which mechanisms generate these presuppositions.
+In what follows, we focus on the Selection Problem,
+with a view to grasping whether and when conditional and
+unconditional presuppositions are selected depending on the
+relation between the antecedent and the consequent of CpC,
+specifically, depending on the bridging relation between the
+presupposition of the consequent and the antecedent of the
+conditional. In the last decade, the presupposition projection
+problem has been the subject of several experimental studies
+but, to our knowledge, no work has been directly aimed at
+evaluating the relationship between presupposition projection
+and working memory. Our central goal, besides the confirmation
+or disconfirmation of previous experimental results, is to study
+the cognitive load factor in relation to the presupposition
+selection in CpC. The importance of this aspect in the
+experimental investigations of ordinary language is due to the
+widely accepted idea that the greater the extent to which people are
+cognitively loaded, the greater their difficulty in processing certain
+information. Work on the relationship between cognitive load
+and conditional reasoning or processing conditional sentences
+has already produced interesting results, such as Toms et al.
+(1993), Markovits et al. (2002), Meiser et al. (2001), Capon et al.
+(2003). Our experiment uses this basic idea, generating different
+levels of cognitive load to assess whether this affects the subject’s
+understanding or grasping of a conditional or unconditional
+presupposition in CpC. We might say, therefore, that the
+general question at stake here concerns the compositionality
+of presuppositions: what factors affect the selection of either a
+composed or a simple presupposition?
+AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
+The aim of this experimental study is to test three hypotheses
+about presupposition selection in CpC. The first two hypotheses
+5The idea that this kind of probabilistic reasoning is relevant to the Proviso
+Problem is discussed in Beaver (2001); Lassiter (2012), Schlenker (2011), and von
+Fintel (2008).
+have been already investigated by Romoli et al. (2011), although,
+here, we propose a different experimental design, which is also
+required to test the third hypotheses.
+(i) The conditional presupposition if p, q is selected more
+frequently than the unconditional presupposition q.
+(ii) The conditional presupposition If p, q is more likely to arise
+when the presupposition q in the consequent is dependent
+on the antecedent p.
+(iii) Speakers’ cognitive load affects the selection of the
+presupposition (conditional or unconditional).
+Our experiment has been designed to measure the frequency
+of selection of conditional and unconditional presuppositions.
+The preponderance of either conditional or unconditional
+presuppositions, however, does not directly constitute something
+that can decide between the two approaches: DRT vs. satisfaction
+theories. In fact, the two approaches each predict that both
+conditional and unconditional presuppositions can arise and
+neither concerns itself directly with predicting the frequency
+of each kind of presuppositions. For one approach, the default
+reading is the conditional presupposition, for the other, the
+unconditional. The main purpose of this paper, therefore, is
+to take a first step toward a better understanding of the main
+factors that affect the frequency of conditional vs. unconditional
+presuppositions.
+In the experiment, participants were required to perform two
+tasks simultaneously. The main task consisted of listening to a
+short recording, containing sentences of the type if p, qq’ and,
+after that, choosing one sentence that best fits with the recording,
+from a list of four alternatives. The second task, included in Trials
+1 and 3 of the experiment, was to remember two geometrical
+Figures during the first part of the main task (listening to the
+recordings). Trials 1 and 3 included the Interference condition,
+while Trials 2 and 4 included the Simple condition, without
+interference in the main task.
+Pre-experiment
+Two kinds of target items (sentences of the form p, qq’) were
+needed for the experiment: Dependent items, in which the
+presupposition q in the consequent was strongly related to the
+antecedent content p, and Independent items, in which there was
+no dependence between p and q. In order to select appropriate
+items, a questionnaire was created (completed by pencil and
+paper) similar to the one used by Romoli et al. (2011).
+The participants in the pre-experiment were 23 students
+(15 women, 8 men) from the University of Genoa. They were
+recruited for course credit. Their ages ranged between 21 and 32
+(M = 23.95; SD = 3.27). All participants were native Italian
+speakers. Informed consent was obtained.
+In the questionnaire, sentences, each followed by a question,
+were presented to participants; for instance, “Lucy has a dog.
+Does that make it more likely that she has a leash?” The task was
+to give an assessment on a 5-point Likert scale, from 1 (much less
+likely) to 5 (much more likely). The questionnaire included 39
+items. The five items—four tests, plus one instruction trial—with
+the highest score were chosen as target Dependent items, while
+the five items with the scores closest to the neutral 2.5 point were
+chosen as target Independent items.
+Frontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org
+3
+January 2016 | Volume 6 | Article 2026
+
+Domaneschi et al.
+Selecting Presuppositions
+Participants in the Main Experiment
+Participants in the main experiment were 30 students (14 women,
+16 men) from the University of Genoa. None had previously
+taken part in the pre-experiment. They were recruited for course
+credit. Their ages ranged between 20 and 31 (M = 25.8; SD =
+2.94). All participants were native speakers of Italian. Informed
+consent was obtained.
+Stimuli
+We created 5 recordings concerning fictional crimes6. Every
+sentence of each recording was read by different female and
+male voices. We used a whodunit subject in order to encourage
+participants to be more attentive to details, as if they were
+detectives7. The sentences that constituted the stories were in fact
+seemingly unrelated and participants had to interpret them as
+clues to be collected and interpreted, as if they were detectives.
+Each recording comprised between 51 and 66 words (an average
+of 58). Three conditional sentences, with balanced order, were
+included in each recording: (i) a Dependent target conditional
+sentence, (ii) an Independent target conditional sentence, (iii)
+a distractor conditional sentence. Dependent and Independent
+target sentences were selected on the basis of the results obtained
+in the pre-experiment. All the target conditional sentences
+activated a presupposition in the consequent via the presence of a
+definite description. For instance, the Recording 1 ran as follows.
+The thief came into the house during the night. Luke’s father is
+the owner of the house. If Luke is a writer, then his book is sold
+at the bookshop [Dependent target]. Mud stains were found on
+the carpet in the living room. If the thief came into the house
+passing through the garden, then he should have left footprints
+[distractor]. If Luke is tall, then he will tell one of his jokes to the
+cops [Independent target].
+Two sets of four sentences were connected to each recording, a
+Dependent set and an Independent one. In each set, there were
+included:
+- a sentence [C] corresponding to the conditional presupposition
+of the target sentence (Dependent or Independent);
+- a
+sentence
+[U]
+corresponding
+to
+the
+unconditional
+presupposition
+of
+the
+target
+sentence
+(Dependent
+or
+Independent);
+- a conditional filler sentence reporting wrong or unmentioned
+information about general content of the recording [Fc];
+- a
+unconditional
+filler
+sentence
+reporting
+wrong
+or
+unmentioned information about general content of the
+recording [Fu].
+6The experiment was run in Italian. The original items have been included in the
+Appendix in Supplementary Material.
+7The texts of the recordings and some statements presented incongruous
+information mainly because the independent conditionals (see below) expressed
+a link between disconnected, independent contents. In order to make these
+incongruities plausible to the participants, we required them to act as if they were
+detectives, namely, by considering the information presented in the recordings as
+disconnected and incoherent clues provided by witnesses. The post-experimental
+interview revealed no particular difficulties, on the part of the participants, with
+these incongruities.
+For example, the Dependent set of sentences related to Recording
+1, printed above, was:
+- [C] If Luke is a writer, then he has written a book.
+- [U] Luke has written a book.
+- [Fc] If the house is beautiful, then the thief came into the house
+singing.
+- [Fu] The thief came into the house singing.
+The Independent set included the following four sentences:
+- [C] If Luke is tall, then he knows some jokes.
+- [U] Luke knows some jokes.
+- [Fc] If the thief wore slippers, then he had mud on his pants.
+- [Fu] The thief wore slippers.
+Sixteen polygons were created (Figure 1) by combining four
+shapes—triangle, square, hexagon, circle—with four colors—red,
+green, yellow, blue. These figures were used to load participants’
+working memory during the execution of the first part of the
+main task, namely, listening to recordings.
+Procedures
+The study was conducted in a laboratory setting. Instructions,
+stimuli, response recording, and data collection were controlled
+by a laptop computer running E-Prime R⃝1.1. Participants sat
+approximately 50 cm from the display, in a separate room. The
+lighting in the room was normal. Only a keyboard (no mouse)
+was available for responses.
+The experiment included four trials for each participant. Only
+Trials 1 and 3 included the second task about geometrical figures.
+Trials 1 and 3 represented therefore the Interference condition,
+while Trials 2 and 4 represented the Simple condition, without
+interference.
+The Interference condition trials consisted of the following
+phases (Figure 2A).
+1. Two geometrical figures were shown on the screen for 6 s.
+2. Participants listened to an audio recording. This phase lasted
+29 s.
+FIGURE 1 | The sixteen polygons used as stimuli to load participants’
+working memory.
+Frontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org
+4
+January 2016 | Volume 6 | Article 2026
+
+Domaneschi et al.
+Selecting Presuppositions
+3. Participants were required to indicate which polygons they
+had observed during Phase 1. This step was repeated twice:
+on the first screen, they indicated the first polygon seen at the
+beginning of the task (e.g., blue triangle); the same screen was
+then presented for a second time in order to let them indicate
+the second polygon (e.g., yellow hexagon).
+4. The Dependent set was shown to participants. The task was
+to choose one of the four sentences regarding the recordings,
+following their intuition. No time limit was introduced but
+participants were required to select the sentence as quickly as
+possible.
+5. Phase 4 was repeated by showing the Independent set.
+In the Simple condition, the trials (Figure 2B) included only
+Phases 2, 4, and 5.
+By way of instruction, the task was explained to participants
+by using a sample trial. The trials’ order did not change
+during the experiment, while the presentation order of the
+Dependent and Independent sets and the presentation order of
+the four sentences within each set were randomized for every
+participant.
+The figures used to load participants’ working memory were
+chosen randomly but kept fixed for each trial (e.g., Recording
+1 was always presented with a green triangle and a red
+hexagon). This was in order to show participants equally difficult
+combinations of figures.
+Expectations
+Our expectations were as follows.
+(1) For Romoli et al. (2011), participants were led to select
+more conditional presuppositions if p, q, then unconditional
+ones, both in case of Dependent target sentences and of
+Independent target sentences. In particular, this pattern was
+expected for the Simple condition, since it was similar to
+Romoli et al.’s design, which did not include any interference
+task.
+(2) For Romoli et al., the conditional presupposition If p, q
+is more likely to arise when the presupposition q in the
+consequent is dependent on the antecedent p. Since we used
+a within-subject design instead of the between-subject design
+adopted by Romoli et al. we aimed to analyze the effect
+of the dependence for the very same participant on the
+selection of the presupposition, in order to provide a further
+confirmation of the dependence hypothesis.
+(3) We
+expected
+the
+cognitive
+load
+factor
+might
+affect
+participants’ behavior in the selection of the conditional
+presuppositions if
+p, q in both the Simple and the
+Interference conditions. More precisely, since the processing
+of conditional sentences seems to depend more on the
+resources available in the working memory than the
+processing of unconditional (Toms et al., 1993), it is
+reasonable to assume that processing and representing
+FIGURE 2 | Screenshots of each phase in Interference condition (A) and Simple condition (B) trials.
+Frontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org
+5
+January 2016 | Volume 6 | Article 2026
+
+Domaneschi et al.
+Selecting Presuppositions
+a
+conditional
+presupposition
+is
+likely
+to
+be
+more
+cognitively demanding than doing the same for an
+unconditional
+presupposition.
+Hence
+our
+expectation
+was that participants would more frequently select an
+unconditional presupposition [U] instead of a conditional
+one [C] in an interference condition, where they have
+limited resources available for processing the conditional
+presupposition.
+Results
+The data from two participants were excluded from the analysis
+because of an interruption in task performance. Considering the
+second task, with regards to memorizing geometrical figures, the
+mean of correct answer was 0.88 (SD = 0.32). Every participant
+reached at least 50% of correct answer and thus none of them
+were excluded from the analysis.
+The general results are reported in Table 1 and graphically
+summarized in Figure 3. Considering Expectation 1 above,
+we analyzed the percentage of conditional presupposition
+selection [C] with respect to the percentage of unconditional
+presupposition selection [U] in both conditions. The results were:
+• Result 1A: The percentage of conditional presuppositions [C]
+was significantly higher than unconditional presupposition
+[U], using results for Dependent set plus Independent set in
+the Simple condition (Wilcoxon Signed Rank: W = 29.5,
+p < 0.001).
+• Result 1B: The comparison between [C] and [U], using results
+for Dependent set plus Independent set, did not result in a
+statistical difference under the Interference condition.
+The data seems to be in line with Expectation 1 and those
+produced under the Simple condition were consistent with
+Romoli et al.’s results.
+Considering expectation (2), data collected seemed to
+show that:
+TABLE 1 | The general results of the experiment under the two conditions
+(Interference, Simple) and the two sets of answers (Dependent,
+Independent) reported as total frequency of choice.
+Dependent set
+Independent set
+Total
+Interference cond.
+60
+60
+120
+C
+33
+26
+59
+Fc
+1
+7
+8
+Fu
+1
+6
+7
+U
+25
+21
+46
+Simple cond.
+60
+60
+120
+C
+48
+24
+72
+Fc
+1
+4
+5
+Fu
+1
+10
+11
+U
+10
+22
+32
+Total
+120
+120
+240
+Results concern conditional presuppositions [C], conditional fillers; [Fc], unconditional
+fillers; [Fu], unconditional presuppositions [U].
+• Result 2A: the percentage of conditional presuppositions [C]
+selected in the Dependent set was significantly higher than the
+percentage of [C] in the Independent set (Wilcoxon Signed
+Rank: W = 6.5, p < 0.001).
+• Result 2B: this pattern, in result 2A, did not emerge under the
+Interference condition.
+Finally, considering Expectation 3, data collected seem to show
+that:
+• Result 3A: the percentage of [C] selected in the Interference
+condition was lower than the same percentage in the Simple
+condition with regards to the Dependent set (Wilcoxon Signed
+Rank: W = 67, p < 0.05).
+• Result 3B: this effect was not observed in the Independent set.
+GENERAL DISCUSSION
+The general goal of this experiment was to investigate the
+Selection Problem in presuppositions projection in conditional
+sentences with a presupposition trigger in the consequent.
+In particular, our experiment was aimed at evaluating the
+dependence hypothesis considered by Romoli et al. (2011) and
+the role played by participants’ cognitive load.
+Data collected showed two results.
+(1) Participants,
+in
+general,
+selected
+the
+conditional
+presuppositions more frequently than the unconditional
+presuppositions
+in
+processing
+CpC,
+as
+reported
+in
+Result 1A.
+This first result is sympathetic to Conclusion (i), proposed by
+Romoli et al., according to which conditional presuppositions are
+more likely to be selected than unconditional presuppositions.
+This conclusion was confirmed by the data we have collected
+under the Simple experimental condition8. Therefore, Result 1A
+seems to support the central thesis of satisfaction theories that all
+CpCs project mainly conditional presuppositions of the form if
+p, q.
+(2) Participants
+selected
+the
+conditional
+presuppositions
+more frequently when there was dependence between the
+antecedent of the CpC and the presupposition activated by
+the trigger in the consequent, as reported in Result 2A.
+Reconsidering the Simple condition, Result 2A seems to
+be
+compatible
+both
+with
+satisfaction
+theories
+and
+with
+theories which predict that CpC mainly project unconditional
+presuppositions. In fact, the former theories claim that, in cases
+of CpC, conditional presuppositions are selected most of the
+time, hence the conditional presupposition If p, q is more likely to
+arise when the presupposition q in the consequent is dependent
+on the antecedent p. According to the latter theories, even if the
+unconditional presupposition is the preferred reading in cases of
+CpC, when there is dependence between the antecedent of a CpC
+8Since Romoli et al.’s design did not include a second task generating interference,
+our Simple condition was more suitable than our Interference condition for
+comparison with Romoli et al.’s conclusions.
+Frontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org
+6
+January 2016 | Volume 6 | Article 2026
+
+Domaneschi et al.
+Selecting Presuppositions
+FIGURE 3 | The general results graphically summarized in percentages.
+and the presupposition triggered in the consequent, speakers are
+supposed to select a conditional presupposition.
+Result 2A, therefore, coheres with the idea, proposed by
+Romoli et al. (2011), that the conditional presupposition If p,
+q is more likely to arise when the presupposition q in the
+consequent is dependent on the antecedent p. Moreover, since
+we used a within-subject design instead of the between-subject
+design adopted by Romoli et al., we did not analyze data
+collected from different participants assigned to two different
+conditions. Rather, we analyzed the effect of dependence, for
+the same participant, on the selection of the presupposition,
+where dependence was the only manipulated variable. Hence,
+this analysis allows us to support a stronger claim: the
+dependence between the antecedent and the presupposition in
+the consequent of a CpC has a relevant effect in the selection of
+the presupposition.
+To sum up, Results 1A and 2A support the idea that sentences
+of the form If p, qq’ mainly project conditional presupposition as
+If p, q and even more so if there is dependence between p and q9.
+The second purpose of our experiment was to explore the
+effect of participants’ cognitive load. To this end, data collected
+seem to suggest that:
+(3) the same participant, if highly cognitively loaded, selected
+conditional presuppositions less frequently then in the
+case of low cognitive load, as occurred under our Simple
+condition (see Result 3A).
+9As said before, all the target sentences used in our experiment have been divided
+into dependent and independent conditionals thanks to the results of the norming
+pre-experiment. As pointed out by Romoli et al. further research might address
+the question about what notion of dependence has been used by participants while
+answering the questionnaire.
+Our statistical analysis seems to show that, in the Dependent
+set, where participants were supposed to project conditional
+presuppositions (as shown by Result 2A), the very same
+participant, if highly cognitively loaded, might project an
+unconditional
+presupposition
+instead
+of
+the
+conditional
+presupposition that she probably would have projected if she
+had had more cognitive resources available. Considering the
+percentages of conditional and unconditional presuppositions
+selected within the set of dependent targets, data collected
+suggest that, under the Interference condition, the percentage
+of
+conditional
+presuppositions
+projected
+decreases,
+while
+the
+percentage
+of
+unconditional
+presuppositions
+increases.
+Result 3A allows us to claim that, to a certain extent,
+together with the dependence between the antecedent and
+the presupposition in the consequent, speakers’ cognitive
+load is a relevant factor that affects the selection of the
+presupposition in CpC. One explanation for this result might
+be that highly cognitive loaded speakers are less disposed
+to select a conditional presupposition since processing the
+mental representation corresponding to a composed sentence,
+and, in particular, to a conditional sentence, requires more
+cognitive effort than is the case for a simple (i.e., unconditional)
+sentence. Toms et al. (1993), for example, have argued that
+mistakes in conditional reasoning are related to working
+memory. In particular, conditional reasoning seems to require
+a surplus in working memory that, in turn, requires support
+from the central executive. In conditional representations,
+the higher the number of models required, the higher the
+cognitive effort involved (Barrouillet and Lecas, 1999; Johnson-
+Laird, 2001). Hence, the limited available resources under
+the Interference condition might have affected the selection
+Frontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org
+7
+January 2016 | Volume 6 | Article 2026
+
+Domaneschi et al.
+Selecting Presuppositions
+by changing a conditional answer [C] in an unconditional
+answer [U]10.
+Some final considerations concern the set of independent
+targets in our experiment. First of all, we have shown in
+Result 2A that independent conditional presuppositions have
+been selected significantly less frequently than dependent
+conditional presuppositions under the Simple condition. Thus,
+the percentage of independent conditional presuppositions
+under the Simple condition was close to the percentage of
+unconditional presuppositions. This result might be explained by
+assuming that. in the Independent set, since there was no sort of
+bridging inference connecting the content of the antecedent and
+the content of the consequent of the conditional presupposition
+of the CpC, participants have treated independent conditional
+presuppositions in the same way, as if they were independent
+unconditional presuppositions. In this case, in other words,
+the conditional presuppositions have been evaluated as equally
+available by the participants so that, in terms of percentage, they
+have been equally selected in the course of the experiment.
+Secondly, a comparison of Results 2A and 2B shows that
+the percentage of conditional presuppositions selected in the
+Dependent set decreases from the Simple condition to the
+Interference condition, while the percentage of conditional
+presuppositions selected in the independent set does not change
+significantly from the Simple condition to the Interference
+condition. These data seem to support the idea that, while the
+cognitive load factor affects the selection of the presuppositions
+in the Dependent set, it does not seem to have an effect on
+the selection in the Independent set. The data, therefore,
+suggest that the cognitive load factor affects the selection of
+the presupposition of a CpC only when there is a dependence
+between the antecedent of the conditional and the content of
+presupposition triggered in the consequent: if the dependence
+holds, and the speaker is highly cognitively loaded, then she
+seems to be less disposed to select a conditional presupposition.
+This effect of the cognitive load factor on the presupposition
+selection in a dependent CpC might be explained by the bridging
+inference that supports the dependence. The reason may be
+that, under the Interference condition, participants had few
+cognitive resources for performing the main task, given that
+part of their cognitive resources were used in the second
+task (i.e., memorizing geometrical figures). Since processing the
+dependent conditional implied computing the bridging inference
+(e.g., computing that “If Paul is a devout Catholic, then he will
+read his Bible tonight” implies computing the bridging inference
+“If someone is a devout Catholic, then he or she usually has a
+10One relevant point concerns the reasons why the conditional presupposition
+is more costly than the unconditional and whether Result 3A says something
+about the satisfaction vs. DRT-like theories. However, data collected do not seem
+to be strong enough for making previsions concerning the possible mechanisms
+underlying the processing of conditional and unconditional presuppositions that
+might be conjoined with different theories of presuppositions. Rather, data
+collected by this experimental design allows the recognition simply of the cognitive
+amount of selecting presuppositions in CpC: selecting conditional presuppositions
+seems to be more cognitively demanding than selecting unconditional ones.
+Further experimental studies should be conducted to investigate the link between
+processing conditional and unconditional presuppositions in CpC and the
+mechanisms employed in the competing theories.
+Bible”), the interference of the second task under the Interference
+condition affected the selection of the dependent conditional
+presuppositions. The reason seems to be that the remaining
+resources for performing the main task were not sufficient for
+computing both the content of the conditional presuppositions
+and the bridging inferences, with participants consequently
+selecting less dependent conditional presuppositions under the
+Interference condition than in the Simple condition. Conversely,
+processing independent conditionals does not require computing
+any bridging inference; hence, under the Interference condition,
+the remaining resources for performing the main task were
+sufficient for selecting the conditional presuppositions, meaning
+that, under the Interference condition, participants selected
+independent conditional presuppositions as often as under the
+Simple.
+To conclude, data collected support the idea that two relevant
+factors affecting presupposition selection in the Proviso Problem
+are (i) dependence between the antecedent of a CpC and the
+presupposition triggered in the consequent and (ii) speakers’
+cognitive load.
+While presuppositions have, for a long time, been rather
+unexplored as a topic in the field of experimental pragmatics, in
+the last years, a new wave of studies (Schwarz, 2014; Domaneschi,
+2015) have suggested that, while presuppositions are typically
+considered background meanings, expected to be processed
+automatically, the actual processing seems to involve a large
+chunk of the cognitive resources available to the language
+users, which affects the understanding of different kinds of
+presuppositions.
+It was expected that different factors would affect the
+cognitive demand of processing a presupposition. This paper
+has attempted to show that compositionality (i.e., conditional vs.
+unconditional presuppositions) is one of these crucial factors.
+SOME FINAL REMARKS CONCERNING
+THE COGNITIVE LOAD FACTOR
+Cognitive context, the set of presuppositions assumed to
+be taken for granted by the participants in a conversation,
+has been widely discussed since the debate on informative
+presupposition (Gauker, 1998, 2008; Stalnaker, 1998, 2002; von
+Fintel, 2008) and the distinction between passive and active (or
+local) context (Kripke, 2009; Schlenker, 2009, 2011). On this
+background, the notion of cognitive context (and of contextual
+felicity) is still a working theoretical notion at the boundary
+between semantics and pragmatics and is useful for treating
+the pragmatic phenomenon of accommodation (von Fintel,
+2008; Tonhauser et al., 2013). However, while the relevance of
+different cognitive loads on processing conditionals is a usual
+topic in psychological discussion, linguistic and philosophical
+theories of presuppositions have usually bypassed the problem.
+However, doing so runs the risk of treating the concept of
+cognitive context (perhaps including the distinction between
+passive and active context discussed by Kripke, 2009) without
+considering that which context is shared—which presuppositions
+are activated—may depend on the kind of cognitive effort
+Frontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org
+8
+January 2016 | Volume 6 | Article 2026
+
+Domaneschi et al.
+Selecting Presuppositions
+required in a conversation. Without taking into account the
+impact of the cognitive effort behind selecting certain linguistic
+content in a context (e.g., presuppositions), we might overlook
+or misunderstand some experiments’ results and, consequently,
+be unable to select the right competing theory.
+One of the problems with theories of communication based
+on classical linguistic and philosophical theories is that they
+sometimes depend on hypotheses concerning how hearers
+should react or what they should understand to have been
+discussed without taking into account different possible scenarios
+arising from hearers’ different cognitive loads. In a previous
+work (Domaneschi et al., 2014), we have discussed the role
+of cognitive effort in detecting presuppositions, showing that
+some presuppositions (mainly Iteratives and Change of State
+Verbs, which deal with temporal features) are more difficult to
+process when a hearer is highly cognitively loaded. The present
+study, plus Domaneschi et al. (2014) give some provisional
+methodological suggestions concerning the impact of the role
+of cognitive load in assessing the plausibility of linguistic and
+philosophical models: (i) the analysis of the cognitive load factor
+might reveal that, even if a certain semantic reading of a sentence
+appears to be like the default, that is, the one determined by
+the meaning of the clause, language users can opt for a less
+probable reading that is nevertheless more compatible with their
+available cognitive resources. Missing this point may affect how
+the different hypotheses under examination are assessed. (ii)
+The cognitive context (the set of presuppositions) might change
+depending not only on the logic of the discourse structure but
+also on the speakers’ cognitive state, namely, the level of cognitive
+load of participants in the conversation, which affects what
+kind of presuppositions are selected and, consequently, how the
+context changes in the course of a conversational exchange. These
+considerations we propose as hints for future research that might
+reveal further unexpected results.
+FUNDING
+The research was partly funded by a Ministero dell’Istruzione,
+dell’Università
+e
+della
+Ricerca
+(MIUR)
+research
+project
+20107738C5_008 coordinated by Michele Marsonet and by
+the Research Project PRA 2012 Presupposition and Cognitive
+processes coordinated by CP.
+ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
+We would like to thank the referees for their valuable suggestions
+and discussion on specific points of the paper.
+SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL
+The Supplementary Material for this article can be found
+online
+at:
+http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.
+2015.02026
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+Conflict of Interest Statement: The authors declare that the research was
+conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could
+be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
+Copyright © 2016 Domaneschi, Carrea, Penco and Greco. This is an open-access
+article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC
+BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the
+original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this
+journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution
+or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
+Frontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org
+10
+January 2016 | Volume 6 | Article 2026
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@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+Retraction Note: Psycho-linguistic and educational challenges in teaching Chinese (Mandarin) language: voices from none-Chinese teachers of Mandarin language
+
+RETRACTION NOTE
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+Pan et al. BMC Psychology          (2025) 13:473 
+https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-02818-6
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+*Correspondence:
+Dan Sun
+430005@hainnu.edu.cn
+1School of International Education, Hainan Medical University, 
+Haikou City 571199, Hainan Province, China
+2Hainan Normal University, No. 99, Longkun South Road, Qiongshan 
+District, Haikou, Hainan, China
+3School of Foreign Languages, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi, 
+China
+4Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi, China
+5Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
+6School of Humanities, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, 
+Henan 476000, China
+Retraction Note: Psycho-linguistic 
+and educational challenges in teaching 
+Chinese (Mandarin) language: voices 
+from none-Chinese teachers of Mandarin 
+language
+Lei Pan1, Dan Sun2*, Yumei Zou3, Yi Cao4, Jingxian Zhang5 and Fangfang Li6
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/6836c6a625d9d7d2.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/6836c6a625d9d7d2.txt
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+Democracy Will Never be the Same Again: 21st Century Protest and the Transformation of Politics
+
+This paper looks at the current wave of protests and demonstrations and asks whether what we are witnessing is the emergence of a new movement against austerity and in favour of democracy, as many suggest. The wider context is the crisis of representative politics, which is in turn transforming the nature of mobilisation, contestation and politics more generally. In place of traditional organisational structures, we are seeing the emergence of cloud, swarm and connective initiatives with characteristics that challenge and supplant traditional organisational politics. We are seeing the emergence of a politics that is resistant to ‘politicians’ of whatever ideology, seeking to recuperate power and agency from representatives. This creates an interesting tension at the heart of democracy: whether and to what extent democracy needs to ‘reboot’ or whether new political parties and movements can ally the connective to representational styles of politics to provide a way in which democracy can evolve.Este artículo examina la ola de protestas y manifestaciones, preguntándonos si, como muchos sugieren, lo que estamos presenciando es el surgimiento de un nuevo movimiento contra la austeridad y a favor de la democracia. El contexto político está marcado por una generalizada crisis de la política representativa, hecho que a su vez marca la transformación de la naturaleza de la movilización, de la contestación y de la política en general. Estamos presenciando el surgimiento de iniciativas con características cloud, swarm y conectivas que desafían y suplantan a las estructuras organizativas tradicionales. En la actualidad está emergiendo una forma de política que es resistente a los “políticos” de cualquier tipo de ideología y que trata de recuperar el poder de los representantes. Esto crea una tensión interesante en el corazón de la democracia: si, y en qué medida, la democracia necesita ‘resetearse’ o si los nuevos partidos y los nuevos movimientos políticos pueden aliar lo conectivo a estilos de representación política capaces de proporcionar una manera en la que la democracia pueda evolucionar.
\ No newline at end of file
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+El llarg camí del Mal Caçador. El Comte Arnau i el Barón d’Espés revisitats
+
+L’anàlisi de dues figures mítiques del Pirineu, al Ripollès i a la Ribagorça, el Barón d’Espés i el Comte Arnau, ens fa veure dues històries paral·leles que comprenen, en primer lloc, el descrèdit fomentat pel poder, cap a personatges als quals es titlla de depredadors sexuals desmesurats; en segon lloc, la seva possible aliança amb el dimoni i la bruixeria, i, en tercer lloc, el càstig per a tota l’eternitat com un exemple del Mal Caçador, en el cas del Comte Arnau, més diluït en el Barón d’Espés, i la mort afrosa causada pels seus gats o gossos, en el cas del Barón d’Espés. Aquests personatges, però, no són més que la derivació en personatges locals, d’antigues divinitats del tipus d’Odin, conductores d’ànimes que, a través de les diverses aculturacions religioses sofertes, han estat descavalcades dels seus valors positius per enfonsar-les en l’inframón o infern, amb trets negatius, com passa generalment quan es produeix una confrontació entre dues cultures i una en surt perdedora. Però el poble ha triat per blasmar aquests personatges no la depredació sexual, sinó l’abús de poder dels nobles cap als seus vassalls.
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+Erratum: ’n Viering van Afrikaans en Jaap Steyn
+
+Literator publishes research articles and essays on linguistics and literature in general, but focuses in particular on the (comparative) study of South African languages and literatures and other cultural phenomena across language, media and cultural boundaries (examples of topics would be: different manifestations of Post-Modernism, the interaction between visual arts and literature, the representation of the South African War in literature, language attitudes and language policy).
+
+http://www.literator.org.za
+Open Access
+Literator - Journal of Literary Criticism, Comparative Linguistics and Literary Studies 
+ISSN: (Online) 2219-8237, (Print) 0258-2279
+Page 1 of 1
+Correction
+Read online:
+Scan this QR 
+code with your 
+smart phone or 
+mobile device 
+to read online.
+Reviewer:
+Johanita Kirsten1 
+Affiliation:
+1Department of Afrikaans and 
+Linguistics, Faculty of 
+Humanities, North-West 
+University, Vanderbijlpark, 
+South Africa
+Corresponding author:
+Johanita Kirsten, 
+johanita.kirsten@nwu.ac.za
+Dates: 
+Published: 08 Dec. 2021
+How to cite this correction: 
+Kirsten, J., 2021, ‘Erratum: 
+’n Viering van Afrikaans en 
+Jaap Steyn’, Literator 42(1), 
+a1828. https://doi.org/​
+10.4102/lit.v42i1.1828
+Copyright:
+© 2021. The Authors. 
+Licensee: AOSIS. This work 
+is licensed under the 
+Creative Commons 
+Attribution License.
+In the version of this article initially published, Kirsten, J., 2020, ‘’n Viering van Afrikaans en Jaap 
+Steyn’, Literator 41(1), a1735. https://doi.org/10.4102/lit.v41i1.1735, the article section was given 
+incorrectly. The correct section should be Book Review instead of Original Research. 
+This correction does not alter the study’s findings of significance or overall interpretation of the 
+study’s results. The publisher apologises for any inconvenience caused.
+Erratum: ’n Viering van Afrikaans en Jaap Steyn
+Read online:
+Scan this QR 
+code with your 
+smart phone or 
+mobile device 
+to read online.
+Note: DOI of original article published: https://doi.org/10.4102/lit.v41i1.1735
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/720155f83e48c719.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/720155f83e48c719.txt
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@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+Erratum: A Phenomenological Paradigm for Empirical Research in Psychiatry and Psychology: Open Questions
+
+[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01399.].
+
+ERRATUM
+published: 23 July 2020
+doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01989
+Frontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org
+1
+July 2020 | Volume 11 | Article 1989
+Approved by:
+Frontiers Editorial Office,
+Frontiers Media SA, Switzerland
+*Correspondence:
+Frontiers Production Office
+production.office@frontiersin.org
+Specialty section:
+This article was submitted to
+Consciousness Research,
+a section of the journal
+Frontiers in Psychology
+Received: 16 July 2020
+Accepted: 17 July 2020
+Published: 23 July 2020
+Citation:
+Frontiers Production Office (2020)
+Erratum: A Phenomenological
+Paradigm for Empirical Research in
+Psychiatry and Psychology: Open
+Questions. Front. Psychol. 11:1989.
+doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01989
+Erratum: A Phenomenological
+Paradigm for Empirical Research in
+Psychiatry and Psychology: Open
+Questions
+Frontiers Production Office*
+Frontiers Production Office, Frontiers Media SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
+Keywords:
+applied
+phenomenology,
+methodology,
+qualitative
+research,
+psychiatry
+and
+psychology,
+phenomenological interviews
+An Erratum on
+A Phenomenological Paradigm for Empirical Research in Psychiatry and Psychology:
+Open Questions
+by Irarrázaval, L. (2020). Front. Psychol. 11:1399. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01399
+Due to an error in the typesetting process, in the last paragraph of the Introduction, the term
+“epoché” was erroneously replaced by the term “what it is like.” A correction has therefore been
+made to the Introduction section, paragraph four:
+“This article will address the “What,” “Why,” and “How” of phenomenological interviews,
+reviewing recent empirical research in the field of phenomenological psychopathology and
+psychotherapy. Important to note is that qualitative research, as described above, refers to
+empirical research, not to basic or theoretical investigations. Phenomenological qualitative research
+in psychology has been developed using Husserlian concepts such as the “epoché” and the
+“phenomenological reduction,” and precisely on the use of such conceptualizations is where most
+of the current discussion has been placed. The article, therefore, will not attempt to provide a
+broad understanding of the phenomenological tradition. Instead, it will focus on a more specific
+discussion of methodological issues concerning the empirical application of phenomenology in
+qualitative research in psychiatry and psychology, and Husserl’s methodology in particular. To
+do so, we first need to agree that the application of phenomenology to empirical research in
+psychiatry and psychology employing interviews is qualitative, not quantitative. In a strict sense,
+quantitative methodology based on frequency and scales of severity of the patients’ anomalous
+experience, although necessary for the statistical validation of the interviews, goes beyond the
+scope of phenomenology. According to the phenomenological approach, mental disorders cannot
+be reducible to a cerebral organic basis, nor to numbers, as they are not entities per se but
+psychopathological configurations that can be identified in the diagnostic process of interaction
+between a clinician and a patient (Fuchs, 2010; Pallagrosi et al., 2014; Pallagrosi and Fonzi,
+2018; Gozé et al., 2019). Consequently, phenomenological interviews are designed to address not
+objective, but subjective data, namely the what it is like of patients’ anomalous experiences. In this
+way, the patients’ descriptions of their subjective experiences are not conceived as “static” entities,
+but, rather, as part of dynamically, open-ended developing processes and interpretations (Martiny,
+2017).
+The publisher apologizes for this mistake. The original article has been updated.
+
+Frontiers Production Office
+A Phenomenological Paradigm for Empirical Research
+REFERENCES
+Fuchs,
+T.
+(2010).
+Subjectivity
+and
+intersubjectivity
+in
+psychiatric
+diagnosis.
+Psychopathology
+43,
+268–274.
+doi:
+10.1159/0003
+15126
+Gozé,
+T.,
+Moskalewicz,
+M.,
+Schwartz,
+M.
+A.,
+Naudin,
+J.,
+Micoulaud-
+Franchi,
+J.
+A.,
+and
+Cermolacce,
+M.
+(2019).
+Reassessing
+“praecox
+feeling”
+in
+diagnostic
+decision
+making
+in
+schizophrenia:
+a
+critical
+review.
+Schizophr.
+Bull.
+45,
+966–970.
+doi:
+10.1093/schbul/
+sby172
+Martiny, K. M. (2017). Varela’s radical proposal: how to embody and open up
+cognitive science. Constr. Found. 13, 59–67. Available at: http://constructivist.
+info/13/1/059
+Pallagrosi, M., and Fonzi, L. (2018). On the concept of praecox feeling.
+Psychopathology 51, 353–361. doi: 10.1159/000494088
+Pallagrosi, M., Fonzi, L., Picardo, A., and Biondi, M. (2014). Assessing clinician’s
+subjective experience during the interaction with patients. Psychopathology 47,
+111–118. doi: 10.1159/000351589
+Copyright © 2020 Frontiers Production Office. This is an open-access article
+distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).
+The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the
+original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original
+publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice.
+No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these
+terms.
+Frontiers in Psychology | www.frontiersin.org
+2
+July 2020 | Volume 11 | Article 1989
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/7557ffb7d9d51483.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/7557ffb7d9d51483.txt
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@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Erratum: Evaluation of Clarinet Curriculum in Türkiye: Challenges, Perspectives, and Future Directions
+
+The aim of this study is to evaluate the undergraduate clarinet teaching programs implemented in Turkish State Conservatories based on the perspectives of students and faculty members. The study employs a mixed-methods research design that integrates both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Within the scope of this research, a total of 6 faculty members teaching in undergraduate clarinet programs across Türkiye and 35 conservatory students enrolled in these programs were identified. The sample includes the entire accessible population related to the study, thereby ensuring full population coverage. Data were collected through surveys administered to students for the quantitative dimension and semi-structured interviews with faculty members for the qualitative dimension. Quantitative data were analyzed using frequency and percentage distributions, while qualitative data were examined through content analysis. The findings indicate that although the curriculum is generally effective in achieving its objectives, there are notable differences in its implementation across different universities. In addition, certain shortcomings were identified, particularly regarding the enrichment of curriculum content and the accessibility of teaching materials and instructional resources. In conclusion, the study highlights the need to develop a standardized clarinet curriculum that can be implemented across all conservatories in Türkiye. This program should be globally integrated while also incorporating and preserving the cultural values of the country.
\ No newline at end of file
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@@ -0,0 +1,702 @@
+Cultural heritage as a means of heritage tourism development
+
+A large number of studies within the social sciences have been devoted to the relationship between cultural heritage and cultural/ heritage tourism development in recent years and even decades. This area of study has been an object of interest for numerous disciplines, from economics, geography, sociology and history, to ethnology, sociocultural anthropology, museology and cultural studies. The study aims to present selected theories on cultural heritage and heritage tourism based on recent theoretical concepts, and to reflect their implementation within a particular national and regional context based on a case study of the Banská Bystrica Self-Governing Region, Slovakia.
+
+Cultural heritage as a means of heritage tourism development1 
+Alexandra Bitušíková
+Prof. PhDr. Alexandra Bitušíková, PhD.
+Matej Bel University in Banská Bystrica
+Faculty of Arts
+Department of Social Studies and Ethnology
+Tajovského 40 
+974 01 Banská Bystrica 
+Slovakia
+e-mail: alexandra.bitusikova@umb.sk
+Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo, 2021, 9:1:81-95
+doi: 10.46284/mkd.2021.9.1.5 
+Cultural heritage as a means of heritage tourism development
+A large number of studies within the social sciences have been devoted to the relationship between 
+cultural heritage and cultural/ heritage tourism development in recent years and even decades. This area 
+of study has been an object of interest for numerous disciplines, from economics, geography, sociology 
+and history, to ethnology, sociocultural anthropology, museology and cultural studies. The study aims to 
+present selected theories on cultural heritage and heritage tourism based on recent theoretical concepts, 
+and to reflect their implementation within a particular national and regional context based on a case 
+study of the Banská Bystrica Self-Governing Region, Slovakia.
+Keywords: cultural heritage concepts, heritage tourism, Slovakia, Banská Bystrica region
+Introduction
+A large number of studies have been devoted to the relationship between cultural heritage 
+and heritage tourism development in recent years and even decades.2 This research has been 
+an object of interest for many disciplines, from economics, geography, sociology and history, 
+to sociocultural anthropology and cultural studies. Multidisciplinarity, complexity and the evo-
+lution of the subject led to the establishment of heritage studies, a new specific research field 
+mainly “exploring the impact of heritage on the present, and the development of new holistic 
+1 The study has been based on research funded by the VEGA grant No. 1/0232/19, “Kultúrne dedičstvo ako súčasť 
+sociokultúrneho potenciálu rozvoja turizmu v lokálnych spoločenstvách.”
+2 TIMOTHY, Dallen J., BOYD, Stephen W. Heritage Tourism. Harlow, UK: Pearson Education Limited, 2003; TIMO-
+THY, Dallen J., BOYD, Stephen W. Heritage Tourism in the 21st Century: Valued Traditions and New Perspectives. 
+In: Journal of Heritage Tourism, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2006, pp. 1–16; TIMOTHY, Dallen J. Cultural Heritage and Tourism. An 
+Introduction. Bristol – Buffalo – Toronto: Channel View Publications, 2011; NILSSON, Per Åke. Impact of Cul-
+tural Heritage on Tourists. The Heritization Process. In: Athens Journal of Tourism, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2018, pp. 35–54; 
+ROSENFELD, Raymond A. Cultural and Heritage Tourism. In: Municipal Economic Toolkit Project. Michigan, 2008; 
+SALAZAR, Noel B. From Local to Global (and Back): Towards Glocal Ethnographies of Cultural Tourism. In: 
+GREG Richards, MUNSTERS, Wil, eds.: Cultural Tourism Research Methods. CAB International, 2010, pp. 188–198; 
+SALAZAR, Noel B. The Glocalisation of Heritage through Tourism. Balancing, standardisation and differentiation. 
+In: LABADI, Sophia and LONG, Colin, eds.: Heritage and Globalisation. London and New York: Routledge, 2010, pp. 
+131–146; BUI, Huong T., LEE, Timothy J. Commodification and Politicization of heritage: Implications for Heri-
+tage Tourism and the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long, Hanoi (Vietnam). In: ASEAS—Austrian Journal of South-East 
+Asian Studies, Vol. 8, No. 2, 2015, pp. 187–202, and others.
+81
+
+approaches to address the complexities and challenges related to heritage”.3 Cultural or heritage 
+tourism as one of research interests of heritage scholars has been seen in two rather controver-
+sial perspectives in the era of globalisation: it is considered either more positively as a resource 
+of revival, empowerment and development of local or regional communities, or negatively as 
+a metaphor for destruction, erosion or commodification.4 Cultural heritage and its different 
+meanings, definitions and understandings play a significant role in this development. 
+This paper gives an overview of selected theories on cultural heritage and heritage tourism, 
+based on recent theoretical concepts from critical heritage studies. It also tries to reflect on 
+the implementation of new approaches to heritage tourism within a particular national and 
+regional context (Slovakia, The Banská Bystrica Self-Governing Region), on the basis of initial 
+ethnographic research. The case demonstrates new ways of marketing and supporting the cul-
+tural heritage of the region in the twenty-first century. It is based on an analysis of existing do-
+cuments, reports, websites and social media, as well as participant observation and interviews 
+with representatives of the Development Agency Dobrý kraj and its district organisations.5  
+  
+Concept of cultural heritage
+The concept of cultural heritage has been theorised, defined, redefined, negotiated and 
+renegotiated by a large number of theorists and practitioners from different disciplines as well 
+as from the newly developed heritage studies or critical heritage studies. From the analysis of 
+numerous scientific papers it seems that there are as many definitions of the heritage con-
+cept as there are heritage researchers. This argument has been supported by the often-quoted 
+claims of David Lowenthal in his famous book, Heritage as Crusade, that “all at once heritage is 
+everywhere”6 or “heritage today all but defies definition”.7 Indeed, we live in the era of heritage 
+revival or heritage revolution—heritage really is everywhere and it is a crucial part of local, 
+regional or national development and tourism strategies or global tourism visions. 
+The heritage concept has been constructed, recontructed and updated in a number of new 
+critical perspectives. In the traditional “Western” understanding, heritage was viewed more 
+in a physical, material form, which meant that heritage could “be mapped, studied, managed, 
+preserved and/or conserved,” and its protection might be “the subject of national legislation 
+and international agreements, conventions and charters”.8 The critical heritage literature does 
+not look at heritage as a physical “thing” any more, but as a social and cultural construction, 
+as a dynamic and elastic concept and process, as a continuing dialogue with the past, which 
+“engages with acts of remembering that work to create ways to understand and engage with 
+the present”.9 Gregory Ashworth, one of the leading heritage scholars, also supports the idea 
+3 LOULANSKI, Tolina. Revising the Concept for Cultural Heritage: The Argument for a Functional Approach. 
+In: International Journal of Cultural Property. Vol. 13, No. 2, 2006, p. 208.
+4 WINTER, Tim. Heritage Tourism: The Dawn of a New Era? In: LABADI, Sophia, LONG, Colin, eds.: Global 
+Tourism: Cultural Heritage and Economic Encounters. Lanham, New York, Toronto, Plymouth, UK: Alta Mira Press, 2010, 
+p. 117.  
+5 Ethnographics methods were used in a limited way due to the interruption of fieldwork during the COVID-19 
+pandemic. Out of six interviews with the representatives of the Good Region agency and its Regional Tourism 
+Organisation, four had to be conducted online.
+6 LOWENTHAL, David. The Heritage Crusade and the Spoils of History. Cambridge: Camridge University Press, 1998, 
+p. xiii.
+7 LOWENTHAL, The Heritage..., p. 94.
+8 SMITH, Laurajane. Uses of Heritage. London – New York: Routledge, 2006, p. 3.
+9 SMITH, Uses of Heritage..., p. 2. 
+82
+A. Bitušíková: Cultural heritage as a means of heritage tourism development
+
+of understanding heritage as a process, and not as a form. He connects heritage with change, 
+and refuses the idea that heritage—whether it is in a tangible or intangible cultural form—is 
+primarily about preservation or conservation.10 Heritage is currently identified as “that part of 
+the past that we select in the present for contemporary purposes, be they economic, cultural, 
+political or social”.11  
+Jacynthe Bessiére also looks at heritage as a process bridging the past, the present and the 
+future. She stresses that heritage (whether it is an object, a monument, an inherited skill or a 
+symbolic representation) must be seen as an identity marker and a distinguishing feature of 
+a social group. She considers heritage as “a reservoir of meanings necessary to understand 
+the world”—an evolving social production, which is dynamic, constantly under review and 
+ever-changing.12 She offers a hypothesis that “the dynamics of building up heritage consist 
+of actualising, adapting, and re-interpreting elements from the past of a given group (its kno-
+wledge, skills and values), in other words combining conservation and innovation, stability and 
+dynamism, reproduction and creation, and consequently giving a new social meaning which 
+generates identity and unity.“13 
+As many heritage scholars stress, heritage is a value-loaded concept. In his study on values 
+and meanings of heritage, Noel Salazar pointed out that sociocultural values were attached to 
+heritage “because it holds meaning for people or social groups due to its age, beauty, artistry or 
+association with a significant person or event” and these values are produced though complex 
+processes of learning, transmission and awareness building. On the other hand, heritage also 
+has an increasingly significant economic value, mainly in the global tourism market.14 The gro-
+wing trend to “sell” heritage for cultural or heritage tourists has been connected with numerous 
+practices that sometimes can lead even to the destruction of local heritage. According to Tolina 
+Loulanski, the controversy in defining heritage might originate in this duality of being both 
+a cultural and economic subject, possessing both cultural and economic values and having both 
+cultural and economic functions. She continues that heritage should bridge this gap between 
+culture and economy by bringing both approaches together and by making theorists and prac-
+titioners from both fields talk and collaborate.15 
+The nature of heritage relates to present circumstances.16 As heritage is produced in the 
+present, “our relationship with the past is understood in relation to our present temporal and 
+spatial experience”.17 Smith argues that “heritage is used to construct, reconstruct and nego-
+tiate a range of identities and social and cultural values and meanings.18 Indeed, heritage, its 
+10 ASHWORTH, Gregory J. Heritage in Fragments: a Fragmented Instrument for Fragmented Policies. In: MUR-
+ZYN, Monika, A., PURCHLA, Jacek, eds.: Cultural Heritage in the 21st Century. Opportunities and Challenges. Krakow: 
+International Cultural Centre, 2007, p. 32.
+11 GRAHAM, Brian, ASHWORTH, Gregory J., TUNBRIDGE, John E. A Geography of Heritage. Power, Culture and 
+Economy. London: Routledge, 2000, p. 2. 
+12 BESSIÈRE, Jacinthe. Local Development and Heritage: Traditional Food and Cuisine as Tourist Attractions in 
+Rural Areas. In: Sociologia Ruralis, Vol. 38, No. 1, 1998, pp. 26–27.
+13 BESSIÉRE, Local Development..., p. 27.
+14 SALAZAR, Noel B. Shifting Values and Meanings of Heritage. From Cultural Appropriation to Tourism Interpre-
+tation and Back. In: LYON, Sarah, WELLS, E. Christian, eds.: Global Tourism: Cultural Heritage and Economic Encounters. 
+Lanham, New York, Toronto, Plymouth, UK: Alta Mira Press, 2012, p. 24.
+15 LOULANSKI, Revising the Concept..., p. 209.
+16 HARDY, Dennis. 1988. Historical Geography and Heritage Studies. Areas, Vol. 20, No. 4, 1988, pp. 333–338.
+17 HARVEY, David C. Heritage Pasts and Heritage Presents: temporality, meaning and the scope of heritage studies. 
+In: International Journal of Heritage Studies, Vol. 7, No. 4, 2010, p. 325.
+18 SMITH, Uses of Heritage..., p. 3. 
+Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo, 1/2021
+83
+
+meanings and values often represent and support local/ regional identities and lead to building 
+a sense of solidarity, common pride and community, but at the same time—due to heritage 
+value-based characteristics—they can play a negative role in strengthening nationalism, exter-
+mism or hatred towards “any others” who do not share “our values or our heritage”. That is 
+why it is so important to look at heritage from a critical perspective.
+The heritage value is not fixed, but is always a product of interaction and interpretation,19 
+and often a result of power struggles among various actors. On the one hand there are exter-
+nal experts that ascribe certain values, meanings and functions to the heritage, based on some 
+formal criteria; on the other hand there are local actors who can see the value or meaning of 
+their heritage differently. This can lead to either multiple heritage narratives or to so called he-
+ritage dissonance, a mismatch between official narratives and the heritage perceptions of local 
+residents.20 The heritage narratives have been increasingly influenced by the economic value of 
+heritage—a result of the process of commodification of cultural heritage. UNESCO’s World 
+Heritage List, which has become an accreditation scheme for heritage sites, either serves the 
+purposes of tourism (as a major source of revenue) or nation building. This trend illustrates 
+how transnational processes are subject to national and local economic considerations and 
+political agendas.21 
+The national, regional and local development and tourism strategies (based primarily on 
+political and economic agendas) have been increasingly built on the heritage agenda: how to use 
+and sell heritage to domestic and international tourists, how to strengthen the positive image 
+of the country and how to increase revenues. Heritage—in its diverse meanings within diverse 
+actors and stakeholders—has thus become an object of dissonant narratives when it is inter-
+preted in different ways by various actors, or it is interpreted only in one way that serves the 
+“official” (often national or ideological) narrative based on selected history and heritage or on 
+manipulating history and heritage. As Graham et al. stated, “the nation-state required national 
+heritage for a variety of reasons. It supported the consolidation of ... national identification, 
+while absorbing or neutralising potentially competing heritages of social-cultural groups or 
+regions”.22  
+Heritage tourism
+Cultural heritage is currently without any doubt one of the most important resources of 
+global tourism. At the same time, tourism can be a tool used by local communities to learn and 
+respect their own heritage. As a result, cultural/ heritage tourism has been among those tou-
+rism sectors growing most rapidly in recent decades, being the most notable and widespread.23 
+Heritage and tourism scholars use the terms “cultural tourism” and “heritage tourism” someti-
+mes as separate, but often as very related and overlapping phenomena. According to Timothy, 
+cultural tourism is more often used in relation to participation in modern living cultures, con-
+temporary arts and music, primarily in urban areas, while heritage tourism is connected more 
+19 SALAZAR, Shifting Values..., p. 37.
+20 SALAZAR, Shifting Values..., p. 37;  TUNBRIDGE, John E., ASHWORD, Gregory J. Dissonant Heritage: The 
+Management of the Past as a Resource in Conflict. Chichester: J. Wiley, 1996.
+21 SALAZAR, Noel B. Imagineering cultural heritage for local-to-global audiences. In: HALBERTSMA, Marlite, van 
+STIPRIAAN, Alex and van ULZEN, Patricia, eds.: The Heritage Theatre: Globalisation and Cultural Heritage. Newcastle 
+upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2011, pp. 49–72; SALAZAR, Shifting Values..., 2012.
+22 GRAHAM, Brian, ASHWORTH, Gregory J., TUNBRIDGE, John E., A Geography of Heritage..., p. 12. 
+23 TIMOTHY, Dallen J., BOYD, Stephen W. Heritage Tourism in the 21st Century..., p. 1.
+84
+A. Bitušíková: Cultural heritage as a means of heritage tourism development
+
+to rural and place-bound areas and living cultures, older relics and performances. However, 
+despite some differences, cultural tourism and heritage tourism seem to share more similarities 
+than differences. Cultural and heritage tourists’ experience is built on enjoying living and built 
+culture in both rural and urban contexts and on their own personal experiences.24  Timothy 
+and Boyd25 and Timothy26 therefore suggest that both terms might be used interchangeably. 
+Following their suggestions, in this paper I mainly use the term “heritage tourism” as it seems 
+to be more connected to rural cultures and living heritage which I will refer to later in this study. 
+Heritage tourism is one of the oldest forms of travel. The ancient Egyptians and Romans, 
+and later the (mainly European) nobility of medieval times used to travel to historic places of 
+cultural importance.27 The oldest form of tourism was pilgrimage. Early pilgrims from the pe-
+riod of the ancient days of the Greek and Roman empires searched for religious and spiritual 
+experiences.28  In the next period, from the 1600s until the mid-1800s, the Grand Tour was 
+developed as a significant part of the history of European heritage tourism (covering Italy, 
+France, Switzerland, Belgium, Germany, Austria and the Netherlands in particular). Young 
+men of certain higher social strata who were expected to become part of the cultured nobility 
+were encouraged to travel across Europe with their tutors for months or years, visit all signi-
+ficant arts and architecture places (Paris, Rome, Venice, Florence and other historic cities) and 
+learn foreign languages.29 When looking back at the history of European travels we can see 
+a long-term continuity in which a heritage tourist of today often follows similar routes and 
+visits similar European cities, though at a faster pace.30  We could even say the Grand Tour idea 
+contributed to building cultural capital (in Pierre Bourdieu’s meaning) important for the deve-
+lopment of a democratic and united Europe today.
+In recent decades, tourism has become a global phenomenon and shows steady increases 
+in the number of tourists every year. Heritage tourism as a specific sector of global tourism 
+includes visits to historic sites in urban and rural areas, monuments and dwellings, museums, 
+rural and agricultural landscapes, locations where important events happened or places of in-
+teresting living cultures.31 Heritage tourism has become one of the most studied phenomena 
+within both heritage studies and tourism studies, and there are at least three important reasons 
+for this (to mention just a few).
+First, heritage tourism serves important political purposes. Actually, it is more political than 
+most other tourism sectors.32 According to Salazar, on the domestic level, it contributes to 
+stimulating pride in the “(imagined) national history” or to highlighting “the virtues of particu-
+lar ideologies”; and on the supranational level, heritage sites are marketed and sold as “iconic 
+markers of a local area, country, region or even continent”.33 Timothy and Boyd similarly stress 
+that heritage tourism is used “to build patriotism at the domestic level and spread propaganda 
+24 TIMOTHY, Dallen, J. Cultural Heritage and Tourism..., pp. 4–5.
+25 TIMOTHY, Dallen J., BOYD, Stephen W. Heritage Tourism in the 21st Century..., p. 1.
+26 TIMOTHY, Dallen J. Cultural Heritage and Tourism..., p. 6. 
+27 TOWNER, John (1996). An Historical Geography of Recreation and Tourism in the Western World: 1540–1940. Chiches-
+ter: Wiley, 1996; TIMOTHY, Dallen J., BOYD, Stephen W. Heritage Tourism in the 21st Century..., pp. 1–2.
+28 TIMOTHY, Dallen, J. Cultural Heritage And Tourism..., p. 2.
+29 TIMOTHY, Dallen, J. Cultural Heritage And Tourism..., p. 2.
+30 TIMOTHY, Dallen J., BOYD, Stephen W. Heritage Tourism, pp. 12–13. 
+31 TIMOTHY, Dallen J., BOYD, Stephen W. Heritage Tourism in the 21st Century..., p. 2.
+32 TIMOTHY, Dallen, J. Cultural Heritage and Tourism..., p. 127.
+33 SALAZAR, Noel B. The Glocalisation of Heritage..., p. 130.
+Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo, 1/2021
+85
+
+to international visitors”.34 Per Åke Nilsson goes even further, using the term heritagisation, 
+which he describes as a social process, where cultural heritage is used in order to promote cer-
+tain political, often nationalistic ideas. He mentions the recent kidnapping of cultural heritage 
+by right wing movements with the aim to strengthen their political interests.35
+Second, heritage tourism as a target for domestic and foreign tourists is considered a signifi-
+cant source of increasing economic revenue for states, regions and localities. All countries have 
+been trying to attract tourists on the basis of selling and interpreting their cultural heritage, and 
+this approach has become then the key of all visions in local, regional or even national deve-
+lopment and toursim strategies. The economic aspect (the strategy to attract as many tourists as 
+possible) has often been a top argument in persuading these new strategies. Indeed, toursim has 
+become a significant source of economic revenue at all levels; however, it has also had negative 
+consequences and negative impacts on local social and cultural developments and generally 
+on the sustainable development of any tourism destination. The term overtourism has been 
+increasingly used in scholarly literature to describe negative impacts of mass tourism (often 
+heritage-based) in many world regions. As Dodds and Butler stress, “overtourism is a new term 
+for an old problem, namely, excessive numbers of tourists at a specific destination that can 
+result in negative impacts of all types on the community involved”.36 These negative impacts 
+include worsening of the well-being and life-style of local residents, as well as increasing costs 
+for water, energy, waste or housing that are often eight to ten times higher from tourism than 
+those from local consumption.37 
+Third, heritage tourism is often seen as an agent of socio-cultural change.38 It can stimu-
+late local and regional development, contribute to community empowerment, create business 
+opportunities and is a source of capacity building for local people. However, this goes hand in 
+hand with the commodification and over-commercialisation of heritage, and concerns related 
+to these things. Heritage tourists tend to seek “real”, authentic experiences and places, but with 
+commodification of heritage, authenticity is increasingly becoming only a marketing tool and 
+turns into what MacCannell called “staged authenticity” in which locations and local conditions 
+are “being staged for tourist consumption”.39 Authenticity has been a common and relevant 
+object of research in many heritage disciplines.40 It has been studied in relation to handicrafts 
+and “tourist” souvenirs; ethnic or folklore festivals; festivities organised in outdoor heritage 
+34 TIMOTHY, Dallen J., BOYD, Stephen W. Heritage Tourism in the 21st Century..., p. 3.
+35 NILSSON, Per Åke. Impact of Cultural Heritage on Tourists..., pp. 36–37.
+36 DODDS, Rachel, BUTLER, Richard. The Phenomena of Overtourism: a Review. In: International Journal of Tou-
+rism Cities, Vol. 5, Issue 4, 2019, p. 519.
+37 GŐSSLING, Stefan, PEETERS, Paul. Assessing tourism’s global environmental impact 1900–2050. In: Journal 
+of Sustainable Tourism, Vol. 23, No. 5, 2015, pp. 639–59; EPLER WOOD, Megan, MILSTEIN, Mark, AHAMED-
+-BROADHURST, Kathleen. Destinations at Risk: The Invisible Burden of Tourism. Washington, DC: The Travel Foun-
+dation, 2019; DODDS, Rachel, BUTLER, Richard. The Phenomena of Overtourism..., pp. 519–528.
+38 SALAZAR, Noel, B..., The Glocalisatioin of Heritage, p. 130.
+39 MacCANNELL, Dean. Staged Authenticity: Arrangements of Social Space in Tourist Settings. In: American Journal 
+of Sociology, Vol. 79, No. 3, 1973, pp. 589–603.
+40 APOSTOLAKIS, Alexandros. The Convergence Process in Heritage Tourism. In: Annals of Tourism Research, 
+Vol. 40, No. 4, 2003, pp. 795–812. TIMOTHY, Dallen J., BOYD, Stephen W. Heritage Tourism. Harlow, UK: Pearson 
+Education Limited, 2003; LABADI, Sophia. World Heritage, authenticity and post-authenticity. International and 
+national perspectives. In: LABADI, Sophia, LONG, Colin, eds.: Heritage and Globalisation. London and New York: 
+Routledge, 2010, pp. 66–84; TIMOTHY,  Dallen, J. Cultural Heritage and Tourism..., 2011; SILVERMAN, Helaine. 
+Heritage and Authenticity. In: WATERTON, Emma, WATSON, Steve, eds.: The Palgrave Handbook of Contemporary 
+Heritage Research. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.
+86
+A. Bitušíková: Cultural heritage as a means of heritage tourism development
+
+museums or any local performances aimed at attracting tourists and pretending to present an 
+authentic experience. Research on authenticity remains relevant as studying and learning about 
+the role of authenticity in visitors’ experiences can have practical implications for tourism ma-
+nagement.41 
+Tourism itself has been defined and diversified according to various categories (e.g. beach/ 
+resort tourism, ecotourism, religious tourism, sport tourism, shopping tourism, sex tourism, 
+adventure tourism, cultural or heritage tourism). Heritage tourism has been further categorised 
+and as research about it develops, new categories have been identified. In addition to visits to 
+historic cities, castles, cathedrals, museums, archeological sites and monuments of all kinds 
+(built heritage), we can see the rise in popularity of newer specific heritage categories, such as 
+industrial heritage, religious sites and pilgrimage, personal heritage tourism (genealogy, roots 
+and diasporas), indigenous cultures, heritage routes and trails and dark tourism/ thanatou-
+rism—visits to places of death, atrocity or other forms of human suffering.42
+Community tourism or community-based tourism is another category that can be closely re-
+lated to heritage tourism. It refers to tourism that “involves community participation and aims 
+to generate benefits for local communities... by allowing tourists to visit these communities and 
+learn about their culture and the local environment”.43 Although community tourism is usually 
+mentioned in relation to developing countries, the concept has been increasingly used in any 
+other countries where local communities initiate and participate in various activities for tourists. 
+Heritage tourism in Slovakia
+Slovakia as a rather new and unknown country that only gained its independence after 
+the split of Czechoslovakia in 1993, and has been trying to invent and re-invent its image in 
+order to sell it to the global tourism market since its establishment. With a population of 5.4 
+million, the country is ethnically rather homogeneous (81% Slovaks, almost 9% Hungarians, 
+2% Roma, with the remainder being made up of Czechs, Ukrainians, Ruthenians/Rusyns, and 
+others). However, Slovakia’s very diverse geography (from lowlands to high mountains, being 
+the territory between the Pannonia-Tisza zone and the Carpathian geographic zone) and religi-
+ous divisions (being on the European line between Catholicism and the Orthodox and Greek 
+Orthodox) make the small country an increasingly interesting tourism target. And the particular 
+key to tourism interest has been its heritage, both natural and cultural. 
+Slovakia has so far not been very successful in its efforts to attract heritage tourists to all of 
+its regions. The Bratislava region has been the most successful—mainly due to the fact that it is 
+geographically close to Vienna and Budapest, and “travel packages” introduced by various tou-
+rism agencies usually offer a quick visit to all three Central European capitals. Geographically 
+further regions of Slovakia have been trying to attract visitors to areas outside the Bratislava 
+region, using various strategies, often based on heritage narratives. 
+The key strategic document Strategy for Tourism Development 2020 identifies three main 
+objectives, with one of them directly linked to marginalised regions:
+- to support destinations with a sufficient natural and cultural-historical potential in stagnant 
+41 TIMOTHY, Dallen J., BOYD, Stephen W. Heritage Tourism in the 21st Century..., p. 7.
+42 TIMOTHY, Dallen J., BOYD, Stephen W. Heritage Tourism in the 21st Century..., pp. 7–11.
+43 LUCCHETTI, Veronica Garcia, FONT, Xavier. Community Based Tourism: Critical Success Factors. ICRT Occasional 
+Paper, No. OP27, 2013, Australia – Dubai: The International Centre for Responsible Tourism, p. 2.
+Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo, 1/2021
+87
+
+(marginalised) regions with high unemployment and to create new job opportunities.44 
+The following case study focuses on a region that belongs to the category of stagnant re-
+gions. 
+Case study: The Banská Bystrica Dobrý kraj (The Good Region Banská Bystrica)
+The following case demonstrates new visions and objectives of the regional strategy to 
+develop heritage tourism in the Self-Governing Region of Banska Bystrica (BBSK), Central 
+Slovakia. The region is the largest of eight self-governing regions in Slovakia and has a popu-
+lation of 660 thousand people. It is a very heterogeneous region in terms of geography as well 
+as economic and social structure. Generally it consists of the better-developed mountainous 
+north, and the more stagnant flat and agrarian south, bordering with Hungary. The long-term 
+unemployment rate in the region is higher than the country’s average (4.98%) and was at 6.67% 
+in January 2020, with large district differences within the region ranging from 3% to 15% (the 
+main reason for the high unemployment rate in several southern districts is the high Roma 
+minority population).
+Several localities of the region were historically connected with mining, glass and metal 
+industries of global importance and possess outstanding cultural and technical heritage. In 
+addition, several parts of the region are suitable for the development of rural, nature-based 
+tourism or agrotourism, offering the tranquillity of the countryside. Despite being one of the 
+most attractive regions in Slovakia in terms of cultural and natural heritage, its potential has 
+been vastly underrated and underused, mainly because of its rather weak infrastructure (with-
+out a motorway or a nearby airport) and non-effective marketing. It is also important to stress 
+that the region was paralysed during the governance of the neo-Nazi governor Marian Kotleba 
+(2013–2017), which means that for a four-year period any European funding for the support of 
+infrastuctural investments in the Banská Bystrica region was stopped. In addition, development 
+of tourism was not a priority for the BBSK in this period.  
+After the 2017 regional elections when Marian Kotleba and his right-wing neo-Nazi party 
+representatives lost their positions in regional political structures45 (though getting positions in 
+the national parliament), the new regional governor and his team started to develop new strate-
+gies and policies in all sectors, including tourism. One of the first steps was the establishment 
+of the Development Agency of the Self-Governing Region Banská Bystrica (BBSK) called 
+Dobrý kraj (The Good Region).46 In addition to strategic planning, education, health care and 
+social economy, tourism has been identified as one of the priorities. The development of tou-
+rism in the region has been presented under a new communication and marketing destination 
+brand, Za horami, za dolami (Beyond mountains, beyond valleys)—a well-known initial phrase from 
+Slovak fairy tales meaning “somewhere far, far away”. This communication strategy builds on 
+an old storytelling and fairy-tales tradition of Pavol Dobšinský, one of the most important and 
+well-known collectors of Slovak folk tales in the nineteenth century. Dobšinský was born in 
+the region and was the author of a series of eight volumes of the most complete collection of 
+Slovak fairy-tales called “Prostonárodnie slovenské povesti” (Slovak folk tales, 1880–1883), an 
+extraordinary collection comparable to the Grimms’ Fairy Tales collection. Dobšinský’s mes-
+44  Stratégia rozvoja cestovného ruchu do roku 2020. Adopted by the Government of the Slovak Republic No. 379/ 2013 
+from 10 July 2013.
+45 Marian Kotleba lost his position of the regional governor mainly because of a broad civic campaign led by the 
+local grassroots movement Not in Our Town, www.niot.sk. 
+46 https://dobrykraj.sk/; accessed on 12 May 2020.
+88
+A. Bitušíková: Cultural heritage as a means of heritage tourism development
+
+sage to slow down, return to one’s roots and experience adventure (words expressed by him 
+in the nineteenth century) has been the key message in the regional tourism strategy regarding 
+reasons to visit the Banská Bystrica region.   
+The official logo of the Dobrý kraj Development Agency
+The initial idea of the new branding was followed by important structural changes. In 2018, 
+seven district tourism organisations47 co-established a “Regional Organisation of the Banska 
+Bystrica Tourism” (Krajská organizácia cestovného ruchu Banskobystrický kraj Turizmus) as part of the 
+Development Agency with the aim to support common conditions for the development of 
+tourism in the Banská Bystrica region. According to the head of the organisation, 
+the key to cooperation among these seven district organisations is networking through 27 
+thematic working groups. Their objective is to define and prepare best tourism products based 
+on local identity and to connect or involve local people in the organistion of various activities 
+and services (including accommodation and gastronomy services. This networking and partici-
+patory approach aims at creating job opportunities for local people and contributing to regional 
+development.
+The new regional tourism strategy has been built partly on rural tourism and agrotourism, 
+following one of the objectives of the national strategy on tourism.48 As one of the founders 
+of the regional tourism organisation noted, “part of the strategy has been inspired by rather 
+specific tourism visions that use the (supposed) non-attractiveness or low knowledge of the 
+region based on slogans such as ʽthere is nothing specific hereʼ as the key attraction.” In times 
+of “overtourism”,49 and excessive tourism marketing (not only officially, but mainly through in-
+formal social media), this strategy seems to work in various parts of the world, mainly because 
+many travellers start to look for places without tourists. The Banská Bystrica region can offer 
+many such attractions. 
+The heritage tourism brand of the Banská Bystrica Good Region, Za horami za dolami (Be-
+yond mountains, beyond valleys) has so far included eight tourism destinations (2020).50 It follows 
+a communication strategy built on the storytelling of a heritage bearer—a craftsman, a traditi-
+onal farmer, a food producer or a folk costume maker, based on the authenticity of their per-
+sonal story. Since 2020, the website has offered the personal stories of twelve “ambassadors” 
+from concrete tourism destinations of the region, who are representatives of diverse tangible 
+and intangible traditions: a lace-maker from Špania Dolina, a pottery-maker and back-piper 
+from the Hron Region, a blacksmith from the Gemer district, and activists from the Čierny 
+Hron railway and the Banská Štiavnica Calvary, as well as a number of local producers of wine, 
+47 District organisations—Oblastné organizácie cestovného ruchu (OOCR): OOCR Stredné Slovensko, OOCR 
+Región Banská Štiavnica, OOCR Dudince, OOCR Horehronie, OOCR Gron, OOCR Turistický Novohrad a Pod-
+poľanie and OOCR Gemer. Each of these organisations has two district coordinators.
+48 Marketingová stratégia SACR na roky 2014–2020, pp. 23–24.
+49 PECHLANER, Harald, INNERHOFEER, Elisa, ERSCHBAMER, Greta. Overtourism. Tourism Management and 
+Solutions. London: Routledge, 2019.
+50 https://www.zahoramizadolami.sk/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Za-horami-za-dolami_brozura_A5.pdf;   
+ accessed on 21 January 2021.
+Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo, 1/2021
+89
+
+honey or cheese.51 This method of heritage tourism marketing focuses on a more intimate and 
+emotional contact between the heritage bearer and the potential customer. 
+The governor of the Banská Bystrica region Ján Lunter stressed: 
+„Changing the perception of our region is extremely important for us. Beautiful nature 
+is often undiscovered, traditions and customs unknown. We try to take inspiration from the 
+countries that know how to use a country’s potential and at the same time protect and enhance 
+it.“52 
+The Development Agency Dobrý kraj and its regional tourism organisation collaborate in-
+tensively with international partners. Since 2019 this has also taken place through the project 
+“Catching-up”, initiated and funded by the European Commission and the World Bank.  
+The heritage tourism brand Beyond mountains, beyond valleys is focused on so-called experien-
+ce tourism (or experiential tourism) which has become very popular in recent years. Tourists, 
+travellers or visitors increasingly prefer to spend their money on special experiences rather 
+than on commodities. This kind of tourism is more about personal life-enriching experiences, 
+learning about new cultural and natural landsacpes, meeting local people, gaining new skills and 
+even about self-discovery. As the head of the Regional Agency expressed: 
+Experience is a key word for us. We want to provide special, emotional experiences to vi-
+sitors. However, our main target is not profit, but regional development. Most of our tourism 
+products aim at small groups up to five people, for example cultural-natural and educational 
+walks in marginalised corners of the region (such as the Tour of the folklore hero – rebel Burda 
+in the Horehron region or the Tour of wooden barns in the Gron district).
+Beyond mountains, beyond valleys tourism products are offered under various categories: Learn 
+about your region; Discover stories and narratives; Regional products; Experience someting 
+extraordinary in the region; and Buy an experience. Under these categories a visitor can find nu-
+merous opportunities to discover the region. S/he can choose from The Horehron Train Route 
+(the most successful of all the attractions); The Mining Train Route; The Hron River Myste-
+rious Castle Route; The Glass Route; The Iron Route; Exploring Wooden Barns; Discovering 
+Celtic Settlements; or personal visits to bearers of tradition—a honey-maker, a cheese-maker 
+51 https://www.zahoramizadolami.sk/#objav-pribehy; accessed on 16 May 2020.
+52 https://mybystrica.sme.sk/c/22037184/za-horami-za-dolami-tak-sa-vola-nova-turisticka-znacka.html; accessed 
+  on 15 June 2020.
+The official logo of the Beyond Mountains, beyond valleys brand
+90
+A. Bitušíková: Cultural heritage as a means of heritage tourism development
+
+or a wine producer.53 As visitors want to experience someting special or to learn new skills, they 
+can spend a day working with a farmer in the Podpoľanie region, learn how to make original 
+regional embroidery or experience putting on and wearing traditional folk costume. In 2020, 
+fifty-seven unique “experiences” were offered to visitors54 and the plan is to add new ones, such 
+as The Castle Route in the south of the region on the Hungarian border (Fiľakovo, Šomoška, 
+Divín, Modrý Kameň), with the aim of attracting more tourists from Hungary.   
+The strategy behind the brand builds on participatory models in tourism development that 
+are broadly also accepted as a criterion for sustainable tourism. Collaborative participatory 
+models tend to involve various stakeholders in tourism development and thus offer visitors 
+opportunities to meet local people in real situations.55 All seven tourism district organisations 
+in the Banská Bystrica region co-operate closely with local municipalities, businesses, non-gov-
+ernmental organisations, active informal groups, volunteers and individuals from local com-
+munities in order to avoid one-way and top-down decision-making. As expressed by one of 
+the coordinators: “We cannot imagine some of our activities without our enthusiasts, such as 
+railway or castle fans.”
+One of the most important parts of the Good Region strategy has been the project to cre-
+ate a network of local and regional producers, artists, farmers etc., and to establish a common 
+platform to give them opportunities to advertise and sell their local products (both tangible 
+and intangible) to local people and visitors. Although these local products are of high quality, 
+the producers often do not have the knowledge, experience and capacity for marketing and 
+distribution. The idea to overcome this challenge has been to introduce Regionálne pulty (the 
+Regional Stands) in six districts of the region that serve as information centres, but mainly as 
+selling points of high quality Regional Products.56 In order to get the certification of a Regional 
+Product, these products have to fulfil high quality requirements: they have to represent tradi-
+tional handmade production and local/ regional origin and uniqueness, and demonstrate high 
+hygiene standards in the case of food products. The label “Regional Product” has been so far 
+given to more than 20 products (Regional product Horehronie, Regional product Podpoľanie, 
+Regional product Hont, Regional product Pohronie, Regional product Gemer-Malohont, Regi-
+onal product Novohrad).57
+The COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2021) disrupted the activities and enterprises of many 
+local producers in the region including those in the tourism business. The Good Region De-
+velopment Agency and the Regional Organisation of the Banska Bystrica Tourism did not 
+give up. As all open markets and fairs had to be cancelled, the regional municipality initiated 
+a campaign called “Buy and help”. According to Ján Lunter, the regional governor: “The aim 
+53 https://www.zahoramizadolami.sk/rezervuj-si-zazitky/?jump_date=2020-06-01; accessed on 12 June 2020; 
+https://www.facebook.com/327255131213705/videos/993605464387495; accessed on 8 February 2021;   https://
+www.facebook.com/327255131213705/videos/332143591091982; accessed on 3 February 2021; https://www.fa-
+cebook.com/zahoramizadolami.sk/; accessed on 2 June 2020.
+54 https://rabbsk.dobrykraj.sk/subory/brozura/BBSK-2roky-Rozvojova-Agentura.pdf; accessed on 6 February 
+   2021.
+55 e.g. OZCEVIK, Ozlem, BEYGO, Cem, AKCAKAYA, Imge (2010). Building capacity through collaborative local 
+action: Case of Matra REGIMA within Zeytinburnu regeneration scheme. In: Journal of Urban Planning and Develop-
+ment, Vol. 136, No. 2, 2010, pp. 169–175.
+56 https://www.zahoramizadolami.sk/regionalne/; accessed on 23 June 2020; 
+   https://www.facebook.com/lunter2017/videos/238754819982867; accessed on 11 January 2021.
+57 https://zvonline.sk/regionalne-pulty-ponukaju-vyrobky-lokalnych-producentov-a-remeselnikov/; accessed on  
+   19 May 2020.
+Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo, 1/2021
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+
+of the campaign is to motivate the people to help each other and to support local producers 
+by buying their products.”58 The campaign’s main objective was to enable the online sale of the 
+local producers’ products registered on the regional network. Soon after the beginning of the 
+pandemic, the Regional Stands started to offer online sales of more than a hundred products 
+made by more than twenty local producers: honey, wine, jam, syrups, herbal tea and cosmetics, 
+as well as wooden carved products such as crosses or musical instruments.
+The Banská Bystrica Good Region Development Agency’s overall tourism strategy relies on 
+the concept in which heritage is seen as an important multivalent resource59 that can be used for 
+tourism, education, sports, entertainment, skills development, and cultural and creative indus-
+tries. Similarly, Tunbridge and Ashworth define heritage as a “resource upon which extensive 
+activities or industries have been constructed”.60 The Good Region strategy strongly supports 
+using heritage as a multiple resource. It also increasingly uses the potential of new technologies 
+in order to unlock the value of cultural heritage in the region and open it to broader tourism 
+audience (by using social media and creating mobile applications, e.g. an app for the Revište 
+castle which comes to life in a playful and entertaining way). If we compare the current situ-
+ation to the tourism marketing of the region before the establishment of the agency and its 
+regional tourism organisation (2018), we can see that the former marketing was oriented more 
+to attracting tourists to the Low and High Tatra mountains with short visits to mining cities 
+of the region (mainly Banská Bystrica and Banská Štiavnica), monuments, castles and folk ar-
+chitecture reservations. However, this was done without offering unique experiences engaging 
+with local people and culture, learning new skills, doing something unusual—without allowing 
+the tourist to build or co-create his or her own personal experience. As the number of visitors 
+of the Banska Bystrica region has been increasing since the foundation of the agency,61 it se-
+ems that the new, more targeted and rather innovative communication and marketing strategy 
+works, although it is too early to make any conclusions after less than three years.
+  
+Concluding remarks
+Cultural heritage has been one of the most important engines of tourism development in 
+Slovakia in recent decades. It is demonstrated in various tangible and intangible forms (such as 
+visits to historic cities, heritage sites, cathedrals, castles or monuments, known as built or tan-
+gible heritage; living cultural heritage that includes people, folklore, customs or foods, defined 
+as intangible heritage; and other forms—industrial heritage; nature-based heritage, personal 
+heritage or dark heritage). This paper’s objective was to provide a short overview of key trends 
+in the conceptual development of heritage and heritage tourism studies62 and to present a case 
+study from Central Slovakia as an example of the implementation of new tourism destination 
+marketing trends.
+Based on recent concepts of heritage and heritage tourism in scholarly literature, we can 
+see the shift from “monuments to people; from objects to functions, and consequently from 
+58 https://www.bystricoviny.sk/z-regionu/regionalne-pulty-v-kraji-funguju-aj-pocas-korokrizy-vratane-online-na-
+kupov; accessed on 23 May 2020.
+59 LOULANSKI, Revising the Concept..., pp. 220–221.
+60 TUNBRIDGE, John E., ASHWORD, Gregory J. Dissonant Heritage..., pp. 34–35.
+61 https://kocr.dobrykraj.sk/subory/dokumenty/Sprava-o-cinnosti-a-hospodareni-2018-2019.pdf; accessed on 6 
+February 2021.
+62 The paper did not aim at covering all contemporary concepts of heritage, mainly because heritage is a territory of 
+different disciplines and domains – cultural, social, economic and environmental.
+92
+A. Bitušíková: Cultural heritage as a means of heritage tourism development
+
+preservation to sustainable use and development”.63 The case study of the tourism strategy in 
+the Banská Bystrica Self-Governing Region (“The Good Region”) partly reflects these changes. 
+The regional tourism strategy and destination marketing have been built on: 
+1. the people—local bearers of heritage traditions and their personal stories (this is heritage 
+with a human face); 
+2. the functions—numerous tourism activities of the Good Region with social and eco-
+nomic objectives (heritage as a human construction cannot be identified without referring to 
+society and its meaning for societal purposes—this refers to the social and economic values of 
+heritage;  
+3. the sustainability and resilience of heritage as a resource value in several overlapping 
+areas—cultural, economic, social and political.64 This can be seen in the continuity of heritage 
+development in numerous local contexts, both in tangible and intangible heritage forms.
+Heritage is without any doubt the most powerful source of the tourism development in 
+Slovakia. The country is a place of numerous hidden cultural and natural tourism treasures with 
+a large potential to attract tourists from all over the world. The questions related to the tourism 
+developement are: who, why, where or to which extent. The Good Region Banská Bystrica 
+started to develop a new tourism vision and strategy built on the lesser-known and marginali-
+sed districts and destinations of the region with the objective not only to improve and increase 
+cultural and natural experiential tourism, but also to create new job opportunities for local pe-
+ople and even attract young people (sometimes called neorurals) to live in the countryside and 
+develop new activities that could contribute to innovative tourism developments. 
+In order to achieve these objectives, it is important to create and build new partnerships 
+and bridges between and across all stakeholders involved: state institutions, local and regional 
+municipalities, academia, non-governmental organisations, informal citizen groups and active 
+individuals—but primarily to build and empower local communities. The COVID-19 pande-
+mic revealed new global trends—one of them has been the trend towards de-globalisation. The 
+focus on local developments and stronger local communities based on better communication 
+and collaboration among various actors seems to show the trend for the future. This trend will 
+definitely also have an impact on tourism development. It is too early to make any predictions, 
+but will be exciting to examine further developments. 
+References
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+nals of Tourism Research, Vol. 40, No. 4, pp. 795–812. ISSN: 0160-7383.
+ASHWORTH, Gregory J. (2007). Heritage in Fragments: a Fragmented Instrument for Frag-
+mented Policies. In: MURZYN, Monika, A., PURCHLA, Jacek, eds.: Cultural Heritage in the 
+21st Century. Opportunities and Challenges. Krakow: International Cultural Centre, pp. 29–41. 
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+BESSIÈRE, Jacinthe (1998). Local Development and Heritage: Traditional Food and Cuisine 
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+63 LOULANSKI, Revising the Concept..., p. 212.
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+BUI, Huong T., LEE, Timothy J. (2015). Commodification and Politicization of Heritage: Im-
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+BURNS, Leah (2004). Anthropology and Tourism: Past Contributions and Future Theoretical 
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+DODDS, Rachel, BUTLER, Richard (2019). The Phenomena of Overtourism: a Review. In: 
+International Journal of Tourism Cities, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 519–528. ISSN: 2056-5607.  
+EPLER WOOD, Megan, MILSTEIN, Mark, AHAMED-BROADHURST, Kathleen (2019). 
+Destinations at Risk: The Invisible Burden of Tourism. Washington, DC: The Travel Foundation. 
+GŐSSLING, Stefan, PEETERS, Paul (2015). Assessing tourism’s global environmental impact 
+1900–2050. In: Journal of Sustainable Tourism, Vol. 23, No. 5, pp. 639–59. ISSN: 0966-9582.
+GRAHAM, Brian, ASHWORTH, Gregory J., TUNBRIDGE, John E. (2000). A Geography of 
+Heritage. Power, Culture and Economy. London: Routledge. ISBN-13: 978-0340677780.
+HARDY, Dennis. 1988. Historical Geography and Heritage Studies. In: Areas, Vol. 20, No. 4., 
+pp. 333–338. ISSN:1475-4762.
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+laborative local action: Case of Matra REGIMA within Zeytinburnu regeneration scheme. 
+In: Journal of Urban Planning and Development, Vol. 136, No. 2, pp. 169–175. ISSN: 07339488.
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+Correction: The Sacred Ibis debate: The first test of evolution
+
+[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2005558.].
+
+CORRECTION
+Correction: The Sacred Ibis debate: The first
+test of evolution
+The PLOS Biology Staff
+Notice of republication
+This article was republished on October 10, 2018, to correct a figure error that was introduced
+by PLOS staff during the typesetting process. Fig 3B contained an image that was not available
+for publication under the Creative Commons Attribution License (creativecommons.org/
+licenses/by/4.0/). Fig 3B has therefore been replaced with an image in the public domain. The
+caption remains the same.
+The publisher wishes to apologize to the authors and readers for this error. Please download
+this article again to view the correct version.
+Reference
+1.
+Curtis C, Millar CD, Lambert DM (2018) The Sacred Ibis debate: The first test of evolution. PLoS Biol
+16(9): e2005558. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2005558 PMID: 30260949
+PLOS Biology | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000052
+October 23, 2018
+1 / 1
+a1111111111
+a1111111111
+a1111111111
+a1111111111
+a1111111111
+OPEN ACCESS
+Citation: The PLOS Biology Staff (2018)
+Correction: The Sacred Ibis debate: The first test of
+evolution. PLoS Biol 16(10): e3000052. https://doi.
+org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000052
+Published: October 23, 2018
+Copyright: © 2018 The PLOS Biology Staff. This is
+an open access article distributed under the terms
+of the Creative Commons Attribution License,
+which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and
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+author and source are credited.
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+Place of Error Correction in English Language Teaching
+
+This review paper is intended to discuss the function, objective and aim of correction as a language strategy in English language learning.In reality, correction is termed as feedback by teachers.Feedback is useful where there is a lack of knowledge, especially the failure of students to use language correctly.Error correction is not an essay and it is should be practiced as instructed by the teacher in a language teaching setting.Error correction is a way to develop competence of language learners in a second or foreign language.It can be used in order to attain conscious knowledge of a second or foreign language, and in learning the language's rules.What is important is that errors in language speech and writing are viewed as having detrimental effects when acquiring a second or foreign language.
+
+     
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+Educational Process: International Journal 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ISSN: 2147-0901 | e-ISSN: 2564-8020 | www.edupij.com  
+ 
+ 
+Educational Process International Journal • Volume 7 • Issue 3 • 2018 
+ 
+ 
+Place of Error Correction in English Language Teaching 
+ 
+Ali Akbar Khansir and Farhad Pakdel 
+ 
+To cite this article: Khansir, A. A., & Pakdel, F. (2018). Place of Error Correction in English Language 
+Teaching. Educational Process: International Journal, 7(3), 189-199. 
+ 
+To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.22521/edupij.2018.73.3 
+ 
+ 
+Ali Akbar Khansir, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Iran. (e-mail: ahmad_2004_bu@yahoo.com)
+Farhad Pakdel, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran. (e-mail: ffpakdel@yahoo.com) 
+ 
+
+     
+EDUPIJ • Volume 7 • Issue 3 • 2018 • pp. 189–199. 
+ 
+Place of Error Correction in English Language Teaching 
+ 
+ALI AKBAR KHANSIR and FARHAD PAKDEL 
+ 
+Abstract 
+This review paper is intended to discuss the function, objective and aim of correction 
+as a language strategy in English language learning. In reality, correction is termed as 
+feedback by teachers. Feedback is useful where there is a lack of knowledge, especially 
+the failure of students to use language correctly. Error correction is not an essay and it 
+is should be practiced as instructed by the teacher in a language teaching setting. Error 
+correction is a way to develop competence of language learners in a second or foreign 
+language. It can be used in order to attain conscious knowledge of a second or foreign 
+language, and in learning the language’s rules. What is important is that errors in 
+language speech and writing are viewed as having detrimental effects when acquiring 
+a second or foreign language.  
+ 
+ 
+Keywords: errors, error correction, feedback, English language, foreign or second 
+language. 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+DOI: 10.22521/edupij.2018.73.3 
+………………………………………........….....………………………………...…………… 
+EDUPIJ • ISSN 2147-0901 • e-ISSN 2564-8020 
+Copyright © 2018 by ÜNİVERSİTEPARK  
+edupij.com   
+
+ALI AKBAR KHANSIR and FARHAD PAKDEL                                                                                      190 
+ 
+EDUPIJ • Volume 7 • Issue 3 • 2018 
+Introduction  
+Before discussing about error correction in English language teaching, let us discuss 
+errors. We discuss briefly a comprehensive picture of the state of the art of errors in 
+language teaching. Khansir (2012) mentioned that error analysis emerged as a reaction to 
+contrastive analysis theory which considered native language interference as the major 
+source of errors in second language learning. Corder (1967) proposed a hypothesis that 
+errors are evidence of learner’s strategies of acquiring the language rather than signs of 
+inhibition or interference of persistent old habits (Khansir, 2010). Corder (1973) argued that 
+studying student’s errors also has immediate practical applications for foreign language 
+teachers: Errors provide feedback; they tell the teachers something about the effectiveness 
+of his teaching materials and his teaching techniques, and show him what parts of the 
+syllabus he has been following have been inadequately learned or taught and need further 
+attention. They enable him to decide whether he must devote more time to the item he has 
+been working on. This is the day-to-day value of errors. But in terms of broader planning and 
+with a new group of learners they provide the information for designing a remedial syllabus 
+or a programme of re-teaching (Corder, 1973, p. 262, as cited in Hendrickson, 1981, p. 4). 
+According to the state of the art of errors in language teaching, Khansir (2010) added that it 
+is important for teachers to be aware of the basic position that errors, as a natural and 
+indispensable part of the learning process, should neither be tolerated nor corrected 
+excessively. Therefore, the main objective of L2 teaching is to develop the ability in the 
+learner to communicate in the target language. What is certain, however, is that errors are 
+an integral part of learning a second/foreign language, or is a natural part of the learner’s 
+gradual movement toward the development of communicative competence, and he/she 
+should be allowed to make certain types of errors which do not greatly affect their 
+communication. This paragraph indicates that errors are a part of learner’s language 
+development, a sign of the learner’s learning. What is important is that errors can be guided 
+in order to help the students, language teachers, syllabus designers in acquiring second 
+language acquisition. Pakdel and Khansir (2017) said that “error analysis is one of the major 
+important topics of Applied Linguistics can be used in order to promote and improve 
+language teaching strategies in ELT classroom” (p. 115). What is remarkable in error analysis 
+is that the teachers should be familiar with the difference between the first and the target 
+language (Khansir, Ahrami, & Hajivandi, 2013).  
+Contrastive approach is an approach to developing the issue of error correction in 
+language teaching. In the development of language teaching, particularly in the teaching and 
+learning of a second or foreign language, there are many theories. One such theory 
+supported by applied linguistics is contrastive analysis, which focusses on error correction 
+and is supported by behavioristic theory states that errors are a symptom of ineffective 
+teaching or as evidence of failure. Based on this theory, errors became like a sin; something 
+to be avoided. Over time, many great scholars believed that when teaching and learning a 
+target language, a systematic comparison should be made between the mother tongue of 
+the learner and the target language, and that the outcome would be quite helpful to both 
+teachers and learners. Thus, this idea brought about contrastive analysis in language 
+teaching. Farhady and Delshad (2007) argued that “contrastive analysis (CA) can be defined 
+as a systematic comparison and contrast between two languages in order to find the existing 
+similarities and differences between them” (p. 53). In addition, based on this approach, the 
+
+ALI AKBAR KHANSIR and FARHAD PAKDEL                                                                                      191 
+ 
+EDUPIJ • Volume 7 • Issue 3 • 2018 
+errors of a target language committed by the language learner are only due to the 
+interference of their mother tongue, otherwise known as interlingual errors. 
+In this paragraph, we briefly discuss error correction and feedback in language learning 
+and teaching. One of the reasons is that errors made in the target language is said to relate 
+to the competence of the language learner. Therefore, it is important for language teachers 
+to know why their students make errors in the target language in order that the language 
+teachers may attack errors at their root cause and address them before they are even made. 
+Bose (2005) mentioned that “the reasons for making errors in SL are generally the same for 
+all learners of English” (p. 66). He added that it would be easier to identify the errors and 
+remedy them if the mother tongue is the same, because one of the sources of errors in 
+English is the interference of the mother tongue. What is important in error correction is 
+that all these errors do not necessarily require the same remedial treatment, because some 
+of the learner’s errors may be due to carelessness or (i.e., mistakes), whilst others are more 
+serious and may be due to incompetence of the learner (i.e., errors). Ur (1996) argued that 
+“in the context of teaching in general, feedback is information that is given to the learner 
+about his or her performance of a learning task, usually with the objective of improving this 
+performance” (p. 242). Thus, feedback can be distinguishable components based on 
+assessment and correction. Ur (1996) added that in assessment, the learner is simply 
+informed as to how well or badly they have performed. However, in a correction 
+component, some specific information is provided on certain aspects of the learner’s 
+performance: through explanation, or provision of better or other alternatives, or through 
+elicitation of these from the learner. Johnson and Johnson (1999) argued that “error 
+correction is a form of feedback, and there is a wide literature on the general topic of 
+feedback” (p. 115). However, Long (1977) presented a distinction between feedback and 
+correction. According to his study, feedback should be used in the case of teachers’ attempts 
+to supply learners with information about the correctness of their productions, while 
+correction should be used based on the outcome of feedback. 
+Before leaving the introduction of this paper, a review of language acquisition and 
+learning is needed because this paper focuses on error correction and feedback in learning a 
+target language (English). According to Krashen (1987), there are two main ways to develop 
+linguistic knowledge; acquisition and learning. Acquisition is a subconscious process similar 
+to the way in which children develop their native language; whereas learning is a conscious 
+process of obtaining knowledge of a second language (Krashen, 1987). Ziahosseiny (2009) 
+added that in the learning process, error detection and correction are central, as is the case 
+in most classroom settings where formal rules provide the basis for language instruction. 
+Khansir (2014a) argued that “the process of language acquisition is the same as the process 
+of acquisition of the first language, whereas, learning is conscious process and it used in the 
+formal situations by teachers” (p. 141). He added that the fundamental distinction is 
+between learning and acquisition. Acquisition in this theory occurs not consciously, and it 
+does not occur in formal situations or through formal grammatical rules of language. 
+Error Correction 
+The issue of error correction in a target language has been discussed considerably over 
+recent years. In audio-lingualism, errors of language learners were considered as sins and 
+the language learners were not allowed to commit errors whilst learning. However, in error 
+approach, language research has shown that language learners’ errors are very useful as a 
+
+ALI AKBAR KHANSIR and FARHAD PAKDEL                                                                                      192 
+ 
+EDUPIJ • Volume 7 • Issue 3 • 2018 
+strategy for learning a language. The learners’ errors are recognized as an integral part of 
+learning a target language. In fact, this approach has rejected error correction completely. 
+This approach does not mean that errors should be left uncorrected, but that they should be 
+corrected tactfully. The best strategy to correct language learners’ errors is to let the 
+students correct their own errors with their teacher’s help. Another strategy is to let one of 
+the students in a classroom correct his/her errors; else, we request the classroom teacher to 
+correct students’ errors in a target language. What is very important is that if the aim of 
+error correction is to learn target language, or when it is necessary in teaching a second or a 
+foreign language, or when it impairs communication in the target language, then errors 
+should be corrected. Most language researchers believed that error correction can be used 
+as a form of feedback. Correction is viewed as feedback on errors. Murphy (1986) confirmed 
+correction as feedback and argued that correction is a form of feedback to learners with 
+regards to their use of the language. Essentially it is neutral and may describe success or 
+failure; because language in use exploits both form and function. It may be concerned with 
+accuracy or fluency. Giving correction, the teacher attempts to help and improve learning; 
+indeed, learners are reported to want correction and find it useful. Following Edge’s 
+discussion on error correction, he then found correction to be a reminder, informational, 
+and helpful through providing feedback and he discussed the function, objective and the aim 
+of correction in language learning and reported that “correction is a way of reminding 
+students of the forms of standard English. It should not be a kind of criticism or punishment” 
+(1989, p. 20). “Think of correction as a way of giving information, or feedback, to your 
+students, just when it will support their learning” (1989, p. 17). “Correction should not mean 
+insisting on everything being absolutely correct. Correction means helping students to 
+become more accurate in their use of language” (1989, p. 33). “Correctness means helping 
+people express themselves more accurately” (1989, p. 59). Mishra (2005) mentioned that 
+correction in traditional practice is essentially a post-production exercise by the teacher in 
+the school language situation, interim to the acts of production and re-writing or not re-
+writing. However, correction is not essay work, when learners’ errors require treatment; the 
+errors are considered by the teacher in order to correct them. Mishra (2005) dealt with 
+errors correction, especially in writing, as a complex work and as difficult a task as that of 
+writing itself – involving understanding, thinking, logical ordering, and factual structuring etc. 
+He added that correction in its process examines the writing and attempts at hinting at 
+effective ways of rehabilitating originally intended meaning of the pre-writing stage through 
+rewriting, or at directly rewriting the writing to make it more meaning-focused. Doff (1990), 
+in his study of error correction, noted that some aims of his study could help teachers 
+develop sensitivity in correcting errors, which are concerned with the following techniques: 
+ To make teachers more aware of the significance of learners’ errors. 
+ To help teachers develop positive strategies of error correction. 
+ To show teachers a range of techniques for correcting oral and written errors. 
+He added that the aims of this study would encourage the teachers to develop a positive 
+attitude towards their students’ errors and suggested ways of correcting errors that will 
+help, rather than hinder, the learning process. Mackey (1967) emphasized the importance of 
+error perception and correction. He pointed out various techniques for correcting errors in 
+his study as follows: 
+
+ALI AKBAR KHANSIR and FARHAD PAKDEL                                                                                      193 
+ 
+EDUPIJ • Volume 7 • Issue 3 • 2018 
+“Techniques of correcting are some of the most important of classroom techniques. The 
+teacher may first try to diagnose the cause of the error. The error may be due to a transfer 
+from the native language, an analogy with something correctly learnt in the foreign 
+language, a wild guess, vagueness in remembering the right form or general lack of accuracy 
+and language skill….In the correction of errors there are three possibilities for the learners; 
+he may hear his error and correct it; he may hear it and not correct it; and he may neither 
+hear it nor correct it. (1967, p. 369)” 
+As mentioned above, finally, Hormer (1988) reported suggestions regarding the 
+correction of language errors as follows:  
+ Correct the output of the students if it appears to have some effect. 
+ Do not correct overtly, if the learner cannot self-correct, try other members of the 
+class. 
+ Do not try to correct everything. Students are learning the language to be able to 
+communicate with the outside world. So the primary concern is with errors which 
+render communication difficult. 
+With regard to the error correction, Keshavarz is one of a number of language scholars 
+who suggested that an approach used in teaching composition related to error correction 
+was found to be effective, and that is to write the common errors on the board and explain 
+them to the class as a whole. Then, students were asked to examine their compositions and 
+try to discover their own errors. The discovery procedure was followed by classroom 
+exercises on the point(s) with which the students experienced problems (Keshavarz, 1994). 
+Based on the study of Khansir and Hozhabri (2014), “error correction can be used as an 
+effective method to promote EFL participants’ writing achievement in order to help the 
+participants become active and independent students in their performances in writing EFL 
+classroom” (p. 196). It is important to understand is that error correction is considered to be 
+one of the important techniques of error approach, which is also considered as one of the 
+most important aspects of applied linguistics with considerable influence over learning and 
+teaching in the English language. 
+Related Terms of Error Correction  
+For correction of language learner’s errors different terms such as Repair, 
+Reconstruction and Reformulation are needed. In dealing with the question of repair of 
+errors, Richards, Platt, and Platt (1992) mentioned that it was “a term for ways in which 
+errors, unintended forms, or misunderstandings are corrected by speakers or others during 
+conversation” (p. 314). Johnson and Johnson (1999) added that “repair may focus on either 
+meaning or form, and operate at any level: phoneme, morpheme, word, phrase, clause, 
+sentence, or discourse” (p. 274). “Although techniques of repair are language –specific and 
+an important part of strategic competence, they have received little attention in language 
+teaching” (p. xx). Mishra (2005) argued that repair is a broader term that includes correction 
+which refers only to the removal of errors. However, repair is known as the replacement of 
+errors in language that is made by the speaker of a language. There are two types of repairs: 
+a self-repair (correction of the speaker’s own utterances); and other repair (correction of the 
+interlocutor). The second related term of error correction is Reconstruction. Johnson (1988) 
+argued that,  
+
+ALI AKBAR KHANSIR and FARHAD PAKDEL                                                                                      194 
+ 
+EDUPIJ • Volume 7 • Issue 3 • 2018 
+“In reconstruction, errors and mistakes are simply corrected. The results will be 
+sentences free from gross malformations, but ones which may not remotely resemble 
+sentences a native speaker would produce to express the same content because 
+reconstruction focuses on errors and mistakes, it may well provide the learner with 
+information on where he or she went wrong. (Johnson, 1988, p. 92, as cited in Mishra, 
+2005). The last part of this category is Reformulation. Based on Johnson study, 
+“reformulation provides a model of what the behavior should look like; and though its 
+clearest use is for writing. There is no reason why spoken language should not be 
+reformulated” (Johnson, 1988, p. 92).” 
+Error and Mistakes  
+There has been a great deal of discussion in language teaching over errors and related 
+terms of errors among language scholars in recent years. However, every learner makes 
+mistakes, even when speaking his mother tongue. Khansir (2010) mentioned that for a 
+foreign language learner who knows his target language quite well, when he makes 
+mistakes, he has the ability to recognize and to correct them, but sometimes he does not 
+recognize his mistakes. Mistakes are quite different from errors. Error is defined as a lack of 
+a leaner’s knowledge of the language which he uses. Corder (1967), Duskova (1969), and 
+Richards (1971) suggested a distinction between errors at the level of performance from 
+errors at the level of competence. They mentioned that mistakes are errors of performance 
+and unsystematic. They are potentially correctible by their author or speaker. Whereas, 
+errors of competence are errors which reveal the underlying knowledge of the language and 
+they are systematic and part of the transitional competence of the learner. Corder (1973) 
+distinguished between “lapses,” “mistakes” and “errors.” According to him, errors are 
+divided into two categories: first is the performance category which is comprised of “lapses” 
+and mistakes; and the second is the competence category which is comprised of “errors.” 
+Slips of the tongue, false starts, confusion of structures etc., are termed “lapses.” In addition 
+to the fact that errors differ from lapses and mistakes in that they are breaches of the code, 
+that is, they offend the grammatical rules of the language and result in “ungrammatical” and 
+“unacceptable” utterances; errors occur because the learner has not internalized the 
+grammar of the second language in the way that it is required. 
+Review of Error Correction 
+Let us begin this part of this paper by briefly clarifying the fundamental questions about 
+error correction and then review the literature that addresses them. A question arises as to 
+why should foreign language learner’s errors be corrected? However, we recognize that 
+error correction is one of the basic strategies in learning and teaching a foreign or second 
+language in the classroom. Mishra (2005) mentioned that in his study, he found that 100% of 
+the teachers answered positively about the essentialness of correction. He added that the 
+problem is that teachers do not know effective methods of correction. Krashen (1987) 
+argued that based on the theory of second language acquisition, it effects learned 
+competence by informing the learner that his or her current version of a conscious rule is 
+wrong. Thus, second language acquisition theory implies that when the goal is learning, 
+errors should indeed be corrected (but not all times, and not all rules, even if the goal is 
+learning). Based on the idea of Hendrickson (1978) in the area of error correction, it was 
+argued that students may not on their own be able to correct their own errors, and that 
+correction should come as a teaching aid. Thus, in 1986, Sheorey was one of the research 
+
+ALI AKBAR KHANSIR and FARHAD PAKDEL                                                                                      195 
+ 
+EDUPIJ • Volume 7 • Issue 3 • 2018 
+scholars who worked on the perception of errors of native speakers and non-native speakers 
+of the English language among teachers of ESL, and mentioned that error correction in ESL 
+cases can be liberally applied in order to benefit students. Richards (1974) said that error 
+correction in English second language contexts should be based on a liberal approach. What 
+is important is that in learning a target language, the role of students should not be ignored 
+in error correction and opportunity given to teachers to make decisions and to use the error 
+correction liberally. 
+One of the common strategies in error correction of a target language can be the role of 
+the teacher or student. The role of the teacher in error correction is a traditional approach 
+and stretches back to the time of the audiolingual approach. At that time, teachers were 
+responsible for correcting all errors of their students, and then the result of this theory bore 
+a new approach in applied linguistics called contrastive approach. It assumed that the 
+mother tongue interference from a students’ first language was the cause of errors in their 
+target language. Hendrickson (1981) argued that it was believed that if a teacher had a 
+systematic knowledge of the differences between the two languages, he could begin 
+developing appropriate instructional techniques and materials that would help students 
+avoid producing errors. Based the role of the teacher in error correction, Allwright (1975) 
+mentioned that teacher correction could be effective on the grounds of illogicality, 
+inconsistency and unproductiveness. Corder, in 1973 and as the father of error analysis, 
+argued that the role of teachers in error correction should provide data and examples, and 
+where necessary to offer explanations and descriptions and more importantly, verification of 
+the teacher’s hypothesis about the target language.  
+We now turn to the student and his role in error correction. Ellis (1991) argued that “the 
+teacher has a traditional right to provide learners with feedback regarding the correctness or 
+appropriateness of their responses” (p. 70). The role of student as the second angle of 
+language error correction is often very important. In the language classroom, what is very 
+important is that the teacher should give opportunity to learners to correct their own errors. 
+Khansir (2014b) argued that it is important that English teachers give more opportunities to 
+learners in the classroom in order to practice their lessons and that the teacher tries to push 
+students in the right direction several times so as to focus on their activities. Mishra (2005) 
+said that sharing the learning experience with students is advocated by modern educational 
+psychology. He added that this sharing can help the students through twofold purposes. 
+Firstly, this helps to test the level of language knowledge of the students; and secondly, it 
+makes some exchange and communication between the teacher and the students possible. 
+Thus, correction in this sharing implies that students’ themselves take on the job of their 
+error correction. Sharing pushes the students toward peer correction, and group correction 
+can be used as steps leading to students’ self-correction. This means that we can reach the 
+highest purpose of all correction efforts and it may be the case that the students may 
+directly improve and promote their language acquisition. In this case, the role of teacher can 
+be as guide and he forms a group of language learners and the group is assigned to correct 
+the errors selected. Edge (1989) suggested the four items based on peer-correction which 
+can be of advantage to learners as follows: 
+ Peer correction helps in thinking about the language when two learners are actively 
+engaged in deciding which is the best form of language. Listening to others’ ideas 
+helps in testing one’s own knowledge. 
+
+ALI AKBAR KHANSIR and FARHAD PAKDEL                                                                                      196 
+ 
+EDUPIJ • Volume 7 • Issue 3 • 2018 
+ When the teacher engages learners in correcting each other’s mistakes, he gets a 
+good opportunity to listen to the discussion and ascertain how far learners have 
+internalized the grammatical rules. 
+ Error correction helps learners to be less dependent on their teachers and rely more 
+on their colleagues.  
+ The habit of doing every little thing in the class in pairs and groups without hurting 
+each other’s feeling convinces them that they can learn from each other.  
+However, we conclude that correction as one of language learning strategies depends 
+on time, practice, interest, involvement of both teacher and learner in learning a target 
+language. Error correction has its total success when the language learners making the 
+errors are able to correct them alone (self-correction). Another item in this discussion is 
+when learner errors should be corrected. In this discussion, we have still to focus on the 
+teacher as one of the angles of language learning strategies in ELT setting. If a teacher is able 
+to discover causes of a student’s error in the four language skills (writing, speaking, reading, 
+listening), he can push the student towards error correction, plans for language learning 
+through error correction strategies and shows the causes of those errors to the student. 
+Now, we follow the issue of error correction in this field based the suggestion of Krashen 
+(1987), who mentioned that, 
+“The implications of second language acquisition theory are similar. If error correction 
+aims at learning, it is logical to suppose that the conditions for error correction should be 
+identical to the conditions for utilizing learning –we should focus our students on form, and 
+correct their errors, only when they have time and when such diversion of attention does 
+not interfere with communication. (1987, p. 117)” 
+However, error correction should be applied in order to help the language learner know 
+how much they have learned, as well as how much remains to be learned. Hendrickson 
+(1981) mentioned that based on the empirical evidence, and when to correct second 
+language errors, teachers are argued to tolerate a greater degree of errors in their students’ 
+speech and writing. Another item is very necessary in this paper is that which learner errors 
+should be corrected, and which should not? One of the important aims of error correction is 
+to interpret the results of the method of language teaching employed, and to tell us the 
+kinds of errors committed by the students. Evidence shows that a greater number of errors 
+occur in ELT classrooms; however, error correction is needed as part of a more effective 
+language teaching strategy, along with a good technique by teachers in the ELT classroom. A 
+language teacher should focus on the frequency of errors committed by students in learning 
+the English language. Johasson, in his 1973 study, argued that errors involving general 
+grammatical rules are more deserving of attention than errors involving lexical exceptions. 
+Hendrickson (1981) suggested that errors that impair communication significantly are those 
+that have highly stigmatic effects on the listener or reader, and that occur very frequently in 
+sentences’ speech or writing. Based on the hypotheses of Hendrickson in the field of error 
+correction, Krashen (1987) mentioned the following hypotheses: 
+ Global errors should be corrected, because they interfere with communication or 
+impede the intelligibility of a language. This type of error deserves top priority in 
+correction. 
+
+ALI AKBAR KHANSIR and FARHAD PAKDEL                                                                                      197 
+ 
+EDUPIJ • Volume 7 • Issue 3 • 2018 
+ Errors that are the most stigmatized, that cause the most unfavorable reactions; they 
+are the most important to correct.  
+ Errors that occur most frequently should be given top priority.  
+In this paragraph, we discuss another item related to error correction, and that is how 
+should errors be corrected? One of the learning strategies related to error correction is 
+where the teacher corrects all learners’ errors in the ELT classroom. Many great scholars 
+have considered the issue of error correction in language learners, such as Cohen and 
+Robbins (1976) who argued that students’ who had error correction applied in their 
+compositions showed no significant effect on error reduction, and that it was an issue 
+whereby the teachers had corrected the compositions inconsistently. Therefore, they 
+mentioned that a systematic approach to error correction would be more effective than 
+random corrective actions. Krashen (1987) argued that the following items could be positive 
+in error correction: 
+ Errors corrected are limited to learnable and portable rules. 
+ Errors are corrected under conditions that allow Monitor use. This will give the 
+learner time to reconsider the rule that was violated. 
+ Measures evaluating the efficacy of error correction are administered under 
+conditions that allow Monitor use, to allow the learners time to refer to his or her 
+conscious knowledge. 
+ Subjects used as known to be Monitor –users (i.e. they are not under-users of the 
+Monitor). (p. 119)  
+Wingfield (1975) said that the following five techniques are necessary for correcting 
+learners written errors, 
+ The teacher gives sufficient clues to enable self-correction to be made; 
+ The teacher corrects the script; 
+ The teacher deals with errors through marginal comments and footnotes; 
+ The teacher explains orally to individual students; 
+ The teacher uses the error as an illustration for a class explanation. (p. 311) 
+What is very important to understand is that procedures of error correction include 
+both teacher correction and student correction. Sometimes, error correction has been 
+applied based on direct correction, Krashen (1987) mentioned that “some research shows 
+that direct correction is not particularly effective; students who have had direct correction of 
+their oral and written output in instructional programs did not produce fewer errors” 
+(p. 118). Sometimes, error correction has been done based on inductive approach. Khansir 
+and Pakdel (2016) said that “inductive approach to the teaching grammar is used based on 
+this technique: grammar rules are not presented to the learners first. Language rules are 
+induced from carefully graded exposure to and practice with examples in situations and 
+substitution tables” (p. 145).  
+Conclusion 
+The discussion of the error correction of English language errors is still alive and plays a 
+vital role in English language learning in the EFL classroom for foreign and second language 
+settings. In conclusion, this paper has shown that error correction of foreign or second 
+
+ALI AKBAR KHANSIR and FARHAD PAKDEL                                                                                      198 
+ 
+EDUPIJ • Volume 7 • Issue 3 • 2018 
+language learners depends on both teachers and students. Thus, we conclude that teachers 
+can be helpful to students as a guide in improving the ability of the students to correct 
+written or spoken English errors in the ELT classroom. Hendrickson (1981) concluded that,  
+“It may be more helpful for students and more efficient for teachers to correct selective 
+written errors by using a combination of direct and indirect techniques depending upon the 
+types and frequencies of errors that a student produces, and according to his or her 
+language proficiency. (p. 37)” 
+In an investigation dealing with the error treatment, Chaudron (1977) differentiated 
+between types of treatment: a) Treatment that results in the learners’ autonomous ability to 
+correct herself on an item; b) Treatment that results in the elicitation of a correct response 
+from the learner; c) Any reaction by the teacher that clearly transforms disapprovingly refers 
+to or demands improvement; and, d) Positive or negative reinforcement involving 
+expressions of approval or disapproval (Ellis, 1991, p. 71). 
+Notes 
+Corresponding author: ALI AKBAR KHANSIR 
+References 
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+Chaudron, C. (1977). A descriptive model of discourse in the corrective treatment of 
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+Corder, S. P. (1967). The Significance of Learner’s Errors. 1RAL, 5(4), 161-170. 
+Corder, S. P. (1973). Introducing Applied Linguistics. Harmonds Worth: Penguin. 
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+Duskova, L. (1969). On Sources of errors in foreign language learning. IRAL, 7(1), 11- 36. 
+Edge, J. (1989). Mistakes and Correction. London: Longman. 
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+Hendrickson, J. (1978). Error Correction in Foreign Language Teaching: Race Theory and 
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+ALI AKBAR KHANSIR and FARHAD PAKDEL                                                                                      199 
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diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/86ebf6bbc8a9bb3d.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/86ebf6bbc8a9bb3d.txt
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+A brief historicity of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: Issues and implications for the future of psychiatric canon and practice
+
+The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) of the American Psychiatric Association, currently in its fourth edition and considered the reference for the characterization and diagnosis of mental disorders, has undergone various developments since its inception in the mid-twentieth century. With the fifth edition of the DSM presently in field trials for release in 2013, there is renewed discussion and debate over the extent of its relative successes - and shortcomings - at iteratively incorporating scientific evidence on the often ambiguous nature and etiology of mental illness. Given the power that the DSM has exerted both within psychiatry and society at large, this essay seeks to analyze variations in content and context of various editions of the DSM, address contributory influences and repercussion of such variations on the evolving landscape of psychiatry as discipline and practice over the past sixty years. Specifically, we document major modifications in the definition, characterization, and classification of mental disorders throughout successive editions of the DSM, in light of shifting trends in the conceptualization of psychopathology within evolving schools of thought in psychiatry, and in the context of progress in behavioral and psychopharmacological therapeutics over time. We touch upon the social, political, and financial environments in which these changes took places, address the significance of these changes with respect to the legitimacy (and legitimization) of what constitutes mental illness and health, and examine the impact and implications of these changes on psychiatric practice, research, and teaching. We argue that problematic issues in psychiatry, arguably reflecting the large-scale adoption of the DSM, may be linked to difficulties in formulating a standardized nosology of psychopathology. In this light, we highlight 1) issues relating to attempts to align the DSM with the medical model, with regard to increasing specificity in the characterization of discrete mental disease entities and the incorporation of neurogenetic, neurochemical and neuroimaging data in its nosological framework; 2) controversies surrounding the medicalization of cognition, emotion, and behavior, and the interpretation of subjective variables as 'normal' or 'abnormal' in the context of society and culture; and 3) what constitutes treatment, enablement, or enhancement - and what metrics, guidelines, and policies may need to be established to clarify such criteria.
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+Corrigendum: Differential Difficulties in Perception of Tashlhiyt Berber Consonant Quantity Contrasts by Native Tashlhiyt Listeners vs. Berber-Naïve French Listeners
+
+A corrigendum on Differential difficulties in perception of Tashlhiyt Berber consonant quantity contrasts by native Tashlhiyt listeners versus Berber-naïve French listeners by Pierre Hallé, Rachid Ridouane, and Catherine Best, 2016, Frontier in Psychology, 7:209, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00209.One sentence went wrong in the last paragraph of the Introduction section: “The acoustic substance … varied from silence (word-final voiceless stops: e.g., fit-fitt), to low-intensity voicing murmur (word-initial voiced stops: e.g., bi-bbi), with strident frication (word-initial fricatives: e.g., sir-ssir) in between.” The sentence should be: “The acoustic substance … varied from silence (word-final voiceless stops: e.g., fit-fitt), to strident frication (word-initial fricatives: e.g., sir-ssir), with low-intensity voicing murmur (word-initial voiced stops: e.g., bi-bbi), in between.” Indeed, our initial hypothesis is that French listeners’ performance on singleton-geminate contrasts follows the critical segments’ acoustic intensity. Thus, under this hypothesis, the prediction that “French listeners should encounter the greatest difficulty with voiceless stops (silence) and the least difficulty with voiceless fricatives (strident frication)” only makes sense if the ordering of the three types of segments is explained as corrected. This correction of course does not affect the scientific validity of the results
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+The art of being mentally healthy: a study to quantify the relationship between recreational arts engagement and mental well-being in the general population
+
+BACKGROUND: Little is known about the dose-response relationship between recreational arts engagement (for enjoyment, entertainment or as a hobby, rather than therapy) and mental well-being in the general population. The quantification of this relationship is of value to: (1) health professionals, clinicians and researchers interested in utilising the arts as a method for improving mental health; (2) to health promoters and policy makers in the development of population based health messages, policy and practice; and (3) to members of the general public in maintaining or improving their own well-being. As guided by theories of social epidemiology and the biopsychosocial model of health, the first aim of this study was to determine if there was a relationship between arts engagement (hours per year) and mental well-being in the general population. If an association was demonstrated, the second aim was to quantify this relationship. METHODS: A random sample of 702 Western Australian adults aged 18+ years (response rate = 71%) were invited to take part in a telephone survey. The survey took 15 min to complete and included questions about arts engagement, mental well-being, demographics and potential confounders/effect modifiers. The dependent variable was subjective mental well-being (Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale, WEMWBS). The independent variable was hours engaged in the arts in the last 12 months. RESULTS: Respondent engagement in the arts ranged from zero to 1572 hours/year (mean = 100.8 hours/year, SD = 206.0). The prevalence of engagement was 83 %. The average WEMWBS score was 53 (SD = 7.4). After adjustment for demographics (i.e. sex, age group, location, income, education, marital status, children), general health, sports engagement, religious activities and holidays, respondents with high levels of arts engagement (100 or more hours/year, WEMWBS score = 55) had significantly better mental well-being than those with none (0 hours/year, WEMWBS score = 53), low (0.1-22.9 hours/year, WEMWBS score = 52) and medium (23-99.9 hours/year, WEMWBS score = 53) levels of engagement (p = 0.003). Respondents with none, low and medium arts engagement had similar WEMWBS scores (p = 0.358). The relationship between arts engagement and WEMWBS was nonlinear with evidence of a minimum threshold at 100 or more hours/year (p = 0.0006). CONCLUSION: Evidence of an arts-mental health relationship was found in this study. Those who engaged in 100 or more hours/year of arts engagement (i.e. two or more hours/week) reported significantly better mental well-being than other levels of engagement. The suitability of the arts as a population based strategy to influence the mental well-being of the general population should be investigated further.
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+Wanneer een twee word: ’n Perspektief op resente gebeure in die Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika
+
+When one becomes two: A perspective on recent events in the Netherdutch Reformed Church of Africa. On 28 July 2013 13 congregations of the Netherdutch Reformed Church of Africa (Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika) declared themselves independent and constituted as the ‘Geloofsbond van Hervormde Gemeentes’. This contribution examines the recent historical background to this event as well as several contributing factors such as the role of the media, the role of organisations, differences in theology as well as ideological differences. The conclusion is reached that a tension-filled discourse between confessional and critical theology, linked to clear ideological views, were the main contributing factors to divisions in the church. The contribution concludes with a discussion of some implications of these events from the perspective of church polity.
+
+Original Research
+Original Research
+http://www.hts.org.za
+doi:10.4102/hts.v70i1.2054
+Author:
+Wim A. Dreyer1
+Affiliation:
+1Department Church History 
+and Church Polity, University 
+of Pretoria, South Africa
+Note:
+This article was initially 
+delivered as a paper on 07 
+August 2013 as requested 
+by the Reformed Theological 
+College, University of 
+Pretoria, South Africa.
+Correspondence to:
+Wim Dreyer
+Email:
+wim.dreyer@up.ac.za
+Postal address:
+17 Elephant Road, 
+Monument Park 0181, 
+Pretoria, South Africa
+Dates:
+Received: 27 Aug. 2013
+Accepted: 04 Jan. 2014
+Published: 28 May 2014
+How to cite this article:
+Dreyer, W.A., 2014, 
+‘Wanneer een twee word: 
+’n Perspektief op resente 
+gebeure in die Nederduitsch 
+Hervormde Kerk van Afrika’, 
+HTS Teologiese Studies/
+Theological Studies 70(1), 
+Art. #2054, 16 pages. http://
+dx.doi.org/10.4102/hts.
+v70i1.2054
+Copyright:
+© 2014. The Authors.
+Licensee: AOSIS 
+OpenJournals. This work
+is licensed under the
+Creative Commons
+Attribution License.
+Wanneer een twee word: ’n Perspektief op resente 
+gebeure in die Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika
+When one becomes two: A perspective on recent events in the Netherdutch Reformed 
+Church of Africa. On 28 July 2013 13 congregations of the Netherdutch Reformed Church 
+of Africa (Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika) declared themselves independent and 
+constituted as the ‘Geloofsbond van Hervormde Gemeentes’. This contribution examines the recent 
+historical background to this event as well as several contributing factors such as the role of 
+the media, the role of organisations, differences in theology as well as ideological differences. 
+The conclusion is reached that a tension-filled discourse between confessional and critical 
+theology, linked to clear ideological views, were the main contributing factors to divisions in 
+the church. The contribution concludes with a discussion of some implications of these events 
+from the perspective of church polity.
+Inleidende opmerkings
+Die Hervormde Teologiese Kollege het my gevra om tydens hierdie openbare lesing aandag te 
+gee aan die resente geskiedenis van die Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika (hierna: Hervormde 
+Kerk). Dié versoek hou verband met die stigting van ’n organisasie met die naam steedsHervormers 
+in 2012 en die Bond van Onafhanklike Hervormde Kerke op 26 Januarie 2013 te Gemeente Meyerspark, 
+wat op 28 Julie 2013 formeel gekonstitueer het as die Geloofsbond van Hervormde Gemeentes. Met 
+hierdie gebeure het kerkskeuring vir die Hervormde Kerk ’n werklikheid geword. 
+’n Weergawe van die gebeure op 26 Januarie 2013 is op die webblad van die steedsHervormers 
+geplaas (steedsHervormers 2013). In die verklaring van die Geloofsbond staan onder andere: 
+Die Onafhanklike/Selfstandige gemeentes teenwoordig, het ’n Bond van onafhanklike gemeentes gestig 
+met ‘n ope uitnodiging aan ander Onafhanklike/Selfstandige gemeentes om aan te sluit. Die besluit is 
+eenparig geneem. Die Bond van Onafhanklike Hervormde kerke sal tydens hul eerste vergadering besluit 
+oor teologiese opleiding, ’n naam, embleem en ander sake. Daar is reeds konsensus oor teologiese sake. 
+Om ’n geskiedenis van resente gebeure te skryf is om verskeie redes besonder moeilik. ’n 
+Soortgelyke poging is ’n artikel wat in 2011 in Historia verskyn het, wat die resente geskiedenis 
+van die Nederduitse Gereformeerde (NG) Kerk ten opsigte van die kerk se besluite oor apartheid 
+en die afskeiding van die Afrikaanse Protestantse Kerk beskryf (vgl. Van der Merwe & Oelofse 
+2011; kyk ook Van Butselaar 2001:150–168). Die skrywers van die artikel het die voordeel van 
+groter afstand (1982 – dus 30 jaar) en kan groter aanspraak maak op objektiwiteit. In hierdie 
+bydrae, waar dit om werklik resente gebeure gaan, is dit moeiliker om objektief oor bepaalde 
+gebeure te oordeel.
+Dit is opvallend dat terminologie wat 30 jaar gelede in die NG Kerk gebruik is, bykans identies 
+is aan dit wat die afgelope tyd in die Hervormde Kerk gehoor word. In die volgende aanhaling 
+word terminologie beklemtoon wat identies in beide gevalle benut word: 
+Die Voortsettingskomitee het uiteindelik ’n Beswaarskrif die lig laat sien, getiteld Geloof en Protes – ’n 
+antwoord namens beswaarde lidmate op sekere aspekte van Kerk en Samelewing. … Daar word gekies 
+om ’n nuwe kerk te help stig, ’n kerk wat staan by die Bybel as God se onfeilbare Woord, ’n kerk wat ook 
+staan by die Belydenisskrifte as betroubare samevatting van die waarhede van die Bybel. … Die NG Kerk is 
+ook onder druk geplaas deur ’n ander groep in eie geledere, naamlik die NG Geloofsbond wat deur die 
+teoloog en voormalige voorsitter van die Afrikaner Broederbond (AB), prof. Carel Boshoff, gelei is. Die 
+NG Geloofsbond was ’n drukgroep binne die NGK wat gepoog het om die besluite wat tydens die AS van 
+1986 geneem is, te herroep. (Van der Merwe & Oelofse 2010: 10, [outeur se beklemtoning])
+Die kerklike afskeiding in die Hervormde geledere het ’n lang aanloop gehad. Uiteraard is dit 
+onmoontlik om dit volledig te behandel en kan slegs ’n gereduseerde beeld aangebied word, met 
+die moontlike beskuldiging dat dit nie ‘die waarheid’ is nie. Paul Ricoeur (2004) het daarop gewys 
+dat daar ’n spanningsvolle en komplekse verhouding bestaan tussen dit wat ons individueel en 
+kollektief onthou; dat hierdie herinneringe vir geskiedskrywing uiters belangrik is maar dat 
+Page 1 of 16
+Scan this QR 
+code with your 
+smart phone or 
+mobile device 
+to read online.
+Read online:
+
+Original Research
+Original Research
+http://www.hts.org.za
+doi:10.4102/hts.v70i1.2054
+dit tegelykertyd net voorlopig kan wees. Elke verhaal wat 
+ons vertel, kan altyd weer op ’n ander manier vertel en 
+gekorrigeer word. Daarom is enige beskrywing van onlangse 
+gebeure per definisie voorlopige indrukke wat in die toekoms 
+gekorrigeer móét word. Dit geld ook ten opsigte van hierdie 
+bydrae.
+In geskiedskrywing gaan dit om meer as ‘die waarheid’, 
+veral as ‘die waarheid’ verstaan word as ’n absolute 
+korrelasie tussen gebeure en die beskrywing daarvan, of 
+as ’n objektiewe en foutlose beskrywing van die verlede. 
+Geskiedskrywing gaan in die eerste plek om singewing 
+(Dreyer 1974:215–239). Wanneer ons singewend met die 
+verlede besig is, vra ons nie nét wat gebeur nie, maar ons vra 
+óók: waarom gebeur dit? Hierdie bydrae moet gesien word as 
+’n poging om sin te maak van gebeure wat ’n traumatiese 
+effek op die Hervormde Kerk gehad het.
+Vanuit die geledere van die Geloofsbond is die antwoord 
+op die waarom vraag ongekompliseerd en daarom vir baie 
+lidmate aantreklik: Die Hervormde Kerk duld liturgiese 
+vernuwing; 
+die 
+Hervormde 
+Kerk 
+duld 
+leervryheid 
+by predikante en dosente; die gesag van die Skrif en 
+Belydenisskrifte word bevraagteken; die Kommissie van 
+die Algemene Kerkvergadering (AKV) pas nie leertug toe 
+nie en die AKV se besluite oor apartheid veroordeel ons 
+voorgeslagte tot ketters en trek daarmee ’n streep deur die 
+gedagte van ’n volkskerk. In kort: Die Hervormde Kerk het 
+die pad byster geraak en daarom is ’n skeiding van weë 
+onafwendbaar. 
+Uiteraard is daar ook ander antwoorde en perspektiewe. Die 
+gebeure van die afgelope tyd vertoon ’n uiters komplekse 
+beeld. In ’n poging om daarvan sin te probeer maak, word 
+eers ’n lengtesnit aangebied en dan, aan die hand van ’n paar 
+temas, word die volgende dieptesnitte gemaak:
+• 
+Die rol van die media
+• 
+Die rol van organisasies
+• 
+Uiteenlopende teologiese denke 
+• 
+Ideologiese verskille
+• 
+Enkele kerkregtelike opmerkings. 
+Aanleidende gebeure (lengtesnit)
+Reeds 60 jaar gelede, met die aanvaarding van die 1951 
+Kerkwet wat bepaal het dat slegs blankes lidmaat van 
+die Hervormde Kerk mag wees, was dit duidelik dat 
+daar verskillende denkrigtings in die Hervormde Kerk 
+teenwoordig was. Predikante soos A.S. Geyser, A. van Selms, 
+C.J. Labuschagne, J.A.A.A. Stoop en M.J. Redelinghuys het 
+hulle teen die rasklousule in Artikel III uitgespreek. Die 
+saak is op die spits gedryf na die Cottesloe beraad van 1960, 
+waartydens Geyser en Van Selms ’n minderheidsrapport 
+aangebied het wat apartheid ten sterkste veroordeel het. 
+Beide Geyser en Van Selms was internasionaal bekend as 
+bekwame Bybelwetenskaplikes. Geyser is in 1946, op 27-jarige 
+ouderdom, as professor aan die Universiteit van Pretoria 
+aangestel. Sy nagraadse studies in Aramees, Siries, Grieks, 
+Latyn en Frans het aan hom besondere teksvaardighede 
+gegee. In 1949 het hy in Parys aan die Sorbonne navorsing 
+gedoen en gedoseer oor die ‘Kerk in die Nuwe Testament’. 
+In dieselfde jaar is hy deur die pous genooi om deel te neem 
+aan opgrawings onder die Petruskerk in Rome. In 1952 
+word hy buitengewone dosent in Nuwe Testament aan die 
+Universiteit Utrecht. 
+Tydens hierdie besoek aan Europa kom hy onder die invloed 
+van leidingewende teoloë in die ekumeniese beweging. Na sy 
+terugkeer uit Europa het Geyser toenemend krities gestaan 
+teenoor die teologiese begronding van apartheid en het hy 
+betrokke geraak by organisasies wat hulle beywer het vir 
+die beëindiging van apartheid. In hierdie tyd het proff. A.S. 
+Geyser en A.D. Pont in geskrifte, kerklike en openbare media 
+asook vergaderings besonder skerp van mekaar verskil. Dit 
+het gelei tot ’n lastersaak waar die hof aan Pont opdrag gegee 
+het om aan Geyser skadevergoeding te betaal.
+In 1961 is ’n klag deur drie studente (o.a. H.G. van der 
+Westhuizen) teen Geyser ingedien, wat daarop neergekom 
+het dat hy ’n afwykende Christologie huldig, op grond van 
+sy eksegese van Filippense 2. In Mei 1962 is hy deur die 
+Kommissie van die AKV skuldig bevind aan dwaalleer en is 
+hy versoek om sy leerstoel te ontruim. Nadat hy ’n aanstelling 
+aan die Universiteit van die Witwatersrand ontvang het, 
+het hy op 31 Julie 1962 sy bedanking as predikant van die 
+Hervormde Kerk aangekondig. Hy is onmiddellik deur Van 
+Selms gevolg.
+Verskil van mening oor apartheid – Artikel III – volkskerk en 
+teologiese opleiding het die afgelope 50 jaar op elke Algemene 
+Kerkvergadering na vore gekom. In dokumente is gereeld 
+geïnsinueer dat die sogenaamde ‘Bybelwetenskaplikes’ ’n 
+afwykende Christologie huldig. So onlangs as 30 April 2013 
+skryf A.D. Pont (2013a) op Facebook dat die maagdelike 
+geboorte van Jesus ’n ontwyfelbare historiese feit is en vra 
+dan: ‘Waarom put geleerde Bybelwetenskaplikes hulleself so 
+uit om te bewys dat God se beloftes nie waar kan wees nie?’
+Ek is van mening dat die diskoers van die afgelope 50 jaar 
+getipeer kan word as ’n spanningsvolle gesprek tussen 
+konfessionele en kritiese teologie. Onderliggend aan die 
+diskoers, was ook die vraag: Wat is Hervormde teologie? Die 
+term ‘Bybels-reformatoriese teologie’ het as sambreelterm 
+daarin geslaag om verskillende teologiese strominge in die 
+Hervormde Kerk tydelik bymekaar te hou. Die gebeure 
+sedert die 69e AKV het die uiteenlopende denke in die 
+Hervormde Kerk weer na vore gebring en aangetoon dat 
+’n term soos ‘Bybels-reformatories’ nie sondermeer daarin 
+slaag om konsensus te bewerkstellig nie.
+Die ruimte ontbreek om hierdie tema volledig te ontgin. Ek 
+gaan dus volstaan deur meer onlangse gebeure kortliks te 
+bespreek.
+Page 2 of 16
+
+Original Research
+Original Research
+http://www.hts.org.za
+doi:10.4102/hts.v70i1.2054
+Page 3 of 16
+Eietydse getuienis op Hervormingsondag (1995)
+Op 04 November 1995 het ’n groep predikante en lidmate 
+van die Hervormde Kerk onder leiding van ’n ‘loodskomitee’ 
+(A.D. Pont, H.G. van der Westhuizen, G.C. van Staden, J.J. 
+Steenkamp, S. Gregan, H.J. Botes en J.H. Breytenbach) die 
+sogenaamde ‘Eietydse Getuienis op Hervormingsondag’ 
+uitgereik. Die Getuienis het die bedoeling gehad om ’n ‘vurk 
+in die pad’ aan te dui (Steenkamp 1995:3). Die vurk in die 
+pad van die Hervormde Kerk is aangedui as uiteenlopende 
+teologiese rigtings.
+In die voorwoord van die Getuienis (Steenkamp 1995) is 
+daar ook ’n verwysing na ‘Die Verbond’ – ’n liggaam wat 
+geskep is om konfessionele teologie in die Hervormde Kerk 
+te bevorder. In die voorwoord lees ons:
+Die een saak wat ons tot ’n eenheid saamgesnoer het, was ons 
+aanvaarding van die belydenisskrifte van die kerk. Dit was die 
+enkele saambindende faktor in wat ons die Bybels-reformatoriese 
+teologie noem. … Dit is duidelik dat daar verskillende teologiese 
+strominge (nie net twee nie) in ons kerk bestaan. Waar die 
+belydenisskrifte in die verlede die eenheid bewaar het, blyk dit 
+nie meer [die geval] te wees nie. (geen bladsy beskikbaar)
+Die Verbond het verskeie vergaderings gehou, waarheen 
+lidmate uitgenooi is. Die Kommissie van die AKV het die 
+saak probeer beredder deur die Predikantevergadering van 
+1996 te vervroeg, waar verskillende standpunte gestel is. Dit 
+het waarskynlik die uiteenlopende teologiese standpunte net 
+verder beklemtoon.
+In die teks van die Getuienis (Steenkamp 1995:5–10) word 
+die stelling gemaak dat die afwykende teologiese tendense 
+in die Hervormde Kerk dringend reggestel moet word. Die 
+Verbond was van mening dat sommige Hervormde teoloë nie 
+die Skrif as die Woord van God beskou nie; die maagdelike 
+geboorte en liggaamlike opstanding van Christus ontken en 
+nie meer die Belydenisskrifte onderskryf nie.
+In 1994 het ’n nuwe politieke bedeling in Suid-Afrika 
+aangebreek. Nelson Mandela is ingesweer as president van 
+die Republiek van Suid-Afrika. Die Hervormde Kerk word in 
+die Getuienis verkwalik vir haar onderdanigheid en onvermoë 
+om teenoor die nuwe owerheid te getuig. Ten slotte verwerp 
+die Getuienis die humanistiese ‘eenheidsideologie’ wat 
+ras-, volk- en kultuurgemengde gemeentes op die kerk wil 
+afdwing (Steenkamp 1995:9). Die lidmate van die Hervormde 
+Kerk word opgeroep om die diepgaande teologiese skeiding 
+in die kerk raak te sien, die humanisme en ander afwykende 
+tendense in die kerk te bestry en te bid dat dié wat daardeur 
+bekoor word, tot bekering sal kom.
+In 
+’n 
+ongepubliseerde 
+‘Inligtingstuk 
+2012’ 
+van 
+die 
+steedsHervormers (2012c) wat in my besit is, word op 
+bladsy 2 ’n diagram aangebied wat die handelinge van die 
+huidige Geloofsbond ten nouste verbind aan die Verbond 
+van 1995/1996. Die organiese, teologiese en historiese 
+verbintenis tussen die HCM Fourie Vriendekring, Verbond, 
+steedsHervormers, Geloofsbond van Onafhanklike Hervormde 
+Kerk en Geloofsbond van Hervormde Gemeentes kan sonder 
+moeite aangetoon word (vgl. Otto 2012).
+Die verband tussen die opeenvolgende organisasies word nie 
+net in die deurlopende teologiese diskoers sigbaar nie, maar 
+ook in en deur dieselfde persone wat betrokke was by die 
+klag teen Geyser, die Eietydse Getuienis, steedsHervormers en 
+ontstaan van die Geloofsbond van Hervormde Gemeentes. 
+Besluit oor apartheid AKV 2001
+In ons lengtesnit moet ons ook kennis neem van die 66e AKV 
+van 2001, toe die saak van ’n skuldbelydenis oor apartheid 
+op die tafel was. Drie memoranda is aangebied, en sonder 
+bespreking is die dokument van dr. D.J.C. van Wyk (sr.), as 
+’n kompromis, aanvaar. In die skuldbelydenis oor apartheid 
+stel die AKV: 
+dat die kerk kennis neem van die misdade wat onder die 
+apartheidsbeleid gepleeg is, selfs deur lidmate van die kerk. 
+Daarvoor bely die kerk sy skuld voor God en word die lidmate 
+opgeroep tot ’n skuldbelydenis teenoor God en medemens. 
+(Nederduitsch 
+Hervormde 
+Kerk 
+van 
+Afrika 
+[NHKA] 
+2001:171–174)
+Die opvallende van hierdie besluit is dat apartheid per se 
+nie veroordeel word nie, maar wel die misdade wat mense 
+gepleeg het om apartheid in stand te hou. Die skuldbelydenis 
+verwoord ook nie iets van die Hervormde Kerk se teologiese 
+begronding en goedkeuring van apartheid nie. Die 
+skuldbelydenis fokus op die individu, nie op die kerk nie en 
+ook nie op apartheid as politieke bestel nie. 
+Tog was hierdie uitspraak van die AKV ingrypend anders as 
+die kerk se regverdiging van apartheid, soos verwoord oor 
+etlike dekades in amptelike dokumente van die kerk (vgl. 
+Dreyer 2013a). Baie het die mening gehuldig dat die 2001 
+uitspraak oor apartheid voldoende sou wees met die oog 
+op die herstel van die Hervormde Kerk se lidmaatskap van 
+die World Alliance of Reformed Churches (WARC), nou die 
+World Communion of Reformed Churches (WCRC).
+Nasionale Colloquium (2006)
+Die Nasionale Colloquium (27–29 April 2006) het die 
+Hervormde Kerk met die vraag na die ‘Identiteit en 
+relevansie van die Hervormde Kerk in die 21e eeu’ 
+gekonfronteer. Charmaine Lines (2006:20–21), destyds 
+kommunikasiebestuurder van die Hervormde Kerk, het in 
+’n artikel met die titel ‘God se Gees was daar’, dit duidelik 
+gestel dat ‘die Colloquium die begin van ’n proses is waar 
+lidmate van die Hervormde Kerk met mekaar kon gesels oor 
+wie en wat ons kerk is en behoort te wees.‘
+In die aanloop na die Colloquium is predikante, 
+ringskommissies, ampsdraers en lidmate uitgenooi om 
+aan die gesprek deel te neem. Ongeveer 150 lidmate en 
+ampsdraers het die geleentheid buite Pretoria bygewoon. 
+Die uitkoms van die Nasionale Colloquium is verwoord in ’n 
+Herderlike Skrywe van die Kommissie van die AKV wat in 
+
+Original Research
+Original Research
+http://www.hts.org.za
+doi:10.4102/hts.v70i1.2054
+Page 4 of 16
+September 2007 na al die gemeentes gestuur is, onder die titel 
+‘Identiteit en relevansie van die kerk in die 21e eeu’ (NHKA 
+2007). Die Herderlike Skrywe begin met die woorde:
+Die Kommissie van die Algemene Kerkvergadering is van 
+oortuiging dat die krisis van die tyd nie bepalend vir die wese van 
+die kerk kan wees nie. Die wese van die kerk word bepaal deur 
+die Drie-enige God en die evangelie van Jesus Christus. (bl. 1)
+Die Kommissie van die AKV en by name prof. J. Buitendag 
+as voorsitter, het onder skerp kritiek deurgeloop vir die 
+‘vreemde’ Colloquium en Herderlike Skrywe, wat deur 
+sommige beskryf is as ‘breinspoeling’.
+Wat mense waarskynlik vergeet het, is dat die Hervormde 
+gesprek oor kerkwees reeds ’n dekade tevore begin het. 
+In 1995 is die Predikantevergadering en ’n hele uitgawe 
+van HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies (HTS 51[3]) 
+aan ekklesiologie en kerkbegrip gewy. In hierdie uitgawe, 
+waaraan al die teoloë van die kerk meegewerk het, het daar 
+reeds uiteenlopende denke oor kerkwees na vore gekom 
+(vgl. Dreyer 2011a). 
+Die Kommissie van die AKV wat in 2001 verkies is, het onder 
+leiding van prof. T.F.J. Dreyer die gesprek oor kerkwees 
+voortgesit. Dit het sigbaar geword in twee sake, te wete die 
+visie ‘Jesus Christus die enigste hoop vir die wêreld’ asook 
+die ‘Basiskursus in Bedieningspraktyk’, wat nuwe kontoere 
+getrek het vir die bedieningspraktyk in die Hervormde Kerk.
+Dit is opmerklik dat die gesprek oor kerkwees sedert 2001 
+onverpoosd voortduur. Tydens Voortgesette Teologiese 
+Toerusting (VTT), die opening van die Hervormde Teologiese 
+Kollege (HTK), Inligting- en Besprekingsvergaderings en 
+Ringsvergaderings was kerkbegrip en kerkwees dikwels op 
+die agenda (vgl. Dreyer 2011b, 2011d, 2013b).
+Ook die 70e AKV wat van 22–27 September 2013 sitting 
+geneem het, het die eerste twee dae aandag gegee aan ’n 
+verskeidenheid vrae wat verband hou met kerkwees in die 
+toekoms.
+Die Hervormde Kerk se gesprek oor kerkwees en kerkbegrip 
+van die laaste 20 jaar, vertoon groot diversiteit. Die tipiese 
+presbiteriaal-sinodale en volkskerklike kerkbegrip wat aan 
+die Hervormde Kerk ’n sterk institusionele karakter verleen 
+(vgl. Dreyer 2011e:65–74), het stelselmatig begin plek maak 
+vir ’n organiese kerkbegrip waar die klem geplaas word op 
+die kerk as die liggaam van Christus. Hierdie ekklesiologiese 
+verskuiwing het heelwat kritiek uitgelok, veral ten opsigte 
+van die 69e AKV se besluite oor volkskerk en missionale 
+kerkwees (NHKA 2010:60, 83–84). 
+Besoek van World Alliance of Reformed 
+Churches (2006)
+Die proses om die Hervormde Kerk se lidmaatskap van die 
+WARC te herstel, het tydens die 67e AKV (2004) momentum 
+gekry. Dit was tegelyk die begin van skerp meningsverskil 
+in die kerk (vgl. Dreyer 2011c). Dit het daartoe gelei dat ’n 
+afvaardiging van die WARC die Hervormde Kerk in 2006 
+besoek het. 
+Die afvaardiging het bestaan uit dr. Setri Nyomi (Algemene 
+Sekretaris), ds. Peggy Kabonde (Zambië), ds. Sandy 
+Horsburgh (Skotland), dr. Felix Chingota (Malawi), dr. 
+Egbert Rooze (België), prof. Thias Kgatla (Suid-Afrika) en dr. 
+Kobus Gerber (Suid-Afrika).
+Die WARC het die Hervormde Kerk van 05–08 Junie 2006 
+besoek. Samesprekings is met die Moderamen, Kommissie 
+van die Hervormde Kerk, en die Raad vir Ekumene en 
+Hervormde Dosentevergadering gevoer. Daar is ook met die 
+Moderamen van die Hervormde Kerk in Suidelike Afrika 
+(MRCC) gesprek gevoer. Die doel van die besoek was om 
+’n verslag aan die WARC se Uitvoerende Komitee te lewer, 
+waarin aangedui word tot watter mate die Hervormde Kerk 
+voldoen aan die voorwaardes vir hertoelating tot die WARC. 
+Hierdie voorwaardes is die volgende:
+• 
+Swart Christene word nie van eredienste en deelname 
+aan die nagmaal uitgesluit nie.
+• 
+Konkrete ondersteuning word in woord en daad gebied 
+aan diegene wat gely het onder apartheid.
+• 
+Ondubbelsinnige sinodale besluite word geneem wat die 
+teologiese begronding van apartheid verwerp. 
+Tydens die onderhandelinge is ooreengekom dat die 
+Hervormde Kerk reeds voldoen aan die eerste twee vereistes 
+maar, strydig met die verwagting van die Kommissie van 
+die AKV, was die WARC afvaardiging teleurgesteld oor 
+die besluit wat die 66e AKV oor apartheid geneem het. Dit 
+hou verband daarmee dat die AKV hom nie oor apartheid 
+as sodanig of oor die teologiese regverdiging daarvan 
+uitgespreek het nie, maar slegs oor misdade wat deur 
+individue gepleeg is. 
+Die WARC afvaardiging was ook baie krities oor die Ordereël 
+IV in die Kerkorde, wat hulle beskou het as ’n verskuilde 
+voortsetting van Artikel III wat lidmaatskap van die kerk tot 
+blankes beperk het. Die WARC afvaardiging het wel positief 
+gereageer oor die uitkoms van die Nasionale Colloquium, 
+veral ten opsigte van die standpunt dat die verhouding met 
+die MRCC moes verbeter. 
+Die gevolgtrekking waartoe die WARC afvaardiging gekom 
+het, was dat die 2001 besluit oor apartheid nie voldoen aan 
+die vereistes van die 1982 Ottawa Resolusie nie, wat vereis 
+dat die AKV die teologiese regverdiging van apartheid 
+onvoorwaardelike moet herroep (vgl. WARC 2006).
+Daar was besonder skerp reaksie vanuit die geledere van die 
+HCM Fourie Stigting teen die WARC, die Kommissie van 
+die AKV se hantering van die saak asook individuele lede 
+van die Kommissie. Dit is duidelik dat die gebeure rondom 
+die Colloquium en die besoek van WARC ’n diep en ernstige 
+vertrouensbreuk tussen die Kommissie van die AKV en ’n 
+sekere deel van die Hervormde Kerk lidmate veroorsaak het.
+
+Original Research
+Original Research
+http://www.hts.org.za
+doi:10.4102/hts.v70i1.2054
+Page 5 of 16
+Die vertrouensbreuk word breedvoerig deur A.D. Pont 
+(2013b), in sy reaksie op Besluit 54, verwoord. Daarin verwys 
+hy onder andere na die gebeure van 2006:
+Daar is op gewys dat die Kommissie van die AKV al in 2006 
+besluit het om ’n nuwe koers in te slaan. Die pad wat die 
+Hervormde Kerk geloop het vanaf 1852, het die Kommissie in 
+2006 by ’n waterskeiding gebring. Die destydse voorsitter van 
+die Kommissie het glo ‘disdain’ ervaar toe hy sy voorgangers 
+se menings en optrede nagelees het. Daar is toe gekies om ’n 
+nuwe pad te gaan en dit was toe glo om aansluiting te soek by 
+die Engelstalige WARC/WCRC. Daarom kan die Teologiese 
+Fakulteit aan UP seker maar verengels en is ook die vak 
+Kerkgeskiedenis afgeskaf sodat die gewetes nie meer belas sal 
+word deur die ‘besoedelde verlede’ van die Hervormde Kerk 
+nie.
+Maar nou is daar ook gemeentes en diensknegte van die Heer 
+van die Kerk wat ook by die waterskeiding uitgekom het en 
+besluit het dat die prys wat gevra word deur die meerderheid 
+van die AKV ’n bietjie te hoog is. Daarom is dit nogal vreemd dat 
+daar so geswets en gedreig word deur die meerderheidsgroep 
+in die Hervormde Kerk omdat daar gelowiges, diensknegte 
+van Jesus Christus en gemeentes is wat tevrede is om te bly wat 
+hulle nog altyd was en nog steeds is: Hervormers wat bly by 
+die onveranderde Formuliere van Eenheid en met dankbaarheid 
+die Bybel lees wat hulle, volgens die Nerlandse Geloofbelydenis 
+(NGB), verstaan as die Woord van God.
+Pont (2013b) is verder van mening dat die AKV se besluite 
+oor apartheid berus op (1) ’n afwykende leer en (2) 
+bevrydingsteologie. Hy is ook van mening dat die verskillende 
+denkrigtings in die Hervormde Kerk so wesenlik verskil, 
+dat dit uitsluitend is. Wie Besluit 54 aanvaar, kan volgens 
+hom nie meer deel van die ware kerk wees nie. Dit is ook 
+duidelik dat hy die mening huldig dat die Geloofsbond die 
+ware voortsetting van die Hervormde Kerk is. Gemeentes 
+en lidmate wat Besluit 54 steun, het die geloofsband met die 
+‘ware’ Hervormde Kerk verbreek. 
+Besluite van die 69e Algemene Kerkvergadering 
+(2010)
+Die 68e AKV (2007) wou geen finale besluit oor die WARC of 
+apartheid neem nie. Talle gemeentes het beskrywingspunte 
+ingedien wat beswaar maak teen die aanbevelings van die 
+WARC afvaardiging. 
+Tydens die 69e AKV (2010) het die saak weer aan die orde 
+gekom. Dit was die gevolg van bepaalde gebeure, wat 
+ook kortliks genoem moet word. Vyf predikante van die 
+Hervormde Kerk (proff. J. Buitendag, E. van Eck, J.A. Loader, 
+A.G. van Aarde en Y. Dreyer) het ’n openbare verklaring 
+uitgereik waarin hulle die teologiese regverdiging van 
+apartheid verwerp. Die dosente is aangekla deur lede van 
+Die Verbond/HCM Fourie Vriendekring as sou hulle die 
+goeie orde in die kerk versteur, kerkskeuring bevorder en 
+hulle nie onderwerp aan besluite van die (1982) AKV nie 
+(Van der Merwe 2012:1). 
+Die saak het voor die Kommissie van die AKV gedien, 
+waarna al die partye ooreengekom het dat die standpunt van 
+die dosente (wat bekend geword het as as Besluit 54) aan die 
+AKV voorgelê sou word vir beoordeling. In die Agenda van 
+die 69e AKV staan dit as ’n beskrywingspunt van die dosente, 
+wat foutief is. Beskrywingspunt 54 is deur die Kommissie 
+van die AKV op die agenda geplaas as deel van die proses 
+om die konflik te beredder.
+Tydens die 69e AKV het 247 (58.8%) predikante en ouderlinge 
+tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat die Hervormde Kerk se 
+teologiese regverdiging van apartheid in die verlede, strydig 
+met die evangelie was (NHKA 2010). Besluit 54 van die 69e 
+AKV het soos volg gelui: 
+Die 69e AKV maak in die lig van die 68e AKV se besluit dat dit 
+verkeerd was om ‘n bepaalde regeringsbeleid (apartheid) goed 
+te praat, onomwonde die uitspraak dat apartheid nie teologies 
+geregverdig kan word nie. Die kerk verwerp sy goedkeuring 
+van apartheid omdat dit:
+• 
+in stryd is met die evangelie van Jesus Christus
+• 
+gebaseer is op die idee van onderlinge onversoenlikheid
+• 
+onreg sanksioneer
+• 
+die beeld van God in mense aantas.
+Die vergadering beklemtoon die Bybels-teologiese aard van die 
+uitspraak. (bl. 343–344)
+Die 69e AKV het ook met ’n meerderheidstem besluit dat 
+Ordereël 4 van die Kerkorde (NHKA 1997:69) gewysig 
+moet word met die weglating van die begrip ‘volkskerk’, 
+om moontlik soos volg te lees: ‘Die Hervormde Kerk, as 
+deel van die een, algemene, apostoliese kerk is geroep tot 
+die verkondiging van die evangelie van Jesus Christus aan 
+alle mense.’ Die saak is verwys na die komitee wat besig 
+is om die Kerkorde te herskryf (vgl. Beskrywingspunt 32 
+en die daaropvolgende Besluit en Amendement van die 
+69e Algemene Kerkvergadering soos verwoord in die 
+Besluitebundel [NHKA 2010:60]).
+’n Derde groep besluite wat die AKV geneem het, het te doen 
+met die ontwikkeling van missionale kerkwees en die herskryf 
+van die Kerkorde op grond van ’n missionale ekklesiologie. 
+Ook hierdie besluit, hoewel dit sonder veel bespreking deur 
+die AKV aanvaar is, het later heelwat kritiek uitgelok omdat 
+dit strydig is met die tradisionele volkskerklike apostolaat 
+van die Hervormde Kerk.
+Tydens die vergadering het talle afgevaardigdes hulle 
+teenstem laat aanteken en selfs die vergadering verlaat. 
+Hierdie drie sake, te wete Besluit 54, Ordereël IV (volkskerk) 
+en missionale kerkwees is deurlopend gekritiseer vanuit die 
+kringe van die steedsHervormers, as synde die resultaat van 
+’n vreemde leer en teologie.
+Buitengewone Algemene Kerkvergadering
+Op 04 en 05 Oktober 2011 het die Algemene Kerkvergadering 
+vir ’n buitengewone sitting gekonstitueer. Die Kommissie 
+van die AKV het die buitengewone AKV byeengeroep om 
+aandag te gee aan ’n Beswaarskrif wat by die Kommissie 
+van die AKV ingehandig is. Die Beswaarskrif is ingehandig 
+op grond van Ordinansie 1.2.1. van die Kerkorde (NHKA 
+
+Original Research
+Original Research
+http://www.hts.org.za
+doi:10.4102/hts.v70i1.2054
+Page 6 of 16
+2010:3). Dit lees soos volg: ‘Besware teen leerbeslissings van 
+die Algemene Kerkvergadering word aan die Kommissie 
+van die Algemene Kerkvergadering voorgelê.’
+Die Komitee van die steedsHervormers het op 30 November 
+2010 met die Moderamen in gesprek getree nadat hulle 
+opgeroep is vir gesprek. Hierdie vergadering is deur bykans 
+al die kommissielede bygewoon. By dié geleentheid is die 
+Beswaarskrif deur die beswaarde lidmate en ampsdraers op 
+die tafel geplaas, maar dit is nie bespreek nie. Op 28 Januarie 
+2011 het die Kommissie ’n buitengewone vergadering belê 
+waar verdere aandag aan die Beswaarskrif en die proses 
+wat gevolg behoort te word, gegee is. Die Kommissie het 
+na hierdie vergadering ’n Herderlike Skrywe aan al die 
+gemeentes van die Hervormde Kerk gestuur om hulle van 
+die beswaar in te lig en hoe die Kommissie die saak verder 
+gaan hanteer.
+Die Kommissie was ook bereid om verteenwoordigers van 
+die beswaarde lidmate op 18 Februarie 2011 te woord te 
+staan oor die proses, maar hulle het aangedui dat hulle so 
+’n gesprek nie nodig ag nie. Die Kommissie het daarna, soos 
+die Kerkorde daarvoor voorsiening maak, die advies van 
+verskeie deskundiges oor die saak ingewin en oorweeg. Die 
+meerderheid van die deskundiges het nie saamgestem met 
+die wese van die beswaardes se argumente nie, maar almal 
+was dit eens dat hierdie belangrike teologiese aangeleenthede 
+is wat verdere debat vereis.
+Die Kommissie het die Beswaarskrif tydens ’n werkwinkel 
+op 04 en 05 Maart 2011 volledig behandel. Daarna is die 
+Beswaarskrif weereens in debat geneem op 10 en 11 Maart 
+2011 tydens die Kommissie se geskeduleerde vergadering. 
+Daar is by hierdie geleentheid weer met die komitee van die 
+beswaardes gesprek gevoer.
+In die oorweging van die saak was dit ’n vraag of Besluit 54 
+inderdaad ’n leerbeslissing behels. Omdat Ordereël 1.1.4. 
+(NHKA 2010:1) stipuleer dat die leer van die kerk ook tot 
+uitdrukking kom in teologiese uitsprake, het die Kommissie 
+geoordeel dat die Beswaarskrif wel by ’n AKV kan dien. 
+Na verdere konsultasie met verskillende rolspelers en 
+korrespondensie met die beswaarde lidmate en ampsdraers, 
+is besluit om die Beswaarskrif tydens ’n buitengewone AKV 
+ter tafel te neem, sodat die Kerk weer die geleentheid kry om 
+daaroor te besin en besluite te neem.
+Die Kommissie het verskeie teoloë versoek om kommentaar 
+te lewer op die Beswaarskrif. Die teologiese refleksie en 
+kommentaar is volledig in die Agenda van die buitengewone 
+AKV opgeneem en kan daar nagelees word. Een van die 
+kern besware was teen die uitdrukking ‘beeld van God in die 
+mens’. Die Beswaarskrif het groot gewag daarvan gemaak dat 
+die uitdrukking ’n afwykende antropologie en versaking van 
+die reformatoriese leer verteenwoordig. 
+Miskien kan met een kritiese opmerking teenoor die 
+standpunt van die Beswaarskrif volstaan word, ’n saak 
+waarop prof. J.A. Loader die vergadering attent gemaak het: 
+Calvyn ([1559] 1949) skryf in sy Institusie (III/7/6) soos volg: 
+Alleen op hierdie manier bereik ons wat nie alleen moeilik is 
+nie, maar heeltemal teen ons natuur, naamlik om diegene lief 
+te hê wat ons haat, goed te doen vir kwaad en te seën vir vloek, 
+deurdat ons onthou dat ons nie moet let op die boosheid van 
+mense nie, maar moet kyk na die beeld van God in hulle,’n beeld 
+wat hulle foute bedek en uitroei deurdat die skoonheid en 
+waardigheid daarvan ons trek om hulle lief te hê en te omhels. 
+(bl. 191)
+Die Beswaarskrif teen Besluit 54 van die 69e AKV (NHKA 2011) 
+begin deur te wys daarop dat Besluit 54 ‘verteenwoordig 
+’n leerverandering in ons Kerk en is nie op waarheid en 
+feite gebaseer nie.’ Die Beswaarskrif het van die standpunt 
+uitgegaan dat Besluit 54 historiese wanvoorstelling, 
+prosedurefoute sowel as leerstellige probleme bevat:
+Leer:
+• 
+Besluit 54 verteenwoordig vreemde leer aangesien dit stel 
+dat ‘die beeld van God in die mens is.’ 
+• 
+Besluit 54 berus op Bevrydingsteologie omdat dit die 
+1982 status confessionis van WARC napraat. Die besluit is 
+beïnvloed deur ‘n ‘ekumenistiese ideologie’. 
+Historiese wanvoorstelling: 
+• 
+Besluit 54 gee ’n wanvoorstelling van apartheid. 
+Apartheid kan in werklikheid nie veroordeel word nie. 
+Die Beswaarskrif stel dit soos volg: 
+Die derde begrondende stelling stel dat apartheid onreg 
+sanksioneer. Die status confessionis van die WARC 
+verduidelik hierdie onreg as sou die maatreëls van 
+afsonderlike ontwikkeling bedoel gewees het om blankes 
+ten koste van swartes te bevoordeel. Hierdie stelling is nie 
+waar nie. Hierdie stelling neem geensins die geskiedkundige 
+gebeurtenisse, ooreenkomste, konvensies en politieke 
+bepalings in ag nie. (NHKA 2011:38–44)
+Prosedure foute:
+• 
+Besluit 54 verwys na ’n besluit van die 68e AKV, wat nie 
+’n besluit was nie maar slegs ’n aanbeveling. Dit kom neer 
+op ’n leuen. 
+• 
+Daar het nie genoeg memoranda oor die saak in die kerk 
+gesirkuleer nie.
+• 
+Die besluit is ultra vires omdat daar verwarring was oor 
+die bedoeling van Besluit 54. 
+Die buitengewone Algemene Kerkvergadering (NHKA 
+2011:84–85) moes gevolglik oor die volgende sake uitspraak 
+lewer:
+• 
+Was Besluit 54 ’n skuldbelydenis of ’n teologiese 
+uitspraak? Stemming: 308 (66%) stem dat dit ’n teologiese 
+uitspraak was. 
+• 
+Was Besluit 54 ’n leerbeslissing? Stemming: 327(69%) 
+stem ‘nee’. 
+• 
+Was Besluit 54 in ’n verandering aan die Belydenisskrifte? 
+Stemming: 360 (75%) ‘nee’. 
+
+Original Research
+Original Research
+http://www.hts.org.za
+doi:10.4102/hts.v70i1.2054
+Page 7 of 16
+• 
+Was Besluit 54 ’n nuwe belydenis? Stemming: 370 (78%) 
+‘nee’.
+• 
+Was Besluit 54 ultra vires? Stemming: 315 (67%) ‘nee’.
+Die AKV het met ’n groot meerderheid die argumente van 
+die Beswaarskrif verwerp. As kompromis is ’n nuwe besluit 
+deur T.F.J. Dreyer, ondersteun deur al die vorige voorsitters 
+van die AKV, geformuleer wat die besware in die Beswaarskrif 
+moes aanspreek. Daar is met 256 teen 192 stemme (57%) die 
+volgende besluit geneem: 
+Die Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika verklaar dat die 
+politieke beleid van apartheid wat toegepas is in die Republiek 
+van Suid-Afrika, nie teologies geregverdig kan word nie, en 
+herroep hiermee alle goedkeuring in die verlede van die beleid 
+in uitsprake deur die Kerk en namens die Kerk. Dit was in stryd 
+met die evangelie van Jesus Christus. (NHKA 2011:85)
+Daar is ook twee ander belangrike besluite geneem: (1) Die 
+Hervormde Kerk wil nie modaliteite in sy midde toelaat nie 
+en (2) die Kommissie van die AKV moet ’n komitee aanwys 
+om gesprek met beswaarde lidmate te voer, in ’n poging om 
+groter begrip en verdraagsaamheid te bevorder. Die komitee 
+is benoem onder leiding van dr. Kobus Labuschagne, maar 
+kon ongelukkig nie daarin slaag om die konflik te besweer 
+nie.
+Staat van Belydenis
+Op 02 Junie 2012 het die steedsHervormers ’n Staat van 
+Belydenis teen die Hervormde Kerk verklaar. In die nagaan 
+van die dokumentasie rondom die Staat van Belydenis, het 
+dit duidelik geword dat daar verskillende tekste is – party 
+langer en party korter. Die korter weergawe wat die mees 
+bekende is lui soos volg:
+So glo ons – ons kan nie anders nie
+Ons onwrikbare geloof in God Drie-enig, ons vashou aan 
+die Bybel as ons enigste kanon, ons aanvaarding van die 
+Belydenisskrifte, die Proponentsformule, dring ons daartoe om 
+te staan by ons geloofsoortuigings. Ons smeekbede is: Help ons, 
+God.
+Indien alle vorme van protes nie suksesvol was nie, is dit nodig 
+om te bely: Ek distansieer myself en sonder myself af teen hierdie 
+vreemde konsep en verstaan dit as ’n vreemde leer. Hierdie 
+belydenis spreek elke lidmaat individueel aan. Elkeen moet self 
+kies: Waar staan ek? Dit is ons oortuiging dat ons nou by hierdie 
+punt in die geskiedenis van die NHKA gekom het.
+In al hierdie sake wat die eer van God, die verlossing van die 
+mens en die beloftes van die ewige lewe aanraak en ten opsigte 
+waarvan ons verplig is om die Here God te gehoorsaam, kan ons 
+geen toegewing aan die (georganiseerde) meerderheid maak 
+nie. Buitendien moet in sake waar dit gaan om die eer van God, 
+ons verlossing uit die sonde en die ewige lewe, elke gelowige 
+opstaan en homself voor God verantwoord en niemand kan 
+hierin agter ‘n ander een wegkruip nie.
+Saak 1
+Die mens is beelddraer van God ten opsigte van ’n verhouding 
+met God, ’n opdrag van God en verantwoordelikheid teenoor 
+God. Die BAKV se besluit dat daar geen vreemde leer 
+teenwoordig is in 54/69, is nie korrek nie. Die beeld van God 
+is nie in die mens nie. Ons bely die Godheid van Christus en 
+ook sy menswording; sy twee nature (ware mens, ware God); 
+sy maagdelike geboorte; sy plaasvervangende en versoenende 
+dood aan die kruis. In Christus is God, nie in die mens nie. 
+Ons verklaar daarom dat ons in ’n Staat van Belydenis is en dat 
+die AKV ’n vreemde teologiese konsep as waarheid aanvaar het 
+deur te stem dat die beeld van God in die mens is. Ons roep 
+lidmate en ampsdraers van die NHKA daartoe op om te erken 
+dat die mens volkome sondaar is en dat ons redding buite onsself 
+in Jesus Christus is. 
+Saak 2
+Die BAKV se besluit om 54/69 te behou, verloën die evangelie 
+van Jesus Christus as die opgestane HERE. Die NHKA het nog 
+altyd vasgehou aan die evangelie van Jesus Christus wat ons 
+verlos het uit die mag van sonde en dood. Sedert 54/69 stel die 
+Kerk dat daar geen ander evangelie is as ‘die evangelie van die 
+deernis van God’ nie.
+Ons verklaar daarom dat ons in ’n Staat van Belydenis is en dat 
+die AKV ’n teologie verkondig wat nie in lyn is met die Bybel en 
+die belydenisskrifte nie. Ons roep die AKV daartoe op om terug 
+te keer tot die belydenis dat Jesus ons red van sonde en dood. 
+Saak 3
+Die sake wat nou as die kern van die Kerk aangedui word,maak 
+van die NHKA ’n organisasie van diensbaarheid. Hierdie 
+organisasie se doelwitte is dan gemik op sosiale verandering en 
+nie meer op evangelieverkondiging nie. Dit lyk asof die kerk ’n 
+oppervlakkige teologie aanhang wat gryp na bemarkingstruuks 
+om die Kerk te laat ‘oorleef en relevant te wees.’
+Ons verklaar daarom dat ons glo die AKV slaan ’n teologiese 
+rigting in waar die heil van die mensdom gesoek word, nie in 
+God nie, maar in die huidige sogenaamde sosiale geregtigheid. 
+Ons roep die AKV daartoe op om weer die vooruitsig van ’n 
+wederkoms en die volle rykdom van God se verlossende genade 
+raak te sien.
+Saak 4
+Die sewende gebod, asook die hele Bybel (vgl. Sondag 41 van die 
+Heidelbergse Kategismus) verstaan die verhouding tussen een 
+man en een vrou as die ideale verhouding binne die wil van God. 
+Die Bybel veroordeel homoseksuele verhoudings.
+Ons verklaar daarom dat ons in ’n Staat van Belydenis is omdat 
+die AKV ’n teologie aanhang wat nie erns maak met die Bybel as 
+die Woord van God nie. Ons roep die AKV daartoe op om terug 
+te keer tot ’n verstaan van die Tien Gebooie wat in lyn is met die 
+Bybel en die Belydenisskrifte. 
+Saak 5
+Die benadering deur dosente en die predikante van die 
+AKV wat gestem het ten gunste van ’n interpretasie van 
+die Belydenisskrifte, weerspreek die Proponentsformule en 
+Ordinansie 1.1.2. Die gedagte dat die geloofsbelydenisse en 
+die belydenisskrifte eietyds geïnterpreteer moet word, ontken 
+die waarheidskarakter daarvan en is meer in lyn met die 
+vrysinnigheid.
+Ons roep die ampsdraers van die NHKA daartoe om te erken dat 
+ons die belydenisskrifte onderteken juis omdat hierdie geskrifte 
+in ooreenstemming is met die Woord van God. 
+Saak 6 
+Binne veral die Teologiese Opleiding het dit mode geword om 
+die sogenaamde Q-bron en die Thomas-evangelie aan te haal. 
+Hierdie benadering is slegs moontlik indien die gesag van 
+die Bybel nie aanvaar word nie en na teologiese antwoorde 
+
+Original Research
+Original Research
+http://www.hts.org.za
+doi:10.4102/hts.v70i1.2054
+Page 8 of 16
+gesoek word buite die Bybel om. Op grond van die Bybel bely 
+ons die Godheid van Christus en ook sy menswording; sy 
+twee nature (ware mens, ware God); sy maagdelike geboorte; 
+sy plaasvervangende en versoenende dood aan die kruis; sy 
+liggaamlike opstanding en sy hemelvaart.
+Ons roep die AKV daartoe op om die Bybel as Woord van God te 
+aanvaar en as die enigste gesagvolle bron vir prediking en norm 
+vir teologiese navorsing vir die Kerk te erken. Ons verklaar dat 
+die Kerk in sy goedkeuring en aanvaarding van akademiese 
+navorsingsresultate en skrywes in amptelike publikasies van 
+die Kerk wat die teendeel wil verkondig, ’n godslasterlike leer 
+akkommodeer en selfs beloon. Ons roep lidmate en ampsdraers 
+van die NHKA daartoe op om te erken dat Jesus Christus waarlik 
+God en mens is, uit ’n maagd gebore is, aan die kruis gesterf het, 
+uit die dood opgestaan en na die hemel opgevaar het soos die 
+Woord duidelik verkondig. 
+Saak 7
+Eksodus 20:16 ‘Jy mag nie vals getuienis teen ’n ander gee nie’. 
+Die negende gebod vereis van ons om in alle gevalle die waarheid 
+te koester en die leuen te verwerp, ongeag omstandighede en die 
+prys wat betaal moet word. Indien die Kerk die negende gebod 
+oortree, het die Kerk homself begin sien as ’n grootheid wat 
+uitstyg bokant God en God se gebod.
+Ons verklaar daarom dat ons in ’n Staat van Belydenis is en 
+dat die AKV die oortreding van die negende gebod goedkeur 
+en so die kern van die evangelie aantas. Die Kerk moet erken 
+dat die 68e AKV geen besluit oor politieke beleid geneem het 
+nie. Die AKV moet beide die aanvaarding van beskrywingspunt 
+54 van die 69e AKV, asook die opvolg besluit van die BAKV, 
+onvoorwaardelik herroep. (steedsHervormers 2012e) 
+Hierdie Staat van Belydenis is tydens die onlangse vergadering 
+van die Geloofsbond van Hervormde Gemeentes bekragtig. 
+Dit verwoord die leergeskil tussen die Geloofsbond en die 
+NHKA en vorm tegnies die basis waarop die onafhanklike 
+gemeentes hulle van die NHKA distansieer.
+Die rol van die media
+Ek meen dat dit van uiterste belang is dat ons sal kennis neem 
+van die rol wat die openbare, kerklike maar veral die sosiale 
+media in onlangse gebeure gespeel het. Vir die eerste keer in 
+die geskiedenis van die Hervormde Kerk, is sosiale media 
+aangewend om die kerk in ’n bepaalde rigting te laat beweeg.
+Lidmate wat beswaard was het briewe aan die pers gerig, 
+’n webblad is gevestig1 en sosiale media is bykans daagliks 
+benut om standpunte te stel en besluite van die kerk te 
+kritiseer.2 Al die korrespondensie, artikels, koerante, video’s 
+en tydskrifte was vir lidmate deur die internet beskikbaar. 
+Deur ’n knoppie op die rekenaar te druk, kon enigeen ’n 
+standpunt stel, kritiek uitspreek of daarvan kennis neem. 
+’n Enkele voorbeeld (ter illustrasie) vind ons in Koers van 
+Desember 2012 onder die opskrif ‘Red die Hervormde Kerk 
+se karakter’: 
+Die besluit van die Algemene Kerkvergadering in 2010 en 2011 
+voer die Sosialistiese Teologie teenoor die Bybelse Teologie in 
+1.http://www.steedshervormers.co.za/
+2.https://www.facebook.com/pages/Steedshervormers/118368828245168
+ons Kerk in. Met die dwaling dat elke mens in hom/haar iets 
+Goddelik het, sleep die wêreldekumene ons nou ook in om ons 
+afsonderlike bestaan as volk as teen die evangelie te verwerp. 
+Met die besluit dat al ons Kerk se besluite voorheen oor apartheid 
+teen die evangelie was! (Kotzé 2012)
+Die Kommissie van die AKV is in die openbare en kerklike 
+media, briewe, Facebook en hofaansoeke verwyt en beskuldig 
+van ’n geheime agenda, bedrieglike optrede, viktimisasie en 
+onkerkordelike optrede. ’n Enkele voorbeeld (waarvan daar 
+letterlik tientalle bestaan) sal die punt illustreer. Dr. Johan 
+Otto skryf in reaksie op Omsendskrywe 17/2012 op die 
+webblad van steedsHervormers (2012d) die volgende: ‘Dit is 
+nou tyd dat die eiegeregtige en aanmatigende magsvergryp 
+van die KommAKV ontmasker word.’ Hy kritiseer die 
+omsendskrywe punt vir punt en verwerp dit in baie skerp 
+bewoording. Die kommentaar was vir alle lidmate beskikbaar 
+om te lees.
+Ook op ander webtuistes het die saak besonder baie aandag 
+getrek. Hier word slegs twee voorbeelde genoem ter 
+illustrasie. Op die webblad van die Noordoos-Transvaalse 
+Boerekommando, ’n verregse organisasie, lewer die 
+webblad redakteur Manie (2012) kommentaar op Neels 
+Jackson se berig in Beeld dat Gemeente Meyerspark hulleself 
+onafhanklik verklaar het van die Hervormde Kerk. Hy plaas 
+sy kommentaar onder die opskrif ‘Leraar of Leuenaar?’ en 
+skryf dan: 
+Baie mense weet nie hoe ’n klomp Godloënaars van die sinodes 
+en predikante is nie. Ek is in besit van ’n video wat skelm geneem 
+is in die sinode vergaderings en dit is skokkend om te hoor wat 
+daar bespreek word. Onder andere dat die Seun van God nie 
+opgestaan het en opgevaar het na die hemel nie, ‘maar dat hy 
+deur die honde opgevreet is’, en dat dit net ’n miete in die mens 
+se kop is dat hy opgevaar het, dit is hoekom hulle hom nie by sy 
+graf kon vind nie! So is daar ook nog ’n paar ander stellings wat 
+gemaak is. Maar nee, hoekom sal Dominee (demoon) nou lieg? … 
+Hoeveel van hulle is Vrymesselaars, selfs by die teologiese skool 
+pryk die Vrymesselaars tekens volop daar en besoek hulle ook 
+die hole van die Vrymesselaars. Ek sal binnekort die video op die 
+web plaas. Ek dink die tyd dat ons as Volk ’n verootmoedigings 
+dag moet uitroep is ’n noodsaaklikheid, landswyd!
+Reeds in 2009, in die aanloop tot die 69e Algemene 
+Kerkvergadering, lewer dr. S.H. Gregan (voormalige 
+ouderlingslid van die Kommissie van die AKV) kommentaar 
+op gebeure in die Hervormde Kerk onder die opskrif 
+‘Nog ‘n Afrikaner-bastion val’. Op die webblad van die 
+Afrikaner Volksparty skryf hy oor liturgiese vernuwing, ’n 
+gesamentlike verklaring tussen die NG Kerk en Hervormde 
+Kerk, die WARC en kom dan tot die gevolgtrekking:
+Dit was ’n eer om as ‘Hervormer’ bekend te kon staan. Dit is 
+egter net ’n dwaas wat sal vasklou aan ’n naam en vergange 
+se herinneringe. Ook die naam sal op aandrang van die vyand 
+uiteindelik moet verdwyn omdat ook dit ‘aanstoot’ gee. Soos 
+die Nasionale Party in 1969 en weer in 2008 herstig moes word, 
+so sal die dag aanbreek dat Christen-nasionaliste weer ’n nuwe 
+(Hervormde) kerk sal stig. Daardie dag kom vinnig nader. Dit 
+is immers ons, wat in ’n eie afsonderlike Godgegewe identiteit 
+van ons volk glo, se taak en ons roeping. Hierdie nuwe kerk sal 
+
+Original Research
+Original Research
+http://www.hts.org.za
+doi:10.4102/hts.v70i1.2054
+Page 9 of 16
+nie verskoning vra vir apartheid nie. En hierdie lidmate sal weet 
+dat diskriminasie, ja die voorkeur vir die eie, ’n lewenswet is 
+waarsonder geen volk ’n identiteit kan hê en homself kan betuig 
+nie. Ja, waarsonder geen volk kan voortbestaan nie. (Gregan 
+2009:1)
+Ook skriftelike kommunikasie deur middel van briewe en 
+e-pos getuig van ’n totale vertrouensbreuk wat plaasgevind 
+het. Op 13 Augustus 2012 ontvang die Kommissie van die 
+AKV die volgende brief van die Hervormde Kerkvereniging, 
+waarin die volgende stelling gemaak word:
+Maar dit is blykbaar niks vreemd vir die Kommissie om openlik 
+te lieg nie, soos maar weer uit die skrywe van 3 Augustus blyk. 
+Hoe moet die res van die Kerk opkyk na die leiers van die Kerk 
+as hulle so openlik die waarheid verdraai en so onchristelik 
+optree? A nee a – julle noem julleself dan predikante. (NHKA 
+2012a:9)
+Die Kommissie van die AKV se kommunikasie met die 
+kerk en steedsHervormers is dikwels gekritiseer, ook uit eie 
+geledere. Dit was óf te min, óf te veel , óf te hardvogtig óf te 
+sagmoedig. Die Kommissie is verkwalik omdat daar te laat 
+en te stadig gekommunikeer is. Die interne spanning in die 
+Kommissie het duidelike kommunikasie bemoeilik en selfs 
+gelei tot uiteenlopende standpunte wat deur verskillende 
+lede van die Kommissie gestel is. Die uiteenlopende 
+standpunte het uiteindelik daartoe gelei dat dr. J.M.G. Storm 
+(skriba) en oudl. J. Oberholzer uit die Kommissie bedank het. 
+Die Kommissie het van amptelike kommunikasiekanale 
+gebruik gemaak om bepaalde standpunte te stel, te wete die 
+kerklike tydskrifte, omsendskrywes en herderlike skrywes. 
+Die Kommissie het ook toestemming verleen dat ’n amptelike 
+Facebookblad vir die kerk gevestig word.3 
+Daarbenewens het lede van die Kommissie sedert 2010 meer 
+as 150 keer formeel of informeel met lidmate, ampsdraers, 
+predikante, vergaderings van die ampte en byeenkomste 
+gepoog om eensgesindheid te bevorder en inligting deur 
+te gee (vgl. NHKA 2013:143–160). Die huidige Kommissie 
+en Moderamen het in die 3-jaar termyn 48 keer vergader 
+om aan die sake aandag te gee. Van die vergaderings moes 
+op geheime plekke plaasvind, omdat sensitiewe inligting 
+(bv. oor hofsake) uitgelek het en op Facebook verskyn het 
+selfs nog voor die vergadering afgehandel was. Dit het die 
+Kommissie genoodsaak om ’n Litigasie Komitee aan te wys 
+met ’n mandaat om sake te hanteer, met beperkte inligting 
+aan die Kommissie van die AKV. 
+Die Kommissie het deurlopend gepoog om die Kerkorde te 
+interpreteer en toe te pas. Daaroor was daar groot verskil 
+van mening, onder andere oor die saak van lidmaatskap. Die 
+Kommissie was van meet af oortuig daarvan dat bepaalde 
+optrede van die steedsHervormers hulle lidmaatskap van die 
+Hervormde Kerk de iure en de facto ophef.
+Dit is ook opvallend hoe dikwels kommunikasie in die 
+sosiale media getuig van foutiewe inligting, uiteenlopende 
+3.https://www.facebook.com/groups/ 2756611001/?fref=ts
+interpretasies van gebeure en selfs moedswilligheid. Dit kan 
+met enkele voorbeelde geïllustreer word, soos die volgende 
+oor ’n ‘nuwe teologiese rigting’:
+Op etiese vlak kom die nuwe teologiese rigting aan die orde in 
+die manier waarop die huwelik in gedrang gebring word. Vele 
+voorbeelde sou gestel kon word, maar die duidelikste voorbeeld 
+is die beskerming wat die Hervormde dosente bied aan ’n 
+homoseksuele student. Op hulle aandrang is die student wat in 
+’n openlike intieme verhouding met ’n man is, steeds student 
+van die Kerk, studeer hy einde 2012 af en sal dan vroeg 2013 
+beroepbaar wees. Die dosente se etiek is ver verwyderd van dit 
+wat ’n geslag gelede die oortuiging was. Daarmee saam het die 
+fakulteit as oop ekumeniese instansie geen duidelike Hervormde 
+inslag nie. (steedsHervormers 2012c)
+Opvallend genoeg is die inligting nooit reggestel of vermeld 
+dat die student op daardie stadium reeds van kursus 
+verander het en nie beroepbaar gestel kón word nie, óf dat 
+dit primêr die verantwoordelikheid van die Kuratorium is 
+om sodanige besluite te neem nie. 
+Van die Kommissie van die AKV word die volgende gesê: 
+Op kerkleiding vlak was dit reeds onder die leiding van prof. 
+Johan Buitendag duidelik dat ’n groep binne die Kerk ’n nuwe 
+rigting ingeslaan het en die Kerk wou saamneem. Die selektiewe 
+Colloquium was ’n belangrike rigtingaanduider. Een van die 
+sake aldaar was die beplande eenwording (struktureel) met die 
+HKSA. Die Kerk was nie reg vir die vinnige verandering van 
+rigting nie en die Buitendag Kommissie is uitgestem. Agter die 
+skerms is daar steeds hard gewoeker en dit was veral ten opsigte 
+van sake rondom ekumene waarop die meeste fokus geplaas is. 
+(steedsHervormers 2012c)
+Uit hierdie aanhaling is dit duidelik dat lidmate van 
+inligting voorsien is wat beskou kan word as disinformasie. 
+Strukturele eenwording tussen die Hervormde Kerk en 
+die Hervormde Kerk in Suidelike-Afrika (HKSA), tans die 
+Maranatha Reformed Church of Christ (MRCC) was en is 
+nog nooit deur die Kommissie beplan nie, behalwe dat dit 
+tydens die WARC besoek bespreek is sonder om dit verder 
+te voer. Die ‘Buitendag Kommissie’ is ook nie uitgestem nie, 
+maar was volgens die rotasiebeginsel, soos voorgeskryf in 
+die Kerkorde, nie weer verkiesbaar nie.
+Uit hierdie enkele voorbeelde is dit duidelik dat die onlangse 
+gebeure in die Hervormde Kerk gekenmerk is deur ’n 
+ongekende vlak van informasie en disinformasie, waardeur 
+lidmate deurlopend blootgestel is aan opponerende 
+en verwarrende standpunte. Hierdie nuwe vorme van 
+kommunikasie het die kerklike speelveld onherroeplik 
+verander. Kerklike gebeure, debat en besluitneming vind 
+nie meer agter toe deure van vergaderings op grond van 
+teologiese refleksie plaas nie, maar het deel geword van die 
+openbare debat. Lidmate, selfs dié met min of geen begrip 
+van teologiese vraagstukke, lewer uitsprake oor teologie as 
+wetenskap. Drukgroepe, modaliteite en bewegings kan met 
+relatief min moeite organiseer en uitsprake maak wat wyd 
+kommunikeer. 
+
+Original Research
+Original Research
+http://www.hts.org.za
+doi:10.4102/hts.v70i1.2054
+Page 10 of 16
+Die Hervormde Kerk sal nou en in die toekoms daarmee 
+moet rekening hou dat elke debat ’n openbare debat sal 
+wees. Die postmoderne tydsgees, waarin alle institusionele 
+gesag óf bevraagteken óf geïgnoreer word, is ’n werklikheid 
+waarmee die Hervormde Kerk rekening sal moet hou. Ek is 
+ook van mening dat die gebruik van media ’n beduidende 
+rol gespeel het in die verdeeldheid wat toenemend sigbaar 
+geword het.
+Die rol van organisasies
+Kort na die 69e AKV is daar begin om lidmate wat gekant 
+was teen Besluit 54, bymekaar te bring en die verset teen 
+Besluit 54 te koördineer. Die rol wat verskillende organisasies 
+hierin gespeel het, mag nie onderskat word nie. Daar was 
+veral drie organisasies wat ’n belangrike rol gespeel het in 
+onlangse gebeure, te wete die HCM Fourie Vriendekring, 
+die Hervormde Kerkvereniging en steedsHervormers. Daar 
+kon nie inligting verkry word oor die JHWH Hervormde 
+Studente Vereniging nie, aangesien die webblad geblokkeer 
+word. Ek is wel bewus daarvan dat pogings aangewend is 
+om teologiese studente op kampe te neem om hulle in te lig 
+oor die afwykende tendense in die kerk. 
+Die ruimte ontbreek om op die geskiedenis en grondwet van 
+elkeen van hierdie organisasies in te gaan. Dit kan aanvaar 
+word dat bogenoemde organisasies instrumenteel daartoe 
+was dat die kerklike afskeiding kon plaasvind. Regsgeleerdes 
+het predikante en gemeentes van advies bedien oor 
+moontlikhede hoe ‘onafhanklikheid’ bestuur kan word. 
+Hoe het die proses verloop?
+Die sosiale media, advertensies in koerante, internet en Koers 
+is benut om lidmate op te roep na byeenkomste waar verset 
+teen Besluit 54 gekoördineer kon word. Die ‘reëlingskomitee’ 
+rig die volgende uitnodiging aan lidmate in Koers van 
+Desember 2012: 
+Gemeentes en lidmate kom op streeksbasis op 28 Januarie en 4 
+Februarie dwarsdeur die Kerk byeen om vas te stel wat ons te 
+doen staan. Die Noord-Kaap kom byeen op Vryburg 10 vm 28 
+Januarie by die Hervormde Kerk. Dr. Malan Storm, gewese Skriba 
+van die Algemene Kerkvergadering, sal DV ook teenwoordig 
+wees. U dringende teenwoordigheid kan verhinder dat u vir die 
+res van u lewe al ongelukkiger word oor die aftakeling van die 
+karakter van ons volkskerk. Maak hierdie oproep wyd bekend in 
+u gemeente. (Kotzé 2012:1)
+Persone soos dr. Johan Otto (Gemeente Premiermyn) het deur 
+Suid-Afrika gereis, vergaderings gehou en op die wyse is 
+kritiek teen die besluite van die AKV en die handelinge van die 
+Kommissie van die AKV wyd bekend gemaak. Voortvloeiend 
+uit hierdie byeenkomste, het ’n tweede organisasie tot stand 
+gekom, onder die naam steedsHervormers. Dit het uitgeloop 
+op ’n formaliseringsvergadering (steedsHervormers 2012b) 
+wat op 02 Junie 2012 te Gemeente Meyerspark plaasgevind 
+het (vgl. steedsHervormers 2012c). By die vergadering is dr. 
+Otto as voorsitter van steedsHervormers verkies. In Koers 
+van Januarie lees ons:
+Op grond van die huidige geloofskrisis in die Kerk besluit ons as 
+gemeentes en lidmate van die NHKA om ons te versamel as ’n 
+konfessionele groep met die naam ‘steedsHervormers’. Hiermee 
+wil ons te kenne gee dat:
+• 
+ons steeds onsself as lidmate van die NHKA sien en die 
+voortsetting van die NHKA wil dien;
+• 
+ons nie onsself van die NHKA wil wegskeur nie;
+• 
+ons onsself vereenselwig met die teologiese tradisie van die 
+NHKA.
+As steedsHervormers wil ons getrou bly aan die trotse tradisie 
+en geskiedenis van die Hervormde Kerk. (steedsHervormers 
+2012a)
+Ten spyte van hierdie aanvanklike standpunt (in Januarie 
+2012) dat die steedsHervormers as deel van die Hervormde 
+Kerk wil leef en werk, het dit teen Januarie 2013 dermate 
+verander dat die Geloofsbond van Onafhanklike Hervormde Kerke 
+gestig is. Die stigting van die Geloofsbond is voorafgegaan 
+deur ’n proses wat feitlik identies in elke ‘onafhanklike’ 
+gemeente verloop het:
+• 
+Die gemeente word ingelig van afwykende leer in die 
+Hervormde Kerk.
+• 
+Die gemeente word ingelig dat die kerk se besluit oor 
+apartheid hulle blootstel aan regstellende aksie en dat 
+hulle eiendom as deel van ’n restitusieprogram geëis kan 
+word. Die gemeentevergadering besluit in beginsel dat 
+die gemeente se eiendom ‘beveilig’ moet word. 
+• 
+Die gemeente se predikant bedank as predikant en 
+lidmaat van die Hervormde Kerk en herbelê sy pensioen. 
+• 
+Die gemeentevergadering stig ’n vereniging en die 
+gemeente se eiendom word na die vereniging oorgedra 
+om dit te ‘beveilig’. 
+• 
+Die gemeente verklaar homself onafhanklik van die 
+Hervormde Kerk.
+Op grond van regsadvies van advokate, was gemeentes 
+onder die indruk dat hulle outonoom bestaan en as 
+selfstandige regspersoon besluite kan neem en kan beskik 
+oor eiendom sonder inspraak van die Raad van Finansies, die 
+Ringskommissie of Algemene Kommissie. Die basiese fout 
+in hierdie proses was dat van die veronderstelling uitgegaan 
+is dat slegs die Kerkorde ter sake is, terwyl reformatoriese 
+kerkregering op vyf bronne berus (in volgorde van 
+belangrikheid): Die Woord van God, Belydenisskrifte, 
+die Kerkorde, besluite van vergaderings van die ampte en 
+kerklike usansie. 
+Die hele proses van predikante wat bedank en as 
+‘onafhanklike predikant’ gemeentes bedien, vervreemding 
+van eiendom en onafhanklikheid van gemeentes is nie net 
+strydig met die bepalings van die Kerkorde nie, maar ook 
+besluite van vergaderings en kerklike usansie. Dit het die 
+situasie bykans onhanteerbaar gemaak, aangesien die 
+Kerkorde en die opsighoudende vergaderings van die 
+Hervormde Kerk willens en wetens verontagsaam is. Hierdie 
+proses en aannames sal eersdaags in die hof getoets word. 
+
+Original Research
+Original Research
+http://www.hts.org.za
+doi:10.4102/hts.v70i1.2054
+Page 11 of 16
+Ideologiese verskille
+In sy toeligting van die Beswaarskrif tydens die Buitengewone 
+Algemene Kerkvergadering, het dr. Johan Otto die volgende 
+stelling gemaak:
+Ek wil dit nou aan u onomwonde stel, selfs ons eerste reaksie ’n 
+jaar gelede was nie teen die apartheid deel van die besluit wat 
+geneem is nie. Ons het ’n probleem met die teologie wat so ’n 
+besluit moontlik maak, ongeag die konteks waarin die besluit 
+geneem is, dit dui op ’n nuwe teologie wat nie in die Hervormde 
+Kerk was nie. Hierdie nuwe teologie is op twee maniere vir ons 
+onaanvaarbaar: Die eerste is dat dit ’n bevrydingsteologie is 
+en daaruit loop dat dit teologie vervlak tot ’n horisontale saak. 
+(NHKA 2011:75) 
+In publikasies en openbare optrede van die steedsHervormers 
+is hierdie standpunt voortdurend herhaal: Al handel 
+Besluit 54 oor apartheid en die teologiese regverdiging van 
+apartheid, gaan die besware teen Besluit 54 nie om apartheid 
+nie maar om die teologie wat agter Besluit 54 sit. Is dit egter 
+die volle prentjie? Uit die volgende voorbeelde sal dit duidelik 
+word dat dit óók om apartheid gaan.
+As eerste voorbeeld kan verwys word die Beswaarskrif wat 
+gedien het by die Buitengewone Algemene Kerkvergadering 
+(BAKV). Daarin word die volgende stelling gemaak:
+1.6. Ons maak beswaar daarteen dat afsonderlike ontwikkeling 
+as die vreedsame naasbestaan van mense sondermeer veroordeel 
+word. Hierdie besluit spreek teen homself. Aan die een kant 
+word afwysend gepraat van goedkeur/afkeur en direk daarna 
+word ’n besondere deel van ‘n vorige staatsbestel se politiek tot 
+kettery verklaar. (NHKA 2011:38)
+Hieruit is dit duidelik dat die Beswaarskrif nie net die 
+teologie agter Besluit 54 wil aanspreek nie. Afsonderlike 
+ontwikkeling (apartheid) word gedefinieer as ’n ‘vreedsame 
+naasbestaan van mense’ en die veroordeling daarvan word 
+afgewys. Hierdie stelling van die Beswaarskrif, dat apartheid 
+vreedsame naasbestaan bevorder, hanteer apartheid as 
+’n teoretiese aangeleentheid. Die praktyk van gedwonge 
+verskuiwings, politieke moorde en ekonomiese ontmagtiging 
+deur werkreservering word nooit aangespreek nie. Die 
+kritiese vraag is egter: Kan ons teorie en praktyk op die wyse 
+skei?
+’n Tweede voorbeeld: Otto, as voorsitter van die 
+steedsHervormers, skryf in Koers van Januarie 2012 die 
+volgende: ‘Naskrif: Koers is nou die amptelike mondstuk van 
+steedsHervormers. Die elektroniese weeklikse uitgawe word 
+eersdaags geloods’ (Otto 2013:1). 
+’n Amptelike mondstuk van ’n organisasie publiseer sekerlik 
+persoonlike menings van mense. Die organisasie bly egter 
+verantwoordelik vir dit wat gepubliseer word. Indien die 
+redakteur standpunte stel wat strydig met die organisasie 
+of kerk se standpunte is, kan verwag word dat sulke 
+standpunte in ’n volgende uitgawe reggestel of gerepudieer 
+sal word. Indien nie, meen ek dat ’n mens redelikerwys kan 
+aanvaar dat die organisasie homself met die standpunte van 
+die redakteur vereenselwig.
+In Koers (Mei 2012) lees ons die volgende kritiek teen 
+‘integrasie’ en die huidige regering uit die pen van die 
+redakteur, prof. H.G. van der Westhuizen (2012b): 
+Dit is natuurlik waar dat baie swartes nog, gebonde aan die 
+kringloop van die natuur, nie vooruit dink en beplan en werk 
+om ’n ideale lewensverheffing in die toekoms te bereik nie. As 
+hulle dan in hulle bestaansekonomie die geleentheid kry om te 
+steel, doen hulle dit – al ís hulle ook al op ministersvlak. … Dit ís 
+sekerlik nie die standpunt van alle swartes nie, maar as jy langs 
+’n swart gemeenskap (lokasie, plakkersdorp of township) woon, 
+wonder jy dikwels hoe ’n groot persentasie die lewenswyse 
+van steel beoefen. … Saambestaan op die basis van integrasie 
+vereís die aflegging van jou lewens- en wêreldbeskouing, 
+jou waardering van eie kultuurgoedere, jou hoogstaande 
+arbeidsetiek, jou vooruitbeplanning en najaging van ideale en 
+nog soveel meer. 
+Die waardering vir apartheid (en uitgesproke rassisme) in 
+die amptelike mondstuk van die steedsHervormers (Oktober 
+2012) word nog duideliker wanneer Van der Westhuizen 
+(2012a) die volgende skryf: 
+Sedert die revolusie van 1994 in ons staat het die uitdrukking van 
+die reënboognasie herhaaldelik voorgekom en bekend geword. 
+Waarskynlik lê die oorsprong daarvan by die staatskapelaan dr. 
+Desmond Tutu, die emeritus Anglikaanse aartsbiskop.
+Kyk mens na die kleure van die reënboognasie ís dit allermins 
+’n mooi prentjie. Want swart, wat as kleur nie eers in ’n 
+reënboog voorkom nie, wil al die ander kleure opvreet. Dit ís 
+net swartbemagtiging vroeg en laat. Is swartes dan nie in staat 
+om eers in ’n vrye land op meriete hulle merk te maak in die 
+ekonomie, die staatsdiens, die provinsies, die munisipaliteite, 
+die skole, hospitale, kolleges, universiteite, verenigings, polisie, 
+weermag, boerdery, sport en so meer nie?
+Moord, verkragting, roof, misdaad neem hand oor hand toe. 
+Die skokkendste berigte van uitbuiting, onaanvaarbaarhede 
+en Afrikanervolksontbening trek ’n swart streep deur ’n 
+ordentlike beskaafde samelewing. Geestelike weë op morele 
+hoë grond word opgebrokkel soos die slaggate ín ons gewone 
+teerpaaie. Waar ís die prag en skoonheid, die estetiese van ’n 
+reënboognasie? Dit ís galge humor en karikatuur.
+Die 
+gesonde 
+eiesoortige 
+ontwikkelingsgedagte 
+wat 
+die 
+grondslag van afsonderlike ontwikkeling op staatkundige 
+gebied was, was eerder ’n beeld van die reënboog. Wanneer die 
+verskillende swart volke in Suider-Afrika elkeen hulle eie staat 
+met eie kultuurinhoude, taal en lewensbestane sou hê, naas en 
+in harmonie met Afrikaner, Kleurlinge en Indiër regerings en 
+groeibodems, sou dit wel kon kwalifiseer as ’n reënboogstatery 
+van Suider-Afrikaanse nasies.
+Dit is ook opvallend dat Die Afrikaner, lyfblad van die 
+Herstigte Nasionale Party (HNP), breedvoerig en in talle 
+uitgawes aan die Besluit 54 aandag gegee het. In beriggewing 
+in die uitgawe van 03–09 Februarie 2012, geskryf deur Anita 
+Morkel (2012), word verwys na korrespondensie vanaf die 
+Kommissie van die AKV aan lidmate wat, soos sy dit noem, 
+‘beswaar maak teen die besluit dat apartheid sonde is.’ 
+Berigte in Die Afrikaner laat min twyfel dat die goedkeuring 
+of afkeuring van apartheid ‘n prominente deel van die debat 
+uitmaak.
+
+Original Research
+Original Research
+http://www.hts.org.za
+doi:10.4102/hts.v70i1.2054
+Page 12 of 16
+Dit is bekend dat verskeie van die leiersfigure van die 
+steedsHervormers aktiewe lede van die HNP of die 
+Afrikaner Volksparty was en is. Wanneer die webblaaie van 
+die partye besoek word, figureer van die genoemde persone 
+prominent. Die betrokke politieke partye is steeds ten gunste 
+van selfbeskikking en selfregering vir die Afrikanervolk in ’n 
+blanke gebied. 
+Standpunte van individuele lidmate dui ook daarop dat die 
+saak van apartheid vir hulle van kardinale belang was en is. 
+Die Kommissie van die AKV het verskeie briewe in ontvangs 
+geneem, waarvan ek gedeeltes uit een as voorbeeld aanhaal 
+(vgl. J.S. Knoesen [2012] aan die Skriba, Kommissie van die 
+AKV, gedateer 07 September 2012):
+Dit is tog mos ’n beginselsaak wat ons naby aan die hart lê 
+en dat indien van ons blanke kerk slegs in die geringste wyse 
+afgewyk word, sal ons sonder die minste huiwering of verdere 
+waarskuwing uit die Kerk bedank. En ek glo, en ek kan sien, 
+want ek is elke Sondag in die Kerk, dat daar alreeds heelwat 
+lidmate uit die Kerk bedank het … sodat ek en andere soos ek 
+wat ons blanke kerkbeginsel eerste stel, die nuwe sogenaamde 
+verwerping van apartheid met alles tot ons beskikking kan beveg. 
+… U valse bewering dat apartheid soos ons dit sedert die ontstaan 
+van Suid-Afrika ken en beleef het ‘nie teologies geregverdig kan 
+word nie’ is totaal onwaar en onsinnig. Apartheid is ’n leefwyse 
+om blankes teen oorrompeling en uitwissing deur ander rasse te 
+beskerm en het niks met teologie te doen nie. … Julle het geen 
+reg om nou julle voorgangers in die Kerk se beleid te herroep nie. 
+… Inderdaad, dit was as gevolg van die uitstekende beleid van 
+apartheid of afsonderlike ontwikkeling dat die Kerk tot stand 
+gekom het en gegroei het tot die Kerk wat dit vandag is. 
+Die brief, wat in my besit is, spreek vanself. Miskien net 
+die een opmerking: Die lidmaat beweer dat die Hervormde 
+Kerk ‘het tot stand gekom en gegroei as gevolg van die 
+uitstekende beleid van apartheid.’ ’n Duideliker voorbeeld 
+van volksteologie en burgerlike godsdiens sal mens nêrens 
+vind nie. 
+Op 02 Junie 2012 het die steedsHervormers (2012e) ’n 
+status confessionis teen die Hervormde Kerk uitgereik. In 
+die dokument word die volgende ten opsigte van die kerk 
+se besluit oor apartheid gestel: ‘Die BAKV se besluit om 
+54/69 te behou, verloën die evangelie van Jesus Christus 
+as die opgestane HERE.’ Die Staat van Belydenis is tydens 
+die formaliseringsvergadering deur die Geloofsbond van 
+Hervormde Gemeentes bekragtig en gehandhaaf. Die 
+teologiese implikasies van Saak 2 in die Staat van Belydenis 
+is ingrypend:
+• 
+Die Hervormde Kerk se besluit dat apartheid nie teologies 
+regverdig kan word nie, verloën die evangelie van Jesus 
+Christus as opgestane Here.
+• 
+Die Hervormde Kerk se besluit dat apartheid nie teologies 
+regverdig kan word nie, is strydig met die Bybel en die 
+belydenis van die kerk.
+• 
+Die Hervormde Kerk se besluit dat apartheid nie teologies 
+regverdig kan word nie, beteken dat die Hervormde Kerk 
+nie meer bely dat Jesus die Verlosser is nie.
+Prakties beteken dit die volgende: Die Hervormde Kerk, as 
+gevolg van sy besluit oor apartheid, het as kerk van Jesus 
+Christus ophou bestaan. Daarom beskou die Geloofsbond 
+homself as die ware voortsetting van die Hervormde Kerk. 
+Verder: Indien ’n lidmaat of ampsdraer van die Hervormde 
+Kerk Besluit 54 steun en van mening is dat die Hervormde 
+Kerk in die verlede gefouteer het om apartheid teologies te 
+begrond, verloën hy of sy Jesus Christus.
+Die vraag is dus: As die lyne so skerp tussen die 
+‘Christusloënaars’ en ‘regsinniges’ getrek word, is gesprek 
+nog enigsins moontlik tussen die Hervormde Kerk en die 
+Geloofsbond van Hervormde Gemeentes? Is dit moontlik 
+om in gesprek te wees, wanneer jou standpunt oor apartheid 
+bepaal of jy Christus verloën of bely as Verlosser?
+Dat die Staat van Belydenis ook om apartheid gaan, is bevestig 
+deur ’n uitspraak waarin die Adjunk-Persombudsman, 
+mnr. Johan Retief (2012), wat op 01 Augustus 2012 teen adv. 
+Renette du Plessis bevind het. In haar voorlegging het Du 
+Plessis beweer dat die besware van lidmate teen Besluit 54 
+nooit oor apartheid gegaan het nie, maar eerder prosedureel 
+en teologies van aard was. Sy het ook ’n saak daarvoor 
+uitgemaak dat die woord ‘apartheid’ nie in die Staat van 
+Belydenis gebruik word nie. 
+In sy beredenering van die saak het mnr. Retief moeite 
+gedoen om die wyer konteks in oënskou te neem, deur onder 
+andere te verwys na opmerkings van ds. Gawie Wolmarans 
+wat op internet verskyn het:
+Ek neem ook hier in ag dat ds. Gawie Wolmarans van die 
+steedsHervormers onlangs op die internet geskryf het: ‘Ek het 
+geen twyfel daaroor dat die notulering van teenstemme oor 
+Besluit 54 (die gewraakte besluit) gedryf is deur ’n woede van 
+die afgevaardigdes oor die indruk dat die eerbare politieke 
+bedoelings en optrede van ons ouers en voorouers nou amptelik 
+deur die Kerk tot sonde verklaar is nie.’ (Retief 2012)
+Daarbenewens wys hy ook op teenstrydighede in Du Plessis 
+se eie argumentvoering. Die bevinding van die Adjunk-
+Persombudsman lui dan soos volg:
+In haar klag skryf Du Plessis: ‘Ek het nie objektiewe beriggewing 
+deur mnr. Neels Jackson verwag nie. Ek het egter nie verwag 
+dat hy die waarheid so blatant sal verdraai nie.’ Sy sê ook: 
+‘Vir sover mnr. Jackson wil voorgee dat die dag se verrigtinge 
+en veral die uitroep van die status confessionis met apartheid 
+te doen het, verkondig hy ’n absolute leuen.’ Ek het bevind dat 
+Jackson geregverdig was in sy beriggewing. Bogenoemde kwetsende 
+opmerkings was daarom ongelukkig, ongevraag en sonder basis 
+– en ek meen dat Du Plessis hom ‘n verskoning verskuldig is 
+of, op die minste, dat sy haar woorde sal terugtrek. Ek het egter 
+geen jurisdiksie oor haar nie en kan haar daarom nie dwing om 
+dit te doen nie. (Retief 2012, [outeur se beklemtoning])
+Ek kan, op grond van historiese navorsing en ook dokumente 
+wat vrylik op die internet beskikbaar is, nie anders as om 
+tot die gevolgtrekking te kom dat die vurk in die pad nie net 
+teologies van aard is nie, maar ook ideologies. 
+
+Original Research
+Original Research
+http://www.hts.org.za
+doi:10.4102/hts.v70i1.2054
+Page 13 of 16
+Verskille in teologiese denke
+Sedert die 69e AKV (2010) is Hervormde dosente verbonde 
+aan die Fakulteit Teologie, àan die Universiteit van Pretoria 
+elkeen persoonlik uitgewys in terme van afwykende teologie. 
+Daarvan was ekself getuie. By ’n geleentheid te Gemeente 
+Zeerust op 17 Februarie 2013, waar ekself en dr. Johan Otto as 
+sprekers opgetree het, het hy moeite gedoen om elkeen van 
+die huidige dosente se afwykende teologie aan die gemeente 
+te openbaar. In my eie geval, is aangetoon dat ek afwyk van 
+die tradisionele volkskerklike apostolaat deur missionale 
+kerkwees te bevorder. 
+Soos reeds aangetoon, word beweer dat dit nie om apartheid 
+gaan nie maar om teologiese dwaling wat in die kerk 
+teenwoordig is. So lees ons in die onafhanklikheidsverklaring 
+van Gemeente Premiermyn op 22 Oktober 2012:
+Die Hervormde Kerk het veral vanaf die 90-jare van die 
+vorige eeu die Bybels-reformatoriese teologie begin versaak. 
+Aangevuur deur die drif om deel van die ekumeniese wêreld te 
+word, en dit ten koste van ons Reformatoriese erfenis, is die Kerk 
+se teologie vervlak. Hierdie wegbeweeg word direk toegeskryf 
+aan die afwykende teologiese tendense ten opsigte van die 
+Skrif, die Belydenis, asook die Reformatoriese liturgie van die 
+Kerk. Hierdie afwykende tendense word in snelgroeiende 
+maat waargeneem in die Kerk se teologiese arbeid, publikasies 
+en elektroniese media, uitsprake van veral geleerde teoloë en 
+vergaderings. (vgl. NHKA 2012b)
+Die fundamentele argument wat aangevoer word, is dat 
+Besluit 54 vanuit die bevrydingsteologie begrond word. Dit 
+word soos volg geformuleer:
+Ons maak beswaar teen die inhoud van besluit 54 van die 69ste 
+AKV. Ons het dit teen die teologiese inhoud van die besluit, 
+asook die haelgeweerskoot-effek van ’n besluit wat duidelik 
+nie goed oorweeg is nie. Ons teologiese besware hou met die 
+volgende verband:
+• 
+Die besluit bring die bevrydingsteologie in die Kerk in.
+• 
+Daar word ’n vreemde evangelie verkondig wat nét die 
+horisontale in ag neem.
+Daar word ’n vreemde mensbeeld in die besluit verwoord. 
+(steedsHervormers 2012f)
+Die kerk se teologiese dosente is daarvan beskuldig dat hulle 
+die Bybels-reformatoriese teologie versaak het en nou ’n 
+vrysinnige en/of bevrydingsteologie aanhang en propageer. 
+Die mening word dikwels uitgespreek dat dit die dosente se 
+‘bevrydingsteologie’ was wat die ‘afwykende’ besluite van 
+die AKV voorberei en aangestook het. Weereens sal enkele 
+voorbeelde die saak illustreer:
+Die optrede van ons as steedsHervormers binne die Kerk het ’n 
+lang aanloop gehad en het alles met teologie en weinig met mag 
+of politiek te make. Op teologiese vlak moet die wending in die 
+Kerk op twee vlakke aangedui word. Aan die een kant was daar 
+al hoe meer ’n vrysinnigheid in die teologie te bespeur, met die 
+boek van AG van Aarde as die duidelikste baken van ’n teologie 
+wat geloof ondergrawe. Nie net die maagdelike verwekking 
+van Jesus is in die spervuur nie, maar ook die opstanding. Die 
+kanon word as oop hanteer (met ander woorde boeke soos die 
+Thomas-evangelie word byvoorbeeld gesien as ’n belangrike 
+bron vir teologie-beoefening), en die band tussen Ou Testament 
+en Nuwe Testament word ontken. Teen hierdie agtergrond is dit 
+belangrik om net weer te stel dat dit die nuwe teologie is, wat 
+die besluite wat geneem is, moontlik maak. Die Kerk se nuwe 
+teologie, soos aangedryf deur die meeste van die dosente, het 
+ook sy oorsprong in die vrysinnigheid en humanisme wat so eie 
+is aan die huidige fakulteit aan ’n staatsinstansie.
+Besluit 54/69 kon slegs geneem word, indien ’n sekere soort 
+teologie oorheers. Die bevrydingsteologie wat op die mens 
+fokus, is die agtergrond van anti-apartheidsbesluite in die 
+verlede in ander kerkgroepe. 
+Die opvolgbesluit herroep ook enige ondersteuning aan 
+afsonderlikheid in die verlede, die saak van bevrydingsteologie 
+staan soveel sterker in die nuwe besluit. (vgl. steedsHervormers 
+2012c)
+Die implikasie van hierdie argument is dat Besluit 54 nie 
+vanuit ’n Bybels-reformatoriese teologie begrond kan word 
+nie. Dit is wel korrek dat daar, histories gesproke, vanuit die 
+bevrydingsteologie skerp kritiek teen apartheid uitgespreek 
+is. Dit is tegelykertyd foutief om te redeneer dat teologiese 
+kritiek teen apartheid beperk is tot bevrydingsteologie. 
+Na die Tweede Wêreldoorlog het talle teoloë, wat op geen 
+manier as bevrydingsteoloë geklassifiseer kan word nie, 
+skerp kritiek teen die teologiese regverdiging van apartheid 
+uitgespreek. ’n Oorsig van dié kritiek kan gevind word in 
+Hofmeyr, Lombaard en Maritz (2001) asook Van Butselaar 
+(2001). 
+Die kritiese vraag is: Hoe reflekteer ons teologies oor 
+ongeregtigheid wat tydens die apartheidsjare (en wat die 
+kerk reeds in 2001 erken en bely het) plaasgevind het? Hoe 
+praat ons binne die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks oor gedeeltes 
+in die Ou- en Nuwe Testament wat onomwonde die eis tot 
+sosiale geregtigheid stel? En wat maak ons daarmee dat 
+Calvyn besonder baie oor sosiale geregtigheid geskryf het 
+(bv. sy De Clementia), wat opgevolg is deur Theodor Beza 
+se De iure magistratuum in subitos, et officio subitorum erga 
+magistratus (vgl. Dreyer 1996)? ’n Mens hoef maar net iets te 
+lees soos dr. William Innes (1983) se gepubliseerde proefskrif 
+Social concern in Calvin’s Geneva, om te besef dat sosiale 
+geregtigheid volledig deel was van die reformasie (vgl. ook 
+Dreyer 1995:24–25). 
+Dit is fundamenteel belangrik dat ’n kerk wat homself as 
+reformatories beskou, altyd weer hervorm. Hervorming kan 
+nie lukraak geskied nie. Kerkhervorming kan alleen op grond 
+van die Skrif en grondige teologies nadenke geskied. Daarom 
+is dit noodsaaklik dat teologiese standpunte van die verlede 
+deurlopend krities evalueer en verander word, indien nodig. 
+’n Klassieke voorbeeld hiervan is die Hervormde Kerk se 
+besluit in 1976 om vrouens tot die amp toe te laat. 
+Om krities met die verlede en teologiese uitsprake om te 
+gaan, is nie per definisie bevrydingsteologie nie – inteendeel 
+– dit is per definisie reformatoriese teologie. Dit is veral só, 
+waar ‘n kerk erns maak met die reformatoriese slagspreuk 
+ecclesia reformata, semper reformanda. 
+
+Original Research
+Original Research
+http://www.hts.org.za
+doi:10.4102/hts.v70i1.2054
+Page 14 of 16
+Die beskuldiging van dwaalleer is so wyd deur die kerk 
+versprei, dat dit die dosente van die Hervormde Kerk 
+genoop het om op 18 Julie 2011 ’n verklaring uit te reik, wat 
+elkeen met sy of haar handtekening bevestig het. Dit is ook 
+opgeneem in die Agenda van die 70e AKV:
+Ons, die ondergetekende dosente, bevestig met ons handtekening 
+dat ons steeds, soos in die verlede, die leer van die kerk, soos 
+uitgedruk in die drie Ekumeniese Geloofsbelydenisse en die 
+Drie Formuliere van Eenheid, van harte onderskryf. (NHKA 
+2013:83–84)
+Die verklaring deur die dosente het weinig daartoe bygedra 
+om bewerings van dwaalleer te besweer. Dit het na die 
+Buitengewone Algemene Kerkvergadering in intensiteit 
+toegeneem. Een voorbeeld sal dit voldoende illustreer:
+’n Klagskrif is op 18 Junie 2012 by die Kommissie van die 
+AKV teen prof. A.G. van Aarde ingedien. Die klagskrif is 
+deur die Sekundus Kommissie van die AKV na die klaers 
+terugverwys, aangesien daar nie ’n broederlike gesprek met 
+prof. Van Aarde gevoer is nie. Op 06 Augustus 2012 het die 
+broederlike gesprek tussen adv. Renette du Plessis, br. Johann 
+Hurter en prof. A.G. van Aarde te Gemeente Wapadrant 
+plaasgevind (vgl. notule van die broederlike gesprek soos 
+opgeneem in NHKA 2012a:13–17). Adv. Du Plessis se dogter 
+was ook teenwoordig. 
+Tydens die broederlike gesprek is indringende vrae aan 
+Van Aarde gestel. Sy navorsing oor die historiese Jesus 
+het pertinent aan die orde gekom. Volgens die notule van 
+die verrigtinge is daar herhaaldelik aan prof. Van Aarde 
+‘gevra of hy glo in die opstanding.’ Hy het herhaaldelik die 
+geloofsbelydenis uitgespreek:
+dat hy glo met sy hele wese in Jesus Christus, ware God en ware 
+mens en in sy opstanding uit die dood. Dit is ’n geloofsbelydenis 
+wat egter nie histories bewysbaar is nie. (NHKA 2012a:16)
+Op die vraag of die klaers sy geloofsbelydenis aanvaar, 
+was die antwoord dat hulle dit aanvaar, maar nie seker is 
+dat hulle dieselfde onder geloof verstaan as Van Aarde nie. 
+Direk na afloop van die slotgebed, wou Van Aarde die klaers 
+groet. Adv. Du Plessis en br. Hurter het hom ’n handdruk 
+gegee. Toe hy sy hand na mej. Du Plessis uitsteek was haar 
+woorde ‘ek is jammer professor, maar ek skud nie hande met 
+die duiwel nie’ (NHKA 2012a:17).
+Dit is opvallend dat die klaers probeer aantoon het dat die 
+kerk se geloof nie metafories verstaan moet word nie, maar 
+letterlik en histories. Van Aarde het probeer aantoon dat 
+‘metafories’ nie beteken dat iets onwaar is nie, maar dat een 
+saak in terme van ’n ander beskryf en verstaan word.
+Uit 
+die 
+notule 
+word 
+die 
+prinsipiële 
+verskille 
+in 
+Skrifbeskouing tussen die klaers en Van Aarde duidelik. Die 
+klaers se argumentasie vertoon ’n sterk konfessionalistiese 
+Skrifbeskouing wat geen ruimte laat vir die beoefening van 
+kritiese teologie nie.
+Enkele kerkregtelike opmerkings
+In Beeld van 30 Julie 2013 verskyn ’n artikel, geskryf deur 
+Neels Jackson, onder die opskrif ‘13 Kerke wat NHK los, 
+begin nuut’ (Jackson 2013). Die berig is geskryf na aanleiding 
+van die eerste vergadering wat die Geloofsbond van 
+Hervormde Gemeentes wat van 28–30 Julie 2013 te Gemeente 
+Tuine plaasgevind het. Hy skryf soos volg:
+Dertien gemeentes wat die afgelope jaar van die Hervormde 
+Kerk weggebreek het, het gister ’n ‘nuwe begin’ gemaak met 
+die eerste vergadering van die Geloofsbond van Hervormde 
+Gemeentes. Dié vergadering is gehou in die gemeente Pretoria-
+Tuine, die eerste gemeente wat besluit het om hom van die 
+Hervormde Kerk los te maak.
+Dr. André Botma, voorsitter, het herhaaldelik beklemtoon dat 
+dié vergadering nie neerkom op die stigting van ’n nuwe kerk 
+nie. Die onderskeie gemeentes behou hul onafhanklikheid, maar 
+die Geloofsbond sal die samewerking tussen die gemeentes reël.
+Die Geloofsbond het hom gister verbind tot die Bybel en die 
+belydenisskrifte. Botma het aan die begin van die vergadering 
+gesê daar is twee goed waaroor daar konsensus is. Om by die 
+Geloofsbond in te skakel moet ’n gemeente die belydenisse 
+onderskryf en die gedagte van ’n volkskerk aanvaar as ’n manier 
+om die evangelie uit te dra.
+Daar is ook besluit om die Staat van Belydenis te handhaaf wat 
+beswaarde lidmate in 2012 teenoor die Hervormde Kerk verklaar 
+het. Dié Staat van Belydenis het ’n rits klagtes oor die Hervormde 
+Kerk se teologie geopper. Dit kom onder meer daarop neer dat 
+die kerk die evangelie van verlossing in Jesus Christus verruil 
+het vir ’n horisontale teologie. Dié beskuldiging is herhaaldelik 
+deur die Hervormde Kerk verwerp.
+Die Geloofsbond het ’n komitee aangewys wat ’n kerkorde vir die 
+Geloofsbond moet opstel en ’n kuratorium wat die opleiding en 
+toelating van predikante moet hanteer. Geloofsbondvergaderings 
+gaan jaarliks gehou word. (Jackson 2013)
+In die aanloop tot die vergadering van die Geloofsbond, is 
+daar deurlopend aan die Kommissie van die AKV gestel dat 
+die ‘onafhanklike’ gemeentes, steeds deel van die Hervormde 
+Kerk is. Die Kommissie se interpretasie van die gebeure 
+was dat dit neerkom op ‘n kerklike afskeiding en dat die 
+gemeentes, predikante en lidmate wat hulleself ‘onafhanklik’ 
+verklaar, nie meer regtens deel van die Hervormde Kerk is 
+nie. Hulle het hulleself deur hulle optrede afgesny van die 
+kerk. Immers, volgens die Handboek van die Afrikaanse Taal 
+en die Oxford Dictionary beteken die woorde ‘onafhanklik/
+independent’ ‘vry, selfstandig, nie-onderworpe, selfregerend, 
+outonoom, selfregulerend en finansieel selfversorgend.’ Die 
+gebeure van 28–30 Julie 2013 bevestig die standpunt van 
+die Kommissie. In hierdie persberig is die volgende sake 
+opvallend:
+• 
+Daar word nie ’n nuwe kerk gestig nie. Dit is ’n 
+Geloofsbond van onafhanklike gemeentes wat hulleself 
+onafhanklik van die NHKA verklaar het. Dit beteken 
+dat elke gemeente op sy eie ’n onafhanklike kerk vorm. 
+Daar is dus vir die huidige nie ’n sinodale verband nie. 
+Dit word uitdruklik verwoord met die term ecclesia 
+completa wat telkens gebruik word. Dit is ’n tipiese 
+kongregasionalistiese en independentistiese model van 
+kerkwees. 
+
+Original Research
+Original Research
+http://www.hts.org.za
+doi:10.4102/hts.v70i1.2054
+Page 15 of 16
+• 
+Die 13 betrokke gemeentes (kerke) verbind hulleself aan 
+mekaar op grond van die Bybel as die Woord van God, 
+die Drie Formuliere van Eenheid en die volkskerklike 
+beginsel (’n kerk vir Afrikaners).
+• 
+Die Staat van Belydenis word die onderskeidende kriterium 
+wat hulle van die Hervormde Kerk onderskei. Dit is ’n 
+dokument wat bepaalde teologiese uitgangspunte uitspel. 
+Daarmee saam beoog hulle ’n eie Kuratorium, teologiese 
+opleiding en ordening van predikante. (Jackson 2013)
+Ek meen dat daarmee die proses van afskeiding voltrek is. 
+Daar kan geen twyfel meer wees dat die gemeentes (kerke) 
+hulleself buite die Hervormde Kerk gestel het nie. Die gebeure 
+rondom die stigting van die Geloofsbond van Hervormde 
+Gemeentes, dui daarop dat die betrokke gemeentes en lidmate 
+hulle van die Hervormde Kerk afgeskei het. Die vestiging van 
+’n onafhanklike kerklike struktuur, ’n eie identiteit, naam en 
+dokumente met konfessionele uitgangspunte kan nie anders 
+verstaan word as ’n kerklike afskeiding nie.
+Daar is talle voorbeelde in die wêreld waar gemeentes hulleself 
+‘onafhanklik’ verklaar om dan net weer nuwe verhoudings 
+met ander gemeentes en kerke te vestig. In die geskiedenis 
+van gereformeerde kerke bestaan daar talle voorbeelde 
+hiervan, onder andere in Skotland en Nederland in die 
+negentiende eeu. Die Gereformeerde Kerke (Vrijgemaakt) in 
+Nederland se ‘vrymaking’ van die Gereformeerde Sinode in 
+1944 is ’n tipiese voorbeeld. 
+Ook in die VSA, met die Restoration Movement aan die 
+begin van die twintigste eeu en die vestiging van die 
+Independent Churches in 1930, het onafhanklike kerke ’n 
+algemene verskynsel geword. Die beweging was gekant teen 
+modernistiese tendense in die teologie en gevestigde kerke. 
+Volgens Wikipedia (s.a.), het die onafhanklike kerke in die 
+VSA in 1996 die Independent Fundamental Churches of 
+America (IFCA) gevorm.
+Onafhanklike 
+kerke 
+wêreldwyd 
+vertoon 
+’n 
+kongregasionalistiese struktuur. Gemeentes funksioneer 
+selfstandig van mekaar en enige binding aan ander gemeentes 
+vind plaas op grond van die belydenisskrifte. Sulke 
+gemeentes kom dan ooreen om ’n bepaalde struktuur van 
+samewerking te skep. Ek is van mening dat die Geloofsbond 
+van 
+Hervormde 
+Gemeentes 
+tipies 
+kongregasioneel, 
+konfessionalisties en independentisties funksioneer.
+Die Geloofsbond van Hervormde Gemeentes het ook besluit 
+dat die Kerkorde van die NHKA vir die interim in gemeentes 
+sal geld, maar dat daar gekyk sal word na ’n nuwe kerkorde. 
+Die oomblik as ’n eie kerkorde ter sprake kom, praat ons 
+van ’n eie en selfstandige kerkverband. ’n Kerkorde verbind 
+gemeentes de iure en organies aan mekaar. Die kerkorde, 
+soos die belydenisskrifte, gee uitdrukking aan kerklike 
+eenheid. Wanneer ’n ampsdraer of gemeente in sy besluite 
+en handelinge die kerkorde negeer, word die eenheid met 
+die res van die gemeentes opgehef. Dit is die implikasie van 
+die proponentsformule asook die vrae wat aan lidmate gevra 
+word tydens die hulle openbare belydenis van geloof. 
+Kerklike eenheid kom primêr tot uitdrukking in die kerk 
+se belydenis. In Ordereël 1 van die Kerkorde (NHKA 
+2010:1–2) is dit baie duidelik dat die belydenis en leer van 
+die Hervormde Kerk ook in teologiese onderrig en uitsprake 
+reflekteer. Wanneer die Geloofsbond dit uitdruklik stel 
+dat daar reeds oor teologiese sake ooreengekom is, dat ’n 
+eie teologiese opleiding beplan word en dat die AKV se 
+besluite berus op afwykende teologie wat die opstanding 
+van Christus verloën, verbreek ook dít die eenheid met die 
+Hervormde Kerk.
+Ek is dus van mening dat die Kommissie van die AKV korrek 
+was in sy interpretasie van die Kerkorde, dat lidmate wat 
+hulle met die Geloofsbond identifiseer en daarvan lid is, de 
+iure opgehou het om lidmate van die Hervormde Kerk te 
+wees. Die standpunt dat lidmate eers ophou om lidmate van 
+die kerk te wees as hulle self so te kenne gee, hou nie water 
+nie. Dit berus op ’n institusionele kerkbegrip. ’n Lidmaat kan 
+ook deur sy optrede, sonder om formeel te bedank, sy of haar 
+lidmaatskap van die kerk tot niet maak deur strydig met die 
+Kerkorde te handel en/of die leer van die kerk te verwerp.
+Deur ’n struktuur onafhanklik van die Hervormde Kerk 
+te vestig wat bindende besluite neem ten opsigte van leer, 
+teologiese opleiding en orde, het die Geloofsbond van 
+Onafhanklike Hervormde Kerke as ’n selfstandige ‘kerk’ los 
+van die Hervormde Kerk gekonstitueer. 
+Erkenning
+Mededingende belange
+Die outeur verklaar dat hy geen finansiële of persoonlike 
+verbintenis het met enige party wat hom nadelig kon 
+beïnvloed in die skryf van hierdie artikel nie. 
+Literatuurverwysings
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+Afrika, Pretoria.
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+van Afrika, Pretoria.
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diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/945844f747e04fb9.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/945844f747e04fb9.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..16d2e4e5faa5b5c27d905b464ae6f99e469558f4
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@@ -0,0 +1,2875 @@
+Matthew as marginal scribe in an advanced agrarian society
+
+Analysis of 22 references to scribes in the Gospel of Matthew shows that a few of them are positive comments and that the author himself was a scribe. What type of scribe was he and how can we clarify his social context? By means of the models of Lenski and Kautsky, by recent research about scribes, literacy, and power, and by new marginality theory, this article extensively refines Saldarini’s hypothesis that the scribes were “retainers”. The thesis is that in “Matthew’s” Christ-believing group, his scribal profession and literacy meant power and socio-religious status. Yet, his voluntary association with Christ believers (“ideological marginality”), many of whom could not participate in social roles expected of them (“structural marginality”), led to his living between two historical traditions, languages, political loyalties, moral codes, social rankings, and ideological-religious sympathies (“cultural marginality”). The Matthean author’s cultural marginality will help to clarify certain well-known literary tensions in the Gospel of Matthew.
+
+520 
+ 
+HTS 58(2) 2002 
+Matthew as marginal scribe in an advanced 
+agrarian society 
+ 
+D C Duling1 
+Canisius College, Buffalo, New York, USA 
+Research Associate: Department of New Testament Studies 
+University of Pretoria 
+ 
+Abstract 
+Analysis of 22 references to scribes in the Gospel of Matthew shows that a few of 
+them are positive comments and that the author himself was a scribe.  What type 
+of scribe was he and how can we clarify his social context?  By means of the 
+models of Lenski and Kautsky, by recent research about scribes, literacy, and 
+power, and by new marginality theory, this article extensively refines Saldarini’s 
+hypothesis that the scribes were “retainers”.  The thesis is that in “Matthew’s” 
+Christ-believing group, his scribal profession and literacy meant power and socio-
+religious status.  Yet, his voluntary association with Christ believers (“ideological 
+marginality”), many of whom could not participate in social roles expected of them 
+(“structural marginality”), led to his living between two historical traditions, 
+languages, political loyalties, moral codes, social rankings, and ideological-
+religious sympathies (“cultural marginality”). The Matthean author’s cultural 
+marginality will help to clarify certain well-known literary tensions in the Gospel 
+of Matthew.   
+ 
+1. 
+INTRODUCTION 
+In 1993 I published a paper titled “Matthew and Marginality” in the SBL Seminar Papers 
+(Duling 1993b); two years later, it appeared with minor revisions in Hervormde 
+Teologiese Studies (Duling 1995b).  At the time, “marginality” was beginning to be used 
+                                                          
+1  Paper presented at the International Context Group Meeting at the University of Pretoria, June 2001.   
+Prof Dr Dennis C Duling visited South Africa as Research Associate of Prof Dr Andries G van Aarde, 
+Department of New Testament Studies, Faculty of Theology, University of Pretoria. 
+
+ 
+ 
+D C Duling 
+HTS 58(2) 2002 
+ 
+521 
+in Biblical study without much knowledge or understanding of its rich social-scientific 
+history and many faceted usage.  In part, I wanted to fill this lacuna for New Testament 
+scholars.  With Gerhard Lenski‟s macrosocial model of an advanced agrarian society and 
+models of small groups a backdrop (Lenski 1966; Lenski and Lenski 1987), I developed 
+three senses of term and conceptuality of “marginality”:  
+ 
+ involuntary marginality, the most familiar meaning of marginality, which in-
+cluded not only artisans, the poor and dispossessed, and the unclean, but also 
+those at any level of the social structure who according to commonly accepted 
+criteria were denied the opportunity to participate in roles expected of them 
+(Germani 1980);  
+ voluntary marginality, applied the individuals and groups who choose “outsider-
+hood,” that is, to not live according to commonly accepted norms, beliefs, and 
+behaviors of the larger society (Victor Turner 1969); and  
+ “Marginal Man,” an individual who, because of birth, migration, or conquest is 
+“doomed” to live between two or more competing normative schemes, that is, two 
+or more historic traditions, languages, political loyalties, moral codes, or 
+religions” (Stonequist 1937; developed from Park 1928; 1931).  This concept, 
+typified by the experience of “in between-ness”, was historically the basis for the 
+other analytical conceptions of marginality. 
+ 
+At the end of the article I suggested that the Matthean author was a scribe who freely 
+associated with a Jesus Messianic group (2: voluntary marginality).  I noted that this 
+group included (in Lenski‟s terms) retainers, artisans, peasants, expendable persons, and 
+the unclean (1: involuntary marginality).  Finally, I proposed that the author himself was 
+an “in between” person, a person of “status incongruity” (3: “Marginal Man”).  He found 
+himself between elite and the lower illiterate strata, between literate scribes and illiterate 
+peasants, between men and women, between growing normative Pharisaism and his Jesus 
+group, between Semitic and Greek languages, between Judaean and Greco-Roman 
+culture – in general between what is old and what is new (13:52).  In another article, “The 
+
+Matthew as marginal scribe 
+522 
+ 
+HTS 58(2) 2002 
+Matthean brotherhood and marginal scribal leadership” (Duling 1995a),2 I suggested that 
+this “marginal scribe” provided leadership for a voluntary association perceived as 
+“marginal” by the larger society, but especially the rival Pharisees. 
+ 
+I have since developed my understanding of both marginality3 and scribes. I now 
+want to refine my view that the Matthean author was a marginal scribe in a marginal 
+group in an advanced agrarian society. 
+ 
+2. 
+SCRIBES IN THE GOSPEL OF MATTHEW AND IN THE 
+MATTHEAN CONTEXT 
+Any scholar who takes the view that the author of the First Gospel was a marginal scribe 
+in an advanced agrarian society must first take a position on how this author evaluates 
+scribes.  This is a matter of some disagreement in Matthean scholarship.  The best, 
+earliest manuscripts of Matthew contain 22 references to the term grammateus, “scribe.”4  
+For convenience, I distribute them as follows:5 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+                                                          
+2  A few scholars have built on my studies; see Arlandson (1997); Vledder (1997 passim); Warren Carter 
+(1994, 1997b, 2000 passim (esp 18, building on Arlandson‟s modifications, and 43-49); Wainwright 
+(1999); Hertig (1997, 1999); Senior (1999).  Several surveys of recent Matthew research have noted or 
+highlighted the 1993 paper; see Anderson (1995:173, 174; 1998); Senior (1998a, 1998b, 1999:21).  In 1999 
+the Matthew Group of the Society of Biblical Literature at Boston devoted its whole session to marginality, 
+and the 1993 paper was often cited as foundational. 
+ 
+3  I pursued the social-scientific concepts further in “Marginality revisited,” Context Group, Portland, OR 
+(March 16, 1990) with special attention to Billson (1988), Berry (1990), and Lee (1995).  For recent studies 
+of scribes, see below. 
+ 
+4  Mt 23:14, omitted by Aleph, B, and others, is usually judged to be a copyist‟s interpolation based on 
+Mark 12:38a, 40 (“Beware of the scribes … who devour widows‟ houses and for a pretense make long 
+prayers.  They will receive the greater condemnation.”) or its parallel, Luke 20:46a, 47.  The verse is now 
+placed in the Nestle-Aland apparatus.   
+ 
+5  Refined from my analysis in Duling (1995a). 
+
+ 
+ 
+D C Duling 
+HTS 58(2) 2002 
+ 
+523 
+A.  Parallels with Mark 
+1.  Direct parallels 
+10x 
+9x 
+ 
+7:29 (Mk 1:22); 9:3 (Mk 2:6); 15:1a (Mk 
+7:1); 16:21 (Mk 8:31); 17:10 (Mk 9:11); 
+20:18 (Mk 10:33); 21:15 (Mk 11:18); 26:57 
+(Mk 14:53); 27:41 (Mk 15:31)  
+2.  Indirect parallel? 
+ 
+B.  Deletions from Mark 
+1.  The term itself 
+ 
+1x 
+ 
+7x 
+4x 
+23:2 (Mk 12:38?) 
+ 
+ 
+9:11 (Mk 2:16); 21:23 (Mk 11:27); 26:47 
+(Mk 14:43); 27:1 (Mk 15:1) 
+2. Term in deleted clauses 
+ 
+ 
+C.  Substitutions of Mark 
+1.  By “Pharisees” 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+2.  By “elders of the people” 
+ 
+D.  No parallels 
+1.  In a Q context 
+ 
+ 
+2.  In another context 
+ 
+E.  No links to other groups 
+1.  Markan parallels 
+    A. Scribes = opponents 
+ 
+ 
+    B. Scribes neutral 
+2.  No Markan parallels 
+ 
+F.  Links to other groups: 
+            Markan parallels: 
+1.  “Pharisees and scribes” 
+2.  “High Priests and scribes” 
+3.  “scibes and elders" 
+4.  “elders, High Priests, and scribes” 
+5.  “High Priests, scribes, and elders” 
+ 
+G.  Links other groups: 
+            No Markan parallels: 
+1.  “High Priests and scribes” 
+2.  “scribes and Pharisees: 
+ 
+ 
+3x 
+ 
+ 
+4x/5x 
+3x/4x 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+1x 
+ 
+12x 
+9x 
+ 
+ 
+3x 
+ 
+5x 
+3x 
+2x 
+ 
+ 
+1x 
+2x 
+ 
+ 
+6x 
+1x 
+2x 
+1x 
+1x 
+1x 
+ 
+ 
+10x 
+1x 
+9x 
+ 
+15:1b (Mk 7:5); 17:14 (Mk 9:14); 22:40 
+(Mk 12:32) 
+ 
+ 
+9:34/12:24 (Mk 3:22: “scribes”); 22:41 (Mk 
+12:35: “scribes”); 22:34 (“lawyer of the 
+Pharisees”; Mk 12:28 “one of the scribes”) 
+ 
+26:3 (Mk 14:1); cp. 26:47; 27:1 
+ 
+ 
+8:19 (Q 9:57); 12:38 (Q 11:16); 23:13, 15, 
+23, 25, 27, 29, 34 (Q 11:39b-44, 46-52). 
+ 
+2:4; 5:20; 13:52 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+Mt 9:3 (Mk 2:6); 7:29 (changes “the 
+scribes” in Mark 1:22 to “their scribes”) 
+ 
+Mt 17:10 (Mk 9:11) 
+Mt 8:19; 13:52 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+15:1 (Mk 7:1) 
+20:18 (Mk 10:33); 21:15 (cf Mk 11:18) 
+26:57 (Mk 14:53 [+ High Priests]) 
+16:21 (Mk 8:31) 
+27:41 (Mk 15:31) 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+2:4 
+5:20; 12:38; 23:2, 13, 15, 23, 25, 27, 29 
+ 
+ 
+This distribution shows that almost half of the 22 Matthean references (10x) are from 
+Mark (A, which are almost half of Mark‟s references [21x; A + B, C]).  Slightly more 
+than half Matthew‟s references (12x) are found only in Matthew (D), most of them (9x) 
+
+Matthew as marginal scribe 
+524 
+ 
+HTS 58(2) 2002 
+distributed in Q contexts (D1).  In five cases, the Matthean scribes stand alone (E).  In 
+two of them, both from Mark (E1A), scribes are clearly opponents.  Indeed, most 
+Matthean references to scribes (16x) yoke them with opponents of Jesus (F, G).  Scholars 
+usually agree that the Matthean author has created the majority of these “opponent links” 
+(esp G2); that most of them are with the Pharisees (G), the usual Matthean opponents; 
+and that this result corresponds with that fact that Pharisees are the usual substituted 
+opponents (C).  In this connection, the Matthean author omits the “good scribe” passage 
+from Mark, that is, the scribe “who is not far from the Kingdom” (Mark 12:32-34). 
+ 
+This mixed data has produced a debate.  Some scholars conclude that the 
+Matthean author was not clear (Walker 1967; Van Tilborg 1972) or was even confused 
+about these groups (Cook 1978:58-67); others say that he intentionally distorted Jesus‟ 
+opponents to show that they formed a “united front.”6  However, David Orton is 
+representative of scholars of the opposite opinion, such as Saldarini and Overman, when 
+he writes, “... the scribes per se never stand alone as opponents of Jesus.  They are 
+tainted by the company they keep” (Orton 1989:28).  The bad company is especially the 
+sect of the Pharisees.7 
+ 
+I accept this more positive view of the scribes for four reasons: 
+ 
+ Some of Matthew‟s created links about scribes – with Pharisees in polemical 
+contexts and elders in Jerusalem – are in a general way historically plausible.8 
+ Matthew omits Mark‟s “good scribe” passage because he has just transformed 
+him into a Pharisaic lawyer who tests Jesus (Mt 22:34-35 [Mk 12:28]). 
+                                                          
+6  Meier (1991:19) thinks that Matthew‟s linking of Pharisees and Sadducees (Mt 3:7; 16:1, 6, 11, 12) is 
+“unhistorical”. 
+ 
+7  Saldarini (1988b); Overman (1990); Orton (1989); Saldarini (1988: 267, n 67 also notes Hummel 
+1963:17-18); Van Tilborg (1972:128-47); Hengel (1985:78-81).  Matthew‟s deletions and his replacements 
+of scribes with Pharisees (see C and G in list above) are related to his persistent anti-Pharisaic polemic (e g, 
+9:11, 34; 12:24, 38; 15:12; 16:11; 21:45; 22:15, 34-35; 27:62). 
+ 
+8  Deletions of “scribes” with “chief priests and elders” in Jerusalem settings (21:23 [Mk 11:27]; 26:3 [Mk 
+14:1] 26:47 [Mk 14:43]; 27:1 [Mk 15:1]) and replacing scribes with Pharisees or narrowing to the Pharisees 
+(15:12, cp 15:1) in conflict stories about purity (9:11 [Mk 2:16]) are quite plausible.  See Saldarini 
+(1988:160-61); Orton (1989:26). 
+ 
+
+ 
+ 
+D C Duling 
+HTS 58(2) 2002 
+ 
+525 
+ Two of five cases where scribes stand alone and are sometimes said to be 
+opponents can be interpreted differently.  One refers to “their scribes” (Mt 7:29) 
+which refers to scribes of the Pharisees9 and the other qualifies by the expression 
+“some of the scribes” (Mt 9:12 [Mk 2:6]).  
+ Most importantly, there are five scribe passages that are arguably positive.  In an 
+ascending order of importance these are: 
+ 
+ Matthew accepts the scribal view in Mark that Elijah is the forerunner of 
+the Messiah (Mt 17:10 [Mk 9:11]; Matthew interprets him to be John the 
+Baptist);  
+ only Matthew‟s Jesus‟ says that the scribes and Pharisees sit on Moses‟ 
+seat and the crowds and disciples should practice and observe what they 
+teach (Mt 23:2);10   
+ Matthew alone inserts “a scribe” into the Q sayings about the difficulty of 
+“following” Jesus (Mt 8:19; cp Q-Luke 9:57-60), and I agree with those 
+who argue that this saying implies that the follower is a disciple;11 
+ Matthew changes Q‟s itinerant “prophets and apostles” sent out by Jesus 
+to “prophets, sages, and scribes” (Q 11:49; Mt 23:34).12 
+                                                          
+9  See “their synagogues” (4:23; 9:35; 10:17; 12:9; 13:54); “your synagogues” (23:34); “their cities” (11:1; 
+cf 12:38) (Kilpatrick 286; Stanton 1992:119-20, 128; Overman 1990:115). 
+ 
+10 There is negativity here, but it is related to the link with the Pharisees and, despite their reputed 
+hypocrisy, their teaching is said to be correct.  Matthew is not always totally consistent, of course (see 
+Hummel 1963:31; Garland 1979:20-22, 46-55). 
+ 
+11  For the negative view of the scribe in Mt 8:19, see Kingsbury (1978:59-60; 1988; Luz 1990:23; Davies 
+& Allison 1991:2.41, 53-54; Kiilunen 1991; Stanton 1992a:383; 1992b:127; Carter 1994:52; 1996: 66).  
+For the positive view, see Saldarini (1988:159).  Also, Orton emphasizes that grammatical changes – from 
+Q‟s indefinite “someone” (tis) to definite “one scribe” (heis grammateus), as well as from Q‟s “another” to 
+“another of the disciples,” indicate that the scribe is a disciple (Orton 1989:36-37).  Robert Gundry (1994b) 
+has offered the most finely tuned grammatical and redactional analysis, suggesting that there are two 
+scribes, the first good, the second bad.  For a summary of his detailed arguments, see Duling (1995a).  On 
+the “foxes have holes…” saying (v 20), see GTh 86; Kloppenborg (1988:65). 
+ 
+12  “Prophets” occur 37 times, 20 of which are perhaps redactional.  They are generally viewed with favor 
+(Luz 1989:67).  Matthew‟s warnings are about false prophets (7:15-23; cf 24:11-12, 24); (see Bornkamm 
+1963:39 n 1; Schweizer 1970; Hill 1976; Overman 1990:118).  The term “sages” (sophoi) occurs negatively 
+in Mt 11:25 (= Q 10:21), but they are sages of the world, probably Pharisaic sages (12:2, 14, 24, 38) (so 
+Suggs 1970: 84-87; see also Overman 1990:117). 
+ 
+
+Matthew as marginal scribe 
+526 
+ 
+HTS 58(2) 2002 
+ Finally, Matthew composed the formulaic conclusion to the third speech, 
+which speaks in Mt 13:52 of a scribe “„instructed as a disciple” for the 
+kingdom of heaven” (Kingsbury 1969:126-27; Gundry 1994:281; Luz 
+1983:109).  Dan Harrington (1991:208) represents a very widespread view 
+when he writes that this description is a “self portrait of the evangelist.”13  
+I agree. 
+ 
+Thus, while most scribes in Matthew are viewed negatively because of their association 
+with Jesus‟ opponents, some are seen as positive and, indeed, it is very probable that the 
+author of the Gospel himself was a scribe.  This conclusion allows me to go forward with 
+the view that the author of Matthew was a marginal scribe in an advanced agrarian 
+society. 
+ 
+3. 
+SCRIBES AS MEMBERS OF THE “RETAINER CLASS” IN AN 
+ADVANCED AGRARIAN SOCIETY 
+Macrosociologist Gerhard Lenski (1966, 1988, 1994) holds the view that humans 
+cooperate in order to survive, that cooperation requires a necessary division of labor in 
+the production of resources, and that competing self or group interest leads to the quest 
+for power, or carrying out one‟s individual or social will, even when opposed by others.14  
+Those who gain power also gain control of the economic surplus for their own benefit, 
+despite occasional nods to altruism (for example, concern for the poor).  Those in power 
+also grow in social privilege, though there are other necessary variables.  Finally, both 
+power and privilege yield prestige.  A feedback loop shows how prestige feeds still 
+greater power.  In its simplest form, the dynamics of the distribution of valued resources 
+based on power, privilege, and prestige looks like Model I (Lenski 1966:43):  
+                                                          
+13  The representatives of this view are legion.  They include Hoh (1926); Bacon (1930: ch 10); Kilpatrick 
+(1950:111); Stendahl (1968:30, 34 n 4); Hummel (1963:17-18, 26-28); Trilling (1964:146); Strecker 
+(1966:30, 37, 192); Kingsbury (1973:166, n 149); Overman (1990:116); Orton (1989). 
+ 
+14  Lenski (1994:10-13) described his perspective as “materialist” in the tradition of archeologist V Gordon 
+Childe and anthropologist Walter Goldschmidt.  Sociological theorist JonathanTurner (1984:54-55, 81, 84, 
+158-159; Preface ii, 49), who acknowledges that the single most important influence on him was Lenski, 
+finds Lenski‟s synthesis to be especially attractive.  Turner (1984:61-62) adds that the more complex the 
+society, the more important are political power and material wealth for understanding the dynamics of the 
+social system. 
+ 
+
+ 
+ 
+D C Duling 
+HTS 58(2) 2002 
+ 
+527 
+ 
+POWER 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+PRIVILEGE  
+ 
+ 
+PRESTIGE 
+ 
+  
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+altruism 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+x, y, z  
+Model I: The Dynamics of Distribution Systems (Lenski 1966:45) 
+ 
+ 
+For Lenski (1988:169; see also 1994:22, 23), “... variations in subsistence technology 
+have been the most powerful single cause of variations in societal systems of 
+stratification in the total universe of human societies, past and present.”15  
+Acknowledging the importance of other developments (the wheel, the harnessing of 
+animal and wind power, writing, and the calendar), Lenski thinks that the plow was the 
+most important technological innovation for the shift from horticulture to agriculture in 
+the fourth millennium BCE.  The invention of the iron-tipped plow in the late second 
+millennium led to advanced agrarian societies.  Economically, there was greater division 
+of labor, growth in business, commerce, and more migration to increasingly larger cities.  
+Politically, there emerged the proprietary theory of the state, growth of the elites‟ 
+administrative staffs and retainers, greater exploitation of peasants, and occasional 
+peasant unrest.  The family lost some of its integrating power, though it was still 
+economically important.  In religion there was greater universalism, religious legitima-
+tion of the state, decline in theocracy, and the growth of magic and fatalism.  Thus, the 
+simple agrarian society became an advanced agrarian society, as in Model II: 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+                                                          
+15  Lenski was aware that subsistence technology was not the whole story.  It had to be related to 
+environment, that is, ecosystems; plow agriculture did not develop in the tropics!  
+
+Matthew as marginal scribe 
+528 
+ 
+HTS 58(2) 2002 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+         The Ruler 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+P 
+O 
+W 
+E 
+R 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+p 
+R 
+I 
+V 
+I 
+L 
+E 
+G 
+E 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+P 
+R 
+E 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+          Peasants   
+S 
+T 
+I 
+G 
+E 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+          Expendables 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+Relative size of class 
+ 
+Model II: Lenski’s Advanced Agrarian Society 
+(Nolan and Lenski 1999:190 [see Lenski 1966:284]) 
+ 
+ 
+This simple model focuses on social stratification as it relates especially to politics and 
+economics.  It simplifies historical information in order to facilitate understanding and 
+Governing 
+Class 
+Retainers and 
+Priests 
+Governing 
+Class 
+Merchants 
+Artisans 
+
+ 
+ 
+D C Duling 
+HTS 58(2) 2002 
+ 
+529 
+analysis (Lenski 1966:284).16  However, says Lenski, people actually rank each other in a 
+variety of ways, or what he calls “classes.”17  He defines “class” as “an aggregation of 
+persons in a society who stand in a similar position with respect to some form of power, 
+privilege, and prestige” (Lenski 1966:75).  Within “class” he includes rankings based on 
+“status groups” (Max Weber: Stände) that develop distinctive subcultures and are likely 
+to be hereditary.  Examples of “class systems” are family, gender, occupation, race, 
+ethnicity, and religion (Lenski 1966:78).18  In this simple political-economic model “class 
+systems” are not visible.   
+ 
+To illustrate some of the class variables, Lenski (1966:82) imagines a fictional 
+society and ranks people in it based on politics, wealth, occupation, and ethnicity.  He 
+theorizes that there are also differences within these “class” systems, for example, the 
+degree of complexity, range of vertical stratification (“span”), the pattern of distribution 
+(“shape”), degree of mobility, and degree of institutionalization (ideologically-based 
+custom or law).  Moreover, each class system can be assigned a different weight of 
+importance and can be configured differently.  All of these variables together form a 
+distributive system.  Lenski‟s fictional distributive system, derived from a Latin American 
+society, has some parallels to ancient agrarian societies.  I have revised his fictional chart 
+to more closely approximate an ancient advanced agrarian society, adding several class 
+systems and changing some weights (Chart I).  Following Malina‟s view that politics and 
+                                                          
+16  Lenski (1988:166) holds it to be fundamental that theory should be based on empirical data.  For my 
+view of models, see Duling (1992:99-102); Arlandson (1997:21-22).  I based my hermeneutic of modeling 
+on Carney (1975); Galt and Smith (1976); Elliott (1986); and Malina (1981, 1986).  Models are useful for 
+creating theory and testing it, but they are not theory.  They are most useful for closed systems where 
+variables are known and can be clearly related (sSee Turner 1984:10). 
+ 
+17  Most analysts of the ancient Mediterranean prefer the term “status” to “class” because “class” has 
+Marxist overtones that do not apply to antiquity and there was no large middle class (see Finley 1973:49; 
+Meeks 1983:53-54; Alföldy 1985:99; MacMullen 1974:89, 94).  Rohrbaugh (1984:534, 537, 542) thinks 
+that Lenski‟s “power class” is acceptable for antiquity if one defines it in terms of a political-economic 
+interest group that controls the economic surplus.  Social theorist Jonathan Turner (1984:146) also prefers 
+not to use the term “class”; however, he continues to use it because of its prevalence in the social sciences.   
+ 
+18  Lenski also thinks that class can include “caste” and “estate.”  “[A] …  class is a caste to the degree that 
+upward mobility into or out of it is forbidden by the mores ( Lenski 1966:77).  “[A] … class is an estate to 
+the degree that its existence, rights, and privileges are established by law” (Lenski 1966:78). 
+ 
+
+Matthew as marginal scribe 
+530 
+ 
+HTS 58(2) 2002 
+kinship are the two most important social domains in the Mediterranean world,19 I have 
+weighted them (and gender) heavily.   
+ 
+The 
+Political 
+Class 
+System 
+(W = 10) 
+The 
+Property 
+ Class  
+System  
+(W = 5) 
+The  
+Occupational 
+Class  
+System  
+(W = 2) 
+The 
+Ethnic 
+Class 
+System 
+(W = 3) 
+The 
+Educational 
+Class  
+System 
+(W = 2) 
+The 
+Religious 
+Class 
+System 
+(W=5) 
+The 
+Gender 
+“Class 
+System” 
+(W=10) 
+The 
+Family 
+Class 
+System 
+(W = 10) 
+The elite 
+ 
+ 
+The bureau- 
+cracy 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+      The  
+  apolitical  
+     class 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+Suspected 
+enemies of 
+the regime 
+The wealthy 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+The moderately 
+wealthy 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+    The poor 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+The            
+impoverished 
+Large landowners 
+ 
+Inde-  Offi-   Mer- 
+pend   cials    cha- 
+dent                nts 
+far- 
+mers 
+                       ar-     
+                       ti-  
+ Peasants        sa- 
+                       ns     
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+Beggars, 
+Prostitutes, 
+Unemployed,       
+etc. 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+Romans 
+ 
+Greeks 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+Barbarians: 
+ 
+(Judaeans/ 
+Jews): 
+ 
+Judaeans 
+Proper 
+ 
+Galileans 
+ 
+Idumeans 
+ 
+Samaritans 
+ 
+Educated 
+Moderately 
+Educated 
+Artisans 
+Literacy 
+Illiterate & 
+uneducated 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+Emperor 
+ 
+High 
+Priests 
+ 
+Priests 
+ 
+Scholars 
+ 
+Laity 
+ 
+“pagans” 
+ 
+Males 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+females 
+ 
+ 
+Fathers 
+ 
+ 
+Mothers 
+ 
+ 
+Sons 
+ 
+ 
+Daugh 
+ters 
+ 
+ 
+Other  
+Kin 
+ 
+ 
+Those 
+outside 
+one‟s kin 
+group 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+In short, all the class systems together, not just the political and economic systems in the 
+abstract macromodel, form the “distributive system.”  A person‟s ranking in several class 
+systems is usually coordinate with political and economic power in the macromodel, 
+though not always and necessarily.  There is also some positive correlation between class 
+systems.  However, there can also be competition among the various class rankings and 
+                                                          
+19  For Malina (1986:86) social domains such as religion, economics, and education in Mediterranean 
+antiquity did not exist as separate, differentiated, and distinctive social institutions, but were “embedded” in 
+politics and religion. 
+Chart I 
+A Fictional Distributive System (Modified from Lenski 1966:80) 
+(w = weight of importance from 2-10) 
+ 
+
+ 
+ 
+D C Duling 
+HTS 58(2) 2002 
+ 
+531 
+there can be local variations and ethnocentric rankings.20  Weights can change in specific 
+contexts.  Ranking of Greeks and Romans within the Judaean [Jewish] version of the 
+ethnic/religious class system looks different from ranking in the more general distribution 
+system (Chart I).  When ranking is relatively high in one class system and relatively low 
+on another – in actual versus fictive kin relations, for example – “status dissonance,” says 
+Lenski, can result.  This is a recurring feature, as we shall see, in marginality.   
+ 
+The key question for this study is: how should ancient scribes be ranked?  As 
+Saldarini (1988:169; see also Lenski 1994:22, cp p 23) emphasized, that question is easily 
+answered in the simplified macromodel above: in the retainer class.  This class contains 
+an odd assortment of officials: professional soldiers, government bureaucrats, household 
+servants, and petty officials, including tax collectors.21  What unites them is that they 
+serve the elite and function as social brokers between the rulers and the ruled.  For 
+example, they collect the economic surplus and deflect resentment about elite power, 
+privilege, and prestige on the part of the lower social strata.  As their reward they receive 
+a greater share in the economic surplus and a higher status than the masses.  Lenski 
+estimates that the retainers make up about 5% of the population. 
+ 
+It is important to ask the ranking question not only in the macrosocial system – 
+the advanced agrarian society – but in relation to Lenski‟s “classes” in the “distribution 
+system.” Lenski macrosocial analysis does not address this question in detail and thus he 
+does not analyze the ranking of scribes in particular (see Turner‟s criticism, footnote 20); 
+thus, more needs to be said.   
+ 
+In the occupational class system scribes are “officials.”  In the educational class 
+system they are among the literate elite, though not at the very top.  In the family class 
+system, there can be scribal families.  In the gender class system, scribes are almost all 
+male.22  Finally, in various ethnic and religious class systems scribes can be higher in 
+                                                          
+20  Lenski‟s macro-analysis has received some criticism.  Jonathan Turner (1984:54; Preface ii, 49), for 
+example, thinks that his abstract level of analysis sometimes obscures his “class systems”.  I have attempted 
+to address this problem by making suggestions about the distribution system. 
+ 
+21  Because of this variety, status ranking within any class is difficult.  Military experts and literates receive 
+some status enhancement and corresponding wealth, though wages are mostly modest.  They also compete 
+with each other and continually seek to maximize their rights and privileges; such ambitions threaten the 
+ruling classes only in the case of the military.  Despite such difficulties I shall distinguish several kinds of 
+scribes. 
+ 
+22  See, however, the study of Haines-Eitzen (1998) noted below for women copyists. 
+ 
+
+Matthew as marginal scribe 
+532 
+ 
+HTS 58(2) 2002 
+status.  I will explore some of these dimensions further.  First, however, I want to note 
+how Lenski‟s ranking of scribes in the larger ranking system has been used in scholarship 
+on Mediterranean society and the New Testament. 
+ 
+4. 
+THE USE OF LENSKI FOR ANALYZING THE SCRIBES IN 
+MEDITERRANEAN SOCIETY  
+Not surprisingly, Greco-Roman society is Lenski‟s key example of an advanced agrarian 
+society.23  A number of scholars have used Lenski‟s model – the first New Testament 
+scholar seems to have been Rohrbaugh (1978) in the late 1970s – and some have 
+combined it with John Kautsky‟s view of “aristocratic empires,”24 as a way to interpret 
+social structures and relations in ancient Mediterranean society, including more localized 
+Judaean and early Jesus Movement groups.25  Here are two examples in which scribes are 
+ranked: 
+ 
+                                                          
+23  The most recent revision of the classic Lenski textbook (Nolan & Lenski 1999), uses the Roman Empire as 
+its most common illustration of an advanced agrarian society (see Nolan & Lenski 1999:166, 167, 169, 170, 
+173, 175, 176, 177, 180; see also Lenski 1966:198). 
+ 
+24  John Kautsky (1982), a political scientist, is indebted to Lenski‟s views of societal evolution.  Lenski 
+read Kautsky‟s manuscript before publication (Kautsky 1982:xvi; cp p 7, n 7; 19-20, 27).  However, 
+Kautsky also draws on Sjoberg (1960), Eisenstadt (1963, 1978), Bendix (1978), and Moore (1958), and 
+develops his own distinctive accent.  His key concept is the “aristocratic empire.” An aristocracy “… is a 
+ruling class in an agrarian economy that does not engage in productive labor but lives wholly or primarily 
+off the labor of peasants.  Hence aristocratic empires must contain not only aristocrats but also peasants 
+who, in turn, live in agrarian primitive societies.  Because … it takes many peasants to support one 
+aristocrat, this also implies that aristocratic empires are necessarily a good deal larger than primitive 
+societies” (Kautsky 1982:24).  An important refinement of Lenski is Kautsky‟s distinction between 
+traditional and commercialized aristocratic empires.  A traditional or “pure” aristocratic empire is not yet 
+characterized by “commercialization,” that is, it does not yet have a developed class of merchants, 
+financiers, and tax collectors who can take over some of the power of the aristocrats.  As far as I am aware, 
+the first New Testament scholar to take note of Kautsky‟s work was Richard Horsley in an SBL lecture of 
+the late 1980s.  For the use of Kautsky see Herzog (1994:53-73); Duling (1995a:160-61); Crossan 
+(1998:157-59).  The 2000 SBL Social Science Group had a session centered on the contributions of Lenski 
+and Kautsky to New Testament study.  R Rohrbaugh surveyed the use of Lenski and Kautsky in New 
+Testament study and Kautsky was present and responded. 
+ 
+25  Some other scholars who have seen value in Lenski‟s modeling are: Cheney (1986); Coote and Whitelam 
+(1986:113-14); Elliott (1986); Oakman (1986, 1994); Saldarini (1988a, 1988b, 1994); Waetjen (1989); Fiensy 
+(1990); Duling (1992a, 1993b:649-654; ch 2); Love (1993, 1994); Seeman (1993); Herzog (1994:53-66); 
+Duling & Perrin (1994); Knight (1994:115); Craffert (1996); Crossan (1998); Stegemann & Stegemann 
+(1999); McNutt (2000:245); Carter (2000:18, 561, n 86); cf Osiek (1992:39-43). 
+ 
+
+ 
+ 
+D C Duling 
+HTS 58(2) 2002 
+ 
+533 
+ In 1988 Anthony Saldarini (1988) combined Lenski (1966) and Kautsky (1982) to 
+describe social stratification in Palestinian Judaism.  In contrast to Lenski, he 
+stressed the distinction between “social groups” and “classes.”26  For Saldarini the 
+Pharisees were both retainers (a “class”) and a social group, while the scribes were 
+retainers but not a social group (in contrast to the gospel redaction).27  
+ In 1995 Ekkehard and Wolfgang Stegemann (1999) used Lenski‟s analysis as the 
+basis for their views of power, “social systems,” the evaluation of “statuses,” and 
+the discussion of “status inconsistency”28 in Palestine, though they preferred the 
+term “stratum” to “class.”29  Again, the scribes fell in the retainer class (though this 
+class is not so labeled in their model).  Scribes are grouped together with members 
+of the Sanhedrin, administrative and military retainers, functionaries, priests, local 
+judges, tax collectors, foreign traders, and wholesalers. 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+                                                          
+26  What Saldarini called “social groups” are what we discussed above as “status groups” (Weber‟s Stände).  
+He also used sect and network analysis to analyze the groups.  For my position on network analysis, see 
+especially Duling (1993, 1999b, 2000, 2001). 
+ 
+27  Pharisees were of the retainer class, but they were also a political-religious interest group and a sect, as well 
+as a voluntary association (see Saldarini 1988:42, 59, 69, 72, 74).  I have discussed the Matthean group as a 
+voluntary association (Duling 1995a), as has Ascough (1998b).  Yet, there may have been scribes from the 
+same family over generations (see, e.g., Baker 1994:69). 
+ 
+28  Alföldy (1985) is helpful for the overall picture, but his Roman-oriented stratification is too localized to 
+apply directly to Palestine without modification. For such a modification, see Fiensy (1990 and n 53). 
+ 
+29  “A stratum comprises all the people of a society who find themselves in a similar social position on the 
+basis of their share of power, privilege, and prestige” (Stegemann & Stegemann 1999:58).  See above, note 
+17 for the debate about “class” as compared with “status.” 
+ 
+
+Matthew as marginal scribe 
+534 
+ 
+HTS 58(2) 2002 
+ 
+There are numerous others who use or modify Lenski (and Kautsky), but these two 
+will suffice.  I add Shaye Cohen‟s (1986:47) model in order to highlight my emphasis on 
+the distribution system. 
+ 
+ 
+Economic 
+ 
+ I   The Rich 
+ 
+A.  The city rich 
+ 
+B.  The country rich  
+(owners of large estates) 
+ 
+II.  The “Middle Class” 
+ 
+A. Artisans, merchants, etc (city) 
+ 
+B. Owners of moderate Estates (country) 
+ 
+III.  The “Lower Class” 
+ 
+A. The city poor 
+ 
+B. The country poor 
+1.  Peasant farmers 
+2.  Landless peasants 
+ 
+IV.  “Non-Persons” 
+ 
+A. Women and children 
+ 
+B. Slaves 
+ 
+Religious 
+ 
+I.  Jews 
+ 
+A.  The Religious Establishment 
+1. High priests, priests, and Levites 
+2. The patriarch and his court 
+3. Scribes, elders, rabbis, sages, 
+members of the sanhedrin 
+ 
+B. The Sects and “Unofficial” Authority 
+Figures 
+1. Hasidim, Pharisees, Sadducees, 
+ 
+Boethusians, Essenes, Qumran sect, 
+“Fourth Philosophy,” Judeo-
+Christians, Samaritans (?), Hab- 
+erim (?), rabbis (?) 
+ 
+ C.  Other Jews 
+1.  The “am hā’āretz and other 
+nonsectarian” Jews 
+2.  “Hellenistic Jews” 
+3.  Proselytes 
+ 
+II.  Non-Jews 
+ 
+A.  The Romans and the Roman army 
+ 
+B.  “Greeks,” hellenized pagans, not-so-
+hellenized pagans 
+ 
+C.  Samaritans (?) 
+ 
+ 
+
+ 
+ 
+D C Duling 
+HTS 58(2) 2002 
+ 
+535 
+Shaye Cohen (1986:47) observed that influential scholars30 of the social world of ancient 
+Israelite religion have used two very different, contrasting “grids” for ranking, one 
+“economic,” the other “religious” (see also Kampen‟s review of David Fiensy 1994:207-
+208).31  Cohen‟s economic and religious grids correspond roughly to Lenski‟s “property 
+class system” and “religious class system.”  However, note that Cohen did not put scribes in 
+the economic grid, but in the “religious” grid, and rather high: they are part of the “religious 
+establishment.”  This judgment is based on the perception that scribes were Torah scholars 
+– thus, in the “religious class system” – a matter of some debate, as we shall see.   
+ 
+These three examples to focus on pre-70 CE Palestinian Judaean conditions under 
+the Herods.32  This time frame is appropriate for the life of the historical Jesus and the story 
+world of the gospels.33  However, according to most scholars the historical and social 
+context of the author of the Matthean gospel is somewhat different.  Whether the place was 
+Antioch – that is the majority view, though much debated34 – the gospel was almost 
+certainly written after 70 CE when Herodian and priestly power were no longer a major 
+factor.  Thus, Lenski‟s unrevised monomodel should be the preferred model.  However, 
+Cohen‟s analysis suggests that Lenski‟s distribution system deserves more attention.   
+ 
+                                                          
+30  Cohen‟s examples are Schürer, Kriessig, Jeremias, and Baron. 
+ 
+31  Fiensy (1992:158) adjusted the Lenski model, again for Palestine, by distinguishing between urban and 
+rural, by adding “unclean and degraded,” and by inserting subclasses.  However, Fiensy intentionally 
+omitted scribes (and social groups such as Josephus‟ four “philosophies”) from “class” ranking altogether.  
+I subsequently added Lenski‟s percentages and took note of the work of Douglas Oakman (1986) and the 
+economics of ancient Palestine; see Duling (1992a, 1993b, 1995a, 1995b).  Arlandson (1997:21-24) based 
+his discussion on my analysis, but adapted the model, not as a Lenski-type pyramid, but as block, which, he 
+thinks, suggests a greater gap between rich and poor; Carter (2000:18) has accepted Arlandson‟s 
+modification.  Lenski himself recognized the inadequacy of any pyramidal model, including his own, 
+because it does not portray the degree of inequality between the top and bottom of the social order (Lenski 
+1966:285).  However, his alternative was to extend the spire of the governing class.  I prefer to keep the 
+pyramid and spire, in part because of the metaphor “pyramids of power” derived from Carney (1975:90; 
+see Hanson & Oakman 1998:67-93) and the general tendency to see hierarchical structures as pyramids of 
+power.  One can then illustrate the radical gulf between upper and lower strata by a broken line.  See also 
+Crossan (1998). 
+ 
+32  So does Crossan‟s (1998) recent adaptation. 
+ 
+33  I have used the Lenski analysis for the Matthean story this way, as well (see Duling 1992a, 1993b, Duling 
+& Perrin 1994:56).  For an application to Mark, see Rohrbaugh (1993a, 1993b). 
+ 
+34  For the acceptance of Antioch, see Carter (1996, 2000). 
+
+Matthew as marginal scribe 
+536 
+ 
+HTS 58(2) 2002 
+ 
+In what follows I accept Lenski‟s and Saldarini‟s retainer ranking for scribes in the 
+monomodel but want to add the educational, occupational, and religious class systems.  
+First, however, it is crucial to say more about scribes in Mediterranean society, particularly 
+Judaean scribes. 
+ 
+5. 
+SOCIAL ROLES AND RANKING OF SCRIBES IN 
+ 
+MEDITERRANEAN ANTIQUITY 
+So far, I have considered scribes as a single group.  Drawing especially on Saldarini, 
+Schams, Richards, and Kloppenborg it is possible to describe at least six kinds of scribes 
+in the ancient literature. 
+ 
+ Royal Scribes and Government Bureaucrats who served the ruling elite directly.  In 
+Mesopotamia royal schools for scribes probably existed already in third millennium 
+BCE (Baker 1994:66-67).  In ancient Egypt, professional scribes were educated in 
+schools to copy, recite, and memorize documents.  They served in the royal court 
+as political and financial administrators and record keepers, sometimes reaching 
+the highest levels of government (Richards 1989:15).  Egyptian “royal scribes” 
+can be be documented down into the Ptolemaic period (Richards 1989:15-16).  
+The Greeks developed a similar role, the Basilikos Grammateus.  The Romans 
+had “imperial secretaries” promoted to equestrian status (Richards 1989:16-18; on 
+the Romans, see Richards 1989:15-20).  Some scholars argue that a comparable 
+picture of government scribes can be drawn for pre-exilic Israel if Temple 
+functions are stressed (Saldarini 1988:243-44; 1992a; Fishbane 1985:25-27; 
+Viviano 1990:55; Heaton 1994; Davies 1995).35   
+ Public and private secretaries.  For the larger Greco-Roman world in the Hellenis-
+tic period Richards writes that the grammateus is in general: 
+ 
+… a person employed to write out correspondence for another, whether as a 
+professional or only as an amateur, whether with or without financial 
+compensation, whether maintained full-time by one individual or used only 
+                                                          
+35  It may be that scribal schools for kings and priests existed in Jerusalem prior to the Exile. 
+ 
+
+ 
+ 
+D C Duling 
+HTS 58(2) 2002 
+ 
+537 
+for one assignment, and whether used throughout the entire letter writing 
+process or only for preparing the final draft.  This definition includes everyone 
+from the public secretaries usually hired in the agora, to the private secretaries 
+usually retained by wealthy persons, to the friend who writes out a letter for 
+another.  His skills could range from a minimal competency with the language 
+and/or the mechanics of writing to the highest proficiency at rapidly producing 
+an accurate, proper, and charming letter. 
+ 
+Greek writers use the same term, grammateu/v,  to describe several 
+positions.  A grammateu/j could mean a secretary, public [that is, hired in the 
+agora] or private [that is, usually employed by the wealthy], or a government 
+official.  The Latin language is more specialized: scriba denotes a public or 
+official secretary, librarius, a private secretary as does the rarer term 
+amanuensis, and notarius, a shorthand writer. 
+ 
+(Richards 1989:10-11)36 
+ 
+ Josephus‟ references to grammateus reflect this rather broad Greco-Roman 
+“secular” orientation,37 which was current in the Judaean Diaspora.38 
+ Village and local scribes.  In the Egyptian administrative system there were local 
+scribes (topogrammatei~v) and village (topogrammatei~v) scribes who reported 
+to the “royal scribes” (see Appendix 3).  They sometimes cultivated land, but their 
+main functions were administration of the land and processing petitions; they 
+were mainly record keepers and brokers between with higher officials and 
+subordinates (Goodman 1983:59; Richards 1989:15; Kloppenborg 1987:171-245, 
+342-45; 1991:81-86; Arnal 1995: 482-92; 1997; for the earlier period, see Millard 
+                                                          
+36  Richards‟ footnote 59 adds: “In the LXX and the New Testament a third possibility exists: an expert in 
+religious (Jewish and Christian) law.”  That is the second type in this list.  For standing and sitting postures 
+for writing, see Parássoglou (1979). 
+ 
+37  For Josephus, teachers of the Torah are called sophistai. 
+ 
+38  This view is also found Diaspora texts.  In the Letter of Aristeas learned sages are not called “scribes” 
+and the designation of Eleazar, the Jerusalem priestly leader, as “scribe” in Palestinian 2 Maccabees (6:18) 
+has vanished in Diaspora 4 Maccabees (5:4). 
+ 
+
+Matthew as marginal scribe 
+538 
+ 
+HTS 58(2) 2002 
+1985:303).39  Josephus also mentions village scribes (see Saldarini 1992:1014; 
+Horsley 1989:203; Kloppenborg 1989:212-13).40  The papyri also show that 
+slaves could be secretaries (see POxy. 3273).41  Recent studies have suggested that 
+village scribes copied and transmitted Jesus Move-ment documents such as Q 
+(Kloppenborg 1991:83-85; 1993:25; Arnal 2001:151-55, 170-72) and Mark 
+(Beavis 1989:39-42, 50-67, 167-70).  
+ Scribes of voluntary associations.  There were record-keeping scribes in voluntary 
+associations (Duling 1995a:161-64; Ascough 1998b).  Judaean inscriptions from 
+synagogues at Rome suggest that some of these scribes were not highly educated 
+(Saldarini 1992:1016b, derived from Leon 1960).42  To these four types of scribes, 
+one may add two special types of scribes often noted in discussions of Israelites. 
+                                                          
+39  Much information has been retrieved from the wastepaper “archive” of a successor of the Greek 
+Menches, village scribe of Kerkeosiris, Egypt, who reported to the Basilikos Grammateus and whose 
+patron, Dorion, at distant Alexandria, defended him (see Verhoogt 1998, esp 67-68, 70, 88-89 and 
+Appendix 3). 
+ 
+40  JosWars 1.24.3 (par 479): “Nay, Aristobulus had raised a quarrel between himself and Salome, who was 
+his mother-in-law, besides the anger he had conceived at Glaphyra‟s reproaches; for he perpetually 
+upbraided his wife with the meanness of her family, and complained, that as he had married a woman of a 
+low family, so had his brother Alexander married one of royal blood.  At this Salome‟s daughter wept, and 
+told it her with this addition, that Alexander threatened the mothers of his other brethren, that when he 
+should come to the crown, he would make them weave with their maidens, and would make those brothers 
+of his country schoolmasters (grammatei=v) and brake this jest upon them, that they had been very 
+carefully instructed, to fit them for such an employment.  Hereupon Salome could not contain her anger, 
+but told all to Herod; nor could her testimony be suspected, since it was against her own son-in-law.  There 
+was also another calumny that ran abroad and inflamed the king‟s mind; for he heard that these sons of his 
+were perpetually speaking of their mother, and, among their lamentations for her, did not abstain from 
+cursing him; and that when he made presents of any of Mariamne‟s garments to his later wives, these 
+threatened that in a little time, instead of royal garments, they would clothe theft in no better than hair-
+cloth.” (translation in Whiston). 
+ 
+41  Richards (1989:38 n 105), quotes POxy. 724: “Panechotes also called Panares, ex-cosmetes of 
+Oxyrhynchus, through his friend Gemellus, to Apollonius, writer of shorthand, greeting.  I have placed 
+with you my slave Chaerammon to be taught the signs which your son Dionysius knows, for a period of 
+two years dating from the present month Phamenoth of the 18th year of Antonius Caesar the lord at the 
+salary agreed upon between us, 120 drachmae, not including feast days; of which sum you have received 
+the first instalment [sic] consisting of 40 drachmae when the boy has learnt the whole system, and the third 
+you will receive at the end of the period when the boy writes fluently in every respect and reads faultlessly, 
+viz., the remaining 40 drachmae.  If you make him perfect with the period, I will not wait for the aforesaid 
+limit; but it is not lawful for me to take the boy away before the end of the period, and he shall remain with 
+you after the expiration of it for as many days or months as he may have done no work.  The 18th year of 
+the Emperor Caesar Titus Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Augustus Pius, Phamenoth 5” (italics by Richards). 
+ 
+42  Judaean scribes were keepers of records and contracts and were not highly educated. 
+
+ 
+ 
+D C Duling 
+HTS 58(2) 2002 
+ 
+539 
+ Elementary Level Bible School Teachers.  In the Rabbinic literature the term 
+sopherim could sometimes refer to educators at an elementary level in contrast to 
+learned Torah scholars (reshuth; so Daube 1956:205-23).43  
+ Learned Torah scholars.  In second-Temple Israel Ezra was described as a “priest 
+and scribe of the law of the God of Heaven,”44 thus, a learned Torah scholar (Ezra 
+7:6; 8:5, 10; Neh 8) and a powerful Judaean political leader (Ezra 7:20, 25).45  
+About 180 BCE Ben Sira sketched the “ideal scribe” as a man of leisure, an 
+international traveler, ambassador, community leader, and expert in all areas of 
+knowledge – thus, a sage and Torah scholar (see further, below).  In the 
+Maccabean period, a guild of lay scribes (sunagwgh_ grammate/wn) apart from 
+the priests seems to have arisen (1 Macc 7:11).46  In the first century BCE 1 Enoch 
+refers to the “scribe of righteousness” (1 Enoch 12:3-4; 15:1) and in the late first-
+century CE 2 Baruch, the apocalyptic visionary Baruch is also a scribe (2 Baruch 
+2:1; 9:1-10:4).  Finally, in the later Rabbinic literature the “words of the scribes” 
+were still authoritative (Saldarini 1992 vol 5:1015; Hengel 1974:79, 132-16).  
+ 
+As might be expected, these multiple roles and functions have produced a scholarly 
+debate about Judaean scribes.  It has tended to focus on whether they were professional 
+writers – copyists, secretaries, and recorders, in or out of government – or Torah scholars 
+with higher power, privilege, and prestige.  The former were retainers; the latter, 
+however, should be understood in a different way.  From a social-scientific perspective, 
+this debate illustrates competition between the occupational, educational (for Cohen 
+“economic”), and religious class systems and the status ranking in them.  The Torah 
+                                                          
+43  Daube is commenting on Mark 1:21-28, that “as one having authority, and not as the scribes” (1:22) and 
+“a new teaching with authority” (1:27) is making the distinction between ordinary teachers (sopherim) and 
+ordained learned scholars (reshuth). 
+ 
+44  Ezra 7:12; cf Ezra 7:14, 21, in the words of Artaxerxes (cp 7:6) (see North 1992). 
+ 
+45  Contrast, however, Ezra 10:5; Neh 8:13; 10:1.  Thus, scholars debate the point (see, e.g., North 1992). 
+ 
+46  The scribe was said to be associated with priests and rebels, too. 
+ 
+
+Matthew as marginal scribe 
+540 
+ 
+HTS 58(2) 2002 
+scholar role for scribe has dominated both Jewish and Christian scholarship47 and David 
+Orton‟s (1989:120) synthetic view follows suit.48  
+However, Christine Schams (1998) has mounted an impressive argument against 
+this widespread view.  She notes that Bickerman (1988) called this view a “phantom 
+category” indebted to Luther‟s translation of grammateus by Schriftgelehrte and that E P 
+Sanders (1992) added that it is a complex scholarly myth with little or no evidence.  She 
+argues, first, that the Torah scholar view is a redactional idealization of second-Temple 
+writers without much historical reality, and, second, that New Testament and especially 
+Rabbinic views have been inappropriately read back into the earlier Judaean texts.   
+In my view, two things need to be observed.  First, redactional idealizations, like any 
+literary products, will in some way mirror historical/social realities (e g, Eagleton 1983).  
+Second, redacted idealizations can have a profound effect on later views.  Thus, even if the 
+Torah scholar role was an idealization, it may well have had its historical significance and 
+effects.  It approximated the role of real scribes and should remain among the normative role 
+options for many scribes in ancient Judaism.  As Jonathan Z Smith (1983:168) put it, “The 
+scribes were an elite class of learned, literate men, an intellectual aristocracy which played 
+an invaluable role in the administration of their people in both religious and political affairs 
+….”  
+ 
+6. 
+BEN SIRA’S “IDEAL SCRIBE” 
+The preceding judgments imply that Ben Sira‟s idealized scribe (ca 180 BCE), even if 
+exaggerated, should be taken seriously.49  Ben Sira, who may have had a scribal school in 
+                                                          
+47  E g, Christian scholars such as Schürer, Billerbeck, Schlatter, Jeremias, and Hengel.  Jewish scholars 
+include Urbach, Bar-Ilan, and Neusner (see the discussion of Schams). 
+ 
+48  For Orton, scribes study Torah, the law of covenants, and the wisdom of the ancients.  They penetrate 
+prophecies, the subtleties of parables, and the hidden meanings of proverbs.  They offer thanksgiving to God 
+and pray for forgiveness of their sins.  They pour forth their own wisdom, showing learning.  They meditate on 
+the Lord‟s mysteries and are filled with the spirit of understanding. 
+ 
+49  Ellis Rivkin (1978:139) once argued that it was precisely Ben Sira who changed the meaning of 
+sopher/grammateus in Judaism to Torah scholar: “The sofer of Ben Sira‟s day was an intellectual, not a 
+scribe; a scholar, not a copyist; a sage, not a secretary.”  His image looks much like that of Orton; however, 
+it is precisely this image that Schams contests. 
+ 
+
+ 
+ 
+D C Duling 
+HTS 58(2) 2002 
+ 
+541 
+his house,50 sums up the ideal scribe in two poems.  Both are thought to reflect the 
+Egyptian “Satire on the Trades.”  However, Ben Sira‟s judgment about scribes is less 
+satirical and more positive.51  I have summarized the two poems‟ contrast between scribes 
+and other social groups as follows (Duling 1995a:177).  
+ 
+ 
+ 
+Scribes 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+Have leisure = opportunity for 
+Wisdom 
+ 
+are found among and appear before 
+rulers; 
+ 
+serve among the great  
+ 
+travel in foreign lands (learn good 
+and evil) 
+ 
+preserve sayings of the famous 
+ 
+sit in judge‟s seat  
+ 
+understand and make court decisions 
+ 
+expound discipline and judgment  
+ 
+are sought out for the people‟s 
+council 
+ 
+are eminent in the public assembly 
+ 
+have names praised by com-
+munity and nations 
+ 
+Peasants and Artisans 
+ 
+ 
+Peasants:  
+*    work night and day: 
+ 
+plow furrows 
+ 
+goad oxen 
+ 
+talk about cattle 
+ 
+careful about heifers‟ fodder 
+ 
+Artisans/Master Artisans:  
+*    labor with their hands into the night to 
+finish their work well 
+ 
+signet engraver makes exact 
+images 
+ 
+the smith at the anvil: quality work 
+ 
+the potter: quantity and quality 
+work 
+ 
+ 
+The italicized references can be easily ranked as follows: 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+“the great”  
+ 
+ 
+ 
+rulers 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+scribes 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+master artisans 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+artisans 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+peasants 
+ 
+This social ranking generally matches the ranking of the Lenski macrosocial model for an 
+advanced agrarian society.  The scribes are retainers of the elite; they are social brokers.  
+                                                          
+50  Ben Sira 51:23: Hebrew: bet-midrāsh; Greek: oikia paideia); Hengel 1974:79, 132. 
+ 
+51  Ben Sira 38:24-34 and 39:1-11 (see Orton 1989:66-67; Skehan & DiLella 1987:445-53; Saldarini 1988: 
+254-59; Gammie 1990). 
+
+Matthew as marginal scribe 
+542 
+ 
+HTS 58(2) 2002 
+In the educational and professional class systems they rank relatively high.  However, 
+they also appear to be sages/Torah scholars and are thus have even more prestige in the 
+religious class system.  Education, professional, and religious roles are fused.  As 
+Nickelsburg and Stone (1983:94) put it, Ben Sira‟s ideal is an “ideal of life which is 
+determined by social role.”  I now want to reinforce this point about the rank of scribes 
+with “literacy power.” 
+ 
+7. 
+LITERACY, POWER, AND SCRIBES 
+The term “scribe” in Hebrew () comes from the root  which refers to a written 
+message, then a writing, and finally one who could write (Saldarini 1992:1012); the term 
+grammateu/j in Greek means one who “knows letters.”  William Harris‟ view of ancient 
+literacy, often cited in this connection, is that probably no more than 10% of the 
+population of the Greco-Roman world could read and write.52  This estimate includes 
+more technical “scribaliteracy,” but also less technical “craftsmen‟s literacy,” that is, 
+basic writing for trade or business.53 
+ 
+Before proceeding, it is important to address a commonly debated question: was 
+the literacy level of Judaeans (“Jews”) higher than other ancient Mediterranean peoples? 
+This question is, in part, a question of education.  One eminent authority, A R Millard,54 
+argues on the basis of widespread epigraphic and seal evidence that literacy in Judaean 
+society was widespread.  Aaron Demsky agreed.55  Ackroyd, Evans, and Bar-Ilan, 
+                                                          
+52  “The likely overall illiteracy level of the Roman Empire under the principate is almost certain to have 
+been above 90%” (Harris 1989:22, italics mine). 
+ 
+53  Yaghjian (1996) also discusses “oculiterate reading,” that is, the ability to decode a written text, whether 
+one could write or not; “auraliteracy,” or correct hearing; and “oraliteracy,” or oral memorization and 
+recitation, both of which were still greatly valued in Mediterranean antiquity.   
+ 
+54  Millard considers his statement in 1972, “writing was theoretically within the competence of any ancient 
+Israelite … and … was, in fact, quite widely practiced” (Millard 1972:108) perhaps “too optimistic” 
+(Millard 1985:306), but nonetheless says, “We conclude that few ancient Israelites were out of reach of the 
+written word ….” (Millard 1985:307).  
+ 
+55  “Already by the late Second commonwealth period, elementary education had been organized along 
+communal lines and children were studying in the Beth Sepher – the House of the Book” (response to 
+Millard [352]). 
+ 
+
+ 
+ 
+D C Duling 
+HTS 58(2) 2002 
+ 
+543 
+however, hold the opposite opinion (cf Ackroyd and Evans 1970:37; Bar-Ilan 1988:22).  
+Shaye Cohen (1987:120) judges that compulsory education for Judaean children was not 
+likely.  Thus, it seems likely that the literacy level of ancient Judaeans and Christ 
+believers probably did not exceed 10%.56 
+ 
+Oral communication was still important in some circles;57 others could read 
+without the ability to write; still others possessed “craftsman‟s literacy.”  These variants 
+do not vitiate the importance and status of those who were “scribaliterate.”  The level of 
+sophistication in the Gospel of Matthew surely requires us to focus on scribaliteracy at a 
+very high level, certainly higher than that of artisans, village scribes, and school teachers.  
+Indeed, the Matthean scribe comes very close to the role of Torah scholar – at least in the 
+groups for which he writes.  In terms of the distribution system, the Matthean author 
+ranked very high in professional, educational, and religious power – higher than retainer 
+status in the macrosociety.   
+ 
+This point can be reinforced by an analysis of literacy and power.  In the 
+Introduction to Literacy and Power in the Ancient World, Bowman and Woolf (1994) 
+offer the following five summary points about the essays in their collection:58 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+                                                          
+56  Millard (1992:339) admits that most reading and writing was carried out by professional scribes . 
+ 
+57  Papias of Hieropolis (ca 150 CE) is remembered by Eusebius to have said: “For I did not suppose that 
+the things from the books would aid me so much as the things from the living and continuing voice” 
+(Eusebius, Church History 3.5).  See the studies of Kelber (1997). 
+ 
+58  They state that many social anthropologists and historians are cautious about overstating the case for the 
+power of literacy and now tend to focus on local case studies, not generalizing grand theory.  For these 
+anthropologists and historians “[l]iteracy is not a single phenomenon but a highly variable package of skills 
+in using texts: it may or may not include writing as well as reading and is generally geared only to 
+particular genres of texts, particular registers of language and often only to only some of the languages used 
+in multilingual societies.  Moreover, literacy does not operate as an autonomous force in history, whether 
+for change, progress and emancipation or for repression.  Literacy does not of itself promote economic 
+growth, rationality or social success.  Literates do not necessarily behave or think differently from 
+illiterates, and no Great Divide separates societies with writing from those without it.  The invention of 
+writing did not promote a social or intellectual revolution, and reports of the death of orality have been 
+exaggerated” (Bowman & Woolf 1994:2-3).  Their collection is in part an attempt to redress the balance. 
+
+Matthew as marginal scribe 
+544 
+ 
+HTS 58(2) 2002 
+ 
+1. 
+Power is related to literacy in predominantly two ways: 
+ 
+ Power over texts, which means that “an elite or restricted group determines 
+both the status of particular kinds of texts and also which people or bodies 
+may use them to legitimize their behavior” (Bowman & Woolf 1994:6)59  
+ Power exercised through texts, which means that texts legitimize deeds and 
+spoken words though their (re)interpretation. 
+ 
+2. 
+Texts unite communities as well as establish and entrench relations of dominance.  
+Indeed, “[g]radations of literacy created and corresponded to gradations in power” 
+(Bowman and Woolf 1994:13).  
+3. 
+“In the administrative context of the Greek world and the Roman East, the title 
+and position of grammateus often did not simply describe a function but a 
+position with some status and power” (Bowman and Woolf 1994:10). 
+4. 
+In Judaean and Jesus Movement contexts the Greek and Semitic languages, like 
+Latin and Greek in the Empire, preserved and spread an elite culture that marked 
+social boundaries and reinforced “political and cultural coherence, or group 
+identity” (Bowman and Woolf 1994:12). 
+5. 
+Finally, in Judaean and Jesus Movement groups “the very act of writing a sacred 
+text could bestow status and power on the scribe” (Bowman and Woolf 1994:12; 
+for a critique of this view, see Schams 1998:58).  Such groups were “textual 
+communities” in which a “sacral graphocentrism” was at work. 
+ 
+In short, scribes possessed “literacy power,” indeed “Torah scholar power” in Jesus 
+Movement “textual communities,” especially when fewer than 10% were literate.  As 
+Goodman (1994:108) puts it, “[p]erhaps the two roles of scribes, as writers and 
+interpreters, were mutually reinforcing.”  The Matthean scribe possessed such power. 
+                                                          
+59  This power includes restrictions on writing, reading, access, and possession, and sometimes stress 
+education in a sacred language.  “The most common justification for such manipulation is religio” 
+(Bowman & Woolf 1994:12).  Their example is florilegia.  An analogy in Matthew would be the formula 
+quotations. 
+
+ 
+ 
+D C Duling 
+HTS 58(2) 2002 
+ 
+545 
+ 
+The author of the Gospel of Matthew was scribaliterate in an advanced agrarian 
+society, thus a scribe with power.  But even more, the old view that he was a Torah 
+scholar in his group is correct.  In what sense could one call him “marginal”? 
+ 
+8. 
+MARGINALITY 
+The title of this paper implies the term “marginal.” My initial comments above were a 
+first attempt at clarification a decade ago. Here I want to clarify my understanding of 
+marginality further. 
+ 
+First, a comment about models is in order.  The simplified macrosocial model of 
+an advanced agrarian society above is a stratification model, thus a vertical model; 
+similarly, the distribution system chart has been imagined in terms of several vertical 
+“class systems” (“the distribution system”).  Indeed, Mediterranean social relations 
+themselves have been described as “verticality” (MacMullen 1974:94; cf 51-73) and 
+typified by “pyramids of power” (Carney 1975); “high” and “low” are the ranking 
+categories.  Marginality, however, shifts the social-scientific imagination to center and 
+margin, with the potential for concentric circles.  Concentric circles are usually conceived 
+in two dimensions on a flat surface, as in a target, and are often employed for microsocial 
+group analysis (see, e.g., Malina 1986:98-126).60  It is also possible to describe insiders‟ 
+views of outsiders from this perspective; when they make value judgments from their 
+limited perspectives, perspectives they believe to be the center, they are “ethno-centric.” 
+It is possible to superimpose the vertical and center-margin models in various ways.  For 
+example, native judgments about “high” and “low” in the distribution system can be 
+ethnocentric.  Thus, Roman rulers might consider themselves to be at both the top and the 
+center.   
+ 
+I now want to shift attention to the center-margin model.  First, I sketch the term 
+and concept “marginality” based mainly on the typology of J M Billson (1988).  She 
+discusses three types of marginality, to which I have added a fourth: 
+ 
+ structural marginality; 
+ social role marginality;  
+                                                          
+60  I have recently used the concentric circle view in network analysis to describe the Jesus Movement 
+(Duling 1999b, 2000, 2001a, 2001b). 
+
+Matthew as marginal scribe 
+546 
+ 
+HTS 58(2) 2002 
+ cultural marginality; and  
+ ideological marginality. 
+ 
+I begin with structural marginality because it has dominated discussions of marginality 
+(sometimes used in New Testament study without much theoretical reflection61). 
+ 
+ Structural marginality is “.... the political, social and economic powerlessness of 
+certain disenfranchised and/or disadvantaged segments within societies” (Billson 
+1988:185; 189).62  In Gino Germani‟s (1980) analysis of Latin America63 
+marginals are people living in squatter settlements and segregated shantytowns.  
+They are usually the poor and oppressed.  They are denied access to goods and 
+services.  Often they are ethnic populations.  They are less developed groups in 
+contrast to the larger society.  Their norms, values, and attitudes contrast with 
+those of the majority culture.  Yet, they are not a totally separate class outside the 
+social structure.  They therefore represent a type of internal colonialism, “a 
+society within a society.”  They are usually found in developing countries and in 
+cities, but can also be found in developed countries and in rural settings 
+(“ecological marginality”).64 
+ 
+For Germani these marginal persons are normally non-elites dominated by 
+political, economic, and cultural elites; they are usually at the bottom of the social 
+hierarchy.  Macro-vertical and center/periphery models coalesce.  However – this 
+is an important point – in theory any persons in any social class can be 
+structurally marginal if they are excluded from participating in their expected 
+                                                          
+61  See my initial comments in this article.  Billson (1988:185 n 2) notes that a computer search will show 
+the predominance of this form of marginality. 
+ 
+62  Billson cites seventeen studies from 1974 to 1987.  In 1993, as noted at the beginning of this article, I 
+called this “involuntary marginality” (Duling 1993b). 
+ 
+63  Germani is founder of the Gino Germani Institute at the University of Buenos Aires. 
+ 
+64  At the explanatory level, Germani suggests five interrelated causes of marginality: (1) economic and 
+social (esp high unemployment); (2) political (domination by the powerful; limited participation on the 
+basis of class, race, gender, ethnicity); (3) demographic (high population density); (4) cultural (domination 
+of non-elites by elites; neo-[internal]colonialism; urban domination of rural); and (5) psychosocial (feelings 
+of helplessness; powerlessness; status inferiority; inadequate early socialization). 
+
+ 
+ 
+D C Duling 
+HTS 58(2) 2002 
+ 
+547 
+roles (Germani 1980:49).  From this perspective, Germani (1980:49) defines 
+structural marginality more broadly “… as the lack of participation of individuals 
+and groups in those spheres in which, according to determined criteria 
+[legitimated norms, values, ideologies], they might be expected to participate”.65 
+ Social Role Marginality is defined by Billson (1988:184) as “the product of 
+failure to belong to a [desired] positive reference group.”  This subcategory has 
+been isolated in part because sociologist Robert Merton (1957) located 
+marginality within “reference group theory.”  Modern examples are women and 
+minority persons who want to enter professions or positions previously denied 
+them.  In antiquity, there is much less potential for upward social mobility, but, to 
+stick with our topic, there are instances of masters sending their slaves to be 
+educated as scribes and of talented lower level scribes being rewarded with a 
+scribal position of higher status. 
+ “Cultural Marginality” is Billson‟s social-scientific and more inclusive language 
+for Park‟s (1931) social-psychological category “Marginal Man” (Billson 
+1988:184; see also Antonovsky 1956).66  Park had immigrants to the USA in 
+mind.  He described the Marginal Man as one who is “condemned” to live “in 
+between” two different, antagonistic cultural worlds without fully belonging to 
+either, who is “caught” between two competing cultures.  The “Marginal Man” 
+experiences “acceptance or rejection, belonging or isolation, in-group or out-
+group,” “ambiguities of status and role,” and finally “isolation, identity confusion, 
+and alienation.”  Similarly, Stonequist (1937:3) defined the “Marginal Man” as 
+                                                          
+65  Implied in this definition is Germani‟s analysis of three dimensions: (1) the legitimate exercise of social 
+roles (gender, age, civil status, occupation, social status); (2) “objective resources” (material, such as goods 
+and services, and non-material, such as education); and (3) “personal conditions” (attitudes, propensities, 
+motivations, behavior patters, intellectual capacity, and general and technical knowledge).  “… [I]n 
+whatever analysis, the interpretation of the data and situations, the empirical research and the diagnosis of 
+marginality must be made explicit with regard to the normative scheme, marginality criteria, and the 
+explanatory system utilized.”  (Germani 1980:54; italics mine).  “The normative scheme” in Germani‟s 
+definition and analysis refers to “the set of values and norms which define the categories (status), the 
+legitimate, expected, or tolerated areas of participation and the assignment mechanisms of individuals to 
+each category” (Germani 1980:50).  While consciousness of being marginal occurs quite easily in a rapidly 
+changing society (such as modern society), Germani‟s analysis is abstract enough to engage almost any 
+social system that offers competing normative schemes. 
+ 
+66  Park drew many insights from Simmel‟s (1908) essay on “the stranger.”  
+
+Matthew as marginal scribe 
+548 
+ 
+HTS 58(2) 2002 
+“...unwittingly initiated into two or more historic traditions, languages, political 
+loyalties, moral codes, or religions, one of which is more dominant.”  Those who 
+are culturally marginal do not fully assimilate; thus, they are said to be “in-
+between,” to have “status incongruence” (Schemmerhorn 1965:407) and psycho-
+logical uncertainty.  In a later book Park (1950) also extended his Marginal Man 
+concept to include races that never fully assimilate.  They never become part of 
+“the center,” but remain “marginal.” 
+In a recent study Lee (1995:48, 58) accepts the description of marginality 
+as being “in between” two antagonistic worlds without belonging to either.  
+However, he challenges 
+as 
+excessively 
+negative any social-scientific 
+interpretations that describe this “in between-ness” in terms of “maladjustment,” 
+“cultural schizophrenia,” “excessive self-consciousness,” and “extreme race 
+consciousness” (Lee 1995:62-63)67 Lee offers more positive evaluations, for 
+example, one can have the experience of being “in both” (sharing both cultures).  
+Paradoxically the culturally marginal person is “in both of them without either 
+being blended” (Lee 1995:62).  Lee goes further.  One can also experience “in 
+beyond” (at least in a pluralistic society, being a “new marginal person” 
+embodying a holistic state of being): “To transcend or to live in-beyond does not 
+mean to be free of the two different worlds in which persons exist, but to live in 
+both of them without being bound by either of them.  The new marginal person is 
+a liberated person, a person who is truly free ... (Lee 1995:63).68  
+                                                          
+67  See also Carter (2000:43-45), who in general draws heavily on Duling (1993).  In a footnote Billson 
+writes with respect to the so-called “maladjustments” of marginal persons: “The term „maladjustment‟ is 
+used here for convenience and lack of a more neutral term which would still embrace multiple potential 
+problems associated with marginality.  It is recognized that marginality may in fact produce innovation, 
+creativity, or other positive consequences for individual and/or society …  Nonetheless, the sense in which 
+marginality has been utilized historically (and is used here) implies that the person who experiences a 
+marginal role will be faced with special problems of “adjustment” which others in non-marginal roles will 
+not have to face” (Billson 1988:190, n 4).  Billson is obviously aware of the potentially negative sound of 
+the social-scientific analysis of marginality; nonetheless, her analysis is, indeed, subject to the criticism. 
+ 
+68  Lee could have gone further: the gene pool suggests that the very notion of “race” is rooted in nineteenth 
+century theories of evolution related to Euro-Americans‟ ethnocentric view of their cultural superiority 
+(Birx 1988).  Nonetheless, the race concept persists socially and psychologically. 
+ 
+
+ 
+ 
+D C Duling 
+HTS 58(2) 2002 
+ 
+549 
+ “Ideological Marginality” is not really discussed by Billson.69  I have derived it 
+from the anthropologist Victor Turner (1969, 1974): who developed it from the 
+ritual process.70 In rites of passage individuals or groups are separated, usually 
+physically, from the social system with its accepted statuses or roles marked by 
+law, custom, convention, and ceremonial.  They are initiated and then 
+reintroduced into the social system as neophytes with new, often higher, statuses.  
+Turner calls the initiation stage “marginal” or “liminal” (Latin limen: 
+“threshold”).  During this stage, initiates are said to be “betwixt and between,” 
+“neither here nor there” (Turner 1969:95), status-less, role-less, spontaneous, 
+sexlessness (sometimes symbolized by naked-ness), and anonymous; they 
+experience egalitarianism and intense comradeship.   
+ 
+Turner thinks of this marginality as “anti-structure” in contrast to 
+normative social structure.  He also calls it communitas.  “For me, communitas 
+emerges where social structure is not” (Turner 1969:126).  While communitas is 
+in the first place “spontaneous communitas,” and while there is an attempt to 
+make it “normative communitas,” it can also be chosen as a utopian vision of 
+society, or ideological communitas (Turner 1969:132).  Ideological communitas is 
+thus voluntary “outsiderhood” (Turner 1974:133), the ideal of the ecclesiola in 
+ecclesia.  “Communitas is what people really seek by voluntary poverty ... (Turner 
+1974:266).  In short, this is a different sort of marginality and from a different 
+analytical context.  It is a marginality of desired vision, or self-styled liminality.  It 
+consists of individuals and groups who consciously and by choice live outside the 
+normative statuses, roles, and offices of society (Turner 1974:133). 
+ 
+9. 
+THE AUTHOR OF MATTHEW AS A “MARGINAL SCRIBE”  
+Using these concepts, I now propose to refine the sense in which the scribe who wrote the 
+Gospel of Matthew might have been “marginal.” 
+ 
+Lenski‟s unrevised macromodel is useful for the post-70 Matthean gospel but it 
+needs to be combined with variables in the distribution system.  This means that the 
+                                                          
+69  Billson (1988:197) does mention voluntary homelessness.. 
+ 
+70  I originally called this marginality “voluntary marginality”  (Duling 1993:646-48). 
+ 
+
+Matthew as marginal scribe 
+550 
+ 
+HTS 58(2) 2002 
+retainer role of the scribe must be interpreted – qualified – with attention to other variables, 
+especially educational, occupational, and religious class rankings.   
+ 
+9.1 
+Structural Marginality 
+In structural marginality from Germani‟s perspective, center/marginal and vertical 
+upper/lower class models overlap.  Though by definition marginality can occur at any 
+level of the social hierarchy,  most marginal persons are at or near the lower end of the 
+social hierarchy.  In the Lenski macromodel they are especially the expendables, but 
+include lower peasants and artisans.  For Kautsky, their marginality would have been 
+greater because of their loss of land under a new redistribution system.71   
+ 
+However, if we broaden the analysis to include Lenski‟s distribution system, 
+marginals would include suspected enemies of the state (the political class system); 
+impoverished (the property class system); beggars, prostitutes, and unemployed (the 
+occupational class system); those not of one‟s ethnic group (the ethnic class system); the 
+illiterate and uneducated (the educational class system); pagans (the ethnic and religious 
+class systems); women (the gender class system); and those outside of one‟s kin group 
+(the family class system).  It is possible to glean from the Matthean story examples of 
+such marginal persons: forced laborers, day laborers, some slaves, tenant farmers, poor, 
+those in need of alms, eunuchs, ritually unclean, lepers, a woman with a hemorrhage, 
+women who follow Jesus, the diseased and infirm, the blind, the  lame, the deaf, the 
+dumb, the deformed, paralytics, demoniacs, epileptics, bandits and prostitutes.72 
+ 
+Seen from the Lenski macromodel a scribe would not have been structurally 
+marginal; he was a retainer of the elite.  He was literate, would have had a somewhat 
+higher social status and literacy power.  Descriptions of Judaean scribes, even if 
+idealized, could have an even higher status.  Though there is a spectrum, they could be 
+educated Torah scholars who played a significant role in political and religious affairs.  
+Ben Sira‟s ideal scribe certainly contributed to and reinforced this role perception; he 
+                                                          
+71  See also the analysis of Lenski and Kautsky by Crossan (1998:157-59). 
+ 
+72  Duling (1992a; 1993:653-54); see also Vledder (1997) for a similar application to Mark (cf Rohrbaugh 
+1993a; 1993b). 
+ 
+
+ 
+ 
+D C Duling 
+HTS 58(2) 2002 
+ 
+551 
+stated that scribes are ranked just below rulers.  From the macromodel perspective, 
+scribes were not structurally marginal. 
+ 
+If we take account of the distribution system, a similar picture emerges.  In the 
+political class system the Judaean scribe would have been part of the bureaucracy, in the 
+property class system he was moderately wealthy, and in the occupational system he was 
+an administrative official.  With respect to gender, scribes were normally male, though 
+according to Eusebius there were some women copyists (Haines-Eitzen 1998:629-46).73  
+With respect to kinship, there may have been some scribal families (Verhoogt 1998:53).  
+ 
+A problem arises, however, when the fuller range of scribes within the 
+occupational class system is considered, for it is necessary to add in village scribes and 
+other, lesser educated scribes, for example, scribes in voluntary associations.  Some of 
+these scribes were of relatively low status.  Should we see them as structurally marginal 
+in the most common sense?  In Lenski‟s macromodel they are certainly not among the 
+elite.  However, neither are they at the lower levels.  In micro-contexts – small villages, 
+groups, and the like – they would have a certain amount of status in view of the even lower 
+level of illiteracy.  Only in terms of Germani‟s broader definition – not being permitted to 
+fulfill one‟s expected role – might one conclude that such scribes were structurally 
+marginal, but that judgment would have pertained to scribes who had had a higher social 
+status – even Torah scholars within Judaism.  In other words, an ancient scribe could have 
+been structurally marginal vis-à-vis the macrosociety if he had been excluded from his 
+role as retainer by someone with higher scribal status or some elite patron.  From a 
+microsocial perspective, however, such scribes were not marginals.  Given levels of 
+literacy in antiquity, even scribes of relatively low status in the macrosociety would have 
+had relatively high status in villages or voluntary associations.  What becomes more 
+                                                          
+73  Eusebius writes: “As that time also Origen‟s commentaries on the divine scriptures had their beginning 
+at the instigation of Ambrose, who not only plied him with innumerable verbal exhortations and 
+encouragements, but also provided him unstintingly with what was necessary.  As [Origen] dictated there 
+were ready at hand more than seven shorthand writers (taxugra/foi), who relieved each other at fixed 
+times, and as many copyists (bibliogra/foi), as well as girls trained for beautiful writing (ko/raij e1pi\ to\ 
+kalligrafei=n h$skhme/naij); for all of these Ambrose supplied without stint the necessary means.  
+(Eusebius HE 6.23; trans LCC, modified by Haines-Eitzen). 
+ 
+
+Matthew as marginal scribe 
+552 
+ 
+HTS 58(2) 2002 
+significant, then, are “we-they” judgments of one group by another.  That is precisely what 
+we have in relation to the Pharisees and the Matthean group.   
+ 
+Even if the authors of Q and Mark are considered to be village scribes, as some 
+have suggested, it seems to me that the Matthean author exemplified a higher level 
+scribalism and, indeed, in the traditional Judaean religious context, approximated the role 
+of the Torah scholar.  This is indicated by his level of writing, his striking interpretations of 
+the Torah in relation to matters of Judaean concern, his possible bi-lingualism, and his 
+perceived Pharisaic opponents: “their scribes” and “their synagogues.” It might be 
+reinforced by his attention to details of wealth and the probability that he was urban.  While 
+this description of the Matthean scribe is common in Matthean studies, it also says that 
+from the perspective of structural marginality in the macrosociety the author of Matthew 
+was not a marginal scribe in the most usual sense of that term.  It is still possible, of course, 
+that he was marginal in the definitional sense of Germani: he was not fulfilling a role 
+expected of him.  However, that is quite conjectural.  Most important, in a “textual 
+community” in which a “sacral graphocentrism” was at work – even if the vast majority 
+could not read and the gospel functioned as a guide for community leaders – it suggests 
+that he had scribal power – over texts and through texts. 
+ 
+9.2 
+Social role marginality and ideological marginality 
+Germani‟s more inclusive definitional view is similar to Billson‟s notion of social role 
+marginality, and I would approach it the same way.  Had the Matthean writer been denied 
+his social role as a scribe in society at large?  It is not impossible, but conjectural.  It is 
+tantalizing to suggest that if he had, he would have regained prestige in his social role as 
+a leader of a marginal group that did not conform to the beliefs, norms, and behavior of 
+either the macrosociety or an emergent opponent group (the Pharisees).  In such a case, 
+his literacy power would have been transferred, even enhanced, in a “voluntary 
+association” (Duling 1998, 1999a).  Thus, ironically, being part of a voluntarily group 
+considered by outsiders to be marginal – ideological marginality – could easily have led 
+to status enhancement.  In other words, social role marginality in the macrosociety would 
+have been offset by social role leadership within the Matthean group.  While the author‟s 
+
+ 
+ 
+D C Duling 
+HTS 58(2) 2002 
+ 
+553 
+scribal leadership in his group can be defended (Duling 1995, 1997), this tantalizing 
+possibility remains, again, speculative.   
+ 
+9.3 
+Cultural marginality 
+Analyzing the Matthean author from the perspective of cultural marginality is more 
+promising if psychological “maladjustment” analyses are avoided.  The description 
+between two or more “historic traditions, languages, political loyalties, moral codes, and 
+religions” fits the Matthean author very well.  The most probable cause for his cultural 
+marginality is his ideological marginality, that is, his “voluntary outsiderhood” as a 
+member of a Christ-believing group.74  In other words, while he comes from the more 
+literate and educated classes, it aligns him with many who were structurally marginal (the 
+more common sense) in his group, that is, those at the bottom of the social ladder.   
+ 
+This “inbetween-ness” and the conflict, tensions, and stress that accompany seems 
+to pervade the gospel.  I illustrate with three major areas of debate and then with several 
+well known examples. 
+ 
+ “Jewish Christianity” or “Christian Judaism”?  Had the Matthean group separated 
+from Judaean groups (extra muros) or not (intra muros)?  Was this a group still 
+fundamentally within the various Israelite groupings as Kilpatrick, the early 
+Bornkamm, Hummel, W D Davies (and Allison), Goulder, Overman, Saldarini, 
+Levine, and Sim think?  Or was it a separatist Jesus Movement group as the later 
+Bornkamm, Stendahl, Schweizer, Hare, Trilling, Strecker, Kümmel, Luz, Stanton, 
+and Hagner believe?75  The literature is filled with cautious evaluations and 
+qualifications, so that the former often see some sort of transition beginning to 
+taking place, while the latter often think of some recent separation.  The 
+expressions “Christian Judaism” and “Jewish Christianity” have symbolized the 
+                                                          
+74  I suggested that it is, like the synagogue, a form of voluntary association that goes beyond the faction 
+coalition (Duling 1995a). 
+ 
+75  See the surveys in Rohde (1968); Stanton (1985, 1992); Davies & Allison (1997); and Senior (1999).  
+For Stanton see (1992a, 1992b): “shortly after a painful separation from Judaism” (p 142).  See his remarks 
+about Saldarini and in defense of his “new people”-separatism view (Stanton 1994:17).  Hare (2000) has 
+renewed his defense of this position. 
+ 
+
+Matthew as marginal scribe 
+554 
+ 
+HTS 58(2) 2002 
+fine line issue and some scholars attempt a mediating position.  Occasionally 
+referring to my earlier study, Donald Senior titles his recent contribution, 
+“Between two worlds: Gentile and Judaean Christians in Matthew‟s gospel.”76  I 
+suggest that such “in between-ness” would have been typical of a culturally 
+marginal scribe. 
+ The Mission.  Closely related to this question, scholars have long debated whether 
+the mission is to “the lost sheep of the house of Israel,” as Jesus is recorded to 
+have said in the mission speech (Mt 10:6; cp 15:24), or is to “all the peoples,” 
+often  understood as Gentiles, as the resurrected Jesus finally commands at the 
+end of the story (Mt 28:19).77  The difficulty of this question has led to mediating 
+solutions such as a both/and salvation historical sequence, or a both/and Gentile 
+mission that nonetheless is still open to Judaeans, or a both/and Diaspora mission 
+that does not exclude Gentiles.  Such ambiguity would have been typical of a 
+culturally marginal scribe. 
+ Was our scribe himself a Judaean or a Gentile?  His focus on the Scripture and 
+Torah matters have led most scholars, especially those who think of the gospel as 
+Judaean, to think of some kind of Judaean author.  But would a Judaean have used 
+Hebrew poetic parallelism so oddly and not mention circumcision?78  What of the 
+apparent confusion about parties mentioned at the outset of this paper?  John 
+Meier (1991:18), who holds that the author was a Gentile, lists in support the 
+views of Clark, Nepper-Christensen, Strecker, Trilling, Walker, Van Tilborg, 
+Pesch, and Franke-mölle, though not all are quite so explicit.  I suggest that the 
+author was a marginal Judaean scribe who was “in between” in a variety of ways, 
+thus giving rise to difficulty of answering the question. 
+ 
+These are three major issues in Matthean research, all of which look slightly different 
+under the lens of cultural marginality.  Let us briefly note several other possibilities. 
+                                                          
+76  Senior (1999); near his conclusion he develops my 1993 study of marginality. 
+ 
+77  On the interpretation of “all the ethnē” as “all the Gentiles,” see Hare and Harrington (1975).  Recently, 
+see Jackson (2000). 
+   
+78  For the view that circumcision is taken for granted in the gospel, see Sim (1996). 
+
+ 
+ 
+D C Duling 
+HTS 58(2) 2002 
+ 
+555 
+9.4 
+Consider politics 
+On the one hand, there is an implied political conflict with the elite in the story of Herod 
+and the infant Jesus, as Horsley (1989b) has argued, and many anti-elitist political stances 
+lie just under the surface of the story, as Warren Carter (1004, 2000, 2001) thinks.  Yet, 
+Pontius Pilate seems to get off fairly easily.  Again, had the author of Matthew held a 
+position in administration at one time?  Was he not “in between” with regard to the larger 
+political world? 
+ 
+9.5 
+Consider economics 
+What was our scribe‟s position on wealth?  On the one hand, Jesus‟ parable says that 
+those who feed the hungry, give drink to the thirsty, welcome the stranger, clothe the 
+naked, and visit the sick and imprisoned will be rewarded at the judgment.  This parable 
+has been seen as a paradigm for the gospel (Mt 25:31-46; see Donahue 1986).  Yet, 
+Jesus‟ beatitude is, “Blessed are the poor in spirit,” not “you poor,” as in Luke, and in the 
+anointing at Bethany story Jesus observes that, “you always have the poor with you” (Mt 
+26:11).  He consistently uses large sums of money (see Kingsbury 1978).  The tendency 
+today is to link the writer with an urban context and wealth.  Had he not yet fully 
+identified with the lower level structural marginals in his groups? 
+ 
+9.6 
+Consider gender 
+Had our scribe moved beyond the patriarchalism of his culture? On the one hand, the 
+faith of the Canaanite woman – also a Gentile – is so great that Jesus heals her daughter 
+(Mt 15:21-28; see Anderson 1983:10-17) and the woman at Bethany will be remembered 
+for her symbolic act (Mt 26:6-13).  Yet, the male Jesus and his male disciples control the 
+story and it is men who have the lusty eye (Mt 5:27).  Again, while patriarchalism 
+dominates, there are tensions typical of a cultural marginal. 
+ 
+This is only a sampling of possibilities.  One might add “between languages,”79 
+“between Torah conservatism and Torah abandonment,”80 “between fasting approp-
+                                                          
+79  The problem is whether his scriptural citations, which represent Hebrew, Aramaic, Greek, and Syriac, 
+represent language versions or simply a text tradition still in flux. 
+ 
+80  Mt 5:17-20 compared with the antitheses in Mt 5:21-48; my view is in Duling (1991). 
+
+Matthew as marginal scribe 
+556 
+ 
+HTS 58(2) 2002 
+riately and not fasting at all,”81 and the like.  Each in its own way might illustrate the “in 
+between-ness” of the cultural marginal.   
+ 
+The Matthean scribe was culturally marginal.  He was clearly “in-between.” This 
+seems clear in the “in-between-ness” of his own leadership role.  Though he perpetuated 
+the radical Jesus movement tradition, especially represented by Q, he was, in Lucretia 
+Yaghjian‟s (1996:209) terms, scribaliterate and inserted “have you not read ... ?” into 
+four challenge-riposte settings, which hints at his own view of the power of literacy.82  He 
+asserted his power over sacred texts by his choices of quotations and how they are to be 
+read.  He asserted his power through the sacred texts by his notion of fulfillment.  He 
+asserted such power also by his redaction of the Jesus sources and traditions.  Yet, he was 
+an ideological marginal (and perhaps a social role marginal) who associated with and 
+gave hope to the structurally marginal in the narrower sense.  That is one main reason 
+why his narrative is “gospel.” 
+ 
+10. 
+IMPLICATIONS FOR THE MATTHEAN SOCIAL CONTEXT 
+What about the Matthean scribe‟s first readers or hearers? 83  Recently Richard Bauckham 
+(1999) has put forth the view that scholars have simply assumed but not argued that each 
+evangelist wrote his gospel for one specific community.  His alternative proposition is 
+that the gospels were not written for a specific community, as were Paul‟s letters, but for 
+all the churches of the Jesus Movement.84  
+ 
+Graham Stanton‟s suggestion some years ago, that the First Gospel may have 
+circulated as a “foundation document” in a cluster of Judaean Christ-believing commu-
+nities, seems to be a middle ground.  For Stanton (1994:17), those communities were 
+probably in Syria and the gospel story offered “legitimizing answers” for a “new 
+                                                          
+81  Jesus‟ disciples are said not to have fasted but the narrative says that Jesus himself did (Mt 4:2) and that 
+the wedding guests would fast after the bridegroom is taken away (Mt 9:14-17); indeed, it offers 
+instructions on how to fast (Mt 6:16-18). 
+ 
+82  Mt 12:3, 5 to Pharisees (about David and the priests); Mt 19:4 to High Priests and (their) scribes (out of 
+the mouth of babes); Mt 21:42 to Pharisees, chief priests, and elders of the people (rejected cornerstone); 
+Mt 22:31 to Sadducees (I am the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob). 
+ 
+83  For my view on authorial readers and real readers, see Duling (1998, 1999a). 
+ 
+84  My thanks to Andries van Aarde for pointing me to Bauckham‟s interesting paper. 
+
+ 
+ 
+D C Duling 
+HTS 58(2) 2002 
+ 
+557 
+people.”85  Stanton‟s less ambitious regional hypothesis seems to me more likely.  
+Probably an evangelist knew of Christ-believing groups within a particular region.  This 
+more limited view fits some things that we know about regionalism, for example, clusters 
+of towns and villages and networking among them. 
+ 
+Elaine Wainwright (1999) suggests that we need to take the 90-95% of the 
+population, the structurally marginal ones mentioned in the gospel, more seriously.  I 
+have listed some of them above. 
+ 
+If we put these two suggestions together, it is possible that local scribal recipients 
+of gospels read them aloud to Christ-believing groups in a particular region and these 
+groups consisted mainly of structurally marginal persons in the usual sense (Paul‟s 
+majority in 1 Corinthians 1).  Indeed, “Let the reader understand” already in Mark 
+(13:14; Mt 24:15: o( a)naginw/skwn noei/tw) might have been an “aside” (if it was not a 
+gloss) to a public house-church reader who would need to explain the code language to 
+his assembled listeners.  In the Matthean gospel this could be correlated with the many 
+admonitions about right hearing and understanding.86  If the author was a scribe, as I 
+have assumed and argued in this paper, there is an analogy in the network of scribes in 
+ancient Egypt (see Appendix 3).  If we consider the Matthean scribe to be a Torah scholar 
+with some authority in his network, he may well have written a gospel story that others, 
+perhaps village scribes, would have read to their listeners.  The Matthean author might be 
+analogous to the Basilikos Grammateus who writes to topogrammatei=j or 
+kwmogrammatei=j in the churches (voluntary associations) of the towns and villages of 
+his region (see Appendix 3).87 
+ 
+I have suggested that the Matthean scribe was a cultural marginal.  His cultural 
+marginality, evidenced by a number of ambiguities, can be found scattered throughout his 
+                                                          
+85  His clearly has Mt 21:43 in mind: “Therefore I tell you, the kingdom of God will be taken away from 
+you and given to a people [e!qnh] producing the fruits of it.” 
+ 
+86  Hearing: 11:15; 13:9, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 26, 43; 15:8, 10; 21:16, 33, 45; 22:22, 33; 
+15:8, 10; 21:16, 33, 45; 22:23; understanding: 11:25; 13:13, 14, 15, 19, 23; 15:10; 16; 24:15 (see 
+Wainwright 1999). 
+ 
+87  The Menches archives mention “brother officials” (Appendix 3); curiously, I have argued that the 
+Matthean ekklēsia is something like a brotherhood.  In the sense just described, one would have to think of a 
+cluster of churches/brotherhoods. 
+ 
+
+Matthew as marginal scribe 
+558 
+ 
+HTS 58(2) 2002 
+gospel.  That cultural marginality may have grown out of his ideological marginality 
+which identified him, though somewhat incompletely, with the structurally marginal.88 In 
+other words, his “in between-ness” may have grown out of his voluntary association with 
+the have-nots and those who do not participate in the roles expected of them – in those 
+communities where his story was read and heard.   
+ 
+In short, marginality, especially cultural marginality, enhances what it means to 
+be a scribe “instructed for the Kingdom bringing out of his storehouse what is old and 
+what is new.” 
+                                                          
+88  For my view on ideology and society, see Duling (1997). 
+
+ 
+ 
+D C Duling 
+HTS 58(2) 2002 
+ 
+559 
+APPENDIX I: 
+CASTE, CLASS, AND STRUCTURAL MARGINALITY 
+To speak of marginality it is necessary to have some conception of the center.  In 
+Germani‟s work that center is the “normative scheme.”  A complication is that Germani‟s 
+analysis highlights “modernization” and modern consciousness.  A further complication 
+is that to a certain extent the very notion of marginality came about historically because 
+of the industrial revolution and modern conceptions about political freedom, economic 
+development, and secure employment.  Thus, one must be cautious in applying such 
+concepts to ancient society.  I have assumed that they are useable at a rather high level of 
+abstraction. 
+ 
+Germani says that there are instances where the normative system is so 
+internalized that there is no consciousness of marginality.  In such cases a stratified social 
+system is seen as part of the  
+ 
+… natural or divine order, usually rationalized in religious or equivalent 
+terms.  This is the case of a caste society…: slaves see themselves as their 
+masters see them.  In such a society the very concept of marginality does not 
+emerge as a social perception scheme.  In effect, this occurs only when 
+participation becomes problematic or conflicting because there exists more 
+than one normative scheme (or it has become internally incoherent), and/or 
+necessary resources do not exist, or not accessible, and/or members of one or 
+more categories do not possess required personal conditions. 
+ 
+(Germani 1980:52) 
+ 
+Mediterranean society was not a rigid caste society; yet, it was highly stratified and one 
+might make the argument that in some ways it was more like a caste society than a 
+modern society.  How acute could the consciousness of marginality have been?  
+Certainly, the existence of political and familial, as well as economic, social, and 
+religious reform movements (factions, parties, sects, philosophical movements, etc) 
+suggests that a marginal consciousness was possible.  To help reflect about such 
+questions, consider Germani‟s Table 1 as a model.  Here Germani criss-crosses three 
+possible degrees of participation in the “normative structure” with four possible kinds of 
+consciousness of marginality.  
+
+Matthew as marginal scribe 
+560 
+ 
+HTS 58(2) 2002 
+GERMANI’S TABLE 1 (pp 66-67) 
+Degree of participation in terms of power, and/or 
+prestige, and/or wealth, and/or education, et cetera 
+Consciousness of 
+one‟s own and/or 
+alien marginality 
+Highly favored 
+sectors  
+(elites) 
+Middle or low 
+participating sectors 
+(partial marginality) 
+Marginal sectors 
+(generalized 
+marginality) 
+ 
+No consciousness 
+of 
+marginality 
+A 
+Established con-
+servative elites 
+(strictly defending 
+the status quo) 
+B 
+Middle and/or pop-
+ular sectors, es-
+tablished, conser-
+vative or apathetic 
+(defending the status 
+quo) 
+C 
+Marginal sectors, 
+apathetic, and/or 
+submissive in reli-
+gious and/or tradi-
+tional terms 
+ 
+Consciousness of 
+only one‟s own 
+marginality 
+D 
+Partially displaced 
+elites (intra-elite 
+conflicts; “palace 
+rebellions”) 
+E 
+Partially available 
+and/or mobilizabile 
+mass (reformist 
+movements) 
+F 
+Marginal people to-
+tally or partially  
+available and mobil-
+izable with propen- 
+sity to change, 
+migrate, “develop 
+the community” 
+(socio-political 
+movements) 
+ 
+Consciousness of 
+one‟s own and 
+alien marginality 
+G 
+Elites partially 
+displaced (reformist 
+or revolutionary 
+propensity in 
+alliance with other 
+sectors, exercising 
+leadership) 
+H 
+Available or 
+mobilizable mass 
+(reformist or 
+revolutionary 
+propensity, in 
+alliance with other 
+sectors) 
+I 
+ 
+ 
+(Slightly probable) 
+ 
+Consciousness of 
+only alien 
+marginality 
+J 
+Established elites 
+(reformist 
+tendencies; change 
+within the 
+established order) 
+K 
+Established middle 
+and popular sectors 
+(reformist 
+tendencies) 
+L 
+(Improbable or 
+impossible) 
+ 
+One might correlate the three degrees of participation (across the top) with various levels 
+of vertical stratification in the macromodel and distribution system.  Consciousness of 
+marginality might be correlated with various types of groups and movements within that 
+society.  The author of Matthew might be put in the G quadrant and most structurally 
+marginal persons in the C and F quadrants. 
+
+ 
+ 
+D C Duling 
+HTS 58(2) 2002 
+ 
+561 
+APPENDIX 2: 
+CULTURAL MARGINALITY AND CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 
+J W Berry (1990:210) is interested in the degree to which groups or persons in an 
+acculturating group (B) want or do not want to assimilate to the dominant group (A).  He 
+posits four degrees of acculturation, only one of which leads to marginality.  Reminiscent 
+of the classical formulations of cultural marginality (“the Marginal Man”), he refers to a 
+person who is “trapped between his two possible identity groups, neither accepting nor 
+being accepted by them.  As a result he retreats into the social and behavioral sink of 
+marginalization ....” (Berry 1990:218).   I have transformed his question-answer data-
+gathering model into quadrants that might be useful for reflecting about antiquity. 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+Model: Four Degrees of Acculturation  
+ 
+Berry wants to illustrate what happens to the behavior of people as a result of culture 
+contact over time.  In the following figure the four types of acculturation (vertical axis) 
+are related to phases of developing stress over time (horizontal axis).  I have suggested in 
+the paper that statements about psychological “maladjustment” in interpretations of 
+cultural marginality (critiqued by Lee) be replaced by more neutral social-scientific terms 
+from the following figure, that is, conflict, tension, and stress.89  In this figure, cultural 
+marginality in Matthew is characterized by conflict and increased tension.90 
+                                                          
+89  For a similar attempt to de-psychologize psychological stress theories themselves, see Duling (2001a). 
+ 
+90  Malina (1986b) has suggested that a degree of sociological ambivalence is culturally acceptable. 
+IT IS NOT A VALUE TO 
+MAINTAIN CULTURAL IDENTITY 
+AND CHARACTERISTICS 
+IT IS A VALUE TO MAINTAIN 
+CULTURAL IDENTITY AND 
+CHARACTERISTICS 
+    INTEGRATION 
+SEPARATION 
+IT IS A 
+VALUE TO 
+MAINTAIN 
+RELATION-
+SHIPS WITH 
+OTHER 
+GROUPS 
+IT IS NOT A 
+VALUE TO 
+MAINTAIN 
+RELATION-
+SHIPS WITH 
+OTHER 
+GROUPS 
+    ASSIMILATION 
+MARGINALIZATION 
+
+Matthew as marginal scribe 
+562 
+ 
+HTS 58(2) 2002 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+[] 
+[] 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+  PHASE:           precontact     contact            conflict 
+       crisis 
+   adaptations 
+ 
+   (time           ) 
+ 
+ACCULTURATIVE 
+ 
+     STRESS       low 
+       stressors        tension 
+           high 
+        variable 
+       PHENOMENA:      stress 
+       appear 
+       increases           stress 
+         stress 
+ 
+Figure: Degree of Cultural and Psychological Change as a Function of Phases and 
+Varieties of Acculturation 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+Adopting Berry‟s cross-cultural social acculturation language of conflict, tension, 
+and stress might help to counteract the “maladjustment” (e g, social illness) language of 
+some interpretations of cultural marginality. 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+   Rela- 
+   tive  
+   degree  
+   of  
+   cultural  
+   and 
+   behav- 
+   ioral  
+   change 
+HIGH 
+LOW 
+Assimilation 
+Integration 
+Separation 
+Marginalization 
+
+ 
+ 
+D C Duling 
+HTS 58(2) 2002 
+ 
+563 
+Appendix 3: 
+ 
+ 
+Country 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+Dioiketes 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+Nome 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+District 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+Village 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+Lines of Correspondence between Menches, the Village Scribe, and his superiors 
+and subordinates (Verhoogt 1998:71) 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+strategos 
+overseer of the 
+revenues 
+Basilikos 
+Grammateus 
+overseer of the 
+assignment of 
+katoikoi hippeis 
+topogrammateus 
+Menches 
+“brother 
+officials” 
+komarches 
+
+Matthew as marginal scribe 
+564 
+ 
+HTS 58(2) 2002 
+Works consulted 
+Ackroyd, P R & Evans, C F 1970.  The Cambridge history of the Bible.  Cambridge: 
+Cambridge University Press.  Vol 1. 
+Alföldy, G 1985.  The social history of Rome, tr by D Braund & F Pollock.  Totowa, NJ: 
+Barnes and Noble Books. 
+Anderson, J C 1995.  Life on the Mississippi: New currents in Matthaean scholarship 
+1983-1993 [bibliog].  Currents in research: Biblical Studies 3, 169-218 (a version 
+discussed at SBL, 1995) . 
+Anderson, J C 1998.  Response to Donald Senior‟s “Directions in Matthean Studies.” 
+Matthew Group, Society of Biblical Literature, Orlando, Florida, 1998. 
+Antonovsky, A 1956.  Toward a refinement of the “Marginal man” concept.  Social 
+Forces 35:57-62. 
+Arlandson, J M 1997.  Women, class, and society in early Christianity: Models from 
+Luke-Acts.  Peabody, MA: Hendrickson. 
+Arnal, W E 1995.  The rhetoric of marginality: Apocalypticism, gnosticism, and sayings 
+Gospels.  HTR 4, 471-94. 
+Arnal, W E 1997.  Gendered couplets in Q and legal formulations: From rhetoric to social 
+history.  JBL 116/1, 75-94. 
+Ascough, R S 1998.  Matthew and community formation.  Lecture draft for the William 
+G Thompson memorial, “The gospel of Matthew in current study.”  Delivered 
+June 13, 1998, at Loyola University of Chicago.   
+Bacon, B W 1930.  Studies in Matthew.  New York: Henry Holt. 
+Baker, D W 1994.  Scribes as transmitters of tradition, in Millard, A R, Hoffmeier, J K & 
+Baker, D W (eds), Faith, tradition, and history: Old Testament historiography in 
+its Near Eastern context, 65-77.  Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns. 
+Bar-Ilan, M 1988.  Part two: Scribes and books in the late second commonwealth and 
+rabbinic period, in Sysling, H (ex ed) & Mulder, M J (ed) Mikra, 21-37.  
+Philadelphia: Fortress Press. 
+Baron, S W 1952.  A social and religious history of the Jews: I, to the beginning of the 
+Christian era; II, Christian Era – The first five centuries.  2nd ed.  New York: 
+Columbia University Press. 
+
+ 
+ 
+D C Duling 
+HTS 58(2) 2002 
+ 
+565 
+Bendix, R 1978.  Kings or people: Power and the mandate to rule.  Berkeley, CA: 
+University of California Press. 
+Berry, J W 1990.  Psychology of acculturation, in Berman, J J (ed), Nebraska symposium 
+on motivation, 1989, vol 37: Cross cultural perspectives, 201-34.  Lincoln and 
+London: University of Nebraska Press.   
+Bickerman, E 1988.  The Jews in the Greek age.  Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 
+Billson, J M 1988.  No owner soil: The concept of marginality revisited on its sixtieth 
+birthday.  International Review of Modern Sociology 18, 183-204. 
+Birx, H J 1988.  Human variation, adaptation, and ecology, in Birx, Human evolution, 
+241-48-42.  Springfield: Charles C Thomas. 
+Bornkamm, G 1963.  The stilling of the storm in Matthew, in Bornkamm, G, Barth, G & 
+Held, H J, Tradition and interpretation in Matthew, 52-57, tr by P Scott.  
+Philadelphia, PA: Westminster Press. 
+Bowman, A K and Woolf, G (eds) 1994.  Literacy and power in the ancient world.  
+Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 
+Carney, T F 1975.  The shape of the past: Models and antiquity.  Lawrence, KA: 
+Coronado Press. 
+Carter, W 1994.  Households and discipleship: A study of Matthew 19-20.  JSNT Suppl.  
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+ 
+ 
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/95aebb603e86f91c.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/95aebb603e86f91c.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..95e21449cc5ff3d205b2a354f2cd5a765f2273ba
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@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+RETRACTED ARTICLE: Les structures des phrases dans les tracts du mai 1968
+
+This article was retracted on 16 October 2019. May 1968 was one of the most important events in French after the Second World War. The movement began on 3 may by the students and was able to invite other groups until June 1968. It was marked by the action of May 13, 1968, which involves workers to participate in events with students. Success cannot be done without the pamphlets as a means of communication to invite and mobilize the community to carry out the demonstration and general strike. Yet, in the making of pamphlets we should take care of the choice of words and sentences due to space limitations. Using qualitative methods and literature study techniques, this article describes the sentential structure of calls to the corpus of action to pamphlets, based on Querler‘s theory of sentence structure (1994). The freedom of the authors towards space limitations led to structural differences in each pamphlet becoming corpus. However, the use of optional expansion, the compilation of sentences and the use of punctuation significantly facilitated two groups of society in the action of May 13, 1968 to understand the reasons for and the objectives of the action to implement.
\ No newline at end of file
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+Modern forensic psychiatric hospital design: clinical, legal and structural aspects
+
+Forensic psychiatric care must be provided within the least restrictive setting possible, whilst simultaneously maintaining appropriate levels of security. This presents particular challenges for the design of forensic psychiatric hospitals, which are required to provide both a therapeutic and a safe material environment, often for extended periods of treatment and rehabilitation. By taking into consideration variable trends in psychiatric service provision and myriad clinical, legal and ethical issues, interdisciplinary forensic facility design teams are at the very forefront in implementing the latest developments in medical architecture. Also, although there are significant differences in how forensic psychiatric services are organized around the world, the underlying clinical challenges and increasingly research-based treatment principles are similar worldwide; it is therefore becoming less acceptable to operate and develop national forensic services without reference to international standards. Accordingly, we here review the literature on what features of forensic psychiatric facilities best serve the needs of those patients who need to rely on them, and we present a systematic and widely applicable approach to the complex and costly challenge of modern forensic psychiatric hospital design.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/97d50622f48e1b34.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/97d50622f48e1b34.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9c10739e6ddeada2bcc79b7cc479159b6082a7ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/corpus/humanities/text/97d50622f48e1b34.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Correction: Do intangible factors enhance sociocultural productivity and economy in world heritage sites?
+
+A correction refers to a change to their article that the author wishes to publish after publication. The publication of this article is subject to Frontiers' editorial approval. Instructions: ● Please read through all the templates before choosing ● Pick the most relevant text template(s) from the following page and delete all others. ● Edit the text as necessary, ensuring that the original incorrect text is included for the record, please see the below. ● Please do not use any extra formatting when editing the templates, and only modify the red text unless absolutely necessary ● Submit to Frontiers following the instructions on this page. When the original text contained incorrect information, to preserve the scientific record, please include that text when editing the below templates. For example: There was a mistake in the Funding statement, an incorrect number was used. The correct number is "2015C03Bd051.". The publisher apologizes for this mistake. The original version of this article has been updated. In the published article, there was a mistake in the Funding statement. The funding statement for the Key Development Project of the Department of Science and Technology was displayed as "2015CBd051". The correct statement is "Key Development Project of Department of Science and Technology (2015C03Bd051).'' Correction: INSERT TITLE OF ORIGINAL ARTICLE Incorrect funding Funder name incorrect An incorrect Funding statement was provided. The correct funder is the European Union, the European Regional Development Fund and the Regional Government of Extremadura. The correct funding statement reads: This publication has been 85% co-financed by the European Union, the European Regional Development Fund, and the Regional Government of Extremadura. Managing Authority: Ministry of Finance. File No.: GR24083. The original version of this article has been updated. End of template. If you would like to request a correction for a reason not seen here, please contact the journal's editorial office.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/97f596257f1ec65a.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/97f596257f1ec65a.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b14da752881b180e289cac63c0f3da1aab45d33d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/corpus/humanities/text/97f596257f1ec65a.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+Correction: Cattle on the rocks: Understanding cattle mobility, diet, and seasonality in the Iberian Peninsula: The Middle Neolithic site of Cova de les Pixarelles (Tavertet, Osona)
+
+[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0317723.].
+
+PLOS One | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0328468  July 15, 2025
+1 / 2
+ 
+ OPEN ACCESS
+Citation: Alcàntara Fors R, Madgwick R, 
+Viñas-Caron LC, Nederbragt AJ, Saña Seguí M 
+(2025) Correction: Cattle on the rocks: 
+Understanding cattle mobility, diet, and 
+seasonality in the Iberian Peninsula: The Middle 
+Neolithic site of Cova de les Pixarelles (Tavertet, 
+Osona). PLoS One 20(7): e0328468. https://
+doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0328468
+Published: July 15, 2025
+Copyright: © 2025 Alcàntara Fors et al. This is 
+an open access article distributed under the 
+terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 
+License, which permits unrestricted use, 
+distribution, and reproduction in any medium, 
+provided the original author and source are 
+credited.
+CORRECTION
+Correction: Cattle on the rocks: 
+Understanding cattle mobility, diet, 
+and seasonality in the Iberian Peninsula: 
+The Middle Neolithic site of Cova de les 
+Pixarelles (Tavertet, Osona)
+Roger Alcàntara Fors, Richard Madgwick, Laura C. Viñas-Caron, 
+Alexandra J. Nederbragt, Maria Saña Seguí 
+There are errors in the Funding statement. The correct Funding statement 
+is as ­follows: R.A. is supported by the Margarita Salas Postdoctoral Grant 
+(730263), funded by the Ministerio de Universidades and the European Union-­
+NextGenerationEU. M.S. acknowledges financial support from the Institució Cata­
+lana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) through the ICREA Academia program 
+(2021–2). This research was funded by the ANIMAL FARM (PID2020–115715GB-I00/
+AEI/10.13039/501100011033) and FRACTURES (PID2023-00X152137IV0) projects, 
+both financed by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, with M.S. 
+as PI, and by the project Convocatoria de analíticas 2022–2023: Estudios paleo­
+moleculares de restos de fauna de yacimientos neolíticos del Noreste peninsular: 
+­dilucidando la alimentación, reproducción y movilidad de los primeros rebaños 
+domésticos (Palarq 2022/23–82), funded by the Palarq Foundation and also led by 
+M.S. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision 
+to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
+The reference citation in Fig 2 caption is incorrect. Please see the correct Fig 2 
+caption here.
+The dataset includes the results of Bos taurus mandible samples from Cova 
+de les Pixarelles (n = 5) and Bos taurus baseline values from the sites of Cova 
+de les Pixarelles (n = 11), La Draga (n = 19) and Reina Amàlia (n = 4) prepared 
+for this study and previously published values [74] from La Draga (n = 2) and 
+Reina Amàlia (n = 2). The polygons represent the bivariate range for each 
+dataset.
+Reference
+	1.	 Alcàntara Fors R, Madgwick R, Viñas-Caron LC, Nederbragt AJ, Saña Seguí M. Cattle on the rocks: 
+Understanding cattle mobility, diet, and seasonality in the Iberian Peninsula. The Middle Neolithic site 
+of Cova de les Pixarelles (Tavertet, Osona). PLoS One. 2025;20(1):e0317723. https://doi.org/10.1371/
+journal.pone.0317723 PMID: 39870032
+
+PLOS One | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0328468  July 15, 2025
+2 / 2
+Fig 2.  Scatter plot with the. δ13C and δ15N values of Bos taurus from Cova de les Pixarelles, 
+LaDraga and Reina Amàlia.
+https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0328468.g002
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/99ba8b92a6149b59.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/99ba8b92a6149b59.txt
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@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+Correction to: Jacobsen, Kurt “Loose Ends: Considerations on the Aftermaths of the Celtic Tiger and the Northern 'Troubles'.”
+
+Corrections have been made to the first page, including the two quotations that begin the article, and the first full paragraph. The original article can be found via the doi athttp://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jwsr.2016.637
+
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+New articles in this journal are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 United States License. 
+ 
+This journal is published by the University Library System, University of Pittsburgh as part of 
+its D-Scribe Digital Publishing Program and is cosponsored by the University of Pittsburgh Press. 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+  JOURNAL OF WORLD-SYSTEMS RESEARCH 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+Correction to: Jacobsen, Kurt “Loose Ends: Considerations on the 
+Aftermaths of the Celtic Tiger and the Northern 'Troubles'.” Journal of 
+World-Systems Research 22 (1): 134-144. jwsr.2016.637 
+ 
+ 
+Jackie Smith 
+University of Pittsburgh 
+jgsmith@pitt.edu 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ISSN: 1076-156X   |   Vol. 23   Issue 1 Pages 221-222 |                           
+DOI 10.5195/JWSR.2017.703   |   jwsr.org 
+Abstract 
+Corrections have been made to the first page, including the two quotations that begin the article, 
+and the first full paragraph. The original article can be found via the doi at  
+http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jwsr.2016.637 
+ 
+
+ 
+Journal of World-System Research   |   Vol. 23  Issue 1 |  Loose Ends Erratum 
+ 
+jwsr.org   |   DOI 10.5195/JWSR.2017.703 
+222 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+Erratum 
+ 
+1. The first page of the article now reads as follows: 
+ 
+"If you wish to know what the spirit of conquest, religious hatred, combined with all the abuses of 
+aristocracy without any of its advantages, can produce, come to Ireland." - Alexis de Tocqueville, 
+18351 
+"I remember when the market took off, about 1988/89 . . . We'd no idea it was going to 
+escalate into what it did. Nobody had experienced the type of boom that came. There was a lot of 
+money made in that period. People who cashed in did very well." - An Irish auctioneer, 20052 
+ 
+ 
+From the imperially imposed destitution rued by aristocratic iconoclasts Tocqueville and 
+Beaumont to the epic financial meltdown imposed by domestic quasi-aristocratic bankers and 
+allied insiders is quite a rocky journey, but one with steady themes: deference to authority, 
+comprador capitulation to external forces, celebration of the conventional, and exclusion or 
+erasure of anyone the least bit critical of elite schemes…3  
+ 
+ 
+Full Text Original Article 
+http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jwsr.2016.637 
+ 
+                                                                                                                                                             
+1 Larkin, 1990: 26: Beaumont, 1839. 
+2 MacIntyre, 2005: 161-162. 
+3 On the authoritarian strain in political culture see Ferriter, 2005. 
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/9d0d7e5a021be30f.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/9d0d7e5a021be30f.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3eee468d68b6b4e308f194d67d3f528f98319928
--- /dev/null
+++ b/corpus/humanities/text/9d0d7e5a021be30f.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,963 @@
+Fraseología y variación diatópica en español
+
+La dialectología es subdisciplina que tiene su propia metodología y fundamentos, con un considerable acervo de datos sobre la variación, especialmente fonética (segmental) y léxica, tal como recogen numerosos Atlas Lingüísticos. Otros niveles del lenguaje quedaron sin embargo muy rezagados. Así, la prosodia tuvo que esperar hasta el siglo XXI para tener su primer Atlas, gracias al reciente proyecto internacional AMPER, todavía en curso. La otra área es la fraseología, que también ha tenido que esperar a trabajos muy recientes.
+
+VERBA HISPANICA XXV • ANTONIO PAMIES BERTRÁN
+55
+Antonio Pamies Bertrán	
+DOI: 10.4312/vh.25.1.55-81
+Universidad de Granada
+Fraseología y variación diatópica en español
+Palabras clave: fraseología dialectal, paremiología dialectal, dialectología, 
+conectores, pragmatemas, polifonía
+1	
+Dialecto y fraseología
+La dialectología es subdisciplina que tiene su propia metodología y funda-
+mentos, con un considerable acervo de datos sobre la variación, especialmente 
+fonética (segmental) y léxica, tal como recogen numerosos Atlas Lingüísticos. 
+Otros niveles del lenguaje quedaron sin embargo muy rezagados. Así, la pro-
+sodia tuvo que esperar hasta el siglo XXI para tener su primer Atlas, gracias 
+al reciente proyecto internacional AMPER, todavía en curso1. La otra área es 
+la fraseología, que también ha tenido que esperar a trabajos muy recientes2.
+Sin embargo, la variación fraseológica es un fenómeno que parece llamar la 
+atención de los hablantes, a juzgar por las secuencias con las que acompañan 
+a los frasemas en el discurso: como decimos en mi tierra / como diría mi abuela 
+(­Pamies, 2016). Estas estructuras, llamadas conectores fraseológicos o ­presentadores 
+paremiológicos, incluso han sido utilizadas como auxiliares para la detección au-
+tomática de los proverbios en corpus electrónicos3. 
+1	
+Contini, M. (dir.), Atlas Multimédia de la Prosodie de l’Espace Roman (http://dialecto.u-grenoble3.fr /
+AMPER/partnrs.htm).
+2	
+P. ej. Mokienko, Mieder, Burger, Mejri, Piirainen, Mogorrón; Sevilla, Gargallo, González Aguiar, 
+entre otros.
+3	
+P. ej. František Čermák (2005) realiza un estudio comparativo minucioso con el British National 
+Corpus y Český Národní Korpus, que ya contaban entonces con más de 100 millones de palabras, para 
+analizar las co-ocurrencias entre algunos introductores y algunas unidades fraseológicas, que a ve-
+ces alcanza casi el 50 % de los tokens, a pesar de que los fraseologismos muy conocidos no deberían, 
+teóricamente, necesitar ­introductores.
+
+VERBA HISPANICA XXV
+56
+Distinguimos un primer grupo de introductores, que podemos calificar de 
+meta-dialectológicos, dado que la información que pretenden aportar es exclu-
+sivamente diatópica: 
+como dicen (/se dice /dirían) en el (/mi) pueblo (/en mi aldea); 
+como dicen (/se dice) en mi tierra (/mi patria chica)
+Aunque pueda considerarse discursivo, este hecho también afectaría al sistema 
+en la medida en que su repetición sistemática sugiere un vínculo intrínseco 
+entre la variación diatópica y el nivel fraseológico, vínculo especialmente sor-
+prendente dado que los frasemas afectados son a menudo de ámbito estándar. 
+Dos hechos curiosos merecen constatarse:
+(a)	 esas secuencias asignadas al terruño natal por los hablantes son casi siem-
+pre fraseologismos;
+(b)	 a menudo no son realmente dialectales, sino que pertenecen a la lengua 
+estándar.
+Al ser poco conocida la fraseología dialectal, incluso para los fraseólogos, la 
+relativa frecuencia de estos comentarios (donde no deberían hacer falta) re-
+sulta aún más extraña:
+(1)	 - Como dicen en mi tierra, a nadie le amarga un dulce. 
+(RAE-CORPES XXI www.rae.es)
+(2)	 - Como dicen en mi pueblo, no es momento de marear la perdiz. 
+(http://www.elperiodico.com/es/noticias/motogp/
+marquez-como-dicen-pueblo-momento-marear-perdiz-4301900)
+(3)	 - Aquí, como dicen en mi pueblo, hasta el más tonto hace botijos.
+(http://www.infolibre.es/noticias/politica/2016/03/23/sanchez_iglesias_ 
+citan_miercoles_con_plena_voluntad_negociar_46761_1012.html)
+(4)	 - Ese es otro cantar, como dicen en mi patria chica.
+(APM http://apmforo.mforos.com/1304538/10592936-tour-2013/?pag=107) 
+(5)	 - Jamás de los jamases, como dicen en mi pueblo. 
+(RAE-CORDE www.rae.es)
+(6)	 - Como dicen en mi aldea, oro del que cagó el moro. 
+(http://www.burbuja.info/inmobiliaria/archive/index.php/t-431602-p-2.html)
+(7)	 - Como dicen en mi pueblo, cuando el río suena, agua lleva. 
+(RAE-CORPES XXI www.rae.es).
+
+VERBA HISPANICA XXV • ANTONIO PAMIES BERTRÁN
+57
+El caso inverso, es decir, en que el frasema es realmente propio de alguna va-
+riedad diatópica, también existe, aunque sea menos común: 
+(8)	 - Esto es mear en botija, como dicen en mi pueblo. 
+(Miguel Delibes: Diario de un emigrante. Barcelona: Destino, 1948: 182)
+Aquí el escritor, gran aficionado al habla popular, pone en boca del personaje 
+una expresión limitada efectivamente al ámbito rural castellano, que designa 
+una “acción inútil que sólo sirve para darse importancia”4. 
+Si las secuencias “presentadas” son casi siempre de la lengua estándar, cabe 
+preguntarse la razón de tal ilusión dialectológica. ¿Sobre qué base la conciencia 
+lingüística de los hablantes percibe –con razón o sin ella– que dichas expre-
+siones se alejan de la norma común? 
+2	
+Variación diatópica fraseológica y comunicación
+No son muchos los estudios a gran escala sobre fraseología diatópica5 y no 
+existen (todavía) Atlas dialectales completos especializados en la fraseología, 
+incluso las colecciones de proverbios y/o de locuciones “regionales” se limitan 
+a unas pocas lenguas. A excepción de Italia, y, más recientemente, Galicia o 
+Canarias, los diccionarios de fraseología con vocación y metodología dialecto-
+lógicas son todavía un bien escaso6. Aunque algunos Atlas dialectales en curso 
+sí cuentan con fraseólogos en su equipo7, se puede afirmar que, en general, la 
+fraseografía diatópica sigue estando claramente atrasada si se compara con la 
+lexicografía o la fonética (Luque Durán 2008). Las razones de dicho atraso 
+estarían en la tradicional priorización del léxico frente a las locuciones en la 
+metodología tanto lexicográfica como dialectológica (Haensch, 1986: 286; Ca-
+sado Velarde, 2005: 689-690). P. ej., González Aguiar (2007: 237-238) observa 
+que compendios lexicográficos de variantes del español como el Tesoro lexico-
+gráfico del español de Canarias, el Tesoro léxico de las hablas riojanas, el Diccionario 
+4	
+Existe una variante amplificada que le añade pa’ que retumbe, y otra variante con el verbo 
+peerse, propia de los montes de Toledo (Sánchez Miguel, 2016).
+5	
+Citemos p. ej. a Morvay (1986, 2000); Franceschi (1994; 1999, 2000; 2002); Ferro (1987); 
+Burger (2000); Piirainen (2000); Rivas (2000); Lamiroy et al. (2010); Gargallo (2005, 2008, 
+2010, 2011a); Núñez Román (2013a, 2013b); Mogorrón (2014a, 2014b, 2015a, 2015b); Cua-
+drado (2016).
+6	
+P. ej., el diccionario paremiológico ruso de Walter & Mokienko (2007) es de los pocos que señalan 
+el ámbito regional de las unidades censadas.
+7	
+P. ej., para el árabe tunecino, Baccouche et al. (1998); Mejri & Lamalle (2004); Baccouche & Mejri 
+(2005), Ben-Amor (2016); Kouki (2016), o, para el portugués de Brasil, Razky (2016); Negri & 
+Marques (2016), o Moura (2016).
+
+VERBA HISPANICA XXV
+58
+de las hablas leonesas, el Tesoro lexicográfico del español de Puerto Rico o el Tesoro 
+lexicográfico de las hablas andaluzas no han logrado ningún progreso en el cam-
+po de la fraseología dialectal porque se basan sólo en las palabras y no en las 
+expresiones polilexicales.
+Por su parte, la fraseografía adolecía hasta hace poco de escasa profesionalidad 
+en materia de diatopía, así compendios prestigiosos como el Gran diccionario 
+de frases hechas (Carratalá et al., 2001) o el Diccionario de Refranes, Dichos y Pro-
+verbios (Junceda, 2006), ni siquiera dicen en su prólogo cuáles son las variantes 
+del español que han investigado; González Aguiar añade que el Diccionario 
+fraseológico documentado del español actual (Seco et al. 2004) no se ocupa de los 
+americanismos, y, dentro de España, utiliza a menudo la marca reg. (“regio-
+nal”) pero sin especificar el área (González Aguiar, 2007: 237-238).
+Otro gran problema es que las expresiones recogidas en los diccionarios dia-
+lectales son a menudo compartidas por muchas otras regiones o incluso son 
+comunes a todas (González Aguiar, 2007: 236; Mogorrón, 2014a: 138), a veces 
+hasta se trata de frasemas existentes en todas las lenguas europeas (siendo re-
+gistrados como tales por Piirainen, 2012; WIEB, 2012; Paczolay, 1995 o Sevilla 
+et al. 1997-2016) 8. Así, hay diccionarios fraseológicos sobre el español de Ar-
+gentina o de Chile, llenos de frasemas que también se dan en español europeo, 
+e incluso pan-hispánicos (cf. Cicottino, 2010; Barcia y Pauer, 2010; Morales 
+Pettorino, 2006), y lo mismo se puede decir de obras como el Repertorio de 
+modismos andaluces (Barrios, 1991). Ello parece deberse a ciertos desajustes mu-
+tuos entre la metodología de los fraseógrafos y la de los dialectólogos9. 
+Naturalmente, la excepción serían los frasemas que contienen palabras dialec-
+talmente identificables. P. ej. una fórmula como cachicamo diciéndole a morrocoy 
+conchúo, que se dice para responder a quien reprocha a otros un defecto que él 
+también tiene, es geo-localizable en la medida en que sus componentes léxicos 
+también lo son. En este caso, la voz cachicamo “armadillo” es propia de Ecua-
+dor, Perú y Venezuela (RAE, 2011]) y morrocoy “tortuga” es una palabra de 
+8	
+P. ej. incluyendo expresiones tan internacionales como perro ladrador, poco mordedor; ing. 
+barking dogs seldom bite; alm. Hunde, die bellen, beißen nicht; hu. amelyik kutya ugat, az nem harap; 
+pt. cão que ladra não morde; it. can che abbaia, non morde (Pazcolay 1997); rs. не всякая собака 
+кyсает, которая лает (Mokienko, 2001); gr. σκυλί που γαβγίζει, δε δαγκώνει (Sevilla et 
+al., 1997-2016).
+9	
+Salvo algunos fraseógrafos diacronistas-dialectólogos (p. ej., Mokienko, 1980, 1986; Buri-
+dant, 1989; Di Stefano, 1991; Mejri & Lamalle, 2004; Filátkina et al., 2012; Gargallo, 2005, 
+2008, 2010, 2011; González Aguiar, 2005, 2007, 2008).
+
+VERBA HISPANICA XXV • ANTONIO PAMIES BERTRÁN
+59
+origen cumanagoto10 usada en Venezuela. Otra pista podría ser que el referente 
+de dicho componente literal, se conozca sólo en unas regiones. Sin embargo, 
+no es menos cierto que estos frasemas representan un caso muy minoritario.
+Los diccionarios dialectales generales son, en comparación con los fraseológicos, 
+mucho más coherentes, pero los frasemas tienen en ellos un rol discreto y peri-
+férico11. En cuanto a los diccionarios generales, a veces contienen información 
+diatópica, a veces contienen frasemas, pero casi nunca ambas cosas a la vez. En 
+el Diccionario de la Real Academia Española (RAE, 2001), de los 3447 regio-
+nalismos marcados como tales para el territorio de España, solamente 46 son 
+frasemas (González Aguiar, 2007); y entre las 1121 unidades léxicas marcadas 
+como mejicanismos, sólo hay 28 fraseologismos (Morvay, 2000: 279-280). Por 
+si fuera poco, Mogorrón observa notorias discrepancias, incluso en diccionarios 
+dialectológicos, al atribuir una región a los americanismos fraseológicos:
+[...] el Diccionario de mexicanismos [DM] afirma que comer gente 
+(“censurar o hablar mal de las personas”) se usa en México 
+mientras el Diccionario de americanismos [DDAM] indica que se 
+usa en Nicaragua y en Costa Rica. Lo mismo sucede con ganarse 
+los fríjoles (“ganarse la vida”) señalada también por el [DM] 
+como mexicanismo, mientras que el [DDAM] señala que su 
+zona de influencia es Nicaragua, Cuba y Ecuador (Mogorrón, 
+2014a: 138).
+Algunas colecciones recientes empiezan a paliar por fin estas carencias desde 
+el campo de la fraseología. Para el español, podemos citar, entre otros, traba-
+jos tan importantes como los de Morvay sobre el español mejicano (1986), el 
+Diccionario de expresiones y refranes del español de Canarias de Ortega Ojeda y 
+González Aguiar (2000), el Diccionario fraseológico del habla argentina de Bar-
+cia y Pauer (2010). González Aguiar (2007: 238-239) cita otros proyectos en 
+curso como el Diccionario fraseológico hispánico dirigido por Kubarth en Graz; 
+el Diccionario de fraseología de la Academia Argentina, la Fraseología del español 
+hablado en Córdoba dirigida por M.ª Teresa Toniolo o el Diccionario fraseológico 
+on-line del español (difrasoles), que dirige Mazilescu en Augsburgo.
+10	 Pueblo amerindio de la familia caribe que habitó en la antigua provincia de Nueva Andalu-
+cía o Cumaná, y cuyos descendientes habitan actualmente al norte del estado de Anzoátegui, 
+en Venezuela (RAE, 2011).
+11	 González Aguiar (2006, 2009) destaca la honrosa excepción del inacabado Diccionario de andalucis-
+mos del folclorista decimonónico J. M. Sbarbi, gran precursor de la fraseografía diatópica, 
+que también aportó información sobre frasemas de Hispanoamérica en su Diccionario de 
+refranes, adagios, proverbios, modismos, locuciones, y frases proverbiales de la lengua española.
+
+VERBA HISPANICA XXV
+60
+Mención aparte merece el proyecto en curso frasytram, dirigido por Pedro 
+Mogorrón en la Universidad de Alicante (una base de datos fraseológica multi-
+lingüe que recoge todas las variedades diatópicas de España y América), hecho 
+en cooperación con el proyecto ecos Norte, de las universidades de Paris-13 
+y de Puebla (cf. Mejri y Mogorrón, 2014; Mogorrón, 2010, 2014, 2015; Blan-
+co, 2011, 2015; Meneses, 2012, 2015). Por ejemplo, la tesis de Cuadrado Rey 
+(2016: 23-26), en el marco de frasytram, empieza por seleccionar un corpus 
+de unidades fraseológicas propias del español hablado en Argentina y que no estén 
+registradas en el due de María Moliner ni en la 23ª edición del drae. Las 
+unidades compartidas por varios dialectos exigen completar la información ya 
+disponible en los diccionarios mediante estudios de corpus (p. ej. WebCorp, 
+crea, corpes, etc.) y de encuestas sociolingüísticas, con cuestionarios sobre 
+competencia pasiva y activa (Cuadrado Rey, 2010: 97-110).
+En su tesis sobre la fraseología chilena, Moreno Nilo (2015: 214) considera que 
+deberían distinguirse, como mínimo, los frasemas usados en la totalidad del es-
+pacio hispanohablante (echar leña al fuego; tirar la toalla), los que se usan sólo 
+en España (partirse de risa; hincar los codos), los que se usan en muchos países de 
+América (ser uña y mugre) pero no en España (ser uña y carne), y los que se usan 
+sólo en Chile (andar pato para “estar sin un duro”). Las investigaciones del hispa-
+nista japonés Kazumi Koike, dentro del macroproyecto dialectológico varilex, 
+distinguen entre las locuciones preferentemente empleadas en España, las preferen-
+temente empleadas en América y las preferentemente empleadas en zonas restringidas, 
+llegando a establecer una frontera entre los frasemas propios de España y los 
+propios del Nuevo Mundo, a pesar de las irregularidades geográficas que afectan 
+a las variantes. Sus encuestas le permiten identificar las locuciones de carácter 
+general, empleadas en todo el ámbito hispano, como no tener pelos en la lengua, que 
+obtiene una media de 92,1 % en las respuestas, quitar de en medio (93,4 %), o meter 
+la pata (89,6 %) (Koike, 2001). En cambio, su sinónimo ganarse las habichuelas está 
+registrado en España, buscarse los frijoles en Perú, buscarse los porotos en México, 
+buscarse la papa en Santo Domingo, ganarse el puchero en Argentina (Mogorrón, 
+2015b), sin que ello implique necesariamente la exclusividad de dichos usos. 
+Es muy común que frasemas iberoamericanos mantengan el modelo original 
+español para introducir variaciones léxicas en sus componentes, como también 
+ocurre entre quien fue a Sevilla perdió la silla, o caerse de culo (España) y quien fue 
+a Melipilla perdió su silla, o caerse de poto (Chile) (Moreno Nilo, 2015: 215, 241). 
+Lo ideal sería obviamente lograr un Atlas fraseológico, identificando y deli-
+mitando áreas fraseológicas y paremiológicas con isoglosas para cada frasema, 
+
+VERBA HISPANICA XXV • ANTONIO PAMIES BERTRÁN
+61
+especialmente ahora que la fraseología regional parece en peligro de extin-
+ción, como advierte Mokienko, uno de los pocos lingüistas que cuentan con 
+la doble formación como fraseólogo y dialectólogo (cf. Nikolaeva, 2011: 16). 
+Un ejemplo muy cercano a este objetivo serían los trabajos realizados por dia-
+lectólogos del Centro Universitario di Geoparemiologia de Florencia (Franceschi 
+1994, 1999, 2000), el proyecto BFQS sobre las variedades “nacionales” en la 
+fraseología de Bélgica, Francia, Suiza y Quebec (Lamiroy et al. 2010) o el pro-
+yecto badare, una base de datos de refranes meteorológicos en los dialectos 
+de toda la Romania (Gargallo, 2005, 2008, 2010, 2011b).
+Si la fraseología diatópica resulta mal conocida para los especialistas, es dudoso 
+que la pertenencia de un frasema a un dialecto sea lo que realmente motiva la 
+presencia de los mencionados conectores en el discurso de los “hablantes inge-
+nuos”. Un factor que contribuye a esta ilusión diatópica es quizás el hecho de que, 
+si la frase hecha empleada fuese realmente dialectal, el fracaso comunicativo 
+sería considerable, mucho más que el causado por la variación fonética o gra-
+matical. Si un español viaja a Argentina no le serán tan problemático el acento 
+o la morfología de esta región como su fraseología, que le puede resultar casi 
+tan incomprensible como la de un idioma extranjero. Valgan estos ejemplos:
+(9)	 - Estar en pampa y la vía “estar sin dinero”;
+(10)	- Romperse el bocho “reflexionar mucho sobre algo”;
+(11)	- Correr la coneja “pasar mucha hambre” (Koike, 2001);
+(12)	- Ser medio leche hervida “enfadarse con facilidad”; 
+(13)	- Estar en los cuernos de la luna “ser muy popular en este momento”; 
+(14)	- Limpiar el calamar “masturbarse” (Ciccotino, 2010); 
+(15)	- Ser el gordito de la pelota “ser el más inútil en un grupo que se ve obligado 
+a admitirnos”; 
+(16)	- Guiñar la oreja “trampa consistente en marcar la esquina de un naipe 
+para reconocerlo”; 
+(17)	- Hacer la bibicleta “aplazar el pago de una deuda a especular con el dinero 
+de la misma”;
+(18)	- Levantar el muerto “pagar una deuda ajena” (Barcia; Pauer, 2010); 
+(19)	- Mandar fruta “hablar sin decir nada para crear confusión” (Cuadrado 
+2016).
+
+VERBA HISPANICA XXV
+62
+Tampoco estos ejemplos mejicanos parecen comprensibles para un hablante 
+peninsular:
+(20)	- Estar salado “tener mala suerte”;
+(21)	- Soltar la sopa “decir lo que se debiera guardar en secreto”;
+(22)	- Valerle madres “no importarle nada”;
+(23)	- Estar crudo “tener resaca tras emboracharse” (Koike, 2001);
+(24)	- Te chilla la ardilla “te huele el sobaco”;
+(25)	- Echarse un coyotito “dormir la siesta”;
+(26)	- Hacer de chivo los tamales “engañar; hacer trampas”;
+(27)	- Ya le cayó el chahuiztle “lo agarraron con las manos en la masa” ([CHLG]);
+(28)	- Parir chayotes “hacer algo difícil con gran esfuerzo, sufriendo”;
+(29)	- Aguantar un piano “ser excelente”; 
+(30)	- Comerse la torta antes del recreo “casarse de penalti”;
+(31)	- Con pendejos ni a misa pues se hincan en los gargajos “frase despectiva para 
+ahuyentar malas compañías”; 
+(32)	- Chupar faros “empobrecerse, entrar en crisis económica”;
+(33)	- Tener garganta de mariachi “beber más que una esponja” (Petersen 2007);
+(34)	- Volverse ojo de hormiga “desaparecer alguien mañosa e intensionalmente”;
+(35)	- Bailar el oso “retar a una pelea”;
+(36)	- Agarrar de botana “tomar a alguien como blanco de bromas o burlas”;
+(37)	- Ahorcar la gallina “practicar el coito” (Meneses Lerín, 2015).
+Como tampoco lo son estos frasemas colombianos:
+(38)	- Desayunarse con alacranes “iniciar el día estando ya de mal genio”;
+(39)	- Cójame este trompo en la uña a ver si tataratea “se usa para preguntar cómo 
+le parece lo sucedido”;
+(40)	- Busca tu charco babilla “advertencia que se le hace a una persona para que 
+no se ocupe asuntos ajenos”;
+(41)	- Alzarse la bata “despreocuparse de cualquier tipo de obligación” / “irse 
+de parranda”;
+
+VERBA HISPANICA XXV • ANTONIO PAMIES BERTRÁN
+63
+(42)	- Estar como macho de viuda “estar una persona descuidada, abandonada”;
+(43)	- Agárrate sobaco pela’o que lo que viene es Yodora “advertencia ante el anun-
+cio de dificultades”;
+(44)	- Dar como a violín prestao “golpear a alguien sin consideración”;
+(45)	- Ser como caña brava en chorro “estar temblando de miedo”;
+(46)	- Si quiere más que le piquen caña “se utiliza con personas que teniendo lo 
+mejor, aún quieren o piden más”;
+(47)	- Estar más tragado que calzoncillo de ciclista “se usa para designar a una 
+persona que está muy enamorada”;
+(48)	- Tener guayabo “tener malestar al día siguiente, después de haber bebido 
+mucho”;
+(49)	- Andar veraneado “no haber tenido relaciones sexuales en un largo 
+tiempo”(Espejo 2016);
+(50)	- Dar papaya “brindar oportunidad a alguien para que se aproveche y 
+tome ventaja de algo”
+(51)	- Dárselas de mucho café con leche “presumir; hacer alarde algo” (Ávila, 
+2016).
+Esta diversidad también afecta las variedades del español peninsular. Hay fra-
+seologismos que no son comprensibles de una región española a otra:
+(a) León:
+(52)	- Tiene mil veres el tiempo “lo mismo llueve que sale el sol”;
+(53)	- Andar como arquilla de turronero “ser mandado constantemente de un 
+sitio para otro”;
+(54)	- Correr la napolitana “irse de juerga” (Urdiales, 1982); 
+(b) Andalucía:
+(55)	- Al pobre tío Juan se lo comen a cucharadas “dícese de una persona apocada” 
+(Caballero 1877);
+(56) - Pegar la tostá “sumarse a una reunión haciéndose el pesado”;
+(57) - Volcar la pileta “echar la casa por la ventana”;
+(58) - Dar patás a la olla “actuar en contra de los intereses de uno”; 
+
+VERBA HISPANICA XXV
+64
+(59)	- Tener tripas por estrenar “salir con gracia de las situaciones difíciles” (de 
+Miguel 2006);
+(c) Extremadura:
+(60)	- Fumarla en pipa “ser de genio fuerte”;
+(61)	- Dar la campaná “dar la serenata a alguien que es viudo y se casa de 
+segundas”;
+(62)	- Mal guaño lo guañe “expresión mal rayo lo parta”; 
+(63)	- Tené güen almiré “se le dice a la persona que te ha invitado a comer a su 
+casa” (Romero, 2013).
+Existen fraseologismos microdialectales, limitados a regiones mucho más re-
+ducidas, como, p. ej., en la comarca de los Montes de Toledo:
+(64)	- Pintó melón y fue calabazón “resultó decepcionante”;
+(65)	- Tener la boca como una chaliana “hablar mucho”; 
+(66)	- Tener el cuerpo como un albañal “sufrir una colitis”; 
+(67)	 - Estar en el bolsillo del cura “tener un pie en la tumba” (Sánchez Miguel, 2016).
+Puede incluso ocurrir que una expresión esté registrada en un solo pueblo, y 
+que coïncida con otra de un dialecto distante, y hasta de otra lengua. En estos 
+casos se supone que la imagen verbal se perdió en las zonas que median entre 
+ambas localidades. Gargallo cita que no pasen Jorgillo y Miguelillo no te quites el 
+capotillo, registrado sólo en Samper de Calanda (Teruel), aunque coincide casi 
+textualmente con un refrán gallego astra non pasar Xurxo e Migueliño non tollas 
+o manteliño (2008: 61-62).
+Si sumamos las variantes de toda España y toda Hispanoamérica, la variación 
+fraseológica diatópica es considerable. Un “obeso” puede ser tildado de albón-
+diga con patas en España, pero de melón con patas en Chile, y “morirse” puede 
+decirse irse al otro barrio en nuestra península, pero equivale a colgar los tenis 
+en México (Ayala Pérez, 2005, Santamaría, 2000 apud. Luque Durán, 2008). 
+En Chile encontramos idiomatismos tan curiosos para nosotros como echar la 
+corta (“orinar”), echarse el pollo (“irse repentinamente”) o verle el ojo a la papa 
+(“fornicar”) (Moreno Nilo, 2015: 241).
+Hay expresiones que no poseen ninguna forma panhispánica. Por ejemplo, el 
+hecho de que un alumno no asista a las clases no posee una locución verbal 
+común para todo el mundo hispano:
+
+VERBA HISPANICA XXV • ANTONIO PAMIES BERTRÁN
+65
+(68)	 - Hacer novillos (Castilla);
+(69)	 - Hacer rabona (Andalucía, Murcia, Extremadura); 
+(70)	 - Fumarse las clases (Andalucía Oriental y Murcia); 
+(71)	 - Hacerse la piarda (Málaga); 
+(72)	 - Hacer monta (Extremadura); 
+(73)	 - Hacerse la huyona (Canarias); 
+(74)	 - Hacer pellas (Madrid);
+(75)	 - Hacer pirola, hacer pimienta (Aragón); 
+(76)	 - Hacer pira, hacer la txikarra (País Vasco); 
+(77)	 - Hacer borota (Navarra);
+(78)	 - Hacer campana (Cataluña); 
+(79)	 - Hacer fuchina (Valencia); 
+(80)	 - Hacer la cimarra (Chile);
+(81)	 - Hacer la chancha (Chile); 
+(82)	 - Hacerse la rata (Argentina); 
+(83)	 - Hacerse la chupina (Argentina); 
+(84)	 - Chupinearse (Argentina); 
+(85)	 - Hacer pimienta (Argentina); 
+(86)	 - Hacerse la yuta / yutear (Argentina); 
+(87)	 - Hacerse la cuca (Argentina); 
+(88)	 - Hacerse la rácula (Argentina); 
+(89)	 - Rabonearse (Argentina); 
+(90)	 - Hacerse la sincola (Argentina); 
+(91)	 - Sincolearse (Argentina); 
+(92)	 - Hacer la perra (Argentina); 
+(93)	 - Hacerse la pava (Perú, Ecuador); 
+(94)	 - Hacerse la pera (Perú, Ecuador); 
+
+VERBA HISPANICA XXV
+66
+(95)	 - Hacer la chuña (Bolivia);
+(96)	 - Echar la leva (Colombia); 
+(97)	 - Mamar clase (Colombia); 
+(98)	 - Capar clase (Colombia) 
+(99)	 - Capar colegio (Colombia); 
+(100)	 - Matar la clase (Colombia); 
+(101)	 - Hacer conejo (Colombia); 
+(102)	 - Sacar cera (Venezuela); 
+(103)	 - Irse de capiura (El Salvador, Honduras); 
+(104)	 - Correr el venado (México); 
+(105)	 - Pintar el venado (México); 
+(106)	 - Echarse la brincona (México); 
+(107)	 - Comer jobos (Puerto Rico); 
+(108)	 - Irse de jobillos (Puerto Rico); 
+(109)	 - Hacerse la vaca (Cuba); 
+(110)	 - Hacerse el barco (Cuba); 
+(111)	 - Comerse la guásima (Cuba)12.
+Cualitativamente, se podría objetar que la barrera comunicativa entre dia-
+lectos resulta aquí magnificada por el hecho de que todos estos ejemplos 
+hayan sido elegidos ad hoc precisamente por este criterio. Pero hay estudios 
+cuantitativos que apuntan a que la gran mayoría de las diferencias (com-
+prensibles o no), entre el español peninsular y el americano proceden de la 
+fraseología (Meneses, 2015). En 2014, la base de datos del proyecto fras-
+ytram ya incluía unos 29.000 frasemas verbales13, de los que más de 1000 
+están registrados como hispanoamericanismos en los diccionarios españoles 
+vaciados, a lo que se añaden otras 8000 expresiones latinoamericanas, que no 
+están registradas en diccionarios españoles (Mogorrón, 2014a). Según estas 
+12	 Ejemplos procedentes de Koike, 2001: 83; Gargallo, 2004; González Aguiar, 2007: 241; Ballo, 
+1911; Morvay, 1986: 319; 2000: 281; Mogorrón, 2013: 86; RAE, 2011 y posteriormente agru-
+pados por países.
+13	 Entre locuciones verbales, colocaciones verbo-nominales; colocaciones de verbo soporte y 
+comparaciones estereotipadas de núcleo verbal.
+
+VERBA HISPANICA XXV • ANTONIO PAMIES BERTRÁN
+67
+cifras, prácticamente un tercio de los fraseologismos verbales del español 
+serian americanismos, aunque en los diccionarios españoles apenas estén re-
+presentados (Mogorrón, 2014a: 134-141)14. Por otra parte, cada país hispa-
+nohablante tiene su propia variación interna. Las unidades señaladas como 
+mejicanismos no corresponden siempre la totalidad del territorio mejicano; 
+así tirar carrilla (“hacer burla”) es del área de Monterrey mientras chido baril 
+y coqueto (“de manera agradable”) corresponde al área de Puebla (Palacios, 
+2015: 46). De allí que el corpus de fraseologismos argentinos compilado por 
+Cuadrado Rey haya optado por limitarse a elementos usuales en amplias zonas 
+del país (2010: 95-96).
+Las unidades fraseológicas son el principal obstáculo no sólo para el aprendi-
+zaje de lenguas extranjeras o la traducción, sino también para la comprensión 
+entre variedades diatópicas de una misma lengua. Aunque el acompañarlas del 
+conector como dicen en mi pueblo no las hace más comprensibles, éste ya no pa-
+rece totalmente arbitrario visto desde esta perspectiva. ¿Acaso corresponde a 
+una estrategia de compensación hipercorrecta, por una vaga intuición de este 
+fenómeno como tal, aunque se aplique al frasema equivocado?
+Otra gran laguna de la dialectología son las colocaciones, que, de tan desaper-
+cibidas, siguen siendo consideradas como combinaciones libres por algunos 
+fraseólogos (p. ej., Zuluaga, 1980; García-Page, 2008). Sin embargo, su fija-
+ción, aun siendo parcial, hace que éstas se opongan no sólo a otras lenguas, 
+sino a otros dialectos hispanos (Koike, 2000; Luque Durán, 2008). Por otra 
+parte, su distribución geográfica de las variantes es tan poco previsible como 
+discontinua.
+(112)	 - Armar una conversación (Chile) ≠ mantener/sostener una conversación 
+(España);
+(113)	 - Entregar apoyo (Chile) ≠ prestar/dar apoyo (España); 
+(114)	 - Entregar solución (Chile) ≠ dar solución (España); 
+(115)	 - Entregar una declaración (Chile) ≠ hacer una declaración (España); 
+(116)	 - Entregar una opinión (Chile) ≠ dar una opinión (España); 
+(117)	 - Fletar una bofetada (Chile, Perú) ≠ dar/soltar/pegar una bofetada (España); 
+(118)	 - Generar una polémica (Chile, Costa Rica) ≠ desatar una polémica (España); 
+14	 En 2015, estas cifras ascienden ya a 34.445 frasemas verbales, de los que 22.210 son peninsu-
+lares y 12.235 son americanismos (Mogorrón, 2015b: 278). 
+
+VERBA HISPANICA XXV
+68
+(119)	 - Hacer clases (Chile) ≠ dar clases (España); 
+(120)	 - Picar el ojo (Puerto Rico, Colombia) ≠ guiñar el ojo (España, Chile); 
+(121)	 - Prender la luz (Chile) ≠ encender la luz (España)
+(122)	 - Sacar la cuenta (Chile) ≠ hacer/echar la cuenta (España); 
+(123)	 - Sacarse la lotería (Chile) ≠ tocarle la lotería [a alguien] (España); 
+(124)	 - Sacarse los zapatos (Chile) ≠ quitarse los zapatos (España); 
+(125)	 - Tomarse prisa (Venezuela) ≠ darse prisa (España) 
+(Koike, 2000)
+A esta variación formal y semántica hay que sumar la imbricación entre coloca-
+ciones y locuciones adverbiales (Pamies; Pazos; Guirao, 2013). Por ejemplo, la 
+locución argentina en pampa y la vía (“arruinado”) forma a su vez colocación 
+con los verbos estar, quedar, terminar y dejar (cf. Cuadrado Rey, 2010: 121). 
+En cuanto a los proverbios, es quizá la subclase fraseológica que cuenta con 
+mayor número de refraneros “localistas”, aunque éstos a menudo adolezcan 
+del problema metodológico ya señalado a la hora de atribuir cada unidad a 
+una determinada región. Hay variantes autóctonas del Nuevo Mundo que se 
+crearon por sustitución de componentes manteniendo un simbolismo similar, 
+como en al pie del helecho no busques el dátil (España), que dio lugar en México 
+a no busques tunas en los huizaches (Arora, 1998a). Un refrán peninsular puede 
+servir de modelo para la creación de muchos otros en América, además de te-
+ner ya sus variantes dentro de España. Así el proverbio determinista
+(126)	 - El que nace para burro del cielo le cae la albarda (España),
+(127)	 - El que nace para buey del cielo le cae la yunta (España),
+tiene al menos 43 variantes americanas, que siguen el modelo [el que nace/nació 
+para X del cielo le cae/llueve/baja Y]. Como en estas variantes citadas por Arora 
+(1998b):
+(128)	 - El que nace para burro del cielo le caen las orejas (Cuba),
+(129)	 - El que nace para buey del cielo le caen los cuernos (México, EEUU), 
+(130)	 - El que nació pa’ martillo del cielo le caen los clavos (Puerto Rico, Colombia),
+(131)	 - El que nace para ahorcado del cielo le cae la soga (México),
+(132)	 - El que nace para tamal del cielo le caen las hojas (México, EEUU),
+
+VERBA HISPANICA XXV • ANTONIO PAMIES BERTRÁN
+69
+(133)	 - El que nace pa’ aguacate del cielo le cae la raja (Puerto Rico),
+(134)	 - El que nace para mofongo del cielo le caen los plátanos (Puerto Rico),
+(135)	 - El que nace para acomodador del cielo le cae la linterna (Cuba),
+(136)	 - El que nace para bombón del cielo le cae el palito (Colombia),
+(137)	 - El que nació pa’ cagao del cielo le llueve la mierda (Colombia),
+(138)	 - El que nació para chancho del cielo le cae la horqueta (Nicaragua).
+(Arora, 1998b: 31-33).
+3	
+La diatopía como recurso retórico
+Otros factores pragmáticos podrían explicar el uso de los conectores paremio-
+lógicos. En primer lugar, cumplen una función fática, como apunta Čermák 
+(2005: 75)15, a la que puede añadirse una función eufemística, ya que con ello 
+el emisor puede justificar el uso de una expresión considerada como demasia-
+do coloquial, o incluso vulgar, amparándose trás un marcador de polifonía (cf. 
+Anscombre, 1994, 2011; Olza, 2013). 
+Sin embargo, no todos los frasemas en cuestión son objeto de un tabú, ni 
+mucho menos, y su eventual estigmatización provendría, si acaso, de los 
+prejuicios académicos tradicionales contra cualquier tipo de “frase hecha” 
+(cf. Monteiro, 2014: 161). Dichos “introductores” permitirían cierta captatio 
+benvolentiæ, pues con ellos el emisor se disculparía por emplear “tópicos” o 
+“lugares comunes”. 
+Ello también explicaría que una observación de naturaleza diatópica sea reem-
+plazable por otro criterio normalmente no intercambiable16, como el diafásico 
+(esp. como diría mi abuela; a decir de nuestros mayores; como dicen ahora; como se 
+suele decir ahora), el diastrático (como dice la gente; como vulgarmente se dice) o 
+incluso el estilístico (dicho coloquialmente). Inversamente, se podrían reempla-
+zar estos introductores “diafásicos” y “diastráticos” por los “diatópicos” sin 
+causar ningún malentendido. Semejante “sinonimia” es de por sí suficiente-
+mente anómala como para pensar que estos presentadores son a su vez objeto 
+de una fijación idiomática, motivada por una pragmaticalización, un cambio 
+de estatus discursivo que convierte una oración comparativa, de contenido 
+15	 «Using such introducers [...] obviously establishes a desirable atmosphere or maintains social con-
+tact, which is what the phatic function is about» (Čermák, 2005: 75).
+16	 Cf. López Morales, 2009 y Casas & Escoriza, 2009.
+
+VERBA HISPANICA XXV
+70
+metalingüístico, en un pragmatema de cortesía, equivalente a si me permiten la 
+expresión. 
+La metáfora en que el pueblo o la abuela son intercambiables sólo en su sentido 
+figurado, y cuyo significado global ya no se deduce de la suma de las partes 
+(idiomaticidad), y también posee fijación formal. P. ej., como dicen en mi ­pueblo... 
+no permite la inserción del pronombre (*como lo dicen en mi pueblo...) salvo 
+cuando la secuencia es literal. Este cambio de función implica una metáfora 
+gramatical por la cual un acto de habla, producto de una combinación se con-
+vierte en unidad léxica, producto de una selección, coincide con la definición 
+de un tipo de frasema, las fórmulas (o pragmatemas) (Pamies, 2014). 
+Otra peculiaridad de estas secuencias es que no funcionan solas, sino como 
+(aparentes) subordinadas adverbiales comparativas, que no complementan al 
+verbo, sino que forman un comentario metadiscursivo de la expresión entera:
+como dicen en el pueblo, mataron a la gallina de los huevos de oro17. 
+Esta subordinación no es adverbial sino pragmática, pues lo que se modaliza es 
+la autoría del enunciado, difuminando la identidad de su emisor por medio de 
+una supuesta intertextualidad.
+como dicen en el pueblo, mataron a la gallina de los huevos de oro
+	
+    pragmatema	
+	
+       locución
+Puede haber excepciones cuando los introductores empleados están en su sen-
+tido literal, en este caso ya no serían frasemas sino frases libres que introdu-
+cen un fraseologismo que, en opinión del hablante se apartaría realmente de la 
+norma estándar. P. ej.:
+(139)	 - Como dicen en el pueblo (...), la justicia es una perra flaca que muerde al más 
+infeliz [P. Rico]18;
+(140)	 - Como dicen en el pueblo: en el arca del avariento, el diablo yace dentro 
+[Mex.]19;
+17	 Ejemplo: Web del municipio de Chicoloapán de Juárez, 2016 (http://www.chicoloapan.gob.mx/
+mis-recuerdos-escolares/).
+18	 http://www.noticel.com/noticia/184166/apelativo-federal-revoca-conviccion-de-casellas-
+en-caso-de-carjacking.html.
+19	 http://www.donbaloncesto.com/el-baloncesto-mundial-no-se-salva-de-la-corrupcion/
+
+VERBA HISPANICA XXV • ANTONIO PAMIES BERTRÁN
+71
+(141)	 - ...un racimo de uvas blancas y otras negras (...) para que los vecinos al finalizar 
+pinten el vago como dicen en el pueblo [Salamanca]20.
+(142)	 - Que afloje el tuste, como dicen en el pueblo [Hond.]21.
+En estos casos, la expresión así presentada incluso podría pertenecer a otra 
+lengua, inserción de un elemento “importado” que, obviamente, justificaría 
+un comentario metalingüístico.
+(143)	 - Como dicen en mi tierra, gent amb molt de seny 22. 
+Pero, aun así, estos casos también pueden ser dudosos. En los debates del 
+Parlamento Europeo, ocurre en ocasiones que un diputado cite una paremia 
+atribuyéndola de forma deliberadamente errónea a su tierra natal, como por 
+ejemplo este eurodiputado búlgaro que afirma: 
+(144)	 In my country, Bulgaria, we often say that there is no smoke without fire23. 
+Esta paremia es prácticamente universal: no sólo existe en todas las lenguas de 
+Europa, (bulg. няма дим без огън; lat. flamma fumus est proxima), sino tam-
+bién en persa, árabe, chino y japonés (Pazcolay, 1997: 33-37). El traductor 
+al español dijo en Bulgaria, mi país, utilizamos el dicho “cuando el río suena, agua 
+lleva”24, una paremia más castiza y sin duda equivalente al proverbio inglés, 
+pero que agrava la paradoja de atribuírsela a Bulgaria. Es de suponer que el 
+recurso fue deliberado, un caso extremo que confirma el carácter retórico de 
+estos conectores paremiológicos, y que el receptor los interpreta como metáforas. 
+Inversamente, los receptores interpretarían literalmente los “presentadores” 
+de un frasema que les resulte extraño y que, por eso mismo, tendría más pro-
+babilidades de proceder realmente del terruño natal del emisor. 
+20	 http://www.elnortedecastilla.es/salamanca/201608/04/bodega-cooperativa-ayuntamien-
+to-unen-20160804102242.html.
+21	 http://www.latribuna.hn/2015/09/28/aja-dona-camandula-y-es-verdad-que-se-caso-su-
+hija/
+22	 Ejemplo: Emili Tortosa Fulgor y muerte de las cajas de ahorros (Universidad de Valencia, 2015). En 
+catalán, gent amb molt de seny significa “gente muy cabal”.
+23	 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//TEXT+CRE+20081020 
++ITEMS+DOC +XML +V0//EN&amp;language=EN
+24	 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//TEXT+CRE+20081020 
++ITEMS+DOC +XML +V0//ES&amp;language=ES
+
+VERBA HISPANICA XXV
+72
+5	
+Conclusiones
+5.1 Los conectores del tipo como dicen en mi pueblo permiten distinguir dos 
+clases principales: el tipo A: los metalingüísticos, que son frases libres literales 
+que introducen unidades consideradas por el hablante como no-estándar; y el 
+tipo B: los pseudo-metalingüísticos, que son pragmatemas figurados, fraseologis-
+mos con una función eufemística de disculpa por recurrir a una frase hecha, a 
+un registro popular, o ambas cosas. 
+5.2 Sólo el segundo tipo pertenece a la fraseología, como resultado de la prag-
+matización del primero, y se caracteriza por la intercambiabilidad de conte-
+nidos que, literalmente, serían distintos entre sí (como dicen en mi tierra / como 
+diría mi abuela / como se dice vulgarmente). 
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+sucesores de Hernando.
+Seco, M. et al. (1999): Diccionario fraseológico documentado del español actual 
+(locuciones y modismos españoles). Madrid: Aguilar.
+Sevilla Muñoz, J. et al. (dir.) (1997-2016): Refranero Multilingüe. Madrid: 
+Instituto Cervantes (consultable en línea: http://cvc.cervantes.es).
+Walter, H., Mokienko, V. M. (2007): Большой словарь русских прозвиц. 
+Москва, ЗАО „ОЛМА Медиа Групп“. 
+[WIEB] (2012): Widespread Idioms in Europe and Beyond: http://www.
+widespread-idioms.uni-trier.de/ (10-10-2016). 
+Zuluaga, A. (1980): Introducción al estudio de las expresiones fijas. Frankfurt am 
+Main: Peter Lang.
+
+VERBA HISPANICA XXV
+80
+Antonio Pamies Bertrán
+University de Granada
+Phraseology and diatopic variation in Spanish
+Keywords: dialectal phraseology, dialectal paremiology, dialectology, 
+shifters, pragmatemes, polyphony
+Phraseology and idioms have been scantly investigated in the field of dialec-
+tology, compared to the rich tradition of phonetic and lexicological studies 
+that made available long ago accurate dialectal maps and atlases for all the lan-
+guages of Europe. There is no lack of irony in this given the etymology of the 
+word idiom itself(<gr. ‚ιδιός „particular“ or „specific“), which refers precisely 
+to what is typical of one’s native soil. On the other hand, speakers often ac-
+company the use of idioms and proverbs with pragmatic markers like as we say 
+in my village, as we say in my homeland, as my grandmother said, even for standard 
+expressions. This seems to presuppose the existence of a relationship – within 
+linguistic consciousness – between phraseology and non-standard diatopic 
+(or diaphasic) varieties, either as a rhetorical strategy or an intuitive hyper-
+correction. Spanish phraseology and paremiology allow us to observe certain 
+cues in this respect.
+
+VERBA HISPANICA XXV • ANTONIO PAMIES BERTRÁN
+81
+Antonio Pamies Bertrán
+Univerza v Granadi
+Frazeologija in diatopične različice v španskem 
+jeziku
+Ključne besede: narečna frazeologija, narečna paremiologija, narečjeslovje, 
+povezovalci, pragmatemi (pragmatični frazemi), polifonija
+Frazeološki vidik narečnih različic spada med manj raziskana področja, še 
+posebej če ga primerjamo z bogato tradicijo fonetičnih in leksikoloških raz-
+iskav, po zaslugi katerih so nam že nekaj desetletij na voljo narečjeslovni oz. 
+dialektološki zemljevidi in atlasi za vse evropske jezike, in to kljub etimološ-
+kemu izvoru besed idiomatičen, idiomatizem (iz gr. ‚ιδιός »poseben«, »lasten«), 
+ki se nanašata prav na tisto, kar je lastno domačemu kraju. Vendar pa govorci 
+v rabo stalnih besednih zvez in pregovorov pogosto vključujejo pragmatične 
+označevalce, kot so como dicen en mi pueblo, como decimos en mi tierra, como diría 
+mi abuela, celo kadar gre za standardne izraze. To pa priča o tem, da frazeo-
+logijo bodisi kot retorično strategijo bodisi zaradi intuitivne hiperkorekcije 
+v jezikovni zavesti povezujemo z nestandardnimi različicami (diatopičnimi 
+ali diafazičnimi). Frazeologija in paremiologija španskega jezika nakazujeta to 
+povezanost.
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/9d5a868c13b5ec2f.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/9d5a868c13b5ec2f.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..86ee12a5746cf913da9b0bb727fefd83e182879e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/corpus/humanities/text/9d5a868c13b5ec2f.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+Correction: Vice-versa: The iron trade in the western Roman Empire between Gaul and the Mediterranean
+
+[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268209.].
+
+CORRECTION
+Correction: Vice-versa: The iron trade in the
+western Roman Empire between Gaul and the
+Mediterranean
+Gaspard Pagès, Philippe Dillmann, Enrique Vega, Marion Berranger, Sylvain Bauvais,
+Luc Long, Philippe Fluzin
+There is an error in affiliation 2 for authors Philippe Dillmann, Enrique Vega and Sylvain
+Bauvais. The correct affiliation 2 is: CNRS, LAPA-IRAMAT UMR7065, NIMBE UMR3685,
+CEA, CNRS, Universite´ Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
+There are errors in the Author Contributions. The correct contributions are:
+Conceptualization: Gaspard Pagès, Philippe Dillmann
+Writing–original draft: Gaspard Pagès, Philippe Dillmann
+Data Acquisition: Enrique Vega, Marion Berranger, Sylvain Bauvais, Luc Long
+Data Processing: Enrique Vega, Philippe Fluzin
+The ORCID iDs are missing for the second and fourth author. Please see the authors’
+respective ORCID iDs here:
+• Author Philippe Dillmann ORCID iD is: 0000-0003-3226-1611 (https://orcid.org/0000-
+0003-3226-1611).
+• Author Marion Berranger ORCID iD is: 0000-0002-9454-2913 (https://orcid.org/0000-
+0002-9454-2913).
+Reference
+1.
+Pagès G, Dillmann P, Vega E, Berranger M, Bauvais S, Long L, et al. (2022) Vice-versa: The iron trade
+in the western Roman Empire between Gaul and the Mediterranean. PLOS ONE 17(5): e0268209.
+https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268209 PMID: 35580132
+PLOS ONE
+PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0310030
+September 3, 2024
+1 / 1
+a1111111111
+a1111111111
+a1111111111
+a1111111111
+a1111111111
+OPEN ACCESS
+Citation: Pagès G, Dillmann P, Vega E, Berranger
+M, Bauvais S, Long L, et al. (2024) Correction:
+Vice-versa: The iron trade in the western Roman
+Empire between Gaul and the Mediterranean. PLoS
+ONE 19(9): e0310030. https://doi.org/10.1371/
+journal.pone.0310030
+Published: September 3, 2024
+Copyright: © 2024 Pagès et al. This is an open
+access article distributed under the terms of the
+Creative Commons Attribution License, which
+permits unrestricted use, distribution, and
+reproduction in any medium, provided the original
+author and source are credited.
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/a1da3c0951fafe55.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/a1da3c0951fafe55.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e5c3f8b0ab5986356d7502174cb0961850621696
--- /dev/null
+++ b/corpus/humanities/text/a1da3c0951fafe55.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Digital Technology Enables Optimization of Piano Playing Techniques: A Study on Performance Error Identification and Correction Based on Multimodal Acoustic Data
+
+Objective and efficient evaluation of piano performance remains difficult due to the complex interaction among motor control, acoustic characteristics, and artistic expression. To improve the accuracy of performance assessment and training feedback, this study proposes a multimodal acoustic data-driven framework for piano performance error identification and correction. High-precision audio acquisition devices and motion capture sensors are employed to synchronously collect acoustic signals and key-motion parameters, forming a multimodal performance dataset. Based on signal analysis and pattern recognition techniques, an automated error identification model is developed to detect deviations in pitch accuracy, rhythmic stability, and dynamic control. Personalized correction strategies are subsequently generated through visual feedback and adaptive training modules. Experimental evaluation involving learners at different skill levels demonstrates that the proposed system significantly improves technical performance indicators compared with conventional training methods. Furthermore, the analysis reveals strong correlations between performance error patterns and practice behaviors. The proposed framework provides an effective approach for intelligent music education and offers methodological references for acoustic signal processing, multimodal sensing, and pattern recognition applications.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/a23d5bcda7f9c7ab.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/a23d5bcda7f9c7ab.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..42ef5241380a928e3902ef476ae63de4b97772df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/corpus/humanities/text/a23d5bcda7f9c7ab.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+XPS characterization of (copper-based) coloured stains formed on limestone surfaces of outdoor Roman monuments
+
+Limestone basements holding bronzes or other copper alloys artefacts such as sculptures, decorations and dedicatory inscriptions are frequently met both in modern and ancient monuments. In outdoor conditions, such a combination implies the corrosion products of the copper based alloy, directly exposed to rainwater, will be drained off and migrate through the porous surfaces, forming stains of different colours and intensities, finally causing the limestone structures to deteriorate.In this work we have analysed samples from two modern limestone monuments in Rome, the Botticino surfaces of the 'Vittoriano' (by G.Sacconi, 1885-1911- Piazza Venezia) and the travertine basement of the 'Statua dello Studente' (by A.Cataldi, 1920- University city, La Sapienza), and focussed our investigation on the chemical composition of the copper-stained zones using XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) as a surface-specific technique.Based on observations reporting on the structure and bonding at the calcite surfaces we have identified copper complexes and mixed calcium/copper carbonates associated with the stains, as well as the chemical state of other elements therein included, and related the compositional changes with differences in chromatic characteristics and sampling locations.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/a36942218322d559.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/a36942218322d559.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f85b416dc6cfe1698119474bee3572e5f8914beb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/corpus/humanities/text/a36942218322d559.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+Corrigendum: Dysregulated but not decreased salience network activity in schizophrenia
+
+‘There was an oversight on acknowledging funding from the ERC which was a contractual obligation for the funding. I would be grateful if we could add a correction to the acknowledgements to reflect that Professor Sukhi Shergill was funded by an ERC Consolidator Award.’
+
+CORRECTION
+published: 09 October 2019
+doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00346
+Frontiers in Human Neuroscience | www.frontiersin.org
+1
+October 2019 | Volume 13 | Article 346
+Approved by:
+Frontiers Editorial Office,
+Frontiers Media SA, Switzerland
+*Correspondence:
+Thomas P. White
+thomas.1.white@kcl.ac.uk
+†These authors have contributed
+equally to this work
+Specialty section:
+This article was submitted to
+Brain Imaging and Stimulation,
+a section of the journal
+Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
+Received: 13 August 2019
+Accepted: 19 September 2019
+Published: 09 October 2019
+Citation:
+White TP, Gilleen J and Shergill SS
+(2019) Corrigendum: Dysregulated but
+not decreased salience network
+activity in schizophrenia.
+Front. Hum. Neurosci. 13:346.
+doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00346
+Corrigendum: Dysregulated but not
+decreased salience network activity
+in schizophrenia
+Thomas P. White*†, James Gilleen † and Sukhwinder S. Shergill
+Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
+Keywords: schizophrenia, salience, cortical networks, fMRI, reward
+A Corrigendum on
+Dysregulated but not decreased salience network activity in schizophrenia
+by White, T. P., Gilleen, J., and Shergill, S. S. (2013). Front. Hum. Neurosci. 7:65.
+doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00065
+In the original article, we neglected to include the funder “European Research Council ERC
+Consolidator Grant #311686” and the “NIHR Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at the
+SLaM NHS Trust and King’s College London” to SS.
+A Funding statement has therefore been added to the published article:
+“Funding was provided by the European Research Council ERC Consolidator Grant, #311686
+and the NIHR Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at the SLaM NHS Trust and King’s
+College London, to SS.”
+The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions
+of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.
+Copyright © 2019 White, Gilleen and Shergill. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons
+Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s)
+and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted
+academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/a8b845b974fc460d.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/a8b845b974fc460d.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0717b373718ba3d20c577d4984c5bd204a42c160
--- /dev/null
+++ b/corpus/humanities/text/a8b845b974fc460d.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INDIRECT WRITTEN CORRECTION ON ENGLISH WRITING SKILLS
+
+This study purposed to gain the difference between students’ academic performance in writing skills who are taught by using indirect written correction and those do not. The research design used quasi-experimental design because this study did not do randomization. In this experimental design, the researcher used two classes to become the subject. One class was experimental class which treated by using indirect correction technique while the other class was control class which was not treated by using indirect correction technique. The subject of this study was seven grade in MTs Pontren Surya Buana Malang.; 7C became control group and 7D was became experimental group. Both of groups consisted 24 students. Both of groups consisted 35 students. This data used t-test to find the significant difference of both groups. The result was difference between two groups 17, 16 and the std. deviation difference is 0, 92. T-test count =18, 591 t- table =1, 679 and p-value 0.000 α (0, 05). It applied that the technique was effective. The conclusion is indirect correction technique is effective to teach writing skills. Then, it is suggested to the teacher to apply or implement a different writing technique to practice and improve the students’ writing, especially by using corrective feedback that have been practiced before. The next researchers can use another technique in their research such as direct corrective feedback because this research uses indirect corrective feedback to improve writing skills
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/ac21c57204dcc8f5.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/ac21c57204dcc8f5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..660f619b989076f6efd5dca03da0739b34a9e004
--- /dev/null
+++ b/corpus/humanities/text/ac21c57204dcc8f5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Correction: Heritage at a crossroads: between cultural preservation and overtourism in Penglipuran Village, Bali
+
+A Correction on: Ginanjar A, de Archellie R, Alkatiri Z, Nazaruddin N, Bahar A and Wangge H (2026) Heritage at a crossroads: between cultural preservation and overtourism in Penglipuran Village, Bali. Front. Sustain. Tour. 5:1793484. doi The reference list has been updated and the citation for 'Tasyawarani, 2025' and'Bali Hotel Association. 2023' has now been inserted in the Introduction, Paragraph 3: 'Since the lifting of COVID-19 travel restrictions, tourist arrivals have surged, increasing by over 120 percent in 2023 compared to 2022 (Bali Hotel Association, 2023). While the number of visitors in the post-pandemic era may not reach the 16.1 million recorded in 2019, arrivals grew by around 20 percent from 2023 to 2025 (Tasyawarani, 2025).' The original version of this article has been updated.An update has been made to 2 Conceptual framework, 2.1 Definitions, concepts, and spatial dimensions of overtourism, Paragraph 1, to remove the following sentence: "The World Tourism Organization World Tourism Organization (2018, p. 4) defines overtourism as "the impact of tourism on a destination, or parts thereof, that excessively influences perceived quality of life of citizens and/or quality of visitors' experiences negatively."
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/ac94addd075e4f23.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/ac94addd075e4f23.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c35424776aeb95b5cd7aeb86447c2cfe96d9e32b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/corpus/humanities/text/ac94addd075e4f23.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,1401 @@
+Persian Period Finds from Jerusalem: Facts and Interpretations
+
+The Babylonian, Persian and early Hellenistic periods are unique in the history of Judah. They represent a kind of "interlude" between two periods of greatness and political independence. This article discusses the archaeological finds from Jerusalem in the Persian and Early Hellenistic periods. It includes an assessment of the scope of the built-up area of the city, and an estimate of the city's population, on the basis of the archaeological data. This article's emphasis on the importance of the Ophel hill as the main built-up area in the Persian and Early Hellenistic period is unique in present archaeological and historical research of ancient Jerusalem.
+
+ 
+1 
+ 
+The Journal of Hebrew 
+Scriptures 
+ISSN 1203-1542 
+http://www.jhsonline.org and 
+http://purl.org/jhs 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+Articles in JHS are being indexed in the 
+ATLA Religion Database, RAMBI, and 
+BiBIL. Their abstracts appear in Reli-
+gious and Theological Abstracts. The 
+journal is archived by Library and Archives 
+Canada and is accessible for consultation 
+and research at the Electronic Collection 
+site maintained by Library and Archives 
+Canada (for a direct link, click here).  
+  
+VOLUME 9, ARTICLE 20 
+ 
+ODED LIPSCHITS, 
+PERSIAN PERIOD FINDS FROM JERUSALEM: FACTS 
+AND INTERPRETATIONS 
+ 
+
+2 
+JOURNAL OF HEBREW SCRIPTURES 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ PERSIAN PERIOD FINDS FROM 
+JERUSALEM: FACTS AND 
+INTERPRETATIONS 
+ODED LIPSCHITS 
+INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY, TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY 
+1. INTRODUCTION 
+In the last few years, there has been a drastic decline in scholarly 
+estimates of Jerusalem’s population in the Persian and Early Helle-
+nistic Periods. Ryle’s population estimate of about 100,000 retur-
+nees from Babylon to Judah, and a similar number of population in 
+Jerusalem and its neighboring towns and villages (1907: xxxii), was 
+cut in half to the more acceptable estimates of the middle of the 
+20th century when Albright (1949: 87) wrote, “The total population 
+of Judah was over 42,000 freeborn Jews, besides over 7,000 slaves 
+and menials, approximately 50,000 in all, of whom between 10,000 
+and 15,000 may have lived in and around the capital”. Many scho-
+lars accepted this estimate through the second half of that century 
+(cf. Bright 1959: 376–377, 383; Mazar 1975: 200; Berquist 1995: 83, 
+n. 43). Even Weinberg (1972; 1992: 42–43; 2000: 316), who had a 
+very high estimate for the population of Judah (150,000), estimated 
+the population of Jerusalem within that ‘consensus’ (3,044 men and 
+12,000 or 15,000 inhabitants).1  
+During the 1970’s changes started to effect demographic es-
+timates in general and those of Jerusalem in particular. Population 
+estimates of Jerusalem in the Persian and early Hellenistic period 
+dropped to half or less than half of the previous numbers, especial-
+ly when more archaeological material came to light, and it became 
+clear that between the 5th and the 3rd centuries BCE the city was 
+concentrated only in the Southeastern Hill (the so called ‘City of 
+                                                   
+ 
+Author note: I wish to express my deep gratitude to Prof. Nadav 
+Na’aman,  Prof. Ronny Reich, Prof. David Vanderhooft and Prof. Gary 
+Knoppers, for reading an earlier draft of this paper, and for their helpful 
+remarks. I am most thankful to Ken Ristau for his assistance. The draw-
+ings in this paper were produced by Ido Koch.  
+1 See, however, Blenkinsopp (1991: 40–44) and Carter’s (1999: 279–
+299) critiques of Weinberg’s estimates. 
+
+PERSIAN PERIOD FINDS FROM JERUSALEM: FACTS AND 
+INTERPRETATIONS 
+ 
+ 
+3
+David’). Broshi (1977: 68, and table p. 71) estimated that the popu-
+lation in Persian period Jerusalem was approximately 4,800 inhabi-
+tants; Oeming (1987: 193–194) about 4,800–6,000 people or more; 
+Avigad (1993: 720) “a few thousand” inhabitants; Levine (2002: 33) 
+about 4,000–5,000 inhabitants; and, Blenkinsopp (1988: 320–327) 
+and Grabbe (1998: 59) about 3,000. 
+These numbers continued to drop when the estimates were 
+made with greater attention to the results of archaeological excava-
+tions and surveys. Based on the archaeological data, Carter (1994: 
+134–135; 1999: 148, 288; cf. Miller and Hayes 2006: 522–523) and 
+Lipschits (2003: 330–331; 2005: 212; 2006: 32) estimated ca. 1,500 
+inhabitants in Jerusalem during the 5th century BCE,2 while Geva's 
+(2007b: 56–57) estimation of the population in Jerusalem was 
+about 1,000 people. 
+Recently, two ‘ultra-minimalistic’ views have been proposed. 
+On the one hand, Zwickel (2008: 216–217), mainly on the basis of 
+the descriptions and lists in Nehemiah, estimated that the popula-
+tion of the city before the days of Nehemiah was about 200 people 
+and afterwards about 400 or 600 people.3 Finkelstein (2008: 501–
+507), on the other hand, expressed a similar view, though rooted in 
+the archaeological data. According to Finkelstein, only some parts 
+of the Southeastern Hill of Jerusalem were populated in this period, 
+leading him to conclude that the settled area consisted of c. 20–25 
+dunam. According to his calculations, the population in the city 
+during Nehemiah’s period was about 400 people, including women 
+and children (i.e., about 100 men). 
+The purpose of this paper is to present the archaeological 
+finds from the Persian and Early Hellenistic periods in Jerusalem, 
+assess the scope of the built-up area of the city, and provide – on 
+the basis of this archaeological data – an estimate of the city’s pop-
+ulation.  
+                                                   
+ 
+2 Carter, based on textual evidence from Nehemiah, Haggai and Ze-
+chariah 1–8, estimated Jerusalem’s population before the time of Nehe-
+miah was 625 to 750 inhabitants (1999: 200, and cf. Meyers and Meyers 
+1994: 282). Halligan (2002: 146) assumed on the basis of Carter’s formula 
+that at the beginning of the Persian Period there were 977 to 1080 inhabi-
+tants in Jerusalem. These estimates all follow those of Smith (1971: 141–
+144) and Weinberg (1992: 43; 2000: 308–309, 313–316), in their textual-
+historical reconstruction of the synoikismos policy of Nehemiah, parallel to 
+the policies of Greek tyrants. Weinberg (2000: 308–309), hypothesized 
+that before the synoikismos there were only 50–150 men in Jerusalem (200–
+600 people) and after it there were 3,044 men or more (about 12,000 or 
+15,000 people). 
+3 Zwickel based his estimations mainly on the descriptions and lists in 
+the book of Nehemiah. Since this paper deals mainly with the archaeolog-
+ical finds from Jerusalem, I will not deal here with Zwickel arguments. On 
+this subject see: Lipschits 2005: 154–174.  
+
+4 
+JOURNAL OF HEBREW SCRIPTURES 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+2. SOME METHODOLOGICAL NOTES 
+The Babylonian, Persian and early Hellenistic periods are a unique 
+era in the history of Judah. From 586 to 167 BCE, Judah was a 
+small province under the rule of great empires. According to both 
+biblical and archaeological evidence, Jerusalem was destroyed and 
+left deserted by the Babylonians for a period of nearly 50 years 
+(Lipschits 2005: 210–218, with further literature). Biblical accounts 
+assert that the temple in Jerusalem was rebuilt at the beginning of 
+the Persian Period, and that, during this period, the city once again 
+became the center of the Judean cult. According to an account in 
+Nehemiah, the fortifications of Jerusalem were rebuilt in the mid-
+dle of the 5th century BCE. If this was actually the case, than as a 
+result, Jerusalem became a Bîrāh, probably replacing Mizpah, which 
+had served as the capital of the newly established province of Ye-
+hud for 141 years, from 586 BCE (Lipschits 2001), through the 
+Neo-Babylonian period (Lemaire 2003: 292), until the time of Ne-
+hemiah (445 BCE, Blenkinsopp 1998: 42, n. 48; cf. Lemaire 1990: 
+39–40; 2003: 292). Unfortunately though, the available archaeologi-
+cal data for the Persian period that might corroborate this biblical 
+evidence is minimal and, so generally, scholars have assumed that 
+the city did not become a large and important urban and adminis-
+trative center before the middle of the second century BCE.  
+The history of Jerusalem between 586 and 167 BCE is an “in-
+terlude” between two periods of greatness and political indepen-
+dence: the end of the first temple period on the one hand and the 
+period of the Hasmoneans on the other (Lipschits, forthcoming). 
+Before 586 and after 167 BCE Judah, and especially Jerusalem, 
+were the focus of scribal literature that promoted the centrality of 
+the city, its temple, and the leaders of the nation (be it the house of 
+David or the Hasmonean family).4 Jerusalem and its ongoing ex-
+pansion played an important role in this literature and, in some 
+ways, developed as a result of it. In both periods, the built-up area 
+of the city expanded, over a short time period, to the Western Hill 
+of Jerusalem (the area of the modern day Jewish and Armenian 
+Quarters and the so called Mount Zion) and was enclosed by 
+strong fortifications. The Southeastern Hill (the ‘City of David’) 
+was rebuilt and refortified as well. The borders of Judah, its army, 
+and its administration also underwent dramatic changes, all of 
+which make the late 8th and 7th centuries BCE as well as the second 
+                                                   
+ 
+4 The Biblical literature from the Persian and Early Hellenistic period 
+was written during a period when Jerusalem was small and weak, and 
+Judah was a small province under the rule of huge empires. The memories 
+of Jerusalem and the temple from the period before the Babylonian de-
+struction, side by side with the expectations and hopes that the city will 
+renew its glorious days, were the main force behind the Biblical literature 
+during this period.  
+
+PERSIAN PERIOD FINDS FROM JERUSALEM: FACTS AND 
+INTERPRETATIONS 
+ 
+ 
+5
+half of the 2nd century BCE well defined and easily recognizable 
+periods in the historical and archaeological research of Judah. 
+In contrast to the rich and well recognized architectural re-
+mains from the late 8th to 7th and the 2nd to 1st centuries BCE, not 
+many building remains from the intervening period, i.e., the Baby-
+lonian, Persian and early Hellenistic periods, have been uncovered 
+in Judah. This is the case even at sites where an abundance of pot-
+tery sherds, stamp impressions, figurines and other typical Persian 
+period finds have been uncovered (Stern 2001: 424–427, 461–462). 
+In other places, I have claimed that under the Assyrian, Babylonian 
+and Persian rule there was a marked process of attenuation in ur-
+ban life in Judah (and to a lesser degree also in Samaria, see Lip-
+schits 2006: 26–30, with further literature). The administrative and 
+urban centers that survived the catastrophes of those periods were 
+small and weak compared with their 6th century or 2nd century BCE 
+counterparts. However, this scarcity of building remains from the 
+Persian period does not fully reflect the actual, admittedly poor, 
+situation at that time. Rather, it is the outcome of incomplete arc-
+haeological data (Stern 2001: 461–462), especially in the case of 
+Jerusalem. 
+Contrary to views that take the negative finds, especially in Je-
+rusalem, as reflecting the actual situation in the city (“the negative is 
+as important as the positive”, Finkelstein 2008: 505), I will suggest 
+that the Persian and early Hellenistic period occupation levels were 
+severely damaged by intensive building activities conducted in the 
+late Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, and even later periods. The 
+situation in Jerusalem is not unique or exceptional, especially when 
+dealing with hilltop sites where all structures – private and public – 
+had to be based on the bedrock,5 but it is much more dramatic 
+because of the scope and grandeur of the subsequent building ef-
+forts, as well as the frequent destruction of the site. The religious, 
+cultic, and political status of Jerusalem likely motivated not only 
+frequent political upheavals and destruction, but also a desire to 
+remove previous political and religious structures, and to reshape 
+the city. It seems to me that the main destructive force in Jerusalem 
+was the efforts, along many different periods, to build new struc-
+tures and the need to clear the debris from earlier periods. Addi-
+tionally, the topographical nature of the Southeastern Hill, which is 
+very steep and narrow at the top, requires that buildings, especially 
+the more prominent ones, be built on bedrock. This may explain 
+why the remains from the intervening 6th to 3rd centuries BCE were 
+discovered mainly in ‘pockets’ between the late complexes, or in 
+the dumps down in the valleys to the east and to the west of the 
+                                                   
+ 
+5 Even the late second temple private houses in the upper city of Jeru-
+salem, which is not so steep as the City of David, were based on the be-
+drock, and their storerooms, cellars, ritual bathes, and water pits were all 
+carved in the rock. 
+
+6 
+JOURNAL OF HEBREW SCRIPTURES 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+hill. When discussing the meaning of the archaeological remains 
+dated to the Persian and early Hellenistic periods discovered in the 
+city, one should be very careful about concluding that the city was 
+empty or nearly empty throughout these periods. In this case, it is 
+more difficult to assert that the absence of finds means that there 
+was nothing there; explanations dealing with the negative finds 
+must be taken seriously. 
+The above assumption is not merely a theoretical one. The 
+Southeastern Hill (the ‘city of David’) was rebuilt and refortified in 
+the Late Hellenistic, Roman, and later periods, undergoing particu-
+larly dramatic changes when huge public and private buildings were 
+
+PERSIAN PERIOD FINDS FROM JERUSALEM: FACTS AND 
+INTERPRETATIONS 
+ 
+ 
+7
+built on top of the ridge. In most cases, like at other hilltop sites, 
+the new buildings were based on the natural rock or on very strong 
+existing structures (like the Middle Bronze and Iron Age II fortifi-
+cations). These structures functioned just like the natural bedrock, 
+especially in the Ophel region, along the eastern slope of the ridge, 
+and in the area surrounding the Gihon Spring. The late builders, 
+who wanted a strong foundation for large private and public struc-
+tures, removed all the small and unstable remains from the periods 
+between the late Iron Age and the Hasmonean period. Only in 
+cases when there were remains from the Persian and Early Helle-
+nistic periods that could have been combined in later building 
+project, either because they changed the natural rock or they were 
+leveling Iron Age structures that could have been incorporated in 
+later building remains, the Persian period material was left in place. 
+The same situation can be detected along the southern edge of the 
+hill. All the pre-Hellenistic remains in the southern part of the City 
+of David were removed and the area was cleaned to the bedrock in 
+the Hellenistic Period.6  
+As a matter of fact, mapping the main structures from the late 
+Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, and later periods in the City of Da-
+vid creates a kind of a ‘negative image’ of the places where Persian 
+and early Hellenistic periods sherds, stamp impressions, and other 
+indicative artifacts can be found. The finds from these periods 
+survived only between the later buildings, in fills, or along the 
+slopes to the east and west of the ridge. This is the reason why, for 
+example, the earliest remains in Shiloh’s Area K, located on the 
+ridge, about 100 m to the north of Area A are dated to the early 
+Roman period, even though this area was excavated to bedrock. 
+This area went through a large-scale clearing operation, which de-
+stroyed the earlier remains. Another example of the absence of 
+Persian or early Hellenistic finds can be observed in Shiloh’s Area 
+A, on the southern top of the ridge. This area experienced dramatic 
+changes during the Roman Period with the construction of part of 
+the reservoirs (Birket el-Hamra) and the fortification of the mouth 
+of the Central Valley, which formed part of the ‘First Wall’ of Jeru-
+salem (Shiloh 1984: 5). Shiloh noticed the reuse of stones from 
+earlier periods as part of the Late Hellenistic and Early Roman 
+building projects, and De Groot, Cohen and Caspi (1992) noticed 
+that the Early Roman remains were discovered over Iron II re-
+mains. The same situation obtained in E. Mazar’s excavations just 
+above Area G (2006), where a building from the Late Hellenistic 
+                                                   
+ 
+6 Shiloh (1984: 17) assumed that it was part of the building of Aelia 
+Capitolina, Barkay (2008a: 48; 2008b: 49–57) assumed that it was part of 
+the destruction of the Seleucid Hakrah (141 BCE), and Reich claimed that 
+it was part of the building of the Church near the Siloam Pool (oral com-
+munication). 
+
+8 
+JOURNAL OF HEBREW SCRIPTURES 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+and Early Roman periods was uncovered superimposed over re-
+mains of a large building dated to the Iron IIA. 
+The absence of finds from the Persian Period in the large area 
+of the Ophel is also not surprising. The heavy destruction caused 
+to this area by the Babylonians and the probable after effects of 
+further collapse and crumbling processes—well indicated in Area 
+G of Shiloh’s excavations, just under the Ophel, at the northeastern 
+side of the City of David, and the huge stone collapse and ruins as 
+discovered in the excavations—made it very hard to develop future 
+settlements. The slopes of the ridge were cleaned to bedrock in the 
+Herodian, as well as in the Umayyad, period (Mazar 1986: 64). 
+Especially in the Herodian period, the topography of the Ophel 
+area was changed and large buildings and ritual baths were built, 
+founded on and cut into the natural bedrock (Mazar 1986: 15–46, 
+and esp. pp. 41–46). The best example of such a structure is the 
+stairway leading to the Huldah Gates, which covered a very large 
+area and was built solely on the bedrock. No building remains from 
+the period before Herod’s time were discovered in the Ophel area, 
+with the exception of the so called ‘Building A’ (‘the corner turret’ 
+or ‘the extra tower’) which was part of the Ophel’s fortifications in 
+the Iron Age II and provided a sturdy foundation for the later con-
+struction above it (Mazar and Mazar 1989: 8); Building C (the gate), 
+which is a massive structure, composed of a stone plinth, founda-
+tion walls and earth fills, built in a place where the bedrock des-
+cends sharply, and which served as a base for later buildings and 
+fortifications, especially in the Roman Period (idem: 13–28); and, 
+some remains of Building D (idem: 29–48). All these structures 
+were strong and massive enough to be treated by the architects of 
+the Roman period as part of the bedrock, so that the buildings 
+from the Roman period were built on the foundation they provided 
+(see, for instance, idem: 25–26; 31–32; 36–37; 41–42). Besides these 
+structures, only some architectural remains can be dated to the 
+period between the Iron Age and the early Roman Period (see, for 
+instance, W. 51, in Mazar and Mazar 1989: 33; 47). There are, how-
+ever, many Iron Age pottery sherds, especially in the fills (together 
+with Hellenistic and Roman pottery and other finds, see: Kenyon 
+1967a: 104; Mazar and Mazar 1989: 9–12; 46–47) , in contrast with 
+only a few sherds from the Persian period (and only one Yehud 
+stamp impression, see: Mazar and Mazar 1989: XV–XVI).  
+One more methodological point should be raised in this con-
+nection. The Persian period in Jerusalem did not end suddenly with 
+a violent destruction. One can assume that had this not been  the 
+case, we could have detected many more finds in the destruction 
+level. However, when archaeologists are dealing with a period that 
+ended in a long transition bridging the Persian and Hellenistic pe-
+riod (the 4th-3rd centuries BCE), and adding the nature of this 
+calm end to the nature of the poor and small settlement throughout 
+the 6th to 3rd centuries BCE, and the nature of the later periods 
+(late Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine), characterized by huge 
+
+PERSIAN PERIOD FINDS FROM JERUSALEM: FACTS AND 
+INTERPRETATIONS 
+ 
+ 
+9
+building projects founded on the bedrock, we have a reasonable 
+explanation for the absence of Persian period building remains in 
+Jerusalem without taking this absence as a proof for the actual 
+situation in the city throughout this period.  
+The next sections will discuss the actual Persian period and 
+early Hellenistic finds in Jerusalem in order to assess the scope of 
+the settled area in the city during these periods, the size of the city, 
+and the number of its inhabitants.  
+3. PERSIAN PERIOD FINDS IN JERUSALEM: THE FACTS 
+Few architectural finds discovered in Jerusalem attest to its exis-
+tence as an urban center during the Persian and Early Hellenistic 
+Periods. Additionally, there are no traces of rich tombs around the 
+city during this period,7 and no signs of rich material culture in or 
+around the city. The main finds from Jerusalem that are clearly 
+assigned to the Persian period are pottery sherds and other small 
+finds (especially stamp impressions) typical of this period. I will 
+first present the finds discovered on the Western Hill of Jerusalem 
+(the modern day Jewish and Armenian Quarters and the area of 
+Mount Zion) and then the finds discovered on the Southeastern 
+Hill (the City of David).Persian Period Finds in the Western Hill. 
+In the many excavations in the Western Hill of Jerusalem, only a 
+few pottery sherds and other small finds from the Persian Period 
+have been found, in most cases, in landfills from the Hellenistic 
+and especially from the Roman Period and with no clear strati-
+graphic context (Stern 2001: 434–436).  
+Within the area of the Armenian Garden, several pottery 
+sherds from the Persian Period and six Yehud stamp impressions 
+were uncovered in the layers of silt that overlay the remnant of the 
+Babylonian destruction (Kenyon 1967: 105–112; Tushingham 1967: 
+72; 1985: 38, 72, but see, for instance, the critique by Barkay 1985: 
+181). Gibson (1987) and Geva (2003a: 524–525) describe similar 
+results. Broshi’s excavations on Mt. Zion uncovered two yhwd 
+stamp impressions and a small silver coin of the yhwd type, similar 
+to that found by Negbi on the French Hill (Broshi 1972: 105; 1976: 
+82–83; Barkay, Tal and Fantalkin 2002: 66). In Bliss and Dickey’s 
+excavations at the southwestern part of Mt. Zion (1894–1897) one 
+Yehud stamp impression was discovered (1898: Pl. 27: 47), and in 
+the excavations conducted in the same place in 2007–2008, a Hel-
+lenistic 2nd century BCE fortification was discovered (part of it was 
+already exposed in Bliss and Dickey’s excavations), together with 
+pottery and other finds from the late Iron Age and Hellenistic pe-
+riod.8 No Persian period finds were reported from Zelinger’s exca-
+vations.  
+                                                   
+ 
+7 On the burial caves in Mamilla and Ketef Hinnom, see: Reich 1994; 
+Barkay 1994, and see further below. 
+8 Zelinger, in IAA announcement to the media: 
+
+10 
+JOURNAL OF HEBREW SCRIPTURES 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+In the excavations conducted by Lux at the Church of the Re-
+deemer at the northwest section of the Muristan, mixed pottery 
+sherds were found in the landfill underneath the wall, which was 
+dated to the late Roman Period. Among these sherds were many 
+sherds from Iron Age II, and alongside these, a few pottery sherds 
+from the Persian Period.9 Within the citadel (the Tower of David), 
+a yršlm stamp impression, dated to the 2nd century BCE was discov-
+ered, together with one late yehud stamp impression dated to the 
+same period. No earlier material was reported in this area (Amiran 
+and Eitan 1970: 13, and cf. Avigad 1976: 25, n. 77). Avigad identi-
+fied only a small number of seal impressions of the yršlm and yehud 
+types in all of the extensive excavations of the Jewish Quarter and 
+so concluded that the entire area was abandoned between the end 
+of the Iron Age and the beginning of the Hellenistic period (1972: 
+95; 1983: 61–63). In a similar way, Geva summarized the finds 
+dated to the Persian period that were discovered in the Jewish 
+quarter during Avigad’s excavations (1969–1982) (Geva 2000: 24; 
+2003a: 208; 2003b: 524). 
+One yehud stamp impression was found in the Western Wall of 
+the Temple Mount excavations, under the floors of the Herodian 
+Period (Mazar 1969, Pl. 46: 3). South of the Temple Mount, a few 
+pottery sherds from the Persian period were found in Hellenistic 
+period fills, together with two Attic sherds and one ‘yhwd’ stamp 
+impression (Mazar 1972: 88; 1980: 49). Ben-Dov adds to these a 
+clay figurine from the Persian period, and otherwise emphasized 
+the nearly complete absence of finds from the Persian period 
+(1982: 63–64). 
+In Barkay’s description of the salvage excavations conducted 
+by Kloner and Bahat on Ha-Gai Street (1985: 43), he notes that 
+within the line of the wall, with its north-south orientation, pottery 
+sherds were found from the Second Temple period, and at the foot 
+of the wall, on the natural rock, some pottery sherds from the se-
+venth century BCE were discovered, together with a large bowl 
+dated to the Persian Period (ibid.).  
+The unavoidable conclusion from the above summary is that 
+throughout the Persian and early Hellenistic periods, the Western 
+Hill was entirely abandoned, and the area was only resettled in the 
+2nd century BCE.10 There are no signs for burials in the Western 
+                                                                                                     
+ 
+http://www.antiquities.org.il/article_item_ido.asp?sec_id=25&subj_id=240&id=1423. 
+9 Among these finds one should mention a rim of a hole-mouth jar 
+with wedge-shaped impressions (Lux 1972: 191–195, and cf. Stern 1982: 
+133–136). 
+10 This is the common view among scholars, and see, for instance, 
+Kenyon 1974: 188–255; Tsafrir 1977: 36; Avigad 1983: 61–63; Geva 1983; 
+1994; 2000a: 24; 2000b: 158; 2003a: 113–114; 2003b: 524–526; Geva and 
+Reich 2000: 42; Geva and Avigad 2000b: 218; Shiloh 1984: 23; Tushing-
+ham 1985: 85; Broshi and Gibson 1994; Chen, Margalit and Pixner 1994; 
+Sivan and Solar 1994; Finkielstijn 1999: 28*; De Groot and Ariel 2005: 
+
+PERSIAN PERIOD FINDS FROM JERUSALEM: FACTS AND 
+INTERPRETATIONS 
+ 
+ 
+11
+Hill throughout the period that it was abandoned, probably because 
+of the memories of the importance of this area, the marked re-
+mains of the houses and the Iron Age city wall, and probably the 
+existence of some scattered houses and tilled pieces of land. Even 
+if there are signs in three tombs from the rich late Iron Age burial 
+field that surrounded the Western Hill to the north, west and south 
+before the 586 BCE destruction, for continued use in the Persian 
+period (Barkay 1994; Reich 1994), the reasonable interpretation is 
+that it belonged to families that lived in Jerusalem before the de-
+struction and in the area of Jerusalem or even in the City of David 
+during the Persian period. 
+This fact stands in agreement with the finds of yehud stamp 
+impressions, since according to the new typology developed by 
+Vanderhooft and Lipschits (2007), no stamp impressions belonging 
+to the early (late 6th and 5th century BCE) or middle types (4th and 
+3rd centuries BCE) were discovered in any of the excavated areas 
+outside the limits of the City of David (Lipschits and Vanderhooft 
+2007b: 108–112). All the stamp impressions discovered in the 
+Western Hill belong to the two latest types (dated to the 2nd century 
+BCE, maybe even to the middle or second half of this century), and 
+some of them came from clear Hasmonean archaeological con-
+texts, in some cases together with yršlm stamp impressions and 
+other material dated to this period (Geva 2007a, with further litera-
+ture; Lipschits and Vanderhooft, 2007b: 111–112). 
+Of the ten stamp impressions belonging to late types discov-
+ered in the Jewish Quarter excavations (Reich 2003a; Eshel 2006: 
+404), five were excavated in a well stratified context, dated to the 
+second century BCE. One stamp impression was excavated in Area 
+W and four more in Area C, all of them in loci consisting of homo-
+genous earth fill of the second century BCE, and in an identical 
+stratigraphic sequence: above eighth–sixth century BCE remains, 
+and under remains of the first century BCE–first century CE (Geva 
+2007a). Other stamp impressions discovered on the Western Hill 
+of Jerusalem came from post-Hellenistic stratigraphic contexts. 
+Some were found in fills under buildings from the Herodian pe-
+riod,11 and others in fills from later periods.  
+The 27 yehud stamp impressions discovered in various areas of 
+the Western Hill represent more than 30% of the total finds of the 
+late group of yehud stamp impressions discovered in Jerusalem (59 
+                                                                                                     
+ 
+67–68; Lipschits 2005: 212–213; Lipschits and Vanderhooft 2007b: 108–
+112. 
+11 See, for example, the six stamp impressions discovered in the Ke-
+nyon-Tushingham excavations in the Armenian Garden, all were exca-
+vated in a fill connected to the podium of Herod’s palace, which includes 
+a mixture of pottery from the First and Second Temple periods (Tushing-
+ham 1985: 37, Fig. 17: 18–23). Also in Amiran and Eitan’s excavations in 
+the Citadel, a stamp impression was discovered in the fill of the podium 
+of Herod’s palace (Amiran and Eitan 1970: 13). 
+
+12 
+JOURNAL OF HEBREW SCRIPTURES 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+more stamp impressions from the late group were discovered in 
+the City of David). This proportion is much higher than the Rho-
+dian stamp impressions, of which only 5% were discovered in the 
+Western Hill, while most of the rest were discovered in the City of 
+David (Ariel 1990; 2003). The difference in the proportion of the 
+two types of stamp impressions discovered in the Western Hill and 
+in the City of David probably does not point to different popula-
+tion groups in these areas before the destruction of the Hakra in 
+141 BCE by Simeon (I Mac. 13, 49–51), as assumed by Fin-
+kielsztejn (1999: 28*–31* with further literature, and see against this 
+idea Ariel 1990: 25; 2000: 269, 276–280). Instead, this fact likely 
+indicates that the settlement on the Western Hill did not start be-
+fore the beginning of the second half of the 2nd century BCE (Geva 
+1985: 30; Lipschits and Vanderhooft 2007b: 112), a period in which 
+there was a sharp decline in the importation of wine from Rhodes 
+(Ariel 1990: 21–25; 2000: 267–269). We can also assume that the 
+settlement process of the Western Hill during the 2nd century BCE 
+was a much slower and gradual process than described by some 
+scholars (see, for instance, Finkielsztejn 1999: 28*). 
+ 
+PERSIAN PERIOD FINDS IN THE CITY OF DAVID 
+Most of the excavated areas in the City of David since the 
+1960’s, including Kenyon’s Areas A, F, O, W, K, N (not to men-
+tion Areas B, D, E along the Eastern slopes of the Western Hill), 
+Shiloh’s Areas B, D, E and G, and Areas A and B excavated by 
+Reich and Shukron, were outside the presumed narrow inhabited 
+area of the Persian and Hellenistic periods that was limited to the 
+upper part of the hill. This is probably the reason why most of the 
+important finds from the Persian period in the City of David were 
+discovered in Macalister and Duncan’s excavations (1923–1925), 
+just above and to the west of Area G of Shiloh’s excavations, and 
+E. Mazar’s current excavations. Many pottery sherds from the Per-
+sian period were discovered, as well as 54 Yehud and 6 lion stamp 
+impressions dated to the Persian period (Duncan 1931: 143). This 
+is the largest number of Persian period stamp impressions discov-
+ered in one area in the City of David, and the most important Per-
+sian period concentration of finds. The location of this area at the 
+center of the ridge of the Southeastern Hill, at the northern area of 
+the City of David and just below the Ophel, attests to its adminis-
+trative importance in the Persian Period. We may assume that these 
+finds, probably part of a large fill that included Iron Age Pottery 
+and other Iron Age finds, were purposely taken from the Ophel 
+area no earlier than the middle of the Persian period as part of a 
+construction project just below the Ophel, at the northern and 
+highest part of the City of David. 
+
+PERSIAN PERIOD FINDS FROM JERUSALEM: FACTS AND 
+INTERPRETATIONS 
+ 
+ 
+13
+In Kenyon’s square AXVIII, which was excavated to the 
+north of the tower that had already been exposed by Macalister and 
+Duncan (1926: 49–51) and dated by them to the Persian period, 
+she observed that the tower was attached to an earlier wall, which 
+was built of large stones on a rock scarp about 7–8 meters high. 
+She dated the wall to the Persian period, assigned its construction 
+to Nehemiah, and dated the tower to the Hasmonean fortification 
+(Kenyon 1963: 15; 1974: 183–184, 191–192, Pl. 77; cf. idem. 1966: 
+83–84; 1967: 69).  
+In 2005, Eilat Mazar renewed the excavations in the same 
+area, and identified this wall (her wall 20, and see Mazar 2007a: 49–
+60; 2007b: 17–21) as part of the northern Iron Age IIA fortification 
+of what she called ‘David’s Palace’. The Hasmonean tower was 
+attached to this wall, with no signs of Persian period building re-
+mains (ibid.: 64). In 2007, as part of the conservation project of the 
+Hasmonean northern tower, Mazar excavated the fill under the 
+tower, and discovered the same Persian period material previously 
+exposed by Kenyon and Shiloh. According to Kenyon, this fill was 
+connected to the tower that was built on the bedrock, and this is 
+
+14 
+JOURNAL OF HEBREW SCRIPTURES 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+why she attempted to date it to the Persian period. Franken, how-
+ever, presented the drawing of the cut of Kenyon’s Square XVIII 
+and demonstrated that this fill was not connected to the wall, as 
+Macalister and Duncan had earlier presumed. Eilat Mazar (2007a: 
+49–60; 2007b: 17–21; 2008b: 31–37) suggested dating the tower 
+and the wall attached to it (wall 27) to the 5th century BCE and 
+identified it as a part of Nehemiah’s wall, but the reasons for this 
+decision and the question of the connection of this fill to the wall 
+itself are not clear. Shiloh connected this tower to the 1st century 
+BCE glacis that was already excavated by Kenyon. Its connection 
+to Macalister’s northern tower was well demonstrated (Shiloh 1984: 
+20–21, and figs. 27, 28; cf. the photo in Mazar 2007a: 64). This 
+northern tower was not built on the bedrock and, consequently, it 
+collapsed, making it possible for Eilat Mazar to excavate the fill 
+under it. The fill contains finds only from the 6th-5th centuries BCE, 
+which seems to indicate that it was part of the cleaning of the area 
+above it (in the northern edge of the city of David, just under the 
+Ophel), which in turn indicates that that area was populated in the 
+Persian period. The date of the fill, where there are no indications 
+for late Persian material (including yehud stamp impressions) may 
+indicate that it was laid before the fill above it, discovered by Maca-
+lister and Duncan, but it is certainly not sufficient grounds to date 
+the northern tower to the 5th century BCE or to identify it as part 
+of Nehemiah’s wall. 
+Some more Persian period finds, including one yehud stamp 
+impression, were discovered, though not in-situ, in Crowfoot and 
+Fitzgerald’s excavations at the ‘western gate’ of the City of David 
+(1927–1928).12 Pottery sherds dated to the Persian period, as well 
+as another stamp impression, were excavated by Reich and Shu-
+kron, just a few meters to the north, in the Givati parking place 
+(even though they did not reach the Persian period Stratum when 
+the excavation was stopped).13 These finds provide further evi-
+dence that the hill above this area (probably to its east and north-
+east) was occupied during the Persian period. This is another indi-
+cation that the Ophel and the northern part of the City of David 
+were settled during the Persian period. 
+In sum, the northern part of the City of David, just below the 
+Ophel, contains a significant number of Persian period finds. The 
+fills in which these finds were found seem to have originated from 
+the Ophel, just above this area to the north, and were laid before 
+the late Hellenistic and Roman periods.  
+                                                   
+ 
+12 See: Crowfoot and Fitzgerald 1929: 67. 
+13 See: Shukron and Reich 2005: 8. The excavations in this area were 
+renewed by the Israeli Antiquity Authority under the supervision of D. 
+Ben-Ami and Y. Tchehanovetz (from Reich and Shukron’s excavations to 
+the north), but no Persian period finds have been yet  reported (2009).  
+
+PERSIAN PERIOD FINDS FROM JERUSALEM: FACTS AND 
+INTERPRETATIONS 
+ 
+ 
+15
+Most of the Persian period pottery sherds and stamp impres-
+sions from the central and southern parts of the City of David were 
+discovered in Kenyon’s excavations along the eastern slope of the 
+ridge, in Shiloh’s Areas G, E, and D, and in the excavations of 
+Reich and Shukron south of Shiloh’s Area D. 
+In the publication of Shiloh’s excavations at the City of David, 
+three Strata were observed and dated to the period between the late 
+6th or early 5th and the 2nd century BCE: Stratum 9 was dated to the 
+Persian period, Stratum 8 to the early Hellenistic period, and Stra-
+tum 7 to the 2nd century BCE (Hasmonean Period). Stratum 9, 
+however, does not appear in all the excavated areas (Shiloh 1984: 4, 
+Table 2). Finds attributed to this Stratum appeared in Area D1 
+(Ariel, Hirschfeld and Savir 2000: 59–62; De Groot 2001: 77), Area 
+D2 (Shiloh 1984: 8–9),14 and in Area G (Shiloh 1984: 20).15 Shiloh’s 
+finds from the Persian Period were also partially represented in 
+Area E1 (Shiloh 1984: 14; De Groot 2001: 77; 2004: 15), and in-
+cluded some chalk vessels (Cahill 1992: 191–198, fig. 14). Sherds 
+dated to the Persian period were discovered in the fills in Area H, 
+to the east of the Siloam Pool, on the eastern slopes of Mount 
+Zion (De Groot and Michaeli 1992: 50–51; De Groot 2001: 78).16 
+Persian period sherds and seal impressions were discovered in 
+Reich and Shukron’s Areas A and B, above the Kidron Valley, ca. 
+200–250 m south of the Gihon Spring (Reich and Shukron 1998; 
+2007). The finds from these areas probably come from the settle-
+ment on the ridge above.  
+According to De Groot (2001: 77; 2004: 15, and cf. Cahill 
+1992: 191–198, fig. 14), the most significant finds from the Persian 
+period were excavated in Area E, especially in four squares (N-M \ 
+1–20). In this area the excavators could differentiate between three 
+different stages that they attributed to the Persian period Stratum 9. 
+At the early stage (9c), there is evidence for the reuse of a large 
+Iron Age building that was destroyed along with the rest of the city 
+in 586 BCE (and cf. De Groot 2001: 77–78). De Groot and Ariel 
+have suggested dating this early Persian period stage to the end of 
+the 6th and first half of the 5th century BCE (De Groot 2001: 78; 
+2004: 15), i.e., to the ‘pre-Nehemiah’ phase of the described ‘return’ 
+of the exiles. A sloping level of quarrying refuse (composed of 
+limestone chips with very little interspersed earth or pottery) was 
+ascribed to the second stage (9b). The refuse covers the large house 
+                                                   
+ 
+14 The finds assigned to Stratum 9 at Area D2 includ a Lycian coin 
+dated to 500–440 BCE (Ariel 1990: C1) and an ostracon (Naveh 2000: IN 
+16). 
+15 In this area Kenyon also discovered Persian Period finds (dated by 
+her to the 5th-3rd centuries BCE) in the fill adjacent to the Northern tower, 
+and this is the reason why she assigned this wall to Nehemiah’s fortifica-
+tions. See, however, the critique of De Groot 2001: 78. 
+16 De Groot’s assumed that the finds from the Persian period are a 
+proof that the Siloam pool was fortified during the Persian Period.  
+
+16 
+JOURNAL OF HEBREW SCRIPTURES 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+of the previous stage. The same level of quarrying refuse appeared 
+also in Area D1, 500 m to the south, and was dated to Stratum 9 
+(Ariel, Hirschfeld and Savir 2000: 59, and cf. Shiloh 1984: 7; De 
+Groot 2001: 78). In some cases the levels of these chips were sepa-
+rated by thin layers of earth, without any coherent pattern. The 
+quarrying activities above the eastern slope were documented in the 
+excavations by Bliss and Dickie (1898), Weil (1920) and in Area K 
+of the City of David excavations (Ariel and Magness 1992). It 
+should be emphasized that the existence of such levels of quarrying 
+refuse is an indication that the areas where it was discovered were 
+outside the limits of the city (Ariel, Hirschfeld and Savir 2000: 59), 
+but it also indicates that immediately above this area significant 
+construction activity was undertaken. De Groot and Ariel have 
+suggested dating this second phase to the reconstruction of the city 
+undertaken by Nehemiah in the middle of the 5th century BCE (De 
+Groot 2001: 78; 2004: 15; 2005: 82). The fact that signs of this 
+phase were discovered in a few other parts of the eastern slope (in 
+all of them there is reuse in the Roman period) may support the 
+assumption that it is a part of quarrying works conducted along the 
+upper part of the eastern slope of the ridge. The Persian period 
+date, the location of the works, and the long line along the eastern 
+slope of the ridge, are all indications of the “missing” wall of the 
+Persian period. It can be assumed that the heavy destruction of the 
+city in 586 BCE and its later aftermath, forced the late 6th and 5th 
+century BCE settlers to move the wall to the upper part of the 
+ridge, where there was a need for preparation-quarrying activity. 
+A few terrace walls and some floors with ovens were attri-
+buted to the third stage (9C) of the Persian period. De Groot and 
+Ariel have suggested this phase reflects activities at the margins of 
+the city, outside the limits of the fortified walls. It seems, however, 
+that the use of the quarries on the upper part of the ridge of the 
+City of David continued over a long period of time, as at least one 
+of the limestone chip layers belongs to Stratum 7 (Ariel, Hirschfeld 
+and Savir 2000: 59).  
+These Persian period finds may be combined with the obser-
+vations of Ariel and Shoham (2000: 138) and Reich and Shukron 
+(2007: 64) that most of the yehud stamp impressions from Shiloh’s 
+excavations originated in Areas B, D, and E. Of the eight stamp 
+impressions discovered by Reich and Shukron on the eastern slope 
+of the City of David, five originated in Area A, located in the Ki-
+dron Valley, some 200–250 m south of the Gihon spring, two in 
+Area B, at the mid-slope of the hill, above Area A, and next to 
+Shiloh’s Areas B and D1. Only one Yehud stamp impression was 
+retrieved in the areas excavated around the Gihon spring, where 
+vast amounts of late Second Temple debris were excavated above a 
+huge fill containing late Iron Age II pottery. The fact that no Per-
+sian period sherds were discovered in this area and no Yehud stamp 
+impressions, was interpreted by them as an indication that the Per-
+sian and early Hellenistic settlement was restricted to the top of the 
+
+PERSIAN PERIOD FINDS FROM JERUSALEM: FACTS AND 
+INTERPRETATIONS 
+ 
+ 
+17
+ridge, to the south of Area G (cf. Finkelstein 2008: 506). The prob-
+lem with this assumption is that this area is outside the narrow 
+ridge on the hill. On the ridge itself, above the Gihon spring and 
+Area G of Shiloh’s excavations, there were many more yehud stamp 
+impressions that were excavated by Macalister and Duncan (1926: 
+49–51; cf. Cook 1925). The significance of the distribution of the 
+Persian period finds in this area is that, as in the Byzantine period, 
+the Gihon Spring was not in use since the water flowed in Heze-
+kiah's tunnel to the southern part of the City of David, and the 
+spring itself was far below the limits of the city (Reich and Shukron 
+2004). The finds in Area G and its surroundings, as well as the 
+finds in Shiloh’s Areas E1, E2, E3, D1, B, and all the way south to 
+Area A are indications for a poor, but extant settlement along the 
+narrow ridge of the City of David. 
+According to Shiloh (1984: 4, Table 2; De Groot 2004: 67-69) 
+Stratum 8 is fully represented only in Area E2 (cf. p. 10). This Stra-
+tum is also partially represented in Areas E1 (cf. pp. 14–15) and E3 
+(cf. pp. 10–11),17 and scarcely represented in Areas D1 (cf. pp. 7–8) 
+and D2 (cf. pp. 8–9). In this case, too, the finds that can safely be 
+attributed to this Stratum are meager, and mainly consist of three 
+columbaria (De Groot 2004: 67–68; 2005: 84, with further details) 
+and a structure (in Area E1) that yielded a rich corpus of pottery 
+dating to the 3rd century BCE, the only assemblage of a pre-
+Hasmonean phase in the City of David (Shiloh 1984: 15). The ex-
+cavators did not find yehud stamp impressions of the late types, 
+dated to the 2nd century BCE, in either of these strata (Stratum 9 
+and 8). Most of the late types were discovered in Stratum 7 (Ariel 
+and Shoham 2000, Table 1, and see also Reich 2003a: 258–259 and 
+Tables 7.1–7.2). A cemetery assigned to this Stratum and dated to 
+the first half of the 2nd century BCE was exposed to the east of the 
+City Wall, on the slopes of the central part of the hill (De Groot 
+2004: 68–69). 
+ 
+PERSIAN 
+PERIOD 
+FINDS 
+IN 
+JERUSALEM: 
+POSSIBLE 
+INTERPRETATIONS 
+The meager finds from the Persian and early Hellenistic periods 
+can only be interpreted as evidence of a meager settlement in the 
+City of David between the late Iron Age and the Hasmonean pe-
+riod (early 6th to 2nd centuries BCE). This is an observation shared 
+by all scholars dealing with Persian period finds in Jerusalem (Ke-
+nyon 1963: 15; Carter 1999: 285; Eshel 2000: 341; Lipschits 2003: 
+330–331; 2005: 212; 2006: 32; Lipschits and Vanderhooft 2007; 
+                                                   
+ 
+17 See also the finds of some vessels made of hard stone discovered in 
+this area (Cahill 1992: 191–198, fig. 14). Reich (2003b: 264–265), however, 
+while publishing the same type of vessels discovered in the Jewish Quarter 
+Excavations, clearly demonstrated that its date is the late 2nd or early 1st 
+century BCE.   
+
+18 
+JOURNAL OF HEBREW SCRIPTURES 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+Schniedewind 2003; 2004: 165–178; Grabbe 2004: 25; Geva 2007b: 
+56–57; Finkelstein 2008: 501–504).  
+Finkelstein (2008) interpreted the finds from Persian period 
+Jerusalem as evidence that the city was very small during this pe-
+riod. In light of the observations of Ariel and Shoham (2000: 138) 
+and Reich and Shukron (2007: 64), he claimed that throughout the 
+Persian and early Hellenistic periods activity on the Temple Mount 
+was minimal, the northern as well as the southern parts of the ridge 
+of the City of David were uninhabited, and the settlement was 
+confined to the central part of the ridge, between Shiloh’s Area G 
+in the north and Areas D and E in the south. On this basis, he 
+reconstructed a settlement of ca. 20–25 dunams, with a population 
+of 400–500 people. This is the lowest archaeological estimate of the 
+population of Jerusalem during the Persian and early Hellenistic 
+period, far less than the estimates of Carter (1999: 288) and Lip-
+schits (2005: 271; 2006: 32;), of about 60 dunams and 1,250–1,500 
+people (based on a coefficient of 20–25 people per one built-up 
+dunam), or the view of Geva of a settled area of 60 dunams, but 
+with an even lower coefficient of people per one built-up dunam, 
+and an estimate of about 1,000 people (Geva 2007b: 56–57). 
+The reason for the ultra-minimalistic view set forth by Fin-
+kelstein (2008: 506–507) stems from both the very limited area he 
+reconstructs as the maximal size of the Persian and Early Hellenis-
+tic settlement in Jerusalem (c. 240 meters from North to South and 
+120 meters from East to West, that is, about 20–25 dunam) and his 
+low coefficient of 20 people per one built-up dunam.18 In arriving 
+at his interpretation of the total settled area, Finkelstein seems to 
+have misunderstood Reich and Shukron’s data on the one hand, 
+and on the other hand, did not take into account the full signific-
+ance of Shiloh’s finds, those of Reich and Shukron, as well as those 
+of Macalister and Duncan in their excavations above Shiloh’s Area 
+G. 
+Reich and Shukron (2007: 64) included their Area A, located 
+along the Kidron Road, some 200–250 meters south of the spring, 
+under the southeastern edge of the City of David, in their observa-
+tion of the area where Yehud stamp impressions were discovered 
+along the eastern slopes of the City of David. They assumed that 
+                                                   
+ 
+18 In this estimation Finkelstein is far from being in accord with the 
+actual finds as presented above and as will be summarized below, and this 
+is aside from the miscalculation of the numbers he is giving. In fact, c. 240 
+meters from North to South and 120 meters from East to West should 
+give an area of 28.8 dunams and not 20–25 dunams. This area should be 
+populated with nearly 600 people according to his low coefficient of 20 
+people per one built-up dunam and not 400–500 people as he is stating. 
+Using a coefficient of 25 people per one built-up dunam (and cf. the 
+review of Geva 2007b: 51) will give a number of 720 people living in 
+Jerusalem, and this is before one deals with Finkelstein’s estimation of the 
+settled area in the City of David. 
+
+PERSIAN PERIOD FINDS FROM JERUSALEM: FACTS AND 
+INTERPRETATIONS 
+ 
+ 
+19
+the five stamp impressions discovered in this area originated from 
+houses that were located somewhat higher up on the southern part 
+of the hill, concluding that “in the Persian period, settlement on the 
+Southeastern Hill was confined to the southern part of the hill 
+only” (p. 64). There is a distance of about 300 meters between 
+Reich and Shukron’s Areas A in the south and Shilo’s Area G in 
+the north, with 10 more Yehud stamp impressions and a lot more 
+Persian and Early Hellenistic material discovered in Shiloh’s Areas 
+D and E. The only area where Persian and Early Hellenistic materi-
+al was not discovered was, as emphasized by Reich and Shukron, 
+the area of the Gihon spring (and see the explanation for it above). 
+All in all, The Persian and Early Hellenistic finds were discovered 
+in a much broader area than that reconstructed by Finkelstein, in 
+almost all of the excavated areas along and under the eastern slopes 
+of the City of David. 
+ 
+SYNTHESIS: 
+The archeological data from the different excavations conducted 
+along the City of David ridge indicates that the settlement in the 
+Persian and early Hellenistic periods concentrated on the upper 
+part of the ridge, in a very narrow north to south strip, above the 
+eastern line of the Iron Age fortification. The average width of this 
+topographical line (from east to west) is not more than 80–100 
+meters. However, except for the area of the spring well below the 
+inhabited area, Persian period finds were unearthed in all other 
+excavated areas along the eastern side of the ridge, which means 
+that about 350 meters of north to south settlement along this line 
+can be reconstructed, with a settled area of about 28–30 dunams.  
+The area north of it, on the upper part of the City of David, 
+just below the Ophel, contains a significant number of Persian 
+period finds. The area which includes Shiloh’s Area G, Eilat Ma-
+zar’s and Macalister and Duncan’s excavations is the richest with 
+Persian period finds. The finds in this area were mostly discovered 
+in earth fills that probably originated from the area above it, name-
+ly, the Ophel hill. They were laid there before the late Hellenistic 
+and Roman periods.  
+The importance of the Ophel hill as the main built-up area in 
+the Persian and Early Hellenistic periods was never discussed in the 
+archaeological and historical research. The reason was the scarcity 
+of finds in this area, of about 20 dunams, between the ascension of 
+the hill towards the Temple Mount and the northern part of the 
+City of David. This is the only flat, easy-to-settle area in the city. Its 
+proximity to the Temple Mount on the one hand and the easy op-
+tion to fortify it (between the Kidron valley to the east, the Tyro-
+poeon in the west, the Temple Mount to the north and the City of 
+David to the south), made it the preferred option for settlement in 
+the Persian period. In spite of the scarcity of finds in this area, the 
+relative abundance of Persian finds along its southern slope, its 
+proximity to the temple mount, its geographical characteristics and 
+
+20 
+JOURNAL OF HEBREW SCRIPTURES 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+its importance in the Iron Age and post-Persian periods —all these 
+facts indicate that this area should be considered part of the settled 
+area of Jerusalem during the Persian and Early Hellenistic periods. 
+The absence of Persian period finds in the Ophel hill, and the at-
+tempts of scholars not to include this area as part of the city is an 
+indication of the limitations of archaeological research, and for the 
+need to reconsider, in some cases, the meaning of the absence of 
+evidence. 
+The settled area of Jerusalem during the Persian period in-
+cluded the 28–30 dunams of the City of David plus the 20 dunams 
+of the Ophel, which altogether amounts to about 50 dunams. Even 
+if parts of the Ophel hill were built up with public buildings, and 
+only part of it was settled with private houses, this area should be 
+included in the settled area of Jerusalem during the Persian and 
+Early Hellenistic periods. Calculating the population of Jerusalem 
+according to the lower coefficient of 20 people per one built-up 
+dunam brings the population estimate to about 1000 people; and 
+according to the higher coefficient of 25 people per one built-up 
+dunam to about 1,250 people. This population estimate is very 
+close to the accepted estimations in research in the last years – 
+those of Carter (1999: 288) and Lipschits (2005: 271; 2006: 32;) – 
+of about 60 dunams and 1,250–1,500 people respectively, or that of 
+Geva (2007b: 56–57) of a settled area of 60 dunams and population 
+estimate of about 1,000 people.  
+Jerusalem was no doubt a small city, but the ultra-minimalistic 
+views expressed by Zwickel and Finkelstein should be rejected 
+along with their implications for the study of the Biblical, archaeo-
+logical and historical research of the Persian period.  
+ 
+
+PERSIAN PERIOD FINDS FROM JERUSALEM: FACTS AND 
+INTERPRETATIONS 
+ 
+ 
+21
+ 
+
+22 
+JOURNAL OF HEBREW SCRIPTURES 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+
+PERSIAN PERIOD FINDS FROM JERUSALEM: FACTS AND 
+INTERPRETATIONS 
+ 
+ 
+23
+ 
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diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/acbc99db8e6ec4f5.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/acbc99db8e6ec4f5.txt
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+Tradiciones discursivas y cambio lingüístico
+
+No contiene resumen
+
+LexisXXIX.2 (2005): 151-177. 
+Tradiciones discursivas y cambio lingüístico1 
+Johannes Kabatek 
+Universidad de Tühingen 
+Para José Luis Rivarola 
+l. Desde hace algunos años, el concepto de tradiciones discursivas vie-
+ne siendo empleado con frecuencia cada vez mayor en la lingüística 
+románica y, recientemente, se aplica también en el ámbito de los 
+estudios históricos del español de América y del portugués brasileño, 
+dedicándose a ello, en este último caso, entre otros, un Grupo de 
+Trabajo dentro del Proyecto Para a História do Portugues Brasileiro 
+(PHPB). Como suele ser habitual, la recepción de un nuevo paradig-
+ma científico provoca cierto entusiasmo, pero también cierta confu-
+sión. Lo primero está llevando a la creación de numerosos trabajos, 
+de orientación bastante diversa, b<!;jo la misma etiqueta de tradiciones 
+discursivas (TD); lo segundo ha dado a luz una serie de planteamien-
+tos que procuran establecer relaciones entre el nuevo paradigma y 
+otros, más tradicionales, como el estudio del cambio lingüístico, la 
+pragmática o el estudio de los géneros textuales. La pregunta implíci-
+ta que deriva de estos estudios es: ¿qué es realmente ese nuevo para-
+digma llamado tradiciones discursivas? ¿Se trata un nuevo término para 
+algo ya conocido o de un planteamiento realmente nuevo? ¿Es sinó-
+nimo este concepto de género textual? ¿Se trata de formas textuales? 
+¿Pueden las TD también ser variedades de lenguas o estilos? 
+1 Para una primera versión de este artículo (en versión portuguesa) véase J.K., "Tra-
+di¡;:oes discursivas e mudan¡;:a lingüística", en: Tania Lobo ( ed.): Para a Historia do Portugues 
+Brasileiro VI, Salvador: EDUFBA, en prensa. Agradezco a Rosa María Estrada la preparación 
+de la traducción y a Mónica Castillo sus valiosos comentarios. 
+
+152 
+Lexis XXIX.2 
+A continuación, intentaré dar algunas respuestas a este respecto, 
+ofreciendo, en primer lugar, una precisión terminológica de lo que 
+puede entenderse por TD y una explicación de algunos de los con-
+ceptos fundamentales ligados a ellas, relacionando, en segundo lu-
+gar, las TD con la cuestión general del cambio lingüístico, partiendo 
+de la hipótesis de que el estudio de las TD no sólo es relevante para el 
+estudio histórico de las lenguas sino que incluso puede ser considera-
+do fundamental. 
+2. El concepto de TD nace en el seno de la lingüística alemana, 
+especialmente dentro de la lingüística románica. Fuertemente influi-
+dos por la tradición de la escuela de Eugenio Coseriu, la mayoría de 
+los romanistas alemanes acepta como fundamental la distinción cose-
+nana de tres niveles del hablar, tres aspectos de la actividad lingüística 
+cuya diferencia es considerada como requisito previo imprescindible 
+para cualquier cuestión del estudio del lenguaje. Se trata de la distin-
+ción entre el nivel universal del hablar en general, es decir, el nivel que 
+es común a todos los seres humanos y anterior a la diferenciación 
+babélica de las lenguas y en el que se encuentran las características 
+humanas universales del hablar, de la comunicación por medio de 
+signos lingüísticos que designan el mundo de la experiencia. El se-
+gundo nivel es el histórico, el de las lenguas como sistemas de signifi-
+cación históricamente dados, actualizados, en el tercer nivel, en textos 
+o en discursos concretos. Corresponde al primer nivel la designación 
+como actividad lingüística universal, atribución de signos a un mun-
+do de objetos, realizada desde el segundo nivel con signos de una 
+lengua particular que, en realidad, crean una visión particular de este 
+mundo, a partir de significados de una lengua y concretamente en una 
+actualización en actos individuales con finalidad y sentido particula-
+res. Los tres niveles están presentes de manera simultánea cuando se 
+habla y únicamente se pueden derivar a partir de actos concretos, ya 
+que no se puede hablar "universalmente" sin hablar una lengua y sin 
+producir textos, y no se puede hablar una lengua como sistema de 
+signos sino mediante textos. Existe, sin embargo, la posibilidad e in-
+cluso la necesidad de separar estos niveles cuando se investiga un pro-
+blema lingüístico concreto. 
+El concepto de TD parte de esta clasificación, ampliándola y preci-
+sando algunos aspectos. Fue sobre todo a lo largo de la década de 
+1980 cuando se empezó a hacer hincapié, desde diferentes perspecti-
+
+Kabatek • Tradiciones discursivas y cambio lingüístico 
+153 
+vas, en la importancia que tiene para la lingüística la distinción entre 
+lenguaje oral y lenguaje escrito. El origen de esos estudios se halla en 
+la lingüística de texto y en la pragmática, tal como fueron concebidas 
+desde las décadas de 1960 y 1970. Ya en 1955, Eugenio Coseriu había 
+postulado una lingüística propia del nivel del texto/discurso.2 A lo 
+largo de la década de 1960, sobre todo en la germanística (y en gran 
+parte de los estudios, independientemente de los postulados de Cose-
+riu), se comenzó a estudiar el texto con sus particularidades, prestan-
+do especial atención a los tipos textuales ("Textsorten"), definidos 
+por Peter Hartmann, en 1964, como "conjuntos de textos que com-
+parten determinadas características."3 Una auténtica lingüística del 
+texto que estudia las diferentes características de tipos textuales nace 
+como disciplina propia a inicio de la década de 1970,4 y se publican 
+diferentes trabajos que identifican las particularidades de los tipos 
+textuales desde diversas perspectivas. En los años siguientes, se identi-
+fican diferentes campos en el estudio de la textualidad:5 
+- en primer lugar, se considera la textualidad a partir de los ele-
+mentos lingüísticos que aparecen en cada texto, sobre todo elemen-
+tos sintácticos y léxicos (p.ej., en una previsión del tiempo aparecerán 
+formas verbales y tipos de frases diferentes de las que aparecerán en 
+una crónica o en un tratado filosófico); 
+-en segundo lugar, se describe la textualidad desde el contenido, 
+diferenciando entre la microestrutura y la macroestructura así como 
+modelos generales (textos descriptivos, técnicos, etc.); 
+-en tercer lugar, se considera el texto a partir de su inserción situa-
+cional, y hasta se llega a afirmar que un tipo de situación bien deter-
+minado define un tipo preciso de texto; 
+-en cuarto lugar, se considera el texto desde su función o finalidad 
+comunicativa, derivada de la ilocución dominante. 
+Cada una de esas tendencias tiene sus ventajas y sus desvent:L!ias, de 
+modo que hubo autores que propusieron modelos de varios niveles, 
+combinando los diferentes puntos de vista y a veces procurando po-
+ner en evidencia su mutua interrelación. 
+2 Cf. Coseriu (1955-56). 
+3 En alemán: "Mengen von Texten mit bestimmtengemeinsamen Eigenschaften", (Hartmann 1964: 23). 
+4 Cf. p. ej. el importante libro publicado por Gülich!Raible (1972). 
+5 Para lo siguiente, véase Heinemann (2000). 
+
+154 
+Lexis XXIX.2 
+Si por un lado la lingüística de texto comenzó a establecerse como 
+disciplina propia, por el otro comenzó a haber tentativas de combi-
+nar los resultados de esa nueva rama de la lingüística con otras cues-
+tiones, particularmente la lingüística variacional y la pragmática. En 
+el año 1983, Brigitte Schlieben-Lange, después de sus estudios con 
+Eugenio Coseriu en Tübingen y combinando diferentes aspectos de 
+la sociolingüística y de la pragmática con la teoría de Coseriu, presen-
+tó la propuesta de una pragmática histórica en un libro que relacionaba 
+la discusión sobre oralidad y "escrituralidad"6 con una visión históri-
+ca y sentó las bases para lo que posteriormente se llamaría el estudio 
+de las TD.7 En ese libro se encuentran algunas de las ideas que más 
+tarde serían fundamentales para el concepto de las TD, entre otras la 
+observación de que existe una historia de los textos independiente-
+mente de la historia de las lenguas y que el estudio histórico de las 
+lenguas la debe tener en cuenta. En los años siguientes, a esas tradi-
+ciones más allá de las lenguas se les dio el nombre de tradiciones discur-
+sivas,8 y desde entonces, el concepto fue aplicado a numerosas cues-
+tiones de diversas lenguas y se encuentra, actualmente, en el centro 
+de interés de una serie de proyectos de investigación en el mundo 
+entero. En los trabajos de Peter Koch y Wulf Oesterreicher, en parti-
+cular en los trabajos fundamentales de Koch ( 1997) y Oesterreicher 
+( 1997), se define el concepto de las TD partiendo de la reduplicación 
+del nivel histórico coseriano: se postula la existencia de dos factores a 
+nivel histórico, la lengua como sistema gramatical y léxico de una len-
+gua, y las tradiciones discursivas. Dicho de otra manera, se puede de-
+cir que la actividad de hablar, con una finalidad comunicativa concre-
+ta, atravesaría por dos filtros concomitantes hasta llegar al producto 
+del acto comunicativo o enunciado: un primer filtro correspondiente 
+a la lengua y un segundo correspondiente a las tradiciones discursi-
+vas, según el siguiente esquema:9 
+6 Este neologismo terminológico es la traducción del alemán "Schriftlichkeit", término marca-
+do para distinguir la escritura (medio de expresión) de la escrituralidad (concepción), es decir, del 
+"lenguaje de distancia", cf. Koch/Oesterreicher (1985). 
+7 Cf. Schlieben-Lange (1983). Algunas de las ideas fundamentales de este libro se pueden 
+encontrar en versión portuguesa en Schlieben-Lange (1993). 
+8 Cf. Koch ( 1997); Oesterreicher ( 1997). 
+9 Cf. Oesterreicher (1997: 21); Koch (1997). 
+
+Kabatek • Tradiciones discursivas y cambio lingüístico 
+155 
+FINALIDAD COMUNICATIVA 
+ENUNCIADO 
+Esq. 1.: Tradiciones discursivas 
+Se necesita, entonces, una ampliación del concepto de historici-
+dad, considerando que las TD compartirían la misma historicidad que 
+las lenguas. En otro lugar expliqué por qué me parece necesario dis-
+tinguir la historicidad particular de lengua, que coincide con la histo-
+ricidad del ser del hombre, de la historicidad de las TD, que es de 
+otra índole. 10 Pero aunque así fuera e independientemente del lugar 
+exacto que ocupen los dos filtros respecto a los tres niveles coserla-
+nos, debemos reconocer su existencia y s{.¡ importancia a la hora de 
+comunicarnos. De este modo, cuando me encuentro con alguien en 
+la calle frente a mi casa por la mañana y mi intención o finalidad 
+comunicativa es la de expresar un saludo, esa finalidad no se resuelve 
+sólo con el acervo léxico y gramatical del español, produciendo enun-
+ciados correctos como "emito un saludo para Usted" o algo semejan-
+te, sino que digo "buenos días" según una tradición establecida más 
+allá de las reglas de la lengua- a veces hasta contraria a las reglas 
+actuales de la misma (según las cuales probablemente una coloca-
+ción adjetiva como "día bueno" como expresión elíptica de "le deseo 
+un buen día" sería menos marcada). Más allá de los actos de habla 
+fundamentales como el saludo, el agradecimiento o la promesa, las 
+tradiciones discursivas pueden estar también ligadas a finalidades más 
+complejas exclusivas de determinadas culturas, como p. ej.lás TD es-
+critas, limitadas a las culturas con escritura, o las TD ligadas a deter-
+10 Véase Kabatek (2005b ). Las diferentes historicidades se pueden ilustrar también con la im-
+portancia de la palabra en el cristianismo: por un lado, el hombre se define mediante la palabra, 
+inicio de su ser y relación con la divindad (Juan 1, !.); por el otro, existe la TD de las sagradas 
+escrituras. 
+
+156 
+Lexis XXIX.2 
+minadas instituciones, como p. ej. los géneros jurídicos. Una primera 
+discusión podría entender entonces las TD como formas tradiciona-
+les de decir las cosas, formas que pueden ir desde una fórmula simple 
+hasta un género o una forma literaria compleja. Ahora, precisamente 
+por esa relación entre las TD y los géneros, se entienden, en algunos 
+trabajos, como sinónima las nociones de TD y de género. Pero si fue-
+se así, el propio término TD no sería más que un sustituto para algo 
+ya estudiado exhaustivamente por la lingüística de texto. 
+3. Me parece importante ampliar en dos sentidos el concepto de TD 
+para que realmente sea útil y en cierta forma nuevo. La primera am-
+pliación se refiere a que no queremos restringir el uso del término a 
+tradiciones complejas (los géneros) sino aplicarlo a todos los tipos de 
+tradiciones de textos. Una fórmula como "buenos días" no correspon-
+de a ningún género concreto, excepto extendiendo -lo que evidente-
+mente es posible y también ha sido propuesto más de una vez- el con-
+cepto de género también a las fórmulas tradicionales de la lengua oral. 
+Además, proponemos una segunda ampliación, aún más importante, 
+que podemos ilustrar con un ejemplo: como en todos los parlamentos, 
+en la Asamblea Nacional de Francia los diferentes políticos se identifi-
+can mediante sus discursos con distintas ideas políticas, y también mues-
+tran, a través del contenido de lo expresado, su diversa procedencia. 
+Hay, evidentemente, una identificación con contenidos políticos ex-
+presada en las proposiciones hechas respectivamente; pero se observa 
+también otra relación de tradición cuando aquellos políticos que fre-
+cuentaron la Escuela Nacional de Administración (ENA), prestigiosa 
+fábrica de élites, evocan su pasado usando determinadas expresiones o 
+incluso formas gramaticales propias, como el imperfecto de subjunti-
+vo, forma arcaica prácticamente muerta en el francés oral actual. Lo 
+que hacen esos políticos (y pueden ser de partidos diversos) es evocar 
+un discurso que sirve de identificador con un grupo (en este caso con 
+elementos de una variedad diafásica concreta). Es una tradición de 
+hablar dentro de un mismo género, el discurso parlamentario. Lo mis-
+mo ocurre también con otros géneros, y muchas veces precisamente la 
+diferenciación interna de los géneros se hace empleando elementos de 
+diferentes variedades lingüísticas. La existencia de diferentes tradicio-
+nes dentro de un género no niega el hecho de que el género sea tam-
+bién tradicional: los géneros son tradiciones de hablar, tradiciones dis-
+cursivas, pero no todas las tradiciones de hablar son géneros. 
+
+Kabatek • Tradiciones discursivas y cambio lingüísúco 
+157 
+El rasgo que define las TD es, entonces, la relación de un texto en 
+un momento determinado de la historia con otro texto anterior: una 
+relación temporal a través de la repetición de algo. Ese "algo" puede ser 
+la repetición total del texto entero, como en el caso de la fórmula 
+"buenos días", pero también puede ser apenas la repetición parcial o 
+incluso la ausencia total de repetición concreta y únicamente la repe-
+tición de una forma textual, como, por ejemplo, en el caso de dos 
+sonetos, ligados por una tradición formal aun cuando no contengan 
+ningún elemento concreto en común. 
+Tenemos ahora una serie de elementos que nos aproximan a una 
+definición, pero todavía no son suficientes. Si por un lado una TD impli-
+ca siempre la repetición de algo en el tiempo, lo contrario no es cierto: 
+evidentemente, no todas las repeticiones de algo son tradiciones discur-
+sivas. Debemos, pues, precisar todavía una serie de condiciones. La pri-
+mera es que una TD debe ser discursiva, es decir, que están excluidas 
+todas las repeticiones no lingüísticas. Dos árboles del mismo tipo están 
+genéticamente relacionados y pueden evocar una tradición, pero no se 
+trata de una TD. Los anocheceres pueden considerarse "tradiciones" de 
+la naturaleza (o de una percepción de la naturaleza) ya que se repiten, 
+pero no son tradiciones discursivas. Y también los objetos no lingüísticos 
+de la cultura como las pinturas cubistas, el tango o los monasterios romá-
+nicos no son TD a pesar de su indiscutible tradicionalidad. 
+La segunda condición es que incluso en los casos de repetición de 
+elementos lingüísticos, no toda repetición forma necesariamente una 
+TD. En la frase anterior, palabras como "la", "segunda", "es", "que" 
+etc. son palabras repetidas millones de veces en la lengua española en 
+millones de circunstancias, pero ninguna de ellas es capaz de formar 
+una TD por sí sola. 11 Puede haber tradiciones que consistan en una 
+sola palabra como p. ej. una fórmula unimembre de saludo como 
+"hola", pero en el caso de tradiciones más complejas, p. ej. la tradi-
+ción del ensayo científico, sólo una combinación particular de una 
+serie de elementos produce la inserción de un texto en una TD. Ha-
+brá, pues, que introducir en la definición esa "posibilidad inherente" 
+de repetición, base para que la repetición pueda considerarse rele-
+vante para establecer una TD: no toda repetición de un elemento 
+lingüístico forma una TD, pero la formación de una TD exige la re-
+11 Cf. también Heinemann (2000: 11 ). 
+
+158 
+Lexis XXIX.2 
+petición de algo. La tercera condición es la más compleja y se refiere al 
+contenido de un texto. Se podría decir que la repetición de la comuni-
+cación de un contenido es ya una TD, ya que es algo lingüístico y al 
+mismo tiempo algo que se repite, o la repetición de una situación y las 
+palabras pronunciadas en ambas situaciones, o la repetición de dos ins-
+tituciones o de dos canales particulares de comunicación. Todas estas 
+repeticiones no son todavía TD, pero son repeticiones que pueden es-
+tar íntimamente relacionadas con las TD, ligadas mediante lo que lla-
+mamos la evocación. Considerar a las TD sólo desde su lado textual úni-
+camente tiene en cuenta un ~pecto de ellas, precisamente el aspecto 
+que nos interesa. Pero ese aspecto no es explicable sin la contrapartida 
+que lo evoca. El saludo, por ejemplo, es evocado por una situación con-
+creta que se repite: el mencionado encuentro evoca otros encuentros 
+en los cuales se pronunció la misma secuencia de palabras. Lo mismo 
+vale para las tradiciones ligadas a las instituciones: el marco concreto 
+de la institución evoca (o lo que es lo mismo, exige) una tradición de-
+terminada. O puede haber tradiciones evocadas por el canal o medio 
+de comunicación, como el teléfono, el SMS, el telegrama. Así, también 
+las repeticiones anteriormente mencionadas, tanto de fenómenos na-
+turales como de tradiciones culturales, pueden evocar TD: los anoche-
+ceres evocan la poesía de los anocheceres, que puede corresponder a 
+una tradición discursiva, la pintura cubista evoca los discursos sobre la 
+pintura y el tango o bien la tradición literaria de sus letras o bien la 
+tradición de los comentarios metamusicales referidos a él. La relación 
+de tradición de una TD tiene entonces dos fases, la TD propiamente 
+dicha y la constelación discursiva que la evoca, de acuerdo con el si-
+guiente esquema, en el cual el eje horizontal representa la evocación y 
+el eje vertical la repetición, es decir, el tiempo entre los dos textos: 
+texto1 • 
+.. 
+situación1 
+1 
+1 
+texto2 • 
+• situación2 
+Esq. 2.: Evocación 12 
+12 Con este esquema no queremos de ningún modo defender una definición monocausal y puramen-
+te situacional de las TD; pero creemos que una relación -no necesaria, pero posible- es evidente. 
+
+Kabatek • Tradiciones discursivas y cambio lingüístico 
+159 
+Este esquema evidencia además una observación: la confluencia 
+de dos factores definidores de las TD permite completar el cuadro 
+también en casos de ausencia de uno de los cuatro elementos. Por 
+ejemplo, si el encuentro en la calle evoca el saludo, esta evocación 
+funciona independientemente de si el saludo es pronunciado o no. 13 
+Pero el "no saludar" tendrá entonces una función particular, y la per-
+sona no saludada se preguntará tal vez si sucedió algo entre los dos 
+que provocó tal silencio. El silencio adquiere significado precisamen-
+te en relación con una tradición discursiva evocada, pero no enuncia-
+da. Lo mismo también es posible de manera contraria: pronunciar 
+un saludo fuera de la situación correspondiente evoca tal situación, y 
+se buscará el sentido de ese enunciado en relación a la situación evo-
+cada. 
+La TD tiene valor de signo y es reconocible por medio de signos 
+metatextuales como "saludo", "carta", "soneto", etc. 
+Estamos ahora en condiciones de ofrecer una definición del con-
+cepto de TD para después precisar algunas de sus consecuencias: 
+Entendemos por Tradición discursiva (TD) la repetición de un 
+texto o de una forma textual o de una manera particular de escribir o 
+de hablar que adquiere valor de signo propio (por lo tanto es signifi-
+cable). Se puede formar en relación con cualquier finalidad de ex-
+presión o con cualquier elemento de contenido cuya repetición esta-
+blece un lazo entre actualización y tradición, es decir, cualquier rela-
+ción que se puede establecer semióticamente entre dos elementos de 
+tradición (actos de enunciación o elementos referenciales) que evo-
+can una determinada forma textual o determinados elementos lin-
+güísticos empleados. 
+Esta definición deja todavía abierta una serie de preguntas e impli-
+ca una serie de consecuencias que vamos a discutir a continuación. 
+La primera cuestión es la relación entre tradición discursiva y refe-
+rencia. En el simple ejemplo del saludo, esta relación es clara: existe 
+una constelación referencial o situacional asociada a un texto (el sa-
+ludo). Pero también existen textos no situacionales, textos indepen-
+dientes de una inserción pragmática concreta, p. ej. textos escritos, 
+que crean su propia constelación discursiva. En la evolución de las 
+13 Como ya señaló Sandig ( 1970: 178) "Die inhaltlich, zweckhaft und sozial bestimmte 
+Sprachhandlungssorte bedingt die Selektion und Kombination von Sprachmitteln zu Texten." 
+
+160 
+Lexis XXIX.2 
+culturas podemos observar frecuentemente cómo las lenguas van 
+creando textos autónomos, textos que crean sus propios entornos 
+extralingüísticas con medios textuales, internalizando así la evocación 
+anteriormente descrita, haciéndola inseparable de un segundo ele-
+mento: en el interior del texto, superficie textual y creación de la 
+realidad extralingüística están fundidas. 
+La segunda cuestión se refiere a la relación entre tradiciones discur-
+sivas y variedades lingüísticas (variedades diatópicas, diastráticas y dia-
+fásicas). Podríamos decir simplemente que no hay una relación directa 
+y que se trata de dos maneras diferentes de considerar el lenguaje. Pero 
+pensando en el ejemplo de los parlamentarios franceses, también po-
+dríamos suponer que una variedad lingüística puede funcionar como 
+tradición discursiva: la variedad diafásica que incluye el imperfecto del 
+subjuntivo francés sería al mismo tiempo la tradición de hablar de los 
+llamados "enarcas" que estudiaron juntos en la misma escuela. Lo que 
+es evidente es que en los discursos de los parlamentarios hay unidad de 
+género y no existe, dentro de esa homogeneidad, otra posibilidad de 
+marcar diferencias que empleando elementos de diferentes variedades 
+lingüísticas. Esto no quiere decir, sin embargo, que una TD sea lo mis-
+mo que una variedad: existen buenas razones para establecer la separa-
+ción de ambos fenómenos. 14 Pero el saber acerca de las variedades es 
+transmitido a menudo mediante las TD, y el empleo situacional de ele-
+mentos de variedades puede ser condicionado precisamente por las 
+TD. 15 Y el conjunto del saber que nos indica la selección de los elemen-
+tos gramaticales y variacionales y las TD adecuadas es lo que puede 
+llamarse nuestra competencia comunicativa. 16 
+Las consecuencias de la definición son múltiples, y sólo podré men-
+cionar algunas de ellas. La primera es que una tradición discursiva, 
+teniendo ella misma el valor de signo, comunica más que un texto sin 
+tradición puesto que, más allá de su valor proposicional, también trans-
+mite una referencia a una tradición concreta. "Buenos días" no es 
+solamente un saludo, es también una referencia a la tradición de ese 
+14 Cf. Koch (1997: 46-49). 
+15 En otras palabras: "Entscheidend ist in diesem Zusammenhang die schon angesprochene 
+Tatsache, daB Diskurstraditionen keineswegs in den Regeln einer Einzelsprache enthalten sind, daB 
+sie aber teilweise den Einsatz bestimmter Sprachvarietiiten und Verbalisierungsmuster selegieren." 
+(Oesterreicher 1997: 20). 
+16 Cf. Oesterreicher (1997: 24), en referencia a Habermas. 
+
+Kabatek • Tradiciones discursivas y cambio lingüístico 
+161 
+saludo concreto. Por eso, una TD es más que un simple enunciado; es 
+un acto lingüístico que relaciona un texto con una realidad, una si-
+tuación, etc., pero también relaciona ese texto con otros textos de la 
+misma tradición. Este valor adicional de una TD es el que, paradójica-
+mente, permite su reducción. Al tener una TD valor de signo propio, 
+puede consistir en menos de una proposición concreta y reducirse a 
+una simple alusión a la tradición en cuestión. "Buenos días" funciona 
+como saludo a pesar de ser una expresión elíptica. Las tradiciones de 
+textos tienden muy frecuentemente a la elipsis y a una creciente opa-
+cidad, de manera comparable a los elementos lingüísticos que se en-
+cuentran en un canal de gramaticalización. 
+La segunda consecuencia de nuestra definición deriva del carácter 
+composicional de las TD. Una TD no es siempre un texto repetido cons-
+tantemente de la misma manera, puede ser también una forma textual o 
+una combinación particular de elementos. Un texto puede, p. ej., per-
+tencer al mismo tiempo a la TD "soneto" y "poema de amor" y contener 
+incluso hasta más elementos tradicionales separables, p. ej. en el empleo 
+particular del material lingüístico. Vamos a llamar a esta composicionali-
+dad "composicionalidad paradigmática", por la confluencia de referen-
+cias a diferentes TD en un mismo fragmento del texto. Y existe también 
+una composicionalidad "sintagmática", en la sucesión de elementos (o 
+de subtextos) a lo largo de un texto: muchos textos no son homogéneos, 
+contienen una serie de textos diferenciados y diferenciables. Un caso 
+extremo es una novela como el Ulises, que juega con una sucesión de 
+diferentes TD en el transcurso de un texto extenso. 
+De la composicionalidad paradigmática derivan diferentes posibi-
+lidades de transformación17 de una TD. Las TD se transforman a lo 
+largo del tiempo, y pueden cambiar totalmente hasta convertirse en 
+otra realidad totalmente diferente de la inicial. La variabilidad de una 
+TD puede ser sancionada socialmente. Existen TD fuertemente f~a­
+das, sobre todo en ámbitos religiosos o rituales o en instituciones so-
+ciales con gran valor de conservación, lugares del archivo de la me-
+moria cultural. En otros casos, la variabilidad forma parte de la expre-
+sividad del habla, sobre todo en ámbitos orales, p. ej. en la creatividad 
+de innovación en los chats del Internet o en otras tradiciones expues-
+tas a las tendencias de la moda. 
+17 Ese término ya se encuentra, con sentido semejante, en Oesterreicher ( 1997: 31 ). 
+
+162 
+Lexis XXIX.2 
+Dada la composicionalidad de las TD, la transformación de una TD 
+puede alcanzar a uno sólo de varios aspectos concomitantes. Para dar 
+un ejemplo, podemos observar varios casos de la épica medieval en los 
+que un poema épico, ligado a una forma textual particular, es transfor-
+mado, apareciendo insertado en textos historiográficos como parte de 
+la narración. Tal es el caso, p. ej., del Poema de mio Cid, que aparece con 
+posterioridad a la versión épica en toda una serie de crónicas medieva-
+les a partir del siglo XIII. La prosa historiográfica sigue otro patrón 
+textual que el de la épica; estamos, pues, frente a una transformación 
+de una forma textual en otra, manteniéndose el mismo contenido. Lo 
+interesante es que en los casos de transformación, estando implícita-
+mente presente el modelo textual original, a menudo puede observar-
+se la presencia de elementos particulares de la forma textual inicial. 18 
+Ampliando el concepto de Interferencia lingüística, podemos hablar 
+aquí de "interferencia textual", interferencia entre dos TD. Por defini-
+ción, siempre que haya transformación de una TD, habrá interferen-
+cia. En trabajos anteriores sobre la interferencia lingüística, 19 he obser-
+vado que siempre es necesario distinguir entre dos tipos de interferen-
+cia, la interferencia positiva y la interferencia negativa. La interferencia 
+positiva es lo que generalmente se entiende por interferencia (IF) sin 
+más, en el caso de la IF lingüística, la presencia de elementos de una 
+lengua A en un texto de la lengua B. La IF negativa, por el contrario, 
+muchas veces no es considerada en los estudios de IF y consiste en la 
+ausencia de determinados elementos en un texto de la lengua B debido 
+a la presencia de la lengua A. Es una IF que no produce resultados que 
+son "errores" abiertamente visibles, sino simplemente alteraciones en 
+la frecuencia del empleo de ciertas formas. Hay dos tipos de IF negati-
+va, la IF de convergencia y la IF de divergencia. La primera consiste -y sigo 
+con el caso de la IF entre lenguas- en la preferencia por formas comu-
+nes a las dos lenguas, evitando formas diferentes. La segunda es lo con-
+18 En el caso mencionado de las versiones del Poema de mio Cid en las crónicas, se observa, p. ej., 
+la presencia de rimas asonantes, no usuales normalmente en crónicas, como en la Crónica de Castilla: 
+"Estonce fabló don Álvar Fáñez, su primo cormano: - Conbusco iremos todos, Cid, por yermos y por 
+poblados, y nunca vos falleceremos en cuanto seamos bivos y sanos; conbusco despenderemos las 
+mulas y los cava/los, y los averes y los paños; sienpre vos serviremos commo leales amigos y vasa-
+llos.- Estonce otorgaron todos lo que dixo Álvar Fáñez y mucho les agradesció mio Cid cuanto allí 
+fue razonado." 
+19 Véase Kabatek (2000a). El concepto está tomado de Coseriu (1977). 
+
+Kabatek • Tradiciones discursivas y cambio lingüístico 
+163 
+trario: la preferencia por formas diferentes, evitando formas comunes. 
+Esos dos tipos de IF negativa pueden estar presentes simultáneamente 
+en la producción de un texto y son particularmente frecuentes en el 
+contacto de lenguas semejantes (como p. ej. el portugués y el español). 
+Ahora bien, el concepto de IF negativa también es aplicable en el caso 
+de la IF entre TD. Siguiendq con el ejemplo de la épica, el autor de una 
+crónica, consciente de la diferencia de las caracteósticas textuales en-
+tre épica y crónica, puede verse tentado a evitar cua:Iquier alusión al 
+género original, huyendo cualquier repetición de secuencias de voca-
+les interpretable como rima. De manera parecida, el traductor de un 
+texto de una lengua a otra semejante puede intentar buscar expresio-
+nes diferenciadas del original incluso cuando las expresiones del origi-
+nal son totalmente "normales" también en la lengua de llegada. En el 
+estudio de las transformaciones de las TD, el aspecto de la IF textual, 
+tanto positiva como negativa, es uno de los más importantes, siendo la 
+transformación muchas veces nada más que la combinación nueva de 
+elementos procedentes de diferentes tradiciones. 
+4. El estudio de las tradiciones discursivas tiene numerosas aplica-
+ciones. Una de ellas es la relación con la gramática histórica, para 
+acercarnos a una gramática histórica más diferenciada que deje vis-
+lumbrar con más rigor las evoluciones de la lengua y los procesos del 
+cambio lingüístico. Muchas veces se piensa que la evolución de una 
+lengua es un proceso rectilíneo y que el objetivo del historiador de la 
+lengua es la reconstrucción de esa especie de "diacronía ideal", la 
+evolución de la lengua como si fuera una simple línea. Pero en reali-
+dad, cuando se estudia la historia de una lengua, lo que se estudia no 
+es la evolución de la lengua (recordemos la tripartición de niveles) 
+sino textos de diferentes épocas, textos que se consideran representati-
+vos de los respectivos estados de lengua ( états de langue en la termino-
+logía de Saussure), de acuerdo con el siguiente esquema: 
+t 
+Esq. 3: Tradición textual e historia de la lengua 
+
+164 
+Lexis XXIX.2 
+En diversos momentos de la historia se escogen diferentes textos 
+para la construcción de una sucesión histórica de gramáticas. Esta 
+visión es problemática si pensamos que las diferentes tradiciones dis-
+cursivas también condicionan el uso de los medios lingüísticos em-
+pleados y que puede haber variación de esos medios según la TD. 
+Una posibilidad para evitar desviaciones provocadas por los diferen-
+tes textos es la de basar el estudio histórico únicamente en una tradi-
+ción discursiva. Pero entonces no estudiamos la historia de la lengua, 
+sino la historia de esa tradición discursiva. Otra solución es la de mez-
+clar textos de diferentes tradiciones para trabajar con un corpus "equi-
+librado" de textos, lo cual, como se sabe, es una de las exigencias más 
+importantes para el diseño de córpora "representativos". Pero ¿qué 
+quiere decir realmente "equilibrado"? ¿Cuál es la mezcla más acerta-
+da para una buena historia de la lengua? Algunos lingüistas creen 
+que se trata de un problema de cantidad. Si trabajamos con córpora 
+extensos, el problema de la variación parece ser menor.20 Parece ser-
+lo, pero supongo que simplemente será menos visible: también los 
+macrocórpora cada vez más disponibles para los estudios históricos 
+de las lenguas están compuestos de textos, y no hay un equilibrio ob-
+jetivo de textos en una lengua. Hay textos, textos de diferentes tradi-
+ciones discursivas, textos de una misma lengua, pero no objetivamen-
+te cuantificables. Una lengua no es como una receta de cocina con 
+ingredientes textuales, que pueden medirse en gramos y litros. La 
+única solución al problema de la coexistencia de tradiciones discursi-
+vas diferentes que influyen sobre la diacronía de la lengua es enton-
+ces una historia de la lengua que estudie las diferentes tradiciones sin 
+limitarse a una solamente, manteniendo la diferenciación, es decir, 
+una historia de la lengua menos monolítica que permitirá saber en 
+qué TD se crea una innovación, cómo se difunde a través de las TD, y 
+también dónde hay TD resistentes a las innovaciones, TD que preser-
+van elementos que en otras TD ya no se usan. 
+Una vez que se acepta esa propuesta, habrá que solucionar el pro-
+blema metodológico de cómo se puede estudiar la historia de una 
+lengua diferenciando las TD. Una posibilidad es el estudio filológico 
+detallado de los textos: podemos explicar cada fenómeno gramatical 
+en cada texto con referencia a la TD de ese texto. Pero el problema 
+20 Véanse algunas de las discusiones en Pusch!Kabatek!Raible (2005). 
+
+Kabatek • Tradiciones discursivas y cambio lingüístico 
+165 
+del estudio detallado, ilimitado en principio en su descripción de ele-
+mentos, es que complica la comparación y la perspectiva de conjunto. 
+Entre los dos extremos -descripción de una evolución general de la 
+lengua sin diferenciación de detalles textuales y descripción de deta-
+lles textuales perdiendo de vista la evolución de la lengua- tiene que 
+haber un camino intermedio. Una propuesta importante en ese sen-
+tido es la metodología llamada "Análisis multidimensional" (Multidi-
+mensional analysis) aplicada por Douglas Biber en el estudio de córpora 
+históricos del inglés y de otras lenguas. Biber parte de la hipótesis de 
+que lo que permite la identificación de una TD21 es una particular 
+combinación de elementos en un texto. En un corpus histórico de la 
+lengua inglesa, Biber analiza 67 elementos de 16 clases tan diversas 
+como marcadores de tiempo y aspecto, adverbios de tiempo y lugar, 
+pronombres, preguntas, formas nominalizadas, subordinación, pre-
+posiciones, clases léxicas, clases verbales, etc. El primer resultado de 
+los datos encontrados se somete a un análisis factorial para determi-
+nar cuáles de los elementos pueden correlacionarse. Después, se mide 
+la evolución de los diferentes factores a lo largo de la historia y en 
+relación a las diferentes TD. 
+U na segunda vía, semejante a la de Biber, es la que estamos si-
+guiendo en un proyecto en la Universidad de Tübingen. La diferen-
+cia fundamental con respecto al método de Biber es que no partimos 
+de un análisis "ciego" de elementos sino de un esquema cognitivo y 
+sintáctico que reduce la cantidad de elementos por medir, los cuales 
+están ordenados de una forma que permite la máxima diferenciación 
+en la interpretación con un esfuerzo bastante reducido. Partimos de 
+una teoría propuesta hace algunos años por el lingüista alemán Wol-
+fgang Raible22 y cuyo propósito consiste en el análisis de los elemen-
+tos que relacionan los componentes proposicionales en un texto. Rai-
+ble llama "]unktion",junción (término adoptado de Luden Tesniere) 
+una dimensión universal del lenguaje según la cual pueden sistemati-
+zarse los diferentes elementos y las diferentes técnicas lingüísticas para 
+21 Biber no habla de TD, sino de registros o de tipos de textos, refiriéndose en parte a una clasifi-
+cación externa de los textos. No podernos discutir aquí el problema de la categorización externa en 
+relación a la objetividad de las características de los textos, pero querernos señalar que las tradiciones 
+de textos identificadas por Biber corresponden en gran medida a lo que llamarnos TD. 
+22 Para más detalles remito a Raible (1992). Véase también Raible (2001). 
+
+166 
+Lexis XXIX.2 
+juntar o combinar elementos: técnicas, por un lado, clasificadas se-
+gún un esquema sintáctico que describe diferentes grados de lo que 
+Raible llama "integración" (desde la simple yuxtaposición hasta las 
+formas extremas como la integración por nominalización, pasando 
+por diferentes etapas de coordinación y de subordinación), y clasifi-
+cadas, por otro lado, según las relaciones semánticas expresadas por 
+los elementos de junción, los cuales siguen una escala cognitiva de 
+complejidad creciente (comenzando con relaciones poco complejas 
+como la condicionalidad hasta relaciones más complejas como causa-
+lidad, finalidad, concesividad), según el siguiente esquema: 
+complejidad creciente de relaciones semánticas 
+grado de integración 
+(entre agregación e integración) 
+Esq. 4: 'Junción" según W. Raible 
+Hablar consiste fundamentalmente en la atribución de signos lin-
+güísticos a un mundo percibido, signos con carácter nominal (para 
+designar cosas) o verbal (para designar acciones) . Entre las acciones 
+designadas con la combinación de elementos nominales y verbales, es 
+decir, entre frases, los hablantes y los oyentes establecen relaciones de 
+diferentes tipos, clasificables según su grado de complejidad. Estas 
+relaciones pueden estar implícitas o pueden tener representación en 
+la superficie textual por medio de juntares: elementos deícticos, ele-
+mentos de coordinación o de subordinación (conjunciones), cons-
+trucciones absolutas, construcciones de participo, grupos preposicio-
+nales, preposiciones simples, etc. El esquema de junción ofrece un 
+orden lógico a esos elementos. El orden del grado de integración de 
+los juntares en el eje vertical se puede ilustrar mediante los siguientes 
+ejemplos, en este caso de causalidad, aunque es imaginable, en prin-
+cipio, cualquier relación semántica en cualquier nivel entre agrega-
+ción e integración: 
+
+Kabatek • Tradiciones discursivas y cambio lingüístico 
+167 
+I. Yuxtaposición sin junción (Juan está enfermo. No come nada.) 
+II. Relación deíctica con la frase anterior ({ ... ] Por eso, no come 
+nada.) 
+III. Oraciones explícitamente unidas ({ ... ] pues está enfermo.) 
+IV. Subordinación (Juan no come nada porque está enfermo.) 
+V. Construcciones gerundiales o participiales (Estando enfermo, 
+Juan no come nada.) 
+VI. Grupos preposicionales (Por causa de enfermedad,Juan no come 
+nada.) 
+VII. Preposiciones (Porenfermedad,juan no come nada.) 
+Esq. 5: Esquema simplificado del eje vertical de junción (grado de 
+integración) 
+Así como los juntares están insertados en el eje vertical, también 
+lo están en el eje horizontal, de acuerdo con el tipo semántico del 
+nexo que expresan: en el nivel vertical de la subordinación (o de las 
+conjunciones subordinantes), podemos distinguir juntares como si 
+para la condicionalidad, porque para la causalidad, para que para la 
+finalidad, aunque o no obstante que, etc. para la concesividad, etc. El 
+objetivo del esquema de junción es ofrecer una clasificación de los 
+junto res en una lengua en la que cada juntar se localiza mediante dos 
+coordenadas, p. ej. unjuntor como para que está localizado en el eje 
+vertical en el nivel IV, de subordinación, y en el eje horizontal 8, de 
+finalidad: 
+Esq. 6: Localización de unjuntor con dos coordenadas 
+
+168 
+Lexis XXIX.2 
+Raible establece toda una serie de correlaciones de los parámetros 
+de junción con otros factores como la evolución de las lenguas, la 
+adquisición dellengu.ye, la gramaticalización y la relación entre ora-
+lidad y escrituralidad. Si el objetivo del trab.Yo de Raible fue, en prin-
+cipio, tipológico, queriendo ofrecer un instrumento para la compara-
+ción de las lenguas (¿cuáles son los juntores existentes en una len-
+gua?, ¿cuál es su respectivo origen?, ¿existen técnicas particulares en 
+una lengua que no se encuentran en otra?, ¿cuáles son las tendencias 
+universales de evolución?, etc.), nuestra aplicación del esquema es 
+textual, partiendo de dos observaciones: primero, que el empleo de 
+los juntores, también en una misma sincronía, varía según el texto 
+que se escriba; y segundo, que esa variación, si se considera que se 
+observó también una evolución diacrónica de los juntores, será pro-
+bablemente el reflejo sincrónico de esa evolución diacrónica. 
+En nuestro proyecto, en una serie de trab.Yos previos hemos procu-
+rado determinar la relación entre los juntores que se encuentran en un 
+texto y la TD a la cual pertenece el texto, pudiendo afirmar, por lo 
+menos según los primeros estudios, que existe una clara correlación. 
+Esta correlación es por un lado cualitativa, lo cual quiere decir que en 
+una TD de finalidad determinada va a aparecer una serie de nexos que 
+corresponden al contenido expresado en ese texto. Pero la posibilidad 
+de distinguir diferentes TD a través del empleo de juntores es todavía 
+mucho mayor cuando se introduce un elemento de cantidad relativa, 
+contando el número relativo de juntores que aparecen en un texto. 
+Los dos factores nos conducen a la siguiente hipótesis de trab.Yo: 
+Los esquemas de junción de un texto - juntores que contiene y frecuencia 
+relativa- son síntomas para determinar la tradición discursiva a la que el 
+texto pertenece. 
+El punto de partida de nuestros análisis fue un trab.Yo filológico 
+extenso sobre diferentes TD del siglo XIII castellano.23 En muchos 
+estudios de gramática histórica, es usual introducir diferenciaciones 
+textuales, del tipo: "lengua escrita 1 hablada"; "textos literarios 1 no 
+literarios", "textos científicos", "poéticos", "jurídicos", etc. Tales dife-
+renciaciones nos parecen totalmente insuficientes ya que mostramos 
+en los estudios previos cómo textos supuestamente del mismo ámbito 
+-en nuestro caso textos jurídicos- pueden estar bien diferenciados y 
+23 Sobre el particular remito a Kabatek (2005). 
+
+Kabatek • Tradiciones discursivas y cambio lingüístico 
+169 
+pertenecer a TD bastante diversas. Identificamos por lo menos tres 
+mundos jurídicos diferentes en la Edad Media castellana, el mundo 
+del derecho oral transmitido por escrito enfazañaso noticias de casos 
+jurídicos concretos; el mundo del derecho foral (los fueros) en la 
+tradición de la Península Ibérica desde la época visigoda y, finalmen-
+te, un tercer mundo que corresponde al renacimiento del derecho 
+romano, divulgado desde Italia, sobre todo a partir de la segunda mitad 
+del siglo XII. Se trata de tres mundos con tres tradiciones de textos, 
+tradiciones temporalmente sucesivas pero también concomitantes 
+dada la supervivencia de las dos primeras a lo largo del siglo XIII, 
+época de la plena recepción del derecho romano en la península Ibé-
+rica. Dentro de un mismo "género" (el jurídico) y para una misma 
+finalidad expresiva ("texto jurídico normativo") encontramos, pues, 
+tres TD diferentes, identificadas mediante un análisis que aprovecha, 
+entre otras, las informaciones secundarias ofrecidas por los historia-
+dores del derecho. 
+Siguiendo nuestra hipótesis, esas tres TD deberían presentar dife-
+rencias en la superficie textual, diferencias identificables gracias al 
+análisis multidimensional o mediante un análisis de los esquemas de 
+junción. 
+Escogimos tres textos "prototípicos"24 de esas TD para el análisis 
+de junción. Éste se realiza a través de tres etapas semi-automatizadas y 
+apoyadas en componentes de un programa computacional elabora-
+do dentro de nuestro proyecto. El primer paso consiste en la identifi-
+cación semiautomática de las conjunciones en los diferentes textos. 
+El segundo paso- tratándose de textos medievales- en la unificación 
+grafemática. Finalmente, se procede a un cálculo cuantitativo: se mide 
+la cantidad absoluta de juntores contenida en cada fragmento de 1000 
+palabras, sumando los resultados de cada fragmento para establecer 
+la cantidad relativa de losjuntores por 1000 palabras. Los resultados 
+del estudio piloto son los siguientes:25 
+24 La identificación histórico-filológica de las TD muestra que también hay textos donde las tres 
+TD se entrecruzan, textos menos prototípicos, productos ya de transformaciones de las TD. 
+25 Los textos de nuestros análisis están publicados en las páginas www.kabatek.de/bologna y 
+www.kabatek.de/codi El primer texto es la colección de Fazañas conocida como Fazañas de Palen-
+zuela, el segundo texto una colección de fueros contenida en el Libro de los fUeros de Castiel/a, y el 
+tercero la Suma de derecho romano llamada Lo codi en su versión castellana, cuya versión original 
+provenzal, que data de la segunda mitad del siglo XII, es el primer texto extenso de derecho romano 
+en lengua románica. 
+
+170 
+Lexis XXIX.2 
+Esq. 7: Esquema de junción en las Fazañas de Palenzuela 
+El primer texto, una colección de "Fazañas", es un texto "simple" 
+que describe hechos, casos jurídicos concretos mediante la enumera-
+ción de acontecimientos. Los elementos de junción son mínimos; se 
+trata casi únicamente de frases cortas de nombre y verbo unidas con 
+la conjunción et, presente con alta frecuencia. Las pocas "excepcio-
+nes" en el texto se deben a la presencia de fórmulas latinizantes. 
+El segundo texto, un texto foral, corresponde a una lista de frases 
+que sigue un modelo prototípico de "ley" conocido desde la antigüe-
+dad. Es, fundamentalmente, una sucesión de frases condicionales: si 
+a hiciera b, será sancionado con la sanción e: 
+Esq. 8: Esquema de junción en un fragmento del Libro de los fueros de 
+Castiella 
+El tercer texto es resultado de la recepción del derecho romano 
+re-descubierto en la Edad Media. Ese "nuevo" derecho pretende uni-
+ficar la diversidad de las leyes, introduciendo un sistema jurídico uni-
+versal, aplicable a todos los casos posibles; un derecho caracterizado 
+por la discusión científica de las materias jurídicas con una organiza-
+
+Kabatek • Tradiciones discursivas y cambio lingüístico 
+171 
+ción completa y una gran cantidad de normas metajurídicas. Los tex-
+tos correspondientes están bastante elaborados y presentan un am-
+plio espectro de posibilidades de junción: 
+Esq. 9: Esquema de junción en un fragmento de Lo codi 
+Sintetizando el análisis de los textos, podemos visualizar el resulta-
+do de diferentes maneras. Una posibilidad es sumar los resultados de 
+cada eje de las dos dimensiones del esquema, como en los gráficos 
+siguientes: 
+120r-------------------------------------------------, 
+100~----------------------------------------------~ 
+80 
+60 
+40 
+20 
+o 
+Esq. 10: Relaciones semánticas de losjuntores en los tres textos 
+120r-------------------------------------------------. 
+100.¡.........:---
+sot---
+60 
+40 
+20 
+11 
+III 
+N 
+V 
+VI 
+VII 
+Esq. 11: Presencia relativa de grados de integración de los juntares en 
+los tres textos 
+
+172 
+Lexis XXIX.2 
+Las diferencias son evidentes: en las Fazañas predomina, en cuan-
+to a las relaciones (esq. 10}, la simple adición, con frecuencia muy 
+elevada. La relación ·dominante en los Fueros es la condicionalidad, y 
+en el texto de derecho romano, en nuestro ejemplo la traducción 
+castellana de la Suma Lo codi (en su versión original provenzal el pri-
+mer texto extenso de derecho;romano en lengua románica), se ob-
+serva un espectro amplio de posibilidades, desde la adición hasta la 
+concesividad, pasando por la condicionalidad, la causalidad, la conse-
+cutividad, la finalidad, etc. En cuanto a la dimensión sintáctica, de 
+diferentes grados de integración (esq. 11), las Fazañas se limitan a 
+frases principales sin subordinación; en los Fueros predomina la sub-
+ordinación, y el texto de derecho romano presenta, más allá de la 
+subordinación, otras técnicas de integración mediante grupos prepo-
+sicionales, frases gerundiales, nominalizaciones, etc. 
+En este estudio de textos jurídicos medievales, obtuvimos una pri-
+mera confirmación de que las diferencias textuales-gramaticales son 
+indicadores, síntomas de diferentes TD. Pero nuestra hipótesis impli-
+ca también la dirección inversa: los esquemas de junción que presen-
+ta un texto serán relevantes para la determinación de la TD a la que el 
+texto pertenece. 
+Nuestro ejemplo parece estar alejado de la realidad actual de las 
+lenguas vivas; sin embargo, nos parece que los principios elaborados 
+sobre la base del ejemplo español medieval serán aplicables, en prin-
+cipio, a cualquier estudio de TD en las lenguas románicas.26 Este tipo 
+de estudio permite diferentes observaciones: 
+-la supuesta homogeneidad de un "género" puede presentar una 
+heterogeneidad interna considerable, observable, aliado de otras posi-
+bilidades, identificando síntomas textuales diferentes para cada TD. 
+-esa heterogeneidad interna señala diferentes TD, y a la indica-
+ción de los síntomas debe seguir la interpretación histórica de los 
+datos para llegar a describir p. ej. cuáles son las diferentes TD que 
+confluyen en un mismo género. 
+5. La propuesta de partir del análisis de los esquemas de junción 
+para tener un criterio de determinación de las TD no es evidentemente 
+26 Y también en otras lenguas; puede ser que haya lenguas que por sus características tipo lógicas 
+no permitan un análisis de este tipo sin mayores modificaciones metodológicas, pero nos parece 
+viable, en principio, la aplicación de la metodología por lo menos a todas las lenguas indoeuropeas. 
+
+Kabatek • Tradiciones discursivas y cambio lingüístico 
+173 
+la única posible, pero lo importante es el principio: creemos necesaria 
+una lingüística histórica de corpus con diferenciación de TD distintas, y 
+creemos que la vía para su establecimiento debe pasar por el intento de 
+cuantificación de elementos en los textos que se puedan considerar sín-
+tomas textuales, síntomas para determinadas TD. En los próximos años, 
+procuraremos mejorar la metodología esbozada y ofrecer resultados 
+concretos de aplicación en diferentes lenguas románicas. 
+Este tipo de estudio de las TD es de enorme importancia para la 
+cuestión del cambio lingüístico. Partimos de una crítica de la visión 
+monolítica de la gramática histórica considerando que conviene dife-
+renciar diversas TD. Esta crítica no ofrece una explicación del cambio 
+lingüístico, pero indica algunas conexiones entre el cambio y las TD. 
+La lengua no es una entidad monolítica que se desarrolla como tal a 
+lo largo del tiempo. Es un conjunto de variedades y de tradiciones 
+discursivas con evoluciones internas bien diferenciadas: una innova-
+ción se da, en general, en un texto determinado, en un texto que 
+pertenece a una TD. A partir de ahí la innovación puede generalizar-
+se en esa tradición, pero aún no es general en la lengua: hace falta la 
+adopción de la innovación en otras tradiciones. Y tal como una inno-
+vación se puede localizar, teóricamente, en un texto y en una TD con-
+creta, el proceso contrario, o sea la pérdida de elementos en una len-
+gua, tampoco es general y repentino en toda la lengua sino que co-
+mienza en algunas TD hasta tal vez alcanzar a todas. Sin embargo, 
+frecuentemente los elementos se encuentran fosilizados durante 
+mucho tiempo en algunas TD antes de su desaparición total. Para la 
+teoría del cambio, es imprescindible tener en cuenta la importancia 
+de la relación entre TD y evolución de la lengua. Y para la historia de 
+una lengua concreta, dos postulados metodológicos derivan de esa 
+observación: en los estudios de evoluciones diacrónicas de elementos 
+particulares de una lengua, por detrás de la evolución abstracta de un 
+elemento en la sucesión del tiempo, conviene diferenciar, en lo posi-
+ble, la diversidad textual real, base de la interpretación acertada de la 
+evolución lingüística. Y para la visión de conjunto de la historia de la 
+lengua, conviene sustituir el instrumento de investigación "corpus dia-
+crónico" por un corpus diacrónico multidimensional, un corpus de textos 
+pertenecientes a diferentes TD, con posibilidad de proyección dia-
+crónica, pero también con posibilidad de una visión diferenciada de 
+las distintas TD coexistentes a lo largo de la historia de una lengua. 
+
+174 
+Lexis XXIX.2 
+6. La innovación del concepto de TD puede parecer de poca im-
+portancia cuando es planteada dentro de la lingüística del texto y si 
+consideramos las diferentes características de las TD vamos a encon-
+trar pocos elementos puevos con respecto a la gran cantidad de traba-
+jos sobre géneros textuales publicados desde los años 70 y 80. Lo im-
+portante de este concepto parece residir sobre todo en el retorno a 
+otros campos de la lingüística, y, en particular, a la lingüística históri-
+ca. En los últimos años, se observan tendencias en la lingüística que 
+proclaman la muerte de la lingüística histórica, y en ciertas escuelas y 
+en ciertos centros parece que se trata realmente de una disciplina 
+moribunda.27 No obstante, en estos mismos años también ha habido 
+toda una serie de innovaciones que han abierto perspectivas nuevas, 
+desde la visión pragmática o la visión cognitiva hasta la perspectiva 
+propuesta desde las TD. El estudio de la historia de la lengua a partir 
+de las TD no proporciona un paradigma diferente para sustituir otras 
+perspectivas, al contrario, parece perfectamente compatible con otros 
+enfoques. Lo que propone es una perspectiva más diferenciada de la 
+lingüística histórica y tal vez en algunos casos permitirá la solución de 
+algún caso empírico concreto todavía abierto. 
+Para la investigación futura, una vez aclaradas las cuestiones termi-
+nológicas y algunos de los parámetros básicos, me parece fundamen-
+tal seguir estudiando la relación entre análisis cualitativo y análisis 
+cuantitativo, para ver cuáles de los aspectos de las TD son cuantifica-
+bles y cuáles no. La cuantificación de elementos nunca va a ser un 
+sustituto del análisis filológico de detalles, pero es una base o~jetiva 
+para la comparación, fundamento de cualquier estudio de evolución 
+histórica. 
+27 En el número especial 31-1 de la revista La Coránica se discutió sobre la cuestión de la supues-
+ta muerte de la lingüística histórica. Creo que es una muerte geográficamente muy limitada ya que 
+existen importantes centros en el mundo que están contribuyendo a la continua innovación de los 
+estudios históricos. Cf. Kabatek (2003). 
+
+Kabatek • Tradiciones discursivas y cambio lingüístico 
+175 
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+Dynamik". En Barbara Frank/Thomas Haye/Doris Tophinke (eds.). 
+Gattungen mittelalterlicher Schriftlichkeit. Tübingen: Narr, 43-79. 
+Koch, Peter y Wulf Oesterreicher 
+1994 
+"Schriftlichkeit und Sprache". En Hartmut Günther/Otto Ludwig 
+(ed.). Schrift und Schriftlichkeit. Ein internationales Handbuch 1 Writing 
+and its Use. An internationalHandbook, 2 vols. Berlin/New York: Mouton 
+de Gruyter, vol. 1, 587-604. 
+1985 
+"Sprache der Nahe- Sprache der Distanz. Mündlichkeit und Schrif-
+tlichkeit im Spannungsfeld von Sprachtheorie und Sprachge~chich­
+te". Rnmanistischesjahrouch 36, 15-43. 
+Oesterreicher, Wulf 
+1997 
+"Zur Fundierung von Diskurstraditionen". En Thomas Haye/Doris 
+Tophinke ( eds.). Gattungen mittelalterlicher Schriftlichkeit. Tübingen: 
+Narr, 19-41. 
+Pusch, Claus,Johannes Kabatek y Wolfgang Raible (eds.) 
+2005 
+Rnmanistische Korpuslinguistik //: Korpara und diachrvne Sprachwissens-
+chaft. Romance Corpus Linguistics //: Corpara and Diachronic Linguistics. 
+Tübingen: Narr (ScriptOralia 130). 
+Raible, Wolfgang 
+2001 
+"Linkingclauses". En Martin Haspelmath/Ekkehard KOnig/WulfOes-
+terreicher/Wolfgang Raible (eds.). Language Typology and Language 
+
+Kabatek • Tradiciones discursivas y cambio lingüístico 
+177 
+Universals. An Intemational Handhook, l Berlin/New York: de Gru-
+yter, 590-617. 
+1992 
+junktion: eine Dimension der Sprache und ihre Realisierungsjormen zwis-
+chen Aggregation und lntegration. Heidelberg: Winter. 
+Sandig, Barbara 
+1993 
+História do Jalar e história da lingüística. Campinas: Unicamp. 
+1970 
+"Probleme einer linguistischen Stilistik". Linguistik und Didaktik 3, 
+177-194. 
+Schlieben-Lange, Brigitte 
+1983 
+Traditionen des Sprechens. Elemente einer prag;matischen Sprachgeschichtss-
+chreibung. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer. 
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/ad55ab7f3ed53efe.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/ad55ab7f3ed53efe.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1628b277d2934a1032f04de5eeab57191dd6db8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/corpus/humanities/text/ad55ab7f3ed53efe.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Can Corpus Consultation Compensate for the Lack of Knowledge in Legal Translation Training?
+
+Abstract It is generally assumed that a good knowledge of the legal field is a prerequisite to deliver legal translations. This paper will challenge this assumption by presenting a case study with third-year bachelor’s students who participated in a translation project. The students, enrolled in a course in translation practice, were trained in corpus consultation at the beginning of the academic year. Nearly at the end, they translated an extract of a supply contract without being trained in the legal field. They consulted a pre-compiled offline corpus and online bilingual dictionaries. The paper findings highlight that knowledge of the legal field would have certainly helped the students make more informed decisions and avoid some mistranslations. However, the major shortcomings were actually due to ineffective corpus or dictionary consultation. In particular, formulaic expressions and collocations were neglected. In light of the paper findings, it can be speculated that in translation training, effective corpus consultation may help users deliver high-quality legal translations. It also seemed that thorough knowledge of the legal field is not a prerequisite, at least as far as short texts are concerned.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/ae7ae3aad56398f6.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/ae7ae3aad56398f6.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4218fa6d156c3ec4ef24f0e60381afaeffdd458e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/corpus/humanities/text/ae7ae3aad56398f6.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Sexual dimorphism in odontometric parameters using cone beam CT: a systematic review
+
+OBJECTIVE: To determine whether odontometric parameters using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) would aid in sex estimation by assessing sexual dimorphism of odontometric parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The focused question was whether there is sexual dimorphism in linear and volumetric odontometric parameters when assessed using CBCT. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were followed to conduct a systematic search until June 2022 in all major databases. Data were extracted regarding the population, size of the sample, age range, teeth analyzed, linear or volumetric measurements, accuracy, and conclusion. The quality of included studies was assessed using (Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) tool. RESULTS: Out of the 3761 studies identified, twenty-nine full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. Finally, twenty-three articles (4215 participants) that provided data on odontometrics using CBCT were included in this systematic review. The odontological sex estimation were assessed either linear measurements (n = 13) or volumetric measurements (n = 8) or both (n = 2). Canines were analysed in maximum number of reports (n = 14), followed by incisors (n = 11), molars(n = 10) and premolars(n = 6). Most of the reports (n = 18) confirmed the existence of sexual dimorphism in odontometric parameters when assessed using CBCT. No significant differences in odontometrics between the sexes were noted in some reports (n = 5). The accuracy of sex estimation was assessed in eight investigations, which ranged from 47.8 to 92.3%. CONCLUSIONS: Odontometrics of human permanent dentition using CBCT exhibit a certain degree of sexual dimorphism. Both linear and volumetric measurements of teeth can aid sex estimation.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/b06a1e7da786dc6c.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/b06a1e7da786dc6c.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8293369bab360c9111c7d0eddacb9f8493deeb5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/corpus/humanities/text/b06a1e7da786dc6c.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,866 @@
+Links ist dumm – Zur Konstruktion rechter Meinungsführerschaft in Online-Diskussionen
+
+Sharing the notion of identity as a dynamic construct within social interaction (cf. Kresic 2006; Mead 1968; Tajfel 1978), the paper traces the strategic manoeuvers by which far and extreme right users try to obtain opinion leadership in online debates. Based on the concept of "communities of practice" (cf. Wenger 2010, 2000, 1998; Wenger/McDermott/Snyder 2002; Lave/Wenger 1991), the qualitative as well as quantitative analysis of 1047 user comments combines conversation analytic approaches to identity construction (cf. a. o. De Fina/Shiffrin/Bamberg 2006; Bucholtz/Hall 2005, 2003) with typical far and extreme right argumentation schemes specified by critical discourse analysis (cf. a. o. Reisigl/Wodak 2001; Wetherell/Potter 1992; Wodak et al. 1990; van Dijk 1987). The results show that within far and extreme right communities of practice, differing comments are no longer seen as legitimate contribution to the debate, but are considered as personal lack of understanding and, ultimately, as proof of the opponent's intellectual inadequacy.
+
+Linguistik Online 73, 4/15  http://dx.doi.org/10.13092/lo.73.2193 
+CC by 3.0 
+Links ist dumm – Zur Konstruktion rechter Meinungsführerschaft 
+in Online-Diskussionen 
+Maria Stopfner (Innsbruck) 
+ 
+ 
+Abstract 
+Sharing the notion of identity as a dynamic construct within social interaction (cf. Kresic 
+2006; Mead 1968; Tajfel 1978), the paper traces the strategic manoeuvers by which far and 
+extreme right users try to obtain opinion leadership in online debates. Based on the concept of 
+"communities of practice" (cf. Wenger 2010, 2000, 1998; Wenger/McDermott/Snyder 2002; 
+Lave/Wenger 1991), the qualitative as well as quantitative analysis of 1047 user comments 
+combines 
+conversation 
+analytic 
+approaches 
+to 
+identity 
+construction 
+(cf. 
+a. o. 
+De Fina/Shiffrin/Bamberg 2006; Bucholtz/Hall 2005, 2003) with typical far and extreme right 
+argumentation schemes specified by critical discourse analysis (cf. a. o. Reisigl/Wodak 2001; 
+Wetherell/Potter 1992; Wodak et al. 1990; van Dijk 1987). The results show that within far 
+and extreme right communities of practice, differing comments are no longer seen as legiti-
+mate contribution to the debate, but are considered as personal lack of understanding and, 
+ultimately, as proof of the opponent's intellectual inadequacy. 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+1 
+Rechte und extrem rechte Aktivitäten in Österreich und Deutschland 
+Das politische System in Österreich beruht so wie in Deutschland auf dem Konzept der wehr-
+haften bzw. streitbaren Demokratie, das dem demokratischen System das in der Verfassung 
+verankerte Recht gibt, sich gegen Kräfte zu verteidigen, die sich nicht an die demokratischen 
+Werte und Prinzipien halten bzw. diese nutzen, um das System selbst zu unterlaufen 
+(vgl. Adamovich et al. 2011: 156–157). So ist auf Basis des österreichischen Verbotsgesetzes 
+nationalsozialistische Wiederbetätigung strafbar, worunter die öffentliche Zurschaustellung 
+von Symbolen des Dritten Reichs ebenso fällt wie neo-faschistische Propaganda und die 
+Leugnung des Holocaust. Rechte und extrem rechte Organisationen sind daher gezwungen, 
+entweder unter Ausschluss der Öffentlichkeit zu operieren oder – wie im Fall der offiziellen 
+Parteien der (extremen) Rechten – ihre Ideologie in zweideutige, jedoch legale Botschaften zu 
+verpacken (cf. auch Engel/Wodak 2013; Posch/Stopfner/Kienpointner 2013; zu Rechtsextre-
+mismus in Österreich und Deutschland vgl. u. a. Hartleb 2011; Jesse 2011). 
+In den letzten Jahrzehnten hat sich dabei das Internet zum zentralen Kommunikationsmedium 
+für rechte und extrem rechte Gruppen entwickelt, wobei Web 2.0 basierte Anwendungen zu-
+nehmend an Bedeutung gewinnen (vgl. Verfassungsschutzbericht Österreich, Bundesministe-
+rium für Inneres 2014: 15–18; Verfassungsschutzbericht Deutschland, Bundesministerium des 
+
+Linguistik Online 73, 4/15 
+ISSN 1615-3014 
+58 
+Inneren 2013: 50–59). Interaktive Medien bieten nicht nur die Möglichkeit, sich mit Gleich-
+gesinnten in geschlossenen Communities auszutauschen (vgl. Cammaerts 2009; Atton 2006; 
+Couldry 2002); über soziale Netzwerke, Mikroblogging-Dienste, Musik- und Videoportale 
+usw. können vor allem jüngere Zielgruppen direkt angesprochen und für die eigene Sache 
+gewonnen werden. Aktivistinnen und Aktivisten der (Neuen) Rechten verfolgen hier, so Wolf 
+(2011: 20) von der deutschen Amadeu Antonio Stiftung, eine "Wortergreifungsstrategie", bei 
+der wie folgt vorgegangen wird (siehe dazu auch Bundesministerium des Inneren 2013: 67–
+68): Da offen rechtsextremistische Aussagen bei der breiten Masse eher auf Ablehnung sto-
+ßen, werden rechte bzw. extrem rechte Botschaften zunächst in einen unverdächtigen Kontext 
+gestellt; dazu melden sich rechte und extrem rechte Aktivistinnen und Aktivisten zu gesell-
+schaftspolitisch relevanten, jedoch vordergründig harmlosen Themen – wie z. B. Tierschutz – 
+zu Wort; anschließend wird versucht, das Gespräch in eine bestimmte Richtung zu lenken – 
+im Fall von Tierschutz z. B. das rituelle Schlachten von Tieren –, um dort daraufhin die Mei-
+nungshoheit zu erlangen und der Diskussion den gewünschten ideologischen Spin zu geben 
+(vgl. Groß 2011; Rafael 2011; Glaser 2011). 
+Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags soll basierend auf der qualitativen und quantitativen Analyse von 
+1047 Online-Kommentaren nachgezeichnet werden, wie es rechten1 und extrem rechten2 Use-
+rinnen und Usern gelingt, die Meinungsführerschaft in Online-Debatten zu übernehmen und 
+das Gespräch den eigenen Zielen entsprechend zu leiten. 
+ 
+2 
+Methode und Material 
+Der Begriff "Opinion Leader" (MeinungsführerIn) geht zurück auf eine US-amerikanische 
+Studie aus den 1940er-Jahren, in der untersucht wurde, welche psychologischen und sozialen 
+Prozesse bei der Wahlentscheidung eine Rolle spielen. Die Ergebnisse von Lazarsfeld, Berel-
+son/Gaudet (1948) ließen sich mit der bis zu diesem Zeitpunkt vorherrschenden Vorstellung, 
+das massenmediale Publikum sei eine dissoziierte Menge an Individuen, deren Meinung di-
+rekt und allein durch die Medien geprägt wird, jedoch nicht vereinbaren; stattdessen musste 
+                                                 
+1 Gegen die Unterscheidung in links und rechts wird oft vorgebracht, sie sei nicht exakt genug, weil sie einerseits 
+die Komplexität der Gesellschaft nicht abbilden könne und anderseits durch die Konvergenzbewegung in 
+Richtung politischer Mitte nur mehr auf linke bzw. rechte Ränder sinnvoll anzuwenden sei (vgl. Campbell 2007: 
+383). Dennoch ist die Rechts-Links-Unterscheidung nicht bedeutungslos (vgl. Giddens 1997: 14–15), da sie im 
+Sinne eines alltagstauglichen heuristischen Verfahrens den politischen Raum strukturiert und die 
+Überkomplexität moderner Gesellschaften auf eine klare und überschaubare links-rechts-Achse reduziert (vgl. 
+Campbell 2007: 383); sie erfüllt damit eine wichtige Orientierungsfunktion nicht nur für die politischen Parteien, 
+sondern auch für die Mitglieder der Gesellschaft, die sich auf dieser Achse mehrheitlich wiederfinden und 
+positionieren (vgl. Plasser/Ulram 2002). Zentrale Begriffe für ein (eher) rechtes politisches Verständnis sind 
+dabei Autorität, Loyalität und Tradition (vgl. Giddens 1997: 75). 
+2 Bisher wurde noch keine allgemein akzeptierte Begriffsdefinition für Rechtsextremismus gefunden (vgl. Udris 
+2011: 32), dennoch lassen sich typische Merkmale umreißen (vgl. Minkenberg 2011: 113; Neu 2006: 226; 
+Neugebauer 1997: 9): eine ultranationalistische Einstellung, die die eigene Nation über alle anderen Nationen 
+stellt; der Wunsch nach einem autoritativ geführten Staat als Gegenmodell zur pluralistischen, repräsentativen 
+Demokratie; sowie nicht zuletzt die Vorstellung einer (biologisch fundierten) Volksgemeinschaft, die das 
+Fundament für eine hierarchisch orientierte Gesellschaftsordnung bilden soll. Wesentlicher Kern einer 
+rechtsextremen Auffassung von Politik ist dabei das "Prinzip der Distinktion" (Neu 2006: 226) als Gegenkonzept 
+zum demokratischen Gleichheitsprinzip und damit verbunden fremdenfeindliches Weltbild bis hin zu Rassismus. 
+
+Maria Stopfner: Links ist dumm – Zur Konstruktion rechter Meinungsführerschaft in 
+Online-Diskussionen 
+ISSN 1615-3014 
+59 
+von einem Netzwerk an Interaktandinnen und Interaktanden ausgegangen werden, durch die 
+die massenmedialen Informationen gefiltert und bewertet werden. Eine entscheidende Rolle 
+spielen dabei Personen, die ein stärkeres Interesse an Politik bzw. an den Wahlen zeigen und 
+die sich daher besonders eingehend medial informieren; diese werden zur Informationsquelle 
+für andere und können damit deren Wahlentscheidung erheblich beeinflussen. 
+Zudem zeigte sich, dass diese Meinungsführerinnen und -führer nicht auf bestimmte Schich-
+ten oder Berufe beschränkt sind, sondern aus dem näheren Umfeld derer stammen, auf die sie 
+Einfluss üben (vgl. Lazarsfeld/Berelson/Gaudet 1948). Legt man Burke/Stets (2009) Ver-
+ständnis von Identität zugrunde, ist Meinungsführerschaft somit nicht an gewisse soziale 
+Gruppen gebunden; sie ist aber auch nicht Teil des Selbstkonzepts des Individuums; Mei-
+nungsführerschaft ist vielmehr eine soziale Rolle, die einer Person in der Interaktion zu- bzw. 
+abgesprochen wird. Meinungsführerschaft hängt dabei, so Katz (1957), im Wesentlichen von 
+drei Dingen ab: wer man ist ("Personification"), was man weiß ("Competence") und wen man 
+kennt ("Social Location"). Die folgende Analyse konzentriert sich darauf, wie rechte und ext-
+rem rechte Userinnen und User Identität konstruieren und sich als kompetent darstellen. Auf 
+den Aspekt der sozialen Vernetzung wird hingegen nur am Rande eingegangen werden. 
+Identität – nach Katz (1957): wer man ist – wird von neueren Theorien (vgl. u. a. 
+De Fina/Shiffrin/Bamberg 2006; Kresic 2006; Bucholtz/Hall 2005, 2003) als ein dynamisches 
+Konstrukt (vgl. Mead 1968) aufgefasst, das in der Interaktion abhängig von der Situation und 
+dem jeweiligen Gegenüber (inter)aktiv gestaltet wird (vgl. Goffman 1973, 1986). Während 
+nun der konversationsanalytische Ansatz des "doing being" (Sacks 1984) Identität als koope-
+rative Leistung versteht, die im Moment der Interaktion gemeinsam geschaffen wird, ist Iden-
+tität aus Sicht der kritischen Diskursanalyse (vgl. u. a. Reisigl/Wodak 2001; Wodak et al. 
+1990; van Dijk 1987) immer auch an den ideologischen Kontext gebunden, in dessen Rahmen 
+sich das Individuum bewegt und verortet. Beiden Ansätzen gemein ist jedoch die Bedeutung, 
+die den Kategorien, in die man sich selbst einschließt bzw. von denen man andere ausschließt 
+(vgl. u. a. De Fina/Schiffrin/Bamberg 2006; Bucholtz/Hall 2005, 2003; Hausendorf 2000), 
+und den Formen der Inklusion und Exklusion des Selbst und anderer (vgl. u. a. Wodak et al. 
+2009; Krzyżanowski/Wodak 2009) beigemessen wird. In einem ersten Schritt wird sich die 
+Analyse daher die Frage stellen, welche Gruppen im Zuge der Online-Debatten konstruiert 
+und wie diese als In- oder Outgroups stilisiert werden. Dabei wird neben Selbst- und Fremd-
+kategorisierungen und den jeweiligen Zuschreibungen auch besonderes Augenmerk auf typi-
+sche Argumentationsstrukturen (vgl. u. a. Wetherell/Potter 1992; Reisigl/Wodak 2001; 
+Wodak et al. 1990; van Dijk 1987) gelegt werden, die eine rechte bzw. extrem rechte Welt-
+sicht und damit eine ideologisch begründete Gruppenzugehörigkeit erkennbar werden lassen. 
+Kompetenz – nach Katz (1957): was man weiß – wird nun ebenso interaktiv dynamisch kon-
+struiert und situationsabhängig interpretiert wie Identität (vgl. Lave/Wenger 1991; Wenger 
+1998; Jacoby/Gonzales 1991). In den untersuchten Online-Foren, in denen die Teilnehmerin-
+nen und Teilnehmer einander weitgehend unbekannt sind und ständig wechseln, ist die rele-
+vante Gruppe, der sich der potentielle Meinungsführer bzw. die potentielle Meinungsführerin 
+stellen muss, die im Lauf der Debatte sich konstituierende "Community of Practice" 
+(vgl. Wenger 2010, 2000, 1998; Wenger/McDermott/Snyder 2002; Lave/Wenger 1991). Die-
+se definiert sich als Gruppe von Menschen, die zusammenkommen, um ein bestimmtes Ziel 
+
+Linguistik Online 73, 4/15 
+ISSN 1615-3014 
+60 
+zu verfolgen und die in Folge bestimmte Handlungsweisen, Denkmuster, Werte und Macht-
+strukturen entwickeln. Mit anderen Worten legt die Online-Community in der Interaktion die 
+Normen fest, entlang derer ihre Mitglieder bzw. deren Verhalten bewertet werden: "It is by its 
+very practice – not by other criteria – that a community establishes what is to be a competent 
+participant, an outsider, or somewhere in between" (Wenger 1998: 137). Laut Wenger (1998, 
+2000) bedeutet kompetent zu sein, zu wissen, was die Community als wichtig erachtet, und 
+auf das gemeinsame Ziel hin mitzuarbeiten; es bedeutet, mit anderen Mitgliedern der Com-
+munity produktiv zusammenzuarbeiten; und es bedeutet schließlich auch, so zu sprechen und 
+zu handeln, wie es das gemeinsame Repertoire an Handlungsroutinen und Denkschemata der 
+Community vorsieht (vgl. Wenger 1998, 2000). Wichtig in Zusammenhang mit Meinungsfüh-
+rerschaft ist dabei, welchen Rang die Ideen und Meinungen einzelner Mitglieder innerhalb der 
+Community einnehmen. Sinn und Bedeutung werden in der Gruppe ausgehandelt, jedoch ha-
+ben nicht immer alle gleichermaßen Anteil am Aushandlungsprozess. Unter dem Schlagwort 
+"Negotiability" versteht Wenger (1998) darum die Fähigkeit, die eigene Sicht der Dinge in 
+der Gruppe durchzusetzen. Ein weiterer Untersuchungsschwerpunkt dieses Beitrags liegt da-
+her auf den Strategien, die zum Einsatz kommen, um den Wert des eigenen Standpunkts in-
+nerhalb der "Economy of Meaning" (Wenger 1998) der Online-Community zu steigern. 
+Die Analyse basiert dabei auf 1047 Kommentaren aus dem Jahr 2009, die auf DiePresse.com 
+(23.08.2009 bis 02.09.2009, N = 652 Kommentare) bzw. krone.at (24.08.2009 bis 26.08.2009, 
+N = 395 Kommentare) im Anschluss an Online-Artikel veröffentlicht wurden, die sich mit 
+antisemitischen Aussagen eines Landespolitikers der Freiheitlichen Partei Österreichs (FPÖ) 
+auseinandersetzten. Im Folgenden werden zur Wahrung der Identität der jeweiligen Userinnen 
+und User die individuellen Nicknames durch "[Nickname]" bzw. "[User]" ersetzt. Orthogra-
+phische Fehler in den einzelnen Kommentaren werden nicht berichtigt und ob ihrer Häufig-
+keit auch nicht speziell ausgewiesen. Besonders relevante Passagen in den Kommentaren 
+werden mittels Fettdruck hervorgehoben. 
+ 
+3 
+Meinungsführerschaft durch Gruppenzugehörigkeit 
+Wer man ist, i. e. Identität als ein Grundpfeiler potentieller Meinungsführerschaft, wird zu 
+einem großen Teil darüber definiert, zu welchen Gruppen man sich zählt bzw. man gezählt 
+wird (vgl. Schiffrin 2006; cf. dazu auch Tajfel et al. 1971; Tajfel 1978). Dabei fällt zunächst 
+auf, dass rechte bzw. extrem rechte Netzaktivistinnen und -aktivisten sich kaum auf den ers-
+ten Blick als solche erkennbar machen: Die Nicknames, über die ein erster Hinweis auf rechte 
+bzw. extrem rechte Gruppenzugehörigkeit vermittelt werden könnte, sind meist wenig aussa-
+gekräftig (cf. dazu auch Stopfner 2012); auch weisen sich eher rechts gerichtete Userinnen 
+und User nur selten als Mitglied einer rechten Partei, geschweige denn einer extrem rechten 
+Organisation aus – ganz im Gegenteil: Typisch für rechte bzw. extrem rechte Diskursschema-
+ta wird sogar eher verleugnet, rechts oder extrem rechts zu stehen, nur um daraufhin eindeutig 
+rechte Inhalte und Argumentationslinien zu vertreten (vgl. van Dijk 1987; Wodak et al. 1990; 
+Chiang 2010). So wird im folgenden Kommentar (Beispiel 1) in einem ersten Schritt abge-
+stritten, Mitglied der FPÖ zu sein (bin kein blauer); daraufhin wird mittels eines Gemeinplat-
+zes, der als "rhetorically self-sufficient" (Wetherell/Potter 1992: 177) nicht weiter argumenta-
+tiv gestützt wird, auf eine Verjährungsfrist für historische Verantwortlichkeit gepocht (wann 
+hoehrt dieser schwachsinn der ueber 60 jahre zuruckliegt endlich auf entspricht "Present ge-
+
+Maria Stopfner: Links ist dumm – Zur Konstruktion rechter Meinungsführerschaft in 
+Online-Diskussionen 
+ISSN 1615-3014 
+61 
+nerations cannot be blamed for the mistakes of past generations"; Wetherell/Potter 1992: 
+177); in einem weiteren Schritt wird durch einen in rechten Diskursen häufig zu findenden 
+Trugschluss (vgl. Wodak et al. 1990: 304–305) die Täter-Opfer-Rolle umgekehrt, indem auf 
+Basis des Gerechtigkeitsschemas (vgl. Perelman/Olbrechts-Tyteca 2004; Kienpointner 1992: 
+298) ein Übel durch ein vergleichsweise viel größeres Übel argumentativ aufgewogen wird 
+(antisemitische Aussagen des Freiheitlichen vs. krieg gegen die palaestinenser zu fuehren), 
+während gleichzeitig antisemitische Vorurteile geschürt werden (israelis bekommen jahr fuer 
+jahr millionen entspricht "Jews are always privileged"; Reisigl/Wodak 2001: 56): 
+(1) bin kein blauer aber wo er recht hat hat er recht der egger wann hoehrt dieser schwachsinn der 
+ueber 60 jahre zuruckliegt endlich auf die israelis bekommen jahr fuer jahr millionen um krieg 
+gegen die palaestinenser zu fuehren zahlungen sofort einstellen und der krieg hoehrt von allei-
+ne auf 
+(krone.at 2009) 
+Der Grund für die Verleugnung rechter bzw. extrem rechter Gruppenzugehörigkeit liegt ei-
+nerseits darin, dass die Mitgliedschaft in radikalen Organisationen auf Normalbürgerinnen 
+und -bürger eher abschreckend wirkt; andererseits lässt die Zugehörigkeit zu politischen 
+Gruppen eine ideologische Voreingenommenheit vermuten, die Aussagen als tendenziös und 
+somit unglaubwürdig erscheinen lässt. Die Gruppe, der sich eher rechts bzw. extrem rechts 
+artikulierende User und Userinnen zuschreiben, ist darum keine politische Partei oder Organi-
+sation, sondern im Sinne eines normativen Einordnungsschemas die generische Gruppe der 
+aufrechten Österreicherinnen und Österreicher, die sich vom kriminellen Rest der Bevölke-
+rung deutlich abhebt (vgl. dazu auch Norocel 2013), wie im folgenden Ausschnitt (Beispiel 2) 
+klar gemacht wird: 
+(2) [Nickname] ich kann seit 49 jahren deutsch...wohne in mauthausen, weiß die GANZE geschichte, 
+und kann dich nicht verstehen, wir sind österreich, und das soll so bleiben.....ohne Raubüber-
+fälle, einbrüche, morde.....wer macht die? wiviele Österreicher sind daran beteiligt?...... 
+(krone.at 2009) 
+Die Vereinnahmung der Mehrheit der Bevölkerung in rechten bzw. extrem rechten Kommen-
+taren geht so weit, dass sich folgende Userin explizit dagegen wehrt und dadurch die Strategie 
+des Gegners metakommunikativ sichtbar macht: 
+[…] Ich bin Österreicherin und ich kann und will die Vergangenheit nicht vergessen. Gewöh-
+nen Sie sich ab, immer im Namen ALLER zu schreiben 
+(krone.at 2009) 
+Dadurch, dass weder Mitglieder noch Repräsentantinnen und Repräsentanten rechter Parteien 
+oder Gruppierungen an der Online-Debatte teilnehmen, bzw. dadurch, dass vorgeben wird, 
+weder Mitglied noch Repräsentantin oder Repräsentant einer rechten Partei oder Gruppierung 
+zu sein, werden rechte Parteien bzw. Gruppierungen und deren Mitglieder zu außenstehenden 
+Dritten, die bzw. deren Handlungen in der Online-Debatte objektiv von den (vorgeblich) un-
+voreingenommenen Mitgliedern der Community positiv bewertet werden können, wie im 
+folgenden Beispiel (Beispiel 3): 
+(3) Liebe Fr.[Nickname],Sie haben recht,wir haben ein Muslimeproblem,aber nicht nur das,sonder 
+auch ein Juden-u.-ein linkes Multi-Kultiproblem!So sieht die Realität aus und daher ist dringend 
+Handlungsbedarf gegenüber dem Urösterreicher gegeben,denn der kommt zusehends unter die 
+
+Linguistik Online 73, 4/15 
+ISSN 1615-3014 
+62 
+Räder,weil jeder Jude,Schwarze,Türke,ebenauch Muslime usw mehr Gehör und Hilfe findet wie 
+wir Urösterreicher.Daher sage ich nochmals,Hr.Egger,sowie d.FPÖ als solches sind d.wahren 
+Heimatvertreter!!Bravo,weiter so. 
+(krone.at 2009) 
+Die politische Ingroup der FPÖ wird dabei häufig als Opfer der Regierungsparteien sowie der 
+Gutmenschenjagdgesellschaft (DiePresse, 27.08.2009) bzw. der internationalen Jagdgesell-
+schaft (DiePresse, 25.08.2009) bestehend aus linksgerichteten, juden- und ausländerfreundli-
+chen Gruppen stilisiert, um damit gegnerische Kritik (wie etwa an den damaligen antisemiti-
+schen Aussagen des freiheitlichen Politikers) ohne jede weitere Begründung oder Rechtferti-
+gung in einer trugschlüssigen Täter-Opfer-Umkehr als nicht Demokratisch [sic], als Haßtira-
+den, als brutale Hetze (krone.at 24.08.2009) usw. abzutun. Die politische Outgroup der geg-
+nerischen Parteien, bestehend aus der Österreichischen Volkspartei (ÖVP), der Sozialdemo-
+kratischen Partei Österreichs (SPÖ) und den Grünen, wird hierbei einerseits als höchst mani-
+pulativ dargestellt und andererseits als völlig unfähig bzw. untätig charakterisiert, wenn es um 
+die Wünsche und Bedürfnisse der Österreicherinnen und Österreicher geht (z. B. Das sind die 
+Ratten die Land und Leute verkaufen nur um ihre Posten zu retten bzw. auszubauen […] kro-
+ne.at, 24.08.2009). Die FPÖ – zu einem geringerem Maße auch das Bündnis Zukunft Öster-
+reich (BZÖ) als ein von Jörg Haider im Jahr 2005 gegründeter parteipolitischer Ableger der 
+Freiheitlichen Partei – wird im Umkehrschluss zur einzig wählbaren Alternative für "echte" 
+Bürgerinnen und Bürger des Landes: Österreich den Österreichern! Die einzige Partei, die 
+für die Interessen der Einheimischen und ihrer Kultur und Identität eintritt ist die FPÖ! (kro-
+ne.at, 24.08.2009). 
+Neben der Konstruktion ethnischer und religiöser Outgroups – ein Vorgehen, das von dis-
+kursanalytischen Studien (vgl. u. a. Reisigl/Wodak 2001; Wodak et al. 1990; van Dijk 1987) 
+bereits eingehend beschrieben wurde und das daher im Folgenden nicht weiter untersucht 
+werden wird – werden speziell linksgerichtete, grün-alternative Gruppierungen innerhalb der 
+Online-Debatte seitens rechter bzw. extrem rechter Aktivistinnen und Aktivisten als Feindbild 
+etabliert. Im Unterschied zu rechten bzw. extrem rechten Parteien und Gruppierungen, die 
+zwar in der Debatte thematisiert werden, deren Mitglieder jedoch selbst vorgeblich nicht an 
+der Diskussion teilnehmen, werden Userinnen und User, die rechte und extrem rechte Positio-
+nen angreifen, von den eher rechts gerichteten Netzaktivistinnen und -aktivisten sofort als 
+Mitglieder einer linken Gruppierung "enttarnt" und persönlich angegriffen. Hierbei handelt es 
+sich um ad-hominem-Argumente, indem anstelle von Sachargumenten die Person des Geg-
+ners bzw. der Gegnerin selbst attackiert wird (vgl. Kienpointner 1996: 38–44; van Eeme-
+ren/Grootendorst 2009: 177–179), wie im folgenden Beispiel (Beispiel 4): 
+(4) […] glauben sie dem kein wort, der lügt sooft sein finger auf die tastatur fällt. vom koran hat er 
+keine ahnung, braucht er ja auch nicht, er weiss sowieso alles besser, besser als jeder imam. so 
+sind sie die linkslinken, ideologie schlägt IMMER jedes wissen. […] 
+(DiePresse.com 2009) 
+Während sich nun also rechte bzw. extrem rechte Aktivistinnen und Aktivisten nicht als Mit-
+glieder einer rechten oder extrem rechten Partei oder Gruppierung deklarieren, sondern sich 
+als mündige Wählerinnen und Wähler konstruieren, die sich aus guten Gründen für rechte 
+bzw. extrem rechte Positionen, Parteien und Gruppen sowie deren Vertreterinnen und Vertre-
+
+Maria Stopfner: Links ist dumm – Zur Konstruktion rechter Meinungsführerschaft in 
+Online-Diskussionen 
+ISSN 1615-3014 
+63 
+ter entschieden haben, werden kritische Kommentare sofort zum Indiz für linke Gruppenzu-
+gehörigkeit und damit zu unreflektierter Propaganda. Auch wenn dies nicht für alle ad-
+hominem-Argumente gilt (vgl. Walton 1985), so liegt in diesem Fall wie auch in ähnlich ge-
+lagerten Kommentaren aus dem Korpus insofern ein Trugschluss vor, als die Glaubwürdigkeit 
+des Gegners bzw. der Gegnerin durch einen argumentativen Winkelzug generell in Zweifel 
+gezogen wird ("poisoning the well"; vgl. Walton 2006): Indem dem Gegenüber unterstellt 
+wird, ihm sei nicht an der Wahrheit gelegen, sondern es verfolge andere Motive, wird ihm die 
+Möglichkeit genommen, weiterhin glaubhaft an der Diskussion teilzunehmen (vgl. Walton 
+2006: 275–276; Copi/Cohen/McMahon 2011: 80; siehe dazu auch Wanoschek 2012). Eigent-
+licher Adressat bzw. eigentliche Adressatin von ad-hominem-Attacken ist dabei weniger 
+der/die Angegriffene, sondern eine dritte Partei bestehend aus relevanten Zuhörern und Zuhö-
+rerinnen (van Eemeren/Grootendorst 2009: 178). Im obigen Ausschnitt (Beispiel 4) kann 
+glauben sie [sic für Sie] dem kein Wort (Beispiel 5) nun einerseits an die gerade Diskutieren-
+den gerichtet sein; da der Kommentar jedoch erst einen Tag nach der eigentlichen Diskussi-
+onssequenz online gestellt wurde und hier auch als Einzeläußerung unbeantwortet blieb, 
+könnte damit aber auch eine Gruppe direkt angesprochen sein, die innerhalb der Online-
+Diskussion als solches nicht in Erscheinung tritt, aber eine der wichtigsten, da zahlenmäßig 
+größten Ansprechgruppen darstellt: die Gruppe derer, die die Kommentare zwar liest und sich 
+somit für die verschiedenen Meinungen interessiert, jedoch selbst nicht postet. 
+Nach diesem kurzen Überblick über die Identität der für die Konstruktion von Meinungsfüh-
+rerschaft relevanten Akteurinnen und Akteure in der Debatte soll im folgenden Abschnitt nun 
+genauer untersucht werden, wie rechte bzw. extrem rechte Userinnen und User sich selbst als 
+kompetent inszenieren und gleichzeitig gegnerische Positionen untergraben. 
+ 
+4 
+Meinungsführerschaft durch Kompetenz 
+Neben Identität ist Kompetenz der zweite Pfeiler für Meinungsführerschaft, der im Rahmen 
+dieses Beitrags behandelt werden soll. Kompetenz wird interaktiv konstruiert und ausgehan-
+delt, d. h., sie wird zu- bzw. abgesprochen. Man kann als Experte oder Expertin für einen be-
+stimmten Themenbereich kompetent sein bzw. als kompetent erachtet werden; man kann je-
+doch auch kompetent auftreten, indem nicht das persönliche Wissen, sondern das Verhalten 
+im Gespräch als kompetent, i. e. situationsadäquat, anerkannt wird. Gilt eine Person in der 
+Interaktion als kompetent, so wird das, was diese Person weiß und vertritt, von den anderen 
+Interaktionspartnerinnen und -partnern als eher wahr und relevant positiv (ein)geschätzt. Als 
+kompetent eingeschätzte Diskussionteilnehmerinnen und -teilnehmer haben in Folge mehr 
+Möglichkeiten, das eigene Wissen bzw. die eigene Deutung und ihr persönliches Verständnis 
+der Dinge innerhalb der Gruppe durchzusetzen – sie übernehmen somit die Meinungsführer-
+schaft. Um diese bevorrechtigte Rolle einnehmen zu können, muss dieser Status jedoch erst in 
+der Interaktion erworben werden, d. h., die eigenen Standpunkte bzw. das eigene Verhalten 
+muss von der Gruppe nicht nur akzeptiert, sondern als besonders glaubwürdig bzw. als bei-
+spielhaft anerkannt werden. Ausgehend von Wengers (1998, 2000, 2010) Verständnis von 
+"Communities of Practice" kann der Wert der eigenen Meinung innerhalb der "Economy of 
+Meaning" der Community nun auf zwei Arten gesteigert werden. 
+
+Linguistik Online 73, 4/15 
+ISSN 1615-3014 
+64 
+Zum einen gewinnt eine Meinung dann an Wert, wenn eine größere Anzahl von Menschen sie 
+teilt. Im Netz wird Zustimmung dabei am schnellsten und einfachsten über die Funktion des 
+"Like Buttons" bzw. der "Gefällt mir"-Schaltfläche ausgedrückt (zur "Like"-Funktion allge-
+mein und möglichen Bedeutungskomponenten von "Gefällt mir" siehe Marx/Weidacher 2014: 
+118–124): Wenn ein Kommentar eine hohe Anzahl an "Likes" aufweist, ist dies ein Indikator 
+dafür, dass die im Kommentar dargestellte Meinung von vielen geteilt wird und sie daher in 
+der "Economy of Meaning" der Gruppe hohen Stellenwert besitzt.3 Die drei Kommentare, die 
+in den analysierten Debatten auf DiePresse.com und krone.at die meiste Zustimmung über 
+"Likes" bekamen, verteidigten die antisemitischen Aussagen des freiheitlichen Politikers, in-
+dem sie betonten, man solle aus einer Mücke keinen Elefanten machen ("You have to be prac-
+tical"; Wetherell/Potter 1992: 177; 110 Likes), die Äußerungen von Vertreterinnen und Ver-
+tretern der FPÖ würden im Unterschied zu Aussagen von Politikerinnen und Politikern ande-
+rer Parteien stets ungerechtfertigterweise auf die politisch korrekte Goldwaage gelegt 
+("Everybody should be treated equally"; Wetherell/Potter 1992: 177; 84 Likes) und die Mehr-
+heit solle nicht vor einer Minderheit zu Kreuze kriechen ("Minority opinion should not carry 
+more weight than majority opinion"; Wetherell/Potter 1992: 177; 77 Likes). Im Vergleich 
+dazu konnten Kommentare, die die Äußerungen des Freiheitlichen kritisierten, maximal drei-
+ßig "Likes" generieren. 
+Eine bestimmte Sicht der Dinge kann aber auch dadurch an Wert innerhalb der "Economy of 
+Meaning" der Community gewinnen, indem eine Menge anderer Kommentare die gleiche 
+Meinung ausdrückt. Laut Wenger (2000) erscheint man einer Community dann als kompe-
+tent, wenn man weiß, was sie weiß, wenn man für wichtig erachtet, was sie für wichtig erach-
+tet, wenn man so denkt, wie sie denkt, und das vertritt, was sie vertritt. Die im Kommentar 
+ausgedrückte Meinung muss, um als Indiz für die eigene Kompetenz wirksam zu werden, 
+somit den von der Community vertretenen Annahmen entsprechen – oder zumindest eine ge-
+wisse Anschlussfähigkeit aufweisen. So werden die Aussagen des freiheitlichen Politikers in 
+den Kommentaren auf DiePresse.com und krone.at am häufigsten damit verteidigt, dass Glei-
+ches mit Gleichem vergolten werden müsse (DiePresse.com: 27 % von 182 Aussagen; kro-
+ne.at: 25 % von 203 Aussagen), dass die Meinung einer Minderheit nicht mehr Gewicht ha-
+ben solle wie die der Mehrheit (DiePresse.com: 19 % von 182 Aussagen; krone.at: 11 % von 
+203 Aussagen) und dass die Meinungsfreiheit in einer Demokratie gewahrt bleiben müsse 
+(DiePresse.com: 14 % von 182 Aussagen; krone.at: 15 % von 203 Aussagen). Letzteres ist 
+ein Beispiel für die von Augoustinous/Every (2007: 134–137) beschriebene Strategie, liberale 
+Argumente für illiberale Ziele zu nutzen. Zuwiderlaufende Positionen werden innerhalb der 
+quantitativ etablierten "Economy of Meaning" zur Minderheitenmeinung – ein Umstand, der 
+im folgenden Kommentar (Beispiel 5) vom User bzw. von der Userin selbst als solches dekla-
+riert wird, wodurch jedoch gleichzeitig die Dominanz rechter Interpretationsschemata inner-
+halb der Online-Community explizit anerkannt und damit vom politischen Gegner selbst be-
+stätigt wird: 
+                                                 
+3 Dass die Anzahl der Likes auch gezielt manipuliert wird, ist ein zusätzlicher Hinweis, welche Bedeutung hier 
+der Menge an Gleichgesinnten in Hinblick auf das Standing in der Gruppe beigemessen wird. 
+
+Maria Stopfner: Links ist dumm – Zur Konstruktion rechter Meinungsführerschaft in 
+Online-Diskussionen 
+ISSN 1615-3014 
+65 
+(5) Auch wenn ihr mich wieder rot strichelts [i. e. "Dislikes" auf DiePresse.com]: So wie Herr Eg-
+ger sich über Herrn Loewy geäussert hat, ist das nicht als Kompliment gemeint. Als normale An-
+rede schon gar nicht. Da kann er sich nicht rausreden. […] 
+(DiePresse.com 2009) 
+Doch der Wert einer Meinung und damit verbunden die Kompetenz der Person, die sie ver-
+tritt, können nicht nur quantitativ durch die Zahl derer, die die Meinung teilen, gesteigert 
+werden; sie können auch qualitativ aufgewertet werden, indem die Meinung selbst bzw. die 
+zugrundeliegende Argumentation positiv hervorgehoben wird. Tatsächlich sind Kommentare, 
+die andere Aussagen metakommunikativ bewerten, in den analysierten Online-Debatten sehr 
+häufig: So enthalten auf DiePresse.com 15 % von 692 Aussagen und auf krone.at 23 % von 
+417 Aussagen metakommunikative Einschätzungen, in denen die Userinnen und User die 
+Beiträge als solche kommentieren und die Art und Weise diskutieren, wie gepostet werden 
+soll und wie nicht.4 Die Debatten auf krone.at und DiePresse.com werden dabei von der 
+"Community of Practice" als politische Diskussion inszeniert, die, so Brinker (1996), idealer-
+weise auf Rationalität, Objektivität, Gleichheit, Ernsthaftigkeit und Ehrlichkeit beruht. Dies 
+ist die Norm, die von der Community als Messlatte an die Kommentare angelegt wurde: D. h., 
+Kommentare, die als rational und objektiv sowie als argumentativ schlüssig bewertet werden, 
+steigen im Wert; Kommentare, die diesen Ansprüchen nicht gerecht werden, verlieren an 
+Wert. Dazu folgender Ausschnitt aus der Debatte auf krone.at, in der mehrere eher rechts ge-
+richtete Userinnen und User auf den ersten Kommentar in der Sequenz reagieren (Beispiel 6): 
+(6) USERin X: leider hat der unsägliche braunspross haider solche aussagen salonfähig gemacht. und 
+seine nachfolger entgleisen beinahe schon täglich. warum verbietet man solche unnützen parteien 
+nicht einfach? 
+(krone.at 2009) 
+a) USERin R1: [Nickname USERin X] du armes wesen, was hat dich so voll mit Hass 
+geschaffen? Kannst du überhaupt noch sachlich zu Themen posten, oder besteht dein 
+Lebensinhalt nur darin pauschal alle rechtsgerichteten Personen in Misskredit zu ziehen? 
+(krone.at 2009) 
+b) USERin R2: [Nickname USERin X], weil wir gottseidank in einer Demokratie leben und 
+nicht wie es deinem Weltbild entsprechen würde, in einem Arbeiter und Bauernstaat mit 
+lauter linken Gutmenschen deinesgleichen. 
+(krone.at 2009) 
+c) USERin R3: [Nickname USERin X]! Ist das die Antwort meiner Frage 23.05? Wenn du 
+dich mit deinem Posting 23.38 zufrieden gibst, bleibt in deiner Verantwortung! L.G. Gute 
+Nacht! Dein einfaches Gemüt, hätte ich gerne! Das leben ist allerdings vielfältiger! 
+(krone.at 2009) 
+                                                 
+4 Auf DiePresse.com liegen metakommunikative Kommentare damit anteilsmäßig an dritter Stelle hinter 
+Beiträgen, die die Äußerungen des freiheitlichen Politikers thematisieren (32 % von 692 Aussagen), und 
+Beiträgen, die das politische System als solches zur Diskussion stellen (17 % von 692 Aussagen); auf krone.at 
+führen metakommunikative Beiträge das Ranking sogar an und zwar noch vor Beiträgen, die die Äußerungen 
+des freiheitlichen Politikers thematisieren (21 % von 417 Aussagen), und Beiträgen, die das politische System 
+als solches zur Diskussion stellen (21 % von 417 Aussagen). 
+
+Linguistik Online 73, 4/15 
+ISSN 1615-3014 
+66 
+Zum einen findet sich in Kommentar 6b als Reaktion auf Kritik an rechten Parteien bzw. de-
+ren Vertreterinnen und Vertretern wiederum das ad-hominem-Argument linker Gruppenzuge-
+hörigkeit; zum anderen wird in der obigen Sequenz bereits deutlich, dass die Thematisierung 
+argumentativen Fehlverhaltens in den untersuchten Online-Debatten weniger genutzt wird, 
+den Konflikt im Rahmen eines korrektiven Prozesses (vgl. Goffman 1986) zu lösen, sondern 
+stattdessen, wie in Kommentar 6a und 6c, eher dazu dient, das als unpassend markierte kom-
+munikative Verhalten als Charakterschwäche bzw. als Indiz für ideologische Verblendung 
+dem politischen Gegner bzw. der politischen Gegnerin persönlich zur Last zu legen, um damit 
+wiederum dessen/deren Glaubwürdigkeit als solche zu untergraben. Die Strategie, nicht nur 
+die gegnerische Argumentation als fehlerhaft zu kritisieren, sondern dies als Beweis für die 
+fehlende Kompetenz des Gegners bzw. der Gegnerin zu präsentieren, findet sich zwar auch 
+vereinzelt in Kommentaren, die rechte bzw. extrem rechte Äußerungen angreifen, doch stehen 
+diese in keinem Verhältnis zur Menge, Häufigkeit und Heftigkeit, mit der eher rechte Userin-
+nen und User diese Taktik nutzen, um mit ihr auf jedwede Kritik an rechten Positionen, 
+Gruppen und Personen zu reagieren. Dazu die Fortführung des vorigen Ausschnitts, wobei ein 
+Gesprächsstrang der chronologisch gereihten Kommentare zur besseren Lesbarkeit durch 
+Rahmung ausgewiesen wird (Beispiel 7): 
+(7) USERin X: @[ Nickname USERin R2]: da aber die vorgänger dieser rüpeln sehr demokratie-
+feindlich waren, habe ich starke bedenken, dass die brut sehr demokratisch gesinnt ist. also 
+aufpassen in der wahlzelle!..... [Nickname USERin R3]: das sagst gerade DU? du bist ja wohl 
+mit abstand die einfältigste posterin hier!  
+(krone.at 2009) 
+a) USERin R2: [Nickname USERin X], klär uns bitte auf, wer sind aus deiner Sicht die 
+"Vorgänger"?  
+(krone.at 2009) 
+b) USERin R1: [Nickname USERin X]: du armer Mensch, hoffentlich hast auch du 
+irgendwann wieder Freude am Leben. Mach eine Therapie - es wird dir helfen! Alles 
+Gute! 
+(krone.at 2009) 
+c) USERin X: @[ Nickname USERin R2]: lernens geschichte...........  
+(krone.at 2009) 
+d) USERin R3: [Nickname USERin X]! Was sage ich gerade hier? Kann ich dir genau 
+sagen! Die Aussage beruht auf einer Frage! [Nickname USERin X]! Mit was dealst Du! 
+Einfache Frage, jedoch keine Antwort! Typisch für [Nickname USERin X]! Typisch 
+auch, viele Aussagen, jedoch nichts dahinter - ausser Defamierungen von Menschen! 
+Reg dich nicht auf, - gebildete Menschen wissen damit umzugehen!  
+(krone.at 2009) 
+e) USERin R2: [Nickname USERin X], na da haben wirs wieder: In die Enge getrieben 
+kneifst du und ziehst den Schwanz ein. Ich habs dir ja schon gesagt, dieses Forum ist zu 
+hoch für dich, du kannst nicht mithalten. Übrigens, ich lehre Geschichte!  
+(krone.at 2009) 
+f) USERin X: @[ Nickname USERin R3]: nachdem diese frage mehr als überflüssig war, 
+habe ich dich einfach ignoriert. du bist wirklich nicht so wichtig, dass ich jede dämliche 
+frage von dir beantworten will. 
+(krone.at 2009) 
+
+Maria Stopfner: Links ist dumm – Zur Konstruktion rechter Meinungsführerschaft in 
+Online-Diskussionen 
+ISSN 1615-3014 
+67 
+g) USERin R4: @[ Nickname USERin X]: Welche Geschichte meinst du denn? Die halb 
+wahren Stories die uns zum Teil in der Schule gelernt worden sind? Selbst 
+nachrecherchieren ist angesagt.  
+(krone.at 2009) 
+h) USERin R3: [Nickname USERin X]! Sachliche Argumente sind gefragt! Nicht 
+Diffamierung von Menschen! Weisst du überhaupt noch zu welchen Thema du postest? 
+Oder bist du "HC" geschädigt, bzw. traumatisiert? Wenn ja, es gibt immer einen Knopf 
+zum Ausschalten!  
+(krone.at 2009) 
+i) USERin R1: [Nickname USERin X]: oho, haben wir einen wunden Punkt bei dir 
+getroffen? Warum so rüde in der Beantwortung? Glaube mir, es gibt gute 
+Therapiemöglichkeiten heutzutage - nutze sie! Befreie dich von deinem Hass und 
+Vorurteilen damit du lernst wieder sachlich zu posten!  
+(krone.at 2009) 
+j) USERin X: prof. [Nickname USERin R2], wenn du geschichte lehrst, was soll dann die 
+frage? gut, kurz zusammengefasst was du eh schon weisst: die fpö entstand aus dem 
+verband der unabhängigen, einer sammelgruppe des rechten lagers, dem auch unzählige 
+nazis angehörten.......ach was solls.. 
+(krone.at 2009) 
+k) USERin X: na, [Nickname USERin R4]: dann erzähl du doch dem [Nickname USERin 
+R2] die geschichte der fpö, wenn du so schlau bist........))  
+(krone.at 2009) 
+l) USERin X: [Nickname USERin R1]: therapiern muss man nicht normaldenkende 
+menschen, sondern das rechte, leichtglübige und leicht zu beeinflussende rechte 
+gesindel hier.  
+(krone.at 2009) 
+m) USERin R4: @[Nickname USERin X]: Das brauch ich nicht, ich halte [Nickname 
+USERin R2] für gebildet genug um Bescheid zu wissen, aber über leicht manipulierbare 
+Leute wie dich mach ich mir Gedanken.  
+(krone.at 2009) 
+Im Kontext öffentlicher Kommunikation versuchen Akteurinnen und Akteure aus der Politik 
+stets, sich selbst bzw. die eigene Partei so positiv wie möglich darzustellen, während die Ge-
+genseite in ein möglichst negatives Licht gehüllt wird (vgl. u. a. van Dijk 2006: 273; Klein 
+2001: 1590). Die Strategie der Aufwertung eigener und Abwertung fremder Positionen (siehe 
+dazu auch Zimmermann 1969: 18–19) findet sich auch in den Kommentaren (Beispiel 7) der 
+eher rechts orientierten Userinnen und User, wobei zwei Hauptstoßrichtungen erkennbar wer-
+den, die unmittelbar mit der Kompetenz der Diskussionsteilnehmerinnen und -teilnehmer, wie 
+sie zu Beginn des Abschnitts umrissen wurde, in Zusammenhang stehen. 
+Erster Prüfstein ist das für die Diskussion relevante Hintergrundwissen: Dabei werden die 
+Aussagen von Userin X nicht nur hinterfragt (Beispiel 7a und 7g), wodurch impliziert wird, 
+er/sie könne seine/ihre Behauptungen nicht durch entsprechendes Faktenwissen stützen; das 
+von Userin X vertretene Wissen wird zudem als reines Schulwissen diffamiert, mit dem Gut-
+gläubige nur allzu leicht manipuliert würden (Beispiel 7g: Die halb wahren Stories die uns 
+zum Teil in der Schule gelernt worden sind?). Interessanterweise bleibt man jedoch von rech-
+ter Seite eine Klärung darüber, wie die "wahren" geschichtlichen Zusammenhänge nun genau 
+
+Linguistik Online 73, 4/15 
+ISSN 1615-3014 
+68 
+liegen, schuldig; die Aufwertung des Wissensstands von Userin R2 erfolgt stattdessen über die 
+– mit Blick auf den kritisierten Stellenwert der österreichischen Schulbildung im Grunde wi-
+dersprüchliche – Selbstzuschreibung des Expertenstatus als Geschichtslehrer bzw. -lehrerin 
+(Beispiel 7e: Übrigens, ich lehre Geschichte!) und die nicht weiter gestützte positive Fremd-
+zuschreibung durch Userin R4 (Beispiel 7m: ich halte [Nickname USERin R2] für gebildet 
+genug um Bescheid zu wissen). Während Userin X also als leichtgläubig, manipulierbar und 
+letztendlich unwissend dargestellt wird, inszeniert sich die rechte Community als gebildet 
+(siehe auch Beispiel 7d: gebildete Menschen wissen damit umzugehen!) und im Besitz einer 
+Wahrheit, die zwar nicht näher definiert wird, die aber durch selbständiges Denken von intel-
+ligenten Menschen erfasst werden könne (Beispiel 7g: Selbst nachrecherchieren ist ange-
+sagt). 
+Zweiter Prüfstein ist das argumentative Verhalten in der Diskussion: Auf den ersten Kom-
+mentar von Userin X in Beispiel 6) wurde seitens der eher rechten Userinnen und User mit 
+ad-hominem-Argumenten reagiert; in Beispiel 7 verschärft sich daraufhin der Ton von Userin 
+X merklich, indem er/sie mit Rüpel und Brut stark stigmatisierende Bezeichnungen für die 
+FPÖ und ihre Anhängerinnen und Anhänger wählt; zudem greift er/sie Userin R3 als mit ab-
+stand die einfältigste posterin (Beispiel 7) persönlich an, nachdem Userin R3 ihn/sie zuvor in 
+Kommentar 6c als einfaches Gemüt bezeichnet hatte. Diese persönlichen Angriffe von Userin 
+X werden von den eher rechts gerichteten Userinnen und User nun nicht als singuläre Fehlre-
+aktion auf eine vorangegangene Provokation in einer emotional angeheizten Situation mar-
+kiert, sondern als typisches Verhalten von Userin X charakterisiert (Beispiel 7d), der/die damit 
+sein/ihr "wahres" Gesicht als unsachliches, emotionales und vorurteilsbehaftetes Diskussi-
+onsmitglied zeigt (Beispiel 7h, 7j), das dem Niveau der "Community of Practice" schlichtweg 
+nicht gewachsen sei (Beispiel 7e: dieses Forum ist zu hoch für dich, du kannst nicht mithal-
+ten). Indem sich eher rechte Userinnen und User das Recht herausnehmen, das Verhalten an-
+derer Diskussionsteilnehmerinnen und -teilnehmer zu kritisieren, maßen sie sich selbst die 
+Rolle der Ordnungshüterinnen bzw. -hüter an, die im Namen der Community auftreten und 
+über deren normative Vorgaben wachen. Obwohl das Diskussionsverhalten rechter bzw. ext-
+rem rechter Userinnen und User nicht zuletzt aufgrund ihrer häufig auf Trugschlüssen basie-
+renden Argumentation als fragwürdig bezeichnet werden muss, inszenieren sie sich selbst 
+(bzw. gegenseitig) als "Kommunikationsexpertinnen und -experten" und beanspruchen damit 
+einen höheren Status, wird doch ein bestimmtes Wissen und kommunikatives Können impli-
+ziert, das nicht nur dazu legitimiert, die Leistungen anderer zu bewerten, sondern das auch 
+den eigenen Aussagen mehr Geltung verschafft (vgl. dazu auch Fägersten 2006). Interessant 
+in diesem Zusammenhang ist folgender Kommentar aus dem Korpus, in dem ein Schreiber 
+bzw. eine Schreiberin aus dem eher rechten Lager genau diese Taktik einem eher linken User 
+bzw. einer eher linken Userin vorwirft: 
+(8) @[Nickname]: Das haben Sie mit Ihrem Posting, als sie die "Blauen Poster" angegriffen haben, 
+zum Ausdruck gebracht. Sie sind genauso falsch und hinterlistig wie die Vertreter von SPÖ-
+ÖVP-Grünen! Ich habe Ihnen nur vor Augen geführt, dass Sie keinerlei Recht haben, andere zu 
+kritisieren. Ich sehe über Tipp- und Rechtschreibfehler ja hinweg - den Deutschprofessor haben 
+Sie gespielt. Bei Gott, sind Sie verschlagen! 
+(krone.at 2009) 
+
+Maria Stopfner: Links ist dumm – Zur Konstruktion rechter Meinungsführerschaft in 
+Online-Diskussionen 
+ISSN 1615-3014 
+69 
+Die eher rechten bzw. extrem rechten Netzaktivistinnen und -aktivsten gehen aber noch einen 
+Schritt weiter: Denn in Ausschnitt 7 kritisiert Userin R1 das Fehlverhalten von Userin X in der 
+Debatte nicht nur als Beweis für die argumentative Inkompetenz des Gegenübers; er/sie 
+nimmt das Verhalten von Userin X vor allem zum Anlass, um ihm/ihr in Beispiel 7b (Mach 
+eine Therapie) und 7i (es gibt gute Therapiemöglichkeiten) wie auch in späteren Ausschnitten 
+(ja, ist schon gut, du musst dich nicht so aufregen. Alles wird wieder gut! Ist es nicht schon 
+ein bisschen spät für dich? Wann startet dein Therapieprogramm? Wird schon werden - Kopf 
+hoch! krone.at, 25.08.2009) psychische Probleme zu unterstellen. Auf ähnliche Weise finden 
+sich auch auffallend viele Kommentare, die bei Kritik an rechten bzw. extrem rechten Positi-
+onen zunächst Argumentationsfehler unterstellen und diese daraufhin damit entschuldigen, 
+den jeweiligen Userinnen und Usern fehle es an der nötigen Intelligenz, um der Diskussion zu 
+folgen und daran entsprechend teilzunehmen, wie im folgenden Ausschnitt (Beispiel 9; vgl. 
+dazu auch Beispiel 7e): 
+(9) Die Ablehnung von Asylanten und anderen Zuwanderern, die sich nicht an die Gepflogenhei-
+ten des Biotops Österreich anpassen wollen oder können, beruht aber auf Heimatliebe und 
+nicht auf Rassismus. Aber so etwas verstehen sie nicht, sie können aber nichts dafür. Linke 
+wie sie sind eben dumm. Wären sie klug, wären sie ja keine Linken. 
+(presse.at 2009) 
+Sowohl in Beispiel 7 als auch in Beispiel 9 wird dem politischen Gegenüber der Status ei-
+nes/einer ernstzunehmenden – da geistig kranken oder dummen – und gleichberechtigten – da 
+bemitleidenswerten oder von höherer Stelle zu entschuldigenden – Diskussionspartners/-
+partnerin abgesprochen. Dabei handelt es sich wiederum um die Brunnenvergiftungstaktik 
+("poisoning the well"), mit der Diskussionen ad absurdum geführt werden, wird einzelnen 
+Diskussionsmitgliedern doch die Fähigkeit abgesprochen, schlüssig und unvoreingenommen 
+zu argumentieren und damit sinnvoll an der Diskussion mitzuwirken. Userinnen und User, die 
+sich gegenüber rechten bzw. extrem rechten Inhalten und Gruppen kritisch positionieren, 
+werden so zur Outgroup der "Community of Practice" der Online-Debatte stilisiert und in 
+Folge von der Diskussion ausgeschlossen. Übrig bleibt die scheinbar quantitativ und qualita-
+tiv überlegene eher rechte bzw. extrem rechte Ingroup, die als Meinungsführerin über die 
+Kommentare der anderen zu Gericht sitzt und dabei das Recht auf Beteiligung an der Diskus-
+sion auf Gleichgesinnte beschränkt. 
+ 
+5 
+Schlussbemerkungen 
+Ausgehend von der Annahme, dass Meinungsführerschaft darauf fußt, wer man ist und was 
+man kann (vgl. Katz 1957), zeigen die Ergebnisse der qualitativen und quantitativen Analyse, 
+dass eher rechte und extrem rechte Aktivistinnen und Aktivisten einen erheblichen Anteil 
+ihrer kommunikativen Bemühungen in den Online-Debatten darauf verwenden, sich selbst als 
+politisch unabhängig und kompetent darzustellen, während Kritikerinnen und Kritiker als 
+ideologisch voreingenommene und unfähige Outgroup von der Diskussion ausgeschlossen 
+werden. Die rechte bzw. extrem rechte Ingroup kontrolliert die Debatte dabei sowohl quanti-
+tativ, d. h. durch die bloße Anzahl an gleichgesinnten Userinnen und Usern, als auch qualita-
+tiv, indem rechte und extrem rechte Kommentare besonders positiv und abweichende Mei-
+nungen besonders negativ bewertet werden. Auch wenn der dritte von Katz (1957) beschrie-
+bene Eckpfeiler (i. e., wen man kennt) vor allem in Zusammenhang mit sozialen Netzwerken 
+
+Linguistik Online 73, 4/15 
+ISSN 1615-3014 
+70 
+von Bedeutung ist, so wird an dieser Stelle doch deutlich, wie wichtig der Aspekt der sozialen 
+Vernetzung auch in weitgehend anonymen Online-Communities wie die der hier untersuchten 
+Diskussionsforen für die Etablierung kommunikativ begründeter Meinungsführerschaft ist. 
+Eigentliche Ansprechpartnerinnen und -partner der Inszenierung (vgl. dazu Edelman 1976) 
+sind hierbei weniger die Interaktionspartnerinnen und -partner in der Diskussion als vielmehr 
+das Publikum, das der Auseinandersetzung beiwohnt (vgl. dazu auch Dieckmann 1981: 265–
+567) und von der Meinungshoheit rechter Gruppen überzeugt werden soll. 
+Bedenklich ist dabei, dass in der Online-Community rechter bzw. extrem rechter Meinungs-
+führerinnen und -führer kritische Kommentare und Aufrufe für mehr Toleranz vielfach nicht 
+als legitimer Diskussionsbeitrag behandelt werden, sondern zum Indiz für die ideologisch 
+motivierte Ignoranz des Gegenübers werden, die jeden weiteren Meinungsaustausch sinnlos 
+mache. Diese Strategie findet sich nicht nur in den analysierten Online-Debatten, sondern 
+wurde von offizieller Seite auch an anderer Stelle im Netz wiederholt. So lancierte im De-
+zember 2012 der Ring Freiheitlicher Jugend, der junge Arm der Freiheitlichen Partei Öster-
+reich (FPÖ), eine Online-Kampagne mit dem Titel "Links ist dumm", in der die politische 
+Gegenseite wie folgt charakterisiert wurde: 
+Links zu sein, ist in unseren Augen ein Mangel an Information, und wir gehen sogar soweit – 
+wie übrigens auch Aussteiger aus der linken Szene – zu sagen, mangelndes Nachdenken 
+führt dazu, sich links zu engagieren. Die Linke versucht nämlich nicht, ihre Ideologie der 
+Realität anzupassen, sondern sie glaubt umgekehrt, die Realität an ihre gefährliche Utopie an-
+passen zu müssen. Und hier sagen wir: Das ist dumm! 
+(RFJ 2012: n. p.; Hervorhebung Stopfner) 
+Indem dem Gegenüber die Fähigkeit zu reflektiertem Denken und argumentativer Auseinan-
+dersetzung abgesprochen wird, wird jedoch ein demokratischer Grundpfeiler zu Fall gebracht: 
+der geregelte Streitaustrag einander widerstrebender politischer Interessen (vgl. Sarcinelli 
+1990: 35). 
+ 
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+Correction: Working with the Public: How an Unusual Museum Enquiry Turned into Travels Through Time and Space
+
+This article details a correction to: Freedman, J and Evans, J 2015 Working with the Public: How an Unusual Museum Enquiry Turned into Travels Through Time and Space. Open Quaternary, 1: 8, pp. 1–14, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/oq.ah
+
+Freedman, J and Evans, J 2015 Correction: Working with the Public: How an Unusual 
+Museum Enquiry Turned into Travels Through Time and Space. Open Quaternary, 1: 9, pp. 
+1–2, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/oq.aj
+Correction
+The article ‘Working with the Public: How an unusual 
+museum enquiry turned into travels through time and 
+space’ (Freedman and Evans 2015) contains factual errors 
+about radiocarbon dating, and a radiocarbon result that 
+has not been correctly reported. 
+The second paragraph of the section ‘The Dating Game‘ 
+states that ‘This method examines the ratio of 14C to 13C, 
+which equal when an organism is alive, but 14C begins to 
+decay to 13C after death.’ This should read:
+‘This method examines the ratio of 14C to 13C, which is 
+equal when an organism is alive, but 14C begins to decay 
+to 14N after death, whereas 12C is a stable isotope and does 
+not decay.’
+The radiocarbon result reported in the abstract and 
+the section ‘Radiocarbon results’ does not represent a 
+date range of AD 1739 – 1787. This confusion arose due 
+to the measurements returned by the Radiocarbon date 
+lab being given as 187 ± 24, as shown on the table below 
+(Table 1).
+C14 measurements within the last 300 years cannot 
+be as accurate as that stated above. Radiocarbon dates 
+are calculated by knowing the half life of 14C, and know­
+ing the amount of 14C and 12C in a sample. However, 
+due to anthropogenic increase of carbon within the 
+last 300 years, the result can be precise but can have 
+several dates. This is because the additional carbon in 
+the atmosphere can give one date in one region and 
+another date in another region, so the result obtained 
+for this leopard tooth can end up with several dates. As 
+such, any dates that have a result within the last 300 
+years should be reported as that. The calibrated date 
+range for this leopard tooth is from AD 1656 to the pre­
+sent (which for radiocarbon dates is given as AD 1950). 
+These updated radiocarbon results do not affect the 
+conclusion of the paper. The results of a radiocarbon 
+date between AD 1656 and AD 1950 are still within the 
+time of Linnaeus Tripe visiting India and Burma and 
+returned back to Plymouth. With the detailed history 
+of the locality, along with the Strontium and revised 
+radiocarbon results we still conclude that Linnaeus 
+Tripe brought the tooth back from India or Burma. 
+The collaborative research carried out demonstrates 
+how scientists working with the public can empower 
+members of the public to be a key part of real scientific 
+research.
+References
+Freedman, J, and Evans, J 2015 Working with the Public: 
+How an Unusual Museum Enquiry Turned into Trav­
+els Through Time and Space. Open Quaternary, 1: 8, 
+DOI: http://doi.org/10.5334/oq.ah
+CORRECTION
+Correction: Working with the Public: How an Unusual 
+Museum Enquiry Turned into Travels Through Time and 
+Space
+Jan Freedman* and Jane Evans†
+This article details a correction to: Freedman, J and Evans, J 2015 Working with the Public: How an 
+Unusual Museum Enquiry Turned into Travels Through Time and Space. Open Quaternary, 1: 8, pp. 1–14, 
+DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/oq.ah
+*	Plymouth City Museum and Art Gallery, GB
+jan.freedman@plymouth.gov.uk
+†	NERC Isotope Geoscience Laboratory, British Geological Survey, GB 
+je@bgs.ac.uk
+Lab 
+Number
+Sample 
+Material
+C14 
+measurement
+Calibration 
+curve
+Calibration 
+software
+Calibrated 
+ranges
+OxA 30390
+Tooth 
+(Panthera paradus)
+187 ± 24
+IntCal13
+OxCal v4.2
+1656 cal AD - ... 
+(95.4% confidence)
+Table 1: radiocarbon correction data.
+
+Freedman and Evans: Correction: Working with the Public
+Art. 9, page 2 of 2  
+How to cite this article: Freedman, J and Evans, J 2015 Correction: Working with the Public: How an Unusual Museum Enquiry 
+Turned into Travels Through Time and Space. Open Quaternary, 1: 9, pp. 1–2, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/oq.aj
+Published: 23 November 2015
+Copyright: © 2015 The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons 
+Attribution 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY 3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, 
+provided the original author and source are credited. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/.
+
+                  	
+       OPEN ACCESS 
+Open Quaternary is a peer-reviewed open access journal published by Ubiquity Press.
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/b21b82fb3884db33.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/b21b82fb3884db33.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9214b5b380cd7b2fa8085ef6d3b3711e741f7923
--- /dev/null
+++ b/corpus/humanities/text/b21b82fb3884db33.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+Erratum: Quantification in experimental psychology and pragmatic epistemology: Tension between the scientific imperative and the social imperative
+
+Guyon H and Nôus C (2021) Quantification in Experimental Psychology and Pragmatic Epistemology: Tension Between the Scientific Imperative and the Social Imperative. Front. Psychol. 11:603617. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.603617The name previously presented as the second author is a fictional character, which is contrary to the authorship policies of Frontiers journals. This name has been removed, and we have placed it in the acknowledgements instead, written as: "The authors would like to acknowledge Camille Noús, a symbol of scientific collaboration."The publisher apologizes for this mistake.The original version of this article has been updated.
+
+TYPE Erratum
+PUBLISHED 08 September 2022
+DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1026974
+OPEN ACCESS
+APPROVED BY
+Frontiers Editorial Office,
+Frontiers Media SA, Switzerland
+*CORRESPONDENCE
+Frontiers Production Office
+production.office@frontiersin.org
+SPECIALTY SECTION
+This article was submitted to
+Quantitative Psychology and
+Measurement,
+a section of the journal
+Frontiers in Psychology
+RECEIVED 24 August 2022
+ACCEPTED 24 August 2022
+PUBLISHED 08 September 2022
+CITATION
+Frontiers Production Office (2022)
+Erratum: Quantification in
+experimental psychology and
+pragmatic epistemology: Tension
+between the scientific imperative and
+the social imperative.
+Front. Psychol. 13:1026974.
+doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1026974
+COPYRIGHT
+© 2022 Frontiers Production Office.
+This is an open-access article
+distributed under the terms of the
+Creative Commons Attribution License
+(CC BY). The use, distribution or
+reproduction in other forums is
+permitted, provided the original
+author(s) and the copyright owner(s)
+are credited and that the original
+publication in this journal is cited, in
+accordance with accepted academic
+practice. No use, distribution or
+reproduction is permitted which does
+not comply with these terms.
+Erratum: Quantification in
+experimental psychology and
+pragmatic epistemology:
+Tension between the scientific
+imperative and the social
+imperative
+Frontiers Production Office*
+Frontiers Media SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
+KEYWORDS
+bio-power,
+epistemology,
+measurement,
+ontology,
+pragmatism,
+quantitative
+psychology, statistical positivism
+An Erratum on
+Quantification
+in
+experimental
+psychology
+and
+pragmatic
+epistemology: Tension between the scientific imperative and the
+social imperative
+by
+Guyon,
+H.,
+and
+Nôus,
+C.
+(2021).
+Front.
+Psychol.
+11:603617.
+doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.603617
+The name previously presented as the second author is a fictional character, which is
+contrary to the authorship policies of Frontiers journals.
+This name has been removed, and we have placed it in the acknowledgments
+instead, written as: “The authors would like to acknowledge Camille Noús, a symbol of
+scientific collaboration.”
+The publisher apologizes for this mistake. The original version of this article has
+been updated.
+Publisher’s note
+All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not
+necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the
+editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that
+may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
+Frontiers in Psychology
+01
+frontiersin.org
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/bf063053bd910478.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/bf063053bd910478.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..175e477475e6980fe309fc97b5b744d8f7498f7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/corpus/humanities/text/bf063053bd910478.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,1302 @@
+Aportes para una didáctica de la escritura académica basada en géneros discursivos
+
+RESUMEN La noción bajtiniana de género discursivo como clase situada, dinámica y tipificada de textos, de amplia influencia en los estudios de la escritura en Latinoamérica, pero fuente de frecuentes confusiones, es desarrollada con distinto énfasis en aspectos lingüísticos o contextuales por las Lenguas para Fines Específicos, la Lingüística Sistémico-Funcional, los Estudios Retóricos del Género y el Interaccionismo Socio-Discursivo. Luego de ofrecer un panorama crítico sobre estas tradiciones de estudio, se proponen cinco rasgos de una didáctica basada en géneros discursivos para la enseñanza de la escritura académica en educación superior: significativa, articulada, socioconstructivista, crítica y explícita.
+
+ 
+From initial education to the Portuguese L1 classroom
+This content is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use and 
+distribution, provided the original author and source are credited.
+D.E.L.T.A., 35-2, 2019 (1-32): e2019350201
+D
+E
+L
+T
+A
+http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-460X2019350201
+Artigos/Articles
+Aportes para una didáctica de la escritura académica 
+basada en géneros discursivos
+Contribuições para uma didática da escrita acadêmica 
+baseada em gêneros discursivos
+Contributions to a genre-based academic writing pedagogy
+Federico Navarro1
+RESUMEN
+La noción bajtiniana de género discursivo como clase situada, dinámica 
+y tipifi cada de textos, de amplia infl uencia en los estudios de la escritura 
+en Latinoamérica, pero fuente de frecuentes confusiones, es desarrollada 
+con distinto énfasis en aspectos lingüísticos o contextuales por las Lenguas 
+para Fines Específi cos, la Lingüística Sistémico-Funcional, los Estudios 
+Retóricos del Género y el Interaccionismo Socio-Discursivo. Luego 
+de ofrecer un panorama crítico sobre estas tradiciones de estudio, se 
+proponen cinco rasgos de una didáctica basada en géneros discursivos 
+para la enseñanza de la escritura académica en educación superior: 
+signifi cativa, articulada, socioconstructivista, crítica y explícita.
+Palabras-clave: géneros discursivos; enseñanza de la escritura; 
+alfabetización académica; prácticas letradas.
+1. Universidad de O’Higgins. Rancagua, Región de O'Higgins - Chile. https://orcid.
+org/0000-0001-9131-3245. E-mail: federico.navarro@uoh.cl  
+
+2
+35.2
+2019
+Federico Navarro
+RESUMO
+A noção bakhtiniana de gênero discursivo como classe de textos situada, 
+dinâmica e tipifi cada, de ampla infl uência nos estudos da escrita na 
+América Latina, mas fonte de frequentes confusões, desenvolve-se com 
+diferente ênfase nos aspectos linguísticos ou contextuais nas correntes 
+teóricas: Línguas para Fins Específi cos, Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional, 
+Sociorretórica e Interacionismo Socio-discursivo. Após traçar um 
+panorama crítico sobre essas tradições de estudo, são propostas cinco 
+características para uma didática baseada em gêneros discursivos para o 
+ensino da escrita acadêmica no ensino superior: signifi cativa, articulada, 
+socioconstrutivista, crítica e explícita.
+Palavras-chave: gêneros discursivos/textuais; enseñanza de la escritura; 
+letramento acadêmico; práticas de letramento.
+ABSTRACT
+The Bajtinian notion of genre as a situated, dynamic and typifi ed class of 
+texts, widely infl uential in Latin American writing studies, but a source 
+of frequent confusions, has been developed with a linguistically or 
+contextually-oriented perspective by Languages for Specifi c Purposes, 
+Systemic-Functional Linguistics, Rhetorical Genre Studies and Socio-
+Discursive Interactionism. After a critical panorama of these traditions, 
+I offered fi ve features of a genre-based pedagogy for academic writing in 
+higher education: meaningful, articulated, socioconstructivist, critical, 
+and explicit.
+Keywords: genres; teaching writing; literacy; writing practices.
+1. Introducción2
+Durante las últimas décadas, se ha producido en Latinoamérica 
+un proceso de masifi cación del ingreso a la educación superior y de 
+2. Agradezco el fi nanciamiento otorgado por el Proyecto Basal FB0003 del Programa de 
+Investigación Asociativa de CONICYT, por los Proyectos FONDECYT Nº 11160856 y 
+1191069 y por el Plan de Mejoramiento Institucional (PMI) UCH1501 del Ministerio de 
+Educación, Chile. Además, agradezco los valiosos comentarios y sugerencias de Natalia 
+Ávila Reyes y Désirée Motta-Roth a los borradores previos a esta versión, así como el 
+apoyo e impulso de Adrian Vergara Heidke para escribirlo. Por último, agradezco a Walter 
+Koza, lingüista y dibujante, que elaboró el gráfi co que sintetiza mi propuesta.
+
+ 
+Aportes para una didáctica de la escritura académica basada en géneros discursivos
+3
+35.2
+2019
+expansión de los sistemas universitarios, junto con políticas públicas 
+que intentan reducir inequidades y ampliar oportunidades para los 
+nuevos perfi les estudiantiles (Chiroleu; Marquina 2017). En este 
+contexto, se han multiplicado las iniciativas de enseñanza de la lectura 
+y la escritura en el grado y posgrado universitarios (Carlino 2013), 
+conjuntamente con la creación y expansión de programas y unidades de 
+apoyo a los aprendizajes. A su vez, durante el mismo período, se puede 
+identifi car un crecimiento sostenido del interés por investigar la lectura, 
+la escritura y la oralidad en educación superior y la conformación de 
+un espacio disciplinar propio en la región (Navarro et al. 2016). 
+Un objeto de investigación y de enseñanza clave para estas 
+iniciativas está constituido por las clases tipifi cadas de textos, o géneros 
+discursivos, que circulan en el ámbito de la educación superior. Sin 
+embargo, muchas de estas iniciativas muestran teorías implícitas 
+heterogéneas sobre los géneros discursivos, esto es, “ciertos principios 
+o supuestos básicos que, por su carácter implícito, suelen organizar 
+nuestras acciones o decisiones sobre el aprendizaje y la enseñanza, y 
+subyacer a ellas” (Pozo et al. 2006:95-96), en este caso respecto de 
+qué son las clases tipifi cadas de textos académicos, cómo se enseñan y 
+cómo se aprenden. De hecho, esas teorías implícitas sobre los géneros 
+discursivos en ocasiones resultan contradictorias con las referencias 
+teóricas explícitamente mencionadas o combinan conceptos y 
+tradiciones teóricamente diferenciadas. A su vez, es poco frecuente que 
+se problematicen las diferentes formas de entender teóricamente ciertos 
+conceptos y que se citen de forma conjunta autores que pertenecen a 
+tradiciones y marcos teórico-metodológicos diferentes. 
+Para ilustrar algunas de estas afi rmaciones, basta con hojear el 
+volumen tres, dedicado a educación superior, de las Actas del VII 
+Congreso Internacional de la Cátedra UNESCO para el mejoramiento 
+de la calidad y la equidad de la educación en América Latina con base 
+en la lectura y la escritura (Muse 2015). Esta publicación, representativa 
+de los aportes de expertos de la región y mediada por un proceso de 
+evaluación por pares, presenta un total de 293 ocurrencias del término 
+“género” asociado a diferentes modifi cadores como “discursivo”, 
+“textual”, “escolar”, “académico”, “científico”, “disciplinar”, 
+“especializado”, “experto”, “de formación” o “profesional”. Este primer 
+dato da indicios sobre la predominancia del concepto. Sin embargo, 
+
+4
+35.2
+2019
+Federico Navarro
+al observar de cerca las defi niciones explícitas o las teorías implícitas 
+asociadas al concepto, se puede identifi car una fuerte heterogeneidad 
+teórica, pocas veces tematizada y discutida, e incluso una yuxtaposición 
+de conceptos y autores teóricamente diversos. Así, por ejemplo, 
+las formulaciones “géneros o tipos textuales académicos” (p. 90) y 
+“tipologías o géneros primarios” (p. 163) combinan acríticamente una 
+concepción situada y dinámica de clases tipifi cadas de textos con otra 
+descontextualizada y de carácter tipológico (ver más adelante). 
+La presencia de teorías implícitas heterogéneas o contradictorias, 
+no solo acotadas a la noción de “géneros discursivos”, puede deberse 
+a diversos motivos. Primero, los estudios de la escritura en educación 
+superior constituyen una disciplina novedosa en la que confl uyen 
+disciplinas madre y tradiciones teóricas diversas: por un lado, una 
+tradición de estudios vinculada a la educación, la pedagogía y la 
+psicología que aborda la escritura académica como proceso de enseñanza 
+y aprendizaje, y, por el otro, una tradición de estudios vinculada a la 
+lingüística que prioriza el análisis de los textos académicos en virtud 
+de sus rasgos y patrones discursivos (Ávila Reyes 2017). Segundo, 
+es posible que en ocasiones predomine la oportunidad de desarrollar 
+propuestas docentes e investigaciones y de movilizar la disciplina, 
+más allá del ajuste y solidez teóricos de los aportes. No es extraño, 
+además, que las frecuentes narrativas de la “crisis de la lectura y la 
+escritura” (Russell 2002 [1991]), comunes no solo en los medios de 
+comunicación masiva3 sino también hacia adentro de la disciplina, 
+justifi quen la necesidad de aportar soluciones urgentes por sobre la 
+posibilidad de desarrollar teorías que las sustenten.
+Frente a este panorama, considero que los estudios latinoamericanos 
+de la escritura en educación superior se encuentran en un momento 
+histórico de sufi ciente madurez como para incentivar las discusiones 
+teóricas y metodológicas que respalden sus afirmaciones y 
+posicionamientos, justifiquen su inscripción en tradiciones y 
+disciplinas, y sustenten sus hallazgos y evidencias empíricas. Aunque 
+las elaboraciones teóricas propias son aún tímidas e incipientes, en los 
+3. Por ejemplo, la nota con título “Alarma la cantidad de universitarios que no entienden 
+lo que leen”, publicada en el diario argentino de cobertura nacional INFOBAE el 23 de 
+noviembre de 2012 (disponible en http://www.infobae.com/2012/11/23/682988-alarma-
+la-cantidad-universitarios-que-no-entienden-lo-que-leen/; consultado el 05/07/16).
+
+ 
+Aportes para una didáctica de la escritura académica basada en géneros discursivos
+5
+35.2
+2019
+últimos años han aparecido propuestas teóricas y pedagógicas con base 
+en la noción de género discursivo (ver, por ejemplo, Abreu-Tardelli; 
+Aranha 2017, Moyano 2017, Venegas; Núñez; Zamora; Santana 2015). 
+Con la intención de hacer aportes a esta discusión, en este trabajo me 
+propongo llevar a cabo una revisión bibliográfi ca selectiva, crítica y 
+actualizada de las concepciones de género discursivo que considero 
+más relevantes para estudiar y enseñar lectura, escritura y oralidad 
+académicas, en particular en el marco del sistema de educación superior. 
+A partir de esta revisión, busco construir una propuesta de didáctica 
+de la escritura académica basada en géneros discursivos que pueda 
+funcionar como marco teórico para diferentes iniciativas de enseñanza 
+e investigación en diálogo con desarrollos previos en Latinoamérica 
+y otras regiones.
+2. Prácticas letradas académicas y culturas disciplinares
+Las prácticas letradas (o literacidades) académicas (Lillis; Scott 
+2007, Lea; Street 2006) engloban las actividades de lectura, escritura 
+y oralidad propias de las diferentes carreras y etapas de formación en 
+educación superior. Un enfoque de prácticas o literacidades supone, 
+por un lado, un interés por las determinaciones culturales de la lectura 
+y la escritura, en contraposición a un enfoque centrado en aspectos 
+lingüísticos o en aspectos cognitivos. Interesa, por ejemplo, mostrar 
+críticamente las tensiones entre las prácticas letradas académicas y otras 
+prácticas vernáculas en el proceso de desarrollo y enculturación (Prior; 
+Bilbro 2011) de los estudiantes como escritores académicos en cierta 
+comunidad disciplinar (Lillis 2001). Por el otro, las prácticas letradas 
+se interesan por las variaciones situadas (personales, situacionales, 
+sociales) de esas prácticas, a diferencia de un enfoque más interesado 
+en las generalizaciones o las prescripciones sobre lectura y escritura. 
+En palabras de Lillis y Scott, “lo que distingue a aquellos que pueden 
+caracterizarse como exponentes de un enfoque de ‘literacidades 
+académicas’ es el grado en que privilegian a las prácticas por sobre 
+los textos” (2007:10, mi traducción). 
+La centralidad de la noción de práctica social supone, a su vez, una 
+noción de aprendizaje como proceso complejo, situado, en constante 
+construcción y negociación activa, con intervención de factores de 
+
+6
+35.2
+2019
+Federico Navarro
+identidad, ideológicos y de poder, y con interacción de sistemas 
+semióticos, de actividad y de valores diversos, entre ellos la escritura. 
+Según Zavala, “la gente aprende en la práctica, pero no en el sentido de 
+una ejercitación mecánica, sino en el de actividades que se desarrollan 
+en el mundo y a través de las cuales se forjan identidades y membresías 
+en colectividades” (2011:56). 
+La complejidad de las prácticas letradas académicas radica en 
+que las carreras son espacios multidisciplinarios, atravesados por 
+diversas tradiciones, formaciones, marcos epistemológicos y sus 
+correspondientes formas de comunicar. A su vez, las prácticas letradas 
+académicas incluyen implícitos, desacuerdos y confusiones respecto de 
+cuáles son las formas esperadas de comunicar. De esta manera, resulta 
+poco claro cómo son las prácticas letradas académicas tanto para el 
+estudiante como para la comunidad de aprendizaje y las instituciones 
+de referencia. Desde una perspectiva crítica, estos desacuerdos e 
+implícitos también responden a una naturalización y reproducción de 
+ciertas prácticas de comunicación -que en realidad no son más que 
+confi guraciones sociohistóricas particulares, cambiantes y en disputa- 
+frente a otras formas de comunicación consideradas defi citarias o 
+inapropiadas (Zavala 2011).
+Cabe destacar, sin embargo, que un enfoque de prácticas letradas 
+académicas puede, y creo que debe, integrar dimensiones textuales 
+y lingüísticas, y habilitar la construcción de modelos abstractos y 
+estratégicos para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la lectura, escritura 
+y oralidad académicas. La visión crítica sobre los procesos de 
+reproducción de formas de comunicación hegemónicas naturalizadas, 
+y su carácter expulsivo y elitista, no necesariamente debe descuidar 
+la construcción de conocimientos y materiales para la formación de 
+escritores académicos y para desarrollar sus habilidades estratégicas 
+y críticas de comunicación letrada. A su vez, el interés por enfoques 
+etnográfi cos de estudio y explicación de fenómenos en entornos 
+académicos no debería olvidar la necesidad de incluir explicaciones 
+de base gramatical y discursiva, e incluso ofrecer generalizaciones 
+pedagógicamente potentes, como por ejemplo el modelo CARS para 
+la escritura de introducciones a artículos de investigación (Swales 
+1990, 2004). La noción de género discursivo, con su integración de 
+dimensiones textuales y contextuales, parece un camino válido para 
+
+ 
+Aportes para una didáctica de la escritura académica basada en géneros discursivos
+7
+35.2
+2019
+articular lo personal, lo situacional, lo cultural, lo discursivo y lo léxico-
+gramatical, como se verá en la siguiente sección. 
+3. Géneros discursivos: perspectivas y defi niciones
+3.1. Mijaíl Bajtín
+Un concepto técnico fundamental para describir, enseñar y 
+aprender las regularidades, tipifi caciones y expectativas sobre las 
+prácticas letradas académicas es el de género discursivo. A partir de las 
+refl exiones pioneras de Mijaíl Bajtín (2005 [1982, 1979]), conocidas 
+en Occidente desde los años 80, se entiende que las esferas sociales de 
+la comunicación humana poseen clases más o menos estables de textos 
+orales y escritos (y, diremos hoy, multimodales). Estas clases, que Bajtín 
+denomina géneros discursivos, se corresponden en mayor o menor 
+medida con los textos singulares (o enunciados) que producen los 
+sujetos que pertenecen a esas esferas sociales. Los géneros discursivos 
+se organizan teleológicamente, es decir, a través de objetivos que 
+buscan llevar a cabo acciones sociales y comunicativas; cuentan con 
+estructuras en mayor o menor medida fl exibles que materializan esos 
+objetivos; abordan ciertas temáticas y evitan otras; y utilizan ciertos 
+recursos léxicos y gramaticales típicos. En su clásica defi nición, Bajtín 
+propone que:
+El uso de la lengua se lleva a cabo en forma de enunciados (orales y 
+escritos) concretos y singulares que pertenecen a los participantes de una u 
+otra esfera de la praxis humana. Estos enunciados refl ejan las condiciones 
+específi cas y el objeto de cada una de las esferas no sólo por su contenido 
+(temático) y por su estilo verbal, o sea por la selección de los recursos 
+léxicos, fraseológicos y gramaticales de la lengua, sino, ante todo, por su 
+composición o estructuración. Los tres momentos mencionados -el contenido 
+temático, el estilo y la composición- están vinculados indisolublemente en 
+la totalidad del enunciado y se determinan, de un modo semejante, por la 
+especifi cidad de una esfera dada de comunicación. Cada enunciado separado 
+es, por supuesto, individual, pero cada esfera del uso de la lengua elabora 
+sus tipos relativamente estables de enunciados, a los que denominamos 
+géneros discursivos.
+La riqueza y diversidad de los géneros discursivos es inmensa, porque las 
+posibilidades de la actividad humana son inagotables y porque en cada 
+
+8
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+esfera de la praxis existe todo un repertorio de géneros discursivos que se 
+diferencia y crece a medida que se desarrolla y se complica la esfera misma 
+(Bajtín 2005 [1982, 1979]:248).
+No es difícil ver por qué esta defi nición de Bajtín ha tenido tanta 
+repercusión en autores posteriores de tradiciones diversas. Primero, 
+pone el foco en la existencia de repertorios de clases tipifi cadas de 
+textos o enunciados en cada esfera social, lo cual valida y habilita -en 
+un giro casi copernicano- el estudio de las formas de comunicación poco 
+visibles hasta ese momento para las tradiciones centradas en los géneros 
+literarios escritos. Segundo, explica que esas esferas no son estáticas ni 
+simples, sino que incluyen variaciones sociales, históricas, situacionales 
+y de modo (oralidad y escritura). Tercero, propone una concepción 
+de géneros discursivos como entidades más o menos estables, o de 
+estabilidad relativa, en tensión entre la repetición y la creatividad o 
+cambio, a la vez que en tensión entre el texto individual y concreto 
+que se produce y la clase de texto con la que se asocia. Cuarto, vincula 
+los textos con los contextos de producción y plantea que las acciones 
+sociales están vinculadas a los patrones comunicativos, es decir, los 
+géneros son en realidad entidades sociodiscursivas. Quinto, el aspecto 
+lingüístico-discursivo que prioriza son los objetivos comunicativos 
+y la estructura textual que los materializa y organiza, frente a otros 
+criterios como la norma, el léxico, la gramática o los contenidos, si 
+bien estos últimos elementos también están presentes. En suma, la 
+defi nición bajtiniana de géneros discursivos es sociohistóricamente 
+situada, sociodiscursivamente orientada, teleológica, estructurada, 
+comunicativa y dinámica. 
+En el siguiente gráfi co se resumen los rasgos identifi cados por 
+Bajtín tanto para el contexto como para el género discursivo, desde 
+la dimensión más general (contexto cultural) hasta la más particular 
+(léxico y gramática). Como puede apreciarse, el género y la esfera social 
+a la que pertenece están mutuamente vinculados y condicionados; al 
+mismo tiempo, los objetivos comunicativos que persigue el género 
+tienen un doble anclaje, tanto contextual como discursivo.
+
+ 
+Aportes para una didáctica de la escritura académica basada en géneros discursivos
+9
+35.2
+2019
+Gráfico 1 – Género discursivo y esfera social según Bajtín (elaboración 
+propia).
+3.2. Lenguas para Fines Específi cos
+De forma más contemporánea, los Estudios de Lenguas para Fines 
+Específi cos, en particular orientados a la enseñanza de inglés científi co-
+académico a hablantes de inglés como segunda lengua, han adoptado y 
+especifi cado las refl exiones de Bajtín. John Swales, una de sus fi guras 
+más reconocidas, propone la siguiente defi nición:
+Un género discursivo engloba una clase de eventos comunicativos, cuyos 
+miembros comparten un conjunto de propósitos comunicativos. Estos 
+propósitos son reconocidos por los miembros expertos de la comunidad 
+discursiva de pertenencia, y por tanto constituyen la lógica del género. Esta 
+lógica da forma a la estructura esquemática del texto e incluye y restringe 
+las opciones de contenido y estilo (Swales, 1990:58; mi traducción).
+Esta defi nición se centra, al igual que la propuesta de Bajtín, 
+en una perspectiva teleológica del género discursivo. Los objetivos 
+o propósitos comunicativos son centrales y organizan los demás 
+
+10
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+2019
+Federico Navarro
+rasgos, tales como la estructura esquemática, los contenidos y los 
+rasgos de estilo (léxico y gramática). A su vez, se señala que esos 
+objetivos no están aislados del contexto, sino que se fundamentan en 
+el reconocimiento de la comunidad que los utiliza. En este sentido, es 
+frecuente que las investigaciones y materiales didácticos ofrecidos por 
+Swales apelen a opiniones e informaciones provistas por miembros de 
+las comunidades de uso.
+Por otro lado, esta defi nición es pedagógicamente operativa para 
+la enseñanza de géneros académicos y ha tenido una amplia y exitosa 
+circulación dentro de la Lingüística Aplicada entendida en sentido 
+amplio, porque el énfasis en los objetivos fomenta aprendizajes y textos 
+signifi cativos y adecuados al contexto y porque focaliza la estabilidad, el 
+acuerdo y la convención en tanto esquematización con fi nes didácticos 
+de lo que realmente sucede, más complejo y heteróclito. De hecho, a 
+partir de esta defi nición, Swales ha publicado diversos trabajos en los 
+que caracteriza y enseña el sistema de géneros académicos (como el 
+artículo de investigación) y géneros ocultos de soporte (como la carta 
+de envío de artículos), con frecuencia ejercitando aspectos de estructura, 
+formulaciones típicas y gramática (Feak; Swales 2009). Sin embargo, 
+cabe agregar que esta clásica defi nición de Swales fue posteriormente 
+revisada y relativizada por el propio autor (así como revisó su noción 
+estática y monolítica de “comunidad discursiva”), criticando los 
+mismos argumentos que la potenciaron: simplifi ca el carácter dinámico, 
+creativo y situado de los géneros discursivos (Swales 2004). 
+La noción de estructura retórica de Swales es especifi cada como 
+un conjunto de movidas retóricas que se organiza en una jerarquía y 
+secuencia dadas, con carácter obligatorio u optativo, y que caracterizan 
+a los diferentes géneros académicos (Swales 2004). Las movidas son, 
+entonces, los objetivos o propósitos comunicativos textualizados 
+con cierta disposición y arquitectura, y en ocasiones especifi cados 
+en subpropósitos comunicativos o pasos. Las movidas y los pasos 
+se caracterizan por presentar ciertos rasgos temáticos, semánticos y 
+léxico-gramaticales.
+A pesar de estos aportes y fortalezas, la noción de género de los 
+estudios de Lenguas para Fines Específi cos en ocasiones no logra 
+ofrecer investigaciones sistemáticas sobre las condiciones personales, 
+
+ 
+Aportes para una didáctica de la escritura académica basada en géneros discursivos
+11
+35.2
+2019
+situacionales y sociales de los textos que caracteriza. Las motivaciones, 
+en ocasiones fruto de luchas y disputas, que orientan o explican los 
+escritos son pasadas por alto u ofrecidas de forma anecdótica, en 
+favor de sistematizaciones y abstracciones orientadas textualmente. 
+Se puede perder así una mirada crítica, diversa y contextualizada 
+sobre las prácticas letradas en las que participan los actores del mundo 
+académico.
+3.3. Lingüística Sistémico-Funcional
+Otra perspectiva que adopta y profundiza las refl exiones bajtinianas 
+es la Lingüística Sistémico-Funcional. Originalmente desarrollada en 
+Inglaterra en los años 60, buscó desarrollar una gramática funcional, 
+organizada en opciones sistémicas, que permitiera entender la lógica 
+orientada comunicativamente de la lengua y que sustentara, por 
+ejemplo, la enseñanza de primeras y segundas lenguas. A partir de 
+los años 80, dentro de la llamada Escuela de Sydney y su interés por 
+la alfabetización en lengua materna en la educación básica y media, 
+en ocasiones con interés por estudiantes multilingües y de sectores 
+vulnerables, esta perspectiva modifi có la propuesta de Batjín en la 
+siguiente defi nición: 
+Como defi nición operativa hemos caracterizado a los géneros discursivos 
+como procesos sociales organizados y orientados a fi nes. Organizados 
+porque usualmente nos lleva más de un paso conseguir nuestros objetivos; 
+orientados a fi nes porque nos sentimos frustrados si no cumplimos con los 
+pasos fi nales [...]; sociales porque los escritores dan forma a sus textos para 
+lectores de ciertos tipos.
+En términos lingüístico-funcionales, esto signifi ca que los géneros discursivos 
+se defi nen como una confi guración recurrente de signifi cados y que estas 
+confi guraciones recurrentes de signifi cado representan las prácticas sociales 
+de una cultura dada (Martin; Rose 2008:6; mi traducción).
+Esta definición vincula íntimamente los significados que 
+los hablantes ponen en juego y las prácticas sociales donde se 
+producen esos signifi cados; por este motivo, el género discursivo 
+se identifi ca tanto con el contexto como con el sistema lingüístico. 
+Metodológicamente, sin embargo, son los ejemplares textuales lo que 
+
+12
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+Federico Navarro
+permiten acceder a las prácticas sociales subyacentes, y no al revés. 
+Desde esta perspectiva, los aspectos vinculados con el reconocimiento 
+individual y social son postergados a un segundo plano. Además, el rol 
+de la estructura esquemática no es central, posiblemente porque muchas 
+de las investigaciones se centran en géneros escolares de educación 
+primaria en los que la estructura es más bien sencilla. De hecho, la teoría 
+propone que los géneros discursivos (como informes, explicaciones, 
+procedimientos, argumentaciones y narraciones, entre otros) suelen 
+tener media página a una página de extensión, y que pueden combinarse 
+en clases de textos más extensos, denominados macrogéneros (Martin; 
+Rose 2008). Así, incluso en su extensión, la categoría de género se 
+asocia a clases de textos breves, fi nitas y tipologizables (ver Tabla 2 
+más adelante).
+Quizás por su origen como teoría gramatical y por su fuerte apuesta 
+por las explicaciones de base lingüística, la Lingüística Sistémico-
+Funcional en ocasiones se ha resistido a una verdadera integración 
+de componentes contextuales, así como a una sistematización de las 
+clases de textos que incluyera la diversidad e indeterminación como 
+un factor central. Martin (2013), por ejemplo, identifi ca a los estudios 
+etnográfi cos, a la teoría de los sistemas de actividad y a los paradigmas 
+cognitivos como una “amenaza” para la Lingüística Sistémico-
+Funcional, que supuestamente construiría explicaciones contextuales 
+solo a partir del relevo textual. A su vez, la teoría busca ofrecer 
+sistemas completos de conjuntos acotados de géneros discursivos 
+para ciertos contextos, como por ejemplo la escuela primaria (Martin; 
+Rose 2008), muy cerca de una perspectiva tipológica. Por último, la 
+falta de diálogo explícito con otras teorías y tradiciones (Pragmática, 
+Retórica, Lenguas para Fines Específi cos, Teoría de la Enunciación) 
+y la enorme complejidad de su constructo teórico en ocasiones aíslan 
+sus ricos aportes. 
+3.4. Estudios Retóricos del Género
+Dentro de los Estudios Retóricos del Género estadounidenses, el 
+foco de la defi nición se coloca mucho más en las acciones sociales y en 
+las percepciones, expectativas y experiencias de los usuarios y grupos 
+de usuarios que en los rasgos específi camente semánticos y léxico-
+
+ 
+Aportes para una didáctica de la escritura académica basada en géneros discursivos
+13
+35.2
+2019
+gramaticales de los textos. Esta perspectiva, orientada a la enseñanza 
+de lectura y escritura en lengua materna en educación superior, también 
+recibe en los años 80 el impacto de la obra de Bajtín. Bazerman, por 
+ejemplo, propone la siguiente refl exión:
+Podemos alcanzar una mayor comprensión de los géneros si los entendemos 
+como fenómenos de reconocimiento psicosocial que son parte de los procesos 
+de las actividades socialmente organizadas. Los géneros sólo son los tipos 
+que los individuos reconocen como los utilizados por ellos mismos y por 
+los demás. Los géneros son lo que nosotros creemos que son. Es decir, son 
+hechos sociales acerca de los tipos de actos de habla que la gente puede hacer 
+y la forma en que pueden hacerlos. Los géneros surgen dentro de procesos 
+sociales de gente que trata de entenderse entre sí lo sufi ciente para coordinar 
+actividades y compartir signifi cados por propósitos prácticos. Los géneros 
+tipifi can muchas cosas más allá de la forma textual. Son parte de la manera 
+en que los seres humanos dan forma a su actividad social (Bazerman 2012 
+[2003]:133). 
+Como puede apreciarse, esta defi nición pierde en especifi cidad 
+léxico-gramatical lo que gana en atención a las percepciones de los 
+usuarios y grupos sociales sobre las acciones sociales sistemáticas 
+que llevan a cabo y al dinamismo que caracteriza esas percepciones. 
+Esta perspectiva es de invaluable impacto pedagógico, ya que una 
+concepción de género como acción social hace que “para el estudiante, 
+los géneros discursivos sirvan como guías para entender cómo 
+participar en las acciones de una comunidad” (Miller 1994 [1984]:39; 
+mi traducción).
+En suma, la riqueza de una mirada socio-psicológica del género 
+discursivo y de sus múltiples variaciones personales (afectivas, 
+estilísticas), situacionales (retóricas, estratégicas) y sociales (históricas, 
+culturales), se empobrece a veces por la falta de una base léxico-
+gramatical compleja y actualizada que explique la realización textual 
+de las opciones de los escritores. Por este motivo, es poco frecuente 
+que esta línea ofrezca descripciones textuales de los rasgos de géneros 
+discursivos. Es probable que la procedencia disciplinar de muchos de 
+los exponentes de esta corriente, vinculada a los estudios literarios 
+y la educación, expliquen la menor atención a teorías lingüísticas 
+y gramaticales de base. De hecho, algunos autores pertenecientes a 
+esta tradición advierten sobre el peligro de que la enseñanza explícita 
+
+14
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+2019
+Federico Navarro
+de géneros puntuales derive en prescripciones y recetas de escritura 
+descontextualizada, así como en amenazas a la agencia, creatividad, 
+identidad y posición de los estudiantes. Por el contrario, se sugiere 
+poner el foco en la enseñanza y desarrollo de una conciencia crítica de 
+género en los estudiantes que les permita reconocer, entender, negociar 
+y ajustarse a dimensiones sociales, situacionales y retóricas (es decir, 
+al contexto) de géneros discursivos que el profesor puede no anticipar 
+ni, en muchos casos, conocer del todo (Devitt 2009). 
+3.5. Interaccionismo Socio-Discursivo
+Un enfoque alternativo, de amplia divulgación en Latinoamérica 
+(particularmente en Argentina y Brasil), es el Interaccionismo Socio-
+Discursivo. Este enfoque se nutre de tradiciones francófonas y tiene base 
+psicológica y un interés especial por los procesos socio-psicológicos 
+de aprendizaje de la lengua en las etapas iniciales de escolarización. 
+Según Jean-Paul Bronckart, su más conocido referente y discípulo 
+crítico de Piaget:
+Los géneros de textos son el producto de confi guraciones de elección entre 
+algunas posibilidades momentáneamente “cristalizadas” o estabilizadas por 
+el uso. Estas elecciones devienen del trabajo realizado por las formaciones 
+socioverbales para que los textos se adapten a las actividades que comentan, 
+a un medio comunicativo dado y sean efi caces frente a ciertas implicaciones 
+sociales, etc.
+[...] Los géneros, como configuraciones posibles de los mecanismos 
+estructurantes de la textualidad, afectadas por las indexaciones sociales, 
+constituyen, como lo afi rmaba Bajtín (1984, p. 285), los marcos obligados 
+para cualquier producción verbal (Bronckart 2007 [2004]:79-80).
+Bronckart -que opta por la denominación “géneros de texto” en 
+lugar de “géneros discursivos”4- sigue a Bajtín al considerar que los 
+géneros sirven como marcos en referencia con los cuales se entienden 
+las situaciones comunicativas particulares. El uso social de la lengua 
+4. Esto se debe a que “discurso” refi ere a una entidad abstracta y, por tanto, los géneros 
+“discursivos” corresponderían a clasifi caciones tipológicas. En contraste, Bronckart 
+considera, con Voloshinov, que los géneros son entidades reales y, por tanto, dan cuenta 
+de los textos-ocurrencia.
+
+ 
+Aportes para una didáctica de la escritura académica basada en géneros discursivos
+15
+35.2
+2019
+determina los rasgos de los géneros, al tiempo que los modifi ca. Este 
+enfoque enfatiza el vínculo entre las elecciones lingüísticas de los 
+hablantes y las actividades sociales en las que participan; los géneros 
+se “indexan socialmente” al reconocerse por la comunidad como 
+pertinentes o adaptados a las situaciones comunicativas en las que 
+aparecen. Sin embargo, la confl uencia de factores sociales e individuales 
+en situaciones particulares enmarcadas en contextos sociales e históricos 
+diversos hace que este enfoque complejice especialmente el vínculo 
+entre la “organización textual” y la acción llevada a cabo; por este 
+motivo, “no existe (o sólo existe excepcionalmente) correspondencia 
+biunívoca entre una acción verbal (narrar, argumentar, describir, etc.) 
+y una clase de texto” (Bronckart 2007 [2004]:74)5.
+Puede señalarse como una debilidad del Interaccionismo Socio-
+Discursivo cierto carácter críptico de su propuesta, con un complejo 
+constructo teórico y términos técnicos que pueden difi cultar el diálogo 
+y la articulación con otras teorías y perspectivas. A su vez, dado que su 
+interés radica en desarrollar una pedagogía escolar de la lengua materna 
+de tipo inductiva en la educación básica, ofrecen pocos desarrollos 
+enfocados en la didáctica de la escritura en educación superior.
+En suma, a partir del punto de partida bajtiniano y del recorrido 
+por cuatro tradiciones posteriores de estudio, podemos plantear una 
+defi nición operativa de géneros discursivos:
+Los géneros discursivos son clases recurrentes y tipifi cadas de textos, más o 
+menos estables, pertenecientes a distintas esferas sociales, que sufren cambios 
+sociales e históricos, que son reconocidos por las comunidades de uso, y que 
+se caracterizan por los objetivos comunicativos que persiguen, vinculados 
+a las necesidades de esas esferas sociales, y por los temas que abordan, 
+su estructuración y desarrollo temático, y su manifestación multimodal, 
+discursiva, gramatical y léxica. 
+5. A su vez, Bronckart propone que existen “niveles de textualidad”, unos encastrados en 
+otros. Así, en un nivel inferior a los géneros textuales se ubica una tipología de elementos 
+limitados en número y compuestos por unidades lingüísticas más básicas (morfosintáticas): 
+los tipos de discurso, tales como el discurso interactivo, narrativo o teórico (Bronckart 
+2007 [2006]: 27); ver “tipos textuales” en Tabla 2 más adelante. Esta propuesta, por tanto, 
+incluye elementos de la tradición más tipológica, de amplia infl uencia en la Europa fran-
+cófona, y de tradicional interés en los niveles escolares iniciales, como también sucede 
+con la Lingüística Sistémico-Funcional.
+
+16
+35.2
+2019
+Federico Navarro
+A partir de este punto de partida común, algunos enfoques enfatizan 
+los patrones discursivos y las opciones lingüísticas disponibles, en tanto 
+marcas del contexto cultural y situacional, mientras que otros ponen el 
+foco en el contexto cultural, la situación retórica y la percepción y uso 
+individual a los cuales se ajustan los patrones discursivos.
+Los enfoques explorados aquí -algunos de ellos identifi cados hace 
+dos décadas por Hyon (1996) y Freedman y Medway (1994)- han tenido 
+una amplia infl uencia en Latinoamérica (ver por ejemplo Motta-Roth 
+2008, Motta-Roth; Heberle 2015). Son citados con frecuencia en las 
+investigaciones y materiales didácticos existentes y algunas de sus 
+máximas fi guras participan en ocasiones en conferencias plenarias y 
+otras actividades de la región. A su vez, resulta interesante destacar 
+que suelen ser citados de forma conjunta6, en general sin explicitar 
+sus diferencias y tensiones. Esta forma de lectura de las tradiciones de 
+infl uencia contrasta con lo que sucede en sus lugares de origen, donde 
+estos enfoques responden a disciplinas, lenguas, espacios institucionales 
+(Departamentos y Facultades) y espacios de circulación e intercambio 
+(revistas, editoriales, eventos científi cos) más bien diferenciados e 
+incluso en disputa. 
+4. Distinciones dentro de los géneros discursivos
+Las defi niciones previas presuponen que los géneros discursivos 
+no circulan de forma aislada entre sí, sino que, por el contrario, se 
+organizan y agrupan de diferentes maneras, se vinculan en ámbitos 
+comunes y comparten conjuntos de objetivos y de rasgos discursivos. 
+Para avanzar en la comprensión de las relaciones entre géneros, revisaré 
+un conjunto de nociones que pueden resultar útiles para la enseñanza 
+de la escritura académica. 
+Primero, dentro de la enorme diversidad de clases tipifi cadas 
+de textos existentes, la noción de red de géneros (genre networks) 
+permite sistematizar su organización en grupos según sus ámbitos 
+generales de pertenencia. Esta noción adopta otras terminologías en 
+6. En una investigación colectiva reciente, que indagó revistas científi cas de Argentina, 
+Brasil, Chile y Colombia, se halló que la mayoría de los artículos (39,5%) opta por una 
+orientación teórica mixta (Navarro et al. 2016).
+
+ 
+Aportes para una didáctica de la escritura académica basada en géneros discursivos
+17
+35.2
+2019
+otras tradiciones, por ejemplo familia de géneros en la Lingüística 
+Sistémico-Funcional (Martin; Rose 2008). Así, por ejemplo, los géneros 
+científi co-académicos constituyen la red de formas textuales tipifi cadas 
+correspondiente a la esfera de la educación superior y la investigación 
+científi ca (Swales 2004). 
+Segundo, estas redes - poco estables y fl uidas - muestran una 
+jerarquía valorativa diferenciada respecto de la importancia de los 
+géneros discursivos incluidos, en particular cuando se compara un 
+ámbito con otro y sus redes respectivas. Esta distinción es especialmente 
+relevante para la enseñanza, curricularización y evaluación de la escritura 
+científi co-académica. Así, por ejemplo, el libro científi co recibe una 
+valoración diferente en las ciencias sociales y humanas, donde ocupa 
+un lugar jerárquico central y de hecho existe el género reseña de libros 
+para dar cuenta de él, y en las ciencias exactas y naturales y en las 
+ingenierías, en las que ocupa un lugar de menor importancia como 
+espacio de construcción y negociación del conocimiento científi co y 
+suele restringirse a un objetivo pedagógico o normativo (por ejemplo, 
+en manuales o protocolos).
+Tercero, los grupos de géneros pueden entenderse como conjunto 
+o grupo [set]. Se trata de una visión alternativa a la de red porque en 
+lugar de proponer como principio organizador el ámbito de circulación, 
+el foco se coloca en el usuario y los géneros que debe manejar (Swales 
+2004). Según Bazerman, “un grupo de géneros es la colección de tipos 
+de textos que alguien en un rol particular probablemente produzca” 
+(2012 [2004]:134).
+Cuarto, los géneros discursivos pueden organizarse en una cadena 
+[chain], cronológicamente ordenada, en los casos en que unos deben 
+preceder a otros para que se realice la actividad sociodiscursiva en 
+cuestión (Swales 2004). Por ejemplo, el género ponencia requiere 
+previamente el envío del género resumen de ponencia a un comité de 
+evaluación de pares expertos. Este resumen debe ser lo sufi cientemente 
+extenso, sólido y claro como para ser aceptado o aceptado con enmiendas 
+y pasar al siguiente eslabón de la cadena, la presentación oral de la 
+ponencia. Por último, si esa ponencia oral fuera a publicarse en las actas 
+o memoria del evento científi co, debe elaborarse la ponencia escrita; 
+este eslabón del género es en ocasiones solicitado de forma anticipada 
+
+18
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+Federico Navarro
+a la presentación oral, mientras que en otros casos es posterior porque 
+se espera que incorpore las sugerencias y discusiones generadas en la 
+interacción con el público. 
+Por otro lado, la enseñanza de la escritura científi co-académica 
+requiere sostener una distinción explícita entre dos ámbitos, dos 
+objetivos socio-discursivos generales y dos redes de géneros asociadas 
+a unos y otros ámbitos y objetivos. Se trata de la distinción entre los 
+géneros expertos y los géneros de formación, también denominados 
+géneros estudiantiles (Nesi; Gardner 2012) o géneros epistémicos, 
+artefactos creados por los profesores para mediar aprendizajes (Dias; 
+Freedman; Medway; Paré 1999). Los géneros expertos tienen como 
+objetivo la construcción, comunicación y negociación del conocimiento 
+entre los miembros expertos de las culturas disciplinares; como 
+ejemplos pueden mencionarse el artículo de investigación, el capítulo 
+de libro científi co o la ponencia. Por su parte, los géneros de formación 
+buscan la enseñanza, aprendizaje y evaluación del conocimiento de los 
+miembros novatos que ingresan a esas mismas culturas, por lo general 
+en los espacios institucionalizados de las carreras en educación superior; 
+como ejemplos pueden mencionarse el examen, la monografía o la 
+tesis (Navarro 2014). Esta distinción no pretende oponer los géneros 
+expertos y de formación, ya que en general mantienen vínculos y rasgos 
+comunes, incluso en ocasiones muestran una misma denominación, 
+como en el caso del plan de negocios; más que una dicotomía, se trata 
+de un continuum con formas híbridas y características compartidas. Sin 
+embargo, los géneros de formación académica tienen una orientación 
+pedagógica y evaluativa en marcos educativos que redunda en rasgos 
+socio-discursivos particulares y diferenciados (Thaiss; Zawacki 
+2006). 
+Hasta hace poco tiempo, los géneros discursivos de formación 
+académica eran considerados versiones imperfectas o artifi ciales de 
+sus contrapartes expertas. De hecho, esta visión estigmatizante sobre la 
+producción estudiantil se puede vincular con las narrativas de la “crisis 
+de la lectura y la escritura” en educación superior, mencionadas antes. 
+En otros casos, se pasaba por alto la necesidad de enseñar géneros de 
+formación en educación superior, favoreciendo, en cambio, la enseñanza 
+de géneros expertos. Sin embargo, la noción de géneros de formación 
+permite justifi car la necesidad de caracterizar y enseñar los géneros 
+
+ 
+Aportes para una didáctica de la escritura académica basada en géneros discursivos
+19
+35.2
+2019
+discursivos que los estudiantes realmente escriben y las expectativas 
+que la comunidad experta tiene respecto de ellos. Estos géneros tienen 
+objetivos y rasgos propios, que es necesario conocer y defi nir. En 
+efecto, los expertos autorizados para evaluarlos (esto es, los profesores 
+y tutores universitarios) otorgan califi caciones que determinan cuáles 
+son adecuados y están escritos de acuerdo a sus expectativas y cuáles 
+no, y estas califi caciones ajustan las posibilidades de graduación y de 
+acceso a las culturas disciplinares respectivas. A su vez, estos géneros 
+presentan diferentes grados de confi dencialidad y de restricciones en 
+su circulación ya que son géneros ocultos (Swales 1996), muchas veces 
+resguardados por el celo de los profesores respecto de lo que sucede 
+dentro del aula. Así, a diferencia de los géneros expertos, es mucho más 
+difícil generar consensos y protocolos de escritura, denominaciones 
+comunes y transparentes, instructivos de escritura y estrategias de 
+enseñanza curricularizadas. Como consecuencia, los estudiantes con 
+frecuencia perciben que un mismo género se escribe de formas muy 
+diversas, incluso arbitrarias, según el profesor que lo solicite. 
+Por último, es importante reiterar que las carreras de grado son 
+versiones institucionalizadas, multidisciplinarias, poco fl exibles y 
+orientadas a la formación de las diferentes áreas del conocimiento 
+científi co. Por lo tanto, no se corresponden de forma transparente con 
+la organización de las disciplinas y subdisciplinas y con los marcos 
+epistemológicos y retóricos que las caracterizan. Por ejemplo, una 
+carrera como la licenciatura en Letras en Latinoamérica suele incluir 
+simultáneamente formación en lingüística y en estudios literarios, 
+dos disciplinas que pertenecen a la vertiente de construcción de 
+conocimiento más “vertical” y colaborativa de las ciencias sociales y 
+más “horizontal” y fragmentaria de las humanidades, respectivamente 
+(Martin; Maton; Matruglio 2010). Por ello, un mismo estudiante debe 
+escribir una monografía de literatura o una monografía de lingüística, 
+dos géneros con denominación similar pero discursivamente diferentes 
+(Navarro; Moris 2012).
+5. Géneros discursivos y tipos textuales
+La irrupción de los estudios contemporáneos del discurso a fi nales 
+de los años 60 en lugares diversos impuso el interés por lograr una 
+
+20
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+Federico Navarro
+clasifi cación completa de las formas de discurso existentes. Se buscó, 
+así, usar herramientas teóricas y metodológicas estructuralistas más allá 
+de los ámbitos restringidos de la fonología, la gramática y la sintaxis, 
+donde habían tenido un importante éxito. En el caso de la Lingüística 
+Textual, desde sus inicios se planteó “como uno de sus objetivos 
+principales establecer una tipología que diera cuenta de todos los 
+textos posibles” (Ciapuscio 2005). Esta empresa implicó sacrifi car la 
+complejidad histórica, social, situacional y temática de la comunicación 
+humana en pos de lograr un grupo acotado de tipos, secuencias o modos 
+textuales defi nidos por sus rasgos discursivos básicos. Se trata de un 
+objetivo investigativo válido pero opuesto al interés por los géneros 
+discursivos, tal como se explicó antes. 
+En un artículo pionero en la identifi cación de las limitaciones de 
+este propósito para la didáctica de la escritura, Castellá Lidón contrasta 
+las nociones de géneros discursivos y tipos textuales, como se ve en 
+la tabla 1 a continuación:
+Tabla 1 – Defi nición de géneros discursivos y tipos textuales según Castellá 
+Lidón (1996:24-25)
+Géneros discursivos
+Tipos textuales
+Es una forma discursiva estereotipada, 
+defi nida por sus características externas, 
+sociales y culturales, que tiene asociadas 
+otras internas, de tipo lingüístico. La 
+sociedad establece el repertorio de géneros 
+a lo largo de la historia, y los hablantes los 
+reconocen gracias a su formato externo y 
+a los parámetros situacionales en los que 
+se originan. Constituyen una lista abierta 
+y se pueden clasifi car por ámbitos de uso 
+social. La cantidad de géneros existentes 
+en una cultura puede ser elevada, aunque 
+siempre será difícil determinarla con 
+exactitud. Son ejemplos de género la clase, 
+la conferencia, el debate, la noticia, el 
+anuncio, la novela, el cuento, el examen, 
+etc.
+Es una forma discursiva estereotipada, 
+defi nida por sus características lingüísticas 
+internas. Los tipos de texto se reconocen 
+por su estructura informativa y por los 
+rasgos gramaticales que los configuran. 
+Constituyen una lista cerrada y tienen un 
+carácter abstracto. Su conocimiento por 
+parte de los hablantes es generalmente 
+intuitivo. Cada tipo textual implica una 
+manera de seleccionar y de organizar las 
+palabras, las frases y el conjunto del texto 
+para expresar los signifi cados de acuerdo 
+con unas funciones predominantes. Son 
+ejemplos de tipo de texto la descripción, la 
+narración, la argumentación, etc.
+
+ 
+Aportes para una didáctica de la escritura académica basada en géneros discursivos
+21
+35.2
+2019
+A partir de la distinción propuesta por Castellá Lidón y de las 
+defi niciones de géneros exploradas antes, se puede establecer una lista 
+de contrastes entre géneros y tipos: 
+Tabla 2 – Aspectos enfatizados en géneros discursivos y tipos textuales
+Géneros discursivos
+Tipos textuales
+defi nidos por aspectos socio-discursivos 
+(externos e internos)
+defi nidos por aspectos microdiscursivos 
+(internos)
+con estructura compleja y extensa
+con estructura simple y breve
+con restricciones temáticas
+sin restricciones temáticas
+contextualizados (factores sociales, 
+históricos, situacionales)
+no contextualizados
+con usuarios (intenciones, percepciones, 
+expectativas)
+sin usuarios
+variables (histórica, social y 
+situacionalmente)
+invariables
+potencialmente infi nitos (lista abierta)
+fi nitos (lista cerrada)
+En las últimas décadas, las propuestas de tipologías textuales han 
+tenido amplio éxito en su curricularización escolar, en la evaluación 
+de la lectura y la escritura y en el discurso pedagógico vinculado a la 
+enseñanza de la lectura y la escritura. Esto se debe a que las tipologías 
+textuales presentan ciertas ventajas frente a los géneros discursivos: 
+dado que sus denominaciones, categorías y rasgos son acotados, 
+como se señala en la Tabla 2, resultan especialmente factibles de ser 
+aprendidos, institucionalizados, enseñados y evaluados. A su vez, se 
+muestran útiles para comprender, enseñar y aprender ciertas pautas 
+constructivas de ciertos componentes de los géneros discursivos; por 
+ejemplo, la sección “Materiales y métodos” de la tesis doctoral en 
+carreras de ingeniería requiere el uso de una secuencia o tipo textual 
+narrativo en tiempo pasado que presente los pasos seguidos en orden 
+cronológico. 
+Sin embargo, los tipos textuales presentan enormes limitaciones 
+para el desarrollo de una didáctica de la lectura y la escritura, en 
+particular en educación superior. Estas limitaciones son pedagógicas, 
+retóricas y evaluativas. Los tipos textuales no son sufi cientes para 
+entender los rasgos o producir un género académico complejo. ¿Cómo 
+
+22
+35.2
+2019
+Federico Navarro
+puedo estructurar una tesis doctoral en arquitectura a partir de mi 
+conocimiento del tipo textual argumentativo? De hecho, favorecen la 
+enseñanza de la escritura como objeto más que como habilidad, a pesar 
+de que saber cuáles y cómo son los tipos textuales no necesariamente da 
+cuenta de las posibilidades que tiene un estudiante de comunicarse con 
+éxito en el ámbito académico. ¿Cómo puedo usar un tipo textual dialogal 
+para comprender y ajustarme pragmáticamente al vínculo jerárquico 
+con cierto lector? La simplifi cación tipológica y la desvinculación 
+contextual de los tipos textuales, que no tienen contextos ni usuarios, 
+impiden responder esta pregunta. 
+En última instancia, las limitaciones planteadas se deben a que 
+los tipos textuales no fueron desarrollados originalmente para enseñar 
+las clases tipifi cadas de textos, situadas y orientadas a fi nes, que los 
+estudiantes necesitan, sino para proponer una clasifi cación abstracta 
+y transversal de las estructuras textuales constructivas básicas. 
+Esta orientación de origen hace que sean inevitablemente inviables 
+como base de una didáctica de la escritura académica. La tabla 3 a 
+continuación resume las ventajas y limitaciones exploradas:
+Tabla 3 – Ventajas y limitaciones de los tipos textuales
+Ventajas
+Limitaciones
+Denominaciones, tipos y rasgos acotados.
+Útiles para enseñar y aprender ciertas pautas 
+constructivas de ciertos componentes de 
+géneros discursivos.
+Fáciles de consensuar entre culturas, 
+situaciones y usuarios diversos.
+Fáciles de enseñar y aprender.
+Fáciles de curricularizar y evaluar.
+No sirven para entender los rasgos o 
+producir un género académico complejo.
+Favorecen la enseñanza de la escritura 
+como objeto más que como habilidad.
+No sirven para enseñar a entender y 
+adecuarse a los contextos culturales y 
+situacionales de uso.
+Su dominio aporta poca información sobre 
+las habilidades letradas de un estudiante 
+universitario.
+6. Didáctica de la escritura académica basada en géneros 
+discursivos
+La didáctica de la escritura académica a partir de la noción 
+de género discursivo se sostiene en una perspectiva signifi cativa, 
+
+ 
+Aportes para una didáctica de la escritura académica basada en géneros discursivos
+23
+35.2
+2019
+articulada, socioconstructivista, crítica y explícita de la enseñanza y 
+el aprendizaje de los géneros discursivos. Los recorridos propuestos 
+en las secciones previas informan la siguiente propuesta.
+Primero, la enseñanza de la escritura académica requiere una 
+perspectiva de aprendizajes signifi cativos. La noción teleológica 
+(orientada a fi nes) y situada (social, histórica y situacionalmente) 
+del género discursivo hace que los aprendizajes y enseñanzas tengan 
+sentido para los estudiantes. El texto que deben producir sirve para 
+objetivos que necesitan cumplir y para ser adecuados con los contextos 
+que ocupan, y, por lo tanto, su enseñanza y aprendizaje es pertinente 
+y hasta deseado, lo cual fomenta la participación, compromiso, 
+entusiasmo e interés de los estudiantes (Eodice; Geller; Lerner 2016). 
+Por eso es mucho más productivo e interesante pedagógicamente pedir 
+a los estudiantes que elaboren un informe de lectura sobre un conjunto 
+de textos de interés y vinculados a sus carreras que pedirles que escriban 
+una oración con ciertos conectores, un párrafo con cierta estructura o 
+una secuencia narrativa. De hecho, el género informe de lectura, entre 
+muchos otros, permite ejercitar y enseñar, de forma signifi cativa, la 
+escritura de oraciones, párrafos y secuencias.
+Segundo, la enseñanza de la escritura académica requiere una 
+perspectiva articulada. La noción sociodiscursiva de género permite 
+vincular los contextos culturales y situacionales de producción con los 
+objetivos comunicativos y las opciones de recursos lingüísticos. Es 
+decir, cuando un estudiante opta por una formulación mitigada (“este 
+trabajo podría hacer algunos aportes a la temática”) en la introducción 
+de un examen domiciliario, esta decisión está determinada por su 
+posición como estudiante frente al saber del profesor y de la disciplina 
+y a los objetivos de formación de su texto, al mismo tiempo que esa 
+decisión modifi ca esas variables situacionales y comunicativas. De ahí 
+la riqueza de la noción de género discursivo para dar cuenta de una 
+habilidad tan compleja como la escritura. 
+Tercero, la enseñanza de la escritura académica requiere una 
+perspectiva socioconstructivista. La enseñanza de las clases tipifi cadas 
+de textos debe partir de la deconstrucción activa de uno o más ejemplares 
+del género, o bien de la discusión de conocimientos, expectativas y 
+experiencias sobre el género. Así, los estudiantes pueden desnaturalizar 
+
+24
+35.2
+2019
+Federico Navarro
+y detectar patrones, características y expectativas que caracterizan 
+el género que es objeto de aprendizaje. Este procedimiento no solo 
+enseña cómo es el género, sino que también desarrolla estrategias 
+para entender otros géneros futuros, y, por lo tanto, evita las reglas 
+o “recetas” de escritura y favorece el aprendizaje de herramientas 
+metacognitivas y metalingüísticas transferibles a nuevos contextos. 
+Luego, esa primera vinculación más bien analítica con el género 
+debe dejar lugar a la asimilación y puesta en práctica a partir de la 
+producción de ejemplares propios, tanto de forma socializada como 
+individual, mediante diferentes procesos modelados por el docente. Esta 
+metodología se basa en el ciclo de la pedagogía del género propuesto 
+por la Escuela de Sydney (Rose; Martin 2012). Se trata de fomentar 
+oportunidades de participación activa. Los cursos y actividades deben 
+estimular que los estudiantes lleven a cabo iniciativas y prácticas 
+propias de la institución, de la carrera y de la disciplina, en diferentes 
+roles de participación periférica legítima (Lave; Wenger 1991). Esta 
+perspectiva se vincula con todas las demás: entrevistar a un profesor 
+de la carrera o investigar el perfi l del graduado de la carrera favorece 
+la enculturación del estudiante, ofrece aprendizajes signifi cativos, y 
+apuesta por la apropiación de prácticas y conocimientos sumamente 
+difíciles de enseñar de forma convencional o contenidista. 
+Cuarto, la enseñanza de la escritura académica requiere una 
+perspectiva crítica. La deconstrucción de los géneros implica que 
+estos son visibilizados, desnaturalizados y desautomatizados, incluso 
+explicados a partir de la organización inequitativa de fuerzas y de 
+poder que caracteriza a las diferentes esferas, de forma tal de asumir 
+una perspectiva crítica sobre ellos. Esta perspectiva crítica apunta a 
+entender que las convenciones y expectativas retóricas de las culturas 
+disciplinares son acuerdos en buena medida arbitrarios, cambiantes, 
+en tensión, histórica y socialmente variables, con connotaciones 
+ideológicas, pero que conocerlos y dar cuenta de ellos (en mayor o 
+menor medida) al elaborar los textos propios es una necesidad del 
+proceso de enculturación académica y disciplinar. 
+A su vez, un lector, escritor y orador crítico tiene estrategias 
+y habilidades para reconocer las expectativas y necesidades de los 
+diferentes contextos situacionales en los que participa. Un escritor 
+crítico se hace preguntas como las siguientes: ¿qué espera este docente 
+
+ 
+Aportes para una didáctica de la escritura académica basada en géneros discursivos
+25
+35.2
+2019
+de mi escrito, algo extenso y con mi visión sobre el asunto o algo 
+breve y conciso con datos puntuales y neutrales? ¿Cuál es el objetivo 
+de esta tarea de escritura que me han pedido y cómo se supone que 
+estructure la respuesta? Así, un escritor crítico no solo conoce sobre 
+prácticas comunicativas e intenta usar lo que sabe, sino que además 
+tiene la habilidad de desnaturalizar ese conocimiento, adquirir nuevas 
+habilidades que las situaciones requieran y utilizar su agencia para 
+modifi carlas en cierta medida, incluso oponiéndose a las expectativas 
+del entorno. Reconoce los riesgos y benefi cios que signifi ca reproducir 
+o cambiar las expectativas sociales y toma decisiones voluntarias 
+al respecto, pero estas decisiones requieren antes aprender en qué 
+consisten las prácticas usuales.
+En este sentido, una didáctica de la escritura basada en géneros 
+discursivos adopta una visión al mismo tiempo dinámica y estática 
+sobre el vínculo entre las clases recurrentes de textos y las expectativas 
+de la comunidad, por un lado, y el texto único que elabora el hablante o 
+escritor. Ese texto está en tensión entre dos fuerzas: fuerzas centrífugas 
+(creatividad y cambio) y centrípetas (repetición y continuidad), lo que 
+explica el cambio social e histórico que los géneros atraviesan. Así, 
+los textos que producen los usuarios no son meras reproducciones 
+automáticas de los géneros discursivos a los que pertenecen, sino que 
+se encuentran en tensión. ¿Qué fuerza predomina, cambio o repetición? 
+La respuesta depende de factores tanto personales y situacionales 
+como estructurales, sociales, identitarios y de poder. Si un estudiante 
+ingresante a la universidad quiere modifi car la concepción de la 
+comunidad experta sobre cómo debe escribirse un examen presencial, 
+es posible que no tenga éxito y sea severamente penalizado de 
+maneras muy concretas, como una baja califi cación. Pero, en todo 
+caso, la formación de lectores y escritores críticos apunta a reconocer 
+esas posibilidades y amenazas y a que los actores tomen decisiones 
+informadas, voluntarias y estratégicas. 
+Quinto, la enseñanza de la escritura académica requiere una 
+perspectiva explícita. La centralidad de un proceso socioconstructivista, 
+participativo y crítico interpretado por el estudiante no signifi ca de 
+ninguna manera desconocer el rol central que debe ocupar el docente. 
+Si no fuera así, se sostendría una concepción implícita de aprendizaje 
+de la lectura, la escritura y la oralidad como procesos de inmersión, 
+
+26
+35.2
+2019
+Federico Navarro
+espontáneos, no formalizados y, en última instancia, no enseñables. 
+¿Debe el profesor ubicarse a cierta distancia del estudiante, proveerle 
+un conjunto de escritos y esperar que en la lectura el estudiante 
+aprenda e incorpore esos conocimientos y esos patrones textuales a 
+los que se enfrenta? De ninguna manera. Por el contrario, la enseñanza 
+de la lectura, la escritura y la oralidad requiere de una pedagogía 
+específi camente diseñada para tal fi n, la identifi cación de un conjunto 
+de objetos de enseñanza fundamentalmente centrados en habilidades 
+(por ejemplo, la habilidad de construir un nicho de investigación en 
+la introducción de un texto académico) y en géneros discursivos, 
+en ocasiones con investigación docente; la transposición de ciertos 
+contenidos específi cos (por ejemplo, ciertas nociones de gramática y 
+discurso como nominalización); la elaboración de secuencias didácticas 
+específi cas para la enseñanza; y la utilización de un metalenguaje 
+operativo para el aula (por ejemplo, “mitigador” o “reforzador”). 
+La enseñanza debe ser, entonces, guiada y modelada. El profesor de 
+escritura debe fomentar la aparición de necesidades de aprendizaje 
+(esto es, la necesidad de aprender a comunicar para cumplir con 
+cierto objetivo) e instancias de participación social e individual, 
+muchas veces estudiando los textos y contenidos de las carreras de sus 
+estudiantes, pero también debe enseñar explícitamente contenidos y 
+habilidades relevantes. Por su parte, el profesor de las disciplinas que 
+incorpora el potencial epistémico y retórico de la escritura en sus clases 
+debe explorar y formarse mínimamente en didáctica de la escritura 
+(por ejemplo, leyendo un artículo como este) para poder enseñar y 
+monitorear el aprendizaje de las prácticas letradas de su disciplina.
+La enseñanza explícita de las formas de comunicación oral y escrita 
+tipifi cadas y reconocidas por la comunidad de aprendizaje sin duda 
+impacta en las posibilidades de éxito de las trayectorias estudiantiles. 
+Lamentablemente, los géneros discursivos de formación suelen ser 
+adquiridos mediante prácticas espontáneas de enculturación y muy pocas 
+veces explicitados con fi nes de enseñanza o, menos aún, curricularizados. 
+Forman parte de una expectativa curricular oculta (Schleppegrell 2004), 
+que impone un desafío adicional a los estudiantes de menores recursos y 
+capital cultural académico. Por lo tanto, la didáctica basada en géneros 
+sostiene como premisa que la enseñanza explícita e intencionada de la 
+lectura, la escritura y la oralidad académicas favorece la equidad y la 
+formación inclusiva, ya que permite que los estudiantes provenientes 
+
+ 
+Aportes para una didáctica de la escritura académica basada en géneros discursivos
+27
+35.2
+2019
+de sectores sociales en riesgo puedan tener las mismas oportunidades 
+que los estudiantes pertenecientes a familias con mayor capital cultural 
+académico y, en particular, semiótico. 
+En ocasiones se opta por no enseñar comunicación académica, 
+sea por desconocimiento de las herramientas didácticas necesarias, 
+por falta de oportunidades institucionalizadas para hacerlo, por 
+rechazo a una supuesta reproducción de los discursos hegemónicos o 
+por una concepción romántica de la creatividad y la expresividad no 
+pautada. Sin embargo, no enseñar lectura, escritura y oralidad tiene 
+como consecuencia la reproducción de las inequidades e injusticias 
+sociales con las que llegan los estudiantes a un ámbito, el escolar, que 
+tiene como uno de sus objetivos democratizar las oportunidades de 
+acceso a la educación de calidad (Rose; Martin 2012). En suma, la 
+enseñanza explícita de los géneros discursivos de formación académica 
+promovería la excelencia educativa y la democratización del acceso, 
+permanencia y titulación oportuna en educación superior.  
+En la siguiente imagen, se resumen los cinco rasgos de la didáctica 
+de la escritura académica basada en géneros discursivos:
+Gráfi co 2 – Cinco rasgos de la didáctica de la escritura académica basada en 
+géneros discursivos (elaboración propia)
+
+28
+35.2
+2019
+Federico Navarro
+7. Conclusiones y directrices futuras
+En este trabajo he intentado aclarar, de forma ordenada y 
+bibliográfi camente fundamentada, algunos conceptos teóricos clave 
+para el desarrollo de la didáctica de la escritura académica, en particular 
+la concepción de base bajtiniana de género discursivo y su potencial 
+para la enseñanza, siguiendo las propuestas tanto del trabajo fundacional 
+de Mijaíl Bajtín como los aportes de las Lenguas para Fines Específi cos, 
+la Lingüística Sistémico-Funcional, los Estudios Retóricos del Género 
+y el Interaccionismo Socio-Discursivo. Al fi nal de este recorrido, he 
+propuesto algunos rasgos de una didáctica de la escritura académica 
+basada en géneros discursivos que pueda funcionar como marco teórico 
+para diferentes iniciativas de enseñanza e investigación y vincularse 
+con desarrollos previos en la región y en otras latitudes.
+Inevitablemente, este recorrido ha entrado en discusión con ciertas 
+confusiones y estigmatizaciones respecto de cómo se enseña y qué 
+escriben los estudiantes universitarios. Esas discusiones demuestran 
+la necesidad de validar la didáctica de la escritura académica como un 
+espacio científi co para la investigación, la construcción teórica y la 
+práctica profesional específi ca. Si las percepciones de una “crisis de 
+la escritura” en el marco de la masifi cación del ingreso a la educación 
+superior latinoamericana son en parte responsables de la oportunidad de 
+que se erigiera como disciplina, toca ahora hacer aportes investigativos 
+y teóricos que se agreguen al conocimiento existente o lo discutan, 
+que se sustenten en datos empíricos y que sean desarrollados por una 
+masa crítica de académicos que se sientan pertenecientes a este espacio 
+multidisciplinario y aplicado.
+Referencias
+ABREU-TARDELLI, Lília Santos; ARANHA, Solange. 2017. Gêneros 
+textuais nas abordagens do interacionismo sociodiscursivo e da 
+sociorretórica: contribuições teóricas e práticas. DELTA, 33(3): 
+I-X.
+ÁVILA REYES, Natalia. 2017. Postsecondary Writing Studies in Hispanic 
+Latin America: Intertextual Dynamics and Intellectual Infl uence. 
+London Review of Education, 15(1): 21-37. 
+
+ 
+Aportes para una didáctica de la escritura académica basada en géneros discursivos
+29
+35.2
+2019
+BAJTÍN, Mijaíl. 2005 [1982, 1979]. El problema de los géneros 
+discursivos. En: Estética de la creación verbal. Buenos Aires: Siglo 
+XXI Editores, p. 248-293.
+BAZERMAN, Charles. 2012 [2003]. Actos de habla, géneros y sistemas 
+de actividades: de qué manera los textos organizan las actividades y 
+los grupos sociales. En Géneros textuales, tipifi cación y actividad. 
+Puebla: BUAP, p. 122-161.
+BRONCKART, Jean Paul. 2007 [2004]. Los géneros de textos y su 
+contribución al desarrollo psicológico. En: Desarrollo del lenguaje y 
+didáctica de las lenguas. Buenos Aires: Miño y Dávila, p. 69-86.
+BRONCKART, Jean Paul. 2007 [2006]. Las condiciones de construcción 
+de los conocimientos humanos. En: Desarrollo del lenguaje y 
+didáctica de las lenguas. Buenos Aires: Miño y Dávila, p. 15-30.
+CARLINO, Paula. 2013. Alfabetización académica diez años después. 
+RMIE, 18(57): 355-381. 
+CASTELLÁ LIDON, Josep. 1996. Las tipologías textuales y la enseñanza 
+de la lengua. Sobre la diversidad, los límites y algunas perversiones. 
+Revista Textos, 10: 23-31. 
+CHIROLEU, Adriana; MARQUINA, Mónica. 2017. Democratisation or 
+Credentialism? Public Policies of Expansion of Higher Education in 
+Latin America. Policy Reviews in Higher Education, 1(2): 139-160.
+CIAPUSCIO, Guiomar. 2005. La noción de género en la Lingüística 
+Sistémico Funcional y en la Lingüística Textual. Signos, 38(57): 
+31-48. 
+DEVITT, Amy. 2009. Teaching Critical Genre Awareness. En: 
+BAZERMAN, Charles; BONINI, Adair; FIGUEIREDO, Débora 
+(Eds.). Genre in a Changing World. Fort Collins, Colorado & West 
+Lafayette, Indiana: The WAC Clearinghouse & Parlor Press, p. 337-350.
+DIAS, Patrick; FREEDMAN, Aviva; MEDWAY, Peter; PARÉ, Anthony 
+(Eds.). 1999. Worlds Apart: Acting and Writing in Academic and 
+Workplace Contexts. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
+EODICE, Michele; GELLER, Anne; LERNER, Neal. 2016. The 
+Meaningful Writing Project. Learning, Teaching, and Writing in 
+Higher Education. Boulder, CO: Utah State University Press.
+FEAK, Christine; SWALES, John. 2009. Telling a Research Story: Writing 
+a Literature Review. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
+FREEDMAN, Aviva; MEDWAY, Peter. 1994. Locating Genre Studies: 
+Antecedents and Prospects. En: FREEDMAN, Aviva; MEDWAY, 
+Peter (Eds.). Genre and the New Rhetoric. London: Taylor & Francis, 
+p. 1-20.
+
+30
+35.2
+2019
+Federico Navarro
+HYON, Sunny. 1996. Genre in Three Traditions: Implications for ESL. 
+TESOL Quarterly, 30(4): 693-722. 
+LAVE, Jean; WENGER, Etienne. 1991. Situated Learning: Legitimate 
+Peripheral Participation. Cambridge: CUP.
+LEA, Mary; STREET, Brian. 2006. The “Academic Literacies” Model: 
+Theory and Applications. Theory into Practice, 45(4): 368-377. 
+LILLIS, Theresa. 2001. Student Writing. Access, Regulation, Desire. 
+London & New York: Routledge.
+LILLIS, Theresa; SCOTT, Mary. 2007. Defi ning Academic Literacies 
+Research: Issues of Epistemology, Ideology and Strategy. Journal 
+of Applied Linguistics, 4(1): 5-32. 
+MARTIN, Jim. 2013. Modelling Context: Matter as Meaning. En: 
+GOUVEIA, Carlos; ALEXANDRE, Marta (Eds.). Languages, 
+Metalanguages, Modalities, Cultures. Functional and Socio-
+Discursive perspectives. Lisboa: ILTEC, p. 19-64. 
+MARTIN, Jim; MATON, Karl; MATRUGLIO, Erika. 2010. Historical 
+Cosmologies: Epistemology and Axiology in Australian Secondary 
+School History Discourse. Signos, 43(74): 433-463. 
+MARTIN, Jim; ROSE, David. 2008. Genre Relations: Mapping Culture. 
+London: Equinox.
+MILLER, Carolyn. 1994 [1984]. Genre as Social Action. En:  FREEDMAN, 
+Aviva; MEDWAY, Peter (Eds.). Genre and the New Rhetoric. London: 
+Taylor & Francis, p. 23-42.
+MOTTA-ROTH, Désirée. 2008. Análise crítica de gêneros: contribuições 
+para o ensino e a pesquisa de linguagem. DELTA, 24(2): 341-383.
+MOTTA-ROTH, Désirée; HEBERLE, Viviane. 2015. A Short Cartography 
+of Genre Studies in Brazil. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 
+19: 22-31.
+MOYANO, Estela. 2017. Diseño e implementación de programas de 
+lectura y escritura en el nivel universitario: principios y estrategias. 
+Lenguas Modernas, Volumen monográfi co “Enseñanza de la escritura 
+en educación superior: el rol de la lectura y la escritura en la inclusión, 
+equidad y calidad educativas” (Editor invitado: Federico Navarro), 
+50: 47-72.
+MUSE, Cecilia (Ed.). 2015. Lectura y escritura 3: lectura y escritura en 
+el nivel superior. Córdoba: UNC.
+NESI, Hilary; GARDNER, Sheena. 2012. Genres across the Disciplines. 
+Student Writing in Higher Education. Cambridge: CUP.
+NAVARRO, Federico. 2014. Géneros discursivos e ingreso a las culturas 
+disciplinares. Aportes para una didáctica de la lectura y la escritura 
+en educación superior. En: NAVARRO, Federico (Ed.). Manual de 
+escritura para carreras de humanidades. Buenos Aires: Editorial de 
+
+ 
+Aportes para una didáctica de la escritura académica basada en géneros discursivos
+31
+35.2
+2019
+la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, 
+p. 29-52. 
+NAVARRO, Federico; ÁVILA REYES, Natalia; TAPIA-LADINO, 
+Mónica; CRISTOVÃO, Vera Lucia; MORITZ, Maria Ester; 
+NARVÁEZ CARDONA, Elizabeth; BAZERMAN, Charles. 2016. 
+Panorama histórico y contrastivo de los estudios sobre lectura y 
+escritura en educación superior publicados en América Latina. Signos, 
+49(S1): 100-126. 
+NAVARRO, Federico; MORIS, Juan Pablo. 2012. Estudio contrastivo de 
+monografías escritas en las carreras de Educación, Filosofía, Historia 
+y Letras. En: BOSIO, Iris; CASTEL, Victor; CIAPUSCIO, Guiomar; 
+MÜLLER, Gisela (Eds.). Discurso especializado: estudios teóricos 
+y aplicados. Mendoza: Universidad Nacional de Cuyo & Sociedad 
+Argentina de Lingüística, p. 151-168.
+POZO, Juan Ignacio; SCHEUER, Nora; MATEOS, Mar; DEL PUY 
+PÉREZ ECHEVERRÍA, María. 2006. Las teorías implícitas sobre 
+el aprendizaje y la enseñanza. En: POZO, Juan Ignacio; SCHEUER, 
+Nora; DEL PUY PÉREZ ECHEVERRÍA, María; MATEOS, Mar; 
+MARTÍN, Elena; DE LA CRUZ, Montserrat (Eds.). Nuevas formas de 
+pensar la enseñanza y el aprendizaje. Barcelona: Graó, p. 95-132.
+PRIOR, Paul; BILBRO, Rebeca. 2011. Academic Enculturation: 
+Developing Literate Practices and Disciplinary Identities. En: 
+CASTELLÓ, Montserrat; DONAHUE, Christiane (Eds.). University 
+Writing: Selves and Texts in Academic Societies. London: Emerald, 
+p. 19-32.
+ROSE, David; MARTIN, Jim. 2012. Learning to Write, Reading to Learn. 
+Genre, Knowledge and Pedagogy in the Sydney School. London: 
+Equinox.
+RUSSELL, David. 2002 [1991]. Writing in the Academic Disciplines: 
+A Curricular History. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University 
+Press.
+SCHLEPPEGRELL, Mary. 2004. The Language of Schooling. Mahwah, 
+NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
+SWALES, John. 1990. Genre Analysis: English in Academic and Research 
+Settings. Glasgow: CUP.
+SWALES, John. 1996. Occluded Genres in the Academy: The Case of the 
+Submission Letter. En: VENTOLA, Elija; MAURANEN, Ana (Eds.). 
+Academic Writing. Intercultural and Textual Issues. Amsterdam & 
+Philadelphia: John Benjamins, p. 45-58.
+SWALES, John. 2004. Research Genres. Exploration and Applications. 
+Glasgow: CUP.
+
+32
+35.2
+2019
+Federico Navarro
+THAISS, Chris; ZAWACKI, Terry. 2006. Engaged Writers and Dynamic 
+Disciplines: Research on the Academic Writing Life. Portsmouth, 
+NH: Boynton/Cook.
+VENEGAS, René; NÚÑEZ, María Teresa; ZAMORA, Sofía; SANTANA, 
+Andrea. 2015. Escribir desde la Pedagogía del Género. Guías para 
+escribir el Trabajo Final de Grado en Licenciatura. Valparaíso: 
+PUCV.
+ZAVALA, Virginia. 2011. La escritura académica y la agencia de los 
+sujetos. Cuadernos Comillas, 1: 52-66.
+Recebido em: 28/07/2018
+Aprovado em: 24/10/2018
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/c0b6a75a9f526b3d.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/c0b6a75a9f526b3d.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..95f5a3b19e61c3ee18f1e7c15cbde0ae59c382d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/corpus/humanities/text/c0b6a75a9f526b3d.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Nucleus accumbens response to gains in reputation for the self relative to gains for others predicts social media use
+
+Our reputation is important to us; we've experienced natural selection to care about our reputation. Recently, the neural processing of gains in reputation (positive social feedback concerning one's character) has been shown to occur in the human ventral striatum. It is still unclear, however, how individual differences in the processing of gains in reputation may lead to individual differences in real-world behavior. For example, in the real-world, one way that people currently maintain their reputation is by using social media websites, like Facebook. Furthermore, Facebook use consists of a social comparison component, where users observe others' behavior and can compare it to their own. Therefore, we hypothesized a relationship between the way the brain processes specifically self-relevant gains in reputation and one's degree of Facebook use. We recorded functional neuroimaging data while participants received gains in reputation, observed the gains in reputation of another person, or received monetary reward. We demonstrate that across participants, when responding to gains in reputation for the self, relative to observing gains for others, reward-related activity in the left nucleus accumbens predicts Facebook use. However, nucleus accumbens activity in response to monetary reward did not predict Facebook use. Finally, a control step-wise regression analysis showed that Facebook use primarily explains our results in the nucleus accumbens. Overall, our results demonstrate how individual sensitivity of the nucleus accumbens to the receipt of self-relevant social information leads to differences in real-world behavior.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/c5b6588342195015.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/c5b6588342195015.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..454ecc76c33bd4aa684b1957fa4c92695725c393
--- /dev/null
+++ b/corpus/humanities/text/c5b6588342195015.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+Correction: Ten simple rules for structuring papers
+
+[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005619.].
+
+CORRECTION
+Correction: Ten simple rules for structuring
+papers
+The PLOS Computational Biology Staff
+Fig 1 is incorrect–the key is absent. The authors have provided a corrected version here.
+PLOS Computational Biology | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005830
+November 9, 2017
+1 / 3
+a1111111111
+a1111111111
+a1111111111
+a1111111111
+a1111111111
+OPEN ACCESS
+Citation: The PLOS Computational Biology Staff
+(2017) Correction: Ten simple rules for structuring
+papers. PLoS Comput Biol 13(11): e1005830.
+https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005830
+Published: November 9, 2017
+Copyright: © 2017 The PLOS Computational
+Biology Staff. This is an open access article
+distributed under the terms of the Creative
+Commons Attribution License, which permits
+unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in
+any medium, provided the original author and
+source are credited.
+
+Fig 1. Summary of a paper’s structural elements at three spatial scales: Across sections, across
+paragraphs, and within paragraphs. Note that the abstract is special in that it contains all three elements
+(Context, Content, and Conclusion), thus comprising all three colors.
+https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005830.g001
+PLOS Computational Biology | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005830
+November 9, 2017
+2 / 3
+
+Reference
+1.
+Mensh B, Kording K (2017) Ten simple rules for structuring papers. PLoS Comput Biol 13(9):
+e1005619. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005619. PMID: 28957311
+PLOS Computational Biology | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005830
+November 9, 2017
+3 / 3
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/c68e17be5a737e8d.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/c68e17be5a737e8d.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..408afd309fd70bda55c71b4ab4270c583cf3a195
--- /dev/null
+++ b/corpus/humanities/text/c68e17be5a737e8d.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Posthuman/ist Literature? Don DeLillo’s Point Omega and Zero K
+
+Posthumanist literature—question mark. The question mark in the title gestures towards the conundrum that something like posthumanist literature might well be a contradiction in terms. This essay discusses the connection between posthumanism, the posthuman, and posthumanisation, on the one hand, and literature, the literary and post-literary (or the survival of literature), on the other hand. It differentiates between a literature of the posthuman and posthumanist literature. Through a close reading of some contemporary examples it shows that literature can follow a number of paths to engage with posthumanism (as a discourse) and the posthuman (as a figure) and thus respond to the ongoing (social, technological, ecological…) process of posthumanisation. Thematically, posthuman/ist literature is concerned with a variety of topics that are associated with figurations of the posthuman: climate change, artificial intelligence, androids and robots, the Anthropocene, enhancement, postanthropocentrism, the question of the animal, object ontology, cyborgisation and dis/embodiment, non/human futures, to name just the most obvious. Stylistically, however, a posthumanist literature will have to display a level of self-reflexion that problematizes the very idea of the literary as a practice and of literature as an (eminently humanist) institution. Whether examples of posthumanist literature – in this strong, ‘literal’, stylistic sense – can actually exist is explored through a reading of Don Delillo’s Point Omega and Zero K.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/c75b087b03471c80.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/c75b087b03471c80.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..84033c591823c9eaee309ed75e1fc8c54a28ebf3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/corpus/humanities/text/c75b087b03471c80.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+Correction: Taking Perspective: Personal Pronouns Affect Experiential Aspects of Literary Reading
+
+[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154732.].
+
+CORRECTION
+Correction: Taking Perspective: Personal
+Pronouns Affect Experiential Aspects of
+Literary Reading
+The PLOS ONE staff
+Fig 2 is incorrectly duplicated from Fig. 3. The authors have provided a corrected version here.
+The publisher apologizes for the error.
+PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0157285
+June 3, 2016
+1 / 3
+a11111
+OPEN ACCESS
+Citation: The PLOS ONE staff (2016) Correction:
+Taking Perspective: Personal Pronouns Affect
+Experiential Aspects of Literary Reading. PLoS ONE
+11(6): e0157285. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0157285
+Published: June 3, 2016
+Copyright: © 2016 The PLOS ONE staff. This is an
+open access article distributed under the terms of the
+Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits
+unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any
+medium, provided the original author and source are
+credited.
+
+Fig 2. Subscales of the immersion questionnaire. The subscales were emotional engagement, narrative understanding, transportation,
+attention, and mental imagery. Differences between stories with 1st and 3rd person pronouns referring to the protagonist were significant
+for the transportation and the mental imagery subscale.
+doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0157285.g001
+PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0157285
+June 3, 2016
+2 / 3
+
+Reference
+1.
+Hartung F, Burke M, Hagoort P, Willems RM (2016) Taking Perspective: Personal Pronouns Affect
+Experiential Aspects of Literary Reading. PLoS ONE 11(5): e0154732. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.
+0154732 PMID: 27192060
+PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0157285
+June 3, 2016
+3 / 3
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/c760687629c4c8fc.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/c760687629c4c8fc.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..009400edac5915f7d30de44cbc7e3b5b9e579f21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/corpus/humanities/text/c760687629c4c8fc.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+Audiovisual Translation: Dubbing
+
+www.jostrans.org · ISSN: 1740-367X
+Martínez-Sierra, J. (2013). Audiovisual Translation: Dubbing. The Journal of Specialised
+Translation, 20, 232-234. https://doi.org/10.26034/cm.jostrans.2013.414
+This article is publish under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY): 
+https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
+© Juan José Martínez-Sierra, 2013
+
+The Journal of Specialised Translation  
+ 
+Issue 20 – July 2013 
+ 
+232 
+ 
+Frederic Chaume (2012). Audiovisual Translation: Dubbing. 
+Manchester, St Jerome: pp. 208, £30, ISBN 978-1-905763-91-7. 
+ 
+ 
+uch has already been written about dubbing, to tell the truth, 
+which is totally understandable due to the fact that “Dubbing is 
+one of the major modes of screen or audiovisual translation carried 
+out all over the world” (1). However, it seemed that the ultimate book on 
+dubbing was yet to be published, but this one could be it. Just as it 
+happened with subtitling and the book published by Díaz-Cintas and 
+Remael in 2007, St Jerome presents what definitely seems to be another 
+cornerstone of the audiovisual translation field. From a translation point of 
+view, Audiovisual Translation: Dubbing most likely includes everything 
+there is to know about this audiovisual translation mode. Fortunately for 
+the reader, in a book of 208 pages Chaume shares every single piece of 
+knowledge about dubbing that he has been gathering throughout his 
+extensive career as a teacher, researcher and translator. 
+ 
+The book is divided into eight chapters, which are summarised as follows:  
+ 
+In Chapter 1, titled “Translation for dubbing”, this mode is defined and 
+also identified as a type of audiovisual translation. Since “Dubbing is just 
+one way to translate audiovisual texts” (3), Chaume focuses on dubbing 
+without losing sight of other essential audiovisual translation modes, such 
+as subtitling and voice-over, and even considers newer expressions that 
+the Internet has brought us, such as fan/fundubbing. He also takes us on 
+a tour to explain to us the presence and weight of dubbing not only in 
+Europe, but also in other parts of the world. After summarising the history 
+of dubbing, the chapter ends with a section devoted to dubbing quality 
+standards, and relevant issues such as lip-sync, the coherence between 
+images and words, the concept of loyalty, sound quality and acting are 
+also addressed.    
+ 
+In the second chapter, “The professional environment”, Chaume considers 
+some aspects often neglected in academic papers on dubbing: those 
+related to the profession. Thus, he pays attention to different issues which 
+are  undeniably of particular interest to those aiming to become dubbing 
+professionals. The current market is examined, and some tips to “get a 
+foot in the market” (24) are provided. Besides, Chaume gives some 
+relatively updated indications on different average rates in several 
+European countries. Next, the dubbing process is explained thoroughly, 
+and the different professionals who take part in every stage are also taken 
+into account. Then, the focus lies on the translator’s task, since “the idea 
+of this handbook is to prepare the future translator to carry out all the 
+tasks the dubbing industry requires” (37). This chapter finishes with some 
+considerations on globalisation and localisation and training. As regards  
+this last aspect, Chaume suggests that “dialogue writing can be best done 
+M 
+
+The Journal of Specialised Translation  
+ 
+Issue 20 – July 2013 
+ 
+233 
+ 
+by the translators themselves” (44), and advocates for it to be taught in 
+universities. 
+ 
+Chapter 3, “Text segmenting and dubbing symbols”, starts by identifying 
+takes or loops as the dubbing units, and from that assumption Chaume 
+develops his discussion “to introduce the reader to some of the ways 
+translations are segmented for dubbing” (46). Differences in layout, take 
+segmentations and dubbing symbols in as many as seven countries are 
+explored, revealing that “the dubbing industry is still very conservative, 
+and resistant to change and homogenisation of its practices” (46).      
+ 
+Chapter 4, “Synchronization or lip-sync: Read my lips”, is devoted to 
+probably the most defining characteristic of dubbing: synchronisation. 
+First, synchronisation is defined as “the process of matching a target 
+language translation to the screen actors’ body and articulatory 
+movements in a recording made in a dubbing studio” (67). Then, some 
+voices on this particular issue are exposed, thus providing a complete 
+portrait of this (basically) technical aspect. Chaume also looks at the 
+different types of visual synchronisation (the acoustic synchronisation 
+explained by Whitman-Linsen, 1992, is not considered on this occasion): 
+lip synchrony, kinesic synchrony and isochrony. In the final part of this 
+chapter, Chaume accounts for the different degrees of synchronisation 
+implementation and demand depending on different factors such as the 
+genre or text type, the languages in contact, the translation brief and the 
+viewer. 
+ 
+In Chapter 5, “The language of dubbing: a matter of compromise”, 
+Chaume offers a complete analysis of the language used in dubbing 
+(dubbese), which shows certain characteristics that differentiate it from 
+other kinds of discourse, the most notable being the balance between 
+planned and spontaneous speech that results in “an orality which may 
+seem spontaneous and natural, but which is actually planned or [...] 
+feigned, false, prefabricated” (82). The linguistic and translation issues of 
+this type of language are explained, and an analytical model for the study 
+of prefabricated orality is proposed. The chapter ends with a case study 
+based on calques. 
+ 
+Chapter 6, “The specific nature of AVT: acoustic and visual dimensions”, 
+focuses on the two aspects that define audiovisual translation: sound and 
+image, since “[a]n audiovisual text is a semiotic construct woven by a 
+series of signifying codes that operate simultaneously to produce 
+meaning” (100). Thus, on the one hand, Chaume pays attention to 
+paralinguistic features, songs, special effects, the soundtrack and off- and 
+on-screen sound. On the other hand, he considers the language and style 
+of images, types of shots, body language, text on screen and editing. 
+ 
+In Chapter 7, “Translation issues”, Chaume turns his attention to some 
+general translation problems and to some others which are typical of 
+
+The Journal of Specialised Translation  
+ 
+Issue 20 – July 2013 
+ 
+234 
+ 
+audiovisual texts, making clear that “[t]his chapter does not set out to 
+prescribe the best way to translate certain elements, since in the end, this 
+decision depends on the translator and the translation brief” (121). The 
+original scripts are considered, and then a few lines are devoted to the 
+translation of film titles. The case of the translation of multilingual movies 
+is also dealt with, as well as the translation of language variation. The 
+cultural dimension (cultural and intertextual references) is approached 
+too. This chapter ends with a discussion of two of the probably trickiest 
+aspects in audiovisual translation: humour and ideology.  
+ 
+Even though this book is in fact a handbook, Chaume does not ignore the 
+research side of audiovisual translation, and in the last chapter, “Research 
+in dubbing”, he offers a complete account of research in this particular 
+field with a twofold purpose: “Firstly, [this chapter] reviews the kind of 
+research carried out in audiovisual translation and dubbing to date; 
+secondly it presents a semiotic model of analysis of dubbed texts taking a 
+descriptive approach addressed to researchers, PhD students, MA 
+students, and teachers of AVT” (158). 
+ 
+The book ends with a highly useful glossary of terms used in dubbing and 
+AVT and with the necessary bibliography section. It goes without saying 
+that, being a handbook, each chapter is full of useful exercises for the 
+reader. Besides, it comes with a DVD that includes, for example, scenes in 
+different languages and the appendices. 
+All in all, Audiovisual Translation: Dubbing is a must-read book if one is to 
+understand what dubbing is all about (that is, from a translation 
+perspective). The activity of dubbing, too often unfairly reviled, reaches 
+new depths in this book which will hopefully help eradicate some 
+misconceptions. Dubbing is deservedly described here as a complex 
+activity that involves not only translation, but also acting and some 
+technical issues. The debate of dubbing vs. subtitling does not make any 
+sense any more, and it is great news that the year 2012 (amidst the 
+subtitling and audio description fever) witnesses the publication of a high 
+level volume entirely devoted to an audiovisual translation mode thanks to 
+which millions of people around the world have access to audiovisual 
+content originally recorded in a language different to their own. Briefly 
+put, books like this one make me feel like shouting: yes, we dub!   
+ 
+Juan José Martínez-Sierra 
+Universitat de València  
+juan.j.martinez@uv.es  
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/c7fc1c821e2448ef.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/c7fc1c821e2448ef.txt
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+Conceptualizing suffering and pain
+
+BACKGROUND: This article aims to contribute to a better conceptualization of pain and suffering by providing non-essential and non-naturalistic definitions of both phenomena. Contributions of classical evidence-based medicine, the humanistic turn in medicine, as well as the phenomenology and narrative theories of suffering and pain, together with certain conceptions of the person beyond them (the mind-body dichotomy, Cassel's idea of persons as "intact beings") are critically discussed with such purpose. METHODS: A philosophical methodology is used, based on the review of existent literature on the topic and the argumentation in favor of what are found as better definitions of suffering and pain. RESULTS: Pain can be described in neurological terms but cognitive awareness, interpretation, behavioral dispositions, as well as cultural and educational factors have a decisive influence on pain perception. Suffering is proposed to be defined as an unpleasant or even anguishing experience, severely affecting a person at a psychophysical and existential level. Pain and suffering are considered unpleasant. However, the provided definitions neither include the idea that pain and suffering can attack and even destroy the self nor the idea that they can constructively expand the self; both perspectives can b e equally useful for managing pain and suffering, but they are not defining features of the same. Including the existential dimension in the definition of suffering highlights the relevance of suffering in life and its effect on one's own attachment to the world (including personal management, or the cultural and social influences which shape it). An understanding of pain and suffering life experiences is proposed, meaning that they are considered aspects of a person's life, and the self is the ever-changing sum of these (and other) experiences. CONCLUSIONS: The provided definitions will be useful to the identification of pain and suffering, to the discussion of how to relieve them, and to a better understanding of how they are expressed and experienced. They lay the groundwork for further research in all these areas, with the twofold aim of a) avoiding epistemological mistakes and moral injustices, and b) highlighting the limitations of medicine in the treatment of suffering and pain.
\ No newline at end of file
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+Data analysis and personalized recommendation of western music history information using deep learning under Internet of Things
+
+To improve the teaching effect of western music history, the curriculum reform of history education needs to be promoted under the background of the Internet of Things (IoT). At first, a discussion is made on the characteristics of history course, which is combined with the characteristics of teaching data easy to collect under the background of IoT. An analysis is conducted on the related theory of educational data mining. Then, the concept of personalized recommendation is proposed based on deep learning (DL) algorithm. Finally, online and offline experiments are designed to verify the performance of the algorithm from review and investigation, smoothness, and participation of difficulty. The research results show that in terms of offline recommendation accuracy, the average record length in Math data set is 24.5, which is much smaller than that in range data set. The research has obvious innovation significance compared with other studies. In the process of target review and investigation, it is found that the research method here involves a wider range of knowledge and higher reliability. In terms of the difficulty of recommending questions, the Deep Reinforcement Exercise (DRE) recommendation algorithm can adaptively adjust the difficulty of recommending questions. It also allows students to set different learning goals through participation goals. But in the experiments on Math data set, Step 10's recommendation results are not very good, and the difficulty level varies greatly. If the goal setting is high, the problem recommended to students is too difficult, students may answer these questions wrongly, forcing the algorithm to adjust the difficulty adaptively. According to the above results, DRE recommendation algorithm can adapt to different learning needs and customize the recommendation results, thus opening up a new path for the teaching of western music history. Besides, the combination of DL algorithm and western music history teaching design can recommend learning materials, which is of great significance in the teaching of history courses.
\ No newline at end of file
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+Introduction: The Literature of the Anthropocene
+
+Diletta De Cristofaro and Daniel Cordle introduce the special issue on the Literature of the Anthropocene. They provide the context for the issue and flesh out the main concerns of the essays included: form, scale, the reckoning of the human with the non-human, time, and the relationship between the Humanities and the Sciences.
+
+Editorial
+How to Cite: De Cristofaro, D., and Cordle, D., 2018. Introduction: The 
+­Literature of the Anthropocene. C21 Literature: Journal of 21st-century 
+Writings, 6(1): 1, pp. 1–6, DOI: https://doi.org/10.16995/c21.73
+Published: 12 February 2018
+
   	
+ 
 
+
+
+Peer Review:
+This article has been peer reviewed through the double-blind process of C21 Literature: Journal of 
+21st-century Writings, which is a journal of the Open Library of Humanities.
+Copyright:
+© 2018 The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the ­Creative 
+­Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, 
+­distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 
+See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
+Open Access:
+C21 Literature: Journal of 21st-century Writings is a peer-reviewed open access journal.
+Digital Preservation:
+The Open Library of Humanities and all its journals are digitally preserved in the CLOCKSS scholarly 
+archive service.
+The Open Library of Humanities is an open access non-profit publisher 
+of scholarly articles and monographs.
+
+
   	
+ 
 
+
+
+De Cristofaro, D., and Cordle, D., 2018. ‘Introduction: The Literature of 
+the Anthropocene’. C21 Literature: Journal of 21st-century Writings, 
+6(1): 1, pp. 1–6, DOI: https://doi.org/10.16995/c21.73
+EDITORIAL
+Introduction: The Literature of the 
+Anthropocene
+Diletta De Cristofaro1 and Daniel Cordle2
+1University of Birmingham, GB
+2Nottingham Trent University, GB
+Corresponding author: Diletta De Cristofaro (diletta.decristofaro@gmail.com)
+Diletta De Cristofaro and Daniel Cordle introduce the special issue on the 
+Literature of the Anthropocene. They provide the context for the issue 
+and flesh out the main concerns of the essays included: form, scale, the 
+­reckoning of the human with the non-human, time, and the relationship 
+between the Humanities and the Sciences.
+Keywords: the Anthropocene; contemporary fiction; form; scale; time; 
+human and non-human
+This special edition of C21 Literature addresses the pressing contemporary issue of 
+the Anthropocene. Within the last two decades, the Anthropocene has emerged as a 
+powerful term in both the Sciences and the Humanities for understanding the long-
+term human impact on the Earth through the notion of a potential new geological 
+epoch. The essays, interview and review collected here demonstrate how twenty-first 
+century literature engages this concept, troubling our sense of ourselves and of the 
+relation between humans and the planet. 
+The special issue originates from an email roundtable published in Open Library 
+of Humanities in which the co-editors of this special issue and four other members 
+of Contemporary Studies Network responded to a 2016 Guardian article by Robert 
+Macfarlane, ‘Generation Anthropocene: How Humans Have Altered the Planet 
+Forever’ (Sykes et al, 2017). The roundtable reflected upon the term Anthropocene 
+and its application as a critical tool in different fields of literary and cultural ­studies, 
+from speculative fiction and utopian/dystopian studies to nuclear fiction, from 
+Marxism to postcolonial literature and criticism, from performance studies to comics 
+
+De Cristofaro and Cordle: Introduction
+2
+and graphic novels, while also interrogating the political potential of the term. If 
+the Anthropocene Working Group has proposed that the geological era of the 
+Anthropocene dates back to the mid-twentieth century (Media Note: Anthropocene 
+Working Group, 2016), the term was itself popularised in 2000 by Paul Crutzen and 
+has become more and more prominent in the media in the last few years.1 After the 
+roundtable, it thus became apparent that the twenty-first-century literary response 
+to the Anthropocene deserved further exploration and we wanted to include a range 
+of voices and perspectives on the topic. Our contributors expand our initial ­discussion 
+in the roundtable in many exciting directions, covering different, mainly prose, forms – 
+novels, short stories, graphic novels, and non-fiction – and national literatures – 
+American, Canadian, British, French, South African, and Norwegian.
+It is a striking aspect of the Anthropocene that it often provokes literary 
+­experimentation as writers seek forms appropriate to the subject matter, and this is 
+a focus of several of the essays in this special issue. For instance, as Alla Ivanchikova 
+discusses in ‘Geomediations in the Anthropocene: Fictions of the Geologic Turn,’ 
+A. S. Byatt’s short story, ‘A Stone Woman’ (2003), is a fiction of the ‘geologic turn,’ 
+its tale of a woman turning into stone following bereavement a means not only to 
+approach grief, but also to explore a ‘shift from human time to geological deep time.’ 
+Sometimes the formal engagement with the timescales of the Anthropocene is more 
+radical still. Pointing out that our understanding of it is often shaped by visual 
+­representations (charts, graphs and so forth) and that even narratives of the 
+Anthropocene draw frequently on ‘seeing effects,’ in ‘Anthroposcenes: Towards an 
+Environmental Graphic Novel’ Laura Perry discusses the ways in which works by 
+Lauren Redniss and Richard McGuire exploit opportunities provided by the graphic 
+novel form to engage the Anthropocene and explore how visual phenomena both 
+enable and constrain our understanding.
+The move in these stories from individuals to the planet, from a moment in 
+time to the rolling depths of geological time, points to another preoccupation of 
+	
+1	 See Sarah Dillon’s article ‘The Horror of the Anthropocene’ in this special issue for an excellent history 
+of the term and summary of the scientific debates around it. 
+
+De Cristofaro and Cordle: Introduction
+3
+Anthropocene fictions: scaling. This poses a special challenge for literature. We are 
+used to narrative trajectories – indeed, we make sense of the world through narrative 
+trajectories – that operate on the human scale, curtailed temporally (usually within 
+the lifetime of a single human being; certainly, only very rarely extending beyond 
+two or three generations), spatially (being focused through one location at any given 
+narrative moment) and existentially (with meaning defined in human terms). The 
+Anthropocene challenges us to think beyond these perspectives, to think beyond the 
+human even though we inevitably cannot escape that subject position. In ‘Belonging 
+to the Human and Non-Human Animals in J. M. Coetzee’s Recent Novels,’ Katarzyna 
+Nowak-McNeice discusses how the idea of ‘entanglement’ might help us ­understand 
+the ways in which the concept of the human is mediated through complex 
+­interactions with animals in J. M. Coetzee’s ‘Jesus’ novels. In ‘Radical Homemaking 
+in Contemporary American Environmental Fiction,’ Kristin J. Jacobson examines 
+broader environmental contexts, showing how narratives of family in works by 
+Barbara Kingsolver, Jonathan Franzen and T. C. Boyle slide between domestic and 
+planetary, human and nonhuman, concerns.
+There is a certain ambiguity to the idea of the Anthropocene itself, whereby 
+it is, on the one hand, the culmination of our anthropocentric attitudes as the 
+human-dominated geological epoch and, on the other, an epoch that entails the very 
+­palpable risk of humanity’s end and that thus requires a reframing of the role and 
+concept of humanity itself. It is against the anthropocentrism of the Anthropocene 
+that Donna Haraway calls the for a new ‘name for the dynamic ongoing ­sym-chthonic 
+forces and powers of which people are a part,’ the Chthulucene, positing that ‘Maybe, 
+but only maybe, and only with intense commitment and collaborative work and play 
+with other terrans, flourishing for rich multispecies assemblages that include people 
+will be possible’ (2015: 160). This reckoning of the human with the non-human and 
+the post-human is central to our contributors’ essays. Sarah Dillon’s ‘The Horror of 
+the Anthropocene’ traces a generic move to horror within the ­literary mainstream 
+as a response to the ‘planetary fear’ induced by the Anthropocene. Dillon discusses 
+Cormac McCarthy’s The Road (2006) as a ‘terrifying evocation of the world-without-
+us’ and engages with Haraway’s Chthulucene to foreground the legacies of horror in 
+
+De Cristofaro and Cordle: Introduction
+4
+the term. Rachele Dini’s ‘“The Problem of This Trash Society”: Anthropogenic Waste 
+and the Neoliberal City in Super-Cannes, Millennium People and Kingdom Come’ 
+analyses waste, disused spaces, excretions, and surplus entities in J. G. Ballard’s post-
+millennial novels. Dini argues that Ballard’s ‘myriad waste forms.’ through their 
+‘obstruct[ion of] the flow of capital and goods, and [their] pollut[ion of] what are 
+otherwise friction-free environments,’ have the potential to undermine the 
+­neoliberal system in its complicity with the ‘Capitalocene’ – Jason Moore’s take on 
+the Anthropocene that underlines the role of capitalism in the environmental ­crises 
+(2016). Through an analysis that bridges non-fiction and fiction, Gib Prettyman’s 
+‘Anthropocene Knowledge Practices in McKenzie Wark’s Molecular Red and Kim 
+Stanley Robinson’s Aurora’ argues that the Anthropocene challenge conceptions 
+of what it means to be human, forcing us to ‘un-see our traditional perceptions of 
+self-separation from our environment and work to perceive more accurately our 
+intra-active entanglement with matter’.
+In exposing how curtailed our understanding is by our anthropocentric 
+­perspective, the Anthropocene challenges us to think beyond the human scale, to 
+imagine – limited though such intellectual leaps must be – planetary forces, ­histories 
+and spaces in the face of which we shrink into insignificance. While our cumulative 
+local actions shape, potentially catastrophically, our planet, the Anthropocene also 
+reminds us how planetary forces may extinguish, and will certainly outlast, us. In 
+particular, because the term originates as a denotation for a geological epoch, the 
+Anthropocene evokes deep time. With deep time comes a problem of perception 
+and representation: how to perceive and represent the network of connections and 
+effects diffused over centuries and millennia, especially when these connections 
+and effects may well go beyond human history. This is the problem highlighted by 
+Dipesh Chakrabarty in ‘The Climate of History: Four Theses’ (2009), where he points 
+out that climate change challenges our capacity for historical understanding. To put 
+it with the words of Canadian novelist Douglas Coupland, human beings are affected 
+by ‘Centennial Blindness,’ ‘The inability . . . to understand future time frames longer 
+than about a hundred years. Many people have its cousin, Decimal Blindness – 
+the inability to think beyond a ten-year span – and some people have the higher 
+
+De Cristofaro and Cordle: Introduction
+5
+speed version, Crastinal Blindness – the inability to think past tomorrow’ (2011: 219). 
+This inability, and the ensuing ‘disjuncture between individual consciousness and 
+self-awareness at species level,’ is at the heart of Patricia Malone’s ‘Less Human, 
+More Ourselves: Michel Houellebecq’s Neohumans and the Anthropocene Subject’. 
+Malone deploys the notion of ‘shadowtime’ to argue that Houellebecq’s ­neohuman 
+future narrators in The Possibility of an Island (2005) allow us to bridge the 
+gap between human and deep history and, as ‘intermediary figures,’ mediate the 
+‘ontological shock of [our] non-existence’.
+As will be apparent from this brief introduction, and from the essays ­themselves, 
+although the term has its origins in the earth sciences, the Anthropocene is something 
+with which contemporary culture is actively engaged. Indeed, the Anthropocene is 
+a powerful concept around which multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary ­projects 
+might coalesce. Because it involves physical processes, geological change, the 
+­history of our species upon the planet, how we organise ourselves in the light of our 
+growing consciousness of the role we play in shaping that planet, and – crucially – 
+how we construct narratives to make sense of all this, the Anthropocene is a fertile 
+site for projects in both the Humanities and the Sciences. Further, it is apparent, as 
+Andrew Hageman’s interview with the Norwegian novelist, Berit Ellingsen, makes 
+clear, that some writers are acutely self-conscious – and knowledgeable – about the 
+Anthropocene.
+Understanding the Anthropocene is of crucial contemporary importance. As 
+the essays in this collection show, twenty-first century literature provokes important 
+­questions about what the Anthropocene is, how we make sense of it and how our 
+sense of what it is to be human – and how we might act in the world – are changed 
+by it. At its best, literature is a means by which we know ourselves; at its most 
+­provocative, it is the means by which our sense of self is challenged and transformed. 
+Although the Anthropocene should be understood as a product of reading as much 
+as it is of writing – and hence literature from all periods, not just the contemporary, 
+might usefully be read as engaging it – the emerging self-consciousness about 
+the relations between humans, the planet and deep time makes twenty-first 
+century literature a site where narratives of the Anthropocene are particularly 
+
+De Cristofaro and Cordle: Introduction
+6
+densely clustered. This collection of essays begins the work of bringing these texts 
+into conversation with one another and with non-literary Anthropocene narratives. 
+We hope that it will provoke further work in this vital field.
+Competing Interests
+The authors have no competing interests to declare.
+References
+Chakrabarty, D., 2009. The Climate of History: Four Theses. Critical Inquiry, 35(2): 
+197–222. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/596640
+Coupland, D., 2011. Player One. London: Windmill Books. 
+Haraway, D., 2015. Anthropocene, Capitalocene, Plantationocene, ­Chthulucene: 
+Making Kin. Environmental Humanities, 6: 159–165. DOI: https://doi.org/
+10.1215/22011919-3615934
+Media note: Anthropocene Working Group (AWG), 2016. University of Leices­
+ter. (August 29) Available at http://www2.le.ac.uk/offices/press/press-
+releases/2016/august/media-note-anthropocene-working-group-awg.
+Moore, J. (Ed.), 2016. Anthropocene or Capitalocene? Nature, History, and the Crisis of 
+Capitalism. Oakland, CA: PM Press.
+Sykes, R., et al., 2017. Contemporary Studies Network Roundtable: Responding to 
+Robert Macfarlane’s Generation Anthropocene. Open Library of Humanities, 3(1). 
+DOI: https://doi.org/10.16995/olh.153
+How to cite this article: De Cristofaro, D., and Cordle, D., 2018. Introduction: The 
+Literature of the Anthropocene. C21 Literature: Journal of 21st-century Writings, 6(1): 1, 
+pp. 1–6, DOI: https://doi.org/10.16995/c21.73
+Published: 12 February 2018
+Copyright: © 2018 The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the 
+terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0), which 
+permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the 
+original author and source are credited. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
+
+             	
+    OPEN ACCESS 
+C21 Literature: Journal of 21st-century Writings is a 
+peer-reviewed open access journal published by Open 
+Library of Humanities.
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+Social Reproduction or Revolution? A Sociological Interrogation of Music Education’s Purpose and Potentials
+
+This review article critically engages with the sociological perspectives on capital, class, status and social reproduction shared in the second section of the Routledge Handbook to Sociology of Music Education.Exploring the application of sociological theories and concepts in various music education contexts, three core themes identified across chapters are examined: the politics of belonging; illusio and governance; and professionalism and capital.Through this, we argue that music education carries a social and societal responsibility, demanding nuanced considerations of the ethical and political complexity inherent in policy, practice, and research.Considerations that the Handbook exemplifies in challenging and inspiring ways.
+
+Action, Criticism, and Theory for Music Education  
+ 
+May 2023. Vol 22 (1): 83–102. doi:10.22176/act22.1.83       
+ 
+ 
+ 
+© Rohan Hardy and Alexis Anja Kallio. The content of this article is the sole responsibility of the 
+authors. The ACT Journal and the Mayday Group are not liable for any legal actions that may arise 
+involving the article's content, including, but not limited to, copyright infringement. 
+ 
+ 
+Social Reproduction or Revolution?  
+A Sociological Interrogation of Music 
+Education's Purpose and Potentials 
+ 
+ 
+Rohan Hardy  
+Queensland Conservatorium Griffith University (Australia) 
+ 
+Alexis Anja Kallio 
+Queensland Conservatorium Griffith University (Australia) 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+Abstract 
+This review article critically engages with the sociological perspectives on capital, class, 
+status and social reproduction shared in the second section of the Routledge Handbook 
+to Sociology of Music Education. Exploring the application of sociological theories and 
+concepts in various music education contexts, three core themes identified across chapters 
+are examined: the politics of belonging; illusio and governance; and professionalism and 
+capital. Through this, we argue that music education carries a social and societal respon-
+sibility, demanding nuanced considerations of the ethical and political complexity inher-
+ent in policy, practice, and research. Considerations that the Handbook exemplifies in 
+challenging and inspiring ways. 
+ 
+Keywords 
+Belonging, governance, sociology of music education, politics, professionalism  
+ 
+ 
+
+Action, Criticism, and Theory for Music Education 22 (1) 
+ 84 
+ 
+ 
+Hardy, Rohan, and Alexis Anja Kallio. 2023. Social reproduction or revolution? A sociological in-
+terrogation of music education’s purpose and potentials. Action, Criticism, and Theory for Music 
+Education 22 (1): 83–102. https://doi.org/10.22176/act22.1.83 
+ierre Bourdieu (2000) described the work of the sociologist as paradoxical, 
+breaking “the enchanted circle of collective denial” (5) by shining a light 
+on “what we least want to know about what we are” (8). As sociological 
+theories have been applied, explored, and extended within the field of music edu-
+cation, Sidsel Karlsen (2021) notes that the primary questions that arise are: em-
+pirical, considering “What does music education... mean to these people, in this 
+particular context?”; related to matters of structural power and social hierarchy, 
+asking “Who benefits from that?”; and revelatory, contributing new understand-
+ings as to “What does all this reveal about who we are as music educators?” (139). 
+With Bourdieu’s caution in mind, the second section of The Routledge Handbook 
+to Sociology of Music Education (Wright, Johansen, Kanellopoulos, and Schmidt 
+2021, 167), which focuses on the themes of Capital, Class, Status, and Social Re-
+production, may seem like a recipe for some rather bleak reading. However, the 
+twelve chapters move beyond straightforward critique and do more than raise a 
+mirror to the flaws and shortcomings of our field. Chapters grapple with the ethical 
+complexities that accompany critical interrogations of contextualized power and 
+inequality and put sociological theory to work in nuanced and hopeful ways. Sec-
+tion editor Geir Johansen (2021a) writes that these chapters “describe a wide vari-
+ety of ways in which to address the social and societal responsibility of music 
+education and its educators” (168, emphasis added), making this section as much 
+about what is as what could be. It is this more future-oriented stance with which 
+we wish to engage in this paper. In our readings, we identified three core themes 
+woven throughout the book section: (i) the politics of belonging, (ii) illusio and 
+governance, and (iii) professionalism and capital, each of which we conceptualize 
+and discuss in relation to chapters of The Routledge Handbook to Sociology of 
+Music Education (Wright, Johansen, Kanellopoulos, and Schmidt 2021, 167) in 
+turn.  
+ 
+The Politics of Belonging   
+It is difficult to disagree with a desire to belong, or to foster belonging in and 
+through music education, yet the pathways to social inclusion are not always linear 
+nor wholly “good.” The spatial metaphors often applied to music education 
+through the discourses of inclusion focus our attention on the boundaries: “it’s 
+them, and us,” “either you’re in tune, or you’re out—literally” (Holder 2020). Yet, 
+P 
+
+Action, Criticism, and Theory for Music Education 22 (1) 
+ 85 
+ 
+ 
+Hardy, Rohan, and Alexis Anja Kallio. 2023. Social reproduction or revolution? A sociological in-
+terrogation of music education’s purpose and potentials. Action, Criticism, and Theory for Music 
+Education 22 (1): 83–102. https://doi.org/10.22176/act22.1.83 
+equating inclusion with group membership is problematic, particularly in light of 
+more relational conceptualizations of music education (e.g., Miettinen 2021; Carey 
+and Grant 2016; Lind and McKoy 2016; Hess 2015) that emphasize negotiation 
+and context-responsivity. Heidi Westerlund and Sidsel Karlsen (2017) even argue 
+that celebrations of diversity have “resulted in a tendency to further ethnicize and 
+even racialize music by establishing the ethnicity as the main criteria—or political 
+agenda—for musical diversity ... tying ‘musical cultures,’ peoples, and geographical 
+locations together” (79). Such developments in the sociology of music education 
+have enabled investigation of Wayne Bowman’s (2007) caution that “music is al-
+ways inclusive and exclusive” (110, emphasis added) with increasing sophistica-
+tion. Thus, in working towards a view of inclusion that can attend to the complexity 
+of social belonging, identity as transitional (Probyn 2015), and the permeability of 
+(always contested) social boundaries, we (the authors of this paper) follow Nira 
+Yuval-Davis's (2006) distinction between belonging as related to “social locations; 
+identifications and emotional attachments; and ethical and political values” (199) 
+and the politics of belonging as related to the boundaries that separate “a deline-
+ated collectivity ... [as] an act of active and situated imagination” (204). The poli-
+tics of belonging in music education thus attends to why and how imagined 
+communities (Anderson 1991) form in our universities, schools, and classrooms, 
+and to what ends. It approaches belonging as constitutive of both personal agency 
+and social negotiation.  
+Within the field of music education, identifications of who one is extend be-
+yond gendered, racialized, socioeconomic status, religious affiliation, and other so-
+cial positionings to also include musical skills, preferences, and experiences—all of 
+which have implications for belonging. In Chapter 12, Gwen Moore (2021) explores 
+music students’ experiences of higher music education in the context of “Ireland’s 
+bimusical history” (190). Drawing upon the work of Bourdieu, Moore argues that 
+the “musical values associated with the dominant musical habitus and cultural cap-
+ital in the field” (193) of higher music education, namely Western art music, estab-
+lish an “unequal playing field” (193) between students whose musical upbringings 
+align with these musical paradigms, rather than Irish traditional music. Such an 
+unequal playing field is characteristic of almost any conservatoire setting in the 
+world, as students with substantial family and financial support, encouragement, 
+access to formal Western art music lessons at school, and other privileges hold 
+“trump” cards over others (190). Yet, merely including other musics in the 
+
+Action, Criticism, and Theory for Music Education 22 (1) 
+ 86 
+ 
+ 
+Hardy, Rohan, and Alexis Anja Kallio. 2023. Social reproduction or revolution? A sociological in-
+terrogation of music education’s purpose and potentials. Action, Criticism, and Theory for Music 
+Education 22 (1): 83–102. https://doi.org/10.22176/act22.1.83 
+curriculum (without changing the rules of the “game”) has been strongly criticized, 
+enabling us to “believe that diversity is ‘properly taken care of’ while, in fact, much 
+remains to be done” (Westerlund and Karlsen 2017, 80). Although Moore (2021) 
+does not employ Bourdieu’s concept of symbolic violence directly, as “the violence 
+which is exercised upon a social agent with his or her complicity” (Bourdieu and 
+Wacquant 1992, 167), descriptions of teachers intervening in students’ musical tra-
+jectories to reshape them “by the structured principles of Western classical music” 
+(Moore 2021, 191) raises critical questions as to how, and why, we impose particu-
+lar value systems over others in and through music education. Yet, such instances, 
+as in Moore’s (2021) chapter when students are quite explicitly warned against 
+“mixing musical styles” (191) or developing more balanced bimusical identities, are 
+among more easily recognizable processes of violence, whereas others may be 
+more subtle—as other chapters in the section explore. It is also worth being mind-
+ful that “inclusion in the mainstream, and acceptance by dominant social groups 
+is not the only means by which … individuals may become powerful” (Kallio 2015, 
+100), and that exclusion itself can serve as “a means of preserving certain practices 
+and dimensions of existence from regulatory power, from normative violence” 
+(Brown 1998, 314). Thus, where symbolic violence is reliant on an underlying ac-
+ceptance of inequity, bringing these inequities to light may also exacerbate oppres-
+sion if one focuses only on the “affirming–alienating” (193) dualism and who has 
+a “feel for the game” (Bourdieu and Wacquant 1992, 98, cited in Moore 2021, 185) 
+without calling into question the rules of play (the politics of belonging). It is pre-
+cisely this that we, the authors, would like to examine in relation to Chapter 22 by 
+Ruth Wright (2021), by placing these sociological ideas in conversation with those 
+of Petter Dyndahl (2021) in Chapter 11.  
+Wright (2021) draws on the Classical Sociological canon to explore the trans-
+formative potentials of “music education as remix and life-hack" for disadvantaged 
+youth, exploring the notion “that people are affected by art, and further, that we 
+remix aesthetic resources to self-produce. ... [W]e life hack our subjectivities by 
+using the aesthetic resources available in our society” (MacDonald 2016, xiii cited 
+in Wright 2021, 321). Wright (2021) explores these theories and themes through 
+the story of Benjamin Paul Ballance-Drew, a now successful rap artist who per-
+forms under the name Plan B, whose TEDxObserver talk promotes his own 2012 
+film, “iLL Manors” (featuring his music). In this talk, Drew narrates a life of school 
+exclusion, being “ignored by society,” and finding a sense of belonging (within 
+
+Action, Criticism, and Theory for Music Education 22 (1) 
+ 87 
+ 
+ 
+Hardy, Rohan, and Alexis Anja Kallio. 2023. Social reproduction or revolution? A sociological in-
+terrogation of music education’s purpose and potentials. Action, Criticism, and Theory for Music 
+Education 22 (1): 83–102. https://doi.org/10.22176/act22.1.83 
+mainstream society) through “conscious hip hop” during his time at a pupil refer-
+ral unit in the United Kingdom. Characterizing Drew’s experiences not as individ-
+ual pathology but as an “anomic situation” (317), “an absence, breakdown, 
+confusion or conflict in the norms of a society” (Marshall 1998, 20, cited in Wright 
+2021, 317), Wright (2021) draws on Durkheimian and Mertonian sociology 
+whereby deviance is not an inherent characteristic but “is in a sense ‘called forth’ 
+by certain conventional values and by a class structure involving differential access 
+to the approved opportunities” (Merton 1938, 679, emphasis original). Wright’s 
+central argument is that music education “must allow the previously unthinkable 
+to become thinkable in our music classes, in our case sub-cultural musics” to avoid 
+or alleviate anomie or alienation amongst our students, just as Drew discovered “a 
+more socially coherent path” (Wright 2021, 318), which might be considered as a 
+(re)formation of the self through hip hop and rap. Noting that the root cause of 
+“anomie is social inequality” (Wright 2021, 319), Wright positions music within a 
+complex dialectic of social reproduction and transformation, a dialectic that is fur-
+ther explored in Dyndahl’s (2021) chapter, as he engages with the Rancièrian un-
+derpinnings of Gert Biesta’s theoretical writings to explore the question: what is 
+music education for?  
+Engaging with this notion of self-making, Dyndahl (2021) critiques Biesta’s 
+notion of subjectification, which is derived from Rancière’s writings and defined 
+as working towards “ways of being that hint at independence" (Biesta 2010, 21, 
+cited in Dyndahl 2021, 170). Dyndahl (2021) argues that this perspective on sub-
+jectification has been adopted relatively uncritically in many education fields, as 
+an “undivided beneficial aim for all education” (180). As an alternative, Dyndahl 
+(2021) proposes a Foucauldian view of the power relations in play through his con-
+cept of subjectivation: being “subject to someone else by control and dependence, 
+and tied to his own identity by a conscience or self-knowledge" (Foucault 2001, 
+331, cited in Dyndahl 2021, 180). Dyndahl (2021) views subjectivation as a concept 
+“analogous to Bourdieu’s habitus concept, meaning that the body not only exists 
+in society, but society also exists in the body” (180). It is here that a discrepancy 
+arises. Whereas Foucauldian subjectivation can offer a valuable lens, it is also lim-
+ited, as “everything Foucault is focusing on [is]... situated in the space of what 
+[Rancière] call[s] the police” (Rancière 2000, 1). The police, for Rancière, repre-
+sent “the regime of identity and the calculus of identities, the symbolic constitution 
+of a society as a set of defined and identifiable groups” (Rancière 2010, 176). 
+
+Action, Criticism, and Theory for Music Education 22 (1) 
+ 88 
+ 
+ 
+Hardy, Rohan, and Alexis Anja Kallio. 2023. Social reproduction or revolution? A sociological in-
+terrogation of music education’s purpose and potentials. Action, Criticism, and Theory for Music 
+Education 22 (1): 83–102. https://doi.org/10.22176/act22.1.83 
+Accordingly, Foucauldian subjectivation is only a useful perspective for under-
+standing processes of identification and individuation amongst those who already 
+exist within an established “order of bodies that defines the allocation of ways of 
+doing, ways of being, and ways of saying, and that sees those bodies are assigned 
+by name to a particular place and task” (Rancière 2010, 25).  
+Importantly, Rancièrian subjectification—and that which informs Biesta’s 
+thinking—focuses on the political subjectivities of those who do not count, those 
+who are not recognized to exist. Unlike subjectivation, subjectification—and thus 
+politics—are processes that perturb the police order through disidentification ra-
+ther than identification. These processes constitute an “intervention in the visible 
+and the sayable” that reconfigures the police order (Rancière 2010, 37), only to be 
+reformed and ruptured again in another verification of equality. We would argue 
+that such rupturing processes of Rancièrian subjectification are rarely “an undi-
+vided beneficial aim for all education” (Dyndahl 2021, 180) in schools, but most 
+especially in contexts such as prisons, juvenile detention facilities, or pupil referral 
+units such as described in Wright’s (2021) chapter (22). If, as sociologist Jock 
+Young (2007) summarizes, “mass education ... is the nursing ground of equal op-
+portunity, yet, as subcultural theorists from Albert Cohen to Paul Willis have 
+pointed out, its structures serve to reproduce ... divisions” (32–33), then the dis-
+ruption that subjectification demands would mean that such instances (however 
+important) are likely infrequent, discouraged, and fleeting.  
+It is also through this perspective that we might reflect upon the emancipatory 
+role of music in Wright’s chapter. Was “the previously unthinkable ... [made] 
+thinkable” (Wright 2021, 318) for Drew and his teachers? Or was Drew’s process 
+of self (re)formation one that reinforced the police order with Durkheimian ano-
+mie framing his social exclusion through the individualized allure of integration, 
+as a personal inability to cope with “conditions of uncertainty and lack of regula-
+tion” (Wright 2021, 317)? What then of the "root causes” of “bigotry, extremism, 
+injustice, and exclusion” (313)? While music may have provided Drew with im-
+portant tools to achieve a “feel for the game” (Moore 2021, 185), the social inclu-
+sion achieved through the “conscious hip hop” only makes subjectivation possible 
+within a game designed and controlled by the police order. Whilst we would advo-
+cate strongly for music to be accessible for all young people, especially those expe-
+riencing disadvantage or social exclusion, we are wary that good intentions may 
+reproduce the very “exclusions [that music education] attempts to remedy and in 
+
+Action, Criticism, and Theory for Music Education 22 (1) 
+ 89 
+ 
+ 
+Hardy, Rohan, and Alexis Anja Kallio. 2023. Social reproduction or revolution? A sociological in-
+terrogation of music education’s purpose and potentials. Action, Criticism, and Theory for Music 
+Education 22 (1): 83–102. https://doi.org/10.22176/act22.1.83 
+doing so replays the resentments which underlie the deep social divisions within 
+late modern society” (Young 2007, 129).  
+Perhaps, then, the problem is not that subjectification is an inherently flawed 
+concept or one that is fundamentally anti-sociological, but rather that Biesta un-
+derplays the political (in the Rancièrian sense) dimensions and the tensions that 
+inevitably arise in formal education settings. Indeed, Biesta’s (2009, 2017) peda-
+gogy of interruption has largely been applied at an individual level (e.g., Wester-
+lund, Kallio, and Karlsen 2022), in terms of both student identity and desires. Less 
+attention has been paid to the interruption of education or broader social systems 
+themselves, within which Rancièrian subjectification may remain an impossible 
+ideal or fleeting disturbance. Indeed, the police order may remain an attractive al-
+ternative to subjectification or a placative performance for those seeking belonging 
+within (or at least no trouble with) the imagined community of the powerful.  
+ 
+Illusio and Governance  
+The desire (let alone the ability) to belong within social groupings is complex, and 
+both the arts and education have a key role in individual subjectivation/subjectifi-
+cation but also the expansion or reinforcement of the boundaries that determine 
+who is included in (and in turn, excluded from) any given collective. Johansen 
+(2021b), in Chapter 21, considers this attraction to particular social fields through 
+Bourdieu’s concepts of doxa and illusio. Doxa, here, is not unlike Rancière’s police 
+order, and it “entails those unspoken rules, rooted in unquestioned truths defining 
+what is discursively appropriate” (Johansen 2021b, 302), whereas “illusio points 
+to what makes particular social fields attractive to particular social groups” (302). 
+In other words,  
+if someone is invested in the illusio of a field, they are motivated by its stakes as 
+something worth struggling over; they see the investment of their own time, ef-
+fort, and emotion as a valuable endeavour; and they are committed to reaping the 
+rewards of the field, that is, they see something worth aspiring towards. Once an 
+illusio is personally invested in, a trajectory is formed where one is “taken in and 
+by the game” (Bourdieu and Wacquant 1992, 116, cited in Threadgold 2018, 39).   
+The influence of often competing social gravities and the multiple (and fluid) 
+belongings of both teachers and students have significant implications for critical 
+music education. Furthermore, the transformative potential of music education 
+upon such a landscape requires a deep commitment to reflexive ethics if it is to be 
+
+Action, Criticism, and Theory for Music Education 22 (1) 
+ 90 
+ 
+ 
+Hardy, Rohan, and Alexis Anja Kallio. 2023. Social reproduction or revolution? A sociological in-
+terrogation of music education’s purpose and potentials. Action, Criticism, and Theory for Music 
+Education 22 (1): 83–102. https://doi.org/10.22176/act22.1.83 
+more than a civilizing tool to inscribe a “certain type of cultural accumulation and 
+a certain image of cultural accomplishment” (Bourdieu 1984, 25). The extent to 
+which illusio engages the individual as an accomplice in their own subjugation is a 
+challenging sociological investigation for any context of music education, including 
+research.  
+Athena Lill's (2021) chapter (14) focuses on music and the social imaginaries 
+of young people, and in particular, the emancipatory potentials for these “imagi-
+naries ... to transform reality whilst simultaneously being transformed by the prac-
+tices of individuals” (210). Lill (2021) notes that “within every school is a distinct 
+‘underlife’ ... a shared project of resistance” (211) that is made possible through 
+spaces such as “the Internet and the physical space of the school” (212). The allure 
+of self-management and promotion that the internet and social media seem to pro-
+vide is not restricted to youth, and there has been a widespread assumption that 
+“digitization leads to the democratization of the music market and better career 
+chances for musicians” (Schwetter 2019, 186). However, despite the potential for 
+self-making (subjectivation) that these spaces afford by their very nature, they are 
+also sites of governance and surveillance. The musical expressions of the tweens in 
+Lill’s (2021) chapter are thus simultaneously expressions of identity and becoming, 
+as well as a reinforcement of “media-constructed” tween values and identities. 
+Thus, we might question the extent to which “tweens themselves ... [can] emanci-
+pat[e] themselves from the construction of this group [tweenagers] by adults” 
+(211), particularly when the tween imaginary itself was created, and continues to 
+be shaped, by transnational conglomerates via professional influencers and pred-
+atory advertising. Their willingness to project "their intimate friendship ... onto the 
+global stage” (215) through music, 2-minute makeovers, parody dances, and com-
+edy sketches is as much about their growing independence as it is the exploitation 
+of their “labor to create commodified cultural products which [are then sold] back 
+to [them]” (Martens 2011, 49) “veiled in activities that are appealing, social, and 
+fun” (64). While the musical activities of the tweens explored by Lill (2021) exist 
+outside of the school context, this entanglement between emancipation and exploi-
+tation raises important questions for school music education. While it has long 
+been argued that understanding music as social action places a different “ethic of 
+care” on the shoulders of teachers (Elliott 2012; Kallio 2015), positioning music 
+within the coercive politics of late capitalism raises critical questions relating to 
+
+Action, Criticism, and Theory for Music Education 22 (1) 
+ 91 
+ 
+ 
+Hardy, Rohan, and Alexis Anja Kallio. 2023. Social reproduction or revolution? A sociological in-
+terrogation of music education’s purpose and potentials. Action, Criticism, and Theory for Music 
+Education 22 (1): 83–102. https://doi.org/10.22176/act22.1.83 
+how we ought to prepare future music teachers, alongside the broader questions of 
+what school music education is for.  
+While the neoliberalization of music education policies and practices in a vari-
+ety of settings has been subject to considerable critique (Bradley and Goble 2021), 
+Øivind Varkøy (2021) argues in Chapter 17 for greater reflexivity and nuance. This, 
+he suggests, can be found through a “more profound understanding of neoliberal-
+ism; as a political rationality” (247). Transcending understandings of neoliberal-
+ism as right-wing politics, Varkøy (2021) adopts a Foucauldian lens in analyzing 
+neoliberalism as “a kind of governmental reason” (248) that imposes itself on the 
+whole of society, music education included. Whereas for Lill’s (2021) young girls 
+this political rationality shaped their induction to the “game” of musical produc-
+tion/consumption, Varkøy (2021) relates this to music education policy in partic-
+ular, noting that politicians “seldom base their schemes and thinking on solid 
+knowledge that confirms the causality between the experiences of or activities 
+within music and the wanted outcome ... but political beliefs” (252) as a ritual ra-
+tionality through which “music possesses magical powers” (252). Such magical 
+powers are familiar to many school music educators, but particularly those work-
+ing in contexts where music is introduced to be transformative, such as youth jus-
+tice systems and community contexts. (We are reminded of this illusio of magic 
+critiqued as kitsch in an article by Kertz-Welzel in 2016 and critiqued as a civilizing 
+power by Hickey 2015). Attending to this ritual rationality as (at least) an oversim-
+plification, Patrick Schmidt (2021) describes how these “moralising or dogmatic 
+engagements ... function ... mostly descriptively, as critiques [that] downplay the 
+hybridity of ... social spaces by creating iconic representations that only partially 
+reflect reality” (236). Schmidt (2021) likens this to a form of ontological gerry-
+mandering, whereby “traditional conceptualizations of social problems in terms of 
+objective conditions and causes” give way to a definitionalist approach that por-
+trays “statements about conditions and behaviours as objective while relativizing 
+the definitions and claims made about them” (Woolgar and Pawluch 1985, 216). 
+Although approaching the problem from very different perspectives, both Schmidt 
+(2021) and Varkøy (2021) advocate for less normative and more complex perspec-
+tives on the “sociological tensions between human and cultural capital asymme-
+tries” (Schmidt 2021, 244) in music education. Where Schmidt (2021) suggests 
+that “an expansion on environmental analyses based on sociological theory and 
+method” (245) opens new possibilities for organizations to engage with diverse 
+
+Action, Criticism, and Theory for Music Education 22 (1) 
+ 92 
+ 
+ 
+Hardy, Rohan, and Alexis Anja Kallio. 2023. Social reproduction or revolution? A sociological in-
+terrogation of music education’s purpose and potentials. Action, Criticism, and Theory for Music 
+Education 22 (1): 83–102. https://doi.org/10.22176/act22.1.83 
+groups of people in meaningful ways, Varkøy (2021) sees promise in philosophy in 
+working towards “profound political and social critique and action” (254).   
+Yet, the complexity and “ambivalence” (Schmidt 2021) of musical ensembles, 
+policies, and practices may not always be readily apparent, and many are invested 
+in the illusio. In Chapter 15, Gareth Dylan Smith (2021) gives an example of the 
+policy doublespeak characteristic of ontological gerrymandering in the United 
+Kingdom, where the policy marketization and promotion of “challenger institu-
+tions” of higher popular music education as democratizing alternatives simultane-
+ously and “almost entirely subsidiz[e] ‘high culture’ venues and companies” (Smith 
+2021, 219). Similarly, in Chapter 19, Martin Fautley (2021) argues that “hegemony 
+... exerted by those with power over the curriculum” (276) has generated an inter-
+nalist fallacy whereby “knowledge is given, and [is] something that has to be ac-
+quired,” (276) but then anyone wanting to be identified as educated experiences 
+“knowledge changes ... as internal features of the knowledge itself” (276). Such ex-
+amples can be seen to perpetuate a broad Hidden Curriculum that operates to pre-
+serve the illusio as “the ideological and subliminal message presented within the 
+overt curriculum” (Pinar et al. 1995, 27). In Chapter 21, Johansen (2021b) explores 
+three ways in which the Hidden Curriculum can manifest in music education: as 
+the “sides of the curriculum ... yet to be discovered … hidden by someone … and 
+[those] sides of a curriculum [that are] revealed to some but remain hidden by oth-
+ers” (301). Particularly in the latter, Johansen (2021b) extends familiar discussions 
+that have largely focused on the dominance of Western classical music in formal 
+education settings—and increasingly, musical hierarchies in popular music educa-
+tion contexts (see Dyndahl 2016)—to the underlying values and ideologies that are 
+propagated through teaching music. Johansen (2021b) focuses particularly on the 
+ways in which hidden curricula can (re)enforce the illusio of unjust “games” and 
+“enable[e] and giv[e] room for sexism, sexual discrimination, and harassment” 
+(306), from the enforcement of provocative concert dress codes to the lack of con-
+sequences for sexual predators in the European Association of Conservatoires. Yet, 
+while some injustices are revealed to some, Johansen (2021b) also notes that they 
+are hidden for others. He offers the example of LGBTQI+ students who are re-
+quired to contend with “hetero-normative attitudes ... and a lack of spaces for iden-
+tity to evolve as well as being solidified and embraced” (307), seen to “exist” in 
+some senses but not in others.  
+
+Action, Criticism, and Theory for Music Education 22 (1) 
+ 93 
+ 
+ 
+Hardy, Rohan, and Alexis Anja Kallio. 2023. Social reproduction or revolution? A sociological in-
+terrogation of music education’s purpose and potentials. Action, Criticism, and Theory for Music 
+Education 22 (1): 83–102. https://doi.org/10.22176/act22.1.83 
+So, what does one do with this awareness? Johansen (2021b) suggests that our 
+response ought to be guided by ethics and consideration of potential harm, while 
+also welcoming the conflicts that inevitably arise as an opportunity to “critically 
+interrogate who is included in the educational community” (Kallio 2021, 163). Yet, 
+as Johansen (2021b) notes, “this is easier said than done” (308) and requires new 
+skills in fostering “active, creative, and political engagement[s] in music education 
+that foreground ... relationality, connectedness, and an ethic of care—however dif-
+ficult and discomforting” (Kallio 2021, 163).  
+In fostering philosophical reassurance towards such discomforts, and recon-
+ciling these “conflicting, oppositional stances” (Smith 2021, 226), Smith (2021) 
+suggests that a punk pedagogical approach might enable students to “embrace con-
+tradictions, acknowledge conflict, and, above all, think for themselves” (226). 
+However, he notes that the current climate of education, as one driven by qualifi-
+cation and teacher accountability, constructs an education system of providers and 
+“customers,” not unlike the consumer-culture described by Lill (2021). The game 
+of education then, may not be so much about social change or even individual self-
+making, but a marketized illusio in which we are willing participants in our own 
+governance. As such, a punk ethos may well be an effective means by which “mu-
+sicians, educators, and scholars … confront ... bullshit and double speak where we 
+see them” (Smith 2021, 228)—if we see them. Indeed, in line with Seth Kahn-
+Egan's (1998) definition of punk pedagogy as one that “teaches students that re-
+sistance resulting from inertia is pointless, as is rebellion for its own sake” (101), 
+one needs to know the “game” before one can change the rules.  
+ 
+Professionalism and Capital  
+Viewing education, as Smith (2021) suggests, as “a space that should disturb, a 
+space of difficulty—a space that challenges complacent thinking” (226), raises im-
+portant questions as to what constitutes professionalism in music education. The 
+imperative to prepare future professionals to work in such a space of negotiation, 
+tension, and disruption is vastly different to characterizations of professionalism 
+as “performances (of individual subjects or organizations) that serve as measures 
+of productivity or output, or displays of ‘quality,’ or ‘moments’ of promotion or in-
+spection” (Ball 2003, 216). Such performances, to which individual teachers can 
+be held accountable, have been criticised as a distraction from democracy—
+
+Action, Criticism, and Theory for Music Education 22 (1) 
+ 94 
+ 
+ 
+Hardy, Rohan, and Alexis Anja Kallio. 2023. Social reproduction or revolution? A sociological in-
+terrogation of music education’s purpose and potentials. Action, Criticism, and Theory for Music 
+Education 22 (1): 83–102. https://doi.org/10.22176/act22.1.83 
+reinforcing neoliberal governance and inequality (e.g., Jenlink 2017; Sahlberg and 
+Walker 2021). However, Christine Carroll (2021) cautions that employing peda-
+gogical approaches “centered solely around the knower [in striving towards dem-
+ocratic practice] may obscure or even impede access to valuable knowledge” (206), 
+particularly when these intersect with educational hierarchies in ways that rein-
+force distinctions between “high” and “low” art. Such dichotomies, between art 
+forms and also between pedagogical approaches, Carroll argues, are underpinned 
+by assumptions and values that are often neglected in arguments of what good 
+practice and professionalism are. For example, as many policymakers attempt to 
+ensure quality in the classroom, a “circularity of teaching and assessment” is often 
+generated, “where the purpose of teaching seems to have become concerned 
+mainly with the data production; the ‘datafication’ of teaching” (Fautley 2021, 
+283).  
+While Fautley (2021) focuses primarily on student assessment, these questions 
+can also be asked of teacher preparation. For example, the Queensland govern-
+ment in Australia have attempted to mitigate concerns over teacher quality and 
+professionalism through the implementation of a scripted curriculum (Barton, 
+Garvis, and Ryan 2014), “pre-packaged lesson plans that explicitly script out ex-
+actly what the teacher will say, show, and do—and often even how students are 
+expected to respond—so that the teacher only need read from a manual in order to 
+deliver the lesson” (Fitz and Nikolaidis 2020, 195). Returning to Schmidt’s (2021) 
+argument in Chapter 16, such “distortion and cooptation of critical ways of know-
+ing and thinking and the consequent entrenchment and ossification of personal 
+and institutional positions” (Schmidt 2021, 232) result not in the professionaliza-
+tion of the field but a “washback” cycle, where “what is assessed becomes what is 
+valued, which becomes what is taught” (McEwen 1995, 42, as cited in Fautley 2021, 
+283). However, politics (in the Rancièrian sense of disrupting the police order) is 
+not easy work, and it arguably requires regular, and strategic, concessions.  
+In Chapter 20, Chris Philpott and Gary Spruce (2021) draw upon the work of 
+Anthony Giddens (1984) to examine the “dynamic dialectic between human agency 
+and structure which makes generative creative action by individuals possible, and 
+consequently affords the possibility for human agency to have the power to both 
+reproduce and transform society” (Philpott and Spruce 2021, 289). When music 
+teachers or scholars “find their values challenged or displaced by the terrors of per-
+formativity” (Ball 2003, 216) demanded of neoliberal cooptations of 
+
+Action, Criticism, and Theory for Music Education 22 (1) 
+ 95 
+ 
+ 
+Hardy, Rohan, and Alexis Anja Kallio. 2023. Social reproduction or revolution? A sociological in-
+terrogation of music education’s purpose and potentials. Action, Criticism, and Theory for Music 
+Education 22 (1): 83–102. https://doi.org/10.22176/act22.1.83 
+professionalism or ontological gerrymandering, responses cannot necessarily dis-
+rupt the system entirely or once-and-for-all. Indeed, many educational institutions 
+and systems demand demonstrations of professional competence as a teacher or 
+scholar, further reinforcing and reproducing the systems that constrain opportu-
+nities for agency. Philpott and Spruce (2021) propose Priestley et al.’s (2015) eco-
+logical model as one framework for understanding agency in these contradictory 
+spaces “as a configuration of influences from the past, orientations toward the fu-
+ture, and engagement with the present” (23, as cited in Philpott and Spruce 2021, 
+290). In other words, implicit personal beliefs and values arise as a result of a 
+teacher's own experience of music-making and music education (or as Priestley et 
+al. 2015 call “life histories” and “professional histories”).  
+The complexity of these experiences that form a music teacher’s ontological, 
+epistemological, pedagogical, and ethical values influence and structure “everyday 
+practice, but also engagement with and the nature of their agency” (Philpott and 
+Spruce 2021, 291). As such, one might expect a teacher with a background of im-
+provisation to be more willing to take risks and exercise agency in ways that place 
+them in vulnerable positions than teachers trained within a musical culture that 
+strictly adheres to a musical score or fosters ideals of perfectionism (Wiggins 2011). 
+The tensions that underly professional practice establish a dualism between risk 
+and agency, as teachers navigate different teaching contexts and musical worlds. It 
+is through pre-service teacher education that the potential for disrupting these lay-
+ers of hidden and tacit structural and cultural binds exists, where “agency can be 
+intuitive and unintentional and yet has more potential power when it is motivated, 
+intentional, deliberate, and purposeful” (Philpott and Spruce 2021, 296). Profes-
+sionalism may thus be reconsidered from an accountability to others, to an agency 
+where teachers are “the architects of their own curriculum” (Fautley 2021, 279). 
+Perhaps aligning with Smith’s (2021) punk pedagogical approach, Fautley (2021) 
+describes the emergence of a “folk pedagogy,” in which “teachers’ implicit under-
+standings are privileged over policy requirements” (279), thus challenging the fix-
+ity of educational structures from within. Recognizing that “teacher agency is 
+heavily bound up with learning agency and that the latter underpins the former” 
+(Philpott and Spruce 2021, 298), professionalism in music education is then re-
+framed from a quantifiable demonstration of knowledge or skill to a moral com-
+mitment to “understand our relationships ... as under construction” (Westerlund 
+
+Action, Criticism, and Theory for Music Education 22 (1) 
+ 96 
+ 
+ 
+Hardy, Rohan, and Alexis Anja Kallio. 2023. Social reproduction or revolution? A sociological in-
+terrogation of music education’s purpose and potentials. Action, Criticism, and Theory for Music 
+Education 22 (1): 83–102. https://doi.org/10.22176/act22.1.83 
+2019, 513) and a constant questioning of what such responsible action might be in 
+each educational situation and context.   
+The capitals then required of teachers are more complex than cultural capital 
+driven by the “valorisation of musical types” (see Fautley 2021, 275). In Chapter 
+18, Pamela Burnard and Gareth Stahl (2021) argue that focusing on “the right 
+forms of capitals in order for agents to successfully navigate hierarchized fields” 
+(Burnard and Stahl 2021, 259) is fraught with potentials for inequity and injustice. 
+Moreover, resonating with Carroll’s (2021) call to attend to the underlying values 
+and assumptions that create and reinforce musical and pedagogical hierarchies, 
+Burnard and Stahl (2021) note that how these capitals ought to be expressed with 
+professional integrity is intertwined with the social structures of institutions. Art-
+ists, whether performers or teachers, can thus be seen to experience tensions be-
+tween these hierarchies and the “correct” expressions of their own agency, as their 
+professional capital “can be increased or decreased with professional develop-
+ment” (261). In other words, different capitals do not necessarily accrue linearly or 
+in parallel, and professionals need to find their own “calculative balance made be-
+tween investment and return, time and mobility as a means to raising professional 
+capital and the accumulation of emotional capital" (270). This balance begins by 
+“recognising and operationalising” (259) the capitals in play, in context. Capital is 
+thus always conceptualised in relation to an imagined community (Anderson 1991) 
+and the politics of belonging.  
+In conclusion, we would like to remind readers of Elliott Eisner’s (1994) con-
+sideration of teaching not as a qualification or even a profession, but an art ...  
+in the sense that teaching can be performed with such skill and grace that, for the 
+student as for the teacher, the experience can be justifiably characterized as aes-
+thetic  ... in the sense that teachers, like painters, composers, actresses, and danc-
+ers, make judgements based on qualities that unfold during the course of action 
+… in the sense that the teacher’s activity is not dominated by prescriptions or 
+routines, but is influenced by qualities and contingencies that are unpredicted … 
+[and] in the sense that the ends it achieves are often created in process. (175–77)  
+The aesthetics of music education require “the juxtaposition of two types of 
+distances—connectedness and detachment” (Bresler 2014, 611) in order for us to 
+address the social and societal responsibility of our field. And yet, if this aesthetic 
+is also to serve as a stage for dissensus that may enable “a different sharing of the 
+sensible” (Rancière 2010, 7, emphasis original), we must also engage the imagina-
+tion—as each of the twelve chapters of section two of the Routledge Handbook for 
+
+Action, Criticism, and Theory for Music Education 22 (1) 
+ 97 
+ 
+ 
+Hardy, Rohan, and Alexis Anja Kallio. 2023. Social reproduction or revolution? A sociological in-
+terrogation of music education’s purpose and potentials. Action, Criticism, and Theory for Music 
+Education 22 (1): 83–102. https://doi.org/10.22176/act22.1.83 
+the Sociology of Music Education (Wright, Johansen, Kanellopoulos, and Schmidt 
+2021, 167) do, and that inspire the reader to do as well.  
+ 
+About the Authors  
+Rohan Hardy is Head of Department for the Arts, with the Queensland Depart-
+ment of Education, and Queensland representative for the Australian Performing 
+Rights Association, SongMakers national advisory team. His current PhD research 
+at the Queensland Conservatorium, Griffith University, investigates playful peda-
+gogies in the secondary music classroom. Through such collaborative, improvisa-
+tory, and experimental approaches to teaching, he aims to develop professional 
+practice in effective and equitable ways.   
+ 
+Alexis Anja Kallio is Deputy Director (Research) of the Queensland Conserva-
+torium, Griffith University. A specialist in the politics of arts education, Dr. Kallio 
+works in close collaboration with community groups, policymakers, and educa-
+tional institutions to explore how music education policy, practice, and research 
+can structure opportunities for equity and justice. She is editor of Difference and 
+Division in Music Education (2021, Routledge), co-editor of The Politics of Diver-
+sity in Music Education (2021, Springer) and co-editor of Music, Education, and 
+Religion: Intersections and Entanglements (2019, Indiana University Press).   
+ 
+ 
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diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/d3b6f033cc2dfeb6.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/d3b6f033cc2dfeb6.txt
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+Erratum to: “Intrinsic Kinds in Internal Medicine,” Philosophy of Medicine 5, no. 1 (2024)
+
+Due to an oversight, Ilana Raburn's article “Intrinsic Kinds in Internal Medicine,” Philosophy of Medicine 5, no. 1 (2024), https://doi.org/10.5195/pom.2024.189, failed to acknowledge the influence of Harriet Fagerberg’s characterisation of diseases as Millikanian natural kinds in “Reactive Natural Kinds and Varieties of Dependence,” European Journal for Philosophy of Science 12, article 72 (2022), https://doi.org/10.1007/s13194-022-00500-x.
+
+ 
+ 
+This work is published by Pitt Open Library Publishing and is licensed under 
+a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. © The Author(s). 
+ 
+ISSN 2692-3963 | Date Received 16-01-2025 | Date Accepted 16-01-2025 | Date First Published 30-01-2025 
+Philosophy of Medicine  |  DOI 10.5195/pom.2025.241 | Volume 6 | Issue 1 | p. 1 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+Erratum to: “Intrinsic Kinds in Internal Medicine,” 
+Philosophy of Medicine 5, no. 1 (2024) 
+ 
+Ilana Raburn 
+ 
+ 
+Due to an oversight, Ilana Raburn's article “Intrinsic Kinds in Internal Medicine,” Philosophy of 
+Medicine 5, no. 1 (2024), https://doi.org/10.5195/pom.2024.189, failed to acknowledge the 
+influence of Harriet Fagerberg’s characterisation of diseases as Millikanian natural kinds in “Reactive 
+Natural Kinds and Varieties of Dependence,” European Journal for Philosophy of Science 12, article 
+72 (2022), https://doi.org/10.1007/s13194-022-00500-x. 
+ 
+Due to an oversight, Ilana Raburn's article “Intrinsic Kinds in Internal Medicine,” 
+Philosophy of Medicine 5, no. 1 (2024), https://doi.org/10.5195/pom.2024.189, failed to 
+acknowledge the influence of Harriet Fagerberg’s characterisation of diseases as 
+Millikanian natural kinds in “Reactive Natural Kinds and Varieties of Dependence,” 
+European 
+Journal 
+for 
+Philosophy 
+of 
+Science 
+12, 
+article 
+72 
+(2022), 
+https://doi.org/10.1007/s13194-022-00500-x. 
+ 
+Note 6 on p. 5, and note 9 on p. 7 have been added to the original text, and both cite this 
+source, which has also been added to the References on p. 16. 
+ 
+The 
+full 
+text 
+of 
+the 
+original 
+article 
+can 
+be 
+found 
+here: 
+https://doi.org/10.5195/pom.2024.189. 
+ 
+Abstract 
+Erratum 
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+Corrigendum: The revenge of the words: On language’s historical and autonomous being and its effects on ‘secularisation’
+
+HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies is an acclaimed journal with broad coverage that promotes multidisciplinary, religious, and biblical aspects of studies in the international theological arena. The journal’s publication criteria are based on high ethical standards and the rigor of the methodology and conclusions reported.
+
+http://www.hts.org.za
+Open Access
+HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies 
+ISSN: (Online) 2072-8050, (Print) 0259-9422
+Page 1 of 1
+Correction
+Read online:
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+to read online.
+Author:
+Kristof K.P. Vanhoutte1,2 
+Affiliations:
+1Paris Institute for Critical 
+Thinking, Paris, France
+2Faculty of the Humanities, 
+Department of Philosophy, 
+University of the Free State, 
+Bloemfontein, South Africa
+Corresponding author:
+Kristof Vanhoutte,
+vanhkristof@hotmail.com 
+Dates:
+Published: 18 Nov. 2021
+How to cite this article:
+Vanhoutte, K.K.P., 2021, 
+‘Corrigendum: The revenge 
+of the words: On language’s 
+historical and autonomous 
+being and its effects on 
+“secularisation”’, HTS 
+Teologiese Studies/
+Theological Studies 77(1), 
+a7032. https://doi.
+org/10.4102/hts.v77i1.7032
+Copyright:
+© 2021. The Authors. 
+Licensee: AOSIS. This work 
+is licensed under the 
+Creative Commons 
+Attribution License.
+In the version of this article initially published, Vanhoutte, K.K.P., 2020, ‘The revenge of the 
+words: On language’s historical and autonomous being and its effects on “secularisation”’, HTS 
+Teologiese Studies/ Theological Studies 76(2), a6076. https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v76i2.6076, the 
+author’s second affiliation was given incorrectly in the ‘Affiliation’ section. The correct affiliation 
+should be ‘Faculty of the Humanities, Department of Philosophy, University of the Free State, 
+Bloemfontein, South Africa’ instead of ‘Faculty of Philosophy, University of the Free State, 
+Bloemfontein, South Africa’.
+This correction does not alter the study’s findings of significance or overall interpretation of the 
+study’s results. The author apologises for any inconvenience caused.
+Corrigendum: The revenge of the words: On language’s 
+historical and autonomous being and its 
+effects on ‘secularisation’
+Read online:
+Scan this QR 
+code with your 
+smart phone or 
+mobile device 
+to read online.
+Note: DOI of original article: https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v76i2.6076
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+Retracted article: A Triumphant Gate of the Polish Narrative: The Symbolic Reconstruction of the Bridge over Chłodna Street in Warsaw vis-à-vis the Crisis of the Dominant Polish Holocaust Narrative
+
+This is a retracted article, whose corrected version, bearing the same title, is available under the DOI: https://doi.org/10.11649/slh.2417. The correction was introduced at the request of the Author. The article is a study of the symbolic topography of Warsaw’s Chłodna Street. In 1940–1942 Chłodna Street was an “Aryan” border strip, dividing the Small and Large Ghettos. For the past quarter of century, the symbolic landmark dominating within this space have been the subsequent commemorations of the Ghetto’s wooden footbridge that existed here between January and August 1942. These commemorative artefacts evolved from a counter-commemoration (1996), through a commemoration with the use of painting (2007) and photography (2008), to a symbolic reconstruction of the bridge (2011). The analysis of this dynamics, from representation of an object to its materialization, is complemented by a reconstruction of the patterns and stakes of narratives that make up the subsequent layers of the Chłodna Street narrative palimpsest. An important context of the analysis, apart from the history of the site, is the fact that today, the means of control over the space of the former Ghetto are in exclusive possession of the non-Jewish majority. A breaking point in the commemoration process was Roman Polański’s film The Pianist (2002). The bridge over Chłodna was reconstructed “one to one” – in Warsaw but outside the space of the former Warsaw Ghetto. The film was shot in the midst of a nationwide debate taking place in Poland over Jan Tomasz Gross’s book Neighbors (2000). The debate concerned the Poles’ participation in the Holocaust and the socio-cultural determinants of their attitudes and behaviors. Within the Polish dominant culture, the narrative shock was so immense that a return to the old Polish tale of heroism and martyrdom seemed impossible. Meanwhile the mainstream journalistic discourse cast Gross and Polański on the two sides of a narrative opposition. The former supposedly represented subjectivism and rash generalizations, while the latter was supposed to embody objectivism and fair judgment. The silhouette of the bridge over Chłodna Street merged at that point with a counterfactual vision of the Polish context of the Holocaust. The international success of The Pianist (Palme d’Or and Oscar) sealed the evolution of the bridge as a figure: from an abject to an object of desire, a tourist attraction, and an export. (A separate issue, also tackled in the article, is how the story told in the film relates to the story of Władysław Szpilman, mediated originally by Szpilman’s ghostwriter Jerzy Walfdorff and then by the scriptwriters, Ronald Harwood and Roman Polański. In both cases the most serious discrepancies concern depictions of the Poles’ attitudes toward the Jews during, but also before, the Holocaust). The success of the film was the determining factor in a decision made to invest public funds in another, and thus far last, commemoration of the bridge over Chłodna: its symbolic reconstruction in situ. What was reconstructed was not so much the bridge as it was in 1942 but the bridge from the film, and with it – the film’s idealized portrayal of the Polish context of the Holocaust. The figure of the bridge suggests tight isolation of Jews and Poles – an isolation instituted by the Germans. By so doing, it feeds into the image of Poles as helpless bystanders (onlookers/gawkers, at times even witnesses) in the face of the Holocaust. The figure of the Polish bystander/witness to the Holocaust, in its turn, is a key figure of Polish innocence. In addition, the symbolic reconstruction of the bridge draws the attention of the users of this space away from another site on Chłodna Street, where Jews and Poles came into direct contact with each other throughout the entire existence of the Warsaw ghetto. In obscuring the factual state of affairs uncovered as a result of the Jedwabne debate, the symbolic reconstruction of the bridge over Chłodna Street functions as a discourse-reproducing machine of sorts, alowing the dominant majority to “indulge in retrospective hallucination” (Baudrillard). The article uncovers the workings of a roly-poly narrative mechanism that renders impossible any successful reassessment and rejection of the Polish dominant culture and prevents common knowledge about facts from bearing in any way on the collective consciousness.
\ No newline at end of file
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+The First Correctional Legislation and Codification Following the Regime Change in Hungary
+
+It is almost a quarter of a century since the correctional legislation of 1993 came into effect. The importance of this regulation cannot be stressed enough since its focus was to facilitate Hungary's entry to the more up-to-date European norms. By analysing the social and legal circumstances of the era, the author presents the more important events of the codification, its provisions and long-term effects. The author concludes by stating that modern correctional philosophy has only had a brief impact on the legal evolution of the relevant fields.
+
+176
+Journal on European History of Law
+The First Correctional Legislation and Codification Following  
+the Regime Change in Hungary
+József Pallo *
+Abstract
+It is almost a quarter of a century since the correctional legislation of 1993 came into effect. The importance of this regulation cannot be stressed 
+enough since its focus was to facilitate Hungary’s entry to the more up-to-date European norms. By analysing the social and legal circumstances of 
+the era, the author presents the more important events of the codification, its provisions and long-term effects. The author concludes by stating that 
+modern correctional philosophy has only had a brief impact on the legal evolution of the relevant fields.
+Keywords: Hungarian Prison Code; history; anniversary; reintegration; principle rules; experiences; European Prison Law.
+1.	The Motivating Factors Behind the Modernization 
+Efforts on the Brink of the Regime Change
+The era following the regime change of 1989 saw an increased 
+vividity both in social life and both in the field of sciences, and 
+the restructuring of the public legal framework was beneficial 
+for the legal sciences. The increasing popularity of the concept 
+of having the national norms reshaped to more closely resemble 
+European values was noticeable in the field of correctional law 
+as well. One of the first warning signs became apparent during 
+the first, euphoric days of the regime change, when acclaimed 
+experts started to point out the importance of change. They 
+argued that: „…within the process of the renewal of Hungarian justice, 
+jurisprudence has to undertake efforts to reveal the principal, theoretical 
+and practical questions related to correctional law to the society. 1 The 
+reason behind urging the importance of the concept was that 
+the role of correctional law within the framework formed by 
+criminal proceedings law and the criminal code as a whole had 
+increased by then, but despite this importance, the elaboration 
+of this field was lagging behind the other branches. IT was a di-
+rect need that„every aspect of rights and obligations pertaining to citi-
+zens of a given state and the alteration of these rights (including the ones 
+that are altered due to incarceration) have to be regulated by law.” 2
+In order to have this beneficial process started, a more scien-
+tific approach to correctional law coupled with a more extensive 
+scope was required. The most significant study of the period in 
+question was that of György Vókó, who took a stand beside the 
+independent nature of correctional law and the inevitability of 
+its development and advance as well. He determined that„the 
+principal characteristic of the legislation on corrections is to realize the 
+tasks and goals of criminal sanctions, measures and other procedural 
+coercive measures. It cannot be an arbitrary tool since it is destined to 
+fulfil its functions according to legal provisons, constantly obeying the 
+requirement of legality. ” 3 The thoughts of Vókó resemble that of 
+JESCHECK, who argued that „while criminal policy without crimi-
+nology is blind, crimonology without criminal policy is pointless” 4 Fur-
+ther interpretation results in conclusions such as the the one 
+according to which criminal policy without criminal procedure 
+policy is blind, but without it, the rest becomes pointless. It is 
+fortunate that later, the legislators managed to utilize this re-
+quirement as a standard to a great extent during codification.
+The will to change and achieve positive effects was observ-
+able throughout Hungarian legislation, since more than a hun-
+dred acts were announced, many of which contained provisions 
+related to the criminal code carrying the seed of the new crimi-
+nal policy and philosophy. Foremost, the amendment of 1991 
+to the criminal code resulted in the simplication of the system 
+of sanctions and the termination of death sentences (to protect 
+human life), and as an alternative to punishments involving 
+labour (strict correctional labour and correctional labour), and 
+deprivation of liberty, community labour was introduced. As 
+a result of decriminalization measures, shirking and prostitu-
+tion were no longer condemned. Felonies were sanctioned in 
+a significantly different way, as well as the mitigating and aggra-
+vating factors and circumstances. The adjudication of recidivism 
+and exoneration became more favorable. As a main element of 
+*	 József Pallo, PhD. , Secretary of the the Correctional Sub-committee of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary.
+1	 KABÓDI, CS – LŐRINCZ, J- VÓKÓ, GY., Szót kér a büntetés-végrehajtási jog. In: Jogpolitika, Nr. 1, p.  19-21.
+2	 KABÓDI, CS – LŐRINCZ, J- VÓKÓ, GY., Szót kér a büntetés-végrehajtási jog. In: Jogpolitika, Nr. 1, p.  19-21.
+3	 VÓKÓ, GY., A büntetésvégrehajtási jog továbbfejlesztésének, tudományos művelésének szükségességéről. In: Jogtudományi Közlöny. Nr. 7-8, 1990, 
+p.  277-291.
+4	 JESCHECK, H. , Berichte und Mitteilungen der M. P.  G. München, 1980, p.  9.
+
+177
+2/2018
+the criminal justice reform, the principle of the „minimal use of 
+deprivation of liberty” became an observable concept. ” 5
+A significant professional milestone was that in 1990, the 
+Hungarian Society of Corrections was established, which 
+merged those who advocated advanced codification and mod-
+ernization. Of course, this process directly influenced the regu-
+lations of correctional work. While the main goal was the cre-
+ation of a new, independentact, the environment of the era only 
+allowed for an amendment, which – following a 1,5-year long 
+preparatory phase coupled with extensive professional talks – 
+came to fruition. The ratio of votes within the National Assem-
+bly (minimal amount of abstaining representatives) highlighted 
+the strong political consensus on the field. The road leading 
+up to this event was devoid of greater issues, which is under-
+pinned by the written correspondence between the Hungarian 
+Society of Criminology and the Hungarian Ministry of Justice 
+during Autumn 1991. Deputy State Secretary Károly Bárd ar-
+gued: „The principles of the amendment created in relation to the prison 
+code was discussed by the Government during Summer 1991. The ac-
+cepted bill – in harmony with the contents expressed in the letter of the 
+Hungarian Society of Criminology – puts into view the re-regulation of 
+prisoner rights, the court reviews of disciplinary measures and bestows 
+the general right of seeking legal remedy against the resolutions of the 
+judge responsible for corrections.” 6
+Since these principlesenjoyed a central role in the conceptual 
+background of codification, we cannot avoid a closer analysis of 
+them. However, first we have to recognize the fact that the by 
+the beginning of the 1990 s, the field had reached an impasse 
+from some aspect. They recognized – or rather saw reason – 
+that the correctional codification would be preceded by partial 
+reforms, which means that „that the change of the political system 
+would bring with it a completely new form of justice was but a mere 
+illusion”.7 There was another expectation born from the eupho-
+ria of the regime change that was also of no avail – namely the 
+one that expected audacious solutions to be made on the field 
+of corrections. While western countries believed that the former 
+Socialist countries would be the forerunners behind the renewal 
+of the Europan correctional systems, the options of the national 
+experts of these countries were limited to picking between al-
+ready existing western structures. In the words of Károly Bárd: 
+„…the codificators of the region (along with the subjects of the given 
+regulations) are way too tired for experimenting.” 8
+Professionals of the era in question had to admit that the re-
+structuring of the criminal code and the criminal procedure act 
+was indispensable, but the creation of completely new legal de-
+vices was lightyears away. 9 The last case scenario was to reshape 
+certain parts of the correctional legislation, hoping that the 
+more extensive attempts at codification would finally result in 
+the general restructuring of this field. What was wise, however, 
+was that these partial reforms later fell in line with the already 
+mentioned extensive reform and served as its foundations.
+One of the principles of codification was to increase the stan-
+dard of corrections, which was to be realized in three segments. 
+The first was the strictness and punitive nature of justice, which 
+is resembled by the number of incarcerated people at a given 
+time. In this sense, the leeway of correctional law is pretty nar-
+row, since due to its nature, its main task is to realize the „prod-
+ucts” of other legal branches, meaning that it has no influence 
+over the judicial phase of the prosecution. Despite this, prison 
+programmes of high quality standard and the reduction of the 
+harmful effects associated with prisons were designated as  – 
+likely exclusive – toolsto be used by the prison service during its 
+fight against recidivism
+Another important necessity was the increased adherence to 
+the rule of law. This meant the „legalisation” of correctional 
+issues, especially the definition of the status of prisoners and 
+the assurance of the legal protection and remedies available 
+to them. Thus, situating the prisoners within a pre-set system 
+based on rights and obligations while emphasizing theirinalien-
+able rights became a necessity. The provision of legal remedies 
+against disciplinary measures through the introduction of their 
+right to appeal was also an intention. This establishes a system 
+similar to a  contradictory procedure: upon the admission of 
+evidence, the judge responsible for corrections holds a hearing, 
+while the prosecutor and the legal representative can partici-
+pate in the interview of the prisoner. The third principle fore-
+saw the enhancement of the conditions of incarceration based 
+on maintaining the subjects’ connections to the external world 
+and creating an open regime which even allows for labour to be 
+conducted outside prison facilities. A significant event of the 
+period in question was joining the European Convention on 
+Human Rights in 1992, which institutionalized the protection 
+of fundamental rights by creating the court dedicated to provid-
+ing the highest level of protection of said rights, the European 
+Court of Human Rights. During the preparatory phase, the 
+drafts had also been scrutinized by the experts of the Council 
+of Europe 10 who discussed its details, after which they stated 
+that „about 90% percent of the material satisfies the most sensitive 
+of requirements and the remaining 10% mostly relates to technical, 
+compositional deficiencies that are easy to eliminate. They added: it is 
+unique that a country has international experts to inspect laws of such 
+scope.” 11 As the result of the painstakingly meticulous prepa-
+ratory phase, Act no. XXXII 1993 (hereinafter: amendment), 
+came into effect on 15 April. It was not only a technical reform 
+of Law Decree no. 11 of 1979, since several provisions were 
+introduced to change certain parts that provide the foundations 
+for a larger-scale future reform (scope of goals, tasks and tools, 
+and the related new techniques).
+  5	 SEREG, P., Törvény Európába. In: Börtönügyi Szemle, Nr. 1, 1994, p.  41-46.
+  6	 BÁRD, K. , Az Igazságügyi Minisztérium válasza. In: Börtönügyi Szemle. vol. Nr. 1, 1992. p.  2.
+  7	 BÁRD, K. , Az Igazságügyi Minisztérium válasza. In: Börtönügyi Szemle. vol. Nr. 1, 1992. p.  2.
+  8	 BÁRD, K. , Az Igazságügyi Minisztérium válasza. In: Börtönügyi Szemle. vol. Nr. 1, 1992. p.  3.
+  9	 The Criminal Procedure Code came into effect in 1998, the Criminal Code came into effect in 2013 (!)
+10	 Members: Norman BISHOP (Sweden), Kenneth NEALE (Great Britain), William RENTZMANN (Denmark)
+11	 VINCZE, T., Az Európa Tanács szakértői Budapesten. In. Börtönügyi Szemle, Nr. 2, 1994, p.  3-10.
+
+178
+Journal on European History of Law
+2. The Principles and Subjects of Codification
+The changes influenced the correctional field in four dif-
+ferent areas: the act modernized the fundamental concepts of 
+correctional work; precisely determined the rules related to the 
+rights of prisoners; expanded the scope of courts in relation to 
+the legal remedies available to prisoners, and in certain cases 
+modernized the internal system for executing sanctions involv-
+ing incarceration (the so-called regime rules). Obviously, several 
+technical changes closely related to the previously mentioned 
+amendments to the Criminal Code were also implemented. In 
+the following part of this essay, I will attempt to summarize 
+the provisions that are considered the most important, doing 
+so while focusing mostly on the accepted European norms. One 
+important terminological change introduced by the amend-
+ment is the fact that the execution of incarceration received 
+a goal. According to the new phrasing, the „goal of incarceration 
+is to – through realizing the prison sentences issued in court 
+verdicts – facilitate the convicts’ reintegration into society and 
+have them refrain from committing further felonies”. Not only 
+did the new device end the reign of correctional education as 
+a fundamental tool, but it also put a lot more emphasis on the 
+legal sanction put forth by the pertaining act. The efforts of 
+the legislator to have the principles of resocialization and spe-
+cial prevention appear in the text of the draft is perceivable. Of 
+course, stating the goal of incarceration was not meant to be an 
+„anti-educational” move, but it did indeed emphasize a more 
+legal approach which can be interpreted better rather than us-
+ing general, education-related terminology. 12 Within the scope 
+of the new terminology, another provision determines the ap-
+proach to the new array of tools. The amendment determines 
+as a task of the correctional field to maintain the self-respect 
+and sense of responsibility of convicts and thus help them pre-
+pare for their post-release life. In order to achieve this goal, all 
+available medical, educational, moral and spiritual sources have 
+to be used and conditions should be set that enable for system-
+atic labour. This “assortment” of tools and their use was called 
+„correctional education” by the Hungarian Prison Service. The 
+amendment defines correctional labour as an integral part of 
+incarceration that is dedicated to maintaining the physical and 
+mental state of the prisoners and to offer them an opportunity 
+to gain experience and practice in a certain vocation, an initia-
+tive which serves general resocialization.
+The particular importance of thos provision stems from the 
+fact that it now precisely sets the place and role of correctional 
+labour during incarceration, ending a  long discussion on the 
+topic of „profitable, „socially useful” and „meaningful” labour. 
+It is obvious that the goal of prisoner labouir is not monetary 
+gain, but to achieve these ends. The social benefit is the oppor-
+tunity itself to participate in labour, and to join vocational and 
+other trainings which facilitate the achievement of the pre-set 
+goals set by the pertaining legislation. The new provisions are 
+much more related to the aspect taken by international norms 
+on incarceration. Thus, the regulation fell in line with the Euro-
+pean rules and the two vital parts (the use of criminal sanctions 
+and the facilitation of social reintegration following release) 
+also provide the breadth within which the rules of execution 
+can be applied. The scope of cooperating agencies and bodies 
+also expanded with the appearance of prison missions and sev-
+eral social organizations dedicated to facilitating post-release 
+social reintegration. I consider particularly important that the 
+legislators of the era focused heavily on modern European fun-
+damentals which are known today as the principles of incar-
+ceration. 13 One of such fundamental principles is normalisa-
+tion. The fact that deprivation of liberty is the harshest of pun-
+ishments since it deprives the free men from their most impor-
+tant right, freedom (with the use of state coercive measures) is 
+a principle that had become a generally accepted criminal-phil-
+osophical principle with a relative delay. This principle serves as 
+the foundation for the approach according to which the goal of 
+incarceration is the deprivation of liberty in itself, nothing else. 
+In order to have this concept appear in practice with meaning-
+ful content, a more abstract way of phrasing is required: during 
+incarceration, the sanctions imposed upon a convict cannot be 
+more severe and exhaustive than what is set in the legally bind-
+ing verdict of the court. This prerequisite can only be met it we 
+ensure that the conditions of incarceration resemble the condi-
+tions available outside the prisons. What has to be ensured, 
+however, is that the goal of incarceration cannot be harmed, 
+and normalization cannot become pointless since its „limits” 
+are set by law. Another important aspect is the fact that each 
+country approaches the question of having prison environments 
+resembling the environment of free life differently. In other 
+words, this endeavour isheavily influenced by the support pro-
+vided to their respective prison services. From this aspect, the 
+solutions and opportunities of the European countries vastly 
+differ, mainly due to their diverging history. What is certain, 
+however, is that the efforts to have internal environments re-
+semble the conditions of external life can never be as limited as 
+to give way to inhuman or degrading treatment. In the end, 
+normalization serves the purpose of having the prisoners situ-
+ated in an environment which helps them develop personal and 
+social skills that allow for an independent, law-abiding way of 
+life. This goal is realized with the contribution of correctional 
+probation officers. The success of social reinsertion depends 
+greatly on whether the treatments dedicated to each convict are 
+truly personalized or not. In order to achieve the intended goals 
+by the end of one’s imprisonment, it is paramount that each 
+and every inmate receives treatment which is dedicated to their 
+individual personality and needs. 14 Personalization is a gradual 
+procedure which appears as soon as a court decision is made, 
+since the judge responsible for a given case also determines the 
+sentence severity as a first step. Following this, the convicts are 
+evaluated and classified within the prisons based on personal 
+12	 Amendment § 38
+13	 PALLO. , Karakteres elvek és értékek napjaink büntetés-végrehajtási jogában. In: Belügyi Szemle, Nr. 10, 2017. p.  123-137.
+14	 PALLO. , Charakteristische Prinzipien und Wert in unserem heutingen Strafvollzugstrecht. In: HOMOKI, M (Hrsg. ) Ünnepi kötet Dr.  Nagy Ferenc 
+egyetemi tanár 70. születésnapjára Szegedi Tudományegyetem Állam- és JogtudományiKar, Szeged, 2018, p. 789-800.
+
+179
+2/2018
+aspects (age, criminological characteristics, reintegrational con-
+siderations, health etc. ) and identify reintegrational needs. The 
+reintegration plan is a last step that is created with the coopera-
+tion of the prisoner. The execution (or, if required, modifica-
+tion) of this plan is dedicated to increase the subjects’ capability 
+of participating in a life of freedom in order to determine the 
+most suitable reintegrational programs for each individual. The 
+principle of openness means that prisoners are allowed to main-
+tain a more extensive contact with society. The precondition for 
+this endeavour is to have legal institutions in place that allow 
+for short-term leaves. The greatest novelty introduced by the 
+amendment was without a doubt the Reduced Severity Regime. 
+The other component of openness is the vast array of possibili-
+ties available within prisons to serve the purpose informing the 
+inmates about the events taking place outside. As a sign of due 
+professional precaution, this opening towards the external world 
+could work if the process itself is gradual and well thought-out. 
+The amendment dedicated a separate section to provide an ex-
+haustive summary of the rights and obligations of those de-
+prived of their liberty and did so in a much more precise man-
+ner than before. It contains the legal obligations set by relevant 
+provisions, the general rights attributed to the inmates and even 
+the ones that are limited and / or suspended for the duration of 
+their incarceration. This new approach is perceivable in the case 
+of obligations as well. However, several limitations serving the 
+role of counterweights are imposed on the side of the authori-
+ties as well. For example, the convicts are required to spend the 
+duration of their sentencewithin a place designated by the pris-
+on service. This obligation of course also includes the specified 
+prison institution and the cell – or living area – within it. Other 
+provisions, on the other hand, set the related duties of the pris-
+on service. Such a duty is to accommodate prisoners in an insti-
+tution closest to their residence or the appearance of rules per-
+taining to the due and decent accomodation of inmates. The 
+amendment is the first device to contain the rights of convicts 
+divided into groups based on obvious criteria. The appearance 
+of the rights that are bestowed upon convicts as human beings 
+and citizens is a concept that is fundamental to the regulation, 
+which means that these rights (e. g. right to life or human dig-
+nity) cannot by any means become damaged during incarcera-
+tion. The act further divides the rights originating from the 
+citizenship of the convicts into sugroups, determining the rights 
+that are suspended (freedom of choosing location, the right to 
+strike), the rights that are modified (right to work) and the 
+rights that characterise the relation between the convicts and 
+the agency responsible for the execution of sanctions (e. g. ali-
+mentation and maintaining contacts). The purpose of the legis-
+lator, namely to find an equilibrium between protecting the or-
+der and security of incarceration and ensuring the convicts’ 
+rights guaranteed by law, is perceivable. The principal intention 
+was to unconditionally ensure that each of these elements work 
+jointly, an effort which was served well by the exhaustive recital 
+of the rights and the detailed list of the relevant limitations. 
+Another important principle that was stated by the amendment 
+was that the obligations and rights resulting from citizenship 
+are suspended and limited as it is dictated by the verdict, or the 
+relevant legislation. 15 A s a principal motivating factor behind 
+the regulation, a  few words have to be said about the effort 
+aimed at breaking away with the paternalistic approach. The 
+concept of this effort is that while prisons may facilitate social 
+reinsertion; it is the prisoners themselves who carry with them 
+the potential for the successful realization of this goal. Profes-
+sionally adequate solutions can only be provided if the system 
+encourages participation in dedicated programs, but never forc-
+es it. The introduction of semi-open incarceration, which be-
+came known as the Reduced Severity Regimewithin the frame-
+work of Hungarian correctional legislation, is a revolutionary 
+step. This device uses progressive principles to gradually ease 
+closed-institution conditions to make prison environments 
+more resembling to the conditions of free life. 16 Another impor-
+tant step that shows the increasing popularity of the changing 
+approach is that it allowed for the use of evening outsnot ex-
+ceeding 24 hours in order to help the convicts maintain their 
+family relations. The inviting bonus of permitted leave was also 
+included among the rewards. The picture of a „humanitarian” 
+prison service was further strenghtened by other options such 
+as allowing visiting sick relatives or attending their funeral.
+3.	The Significance of the Amendment and its General 
+Historical Consequences
+As a summary, it can be stated that the harmonisation of 
+law of 1993 expressed a clean-cut intention of adapting the Eu-
+ropean penal philosophy to the national one. As an important 
+result, the spirit of the correctional rules of 1987 emerged and 
+the array of fundamental principles was widened by the values 
+of normalization and openness. I also consider it important to 
+point out that the goal of incarceration appears in the point of 
+the sanction itself, as a tool. 17 However, the lack of an indepen-
+dent act on corrections – as it was originally intended – kept 
+overshadowing the following years. The handicap resulted from 
+the fact that this „semi-codification” did not make it possible 
+to abolish the inherited professional and systematic deficien-
+cies and it was also incapable of efficiently handling the newly 
+emerging contradictions. It is without doubt, however, that the 
+amendment did indeed reduce the rigidity of the prison system, 
+strenghtened the fundamental correctional relations and also 
+allowed for a  calculable system that limits arbitrariness. De-
+spite all these advances, the Hungarian correctional legislation 
+remained a  „patchwork” regulation in the following era, one 
+that was based on the unstable foundation of an immature and 
+not so well thought-out legislation often full of compromises. 18 
+The coming into effect of the amendment was without a doubt 
+a great improvement, and it urged for the restructuring of the 
+earlier prison model in order to create a system of effects that 
+15	 Amendment, § 32.
+16	 CSÓTI, A – LŐRINCZ, J. , Múlt és jövő. In: Börtönügyi Szemle, Nr. 3, 1997, p.  27-38.
+17	 This is a very important statement, since in the regulation of 2013, the sanction itself appears as a goal.
+18	 PALLO, J-FORGÁCS, J. , Vonzások és választások. In: Belügyi Szemle, Nr. 11, 2015, p.  77-95.
+
+180
+Journal on European History of Law
+better serve social reinsertion. In other words, or rather from 
+another apsect, prison service was intended to become a service 
+that is based on the voluntary cooperation of convicts while 
+also alleviating the negative stereotypes that are society asso-
+ciated with the service itself. The further decisions aimed at 
+achieving certain European norms continued to support this en-
+deavour. The adaptation of the European Prison Rules of 1987 
+was a crucial step. This system of norms appears as a compre-
+hensive whole of rules and does not force the member states to 
+carry out impossible tasks. Its basic goal is to provide guidelines 
+which efficiently help correctional modernization and improve-
+ment in member states and offer support in solving questions 
+not yet implemented into domestic (national) legislation. From 
+the aspect of correctional legislation, several ministerial decrees 
+that regulate certain key areas of sentence execution enjoy great 
+significance but since they were issued with significant delays, 
+their execution was somewhat lax. However, following coming 
+into effect, these regulations provided ample guidance in sev-
+eral sub-areas for those performing work related to the area in 
+question. The most characteristic regulations were introduced 
+in Ministry of Justice Decree no. 6/1996 (VII. 12. ) on incar-
+ceration and pre-trial detention.
+Summarizing the effects of the amendment it can be deter-
+mined that during the first years of the regime change, reform 
+initiatives raised hopes that beside the necessary legal modern-
+ization, they were also capable of initiating fundamental changes 
+in the objective and subjective conditions of the operation of the 
+Hungarian prison system. It was not long before it had become 
+apparent that the economic status of the country did not make 
+this possible. On the contrary, the resources were even more lim-
+ited than before. The sough-after extensive correctional reform 
+thus was canceled again, condemning the prison situation as 
+a secondary issue. In my opinion this is another evidence to the 
+widespread false pretense, according to which corrections is un-
+important, since it is capable of fulfilling its basic functions me-
+chanically. 19 This approach induced a professional-ethical crisis, 
+which – as a returning phenomenon – resulted in an increased 
+vividity and effervescence. I believe that this is another correc-
+tional consequence: advances require professional crises that re-
+lease potential energies which feed from the deepest abyss of the 
+profession. For example, a particularly vigorous clash emerged 
+on the field of inmate labour, the relations between the social 
+environment and the prison service were re-evaluated in a novel 
+way, and there was an increased vividity in the investigations of 
+the informal structure and the internal, sociological movements 
+of prison society. For me, all this means the „synthesis of prison 
+issues, namely correctional legislation”, since it depicts all the 
+areas which are focused on the individual deprived from his or 
+her liberty. In my opinion, there are only a few fields of science 
+where the knowledge material is dynamically and constantly 
+changing and where everyday events make its “curriculum” vivid 
+and living. Correctional law in a modern sense is just like that, 
+in a sterile way, because as it feeds on reality, it directly syphons 
+the legal, economical and penological principles of criminality as 
+a social phenomenon. Taking into account the above I conclude 
+that due to its undoubted interdisciplinary characteristics, cor-
+rectional law is about to be one of future’s determining branches 
+of science, which will finally move it from the category which 
+is often deemed undeserving or „secondary”. By looking further 
+than the direct professional effects of the amendment, it is also 
+apparent that it also had the indirect effect of starting a theo-
+retical effervescence which had not been seen for a long time. 
+I could also say that the correctional field has experienced its 
+very own „Sturm und Drang” era where after a period of longing 
+came the constructive storm. This is evidenced by the fact that 
+the amendment provided a lot more quality answers than open 
+questions and resulted in a harmony which is far greater than the 
+residual disharmony. 20 A direct result of these elementsis that in 
+the last quarter of the century, the interpretation related to the 
+amendment has never been derailed and remains in correctional 
+law as the enduring mark of an ideal, advanced concept. As an 
+advocate of the scientific development of correctional law I be-
+lieve that overlooking this 25-year anniversary would be a mis-
+take, if not a sin. I sincerely hope that with my essay I could 
+also nod on behalf of times past towards those who – with their 
+knowledge and dedication – realized a legislation that embodies 
+the essence of the correctional hopes and intellectuality of the 
+post-regime-change prison situation.
+19	 PALLO. , Új horizontok a büntetés-végrehajtási jogban. In: HACK, P (Hrsg. ) Kodifikációs Kölcsönhatások. Tanulmányok Király Tibor tiszteletére. 
+ELTE Eötvös Kiadó, Budapest. 2016, p.  231-248.
+20	 PALLO. , Era of Change in the Hungarian Prison Law. In: Usaglasavanje Pravne Regulative Sa Pravnim Tekovinama (Acquis Communautaire) Europske 
+Unije. Banja-Luka, 2018b, p. 135-152.
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/f3964cfbccc69585.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/f3964cfbccc69585.txt
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@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+Erratum: Important missiological perspectives from the acts of Dordrecht for a missional church in the 21st century
+
+In die Skriflig/In Luce Verbi is a theological and acclaimed Open Access journal that serves as the official journal of the Reformed Theological Society (Gereformeerde Teologiese Vereniging). It has a broad coverage that promotes multidisciplinary, religious and biblical aspects of studies in the international theological arena, aiming to further Reformational Theology on a scientific basis. It encourages research that challenges traditional discourses within and between the fields of biblical, religious, social and human sciences as well as the constructive engagement with the natural sciences where applicable. The editorial board welcomes discussion articles related to the promotion and furtherance of reformational theology. All contributions are refereed anonymously by at least three other scholars who are recognised as specialists in the particular field of study and the comments of the referees are held in high esteem. English, Afrikaans and Dutch are the general languages of publication and articles in German will also be considered.
+
+http://www.indieskriflig.org.za
+Open Access
+In die Skriflig / In Luce Verbi 
+ISSN: (Online) 2305-0853, (Print) 1018-6441
+Page 1 of 1
+Correction
+Read online:
+Scan this QR 
+code with your 
+smart phone or 
+mobile device 
+to read online.
+Author: 
+Johannes J. Knoetze1 
+Affiliation: 
+1Unit for Reformational 
+Theology and the 
+Development of the South 
+African Society, Faculty of 
+Theology, North-West 
+University, Potchefstroom, 
+South Africa
+Corresponding author: 
+Johannes Knoetze, 
+johannes.knoetze@nwu.ac.za
+Dates: 
+Published: 04 Nov. 2020
+How to cite this article: 
+Knoetze, J.J., 2020, ‘Erratum: 
+Important missiological 
+perspectives from the acts of 
+Dordrecht for a missional 
+church in the 21st century’, 
+In die Skriflig 54(1), a2590. 
+https://doi.org/10.4102/ids.
+v54i1.2590
+Copyright:
+© 2020. The Authors. 
+Licensee: AOSIS. This work 
+is licensed under the 
+Creative Commons 
+Attribution License.
+In the version of this article initially published, Knoetze, J.J., 2019, ‘Important missiological 
+perspectives from the acts of Dordrecht for a missional church in the 21st century’, In die Skriflig 
+53(4), a2533. https://doi.org/10.4102/ids.v53i4.2533, the article issue number was given 
+incorrectly. The correct issue number should be number 3 instead of number 4.
+This correction does not alter the study’s findings of significance or overall interpretation of the 
+study’s results. The publisher apologises for any inconvenience caused.
+Note: DOI of original article: https://doi.org/10.4102/ids.v53i4.2533
+Erratum: Important missiological 
+perspectives from the acts of Dordrecht 
+for a missional church in the 21st century
+Read online:
+Scan this QR 
+code with your 
+smart phone or 
+mobile device 
+to read online.
diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/f7a8020a4d3c3587.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/f7a8020a4d3c3587.txt
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+++ b/corpus/humanities/text/f7a8020a4d3c3587.txt
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+Unraveling the polychromy and antiquity of the Pachacamac Idol, Pacific coast, Peru
+
+Pachacamac is the name of the 15th-16th century Inca sanctuary on the Peruvian coast as well as the name of one of the principal oracles of Inca divinities. This effigy would have been destroyed by Pizarro in 1533 during his visit to the great monumental complex, and as such the originality and antiquity of the wooden statue-the so-called Pachacamac Idol-have been the subject of much controversy and debate. We present here previously unpublished dates that confirm its manufacture during the Middle Horizon (AD 500-1000), as well as evidence of its original polychromy. Traces of colors were observed on its different sections with portable microscopy and analyses with two different X-Ray Fluorescence spectrometry techniques, leading to identification of yellow, white, and red mineral pigments, including the presence of cinnabar. Dated between the 8th and 9th centuries, the statue would have been worshipped for almost 700 years, from the time of its creation to the time of the Spanish conquest, when Pachacamac was a major place of pilgrimage. These data not only offer a new perspective on Pachacamac's emblematic sacred icon, but also on the colorful practices of the Pre-Hispanic Andes.
\ No newline at end of file
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d9874aa0aff3a03355c958562542353971f93c5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/corpus/humanities/text/f94dc8bdfb1f2735.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+A Community in Life and Death: The Late Neolithic Megalithic Tomb at Alto de Reinoso (Burgos, Spain)
+
+The analysis of the human remains from the megalithic tomb at Alto de Reinoso represents the widest integrative study of a Neolithic collective burial in Spain. Combining archaeology, osteology, molecular genetics and stable isotope analysis (87Sr/86Sr, δ15N, δ13C) it provides a wealth of information on the minimum number of individuals, age, sex, body height, pathologies, mitochondrial DNA profiles, kinship relations, mobility, and diet. The grave was in use for approximately one hundred years around 3700 cal BC, thus dating from the Late Neolithic of the Iberian chronology. At the bottom of the collective tomb, six complete and six partial skeletons lay in anatomically correct positions. Above them, further bodies represented a subsequent and different use of the tomb, with almost all of the skeletons exhibiting signs of manipulation such as missing skeletal parts, especially skulls. The megalithic monument comprised at least 47 individuals, including males, females, and subadults, although children aged 0-6 years were underrepresented. The skeletal remains exhibited a moderate number of pathologies, such as degenerative joint diseases, healed fractures, cranial trauma, and a low intensity of caries. The mitochondrial DNA profiles revealed a pattern pointing to a closely related local community with matrilineal kinship patterns. In some cases adjacent individuals in the bottom layer showed familial relationships. According to their strontium isotope ratios, only a few individuals were likely to have spent their early childhood in a different geological environment, whilst the majority of individuals grew up locally. Carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis, which was undertaken to reconstruct the dietary habits, indicated that this was a homogeneous group with egalitarian access to food. Cereals and small ruminants were the principal sources of nutrition. These data fit in well with a lifestyle typical of sedentary farming populations in the Spanish Meseta during this period of the Neolithic.
\ No newline at end of file
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/corpus/humanities/text/fb59ba8b75cf656d.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,1166 @@
+Darwin and Reductionisms: Victorian, Neo-Darwinian and Postgenomic Biologies
+
+This article compares the open-ended Darwinism of Charles Darwin, George Lewes, George Eliot and Thomas Hardy with reductive post-Weismann and early eugenist views and more recent neo-Darwinian ideas including literary Darwinism. It argues that some Victorians had a clear sense of the complexities of the natural world, and of the centrality of environment to life. This awareness contrasts with the processes of divorce and isolation that underpin neo-Darwinian understandings of evolutionary development. But biologists and philosophers of biology are now emphasising the complex and dynamic relations between organism and environment in ways that would have appealed to Darwin’s contemporaries. The article establishes that there are significant parallels between mid-Victorian and postgenomic thought.
+
+Darwin and Reductionisms: 
+Victorian, Neo-Darwinian and Postgenomic Biologies1 
+Angelique Richardson 
+ 
+ 
+At the present time there is hardly any question in biology of more 
+importance than this of the nature and causes of variability 
+(Charles Darwin, 1880)2 
+ 
+In cultural studies biology tends to be viewed as deterministic, bearing little relation 
+to environmental factors. In this article I argue that this was not necessarily so for 
+the Victorians, but that reductive thought and practice which emphasised 
+determinism developed in the second half of the nineteenth century in response to a 
+number of social and scientific factors. Separating organism from environment, it 
+focused on a biology divorced from social and historical context and was informed 
+by rising concern over urban poverty, degeneration, and imperial rivalries and by a 
+newly professionalised and institutionalised science. I argue that in rejecting biology 
+as deterministic and emphasising fluidity, postgenomic biology recapitulates a 
+Victorian insight. 
+ 
+Reductionism in science, much like reductionism outside science, simplifies. 
+It can be ontological, epistemological, and methodological. In science it is often a 
+powerful and necessary method which seeks to isolate and control phenomena in 
+order to explain them.3 But it can fall into ideology, especially in the context of 
+human behaviour. Stumbling at complexity, it may seek to explain higher-level 
+processes (e.g., adaptation, adultery or addiction) by lower-level processes (e.g. 
+heredity, molecular biology, genes), or seek to bring essentialist concepts (e.g. 
+biological sex) to indeterminate social processes (e.g. map reading).4 Reductionism, 
+as method or as ideology, and sometimes as both, seeks to explain the complex, the 
+whole, or the interactive or dynamic according to the simple, the part, or the linear 
+or unidirectional. Reductionism is usually deterministic, allowing little possibility 
+for individual agency or choice. Where, exceptionally, determinism acknowledges 
+complexity, or competing or converging causes, and does not seek to explain the 
+higher by lower, complex by simple, it is not inherently reductive. In The Disorder 
+of Things (1993) John Dupré observes the connections between reductionism, 
+determinism and essentialism as the three pillars of conventional classification, 
+
+2 
+ 
+Angelique Richardson, Darwin and Reductionisms: Victorian, Neo-Darwinian and 
+Postgenomic Biologies 
+19: Interdisciplinary Studies in the Long Nineteenth Century, 11 (2010) www.19.bbk.ac.uk 
+pointing out that contexts which affect perceptions of causal relations and essences 
+are provided by the goals of an investigation.5 Dupré argues that reductive 
+explanation can account for how things of a certain kind do what they do, but does 
+not usually help to explain or predict what a complex thing will do (106).  
+ 
+The debates surrounding biological reductionism are wide ranging and where 
+they relate to questions of individual freedom, race or gender they have ethical 
+implications. The historical roots of reductionism can be seen in late nineteenth-
+century nature/nurture debates and in interpretations of Darwin. Victorians such as 
+Darwin, G. H. Lewes, George Eliot and Thomas Hardy appreciated the close 
+relations between organism and environment and valued the complexities of the 
+natural world. They share ground with postgenomic science which emphasises the 
+dynamic relations between world and organism, questioning traditional boundaries, 
+rejecting essentialism, and asking new questions about what constitutes an 
+organism.6 Neo-Darwinism was coined as a negative term by the zoologist George 
+Romanes - a close follower of Darwin - in Darwin and After Darwin, which 
+appeared in three volumes in the 1890s. He used it to signal the departure from 
+Darwin’s views of the German zoologist August Weismann. In the Contemporary 
+Review he acknowledged necessary limits to Darwinian ideas: ‘mechanical the 
+Darwinian theory unquestionably is [...] and the reason why it is mechanical is 
+because it seeks to explain biological phenomena by natural causes’ and emphasised 
+complexity: ‘[w]hen, for instance, we speak of "heredity" as a cause, what we mean 
+is that in the complex and obscure physiology of generation there are a number of 
+unknown causes at work’.7 Through the twentieth century Neo-Darwinism invented 
+its own story, extending a pervasively deterministic world deep into microbiology 
+and most recently finding expression in literary studies as a gene-intensive, literary 
+Darwinism. In The Literary Animal (2005) Joseph Carroll offers a reading of Pride 
+and Prejudice centred on ‘resources and reproduction’, arguing that the ultimate 
+regulative principle is ‘inclusive fitness, the transmission of genes’.8 Carroll argues 
+that ‘Darwinian criticism’ can avoid ‘the often false reductions in the postmodern 
+conceptions of human nature’ (103), but he does not address its own reductions. 
+Literary Darwinism acknowledges some environmental influence but argues overall 
+for deep unchanging biological imperatives, finding little scope for the cultural 
+
+3 
+ 
+Angelique Richardson, Darwin and Reductionisms: Victorian, Neo-Darwinian and 
+Postgenomic Biologies 
+19: Interdisciplinary Studies in the Long Nineteenth Century, 11 (2010) www.19.bbk.ac.uk 
+specificity of roles, and claiming that literary theory fails to take account of 
+elemental biological motives and governing principles.9 It counters approaches over 
+the last three decades that explore what Gillian Beer has called the ‘two-way’ traffic 
+between science and literature.10 In Darwin’s Plots Beer argues that ‘discourse can 
+never be expunged from scientific enquiry’,11 but for the Neo-Darwinians discourse 
+and representation are subordinated to genes, narratives are underpinned by 
+reproductive drives. In his foreword to The Literary Animal the biologist E. O. 
+Wilson refers to ‘the dictates of our genes’ (25) and argues that narrative is 
+deterministic, a cultural expression of the genetic. 
+The mid Victorians were able to avoid opposition between environment and 
+biology. Lewes remarked in ‘Mr Darwin’s Hypothesis’ in 1868 that ‘by "conditions" 
+we are not to understand geographical or climatal influences simply, or even mainly; 
+but the whole group of conditions, external and internal, physical, organic, and 
+social, which determine the result.’12 This sense of complexity is at odds with post-
+Weismann and early eugenist views as well as with more recent neo-Darwinian 
+ideas. Awareness of complexity could, however, co-exist with reductive approaches 
+that fitted the new institutionalised contexts; these approaches did not deny the 
+impact of the environment but sought to exclude it in experimentation. The 
+emphasis in postgenomic science on complexity and on a synthesis of nature and 
+nurture is part of a wider resistance, perhaps, to anxieties that the human genome 
+project would reduce life to a series of coding sequences, and to concerns over the 
+potential of genetics for control.13 These ideas are not in themselves new: microbial 
+genetics developed as an area of experimental research in the 1940s and 1950s, and 
+opened up new ways of thinking about biology. William Hayes, a leader in the field, 
+discovered transferable genetic elements between bacteria. In his classic text book 
+The Genetics of Bacteria and their Viruses (1964) he wrote ‘what is inherited is not 
+the character itself but the potentiality to express it, and [...] this potentiality may be 
+profoundly affected by the environment to which the organism is exposed.’14 The 
+dynamic relations between organism and environment are now receiving new 
+emphasis in postgenomic biology. 
+ 
+Neo-Darwinism reduces evolutionary development and culture to biological 
+and deterministic principles, but somewhat paradoxically it is an idea that is now 
+
+4 
+ 
+Angelique Richardson, Darwin and Reductionisms: Victorian, Neo-Darwinian and 
+Postgenomic Biologies 
+19: Interdisciplinary Studies in the Long Nineteenth Century, 11 (2010) www.19.bbk.ac.uk 
+more prevalent in literary studies. Molecular biology has become less reductionist 
+with the new methodologies of systems biology.15 And while evolutionary biology 
+has moved beyond Darwin, the more complex aspects of Darwinian thought which 
+emphasise interdependence are paralleled in postgenomic thinking.16  
+ 
+Recent historical and literary scholarship focuses on the openness and the 
+progressive thought of the Victorian Darwin, but highlights too the diversity and 
+contrariety of Darwinian ideas. David Amigoni, Gillian Beer, Janet Browne, Adrian 
+Desmond, Thomas Dixon, George Levine and James Moore together give us a 
+scientist who is scientific and sympathetic, who wonders at difference, and opposes 
+slavery, who thinks, in Gillian Beer’s phrase, in the third edition of Darwin’s Plots 
+(2009, 242), about ‘the consciousness of others’ across all forms of organic life. 
+Darwin offers new ways of thinking about scale, about chance, about intimate 
+interrelatedness. He provides models for observing the natural world, giving us 
+narratives of growth and profusion, of thinking about telos, and progress.  
+ 
+But the Darwin celebrations of 2009 were, overall, less historically engaged. 
+Steven Shapin observes that the events, focused on Darwin and his perceived 
+present implications, marginalised the historical, taking Darwin out of his 
+intellectual and social context and reinforcing myths.17 Perhaps a focus - however 
+non-reductive - on one scientist risks reductive effects, tending to reinforce single 
+explanations and detracting from wider social and cultural influences. Of recent 
+biographies, Janet Browne’s Charles Darwin: Voyaging (1995) and Charles 
+Darwin: The Power of Place (2002) go furthest in detailing the world in which 
+Darwin was writing, providing a complex account of his life and work by focusing 
+on friendship, family, and social networks as scientific arenas, and the Cambridge 
+Darwin Correspondence Project offers invaluable insight into these networks. 
+ 
+I 
+Questions 
+ 
+The Origin of Species is expansive and unsettling. Birds sing in the bushes of an 
+entangled bank, insects flit about, and worms crawl through the damp earth. ‘It is 
+interesting’, Darwin writes, with both measure and wonder, that ‘these elaborately 
+
+5 
+ 
+Angelique Richardson, Darwin and Reductionisms: Victorian, Neo-Darwinian and 
+Postgenomic Biologies 
+19: Interdisciplinary Studies in the Long Nineteenth Century, 11 (2010) www.19.bbk.ac.uk 
+constructed forms, so different from each other, and dependent on each other in so 
+complex a manner, have all been produced by laws acting around us’.18 Darwin 
+gives as these laws: 
+Growth with Reproduction; Inheritance which is almost implied by 
+reproduction; Variability from the indirect and direct action of the 
+external conditions of life, and from use and disuse; a Ratio of Increase 
+so high as to lead to a Struggle for Life, and as a consequence to Natural 
+Selection, entailing Divergence of Character and the Extinction of less-
+improved forms (489-90). 
+There is a stress on environment, on extrinsic causes. Inheritance is ‘almost implied 
+by reproduction’, but nonetheless listed in its own right. The tentative distinction 
+between the two reflects both an uncertainty but also an acknowledgement of its 
+necessity. Inheritance was elusive. It didn’t map entirely onto the process of 
+reproduction.  
+ 
+Darwin’s gaze was meticulous and scrutinising but for all its observation it 
+was not without some of the biases of his contemporaries, accepting and working 
+within conventional racial hierarchies. This drive to understand and explain 
+everything might be seen as reductionist, at least methodologically, resonant at times 
+with Casaubon’s will to find the key to all mythologies in Middlemarch. But Darwin 
+remained open and speculative, in contrast to the approach emerging in a 
+developing, institutionalized, science. He introduced greater complexity into his 
+work subsequent to the Origin, seeking explanations that did not depend on natural 
+selection, and giving new attention to sexual selection which returns agency and 
+choice to individuals acting in social groups. And the scrutinising gaze is tempered, 
+countered, even, by a sense of wonder and eccentric curiosity which tends to 
+disallow ideology. Earthworms at Down House were whistled at, the children played 
+them music and Darwin shouted at them, to see if they could hear. Darwin records in 
+his last publication: ‘They were indifferent to shouts, if care was taken that the 
+breath did not strike them. When placed on a table close to the keys of a piano, 
+which was played as loudly as possible, they remained perfectly quiet.’19 Darwin’s 
+fascination with the world, with environment - with, in one instance, the ‘experience 
+of the plants in pots’20 - continued. In The Formation of Vegetable Mould (1881) he 
+remarked, ‘It may be doubted whether there are many other animals which have 
+
+6 
+ 
+Angelique Richardson, Darwin and Reductionisms: Victorian, Neo-Darwinian and 
+Postgenomic Biologies 
+19: Interdisciplinary Studies in the Long Nineteenth Century, 11 (2010) www.19.bbk.ac.uk 
+played so important a part in the history of the world, as have these lowly organised 
+creatures’.21 The idea surprises, and recognises extensive relations between 
+organism and environment. 
+ 
+Darwin asks questions, contemplates with interest, aware that the world will 
+not yield itself fully for analysis. As complex life forms come into the world, he 
+remarks, ‘this planet has gone cycling on according to the fixed law of gravity’ 
+(Origin, 490); here, gravity is contrasted with the multitude of variables which lead 
+to biological development. The world Darwin gives us is characterised by chance 
+complexity.  
+ 
+II 
+Responses 
+ 
+Darwin’s work was taken in various and contradictory directions by his readers. Sir 
+John Herschel, mathematician, astronomer, chemist and philosopher, referred to 
+natural selection as the ‘law of higgledy-piggledy’22 and the Cambridge Professor of 
+Geology Adam Sedgwick famously wrote to him: ‘There is a moral or metaphysical 
+part of nature as well as a physical [...] You have ignored this link; &, if I do not 
+mistake your meaning, you have done your best in one or two pregnant cases to 
+break it.’23 
+ 
+However, the Reverend and writer Charles Kingsley wrote to Darwin in the 
+same month: 
+I have gradually learnt to see that it is just as noble a conception of 
+Deity, to believe that he created primal forms capable of self 
+development into all forms needful pro tempore & pro loco, as to believe 
+that He required a fresh act of inter-vention to supply the lacunas wh. he 
+himself had made. I question whether the former be not the loftier 
+thought.24 
+ 
+Reading the Origin, George Eliot wrote to Barbara Bodichon: ‘to me the 
+Development Theory and all other explanations of processes by which things came 
+to be, produce a feeble impression compared with the mystery that lies under the 
+processes’,25 and G. H. Lewes remarked two decades later: 
+Sentiment is shocked at the attempt to explain Nature on mechanical 
+principles only, and is sustained by Common Sense, which sees other 
+
+7 
+ 
+Angelique Richardson, Darwin and Reductionisms: Victorian, Neo-Darwinian and 
+Postgenomic Biologies 
+19: Interdisciplinary Studies in the Long Nineteenth Century, 11 (2010) www.19.bbk.ac.uk 
+facts besides facts of motion, and sees that Nature is not mechanical 
+only. [...] When the moral impulse to cherish the weak and sickly is 
+condemned because Nature (which is not moral) cherishes the strong and 
+pitilessly destroys the weak, Common Sense protests, and the protest 
+helps to intensify the popular distrust of Science.26  
+ 
+ 
+But, as Lewes noted, mechanistic thinking was neither exclusive to nor 
+uniform in science: ‘the wiser heads among men of science are equally alive to the 
+mistakes of such applications’ (413). In The Descent of Man, Darwin suggested it 
+was both possible and desirable to improve the health of the nation through 
+controlled breeding: ‘excepting in the case of man himself, hardly any one is so 
+ignorant as to allow his worst animals to breed’, but he immediately countered this: 
+‘Nor could we check our sympathy, if so urged by hard reason, without deterioration 
+in the noblest part of our nature’. Sympathy, human nobility, stood in the way of 
+reductionism.27 
+ 
+The social implications of Darwin tended in various directions, pointing 
+further to competing aspects in his work but also suggesting ways in which 
+interpretation of his ideas, ranging from the ennobling to the mechanistic, can be 
+contingent on beliefs and social and political values. His cousin Francis Galton 
+developed the idea of eugenics for ‘improving stock’ in humans, arguing this was 
+‘practical Darwinism’, while for the exiled Russian biologist Peter Kropotkin 
+Darwin’s ideas led to mutual aid; co-operation throughout the plant and animal 
+world. 28 Kropotkin’s Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution, which collected his essays 
+from the 1890s in the Nineteenth Century, appeared in 1902. In the early twentieth 
+century hereditarians divided into biometricians and Mendelians. The Cambridge 
+biologist William Bateson rapidly became the leading British Mendelian, coining 
+the term ‘genetics’ which, he said in 1906, ‘would sufficiently indicate that our 
+labours are devoted to the elucidation of the phenomena of heredity and variation 
+[...] after more or less undirected wanderings, we have thus a definite aim in view.29 
+As historians and sociologists have noted, Bateson dismissed aspects of Darwinism, 
+referring to ‘the utilitarian view of the building up of Species’ in his Materials for 
+the Study of Variation (1894), which rejected the role of natural selection in 
+producing variation.30 He also opposed Weismann’s theory. While the 
+
+8 
+ 
+Angelique Richardson, Darwin and Reductionisms: Victorian, Neo-Darwinian and 
+Postgenomic Biologies 
+19: Interdisciplinary Studies in the Long Nineteenth Century, 11 (2010) www.19.bbk.ac.uk 
+biometricians, headed by Karl Pearson and W. F. R. Weldon, acknowledged that 
+every individual is different and environment has to be taken into account, they dealt 
+with the complexity thus identified by inventing the techniques of what became 
+mathematical statistics. These, they claimed, would allow reliable predictions of the 
+characteristics of populations of individuals and hence expert control of society and 
+its members. Challenging reductionist statistical theories, Bateson deployed 
+Mendelism to oppose this sort of scientism.31 He disliked the narrowly middle-class 
+values of the eugenics movement, and feared that its success might lead to the 
+further success of utilitarian rationalisation and modernisation.32 
+ 
+III 
+Uncertainties 
+ 
+In 1880 Darwin wrote a preface to a collection of essays on descent by the German 
+zoologist August Weismann, flagging up uncertainty around questions of inheritance 
+and environment: 
+Several distinguished naturalists maintain with much confidence that 
+organic beings tend to vary and to rise in the scale, independently of the 
+conditions to which they and their progenitors have been exposed; whilst 
+others maintain that all variation is due to such exposure, though the 
+manner in which the environment acts is as yet quite unknown. At the 
+present time there is hardly any question in biology of more importance 
+than this of the nature and causes of variability. (vi) 
+ 
+While Weismann’s ideas lent themselves to a shift towards hard-line hereditarian 
+thought, Weismann himself was aware that organisms were extremely complex and 
+that their environment profoundly affected them and their capacity to survive. His 
+thinking in relation to inheritance was structured by a reductive approach at a time 
+when science was rapidly professionalising and specialising and thought was 
+increasingly linked to occupational roles, situations and practices. Frank Turner 
+notes that in the later nineteenth century the professionalising efforts of the young 
+guard of scientists who championed the empirical method - relying on observation 
+and experiment - and claimed it as ‘the exclusive foundation for legitimate science’ 
+was led ‘to undermine the intellectual legitimacy of alternative modes of scientific 
+
+9 
+ 
+Angelique Richardson, Darwin and Reductionisms: Victorian, Neo-Darwinian and 
+Postgenomic Biologies 
+19: Interdisciplinary Studies in the Long Nineteenth Century, 11 (2010) www.19.bbk.ac.uk 
+thought and practice’. 33 It was in part under these new conditions that emphasis was 
+refocused on the organism itself; specialisation would be likely to lead to partial 
+sightedness. Sometimes, this was a partial sightedness that was fully aware of the 
+wider picture, but questions were closed down by a newly professionalised context. 
+The developing laboratory and new technologies of observation and experiment 
+limited the questions and connections that can be investigated with precision.34  
+ 
+Awareness of complexity could co-exist with narrowed and reductionist 
+thinking in the more limited purview of a new, strongly bounded professional 
+context. Weismann wrote of heredity: ‘The great complexity of the subject has alone 
+rendered it hitherto insuperable’ noting that ‘we certainly have not reached the limits 
+of attainable knowledge’, and it was complexity that Darwin chose to focus on in his 
+preface to Weismann’s essays.35 In his later essay ‘Remarks on Certain Problems of 
+the Day’, Weismann pointed out that his thoughts on heredity were not final but 
+were to serve ‘as a starting-point for further thought’ (II, 82). He drew an analogy 
+between the question of heredity and ‘certain anatomical and physiological 
+problems, e.g., the structure and function of the human brain. Its structure - with so 
+many millions of nerve-fibres and nerve-cells - is of such extraordinary complexity 
+that we might well despair of ever completely understanding it’ and argued that as 
+knowledge here might be advanced by investigating the nervous systems in lower 
+forms: ‘we should not abandon the hope of arriving at a satisfactory knowledge of 
+the processes of heredity, if we consider the simplest processes of the lower animals 
+as well as the more complex processes met with in the higher forms’ (71-2). This 
+assumption that the simple might provide unproblematic insight into the complex 
+tends to reductionist thinking.  
+ 
+Darwin, working independently at Down House, was able to stay with 
+questions, remarking in the Origin: ‘The laws governing inheritance are quite 
+unknown; no one can say why the same peculiarity in different individuals of the 
+same species, and in individuals of different species, is sometimes inherited and 
+sometimes not’ (13). Professions of uncertainty would similarly abound in The 
+Effects of Cross- and Self-Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom (1876), Darwin’s 
+meticulous write-up of eleven years of detailed research through experimentation. 
+The cause of variation is both vital and elusive. The Origin, G. H. Lewes remarked, 
+
+10 
+ 
+Angelique Richardson, Darwin and Reductionisms: Victorian, Neo-Darwinian and 
+Postgenomic Biologies 
+19: Interdisciplinary Studies in the Long Nineteenth Century, 11 (2010) www.19.bbk.ac.uk 
+was ‘the product of an immense series of tentative gropings [...] the product of long-
+continued though baffled research’.36  Laws of heredity perplex George Eliot’s Mr 
+Tulliver in The Mill on the Floss: ‘a pleasant sort o’ soft woman may go on breeding 
+you stupid lads and ’cute wenches, till it’s as if the world was turned topsy-turvy. 
+It’s an uncommon puzzlin’ thing’.37 The suggestion that somehow heredity ought to 
+be more straightforward seems here suspect, almost nonsensical.  
+ 
+ 
+IV 
+Organism and Environment 
+ 
+Darwin’s science had greater affinity with the Victorian novelist, both in terms of 
+method and ethos, than with a late nineteenth-century German laboratory researcher 
+such as Weismann. In 1853, in his exposition of Comte, who he held to be ‘the 
+greatest thinker of modern times’, Lewes wrote 
+if Bichat had only steadily considered the indispensable co-operation of 
+the medium (or surrounding circumstances in which an organization is 
+placed) with the organization itself [...] he would have seen that so far 
+from organic bodies being independent of external circumstances they 
+became more and more dependent on them as their organization 
+becomes higher.38 
+He defined medium as ‘the whole of the surrounding circumstances necessary to the 
+existence of the organism’. Eliot, turning over questions of inheritance and 
+environment, shared this sense of the integral relationship between organism and 
+environment. In ‘The Natural History of German Life’, her review of the first two 
+parts of W. H. Riehl’s Naturgeschichte des Volkes in the Westminster Review, she 
+emphasises the reciprocal relations between character and environment and their 
+centrality to development:  
+The external conditions which society has inherited from the past are but 
+the manifestation of inherited internal conditions in the human beings 
+who compose it; the internal conditions and the external are related to 
+each other as the organism and its medium, and development can take 
+place only by the gradual consentaneous development of both.39  
+ 
+The emphasis on agreement, on mutual consent between organism and 
+environment, as though both are entities with choice and agency, is striking. The 
+model is one of dynamic interaction: the biological and the historical inscribe each 
+
+11 
+ 
+Angelique Richardson, Darwin and Reductionisms: Victorian, Neo-Darwinian and 
+Postgenomic Biologies 
+19: Interdisciplinary Studies in the Long Nineteenth Century, 11 (2010) www.19.bbk.ac.uk 
+other. This, Eliot argued, was ‘incarnate history’ (127, emphasis in original). Here 
+was a manifesto against reductionism, for the historian, the scientist, and, implicitly, 
+the novelist. Eliot emphasised that any study of ‘the natural history of our social 
+classes, especially of the small shopkeepers, artisans, and peasantry’ would have to 
+take into account their entire environment, including their relations with each other. 
+In referring not simply to history but to natural history, she brings the present, in the 
+form of interdependent living systems, to the past. Natural history was concerned 
+with the whole organism, and its relation to its environment, as biology was not 
+necessarily. Eliot describes a complex welter of relations and influences that 
+resonates with Darwin: ‘local conditions, their maxims and habits, the points of view 
+from which they regard their religious teachers [...] the interaction of the various 
+classes on each other, and what are the tendencies in their position towards 
+disintegration or towards development’ (112). Disintegration and development are at 
+once biological and social terms. Eliot advances a form of development that is both 
+natural and historical. 
+ 
+The questions Lewes and Eliot were turning over in the 1850s find 
+expression in Eliot’s fiction. Middlemarch, a sustained study of organisms in their 
+social medium, presents us with a twenty-seven-year-old Lydgate who is determined 
+to provide the next sequence to Bichat’s work in pursuing a knowledge of living 
+structure. Lewes saw Bichat as too exclusively focused on the organism, and 
+Lydgate determines to go more deeply into the structure of tissue, wrongly thinking 
+that he can shut out environment at will, doing ‘good small work for Middlemarch, 
+and great work for the world’; he is bounded by a desire to ‘contribute towards 
+enlarging the scientific, rational basis of his profession’ but his science cannot 
+proceed independently of his social environment.40  
+ 
+Cusped between his nature and his environment, Lydgate’s career at this 
+point is a ‘fine subject for a betting’ (140). The moment encapsulates a process 
+central to novel writing. Possibility is unfixed, free will, tendency and circumstance 
+are in precarious balance. Lydgate has reached a starting point ‘with all the possible 
+thwartings and furtherings of circumstance, all the niceties of inward balance, by 
+which a man swims and makes his point or else is carried headlong’ (140). In the 
+prelude Eliot suggests an analogy between human history and science through the 
+
+12 
+ 
+Angelique Richardson, Darwin and Reductionisms: Victorian, Neo-Darwinian and 
+Postgenomic Biologies 
+19: Interdisciplinary Studies in the Long Nineteenth Century, 11 (2010) www.19.bbk.ac.uk 
+terms ‘mixture’ and ‘experiment’, referring to ‘the history of man, and how the 
+mysterious mixture behaves under the varying experiments of Time’ (3). Character 
+is a ‘mysterious mixture’, fluid, unpredictable, but on the other hand Lydgate is 
+marked, mottled by ‘spots of commonness’ somewhere between nature and nurture 
+(141). He walks, Eliot tells us, ‘by hereditary habit’ (327). The phrase is significant, 
+undercutting the sense of a determining heredity. Eliot had referred in the Mill on 
+the Floss to ‘hereditary custom’ (272). Habits are not hereditary in the sense of 
+being inevitable, but are somehow learned: they are ultimately chosen rather than 
+given and may be thrown off.41 For Eliot, character can be delible. Character, she 
+emphasises in Middlemarch, is not fixed. ‘“My dear Mrs. Casaubon” said Mr. 
+Farebrother, smiling gently at her ardour, “character is not cut in marble—it is not 
+something solid and unalterable. It is something living and changing”’ (692). Eliot 
+was familiar with Bain’s associationist ideas, in which repeated activities left 
+pathways through the mind so that character was to an extent formed 
+physiologically, but her fiction advances a more fluid conception of character, in 
+dynamic relation to its social medium, with habit as educable, at least as much as 
+hereditary.42 
+ 
+ The capacity to transform habit was under scrutiny at this time. In the same 
+year as the Origin, Samuel Smiles’ Self-Help (which had originated as a series of 
+lectures to the Leeds Mutual Improvement Society in 1845) appeared.  In one of 
+these lectures Smiles had declared: ‘it is alleged that education would give [the 
+working classes] aspirations to rise above their present position, and might endanger 
+institutions now established among us, and held to be “glorious”. Welcome to all 
+such aspirations!’43 The work emphasised the capacity for autonomy and self-
+development, going against fixed hereditarian ideas of social hierarchy: ‘it may be 
+observed how greatly the character may be strengthened and supported by the 
+cultivation of good habits’.44 In Self-Help Smiles quoted Joseph Butler: ‘“As habits 
+belonging to the body,” he says, “are produced by external acts, so habits of the 
+mind are produced by the execution of inward practical purposes.”’45  
+ 
+These were questions with which John Stuart Mill was engaged. In his 
+Autobiography (1873) he wrote: 
+
+13 
+ 
+Angelique Richardson, Darwin and Reductionisms: Victorian, Neo-Darwinian and 
+Postgenomic Biologies 
+19: Interdisciplinary Studies in the Long Nineteenth Century, 11 (2010) www.19.bbk.ac.uk 
+In particular, I have long felt that the prevailing tendency to regard all 
+the marked distinctions of human character as innate, and in the main 
+indelible, and to ignore the irresistible proofs that by far the greater part 
+of those differences, whether between individuals, races, or sexes, are 
+such as not only might but naturally would be produced by differences in 
+circumstances, is one of the chief hindrances to the rational treatment of 
+great social questions and one of the greatest stumbling blocks to human 
+improvement.46 
+It was, he thought, a tendency ‘so agreeable to human indolence, as well as to 
+conservative interests generally’, that it would need to be attacked ‘at the very root’ 
+(184).  
+ 
+V 
+Relations between the sciences 
+ 
+  
+Eliot saw social science as comprising elements which corresponded to the ‘grand 
+and simple generalizations’ of ‘mathematics and physics’ but noted that it had other 
+departments which, embracing ‘the conditions of social life in all their complexity 
+[...] may be called its Biology carrying us on to innumerable special phenomena 
+which outlie the sphere of science, and belong to Natural History’ ('Natural History', 
+130). Figured in this way, resisting reductive specialisations, biology allowed for 
+observation and particularity, and a means for seeing the whole organism in its 
+habitat. For Eliot, biology, with its affinity to natural history, is more than a science, 
+and must be if it is to account for life: 
+And just as the most thorough acquaintance with physics, or chemistry, 
+or general physiology will not enable you at once to establish the 
+balance of life in your private vivarium, [...] so the most complete 
+equipment of theory will not enable a statesman or a political and social 
+reformer to adjust his measures wisely, in the absence of a special 
+acquaintance with the section of society for which he legislates [...]. In 
+other words, a wise social policy must be based not simply on abstract 
+social science, but on the Natural History of social bodies. (130-1) 
+ 
+ Here, Eliot suggests that no single science can apprehend society, each 
+may offer some light, but it is natural history that is the most illuminating. She 
+draws on Comte, but also diverges from him. Comte did not see the phenomena of 
+biology as outlying the boundaries of science, arguing instead that they obeyed a law 
+
+14 
+ 
+Angelique Richardson, Darwin and Reductionisms: Victorian, Neo-Darwinian and 
+Postgenomic Biologies 
+19: Interdisciplinary Studies in the Long Nineteenth Century, 11 (2010) www.19.bbk.ac.uk 
+of higher complexity.47 Eliot resists Comte’s hierarchy of the sciences which viewed 
+social science as the most complex, following on from astronomy, physics, 
+chemistry, and biology, instead taking social science outside science, and turns to 
+natural history to open up a space for biology and social science that allows for 
+indeterminacy.  
+ 
+Lewes is illuminating here. He wrote in his exposition of Comte that ‘all 
+phenomena of life [are] more complex than chemical or physical phenomenon, and 
+hence less easily reduced to simple laws’ (Comte’s Philosophy of the Sciences, 164). 
+He went on to quote Comte: ‘if anyone will turn to the section on Organic 
+Chemistry, and consider the arguments which force a repudiation of the 
+encroachment of Chemistry into the proper domain of Biology, he will see how 
+irresistibly they apply to this encroachment of Biology into Psychology’ (211); each 
+science was limited. In Popular Science Monthly he observed that each science ‘is 
+restricted to its own class of facts, none can legislate for others’.48 Eliot was 
+concerned to distinguish between the sciences, pointing also to their limitations: 
+‘Biology embraces phenomena which are not explicable by Chemistry; and no 
+biological generalization will enable us to predict the infinite specialities produced 
+by the complexity of vital conditions’ (130). The argument foreshadows Karl 
+Popper’s statement, as part of a wider critique of reductionism in his Medawar 
+Lecture, ‘A New Interpretation of Darwinism’ (1986), that biochemistry is not 
+reducible to chemistry.49 The neurobiologist Steven Rose, in his challenge to 
+reductionism, Lifelines: Biology, Freedom, Determinism, notes: ‘whatever the case 
+may be for the properties of physical and chemical systems, the nature of 
+evolutionary and developmental processes in biology means that there is no such 
+necessary primacy [of lower orders]’ (93); ‘every level of organization of the 
+universe has its own meanings, which disappear at lower levels’ (296). That which 
+may appear intrinsic can usually be seen to have at least some extrinsic aspect. Rose 
+argues that the new genetics has fuelled the reductionist argument of neurogenetic 
+determinism which argues for a directly causal relationship between gene and 
+behaviour - what has come to be seen as the ‘genes for’ idea50 - and emphasises that 
+‘living systems are by definition open ones’; ‘a living organism cannot exist 
+independently from its environment, with its constant interchange of energy and 
+
+15 
+ 
+Angelique Richardson, Darwin and Reductionisms: Victorian, Neo-Darwinian and 
+Postgenomic Biologies 
+19: Interdisciplinary Studies in the Long Nineteenth Century, 11 (2010) www.19.bbk.ac.uk 
+information, threats and promises’ (95).  
+ 
+The close-knittedness of organism and environment, of insides and 
+outsides, is integral to the Victorian realist novel. Characters move in a bulky social 
+milieu of events, gossip, stories, and other people, very few of which are 
+immediately predictable. Only the author knows what is going to happen, and he or 
+she can equally decide in favour of something else happening. If character were 
+fixed and determined by biology most novels would be very short, indeed there 
+would likely be no need for such environmental stimuli as novels. And characters 
+that are impervious to circumstance, to others, to the world around them, do not 
+make for page turners. Even Emile Zola’s characters, seemingly in thrall to heredity, 
+find themselves in relentless environments. Fiction at a formal level tends to present 
+a challenge to the idea of character as biologically produced and determined, 
+elaborately detailing conditions necessary to existence. As he prepared his novels for 
+the Macmillan 1912 Wessex Edition, Hardy gave them a retrospective classification, 
+designating the first and pre-eminent group, the ‘novels of character and 
+environment’. The earliest of the nine works grouped in this category was Under the 
+Greenwood Tree (1872); it would be another three years before Darwin first used 
+the term. He wrote in the second edition of The Variation of Animals and Plants 
+under Domestication (1875) ‘[I]f it profited a plant to inhabit a humid instead of an 
+arid station, a fitting change in its constitution might possibly result from the direct 
+action of the environment.’51 In the first edition he had referred to a plant having to 
+be ‘modified so as to become fitted to inhabit’ an altered station; this was now 
+reformulated, with the environment gaining a more active role.52 Herbert Spencer 
+popularised the term, referring in his Principles of Psychology (1855) to ‘the 
+division of the environment into two halves, soil and air’.53 The idea of environment 
+entered biological discourse, having the precise meaning of influences which could 
+act on and determine the development of an organism or character, and offered 
+resistance to reductionist hereditarian explanations. All Hardy’s novels explore to 
+varying degrees the individual unfolding in, chafing against, thriving or wilting in 
+their environment. Jude the Obscure is eventually overwhelmed by his, but Donald 
+Farfrae effects changes in his, and thrives. The Woodlanders, rustling with trees, 
+explores implicit and explicit analogies between humans and other life forms. Grace 
+
+16 
+ 
+Angelique Richardson, Darwin and Reductionisms: Victorian, Neo-Darwinian and 
+Postgenomic Biologies 
+19: Interdisciplinary Studies in the Long Nineteenth Century, 11 (2010) www.19.bbk.ac.uk 
+Melbury, uprooted from her environment, loses something of herself. Hardy’s 
+novels of character and environment share the purview of all novels which explore 
+the relation between character and world. In this way, the novelist and the 
+Darwinian biologist share a common interest in external influences, including social 
+relations, on the development of life.  
+VI 
+Eclipse of the Environment 
+ 
+So how did we get from an enworlded sense of development to reductive neo-
+Darwinism - or what Steven Rose refers to as Ultra-Darwinism - the idea of the 
+organism isolated from environment? Even the British zoologist Ray Lankester, in 
+the profoundly deterministic Degeneration: A Chapter in Darwinism (1880), related 
+his pessimistic model of development to environment: ‘Degeneration may be 
+defined as a gradual change of the structure in which the organism becomes adapted 
+to less varied and less complex conditions of life [...] Any new set of conditions 
+occurring to an animal which render its food and safety very easily attained, seem to 
+lead as a rule to Degeneration’.54 But in the 1880s, rising concern over urban 
+poverty, degeneration, and imperial rivalries, drove changing perceptions of human 
+nature. Heredity came to be seen as playing a more decisive part as increasingly 
+troubling social questions were displaced onto the biological. A concomitant focus 
+on the organism, divorced from environmental concerns, was privileged in a new 
+professional context. Weismann dismissed the effects of Lamarckian use or disuse 
+and the inheritance of any acquired characteristics, delivering a dramatic challenge 
+to environmental influence. Lewes had remarked of Lamarck: 
+naturalists before his time had been wont to consider the Organism apart 
+from the Medium in which it existed; he clearly saw that vital 
+phenomena depended on the relation of the two; but in his hypothesis he 
+sacrificed the one factor somewhat to the other; he paid too little regard 
+to the Organism and its laws of development.55  
+Darwin increasingly made use of Lamarck’s idea of acquired characteristics in 
+successive issues of the Origin. Weismann’s work veered in the other direction, 
+providing a resolute argument in favour of nature over nurture, and suggesting a 
+decisive break with past conceptions:  
+
+17 
+ 
+Angelique Richardson, Darwin and Reductionisms: Victorian, Neo-Darwinian and 
+Postgenomic Biologies 
+19: Interdisciplinary Studies in the Long Nineteenth Century, 11 (2010) www.19.bbk.ac.uk 
+the substance of the germ-cells [...] transfers its hereditary tendencies 
+from generation to generation, at first unchanged, and always 
+uninfluenced in any corresponding manner, by that which happens 
+during the life of the individual which bears it [...] if these ideas [...] be 
+correct, all our ideas upon the transformation of species require thorough 
+modification, for the whole principle of evolution by means of exercise 
+(use and disuse), as proposed by Lamarck, and accepted in some cases 
+by Darwin, entirely collapses.56 
+Germ-plasm – which bore the factors determining the transmission of characters – 
+was apparently isolated from the body of the organism that carried it, and was 
+transmitted unchanged from generation to generation. The matter which controlled 
+heredity simply passed through the organism, without contributions from the 
+somatic cells, and apparently impervious to environmental influence. Weismann 
+declared, ‘it is impossible to imagine any way in which the transmission of changes, 
+produced by the direct action of external forces upon the somatic cells, can be 
+brought about’ (80). Organism and environment were cut off from each other. ‘The 
+germ-plasm is the essential part of the germ-cell, and determines the nature of the 
+individual that arises from it’ reported Grant Allen in the Academy.57 The role of 
+culture in this narrative of evolutionary development was redundant. 
+ 
+Conditions for the reception of Weismann’s ideas were as favourable as they 
+were for their production. Even Hardy records ‘dipping into’ them in 1890.58 There 
+were other perspectives. Alfred Wallace, for example, developed the idea of cultural 
+evolution and saw human progress as largely independent of natural selection, but 
+this proved less popular.59 The degrading effects of slum life and factory work, and 
+the conditions of the poor, were receiving sensational coverage in such articles as 
+‘How the Poor Live’ by George Sims, which became a regular feature of The 
+Pictorial World, and these fuelled fears of degeneration. The journalist and eugenist 
+Arnold White, who published his first explorations of the poor in The Problems of a 
+Great City (1886), wrote in Empire and Efficiency (1901) of ‘street-bred brains’ and 
+‘country-born labourers in the prime of life’ becoming ‘white-faced workmen living 
+in courts and alleys’. He warned that ‘the Empire will not be maintained by a nation 
+of out-patients’ and that ‘the marriage of destitute and sickly minors is a fruitful 
+recruiting-ground for the unfit.’60 ‘London. Four Million forlorn hopes!’ wrote 
+Hardy in his diary in 1889.61 In a chapter called ‘Pathological’, in The Nether World, 
+
+18 
+ 
+Angelique Richardson, Darwin and Reductionisms: Victorian, Neo-Darwinian and 
+Postgenomic Biologies 
+19: Interdisciplinary Studies in the Long Nineteenth Century, 11 (2010) www.19.bbk.ac.uk 
+George Gissing remarks of Clara Hewett:  
+you must try to understand this girl of the people, with her unfortunate 
+endowment of brains and defect of tenderness [...] like a creature that is 
+beset by unrelenting forces, she summoned and surveyed all the craft 
+faculties lurking in the dark places of her nature.62 
+Like the characters that inhabit it, this urban world is diseased, as the chapter title 
+suggests; it is biologically determined and seems incapable of improvement.63 The 
+depiction of the poor in these biologistic terms continued. In Jack London’s more 
+sympathetic People of the Abyss (1903), a term Wells employed in his Anticipations 
+of the Reactions of Mechanical and Scientific Progress Upon Human Life and 
+Thought, the poor are: ‘a new species, a breed of city savages.’64 The brutalising 
+effects of poverty in cities were made unavoidably obvious. Hereditarian thought, 
+which refused environmental influence, held that environment itself could be 
+explained by biology. 
+ 
+Weismann shows awareness of the effects of environment, but these are 
+downplayed in his laboratory experiments. 
+abundant nourishment can make the body large and strong, but can never 
+make a giant out of the germ-cell destined to become a dwarf. Unhealthy 
+sedentary habits or insufficient nourishment makes the factory-hand pale 
+and stunted; life on board ship with plenty of exercise and sea air, gives 
+the sailor bodily strength and a tanned skin; but when once the 
+resemblance to father or mother, or to both, is established in the germ-
+cell it can never be effaced, let the habit of life be what it will (Essays 
+upon Heredity, 102).  
+There was resistance both within and outside the scientific community. In The 
+Biological Problem of Today: Preformation or Epigenesis? (1896) the zoologist 
+Oscar Hertwig referred to Weismann’s doctrine of determinants as ‘a closed system, 
+finding within itself a formal explanation of all development’.65 It was, he argued 
+‘an abandonment of explanation rather than an explanation; for it explains by sign 
+and tokens that elude verification and experiment, and that cannot encounter 
+concrete investigation’ (140). Hertwig defined epigenesis as the doctrine that the 
+formation of a new individual was not simply the outgrowing of particles in the egg-
+cell, but the result of ‘moulding external forces’ (143). In his introduction to 
+Hertwig’s study the zoologist Peter Chalmers Mitchell wrote, ‘we are only at the 
+beginning of inquiry into the problems of heredity’ (xiv).  
+
+19 
+ 
+Angelique Richardson, Darwin and Reductionisms: Victorian, Neo-Darwinian and 
+Postgenomic Biologies 
+19: Interdisciplinary Studies in the Long Nineteenth Century, 11 (2010) www.19.bbk.ac.uk 
+ 
+Weismann’s hard-line hereditarian approach would continue into the 
+twentieth century, finding expression, for example, in The Bell Curve (1994), the 
+work of the psychologist Richard J. Hernstein and the political scientist Charles 
+Murray. Franz Boas, the Columbia anthropologist, mounted a sustained attack on 
+eugenics and argued that IQ tests were affected by education and social and cultural 
+environment, and in The Mismeasure of Man (1981) Stephen Jay Gould disputed 
+E.O. Wilson’s claims that certain traits were universal in humans.66 Further 
+resistance to hereditarianism from within the scientific community came from 
+Barbara McClintock, the 1983 Nobel Laureate,67 and the geneticist Richard 
+Lewontin, who opposes genetic determinism and its expression in sociobiology and 
+evolutionary psychology.68  
+ 
+VII 
+Interdependencies 
+ 
+In 1910 Hardy, who referred to himself as one of the earlier acclaimers of the 
+Origin, observed: 
+Few people seem to perceive fully as yet that the most far-reaching 
+consequence of the establishment of the common origin of all species, is 
+ethical; that it logically involved a readjustment of altruistic morals by 
+enlarging as a necessity of rightness the application of what has been 
+called “The Golden Rule” beyond the area of mere mankind to that of 
+the whole animal kingdom. Possibly Darwin himself did not wholly 
+perceive it, though he alluded to it.69 
+New research in biology emphasises intersubjectivity, not just between humans but 
+between species. The biologists Frans de Waal, Marc Bekoff and Jessica Pierce 
+demonstrate that nature can be a source of value, a network of empathy, trust, and 
+reciprocity.70 Postgenomic thinking shares ground with the dynamic Darwinian 
+model of interaction, arguing that organisms have a constructive role in relation to 
+their environment. Postgenomic biologists working on genes and environment in 
+relation to race, and who are involved in the politics of health equality, include 
+Esteban González Burchard, a medical doctor specialising in genetic epidemiology, 
+and Rick Kittles, who researches issues surrounding race, genetic ancestry and 
+health disparities.71 Postgenomic science evidences a world that is probabilistic 
+
+20 
+ 
+Angelique Richardson, Darwin and Reductionisms: Victorian, Neo-Darwinian and 
+Postgenomic Biologies 
+19: Interdisciplinary Studies in the Long Nineteenth Century, 11 (2010) www.19.bbk.ac.uk 
+rather than deterministic and emphasises the centrality of social relations to 
+evolutionary development. John Dupré and Barry Barnes write that ‘it could still be 
+that our inclination to identify the essence of ourselves with what is written in our 
+genomes would greatly diminish if we chose to reflect more deeply on our social 
+life’ and ‘the interaction with others in which it consists’.72  
+ 
+Popper argued for ‘active Darwinism’, which saw the living organism as 
+helping to determine its own fate by modifying its environment to meet its needs, 
+and Lewontin writes against one of the central concepts of neo-Darwinism, the idea 
+that an organism does not influence but merely fits its environment.73 This is one of 
+the most fertile questions in evolutionary biology.74 Recent research reinforces the 
+idea that gene expression is influenced by early environment.75 For twenty-first-
+century postgenomic biologists, life is no longer understood in terms of fixed 
+taxonomies or essences, but as a dynamic world of various microbial combinations. 
+The dynamic world of postgenomic biology, resonant with the interconnected world 
+of the mid-Victorians, rejects the traditional dichotomy between nature and nurture, 
+and recognises the centrality of cooperation to life forms (seen in its most extreme 
+form in mutualistic symbiosis). Using the term ‘the politics of life’ to contrast the 
+present with Foucault’s politics of health in the eighteenth century, the sociologist 
+Nikolas Rose argues that contemporary biopolitics is not defined by health and 
+illness, or by parameters of sexuality and procreation. He writes ‘it is a space of 
+problems concerning the optimization of life itself’ and sees ways out from a causal 
+relationship between geneticization and determinism, making the point that ‘to place 
+something on the side of nature is no longer to place it on the side of the 
+unalterable’.76 Once individuals who are genetically at risk are identified there can 
+be interventions to reduce that risk (249); and interventions such as gene therapy can 
+be life giving. The realisation we are all biological creatures should not, he argues, 
+be a cause for critique but for optimism (254). Rose offers a challenge to the 
+polarised positions of social constructionism and biological determinism. As he 
+points out, there has been a seismic shift from the position of second-wave 
+feminism, whereby the body was a natural object which needed to be rescued from 
+medical experts, to a situation where bodies have become central to our 
+expectations, hopes and identities; it is, he argues, a time of an emergent form of 
+
+21 
+ 
+Angelique Richardson, Darwin and Reductionisms: Victorian, Neo-Darwinian and 
+Postgenomic Biologies 
+19: Interdisciplinary Studies in the Long Nineteenth Century, 11 (2010) www.19.bbk.ac.uk 
+life. We are entering a complex, confusing time, and to view as negative all 
+development in genetics is analogous to opposing medical research, and misses 
+some of the possibilities of humanity.  
+ 
+The historian of health sciences Dorothy Porter has recently brought the new 
+conceptions of environment and organism to bear on the question of race, 
+problematising claims that developments in genomic science will lead to new forms 
+of social hierarchy and discrimination determined by genetic heritage.77 Charting 
+ways in which the genome revolution in microbiology has led to new macro-studies 
+of population genetics and the role of ancestry in understanding human disease, she 
+observes the ease with which scientific investigations of race are seen as racialist 
+science and as reinforcing of cultural racism78 and cautions against ill-defined uses 
+of the term ‘personalized medicine’, which carries the sense of ‘designer’ health and 
+other apparent expressions of the excesses of capitalist individualism; Porter shows 
+that recent developments in molecular biology are unlocking variable genomic risk 
+to diseases and revealing the likely effectiveness of pharmaceutical therapeutic 
+interventions.  
+ 
+The latest scientific thinking about race has more to do with history than 
+biology. Porter points out that ancestry population geneticists are not biological 
+essentialists and compares them to historians of sociological activities such as 
+migration and mating, and draws on González Burchard on the importance of 
+appreciating different layers of complexity, from environmental, historical and 
+demographic factors to genetic ancestry.79 This understanding of the centrality of the 
+environment returns us to the Victorians who understood the dynamic relations 
+between history, environment, and biology. Eliot emphasised that it was 
+environment, the various circumstances that grow from the physical geography and 
+‘land culture’ of the German peasantry, which gave rise to their ‘numerous specific 
+differences in manner and character’ (‘Natural History’, 126). These differences 
+acknowledged and expressed the interrelations between the environmental and the 
+biological. There is some correlation here with eighteenth-century conceptions of 
+race, such as Buffon’s view that race was temporal; it ‘persists as long as the milieu 
+remains and disappears when the milieu is changed’80 but Buffon’s work is 
+characterised by a sense of racial hierarchy,81 while Eliot and her Victorian 
+
+22 
+ 
+Angelique Richardson, Darwin and Reductionisms: Victorian, Neo-Darwinian and 
+Postgenomic Biologies 
+19: Interdisciplinary Studies in the Long Nineteenth Century, 11 (2010) www.19.bbk.ac.uk 
+contemporaries resisted deterministic thought. 
+ 
+Opposed to racial feeling, Hardy urged in 1917 in a letter to the Secretary of 
+the Royal Society of Literature that ‘the sentiment of Foreignness [...] attach only to 
+other planets and their inhabitants, if any’.82 In his poem ‘The Pity of It’, published 
+the same year, he reads race historically, finding kinship between the English and 
+Germans through common language. An environmental perspective must open up 
+race to social as well as biological influences. Darwin himself observed in the 
+Descent that races ‘graduate into each other’; ‘it is hardly possible to discover clear 
+distinctive character between them’ (I, 226).  
+ 
+Nature in Hardy makes mistakes, unexpectedly and entertainingly. There is 
+little deterministic about it, and those who are its familiar inhabitants take note of 
+these quirks: 
+To people at home there these changeful tricks had their interests; the 
+strange mistakes that some of the more sanguine trees had made in 
+budding before their month, to be incontinently glued up by frozen 
+thawings now; the similar sanguine errors of impulsive birds in framing 
+nests that were now swamped by snow-water, and other such incidents, 
+prevented any sense of wearisomeness in the minds of the natives.83 
+But to the stranger the accidental and impetuous are invisible. The novel brings 
+home the reciprocal relations between the natives and their complex, fallible, 
+habitat. The unpredictable precludes the reductive and thwarts the deterministic. 
+ 
+‘Proud Songsters’, in Hardy’s last published volume of poetry,84 brings us 
+back to the unexplained birds of the Origin of Species. 
+The thrushes sing as the sun is going, 
+And the finches whistle in ones and pairs, 
+And as it gets dark loud nightingales 
+In bushes 
+Pipe, as they can when April wears, 
+As if all Time were theirs. 
+  
+These are brand new birds of twelvemonths’ growing, 
+Which a year ago, or less than twain, 
+No finches were, nor nightingales, 
+Nor thrushes, 
+But only particles of grain, 
+And earth, and air, and rain. 
+Science, philosophy and poetry combine. Reflection follows observation. The ‘only’ 
+
+23 
+ 
+Angelique Richardson, Darwin and Reductionisms: Victorian, Neo-Darwinian and 
+Postgenomic Biologies 
+19: Interdisciplinary Studies in the Long Nineteenth Century, 11 (2010) www.19.bbk.ac.uk 
+of the penultimate line is belied by the iterative, and elemental, clauses of the last. 
+Biology is more than chemistry, and the proud songsters are expressly, and 
+inexpressibly, more than the sum of their parts. The transcendental counters the 
+reductive; Victorian wonder resists Neo-Darwinian closure. 
+ 
+                                                
+1 I would like to thank Barry Barnes, Carolyn Burdett, John Dupré, Regenia Gagnier, Phillip Mallett, 
+Dorothy Porter and Paul White for their valuable comments in the writing of this article, and the Arts 
+and Humanities Research Council for supporting the research. I am also grateful to the Wellcome 
+Trust, Exeter Centre for Medical History, the ESRC Centre for Genomics in Society, and Exeter 
+Interdisciplinary Institute for supporting the Darwin, Medicine and the Humanities Symposium 
+(Exeter, 2009) which informed this research. 
+2 Charles Darwin, preface to August Weismann, Studies in the theory of descent, 2 vols (London: 
+Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington, 1880), p. vi. Translation of Studien zur Descendenz-Theorie. 2 
+vols (Leipzig: Engelmann, 1875-6). 
+3 On reductionism as methodology see Steven Rose, Lifelines: Biology: Freedom, Determinism 
+(London: Penguin, 1997); republished as Lifelines: Life Beyond the Gene, (Oxford: Oxford 
+University Press, 2003), chapter 2. 
+4 On this slippage see S. Rose, Lifelines, esp. chapter 4. On reductionism in classical genetics and 
+molecular biology, see Sahotra Sarkar, Genetics and Reductionism (Cambridge, Cambridge 
+University Press, 1998). Sarkar demonstrates that practically all complex human behavioural traits 
+cannot be explained simply by genes.  
+5 John Dupré, The Disorder of Things: Metaphysical Foundations of the Disunity of Science 
+(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993), p. 6. 
+6 See Nature After the Genome, ed. by Sarah Parry and John Dupré (Oxford: Wiley Blackwell, 2010), 
+and Dupré, ‘Postgenomic Darwinism’, in Darwin, ed. by W. Brown and A. Fabian (Cambridge: 
+Cambridge University Press, 2010), pp. 150-171. 
+7  George Romanes, ‘Recent Critics of Darwinism’, Contemporary Review, 53 (1888), 836–54 (p. 
+852). 
+8 Joseph Carroll, ‘Human Nature and Literary Meaning: A Theoretical Model illustrated with a 
+Critique of Pride and Prejudice’, in The Literary Animal: Evolution and the Nature of Narrative, ed. 
+by Jonathan Gottschall and David Sloan Wilson (Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 2005), 
+pp. 76-106 (p. 84).                                                                                                                                        
+9 On literary Darwinism see David Amigoni, ‘A Consilient Canon? Bridges to and from Evolutionary 
+Literary Analysis’, English Studies in Canada 32: 2-3 (2006), 173-85 and Gowan Dawson, 
+‘Literature and Science under the Microscope’, Journal of Victorian Culture 11.2  (2006), 301–15. 
+10 Gillian Beer, Darwin’s Plots. Evolutionary Narrative in Darwin, George Eliot and Nineteenth-
+Century Fiction, 3rd edn (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009), p. 5. 
+
+24 
+ 
+Angelique Richardson, Darwin and Reductionisms: Victorian, Neo-Darwinian and 
+Postgenomic Biologies 
+19: Interdisciplinary Studies in the Long Nineteenth Century, 11 (2010) www.19.bbk.ac.uk 
+                                                                                                                                    
+11  Beer, Darwin’s Plots. p. 46, emphasis in original.  
+12 ‘Mr Darwin’s Hypothesis’, Part I, Fortnightly Review, 9 (1868), 353-373, in Versatile Victorian, 
+Selected Critical Writings of George Henry Lewes, ed. by Rosemary Ashton (London: Bristol 
+Classical Press, 1992), pp. 299-316 (pp. 310-11). 
+13 On new configurations of nature and nurture see for example Massimo Pigliucci, Phenotypic 
+Plasticity: Beyond Nature and Nurture (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001), and  
+Reconciling Nature and Nurture in the Study of Behavior and Cognition Research, special issue, ed. 
+by K. Stotz and C. Allen, Philosophical Psychology, 21:2 (2008). 
+14 William Hayes, The Genetics of Bacteria and their Viruses: Studies in Basic Genetics and 
+Molecular Biology, 2nd edn (Oxford: Blackwell, 1969), p. 5, emphasis in original. 
+15 See Dorothy Porter, ‘Darwin in the Clinic’, Wellcome-Trust Darwin, Medicine and the Humanities 
+Symposium, University of Exeter, 2009, forthcoming in ‘Essentialism in Science and Culture’, 
+Critical Quarterly special issue (2011) 54.3, ed. by A. Richardson; M.D. Mesarovic, S.N. Sreenath 
+and J.D. Keene ‘Search for Organising Principles: Understanding in Systems Biology’, IEE Systems 
+Biology 1 (2004), pp. 19-21.  
+16 On the development of biology beyond Darwin’s ideas see Dupré, ‘Postgenomic Darwinism’. 
+Darwin’s tree of life itself is arguably a reductionist model of life; Dupré discusses its obsolescence 
+here. 
+17 Shapin, ‘The Darwin Show’, London Review of Books (7 January 2010), 3-9. 
+18 Charles Darwin, Origin of Species (London: Murray, 1859), p. 489.  
+19 Charles Darwin, The Formation of Vegetable Mould, Through the Action of Worms, with 
+Observations on their Habits (London: Murray. 1881), p. 26.  
+20 Charles Darwin, The Effects of Cross and Self Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom (London: 
+Murray, 1876), p. 18.  
+21 Darwin, Formation of Vegetable Mould, p. 313. 
+22 See Darwin to Charles Lyell (10 December 1859), Darwin Correspondence Project, 
+http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/entry-2575 (accessed 17 July 2010). 
+23 Adam Sedgwick to C.R. Darwin (24 Nov 1859), Darwin Correspondence Project, 
+http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/entry-2548 (accessed 17 July 2010). 
+24 
+Charles 
+Kingsley 
+to 
+Darwin 
+(18 
+Nov 
+1859), 
+Darwin 
+Correspondence 
+Project, 
+http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/entry-2534 (accessed 17 July 2010). 
+25 Gordon S. Haight, The George Eliot Letters (Oxford and New Haven: Oxford University Press and 
+Yale University Press: 1954- 78) 9 vols, III, p. 227, emphasis in original. 
+26 G.H. Lewes, ‘On the Dread and Dislike of Science’, Popular Science Monthly 13 (1878), 410-420 
+(p. 413). 
+27 Darwin, The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex (London: John Murray, 1871), 2 
+vols, I, pp. 168-9. On Darwin’s physiological approach to feeling in The Expression of the Emotions 
+in Man and Animals, and the reductive implications of this, see Paul White ‘Darwin Wept: Science 
+
+25 
+ 
+Angelique Richardson, Darwin and Reductionisms: Victorian, Neo-Darwinian and 
+Postgenomic Biologies 
+19: Interdisciplinary Studies in the Long Nineteenth Century, 11 (2010) www.19.bbk.ac.uk 
+                                                                                                                                    
+and the Sentimental Subject’ (Journal of Victorian Culture, forthcoming). 
+28 Karl Pearson, The Life, Letters, and Labours of Francis Galton, 4 vols (Cambridge: Cambridge 
+University Press, 1914–30), II, p. 86. 
+29 William Bateson, ‘The Progress of Genetic Research’, in Report of the Third International 
+Conference 1906 on Genetics, ed. by W. Wilks (London, Royal Horticultural Society, 1907), p. 91. 
+30 Bateson, Materials for the Study of Variation, Treated With Especial Regard to Discontinuity in the 
+Origin of Species (London: Macmillan, 1894), p. 11, cited in Donald MacKenzie, Statistics in Britain 
+1865–1930: The Social Construction of Scientific Knowledge (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University 
+Press, 1981), p. 145. 
+31 For Bateson’s debate with the biometricians, see Barry Barnes and Donald Mackenzie, ‘Scientific 
+Judgement: the Biometry–Mendelism Controversy’, in Natural Order: Historical Studies of Scientific 
+Culture, ed. by Barry Barnes and Donald Mackenzie (1979), pp. 191–210. See also Robert Olby, 
+‘The Dimensions of Scientific Controversy: The Biometric–Mendelian Debate’, British Journal for 
+the History of Science, 22 (1989), 299–320. 
+32 MacKenzie, Statistics in Britain 1865–1930, p. 147. 
+33 Frank Turner, Contesting Cultural Authority: Essays in Victorian Intellectual Life (Cambridge: 
+Cambridge University Press, 1993), p. 182.  
+34 See M. Norton-Wise, The Values of Precision (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997); 
+Theodore M. Porter, Trust in Numbers: The Pursuit of Objectivity in Science and Public Life 
+(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996); Lorraine Daston and Peter Galison, Objectivity 
+(Cambridge, MA: Zone, 2007).  See also Soraya de Chadarevian, ‘Laboratory Science versus 
+Country-House Experiments. The Controversy between Julius Sachs and Charles Darwin’, British 
+Journal for the History of Science 29 (1996), 17-41. 
+35 Essays upon Heredity and Kindred Biological Problems, ed. by E.B. Poulton, S. Schönland and 
+A.E. Shipley, 2 vols (Oxford, 1889-1892) I, p. 71. 
+36 Lewes, ‘Mr Darwin’s Hypothesis’, p. 299. 
+37 George Eliot, The Mill on the Floss, ed. by Gordon S. Haight (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 
+2008), p. 20. 
+38 G.H. Lewes, Comte’s Philosophy of the Sciences: Being an Exposition of the Principles of the 
+Cours de Philosophie Positive of Auguste Comte (London: Bell, 1887), p. 1; p.167, emphasis in 
+original. 
+39 George Eliot, ‘The Natural History of German Life’, Westminster Review (1856), 51-79, reprinted 
+in Selected Essays, Poems and Other Writings, ed. by A.S. Byatt and Nicholas Warren (London: 
+Penguin, 1990), pp. 107-139 (p. 127). 
+40 George Eliot, Middlemarch, ed. by David Carroll (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008), p. 139; 
+p. 138. 
+41 See Paul White, ‘Acquired Character: The Hereditary Material of the Self-Made Man’ in Heredity 
+Produced: At the Crossroads of Biology, Politics, and Culture, 1500-1870, ed. by Staffan Müller-
+
+26 
+ 
+Angelique Richardson, Darwin and Reductionisms: Victorian, Neo-Darwinian and 
+Postgenomic Biologies 
+19: Interdisciplinary Studies in the Long Nineteenth Century, 11 (2010) www.19.bbk.ac.uk 
+                                                                                                                                    
+Wille and Hans-Jörg Rheinberger (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2007), pp. 375-397. 
+42 Alexander Bain, The Senses and the Intellect (London: Parker, 1855) and Emotions and the Will 
+(London: Parker, 1859). 
+43 Smiles, 'The Education of the Working Classes', address to the Leeds Mutual Improvement 
+Society, 1845, quoted in Alexander Tyrrell, 'Class Consciousness in Early Victorian Britain: Samuel 
+Smiles, Leeds Politics, and the Self-Help Creed', The Journal of British Studies, 9 (1970), 102-125 
+(p. 116). 
+44 Smiles, Self-Help; with  Illustrations of Character, Conduct, and Perseverance,  ed. by Peter 
+Sinnema (1866; Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008), p. 319. 
+45 Analogy of Religion, Natural and Revealed (London: Knapton, 1736), in Samuel Smiles, Self-Help, 
+p. 319. 
+46 J.S. Mill, Autobiography of John Stuart Mill (New York: Columbia University Press, 1960), p. 
+184. 
+47 See Sally Shuttleworth, George Eliot and Nineteenth-Century Science: The Make-Believe of a 
+Beginning (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984), p. 26. 
+48  ‘On the Dread and Dislike of Science’, Popular Science Monthly 13, 410-420 (p. 413). 
+49 Cited in S. Rose, Lifelines: Biology: Freedom, Determinism, p. 73. 
+50 See John Dupré ‘Are there “Genes for” traits?’, BioNews 548 (8 March 2010), 
+http://www.bionews.org.uk/page_54781.asp  (accessed 17 July 2010). 
+51 Darwin, The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication 2 vols (London: Murray, 1875), 
+II, p. 281. 
+52 The Variation, 2 vols (London: Murray, 1868) , II, p. 290. 
+53 Spencer, Principles of Psychology (London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans, 1855), p. 
+391.  See Trevor Pearce, ‘From “Circumstances” to “Environment” – Herbert Spencer and the 
+Origins of the Idea of Organism-Environment Interaction’, Studies in History and Philosophy of 
+Biological and Biomedical Sciences, 41 (2010). Pearce notes that the term was coined in 1827 by 
+Thomas Carlyle who translated the German Umgebung, usually translated as ‘surroundings’, as ‘an 
+environment of circumstances’ in ‘Goethe’s Helena’, Foreign Review I.2 (1828), 429-68. 
+54 John Lankester, Degeneration: A Chapter in Darwinism (London: Macmillan, 1880),  pp. 32-3. 
+55 ‘Mr Darwin’s Hypothesis’, p. 301. 
+56 Weismann, Preface, ‘On Heredity’, p. 69. 
+57 ‘Essays upon Heredity’ (review of Weismann’s Essays), Academy, 37 (1890), 83-4 (p. 84). 
+58 The Life and Work of Thomas Hardy 2 vols, ed. by Michael Millgate (London: Macmillan, 1984), 
+I, p. 240. 
+59 Alfred Wallace, Darwinism: An Exposition of the Theory of Natural Selection, with Some of its 
+Applications (London: Macmillan, 1889). 
+60 Arnold White, Efficiency and Empire (Brighton: Harvester, 1973), pp. 95, 97, 96, 111, 100.  
+61 Hardy, The Life and Work, I, p. 227 (5 April 1889). 
+
+27 
+ 
+Angelique Richardson, Darwin and Reductionisms: Victorian, Neo-Darwinian and 
+Postgenomic Biologies 
+19: Interdisciplinary Studies in the Long Nineteenth Century, 11 (2010) www.19.bbk.ac.uk 
+                                                                                                                                    
+62 George Gissing, The Nether World, ed. by Stephen Gill (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), 
+p. 79. 
+63 See Phillip Mallett, ‘The Novel amid the New Sciences’, in The Cambridge History of the English 
+Novel, ed. by Robert Caserio and Clement Hawes (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 
+forthcoming, 2011).   
+64 H. G. Wells, Anticipations of the Reactions of Mechanical and Scientific Progress Upon Human 
+Life and Thought (New York: Dover, 1999), p. 107. 
+65 The Biological Problem of Today: Preformation or Epigenesis? The basis of a Theory of Organic 
+Development (London: Heinemann, 1896), p. 140. 
+66 See Daniel Kevles, In the Name of Eugenics: Genetics and the Uses of Human Heredity 
+(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995), p. 284 for discussion of Wilson. 
+67 On environmental factors in genomics see Barbara McClintock, ‘The Significance of Responses of 
+the Genome to Challenge’ Science 226  (1984), 792-801. 
+68 See Lewontin, Education and Class: The Irrelevance of IQ Genetic Studies (Oxford: Oxford 
+University Press, 1987); Richard Lewontin and Richard Levins, Biology Under the Influence: 
+Dialectical Essays on Ecology, Agriculture, and Health (New York: Monthly Review Press, 2007). 
+69 Hardy, Life and Work, II p. 377, emphasis in original. For Hardy on the Origin see Hardy, Life and 
+Work, I p. 158. In the ‘Write a Letter to Darwin’ project at Exeter (2009), in collaboration with the 
+Cambridge Darwin Correspondence Project, school children responded on a number of subjects 
+including the interdependencies of the natural world and contemporary environmental issues. 
+70 See Marc Bekoff, ‘The Emotional and Moral Lives of Animals’, in Darwin and the Emotions: 
+Mind, Medicine and the Arts, ed. by A. Richardson (California: University of California Press, 
+forthcoming 2012); Marc Bekoff and Jessica Pierce, Wild Justice: The Moral Lives of Animals 
+(Chicago: University of Chicago, 2009); Frans de Waal, Primates and Philosophers: How Morality 
+Evolved (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2006). 
+71 Burchard is at the University of California San Francisco and Rick Kittles is at the University of 
+Chicago; I am grateful to Dorothy Porter for drawing their work to my attention. 
+72 Barnes and Dupré, Genomes and What to Make of Them (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 
+2008), p. 252. 
+73  Popper, First Medawar Lecture, Royal Society (1986), cited in Rose, p. 75.   
+74 See Richard C. Lewontin, ‘Organism & Environment’, in Learning, Development, and Culture: 
+Essays in Evolutionary Epistemology, ed by H. Plotkin (New York: Wiley, 1982), pp. 151-170; 
+Lewontin, ‘Gene, Organism and Environment’, in Evolution: From Molecules to Men, ed. by D.S. 
+Bendall (Cambridge: Cambridge University, 1983), pp. 273-285; Lewontin ‘Gene, Organism and 
+Environment: A New Introduction’, in Cycles of Contingency: Developmental Systems and 
+Evolution, ed. by S. Oyama, P. E. Griffiths and R. D. Gray (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001), pp. 
+55-58. In ‘The Developmental Systems Perspective: Organism environment systems as units of 
+development and evolution’, in Phenotypic Integration: Studying the Ecology and Evolution of 
+
+28 
+ 
+Angelique Richardson, Darwin and Reductionisms: Victorian, Neo-Darwinian and 
+Postgenomic Biologies 
+19: Interdisciplinary Studies in the Long Nineteenth Century, 11 (2010) www.19.bbk.ac.uk 
+                                                                                                                                    
+Complex Phenotypes, ed. by Massimo Pigliucci and Katherine Preston (Oxford: Oxford University 
+Press, 2004), Paul E. Griffiths and Russell D. Gray contrast a static model of environment and 
+organism proposed by neo-Darwinism with the more reciprocal relations Lewontin and Odling-Smee 
+posit. In ‘Niche-constructing phenotypes’ in The Role of Behavior in Evolution, ed. by H. C. Plotkin 
+(Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1988), pp. 73-132, F. J. Odling-Smee argues that the organism-
+environment relation is an open system. In ‘The Coevolution of Organism and Environment’, in 
+Concepts and Methods in Evolutionary Biology, ed. by R. Brandon (Cambridge: Cambridge 
+University Press, 1996), pp. 161-178, Richard Brandon and Janis Antonovics argue for three senses 
+of environment - the ‘external environment’ which all organisms in a certain space and time share, 
+the ‘ecological environment’ which consists of environmental parameters which influence the 
+reproductive output of members of the group, and the ‘selective environment’, which contains 
+adaptive evolutionary pressures and differentially affects variant forms of an evolving lineage.  
+75 See for example D.C. Dolinoy and R.L. Jirtle, ‘Environmental Epigenomics in Human Health and 
+Disease’, Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis, 49 (2008), 4-8.  
+76  Nikolas Rose, The Politics of Life Itself: Biomedicine, Power, and Subjectivity in the Twenty-First 
+Century (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2006), pp. 82, 249. 
+77 Porter, ‘Darwin in the Clinic’, 2011.  
+78 See Brian Beaton, ‘Racial Science Now: Histories of Race and Science in the Age of Personalized 
+Medicine’, The Public Historian 29 (2007), 157-162, cited in Porter, 2011. 
+79 Burchard, Science Café Interview 2007, cited in Porter, 2011.  
+80 George Louis Leclerc Buffon, Natural History, General and Particular, 3rd edn trans. by William 
+Smellie (London, 1791), VIII, pp. 34-35. See Nicholas Hudson, ‘From “Nation” to “Race”: The 
+Origin of Racial Classification in Eighteenth-Century Thought’, Eighteenth-Century Studies 29.3 
+(1996), 247-264. A more biologistic account of race would develop through Johann Friedrich 
+Blumenbach’s craniology. 
+81 On Eliot and race see Brenda McKay, George Eliot and Victorian Attitudes to Racial Diversity, 
+Colonialism, Darwinism, Class, Gender, and Jewish Culture and Prophecy (Lampeter: Edwin Mellen 
+Press, 2003). 
+82 Hardy, The Life and Works, II, p. 405, emphasis in original. 
+83 The Woodlanders, ed. by Patricia Ingham (London: Penguin, 2003), p. 126. 
+84 Winter Words in Various Moods and Metres (London: Macmillan, 1928). 
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+Postdramatic Theatre and Postdramatic Performance
+
+Abstract: Beginning with the concept of a postdramatic theatre as articulated by the German theorist Hans-Thies Lehmann, this essay considers the recent work of several major international directors - Ivo van Hove, Punchdrunk, Signa and others - as examples of postdramatic performance. It argues that what they have in common is a challenge to the traditional concept of mimesis and of the theatre world as a fictional construct distinctly separated from everyday life and its surroundings.
+
+Marvin Carlson - Postdramatic Theatre and Postdramatic Performance
+Rev. Bras. Estud. Presença, Porto Alegre, v. 5, n. 3, p. 577-595, Sept./Dec. 2015.
+Available at: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2237-266053731>
+577
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+ Postdramatic Theatre and 
+Postdramatic Performance
+Marvin Carlson
+The City University of New York – New York, United States of America
+ABSTRACT – Postdramatic Theatre and Postdramatic Performance – Beginning with 
+the concept of a postdramatic theatre as articulated by the German theorist Hans-Thies 
+Lehmann, this essay considers the recent work of several major international directors – Ivo 
+van Hove, Punchdrunk, Signa and others – as examples of postdramatic performance. It 
+argues that what they have in common is a challenge to the traditional concept of mimesis 
+and of the theatre world as a fictional construct distinctly separated from everyday life 
+and its surroundings.  
+Keywords: Theatre. Performance. Postdramatic. Hans-Thies Lehmann. Arts.
+RÉSUMÉ – Théâtre Postdramatique et performance Postdramatique – Cet essai parle 
+du concept de théâtre postdramatique, tel qu'il a été formulé par le théoricien allemand 
+Hans-Thies Lehmann. Les exemples de performances postdramatiques étudiées ici sont 
+des œuvres récentes d'importants metteurs en scène de divers pays - dont, notamment, 
+Ivo van Hove, Punchdrunk et Signa. Il est avancé que le point commun à ces œuvres 
+est de défier le concept traditionnel de la mimésis et de l'univers théâtral en tant que 
+construction fictive clairement isolée de la vie quotidienne et de ses circonstances.
+Mots-clés: Théâtre. Performance. Postdramatique. Hans-Thies Lehmann. Arts.
+RESUMO – Teatro Pós-dramático e Performance Pós-dramática – Este ensaio inicia 
+com o conceito de teatro pós-dramático conforme formulado pelo teórico alemão Hans-
+Thies Lehmann e nele se consideram as obras recentes de vários diretores internacionais 
+relevantes – Ivo van Hove, Punchdrunk, Signa, entre outros – como exemplos de 
+performance pós-dramática. Argumenta-se que o ponto comum a essas obras desafia o 
+conceito tradicional de mimese e do universo teatral como construto fictício claramente 
+isolado da vida cotidiana e de suas circunstâncias.
+Palavras-chave: Teatro. Performance. Pós-dramático. Hans-Thies Lehmann. Artes.
+
+Marvin Carlson - Postdramatic Theatre and Postdramatic Performance
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+Probably no critical term since theatre of the absurd has proven as 
+attractive to theatre theorists as postdramatic theatre, introduced into 
+the critical vocabulary by Hans-Thies Lehmann in 1999 (Lehmann, 
+1999). As with almost any critical term, especially in recent times, 
+a major price paid for popularity has been wide application of the 
+term, to the point that anything like a coherent and consistent 
+definition of the term has become quite impossible. Nor, though 
+one can certainly pin down the historical use of the term, there is no 
+theatrical phenomenon to which it refers that cannot be traced back 
+in theatre practice to times long before the term began to be applied.
+No more popular prefix has emerged in the critical discourse of 
+the last fifty years than post. Aside from stressing the contemporary 
+quality of the phenomenon in question, all the post terms have in 
+common a sense of rejecting certain key elements of an established 
+tradition. There is often the added suggestion that the tradition being 
+moved beyond had a fairly settled and monolithic character, which 
+an important part of the post movement seeks to destabilize. The de 
+in deconstruction serves a similar function. Probably the most useful 
+place to begin is to consider just what is implied by the term drama 
+that the postdramatic is moving beyond. Ever since the establishment 
+of theatre studies as an academic discipline at the beginning of the 
+twentieth century, English theatre scholars have generally made a 
+clear distinction between theatre and drama, drama referring to 
+the literary text and its history, and theatre to the realization of that 
+text on the stage. Already at that period, more than a century ago, 
+a few theorists, most notably Edward Gordon Craig (Craig, 1911), 
+attempted to create the sort of clear separation between the two that 
+is central to the concept of the postdramatic. However, the idea of 
+theatre as primarily a visual realization of a pre-existing written text 
+remained dominant through most of the twentieth century and is still 
+dominant in many theatre cultures, most notably that of the United 
+States, which, unlike France and German has seen little or nothing 
+that might be called post-modernism in any of its major theatres. 
+Even the semiotic theorists of the 1970s and 1980s, although they 
+made a clear distinction between the literary text and the performance 
+text, almost universally assumed that the latter was derived from the 
+former, in linguistic terms translating that text into another linguistic 
+code or codes, those of theatrical presentation.
+
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+The emancipation of the performance from the literary text 
+is arguably the most central concern of the postdramatic, but 
+that emancipation involves other breaks as well.  On the literary 
+side, the traditional dramatic text as we have been told ever since 
+Aristotle (1968) is a unified narrative with a beginning, middle and 
+end. Logical cause and effect relationships are stressed within an 
+over-arching teleology. Thus is created the plot of the play, which 
+Aristotle called its action (Aristotle, 1968). Unless the centrality of 
+this structure is recognized, one may be puzzled by the fact that 
+playwrights can and do create what are called postdramatic texts 
+without ever getting into the question of performance. On the 
+performance side, the term postdramatic has been applied equally 
+often to performances that, as Craig advocated, are created without 
+any pre-existing text and to performances, especially in the modern 
+German theatre, whose verbal component comes directly from 
+Shakespeare, Schiller, or Ibsen.
+It is not at all coincidental that the term and indeed the 
+concept of the postdramatic should have originated in Germany, 
+since Germany has provided and still provides the most varied and 
+highly developed examples of this multifaceted phenomenon. It is 
+also an important, though less central a part of the contemporary 
+theatre scene in those countries surrounding Germany – France, 
+Italy, Poland, the Netherlands, and Scandinavia. In the Anglo-
+Saxon theatres of England and America, it is scarcely known in the 
+mainstream theatre, although both countries have produced in their 
+experimental theatres, well outside the main theatrical culture, such 
+important contributors to the postdramatic as the Wooster Group, 
+Richard Foreman, the Theatre de Complicite, and the recent devised 
+theatre movement in Britain (Lehmann, 1999). The few British 
+or American directors that are generally regarded as working in a 
+postdramatic mode and presented in major theatres, such as Robert 
+Wilson and Katie Mitchell (Roesner, 2014), have, not surprisingly, 
+created most of their recent work not in their native countries, but 
+in Germany, which has both the resources and the interest among 
+the theatre-going public to support such unconventional work.
+The contemporary German theatre, being both the birthplace 
+and the place of fullest development of the postdramatic, seems to me 
+the best place to consider the current and sometimes contradictory 
+
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+implications in the theatre of this concept, and to attempt to separate 
+some of the interwoven strands, here and elsewhere, that seem 
+involved in its application. Perhaps the most obvious place to start 
+is with a central and much debated term in the modern German 
+stage, the Regietheater, literally director’s theatre. The term was used 
+throughout the twentieth century, and the first director to whose 
+work it is generally applied was Max Reinhardt at the beginning 
+of the century. However, it took on particularly prominence from 
+the late 1960s onward, when a new generation of directors, headed 
+by Peter Stein, Peter Zadek, and Claus Peymann, broke with the 
+respectful and conventional productions of classic works favored 
+by the post-War Adenauer-era directors in favor of more engaged 
+and political work (Carlson, 2009). The next generation, most 
+prominently Frank Castorf at the Volksbuhne, presented far more 
+radical re-interpretations and made the term Regietheater a much 
+more controversial one, as it remains today (Carlson, 2009). The 
+term deconstruction, which was enjoying wide critical popularity in 
+the early 1990s, when Castorf came to prominence, was often applied 
+to his work and that of similar directors (Kennedy, 1993), a term 
+which, like postdramatic today, meant many different things, from 
+a kind of exposure and critique of the hidden political and structural 
+assumptions of the work (often utilizing devices associated with 
+Brecht) to (in the eyes of its critics) a willful and rather immature 
+debasing and ridiculing of the artistic tradition.
+Like Heiner Müller, often considered a leader of postdramatic 
+playwrights, Castorf was an East German artist who was embraced 
+by the West German avant-garde, but who viewed both the East, as 
+it developed under the Soviets, and the West, under capitalism, as 
+failed systems, neither fulfilling the promise that a socialist system 
+should have offered. Politically, then, post-modernism in Germany 
+has a distinct connection with an idealized East, but this tended to 
+be manifested not in the positive program of something like agit-prop 
+but in variations of commentary on the collapse of the presumed 
+rational systems of both East and West, the former sinking into 
+hopeless depression and the latter devoted to soulless materialism. 
+Attacking and exposing the easy traditional assumptions and 
+strategies of the classic texts, deeply associated with this rationalist 
+program, had thus a profoundly political side. Audience members 
+
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+who resisted this grim view of the contemporary world, or who were 
+shocked by this irreverence for Schiller or Shakespeare, condemned 
+as simple barbarism or adolescent joking the mixing by Castorf, his 
+protégée Andreas Kriegenberg and others into these works of songs 
+from the Beatles, slapstick, violent physical action, pop cultures, 
+breaking of the illusion and even seemingly spontaneous hysterical 
+outbursts from the actors. Mostly due to the influence of Castorf, 
+it is this sort of theatre, the more extreme form of Regietheater, 
+that characterizes what most German audiences today would call 
+postdramatic. It normally involves mixing classic texts with all sorts 
+of other material – literary, documentary, and commercial, but mostly 
+contemporary – and has an almost total disregard for traditional 
+dramatic unity or consistency of style, either textual or performative.
+Central to this concept is the conflation of postdramatic with 
+the concept of theatrical deconstruction of classic texts, but this 
+ignores a major part of the postdramatic, which, following the 
+advice of Craig, removes itself from the traditional dramatic text 
+altogether. This does not mean that they do not have a text, but it 
+may well be only what the semioticians often called a performative 
+text, one that is created in the performance. An important part of 
+the experimental theatre of the 1960s and 1970s was postdramatic 
+thirty years before that term was coined, participating in a widespread 
+rejection of traditional dramatic texts and of conventional literary and 
+narrative structures in favor of the visual and the performative. In 
+very general terms, one may divide the postdramatic experimentation 
+of that period into two types, both still very much a part of the scene 
+today and in many cases still being explored by the same artists and 
+the same groups. First, there were the single individual artists, the 
+master theatre directors as envisioned by Craig, unencumbered, as 
+the Regietheater tradition has predominantly been, by pre-existing 
+scripts but creators of their own total theatre world. The best known 
+example of this is surely Robert Wilson, whose 1970 Einstein on 
+the Beach remains a major example of postdramatic theatre almost 
+thirty years before that term was conceived. Another major example 
+would be Richard Foreman, whose first work, Angelface, appeared 
+at almost the same time as Wilson’s, in 1968. Both artists are still 
+very much involved in the contemporary avant-garde, both having 
+opened new productions within the past two months, Wilson in 
+Berlin and Foreman in New York.
+
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+Rather more common in the 1960s and 1970s than today, 
+however, was a kind of postdramatic theatre much more philosophically 
+compatible with the concept of the postdramatic itself, and that is 
+what in the early period was often called the collective creation and 
+what since the early 1990s has been more commonly called devised 
+theatre. Although the two terms have different connotations, they 
+share a fundamental basic strategy, that the performance is developed 
+not out of the artistic vision of a single master artist but out of the 
+collective work of a group, composed in some cases only of actors 
+and in others of actors and writers. Today these groups are often 
+more varied still, combining actors and dancers or actors and various 
+design people, including traditional stage designers, film and video 
+creators, and computer designers. This sort of work was pioneered 
+by the Living Theatre, whose influence in both America and Europe 
+during the 1960s was enormous. The 1967 Performance Group in 
+New York, which evolved in the Wooster Group in 1980, was the 
+most important American example, while the People Show (1966) 
+and Welfare State (1968) were major examples in England. Among 
+the most important companies in France and Germany at this period 
+were those of Ariane Mnouchkine and Peter Stein, both of which 
+were established as collectives, although in time changed to director’s 
+theatres and away from collectively created works like Mnouchkine’s 
+1789 or Stein’s The Antiquity Project, both presented in 1974.
+Both director-dominated and group-based collaborative theatre 
+that might be characterized as postdramatic have, from the 1960s 
+onward, been extremely interested in one particular approach to 
+production that seems in direct opposition to a central tenant of 
+the postdramatic, that is, the focus on the performing, but non-
+mimetic body. The deconstructive approaches of a number of modern 
+theorists have encouraged the utilization of other media as a strategy 
+of subverting classic texts. This is of course hardly a new idea. One 
+thinks immediately of the utilization of film and projection by 
+directors like Piscator and Brecht to accomplish a related goal, there 
+subverting political rather than narrative or aesthetic preconceptions. 
+The constantly improving visual technology of the later twentieth 
+century contributed profoundly, again especially in Germany, 
+to providing inspiration for breaking up traditional theatrical 
+performance and its means of mimesis by the introduction of alternate 
+
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+visual dimensions, both temporally and spatially. Although film 
+clips continued to be widely used in the work of many experimental 
+directors of the late twentieth century, a major new dimension was 
+added to the visual field by the introduction of live video. Castorf 
+was one of the first to employ this technique, first to show audiences 
+live offstage action, and later, as technology improved, to project 
+this action on large screens above the stage and to show the creation 
+of those images by bringing mobile and hand-held video cameras 
+onstage so that the audience could simultaneously see both the image 
+and the process of capturing that image. Although this sort of mixing 
+of live action and its simultaneous video reproduction was especially 
+associated with the Berlin Volksbühne, and with its directors Castorf 
+and René Pollesch in the early to mid 1990s (Carlson, 2009), it has 
+now become one of the most familiar forms of postdramatic theatre.
+One of the dangers attending upon any critical term is its 
+appropriation by scholars, artists, and increasingly today by various 
+commercial interests among them publishers, producers, and 
+publicists, with the result that the more popular the term becomes 
+the more difficult it becomes to find any pattern among its various 
+usages. This was certainly true of the so-called theatre of the absurd, 
+was true of the briefly fashionable (at least on the continent) of the 
+concept of theatre of deconstruction, and is clearly already true of 
+the postdramatic theatre. Clearly, Lehmann saw as a central feature 
+of the postdramatic its total rejection of the mimetic in search of 
+the solely performative, but when we turn to Castorf and Pollesch’s 
+multi-media productions of the 1990s, or for that matter to the 
+more recent work of Ivo van Hove and Katie Mitchell (Trencsényi, 
+2015; Woycicki, 2014), both of which are among those current 
+theatre artists considered postdramatic, we find that even in such 
+key examples, the center does not hold.
+Let us take as examples recent work of these two leading 
+European directors by way of illustration. Both began their careers 
+in the early 1990s, and although Van Hove, typically of continental 
+directors, was much less conventional in his early productions than 
+Mitchell, who was noted for carefully polished productions and 
+Stanislavskian psychological work, neither could be counted at that 
+time among the postdramatic directors. Both turned in that direction 
+around 2007, most notably by the extensive use of live video, very 
+
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+much in the manner of Castorf a decade before, to provide audiences 
+with multiple perspectives on the action. In neither case did this 
+involve a break with the traditional dramatic text: Van Hove’s first 
+major work in this direction and still his most famous, was the 2007 
+Roman Tragedies, combining Julius Caesar, Antony and Cleopatra, and 
+Coriolanus, in a marathon production that remained as faithful to 
+the original as most conventional presentations in terms of the text 
+and the mimetic performance of it. The production has since toured 
+internationally, and was just given its first American production 
+last year at New York’s Brooklyn Academy of Music, where it was 
+heralded as an outstanding example of a recent sub-division of the 
+postdramatic, immersive theatre, about which I will say more later.
+Mitchell’s first major foray into mixed media production also 
+came in 2007, with her staging of Virginia Woolf’s The Waves, which 
+is still regarded as one of the most innovative productions of the recent 
+British stage. Since then Mitchell has worked almost exclusively in 
+the style which she established in this production, most recently in 
+Night Train, based on a German poetic novella and premiered in 
+October of 2012 at the Cologne Schauspielhaus, and selected as one 
+of the outstanding German productions of that year for the annual 
+Theatertreffen in Berlin. These recent works by Mitchell have been 
+almost literally deconstructions, but not of the dramatic or literary 
+texts she is staging, to which she has been remarkably faithful, but 
+of the process of representation itself. Her technique, whatever the 
+play, remains much the same. The audience sees above the stage a 
+continuous live video, which might be taken for a rather conventional 
+filming of the text in question. Let us say the scene shows the 
+heroine preparing for sleep in her railway coach bed, with a darkened 
+landscape passing by her coach window. The film above appears as 
+seamless realism, while on the stage below we see that the railway 
+coach is in fact a cutaway film set, open toward the audience and the 
+TV cameras, while the passing scenery is actually being projected 
+on a film screen set up behind the window in this fake coach. The 
+entire stage at floor level is made up of small cubicles representing 
+parts of the train and a few other small sets (for non-train flashbacks) 
+which are used in the course of the productions. When actors are 
+not on camera, we see them moving about out of character, resting 
+or preparing to enter the performance area. How this differs from 
+
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+Castorf is that Castorf never attempted to create a realistic through-
+line of performance in his videos (though he did sometimes have 
+extended such sequences), but used them primarily to keep providing 
+the audience with alternative perspectives. Mitchell’s multi-media 
+work then makes a very questionable contribution to conventional 
+ideas of the postdramatic. The dramatic text remains totally intact, 
+and within the video version of that text totally conventional 
+mimetically. At the same time, both text and mimesis are revealed in 
+the simultaneous action below to be totally constructed. The work as 
+a whole is thus not so much postdramatic as post-illusionistic, which 
+in fact seems to me a better term for such work.	
+Van Hove’s technique is very different and less consistent 
+from production to production than Mitchell’s.  In his 2007 The 
+Misanthrope, premiered in New York, Van Hove, like Mitchell, 
+emphasized the constructed nature of the performance being 
+shown, but in a reversed manner. Here the production on stage 
+was mimetically traditional – although created in a modern setting 
+with Moliere’s characters, modern society members, conversing on 
+cellphones – and the video was used to work against this mimetic 
+world by showing us scenes for example in the greenroom, with out-
+of-character actors relaxing or putting on makeup, as they do onstage 
+in Mitchell’s productions. Again, neither text nor mimesis are, as 
+Lehmann claims, abandoned, but the illusion of transparent reality 
+that both assume in conventional theatre is exposed as constructed. 
+One might as easily, and rather more accurately, describe it as 
+Brechtian alienation or Derridian deconstruction, exposing how 
+the illusion is created, rather than calling it postdramatic, but that 
+simply makes clear the vagueness of the term.
+The Roman Tragedies opens up another perspective on 
+contemporary configurations of the postdramatic. Its basic use of 
+video is much closer to that of Mitchell than that of The Misanthrope, 
+in that it presents a consistent and consecutive visual narrative, 
+not unlike the filming of a conventional Shakespearian drama, 
+occasionally even, like Mitchell, showing us how a particular scenic 
+effect is mechanically achieved. A much more important feature of 
+this production however is the way that the audience is involved. If 
+the work can be called postdramatic, as it often is, that is neither 
+because it abandons either mimesis or faithfulness to the literary 
+
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+text, as Lehmann suggests, but because it challenges the audience/
+performance spatial relationship that has long been an accepted part 
+of the dramatic theatre tradition. During the opening scenes of the 
+Roman Tragedies, that relationship is followed, with the audience 
+seated in the auditorium facing the stage, though the stage also has 
+large video screens showing the action. Not long after, the audience 
+is invited, if they wish, to come up on the stage and share the 
+performance space (not literally, however. They cannot in fact move 
+directly into an ongoing scene, but can gather around to watch it 
+from different angles including from the many sofas and chairs on 
+the stage, suggestive of a large hotel lobby). Due to the use of various 
+parts of the large stage and the gathering of spectators in a circle 
+around the performers, those who remain in the auditorium often 
+cannot see what is happening on stage except by means of the video 
+monitors. There are also working bars offstage left and right so that 
+spectators can go there for refreshments, turning their backs to the 
+stage, but again, monitors over the bar allow them to see the same 
+video view of the performance as can audience members.
+In the United States this production was, as far as I know, never 
+referred to by audiences, critics, or scholars as postdramatic. The term 
+almost universally used was immersive, which at the present moment 
+is by far the most popular challenge to traditional theatre practice 
+in New York. Immersive was brought into theatre scholarship at the 
+beginning of this century from the world of computer technology, 
+where it has long described the apparent immersion of a subject in a 
+virtual digital world.
+In the Anglo-Saxon theatre, the term was brought to prominence 
+by the British Company Punchdrunk, formed in 2000 specifically 
+to create a new kind of theatre in which a multiple environment is 
+created within which the audience is free to come and go as they 
+please. It is a more open development of the earlier British form called 
+promenade theatre, which also featured scenes in multiple locations, 
+but in which audience members were conducted from one location 
+to another in a pre-determined fashion.
+Punchdrunk’s eighth production was the 2003 Sleep No More, 
+a multispace environment using motifs, characters, and some textual 
+material from Shakespeare’s Macbeth and Alfred Hitchcock’s film 
+Rebecca. This has become by far its most successful and influential 
+
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+production. It was revived in Boston in 2009 and again in New 
+York in 2011, where it is still running and unquestionably the 
+most popular experimental theatre piece in this city. Indeed, it 
+has become something of a cult production, with many audience 
+members returning dozens of times, despite a ticket price of $95, 
+which is competitive with that of a major Broadway theatre. The 
+term immersive, which Punchdrunk introduced to New York, has 
+been since applied to dozens of experimental productions, indeed to 
+almost any sort of production which does not utilize a conventional 
+stage/audience separation. There is even a web guide to immersive 
+theatre in New York, which early in June listed twenty productions 
+claiming that description. Theatre immersive has also gained some 
+currency in France and theater immersion in Germany, but it has 
+become particularly seen as the foremost challenge to traditional 
+dramatic theatre in London and New York.
+Immersive theatre is widely claimed to have reversed the 
+traditional power relationship between the performer and the public, 
+placing the audience in control of the production. Thus, it fulfills, 
+to the fullest extent, Jacques Rancière’s vision of the Emancipated 
+Spectator, which appeared in 2007 (Rancière, 2007), the perfect 
+moment for it to be utilized as a major theoretical underpinning for 
+productions like Punchdrunk’s Sleep No More. In fact, almost no 
+so-called immersive theatre has operated in that way. Generally, such 
+productions treat the audience in one of three ways. First, and most 
+conservative, are productions that really should be called promenade 
+productions, in which a small audience is taken to a number of rooms, 
+usually in a single building, in a pre-determined order in each of 
+which rooms they share the space with actors performing a play in a 
+conventional texted, mimetic fashion. Second, there are productions 
+like the Roman Tragedies in which a texted, mimetic performance 
+takes place in one or several more or less contiguous locations and 
+the audience is free to move about and observe or not observe the 
+ongoing performance as they wish. Third, there are productions 
+like Sleep No More, which offer no standard texted performance but 
+rather a collection of decorated spaces through which the audience 
+is free to wander as they choose. Some spaces are empty but others 
+contain actors offering fragments of texted material. Such actions 
+normally go on as if the spectators are not there, but occasionally an 
+actor will pull an audience member into a private space and speak 
+
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+to them intimately. Not all audience members have this experience, 
+and those that do can neither initiate the experience nor change it. 
+The actor remains in complete control.
+A major European performance group, Signa, founded by 
+performance artists from Austria and Sweden, has come much closer 
+to truly emancipated performances and indeed truly postdramatic 
+presentation, in productions like their Ruby Town Oracle, presented 
+in Cologne and Berlin in 2007 and 2008. For this, Signa constructed 
+a small village in a presumed border country (the audience needed 
+to present passports to enter), with twenty-two houses inhabited by 
+around forty actors. Although the actors share a common agreed-
+upon collective background, civil and religious, there was no story 
+or text, and audience members were free to roam about and interact 
+freely with the performers, pursuing the story of the village or not as 
+they chose. In Berlin, the village was open continuously for nine days 
+and spectators came and left as they wished, constructing their own 
+experience out of the raw material of the town (Carlson, 2014). The 
+work in Germany was not called theater immersion, a term not much 
+employed in that country, but a performance-installation, positioning 
+it as the theatre equivalent of installation art or environmental art, 
+a form developed in the 1970s which encouraged spectators to 
+experience three-dimensional artworks by moving within them.
+Such installation pieces move closer to the postdramatic both by 
+abandoning the conventional text and by allowing spectators much 
+more control in the shaping and experiencing of the performance, 
+but they are still committed, as has been almost all so-called 
+immersive theatre, to what some have called the principle enemy 
+of the postdramatic, representation itself. From Aristotle onward, 
+mimesis has been seen as the center of the theatrical art, and the 
+removing of the controlling text does not involve a removal of the 
+mimetic as well, as the Ruby Town Oracle demonstrates, so long as 
+the physical surroundings, and even more important, the body of the 
+actor are still interpreted mimetically. In order truly to approach the 
+postdramatic, Lehmann makes clear, the body must be freed from 
+the constraints of the mimetic character, traditionally derived from 
+the dramatic text, and set free to register as purely performative.
+The clearest manifestation of this in the contemporary theatre, I 
+would suggest, can be found in the growing importance, particularly 
+
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+in Germany, but to a lesser extent in America and elsewhere in 
+Europe as well, of the incorporation of material, human and non-
+human, from real life into the performance. Take away mimesis and 
+a narrative text and all that is left to prevent the postdramatic theatre 
+from dissolving into the raw material of everyday life is the fact that 
+it is presented to the audience within a theatrical or performative 
+framework. It is, to use the term Umberto Eco suggested in one of 
+the first modern essays on theatre semiotics, ostended (Eco, 1977). 
+In fact, semiotic theory anticipated most of what is now being 
+presented as postdramatic theory in the often made distinction 
+between the performative and the narrative actions of theatre as 
+Andre Helbo suggested (Helbo, 1987), or between the semiotic and 
+the phenomenological as Bert States would have it (States, 1985), 
+with the latter term in both cases essentially corresponding today 
+to the postdramatic. The essential change that has taken place in 
+the thirty years between these theorists and Lehman is that while 
+the semioticians saw theatre as what States called a binocular art, 
+composed of a blending of the performative and the narrative, 
+Lehmann’s postdramatic theatre seeks to completely abandon the 
+mimetic for the solely performative.
+Lehmann is still sufficiently in the shadow of traditional 
+aesthetics to suggest that when he speaks of this emphasis on 
+performance, on the living, non-mimetic body and its inter-
+relationships with surrounding material, there remains the distinct 
+impression that this body is doing something special, something 
+virtuosic, in which case the postdramatic theatre would in fact be 
+essentially indistinguishable for traditional dance. An important 
+part of formalist criticism would support that position. What Eco 
+(1977)  and others pointed out almost forty years ago, however, was 
+that what makes an action received as theatre by a public is not any 
+feature of the action itself, like virtuosity, but merely the fact that 
+it is framed or ostended as theatre. Eco’s famous example (derived 
+from C. S. Pierce) is that of a drunken man displayed on a platform 
+by the Salvation Army. His display might well be taken as a pure 
+example of postdramatic theatre. The drunken man is what he is, 
+so mimesis is done away with, and there is certainly no narrative or 
+text. Nevertheless, Eco claims the man for semiosis, on the grounds 
+that the Salvation Army’s display of him converted him into a sign 
+
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+of drunkenness, communicating a plea for sobriety. A purer example 
+was provided by perhaps the best theatre phenomenologist of the last 
+century, Bert States, in his classic essay, The Dog on the Stage (States, 
+1983). The stage dog, like Launce in Two Gentlemen of Verona, is 
+stripped even of the semiotic baggage of Eco’s drunken man. Not 
+only is he non mimetic, but he is non semiotic as well, that is, he 
+simply does whatever he does completely free of text, or rather he 
+creates a kind of text by whatever he does. This, I would suggest, is 
+non-dramatic theatre in its purest form. It has become theatre only 
+due to its placement in a theatrical frame.
+Such introductions of the real world in fact go far back in theatre 
+history, but recent years have seen an unprecedented incursion of 
+the real into the theatrical space, and although performance of this 
+kind is not given much attention by Lehmann, I consider it, like 
+Bert States’ dog, the most striking and complete sort of postdramatic 
+performance in the contemporary theatre. In the United States, 
+the major pioneer in the sort of theatre that would now be styled 
+postdramatic was surely the Wooster Group in the 1960s, which 
+challenged traditional mimesis, representation, and textuality in favor 
+of direct physical experience. In its European tours, it did much to 
+encourage work of that kind. Subsequently, the Wooster Group, in 
+a very different way, explored many similar performance concerns. 
+The key presence of Spaulding Grey and his autobiographical 
+performances were highly important in developing a late twentieth 
+century tradition of postdramatic performance in the United States, 
+particularly associated with feminist and gay theatre, in which artists 
+denied traditional representation by talking about their own lives 
+within their own bodies.
+In the twenty-first century, performances utilizing non-mimetic 
+material have become an important part of the avant-garde in many 
+countries, but perhaps particularly in Germany. Perhaps the best 
+known such group is Rimini Protokoll, formed in 1999 and devoted 
+to creating works based on non-dramatic material drawn from the 
+surrounding real world (Malzacher; Dreyesse, 2008). Aside from their 
+unconventional sources, the group is primarily known for placing 
+on stage not actors but people from outside the theatre whom they 
+find through various, often quite elaborate casting procedures. The 
+presentation of such figures has varied enormously in the course of 
+
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+their work, but it is invariably non-mimetic and almost always draws 
+in significant measure upon the actual life stories and experiences 
+of the performers rather than upon any external pre-existing text. 
+Performance here almost never implies virtuosic skill, as is usually 
+suggested when Lehmann is talking of the physical side of the 
+postdramatic, but on the contrary, the simple presentation of a living 
+body. The real enemy of the postdramatic is the mimetic.
+Perhaps the most striking, and to some audience members, 
+the most disturbing of contemporary self-performance takes the 
+postdramatic in a direction totally unanticipated by Lehmann. 
+This is the work of performers who have some mental or physical 
+abnormality. Disability theatre emerged in the United States in 
+the late 1970s, with both stage and dance companies dedicated to 
+seeking ways to incorporate disabled performers into their work. 
+With the rise of autobiographical performance later in the century, 
+an important part of such work became the presentation of the 
+disability itself rather than its incorporation into another work. A key 
+current example of such work is the 2012 piece Disabled Theatre by 
+the French choreographer Jerôme Bel. Bel became during the 1990s 
+one of the leaders of the non-dance movement in France, which in 
+many respects is the dance equivalent of the postdramatic in theatre, 
+based on the denial of mimesis, a pre-existing text, or traditional 
+dance vocabulary. Since 1999, Bel has primarily created work with 
+disabled performers. His explanation, given in a 2012 interview with 
+Gudrun Pawelke, is fundamentally postdramatic. Disabled actors, 
+he said, “[…] don’t try to be anything, they are” (Bel, 2012 apud 
+Pawelke, 2012, n.p.). Thus, they are ideally suited for stated goal 
+in all his works, which is to go beyond representation. His 2012 
+Disabled Theatre, created with eleven actors from a Zurich company, 
+all of whom suffer from Down’s syndrome, is composed largely of 
+these actors introducing themselves individually to the audience and 
+discussing their life and disability.
+As I have noted already, Rimini Protokoll has frequently employed 
+non-actors of a wide variety of types in a range of productions that, 
+like those of Bel, seek to go beyond representations. Similar work is 
+carried on in Europe and America today by some of the best-known 
+currently experimental groups, such as Gob Squad, She She Pop, and 
+the Nature Theatre of Oklahoma (Bogusz, 2007; Read, 1993), all 
+
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+three of which have appeared at the annual Berlin Theatertreffen, 
+Germany remaining the center of such experimentation. Rimini 
+Protokoll’s post recent production, Remote Berlin, premiered in the 
+spring of 2013, carries on a particular kind of postdramatic theatre 
+which this group has utilized in various forms before and which 
+suggests how even the performing body can be eliminated from 
+postdramatic theatre. In several productions, as in Remote Berlin, 
+audience members are provided with earphones and sent to wander 
+about the streets of the city, alone or in groups, guided by remote 
+instructions.
+Clearly almost all of the people and objects they pass are not 
+planned as part of the production (although there is always the 
+possibility that some may be), but nevertheless they are framed or 
+theatricalized by the performance situation. In one of the most 
+memorable moments of Remote Berlin, the audience (about twenty-
+five in number) are gathered at the end of a passageway on the S-Bahn 
+and encouraged to watch passersby in this and connecting corridors 
+as if they were actors in a performance. Some of these actors ignored 
+their audience, while a few waved or even took photos of the crowd 
+of unmoving spectators wearing earpieces on their cell phones. I was 
+reminded of a performance experience in New York by performance 
+artist Robert Whitman in 1976 called Light Touch, which seated an 
+audience on bleachers within a warehouse and then opened a curtain 
+hiding a loading door to expose to them the street outside as if it 
+were a theatre.
+More recently, various combinations of environmental theatre 
+variously called site-specific, promenade, and immersive theatre have 
+in the United States and in Europe placed audiences in environments 
+that were calculatedly ambiguous, not composed primarily or entirely 
+of random non-mimetic materials, like those in Remote Berlin 
+or Light Touch nor composed primarily or entirely of specifically 
+selected non-mimetic materials, like Sleep No More. Instead, they 
+presented inseparable mixtures of the two, as could be seen in Reza 
+Abdoh’s Father Was a Peculiar Man, set in several blocks of the New 
+York meat-packing district in 1990, or The Foundry Theatre’s The 
+Provenance of Beauty in 2009, which took audience members on a bus 
+tour of New York’s South Bronx. In both of these latter cases, some 
+of the persons and scenes observed were in fact planned as part of 
+
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+the experience, others were not, and audiences were normally given 
+little information as to which was which. It was not really so much a 
+matter of going beyond representation as blurring the lines between 
+representation and reality, which I think is a better description of 
+the dynamics of such work. It is no longer enough, I think, to say 
+that the enemy of the postdramatic is representation. The enemy is 
+really the stability of the mimetic. The postdramatic is really neither 
+mimetic nor non-mimetic. It is the non-mimetic framed as if it were 
+the mimetic. Remove the frame, and not only mimesis disappears, 
+but so does theatre itself, and what remains is life.
+
+Marvin Carlson - Postdramatic Theatre and Postdramatic Performance
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+References
+ARISTOTLE. Poetics. Translation: Leon Golden. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1968.
+BEL, Jérôme. Disabled Theater: Marcel Bugiel et Jérôme Bel – interview with Marcel Bugiel. 
+RB Jerome Bel, [s.l.], June 2013. Available at: <http://www.jeromebel.fr/textesEtEntretiens/
+detail/?textInter=disabled%20theater%20-%20marcel%20bugiel%20et%20jerome%20
+bel>. Accessed on: 17 Feb. 2015.
+BOGUSZ, Tanja. Institution und Utopie. Bielefeld: Deutschen Bibliothek, 2007.
+CARLSON, Marvin. Theatre: a very short introduction. Oxford: Oxford University, 2014.
+CARLSON, Marvin. Theatre is More Beautiful than War. Iowa City: University of 
+Iowa, 2009.
+CRAIG, Edward Gordon. On the Art of the Theatre. Chicago: Heinemann, 1911
+ECO, Umberto. The Semiotics of Theatrical Performance. The Drama Review, New 
+York, v. 20, n. 1, p. 107-117, Mar. 1977.
+GUTJAHN, Ortrud. Regietheater! Wurzburg: Königshausen & Neumann, 2008.
+HELBO, Andre. Theory of Performing Arts. Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing 
+Company, 1987.
+KENNEDY, Dennis. Foreign Shakespeare. New York: Cambridge University, 1993.
+LEHMANN, Hans-Thies. Postdramatic Theatre. London: Taylor and Francis, 1999.
+MALZACHER, Florian; DREYSSE, Miriam. Experts of the Everyday. Berlin: Alexander 
+Verlag, 2008.
+PAWELKE, Gudrun. The Humanity of Man. Goethe-Institut, Munich, Dec. 2012. 
+Interview. Available at: <http://www.goethe.de/en/kul/tut/gen/tan/20364054.html>. 
+Accessed on: 03 June 2015.
+RANCIÈRE, Jacques. The Emancipated Spectator. New York: Artforum, 2007.
+READ, Alan. Theatre and Everyday Life. London: Routledge, 1993.
+ROESNER, David. Musicality in Theatre. Dorchester: Dorset Press, 2014.
+STATES, Bert O. The Dog on the Stage: theatre as phenomenon. New Literary History, 
+Baltimore, v. 14, p. 373-388, winter 1983.
+STATES, Bert O. Great Reckonings in Little Rooms. Berkeley: UC Berkeley, 1985.
+TRENCSÉNYI, Katalin. Dramaturgy in the Making. London: Bloomsbury, 2015.
+WOYCICKI, Piotr. Post-Cinematic Theatre and Performance. London: Palgrave, 2014.
+
+Marvin Carlson - Postdramatic Theatre and Postdramatic Performance
+Rev. Bras. Estud. Presença, Porto Alegre, v. 5, n. 3, p. 577-595, Sept./Dec. 2015.
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+595
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+Marvin Carlson is the Sidney E. Cohn Professor of Theatre, Comparative Literature 
+and Middle Eastern Studies at the Graduate Center of the City University of New 
+York.  He has received an honorary doctorate from the University of Athens, the 
+ATHE Career Achievement Award, the ASTR Distinguished Scholarship Award, 
+the George Jean Nathan Award for Dramatic Criticism, and the Calloway Prize for 
+writing in theatre. He is the author of twenty-one books in theatre studies. 
+E-mail: mcarlson@gc.cuny.edu
+This unpublished text, proofread by Ananyr Porto Fajardo, is also published in 
+Portuguese in this issue.
+Received on February 23rd, 2015
+Accepted on March 30th, 2015
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+Translator behaviour and language usage: some constraints on contrastive studies
+
+This article concerns the phenomenon of junction, a cohesive device for signalling inter-clausal or inter-sentential relations, and its translation. The predominant finding of recent French-English contrastive studies on the topic of junction has been that, whereas there is a trend to junction-less juxtaposition in French, explicit co-ordination is preferred in English. Doubts concerning the universal validity of such a norm constitute the motivation for this study, which aims to consider:(1) the status of translator behaviour as evidence of norms of language behaviour;(2) the status of contrastive linguistics within translation studies.Examples of translations of writings by Albert Camus are then discussed in an attempt to show that translators’ decisions are sensitive to a number of contextual factors including genre, discourse and text type. My conclusions lead me to suggest some limitations on the use of quantitative studies within translation studies, including those based on analysis of machine-readable corpora.
+
+65
+Hermes, Journal of Linguistics no. 26-2001
+Ian Mason*
+Translator behaviour and language usage: some
+constraints on contrastive studies
+Abstract
+This article concerns the phenomenon of junction, a cohesive device for signalling inter-
+clausal or inter-sentential relations, and its translation. The predominant finding of re-
+cent French-English contrastive studies on the topic of junction has been that, whereas
+there is a trend to junction-less juxtaposition in French, explicit co-ordination is pre-
+ferred in English. Doubts concerning the universal validity of such a norm constitute the
+motivation for this study, which aims to consider:
+(1)  the status of translator behaviour as evidence of norms of language behaviour;
+(2)  the status of contrastive linguistics within translation studies.
+Examples of translations of writings by Albert Camus are then discussed in an attempt
+to show that translators’ decisions are sensitive to a number of contextual factors includ-
+ing genre, discourse and text type. My conclusions lead me to suggest some limitations
+on the use of quantitative studies within translation studies, including those based on
+analysis of machine-readable corpora.
+1.
+Introduction
+An earlier study of ellipsis of adversative junction in French and Eng-
+lish (Mason 1998) led me to consider some recent contrastive studies on
+the topic of junction and related issues (principally Ballard (1995 a &
+b), Chuquet & Paillard (1987 & 1992), Gallagher (1995) and Guillemin-
+Flescher (1981)). The predominant finding of such studies has been that
+whereas there is a trend to junction-less juxtaposition in French, explicit
+coordination is preferred in English. Although such a trend is not uni-
+versally accepted (see Delisle 1980: 198-99; Granger 1998), plentiful
+evidence of the regularity of the explicitation du marqueur de disjonction
+is presented by Guillemin-Flescher 1981 (with examples taken from seven
+*
+Ian Mason
+Centre for Translation and Interpreting Studies in Scotland
+Heriot-Watt University
+Edinburgh
+
+66
+English translations of Madame Bovary) and by Gallagher (1995), who
+discusses the explicitation needed in translating into German examples
+such as (1) below.
+(1)
+Un personnage? Oui, certes. La personne se révéla moins brillante. (A.
+Maurois)
+Showing that translators into German invariably insert an explicit ad-
+versative marker (e.g. allerdings, jedoch), he also concludes that
+le traducteur travaillant vers l’anglais devra donc expliciter et
+désambiguïser les relations intra- et inter-énoncés en utilisant des
+connecteurs adversatifs et concessifs. (1995: 213).
+This view echoes that of Guillemin-Flescher (1981: 189): ‘En anglais, il
+faudra, tout d’abord, expliciter la relation’.
+Although such may not have been the intention of the authors, the
+phenomenon is presented in these studies as if it were an unconditional
+rule of contrastive usage in English and French, to which translators
+instinctively adhere. Doubts concerning the universal validity of such a
+rule constitute the motivation for this study, which aims to consider the
+status of translator behaviour as evidence of norms of language behav-
+iour and, as a concomitant, the status of contrastive linguistics within
+translation studies. My conclusions lead me to suggest some limitations
+on the use of quantitative studies within translation studies, including
+those based on analysis of machine-readable corpora.
+2.
+Translator behaviour as evidence of norms
+of language behaviour
+French/English contrastive studies have claimed to detect, on the basis
+of empirical evidence, a number of contrasting norms of language be-
+haviour in the two languages. The evidence in question stems largely
+from (predominantly literary) source texts and their translations in the
+other language. Ballard (1995a: 11), referring to his study of the con-
+junctions and and et, makes clear the methodology of this approach,
+which aims to:
+déboucher sur une comparaison des fonctionnements des discours anglais
+et français en établissant à partir d’un texte et de sa traduction, un usage
+comparé de deux conjonctions que l’on donne généralement pour
+équivalentes.
+
+67
+Thus, such studies aim to arrive at fairly powerful generalisations con-
+cerning language behaviour (‘fonctionnements des discours’) in Eng-
+lish and French on the basis of evidence of regularities of translator be-
+haviour. References to the value of ‘pourcentages sur la fréquence
+d’emploi’, ‘chiffres précis’, and so on make explicit the quantitative ori-
+entation of the studies. Likewise, Kibbee (1995: 73), in the same vol-
+ume, suggests that
+La comparaison de plusieurs traductions d’un même ouvrage offre une
+possibilité intéressante pour la comparaison de la syntaxe et de la
+sémantique de deux langues...
+and proposes to ‘dresser un bilan statistique de l’usage des deux langues’.
+It is important to realise, firstly, that only the work of professional trans-
+lators is accepted as evidence and, secondly, that only statistically sig-
+nificant trends are retained, thus avoiding any conclusions based on the
+shaky evidence of idiosyncratic behaviour of non-typical translators.
+Assuming that experienced translators generally adhere to target lan-
+guage norms and avoid undue source-language interference, it then seems
+reasonable, in this view, to take regular trends in their output as evi-
+dence of trends in natural use of the target language concerned.  Statisti-
+cal frequency tables then add empirical weight to the findings.
+Now, if translators’ behaviour can be used as evidence of regularities
+of discoursal behaviour in both languages, then, just as translators into
+English appear to make explicit those cases where junction is ellipted in
+French so, conversely, one might expect a significant percentage of trans-
+lator ellipsis of English explicit junction in English-to-French translat-
+ing of the same cohesive devices. Evidence of this is, however, scarce.
+No examples of removal of English explicit adversative junction by trans-
+lators working into French are cited in Guillemin-Flescher’s study, for
+example. Further study of this phenomenon is needed and machine-read-
+able corpora (cf. Salkie 1997) may provide much more systematic and
+reliable findings. Some indication of a general trend is, however, avail-
+able from the work of Douglas Kibbee (cf. Kibbee 1995). In a section of
+his corpus of nineteen French translations of Alice in Wonderland, kindly
+made available to me by him, there is only one example (out of a total of
+sixty possible instances) of English explicit junction (but) becoming, in
+translation, ellipted junction. Implicitation, then, in English-to-French
+translating seems less frequent than the amply documented French-to-
+
+68
+English explicitation. This impression is reinforced by statistical evi-
+dence presented by Granger (1998) from analysis of a machine-readable
+corpus of source texts and translations in both languages. Whereas she
+did find evidence of connectors being added in French-to-English trans-
+lating (19.5%), she also found that suppression of connectors in Eng-
+lish-to-French translating was much less frequent (10%). In other words,
+the evidence currently available tends to support what has become known
+as the explicitation hypothesis (Blum-Kulka 1986) - namely, that trans-
+lators tend towards explicitation irrespective of the languages or direc-
+tion of translating - rather than the hypothesis that translators respond to
+contrastive language norms for the use of junction.
+For evidence of contrastive norms of actual language behaviour, it
+would seem more logical to contrast spontaneously sourced texts in each
+language, i.e. a contrastive textology, in the sense intended by Hartmann
+1980, than to compare source texts to corresponding sets of target texts.
+This, of course, raises the problem of comparability: how can one dem-
+onstrate that any L1 corpus to be subjected to a statistical analysis is
+equivalent in nature and therefore comparable to any L2 corpus, how-
+ever carefully selected? Attempts to constrain the genres, discourses or
+text types included inevitably run up against the problem of the culture-
+specific nature of textuality in any given language1. It is no doubt this
+difficulty which has led contrastivist researchers to resort to translations;
+at least here, it would seem, all variables are reasonably controlled and
+target texts are, in a real sense, comparable to source texts. Even here
+though the assumption of comparability may be erroneous. For transla-
+tors are subjective individuals and, more importantly, are governed in
+their behaviour by the Skopos (Vermeer, e.g. 1996) of the task in which
+they are involved.  An avowedly foreignising translation (cf. Venuti 1995)
+may seek to relay features of source-text expression, including traces of
+source-language syntax, word order, idiom, and so on. Indeed, it seems
+safe to assume that most translators are influenced, at least potentially
+and to some extent, by the form of their source text. On this basis, there
+must be serious questions about the validity of translator behaviour as
+evidence of spontaneous language use.
+1
+See however McLaren (2000) for evidence of contrastive regularities in companies’
+promotional literature in English and French.
+
+69
+3.
+The status of contrastive linguistics within translation
+studies
+At this stage it might appear that the argument being advanced here is
+that Contrastive Linguistics has no place within Translation Studies.  And
+indeed there are many Translation Studies scholars who would argue
+that it is simply a separate discipline with distinct theoretical and meth-
+odological frameworks and different aims. From the point of view of
+Skopos theory, of Gideon Toury’s (1995) Descriptive Translation Stud-
+ies2 and of many other contemporary trends within the field, the act of
+translating has nothing to do with language systems and everything to
+do with motivated behaviour in response to a set of stimuli. Hoey &
+Houghton reflect this view when they write (in Baker 1998: 48):
+Contrastive Analysis deals with systems rather than users of systems.
+Consequently, it tends to be relevant to translations as products rather
+than to the process of translating - which many current theorists (...) see
+as central to an adequate theory of translation.
+Yet if we are to study and adequately describe translator behaviour as a
+distinct behaviour, it will surely be useful to have evidence of non-trans-
+lational language behaviour as a yardstick against which we can meas-
+ure the very specificity of the translator’s action. In this sense, contras-
+tive norms of spontaneous language behaviour in two languages consti-
+tute the background against which can be observed residual traces of SL
+behaviour in translating, relative degrees of domestication or
+foreignization (Venuti, e.g. 1995) or positioning within a polysystem
+2
+Toury (1995: 53): ‘However highly one may think of Linguistics, Text-Linguistics,
+Contrastive Textology or Pragmatics and of their explanatory power with respect to
+translational phenomena, being a translator cannot be reduced to the mere generation of
+utterances which would be considered ‘translations’ within any of these disciplines’.
+And again (1995:3), in respect of Contrastive Linguistics, Contrastive Textology, Com-
+parative Literature, stylistique comparée, ‘... while their subject matter could well have
+been deemed translational, the theoretical and methodological frameworks within which
+it was handled could not, if only because their interests lacked the wish to fully account
+for all that translation may, and does involve’. Cf. Also Vermeer (1996: 112): ‘I think it
+is time to stress the independence of translation studies from mere linguistics...’ For
+both of these scholars, it is not so much the case that Contrastive Linguistics is strictly
+irrelevant to Translation Studies but rather that the evidence which its study produces
+can only be a contribution from the outside - along with many others - to the study of
+translating as an activity in its own right.
+
+70
+(Even-Zohar 1990). Moreover, contrastive studies involving source-to-
+target text comparisons do provide valuable evidence of a kind, even if
+they do not support strong claims about spontaneous usage. What they
+can of course lead to are claims about translator behaviour and, where
+the evidence adduced is matched against evidence from spontaneously
+sourced texts, we can even begin to observe what is peculiar to transla-
+tor behaviour. Evidence from the studies mentioned above is consequently
+important and the growth of empirical studies in this area is certainly a
+step forward. In the remainder of this article, therefore, we shall add in a
+small way to this growing body of evidence, not in order to make claims
+about the use of the French and English languages but, rather, to point
+towards context-sensitive translator behaviour and to discuss the busi-
+ness of translating as being about motivated choice.
+In the particular case of use of junction which we have been consider-
+ing, most available evidence does indeed confirm a tendency among
+translators into English towards explicitation of ellipted junction in
+French. The trends towards explicitation of junction observed by
+Gallagher (1995) are also amply attested in the data which I have stud-
+ied, as exemplified in (2) below, which extends our interest from adver-
+sative to causative junction3.
+(2)
+J’ai réfléchi, cela n’avait aucune
+I thought it over; really it didn’t seem to
+importance. J’ai offert une cigarette
+matter, so I offered the porter a cigarette and
+au concièrge et nous avons fumé.
+we both smoked.
+In this ST fragment, the causality linking the reflection in sentence one
+to the action reported in sentence two is easily inferred on the basis of a
+previously mentioned topic. The fragment is taken from A. Camus’s
+L’Etranger, at a point where Meursault is considering whether or not it
+is appropriate to smoke in the presence of the dead body of his mother.
+To this extent, the explication in the TT thus seems a fairly natural trans-
+lator response. And the very regularity of this trend presumably does
+correspond to some perceived need for explicitness in English. But any
+formulation of a translational norm along these lines, simply positing
+3
+In all textual examples quoted, highlighting has been added to draw attention to
+particular uses of junction.
+
+71
+this as a regularity would be a dangerous short-cut. The main problem
+with such an approach lies in a tendency of its proponents to elaborate
+context-free rules and to consider isolated sentences without regard for
+the rhetorical purposes which give rise to them. It is this trend, within
+contrastivist studies, which has to be resisted. Consideration of each
+case has to be sensitive to higher-level contextual and co-textual factors.
+One improvement, in this respect,will be simply to acknowledge that
+different (ST) writers behave differently. Gallagher (1995: 218) is care-
+ful to admit, in respect of his own data that:
+La tendance à l’implication est nettement marquée chez Maurois, alors
+que c’est la tendance opposée qui prédomine chez Sartre.
+This in turn leads him to express caution about the powerfulness of any
+generalisations based upon his findings. Put simply, what typifies a par-
+ticular writer cannot be taken as characteristic of usage in a given lan-
+guage as a whole. The next step involves sensitivity to the rhetorical
+purposes which govern any instance attested within a text. Use of lan-
+guage - by ST writers and by translators - is a social act. No meaningful
+statements can be made about utterances independently of the set of
+relevant circumstances in which they take place. There must be sensitiv-
+ity to genres (in the sense of use of language appropriate to a given
+social occasion) and to discourses (in the sense of attitudinal expression
+conventionally associated with particular social institutions). And the
+overall purpose being pursued in a given sequence of text is bound to
+exert a determining influence upon choices made along the way.
+4.
+An Illustration: Junction in Albert Camus
+As an initial attempt to observe some of the phenomena we have been
+discussing within a richer framework, I have looked at the writings of
+Albert Camus and some of the translations of his works into English.
+What are the various motivations which may underlie different ST and
+TT uses? Given the status of this effort as work in progress, what fol-
+lows is intended to be illustrative and no claims are being made here that
+what is presented constitutes conclusive evidence. It may however be
+sufficient for the purpose of introducing a note of caution into the for-
+mulation of research-based generalisations concerning translators’ use
+of junction.
+
+72
+We start with the phenomenon observed in (2) above, which is part of
+Meursault’s narrative in L’Etranger (Camus 1942/1946). Fowler (1986:
+96) noted that frequent ellipsis of causative junction in the detective
+novels of Raymond Chandler appeared to create the need for inferencing
+by the reader, thus heightening reader involvement. An example of this,
+from Chandler (1939), is given as (3) below.
+(3)
+I went out and through the hedge and up the hill to my car and got into it.
+I turned it around and drove up over the crest. Nobody shot at me. After
+a few blocks I turned off, cut the motor and sat for a few moments. No-
+body followed me either. I drove back into Hollywood.
+Here, the repeated use of junction (‘and’) within the sentence is in con-
+trast to its absence between sentences. Thus the link between the actions
+related and the thought processes which give rise to them has to be in-
+ferred by the reader.
+Camus, in L’Etranger, makes frequent use of the same device. A fur-
+ther example is given as (4) below.
+(4)
+Je lui ai demandé si on pouvait éteindre
+The glare from the white walls was
+une des lampes. L’éclat de la lumière
+making my eyes smart, and I asked him
+sur les murs blancs me fatiguait.
+if he couldn’t turn off one of the lamps.
+Without access to the ‘black box’ of the language user’s mind, any im-
+putation of motives to the writer (and for that matter, the translator) has
+to remain speculative. Nevertheless, literary critics have often referred
+to Meursault’s confusion, his lack of self-awareness, and so on, as it
+emerges from the novel. Meursault is hardly self-analytical; rather, he
+observes actions, notes instinctive feelings and moves on. It is possible
+that uses such as (2) and (4) above respond to motivations of this kind.
+That is, the textural devices deployed respond to higher-level contextual
+requirements of a particular writer on a particular occasion. In both cases,
+the trend towards explicitation is observable in the translation. What can
+equally be observed, however, is that no such systematic explicitation is
+apparent in the work of the same translator when it comes to uses of
+adversative junction. Indeed, examples (5) - (8) constitute counter-exam-
+ples to the hypothesis of Guillemin-Flescher (1981), Chuquet and Paillard
+(1987) and others, concerning junction in French and English. Here,
+explicit  adversative junction in the ST is either changed to a different
+kind of junction, made less explicit or ellipted in the TT.
+
+73
+(5)
+ ...je sentais quel plaisir j’aurais pris à
+I caught myself thinking what an agree-
+me promener s’il n’y avait  pas eu ma-
+able walk I might have had if it hadn’t been
+man. Mais j’ai attendu dans la cour,
+for Mother. As it was, I waited in the court-
+sous un platane.
+yard under a plane-tree.
+(6)
+J’ai encore réfléchi un peu à ces choses
+I went on thinking, like this, for ten min-
+mais j’ai été distrait par  une cloche...
+utes or so; then, the sound of a bell...
+(7)
+“Vous comprenez, c’est un sentiment
+“It’s a rather touching little story in its
+un peu puéril. Mais lui et votre mère
+way. He and your mother had become al-
+ne se quittaient guère.”
+most inseparable.”
+(8)
+Je suis resté immobile. Mais dans la
+... for a while I stood listening to it. Then
+chambre du vieux Salamano, le chien
+the dog began to moan in old Salamano’s
+a gémi sourdement.
+room...
+We can note here firstly that Camus, in this work, makes frequent use of
+explicit adversative junction (in the form of sentence-initial or inter-
+clausal mais), despite our observations above concerning the use of
+implicature to encourage inferencing; and secondly that a particular trans-
+lator may, for the sake of creating a cohesive and coherent TT in its own
+right, revise or reinterpret ST junction. While no claim is made that ei-
+ther Camus as writer of L’Etranger or this particular translator4 always
+conform to this behaviour, (5) - (8) above may be said to be not unrepre-
+sentative of the two works as a whole. It is also of course the case that
+each text - ST and TT - is cohesive and coherent in its own terms. The
+expectation that ST cohesive use is necessarily, or even desirably, trans-
+ferable to a TT is, in itself, a naive one, stemming from a view of trans-
+lating as language transfer rather than as motivated behaviour within a
+particular context and responding to its own norms. This then consti-
+tutes the first restriction on text-to-text contrastivism: any presupposed
+norm of identity of junction between ST and TT, from which other
+cases constitute a departure, is based on a mistaken view of the act of
+translating.
+4
+In the case of examples (2) and (4) - (7), this is Stuart Gilbert, The Outsider, Hamish
+Hamilton 1946.
+
+74
+The two further restrictions to be introduced here relate respectively
+to the behaviour of the ST producer and the behaviour of the translator.
+Having observed that Camus’s ellipsis of causative junction is not ne-
+cessarily generalisable to other types of junction, we may further note
+that it does not apply to Camus in other genres, discourses or texts. Need-
+less to say, Camus does not always write in the genre of the first-person
+récit. In his philosophical essays, a radically different use of junction is
+immediately noticeable. Fragment (9) is from L’Homme révolté (Camus
+1951/1953).
+(9)
+Si donc nous prétendons nous installer
+Hence, if we profess the absurdist posi-
+dans l’attitude absurde, nous devons
+tion, we should be ready to kill, thus
+nous préparer à tuer, donnant ainsi le
+giving logic more weight than scruples
+pas à la logique sur des scrupules que
+we consider illusory. Certainly, some
+nous estimerons illusoires. Bien entendu,
+compromises will be necessary. But, on
+il y faudrait quelques dispositions. Mais,
+the whole, fewer than one might suppose
+en somme, moins qu’on ne croit, si l’on
+- to judge from experience. Besides, it is
+en juge par l’expérience. Du reste, il est
+always possible, as we see every day, to
+toujours possible, comme cela se voit
+have the killing done for one. Thus
+ordinairement, de faire tuer. Tout serait
+everything would be settled in accordance
+donc réglé au nom de la logique si la
+with logic, if logic were really satisfied.
+logique y trouvait vraiment son compte.
+In itself, sample (9), with its intensive use of explicit junction, consti-
+tutes counter-evidence to any generalisation concerning a tendency to-
+wards ellipsis of junction in French. Here is one genre at least - the
+treatise - in which inter-clausal logical relations tend to be explicitly
+supported. And here is one instance at least in which a translator has felt
+the need to reflect ST junction very closely, no doubt again for reasons
+of appropriateness to TL genre.
+What is true of genres is true of discourses. In La Peste (Camus 1947/
+1948), the genre is the third-person narrative and the discourse which
+Camus uses for the narrator, Dr. Rieu, is not that which he employs in
+the case of Meursault. The educated medical professional’s use of junc-
+tion is more subtle, as evidenced in (10) and (11) below, instances in
+which Rieu is narrating, in a detached fashion, occurrences which he
+had either witnessed (10) or had related to him (11).
+
+75
+(10)
+“ (...) si, par exemple, il vous prenait
+‘(...) if you took it into your head to have
+l’envie de recommencer...”
+another shot at it.’
+Mais Cottard dit, au milieu de ses larmes,
+Cottard assured him tearfully that there
+qu’il ne recommencerait pas.
+wasn’t the least risk of that;
+(11)
+Tarrou semblait ensuite avoir été  favo-
+We gather that Tarrou was agreeably
+rablement impressionné par une scène
+impressed by a little scene that took place
+qui se déroulait souvent au balcon qui
+daily on the balcony of a house facing his
+faisait face à sa fenêtre. Sa chambre don-
+window. His room at the hotel looked onto
+nait en effet sur une petite rue transver-
+a small side street and there were always
+sale où des chats dormaient à l’ombre
+several cats sleeping in the shadow of the
+des murs. Mais tous les jours après
+walls. Every day, soon after lunch... a dap-
+déjeuner... un petit vieux apparaissait
+per little old man stepped out on to the
+sur un balcon, de l’autre côté de la rue.
+balcony on the other side of the street.
+What is significant here is that, given the variety of use of junction al-
+ready apparent (ellipted or simple in L’Etranger, intensive and explicit
+in L’Homme révolté, explicit but not straightforward in La Peste), con-
+trastive research findings will need to be stated in a discourse-sensitive
+as well as a genre-sensitive way. Moreover, despite the loss of explicit
+junction, there is no apparent loss of coherence in the translated ver-
+sions, thus belying any claim about the need for explicit junction in Eng-
+lish.
+Finally, the textual patterns underlying use of a given text type such
+as narrating also bear on use of junction. In L’Exil et le royaume (Camus
+1957/1958), the rhetorical purpose of narrating is served in the ST, here
+and there, by a particularly marked style, involving absence of junction
+and juxtaposition of noun phrases, exemplified in (12) and (13) below,
+relaying an additional value of inevitability to the sequence of events
+narrated.
+(12)
+Tout d’un coup, en plein été justement, la
+Suddenly, in summer as it happened, the
+guerre, Marcel mobilisé puis réformé, la
+war, Marcel called up then rejected on
+pénurie des tissus, les affaires stoppées,
+grounds of health, the scarcity of piece-
+les rues désertes et chaudes.
+goods, business at a standstill, the streets
+empty and hot.
+
+76
+(13)
+Vingt jours de grève, les femmes tristes
+Twenty days on strike, the wives sad at
+à la maison, deux ou trois d’entre eux
+home, two or three of them discouraged,
+découragés, et pour finir, le syndicat
+and, in the end, the union had advised
+avait conseillé de céder, sur la promesse
+them to give in on the promise of arbitra-
+d’un arbitrage et d’une récupération des
+tion and recovery of the lost days through
+journées de grève par des heures supplé-
+overtime.
+mentaires.
+L’Exil et le royaume has often been referred to as an exercise in style
+and this particular way of fulfilling a narrative purpose is something
+which the translator has apparently felt to be worth relaying in transla-
+tion, in defiance of any notion of adhering to stereotypic TL norms. Our
+second restriction on contrastivist studies is now clear: generalisations
+made on the basis of research findings should not apply to a whole
+language, nor should they apply to the undifferentiated work of a sin-
+gle writer; they must, instead, be context-sensitive and responsive to
+the constraints of genre, discourse and text (or overall rhetorical pur-
+pose).
+The evidence presented so far also permits us to elaborate our third
+and final restriction on contrastive studies, namely that since different
+translators on different occasions respond to a different perceived skopos,
+translator behaviour is variable and therefore evidence from the work
+of different translators should not be conflated for the purpose of mak-
+ing generalisations about ‘Camus (or any other text producer) in trans-
+lation’. Stuart Gilbert, the translator whose work is illustrated in frag-
+ments (2), (4) - (8) and (10) - (11) above, is a well-known domesticator5.
+His use of junction, especially in The Plague (Camus 1948) is very un-
+predictable. By way of contrast, the use of junction by the translators
+Anthony Bower (see example (9) above) and Justin O’Brien (see (12)
+and (13) above) is scrupulously close to that of the ST.
+To account for such variable data, the analyst needs to take into con-
+sideration a number of factors beyond the words-on-the-page, includ-
+ing:
+5
+For further comment on Gilbert’s translation of L’Etranger in contrast to that of
+another translator, see Venuti 2000: 474-77, a discussion which highlights the influence
+of early twentieth-century American writers on Camus’s style. The parallel drawn above
+to the style of Raymond Chandler goes in the same direction.
+
+77
+- The interaction of elements within texts.  For example, how do
+users read off the intentions behind ellipted junction - a phenomenon
+which is not uncommon and which takes place in English6 as well as in
+French? In order for intended meanings to be inferred, as we have sug-
+gested elsewhere (Mason 1998), a constant process of matching - of text
+elements to each other and of text elements to assumptions made about
+the context in which they occur - takes place. In the case of  (7) above,
+the presence in the ST of the negatively evaluative puéril contrasts with
+the positively evaluated lui et votre mère ne se quittaient guère, thus
+motivating the presence between these two items of the junctive mais.
+In the TT, on the other hand, the corresponding epithet rather touching
+is positively evaluated and consequently supports the reported fact that
+He and your mother had become almost inseparable. The absence of
+explicit junction is entirely compatible with TL norms for what are, here,
+additive relations.
+- The motivations of translators who, like ST producers, make use of
+cohesive devices in the service of higher-level purposes, including the
+communicative goals of the TT to be produced.
+- The translator’s orientation  or skopos (e.g. domestication or for-
+eignization), such as a perception of the prevalence of ST style in L’Exil
+et le royaume and a corresponding intention to relay it in the TT.
+5.
+Conclusion
+In the course of our analysis, we have been led towards several conclu-
+sions relating to contrastive studies. We have firstly cast doubt on the
+value of ST/TT comparisons for the purpose of deriving generalised
+statements about characteristics of spontaneous language behaviour.
+Conversely, we have suggested that, if the same kind of contrastive study
+is to be used for the purpose of describing regularities of translator be-
+haviour, then such study is subject to a number of restrictions having to
+do with (i) avoiding any assumption that lack of correspondence be-
+tween ST and TT texture constitutes a departure from some norm; (ii)
+ensuring that research is conducted and findings stated in a way which
+6 For a striking example, see Hatim 1997: 57.
+
+78
+is sensitive to such constraints as those of genre, discourse and text func-
+tion; (iii) acknowledging that translator behaviour responds to skopos
+(or purpose) and is therefore variable in a motivated way both from trans-
+lator to translator and from task to task within a given translator’s out-
+put.
+Now, if constraints on translating particular syntactic features are, as
+I have suggested, sensitive to genre (for example), what is the point (or
+rather, what is the potential) of deriving statistically-driven generaliza-
+tions about translator behaviour from corpora in which genres, discourses
+and rhetorical purposes (of ST and of TT producer) are lumped together?
+Quantitative translation studies using machine-readable corpora are,
+without doubt, a new direction with immense potential within the disci-
+pline as a whole. As work in corpus linguistics has already shown, they
+make possible reliable generalisations on a scale previously unheard of
+(cf. Granger 1998; Olohan and Baker, forthcoming). All the more rea-
+son, therefore, to ensure that this new field of investigation is launched
+on a sound basis. For the current problem of the machine-readable cor-
+pus approach to Translation Studies, as I see it, is this: that it encourages
+generalisations to be made at a higher (i.e. vaguer) level of comparison
+(for the sake of statistical validity) than that which would be most mean-
+ingful. In the case of that area of cohesion which we call junction, this
+would mean findings about explicit or ellipted junction in English and
+in French, say, or in Writer X or Writer Y. But what we really need to
+discover, I would suggest, is:  what are the pragmatic constraints on the
+use of junction within particular discourses, genres and text designs?
+Such an investigation  calls for qualitative analysis (to complement quan-
+titative analysis) and notes absences in texts as well as (countable) sur-
+face occurrences.
+References
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+Ballard, M. (ed.) (1995a). Relations discursives et traduction. Lille: Presses Universitaires
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+Blum-Kulka, S. (1986). Shifts of cohesion and coherence in translation. In J. House &
+S. Blum-Kulka (eds.) Interlingual and Intercultural Communication: Discourse and
+Cognition in Translation and Second Language Acquisition Studies. Tübingen: Narr.
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+79
+Camus, A. (1942). L’Etranger. Paris: Gallimard.
+________ (1946). The Outsider, trans. S. Gilbert. London: Hamish Hamilton.
+________ (1947). La Peste. Paris. Gallimard.
+________  (1948). The Plague, trans. S.Gilbert. London: Hamish Hamilton.
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+phia: John Benjamins.
+Venuti, L. (1995). The Translator’s Invisibility. London: Routledge.
+________  (ed.) (2000). The Translation Studies Reader. London: Routledge.
+Vermeer, H.  (1996). Skopos Theory. Some arguments for and against. Heidelberg:
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diff --git a/corpus/humanities/text/fd620e12e463d904.txt b/corpus/humanities/text/fd620e12e463d904.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5a6c4204935c2dd8fa5888da2f235bd50ca4e426
--- /dev/null
+++ b/corpus/humanities/text/fd620e12e463d904.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+Erratum: DONNELLAN, NOMES MILLIANOS E O CONTINGENTE A PRIORI
+
+DONNELLAN, NOMES MILLIANOS E O CONTINGENTE A PRIORI  
+ doi:10.1590/20170580138e001 
+ 
+610 
+KRITERION, Belo Horizonte, v. 64, nº 155, Ago./2023 
+ERRATUM 
+ 
+No artigo “DONNELLAN, NOMES MILLIANOS E O CONTINGENTE A PRIORI”, publicado 
+no volume 58, número 138, 2017: DOI: 10.1590/0100-512X2017n13705fm, na página 539, no rodapé: 
+Onde se lê: 
+1 O presente artigo é uma versão levemente modificada do primeiro capítulo de minha tese de doutorado, 
+intitulada Theodor W. Adorno, um crítico na era dourada do capitalismo, escrita sob orientação do Prof. 
+Alessandro Pinzani, a quem agradeço, assim como aos professores que participaram da banca de defesa: 
+Emiliano Gambarotta, Eduardo Neves, Alexandre Vaz, Denilson Werle e Marta Rios. 
+Universidade de Lavras. Artigo recebido em: 13/07/2015 e aprovado em: 15/01/2016 
+Leia-se: 
+Universidade de Campinas. Artigo recebido em: 22/04/2016 e aprovado em: 24/10/2016 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
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+{"in_base_corpus": true, "licence": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use.", "licence_from": "fetch_senate_hearings.json (manifest)", "licence_scope": "source_level", "modality": "audio", "nc": null, "path": "corpus/healthcare/audio/18209d5fca83d0f4.wav", "persona": "healthcare"}
+{"in_base_corpus": true, "licence": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use.", "licence_from": "fetch_senate_hearings.json (manifest)", "licence_scope": "source_level", "modality": "audio", "nc": null, "path": "corpus/healthcare/audio/2d81dd5268c086be.wav", "persona": "healthcare"}
+{"in_base_corpus": true, "licence": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use.", "licence_from": "fetch_senate_hearings.json (manifest)", "licence_scope": "source_level", "modality": "audio", "nc": null, "path": "corpus/healthcare/audio/3421635ade990a86.wav", "persona": "healthcare"}
+{"in_base_corpus": true, "licence": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use.", "licence_from": "fetch_senate_hearings.json (manifest)", "licence_scope": "source_level", "modality": "audio", "nc": null, "path": "corpus/healthcare/audio/798d7559254971dd.wav", "persona": "healthcare"}
+{"in_base_corpus": true, "licence": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use.", "licence_from": "fetch_senate_hearings.json (manifest)", "licence_scope": "source_level", "modality": "audio", "nc": null, "path": "corpus/healthcare/audio/8653499d7cd3875c.wav", "persona": "healthcare"}
+{"in_base_corpus": true, "licence": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use.", "licence_from": "fetch_senate_hearings.json (manifest)", "licence_scope": "source_level", "modality": "audio", "nc": null, "path": "corpus/healthcare/audio/a520d2ea3bbb1e4e.wav", "persona": "healthcare"}
+{"in_base_corpus": true, "licence": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use.", "licence_from": "fetch_senate_hearings.json (manifest)", "licence_scope": "source_level", "modality": "audio", "nc": null, "path": "corpus/healthcare/audio/a93a8e393b9c9098.wav", "persona": "healthcare"}
+{"in_base_corpus": true, "licence": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use.", "licence_from": "fetch_senate_hearings.json (manifest)", "licence_scope": "source_level", "modality": "audio", "nc": null, "path": "corpus/healthcare/audio/c60fff10b2f5b5a6.wav", "persona": "healthcare"}
+{"in_base_corpus": true, "licence": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use.", "licence_from": "fetch_senate_hearings.json (manifest)", "licence_scope": "source_level", "modality": "audio", "nc": null, "path": "corpus/healthcare/audio/f19f7f66de1446c6.wav", "persona": "healthcare"}
+{"in_base_corpus": true, "licence": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use.", "licence_from": "fetch_senate_hearings.json (manifest)", "licence_scope": "source_level", "modality": "audio", "nc": null, "path": "corpus/healthcare/audio/f8634eff9ae40990.wav", "persona": "healthcare"}
+{"in_base_corpus": true, "licence": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use.", "licence_from": "fetch_senate_hearings.json (manifest)", "licence_scope": "source_level", "modality": "audio", "nc": null, "path": "corpus/law/audio/07dd2c81c7bfbfd3.wav", "persona": "law"}
+{"in_base_corpus": true, "licence": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use.", "licence_from": "fetch_senate_hearings.json (manifest)", "licence_scope": "source_level", "modality": "audio", "nc": null, "path": "corpus/law/audio/4c5468d2671736fc.wav", "persona": "law"}
+{"in_base_corpus": true, "licence": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use.", "licence_from": "fetch_senate_hearings.json (manifest)", "licence_scope": "source_level", "modality": "audio", "nc": null, "path": "corpus/law/audio/591c3a5e20fe8e20.wav", "persona": "law"}
+{"in_base_corpus": true, "licence": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use.", "licence_from": "fetch_senate_hearings.json (manifest)", "licence_scope": "source_level", "modality": "audio", "nc": null, "path": "corpus/law/audio/66043274a260474f.wav", "persona": "law"}
+{"in_base_corpus": true, "licence": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use.", "licence_from": "fetch_senate_hearings.json (manifest)", "licence_scope": "source_level", "modality": "audio", "nc": null, "path": "corpus/law/audio/7e3a449d35c1eff1.wav", "persona": "law"}
+{"in_base_corpus": true, "licence": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use.", "licence_from": "fetch_senate_hearings.json (manifest)", "licence_scope": "source_level", "modality": "audio", "nc": null, "path": "corpus/law/audio/84952d46d69b69a7.wav", "persona": "law"}
+{"in_base_corpus": true, "licence": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use.", "licence_from": "fetch_senate_hearings.json (manifest)", "licence_scope": "source_level", "modality": "audio", "nc": null, "path": "corpus/law/audio/9ae12f9f0c9dd0e5.wav", "persona": "law"}
+{"in_base_corpus": true, "licence": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use.", "licence_from": "fetch_senate_hearings.json (manifest)", "licence_scope": "source_level", "modality": "audio", "nc": null, "path": "corpus/law/audio/b4ee3c45389cb61a.wav", "persona": "law"}
+{"in_base_corpus": true, "licence": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use.", "licence_from": "fetch_senate_hearings.json (manifest)", "licence_scope": "source_level", "modality": "audio", "nc": null, "path": "corpus/law/audio/bde92d4f0db73794.wav", "persona": "law"}
+{"in_base_corpus": true, "licence": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use.", "licence_from": "fetch_senate_hearings.json (manifest)", "licence_scope": "source_level", "modality": "audio", "nc": null, "path": "corpus/law/audio/d647b6fcb3b3c216.wav", "persona": "law"}
+{"in_base_corpus": true, "licence": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use.", "licence_from": "fetch_senate_hearings.json (manifest)", "licence_scope": "source_level", "modality": "audio", "nc": null, "path": "corpus/law/audio/e1bcb410b1b9b4f7.wav", "persona": "law"}
+{"in_base_corpus": true, "licence": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use.", "licence_from": "fetch_senate_hearings.json (manifest)", "licence_scope": "source_level", "modality": "video", "nc": null, "path": "corpus/healthcare/video/0c0a23dbe5975920.mp4", "persona": "healthcare"}
+{"in_base_corpus": true, "licence": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use.", "licence_from": "fetch_senate_hearings.json (manifest)", "licence_scope": "source_level", "modality": "video", "nc": null, "path": "corpus/healthcare/video/2063d61f464531d4.mp4", "persona": "healthcare"}
+{"in_base_corpus": true, "licence": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use.", "licence_from": "fetch_senate_hearings.json (manifest)", "licence_scope": "source_level", "modality": "video", "nc": null, "path": "corpus/healthcare/video/3381830ee7235a64.mp4", "persona": "healthcare"}
+{"in_base_corpus": true, "licence": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use.", "licence_from": "fetch_senate_hearings.json (manifest)", "licence_scope": "source_level", "modality": "video", "nc": null, "path": "corpus/healthcare/video/3ca1890c12166f71.mp4", "persona": "healthcare"}
+{"in_base_corpus": true, "licence": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use.", "licence_from": "fetch_senate_hearings.json (manifest)", "licence_scope": "source_level", "modality": "video", "nc": null, "path": "corpus/healthcare/video/4f17bed07d1a1b64.mp4", "persona": "healthcare"}
+{"in_base_corpus": true, "licence": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use.", "licence_from": "fetch_senate_hearings.json (manifest)", "licence_scope": "source_level", "modality": "video", "nc": null, "path": "corpus/healthcare/video/4f99a44e773d8844.mp4", "persona": "healthcare"}
+{"in_base_corpus": true, "licence": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use.", "licence_from": "fetch_senate_hearings.json (manifest)", "licence_scope": "source_level", "modality": "video", "nc": null, "path": "corpus/healthcare/video/5a271d96c9cf0c59.mp4", "persona": "healthcare"}
+{"in_base_corpus": true, "licence": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use.", "licence_from": "fetch_senate_hearings.json (manifest)", "licence_scope": "source_level", "modality": "video", "nc": null, "path": "corpus/healthcare/video/6eb8529942cd9358.mp4", "persona": "healthcare"}
+{"in_base_corpus": true, "licence": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use.", "licence_from": "fetch_senate_hearings.json (manifest)", "licence_scope": "source_level", "modality": "video", "nc": null, "path": "corpus/healthcare/video/77661a851c359c03.mp4", "persona": "healthcare"}
+{"in_base_corpus": true, "licence": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use.", "licence_from": "fetch_senate_hearings.json (manifest)", "licence_scope": "source_level", "modality": "video", "nc": null, "path": "corpus/healthcare/video/873aa6d4caa4b850.mp4", "persona": "healthcare"}
+{"in_base_corpus": true, "licence": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use.", "licence_from": "fetch_senate_hearings.json (manifest)", "licence_scope": "source_level", "modality": "video", "nc": null, "path": "corpus/healthcare/video/8bf16379c3e8b824.mp4", "persona": "healthcare"}
+{"in_base_corpus": true, "licence": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use.", "licence_from": "fetch_senate_hearings.json (manifest)", "licence_scope": "source_level", "modality": "video", "nc": null, "path": "corpus/healthcare/video/9c3cee582a486a5b.mp4", "persona": "healthcare"}
+{"in_base_corpus": true, "licence": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use.", "licence_from": "fetch_senate_hearings.json (manifest)", "licence_scope": "source_level", "modality": "video", "nc": null, "path": "corpus/healthcare/video/a72152a2c5b92a3e.mp4", "persona": "healthcare"}
+{"in_base_corpus": true, "licence": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use.", "licence_from": "fetch_senate_hearings.json (manifest)", "licence_scope": "source_level", "modality": "video", "nc": null, "path": "corpus/healthcare/video/d146bdfe779eebc8.mp4", "persona": "healthcare"}
+{"in_base_corpus": true, "licence": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use.", "licence_from": "fetch_senate_hearings.json (manifest)", "licence_scope": "source_level", "modality": "video", "nc": null, "path": "corpus/healthcare/video/d5a0deeb9ec2bf36.mp4", "persona": "healthcare"}
+{"in_base_corpus": true, "licence": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use.", "licence_from": "fetch_senate_hearings.json (manifest)", "licence_scope": "source_level", "modality": "video", "nc": null, "path": "corpus/healthcare/video/e2ff938143e77cdf.mp4", "persona": "healthcare"}
+{"in_base_corpus": true, "licence": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use.", "licence_from": "fetch_senate_hearings.json (manifest)", "licence_scope": "source_level", "modality": "video", "nc": null, "path": "corpus/healthcare/video/e7252ae2eca2905f.mp4", "persona": "healthcare"}
+{"in_base_corpus": true, "licence": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use.", "licence_from": "fetch_senate_hearings.json (manifest)", "licence_scope": "source_level", "modality": "video", "nc": null, "path": "corpus/healthcare/video/fae8bbf67d6cd844.mp4", "persona": "healthcare"}
+{"in_base_corpus": true, "licence": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use.", "licence_from": "fetch_senate_hearings.json (manifest)", "licence_scope": "source_level", "modality": "video", "nc": null, "path": "corpus/law/video/24f14daabfbba2a0.mp4", "persona": "law"}
+{"in_base_corpus": true, "licence": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use.", "licence_from": "fetch_senate_hearings.json (manifest)", "licence_scope": "source_level", "modality": "video", "nc": null, "path": "corpus/law/video/45b4c7aa41d8e269.mp4", "persona": "law"}
+{"in_base_corpus": true, "licence": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use.", "licence_from": "fetch_senate_hearings.json (manifest)", "licence_scope": "source_level", "modality": "video", "nc": null, "path": "corpus/law/video/4b8a17131a1b78b7.mp4", "persona": "law"}
+{"in_base_corpus": true, "licence": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use.", "licence_from": "fetch_senate_hearings.json (manifest)", "licence_scope": "source_level", "modality": "video", "nc": null, "path": "corpus/law/video/54c17efb933ab478.mp4", "persona": "law"}
+{"in_base_corpus": true, "licence": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use.", "licence_from": "fetch_senate_hearings.json (manifest)", "licence_scope": "source_level", "modality": "video", "nc": null, "path": "corpus/law/video/5b9301f52638016d.mp4", "persona": "law"}
+{"in_base_corpus": true, "licence": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use.", "licence_from": "fetch_senate_hearings.json (manifest)", "licence_scope": "source_level", "modality": "video", "nc": null, "path": "corpus/law/video/5dd78f8648030700.mp4", "persona": "law"}
+{"in_base_corpus": true, "licence": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use.", "licence_from": "fetch_senate_hearings.json (manifest)", "licence_scope": "source_level", "modality": "video", "nc": null, "path": "corpus/law/video/5ff0b8a5a3dfe564.mp4", "persona": "law"}
+{"in_base_corpus": true, "licence": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use.", "licence_from": "fetch_senate_hearings.json (manifest)", "licence_scope": "source_level", "modality": "video", "nc": null, "path": "corpus/law/video/65e6fe5f90c5f980.mp4", "persona": "law"}
+{"in_base_corpus": true, "licence": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use.", "licence_from": "fetch_senate_hearings.json (manifest)", "licence_scope": "source_level", "modality": "video", "nc": null, "path": "corpus/law/video/783184713fd93009.mp4", "persona": "law"}
+{"in_base_corpus": true, "licence": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use.", "licence_from": "fetch_senate_hearings.json (manifest)", "licence_scope": "source_level", "modality": "video", "nc": null, "path": "corpus/law/video/88060c7c0d454974.mp4", "persona": "law"}
+{"in_base_corpus": true, "licence": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use.", "licence_from": "fetch_senate_hearings.json (manifest)", "licence_scope": "source_level", "modality": "video", "nc": null, "path": "corpus/law/video/8c9b5a14614849a2.mp4", "persona": "law"}
+{"in_base_corpus": true, "licence": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use.", "licence_from": "fetch_senate_hearings.json (manifest)", "licence_scope": "source_level", "modality": "video", "nc": null, "path": "corpus/law/video/8f5faf30cb5c08e9.mp4", "persona": "law"}
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..62fd1750719fcac9d28618cea56accbc08a072dd
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1d1150ccdbcc655c5ec71b6f823f29b267cf3ccb
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+++ b/release/gold/T1/building.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{"answer": ["Alcove", "BaseCabinet", "Closet", "CoatCloset", "Door", "DoubleSink", "IntegratedStove", "Kitchen Kitchenette", "LivingRoom", "Misc", "Shower", "Sink", "Toilet", "Undefined", "Wall", "WallCabinet", "Window"], "answer_modalities": {"Alcove": ["image"], "BaseCabinet": ["image"], "Closet": ["image"], "CoatCloset": ["image"], "Door": ["image"], "DoubleSink": ["image"], "IntegratedStove": ["image"], "Kitchen Kitchenette": ["image"], "LivingRoom": ["image"], "Misc": ["image"], "Shower": ["image"], "Sink": ["image"], "Toilet": ["image"], "Undefined": ["image"], "Wall": ["image"], "WallCabinet": ["image"], "Window": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "96611cf3e9554e74", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_building_0ac858b5ce9a", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["96611cf3e9554e74.png"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\" and \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"96611cf3e9554e74.png\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "96611cf3e9554e74"}
+{"answer": ["Andrew Blake", "Aneesh Naik", "Anil Madhavapeddy", "Clement Atzberger", "David Coomes", "Ira Shokar", "Jovana Knezevic", "Mark Elvers", "Niall Robinson", "Robin Young", "Sadiq Jaffer", "Srinivasan Keshav", "Zhengpeng Feng", "cs.CV"], "answer_modalities": {"Andrew Blake": ["pdf"], "Aneesh Naik": ["pdf"], "Anil Madhavapeddy": ["pdf"], "Clement Atzberger": ["pdf"], "David Coomes": ["pdf"], "Ira Shokar": ["pdf"], "Jovana Knezevic": ["pdf"], "Mark Elvers": ["pdf"], "Niall Robinson": ["pdf"], "Robin Young": ["pdf"], "Sadiq Jaffer": ["pdf"], "Srinivasan Keshav": ["pdf"], "Zhengpeng Feng": ["pdf"], "cs.CV": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "29371b8b4616686c", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_building_4527fc875f79", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["29371b8b4616686c.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"29371b8b4616686c.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "29371b8b4616686c"}
+{"answer": ["BaseCabinet", "Bath Shower", "Bedroom", "Closet", "Closet WalkIn", "CoatCloset", "Column", "Dishwasher", "Door", "DoubleSink", "Entry Lobby", "Housing", "IntegratedStove", "Kitchen Kitchenette", "LivingRoom", "Misc", "Outdoor Terrace", "Railing", "Refrigerator", "Shower", "Sink", "Storage", "Toilet", "Wall", "WallCabinet", "WashingMachine", "Window"], "answer_modalities": {"BaseCabinet": ["image"], "Bath Shower": ["image"], "Bedroom": ["image"], "Closet": ["image"], "Closet WalkIn": ["image"], "CoatCloset": ["image"], "Column": ["image"], "Dishwasher": ["image"], "Door": ["image"], "DoubleSink": ["image"], "Entry Lobby": ["image"], "Housing": ["image"], "IntegratedStove": ["image"], "Kitchen Kitchenette": ["image"], "LivingRoom": ["image"], "Misc": ["image"], "Outdoor Terrace": ["image"], "Railing": ["image"], "Refrigerator": ["image"], "Shower": ["image"], "Sink": ["image"], "Storage": ["image"], "Toilet": ["image"], "Wall": ["image"], "WallCabinet": ["image"], "WashingMachine": ["image"], "Window": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "458190d3927e83a2", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_building_2a43e0682da8", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["458190d3927e83a2.png"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\", \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"458190d3927e83a2.png\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "458190d3927e83a2"}
+{"answer": ["BaseCabinet", "Bath Shower", "Bedroom", "Closet", "Closet WalkIn", "CoatCloset", "Column", "Door", "DoubleSinkRight", "Entry Lobby", "Housing", "IntegratedStove", "Kitchen Kitchenette", "LivingRoom", "Outdoor Balcony Glazed", "Refrigerator", "SaunaBenchHigh", "SaunaBenchLow", "SaunaBenchMid", "SaunaStove", "Shower", "Sink", "SpaceForAppliance2", "Toilet", "Undefined", "Wall", "WallCabinet", "Window"], "answer_modalities": {"BaseCabinet": ["image"], "Bath Shower": ["image"], "Bedroom": ["image"], "Closet": ["image"], "Closet WalkIn": ["image"], "CoatCloset": ["image"], "Column": ["image"], "Door": ["image"], "DoubleSinkRight": ["image"], "Entry Lobby": ["image"], "Housing": ["image"], "IntegratedStove": ["image"], "Kitchen Kitchenette": ["image"], "LivingRoom": ["image"], "Outdoor Balcony Glazed": ["image"], "Refrigerator": ["image"], "SaunaBenchHigh": ["image"], "SaunaBenchLow": ["image"], "SaunaBenchMid": ["image"], "SaunaStove": ["image"], "Shower": ["image"], "Sink": ["image"], "SpaceForAppliance2": ["image"], "Toilet": ["image"], "Undefined": ["image"], "Wall": ["image"], "WallCabinet": ["image"], "Window": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "7b95dff57c4624eb", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_building_e2fc1953991e", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["7b95dff57c4624eb.png"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\" and \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"7b95dff57c4624eb.png\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "7b95dff57c4624eb"}
+{"answer": ["BaseCabinet", "Bath", "Bath Shower", "Bedroom", "Closet", "Closet WalkIn", "CoatCloset", "Column", "CornerSink", "Den Fireplace", "Dishwasher", "Door", "DraughtLobby", "Entry Lobby", "Fireplace", "Garage", "IntegratedStove", "Kitchen", "LivingRoom", "Misc", "Outdoor", "Refrigerator", "Sauna", "SaunaBenchHigh", "SaunaBenchLow", "SaunaBenchMid", "SaunaStove", "Shower", "Sink", "Stairs", "Storage", "Toilet", "Undefined", "Wall", "WallCabinet", "WaterTap", "Window"], "answer_modalities": {"BaseCabinet": ["image"], "Bath": ["image"], "Bath Shower": ["image"], "Bedroom": ["image"], "Closet": ["image"], "Closet WalkIn": ["image"], "CoatCloset": ["image"], "Column": ["image"], "CornerSink": ["image"], "Den Fireplace": ["image"], "Dishwasher": ["image"], "Door": ["image"], "DraughtLobby": ["image"], "Entry Lobby": ["image"], "Fireplace": ["image"], "Garage": ["image"], "IntegratedStove": ["image"], "Kitchen": ["image"], "LivingRoom": ["image"], "Misc": ["image"], "Outdoor": ["image"], "Refrigerator": ["image"], "Sauna": ["image"], "SaunaBenchHigh": ["image"], "SaunaBenchLow": ["image"], "SaunaBenchMid": ["image"], "SaunaStove": ["image"], "Shower": ["image"], "Sink": ["image"], "Stairs": ["image"], "Storage": ["image"], "Toilet": ["image"], "Undefined": ["image"], "Wall": ["image"], "WallCabinet": ["image"], "WaterTap": ["image"], "Window": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "f4a9371f3352c34e", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_building_f367f4ed6095", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["f4a9371f3352c34e.png"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\", \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"f4a9371f3352c34e.png\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "f4a9371f3352c34e"}
+{"answer": ["BaseCabinet", "Bath", "Bath Shower", "Bedroom", "Closet", "Closet WalkIn", "CoatCloset", "Column", "Dishwasher", "Door", "DraughtLobby", "ElectricalAppliance", "Entry Lobby", "IntegratedStove", "LivingRoom", "Outdoor", "Railing", "Refrigerator", "RoundSink", "SaunaBenchHigh", "SaunaBenchLow", "SaunaBenchMid", "SaunaStove", "Shower", "SideSink", "Sink", "Stairs", "Storage", "Toilet", "Undefined", "UserDefined", "Utility Laundry", "Wall", "WallCabinet", "Window"], "answer_modalities": {"BaseCabinet": ["image"], "Bath": ["image"], "Bath Shower": ["image"], "Bedroom": ["image"], "Closet": ["image"], "Closet WalkIn": ["image"], "CoatCloset": ["image"], "Column": ["image"], "Dishwasher": ["image"], "Door": ["image"], "DraughtLobby": ["image"], "ElectricalAppliance": ["image"], "Entry Lobby": ["image"], "IntegratedStove": ["image"], "LivingRoom": ["image"], "Outdoor": ["image"], "Railing": ["image"], "Refrigerator": ["image"], "RoundSink": ["image"], "SaunaBenchHigh": ["image"], "SaunaBenchLow": ["image"], "SaunaBenchMid": ["image"], "SaunaStove": ["image"], "Shower": ["image"], "SideSink": ["image"], "Sink": ["image"], "Stairs": ["image"], "Storage": ["image"], "Toilet": ["image"], "Undefined": ["image"], "UserDefined": ["image"], "Utility Laundry": ["image"], "Wall": ["image"], "WallCabinet": ["image"], "Window": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "88f3f06410e34728", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_building_d34e1d1899c9", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["88f3f06410e34728.png"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\" and \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"88f3f06410e34728.png\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "88f3f06410e34728"}
+{"answer": ["BaseCabinet", "Bath", "Bath Shower", "Bedroom", "Closet", "CoatCloset", "Column", "Door", "DoubleSink", "DraughtLobby", "ElectricalAppliance", "Housing", "IntegratedStove", "Kitchen Kitchenette", "LivingRoom", "Outdoor", "Railing", "Refrigerator", "SaunaBenchHigh", "SaunaBenchLow", "SaunaBenchMid", "SaunaStove", "Shower", "Sink", "SpaceForAppliance", "Storage", "Toilet", "TumbleDryer", "Undefined", "Wall", "WallCabinet", "Window"], "answer_modalities": {"BaseCabinet": ["image"], "Bath": ["image"], "Bath Shower": ["image"], "Bedroom": ["image"], "Closet": ["image"], "CoatCloset": ["image"], "Column": ["image"], "Door": ["image"], "DoubleSink": ["image"], "DraughtLobby": ["image"], "ElectricalAppliance": ["image"], "Housing": ["image"], "IntegratedStove": ["image"], "Kitchen Kitchenette": ["image"], "LivingRoom": ["image"], "Outdoor": ["image"], "Railing": ["image"], "Refrigerator": ["image"], "SaunaBenchHigh": ["image"], "SaunaBenchLow": ["image"], "SaunaBenchMid": ["image"], "SaunaStove": ["image"], "Shower": ["image"], "Sink": ["image"], "SpaceForAppliance": ["image"], "Storage": ["image"], "Toilet": ["image"], "TumbleDryer": ["image"], "Undefined": ["image"], "Wall": ["image"], "WallCabinet": ["image"], "Window": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "40bb666697666769", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_building_88a5e66416ec", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["40bb666697666769.png"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\" and \"room_type\" are contained in the image item that consists of the file(s) \"40bb666697666769.png\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "40bb666697666769"}
+{"answer": ["BaseCabinet", "Bath", "Bedroom", "Chimney", "Closet", "Closet WalkIn", "CoatCloset", "Column", "Dining", "Door", "DoubleSinkRight", "DraughtLobby", "ElectricalAppliance", "Entry Lobby", "FireplaceCorner", "GEARound", "IntegratedStove", "Jacuzzi", "Kitchen", "LivingRoom", "Outdoor", "Outdoor Porch", "Outdoor Terrace", "Railing", "Refrigerator", "RoundSink", "SaunaBenchHigh", "SaunaBenchLow", "SaunaBenchMid", "SaunaStoveRound", "Shower", "Sink", "SpaceForAppliance", "Toilet", "Undefined", "UserDefined", "Utility Laundry", "Wall", "WallCabinet", "WaterTap", "Window"], "answer_modalities": {"BaseCabinet": ["image"], "Bath": ["image"], "Bedroom": ["image"], "Chimney": ["image"], "Closet": ["image"], "Closet WalkIn": ["image"], "CoatCloset": ["image"], "Column": ["image"], "Dining": ["image"], "Door": ["image"], "DoubleSinkRight": ["image"], "DraughtLobby": ["image"], "ElectricalAppliance": ["image"], "Entry Lobby": ["image"], "FireplaceCorner": ["image"], "GEARound": ["image"], "IntegratedStove": ["image"], "Jacuzzi": ["image"], "Kitchen": ["image"], "LivingRoom": ["image"], "Outdoor": ["image"], "Outdoor Porch": ["image"], "Outdoor Terrace": ["image"], "Railing": ["image"], "Refrigerator": ["image"], "RoundSink": ["image"], "SaunaBenchHigh": ["image"], "SaunaBenchLow": ["image"], "SaunaBenchMid": ["image"], "SaunaStoveRound": ["image"], "Shower": ["image"], "Sink": ["image"], "SpaceForAppliance": ["image"], "Toilet": ["image"], "Undefined": ["image"], "UserDefined": ["image"], "Utility Laundry": ["image"], "Wall": ["image"], "WallCabinet": ["image"], "WaterTap": ["image"], "Window": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "5abf0bb43aee6e4c", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_building_9bf40a09ab8d", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["5abf0bb43aee6e4c.png"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\", \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"5abf0bb43aee6e4c.png\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "5abf0bb43aee6e4c"}
+{"answer": ["BaseCabinet", "Bath", "Bedroom", "Closet", "Closet WalkIn", "CoatCloset", "Door", "DoubleSink", "DraughtLobby", "IntegratedStove", "Kitchen Kitchenette", "LivingRoom", "Outdoor", "Railing", "Refrigerator", "Shower", "Sink", "SpaceForAppliance2", "Storage", "Toilet", "Undefined", "Wall", "WallCabinet", "Window"], "answer_modalities": {"BaseCabinet": ["image"], "Bath": ["image"], "Bedroom": ["image"], "Closet": ["image"], "Closet WalkIn": ["image"], "CoatCloset": ["image"], "Door": ["image"], "DoubleSink": ["image"], "DraughtLobby": ["image"], "IntegratedStove": ["image"], "Kitchen Kitchenette": ["image"], "LivingRoom": ["image"], "Outdoor": ["image"], "Railing": ["image"], "Refrigerator": ["image"], "Shower": ["image"], "Sink": ["image"], "SpaceForAppliance2": ["image"], "Storage": ["image"], "Toilet": ["image"], "Undefined": ["image"], "Wall": ["image"], "WallCabinet": ["image"], "Window": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "48a497decde751fc", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_building_82ebe9cde72f", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["48a497decde751fc.png"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\", \"room_type\" are contained in the image item consisting of the file(s) \"48a497decde751fc.png\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "48a497decde751fc"}
+{"answer": ["BaseCabinet", "Bath", "Bedroom", "Closet", "Closet WalkIn", "CoatCloset", "Door", "DoubleSinkRight", "ElectricalAppliance", "Entry Lobby", "Garage", "IntegratedStove", "Kitchen", "Outdoor", "PlaceForFireplace", "Refrigerator", "RoundSink", "SaunaBenchHigh", "SaunaBenchLow", "SaunaBenchMid", "SaunaStove", "Shower", "ShowerScreen", "Sink", "SpaceForAppliance2", "Stairs", "Storage", "Toilet", "Undefined", "UserDefined", "Wall", "WallCabinet", "Window"], "answer_modalities": {"BaseCabinet": ["image"], "Bath": ["image"], "Bedroom": ["image"], "Closet": ["image"], "Closet WalkIn": ["image"], "CoatCloset": ["image"], "Door": ["image"], "DoubleSinkRight": ["image"], "ElectricalAppliance": ["image"], "Entry Lobby": ["image"], "Garage": ["image"], "IntegratedStove": ["image"], "Kitchen": ["image"], "Outdoor": ["image"], "PlaceForFireplace": ["image"], "Refrigerator": ["image"], "RoundSink": ["image"], "SaunaBenchHigh": ["image"], "SaunaBenchLow": ["image"], "SaunaBenchMid": ["image"], "SaunaStove": ["image"], "Shower": ["image"], "ShowerScreen": ["image"], "Sink": ["image"], "SpaceForAppliance2": ["image"], "Stairs": ["image"], "Storage": ["image"], "Toilet": ["image"], "Undefined": ["image"], "UserDefined": ["image"], "Wall": ["image"], "WallCabinet": ["image"], "Window": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "5272b9f0d8ee464b", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_building_ac286b31eae9", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["5272b9f0d8ee464b.png"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\", \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"5272b9f0d8ee464b.png\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "5272b9f0d8ee464b"}
+{"answer": ["BaseCabinet", "Bath", "Bedroom", "Closet", "Closet WalkIn", "CoatCloset", "Door", "ElectricalAppliance", "Entry Lobby", "Housing", "IntegratedStove", "Kitchen", "LivingRoom", "Misc", "Refrigerator", "Shower", "Sink", "SpaceForAppliance2", "Toilet", "TumbleDryer", "Utility Laundry", "Wall", "WallCabinet", "WashingMachine", "Window"], "answer_modalities": {"BaseCabinet": ["image"], "Bath": ["image"], "Bedroom": ["image"], "Closet": ["image"], "Closet WalkIn": ["image"], "CoatCloset": ["image"], "Door": ["image"], "ElectricalAppliance": ["image"], "Entry Lobby": ["image"], "Housing": ["image"], "IntegratedStove": ["image"], "Kitchen": ["image"], "LivingRoom": ["image"], "Misc": ["image"], "Refrigerator": ["image"], "Shower": ["image"], "Sink": ["image"], "SpaceForAppliance2": ["image"], "Toilet": ["image"], "TumbleDryer": ["image"], "Utility Laundry": ["image"], "Wall": ["image"], "WallCabinet": ["image"], "WashingMachine": ["image"], "Window": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "054c492fbc157488", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_building_adc1eadbb23d", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["054c492fbc157488.png"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\", \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"054c492fbc157488.png\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "054c492fbc157488"}
+{"answer": ["BaseCabinet", "Bath", "Bedroom", "Closet", "CoatCloset", "Column", "Dishwasher", "Door", "Entry Lobby", "Housing", "IntegratedStove", "Kitchen", "LivingRoom", "Outdoor Balcony", "Railing", "Refrigerator", "RoundSink", "SaunaBenchHigh", "SaunaBenchLow", "SaunaBenchMid", "SaunaStove", "Shower", "ShowerScreen", "Sink", "Toilet", "Undefined", "Wall", "WallCabinet", "WashingMachine", "Window"], "answer_modalities": {"BaseCabinet": ["image"], "Bath": ["image"], "Bedroom": ["image"], "Closet": ["image"], "CoatCloset": ["image"], "Column": ["image"], "Dishwasher": ["image"], "Door": ["image"], "Entry Lobby": ["image"], "Housing": ["image"], "IntegratedStove": ["image"], "Kitchen": ["image"], "LivingRoom": ["image"], "Outdoor Balcony": ["image"], "Railing": ["image"], "Refrigerator": ["image"], "RoundSink": ["image"], "SaunaBenchHigh": ["image"], "SaunaBenchLow": ["image"], "SaunaBenchMid": ["image"], "SaunaStove": ["image"], "Shower": ["image"], "ShowerScreen": ["image"], "Sink": ["image"], "Toilet": ["image"], "Undefined": ["image"], "Wall": ["image"], "WallCabinet": ["image"], "WashingMachine": ["image"], "Window": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "6f9eb5c6dc2d9ead", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_building_03eef0cfe83b", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["6f9eb5c6dc2d9ead.png"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\", \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"6f9eb5c6dc2d9ead.png\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "6f9eb5c6dc2d9ead"}
+{"answer": ["BaseCabinet", "Bath", "Bedroom", "Closet", "CoatCloset", "Column", "Door", "DoubleSink", "DraughtLobby", "Entry Lobby", "Housing", "IntegratedStove", "Kitchen", "LivingRoom", "Outdoor", "Refrigerator", "SaunaBenchHigh", "SaunaBenchLow", "SaunaBenchMid", "SaunaStove", "Shower", "Sink", "SpaceForAppliance2", "Toilet", "Undefined", "Wall", "WallCabinet", "Window"], "answer_modalities": {"BaseCabinet": ["image"], "Bath": ["image"], "Bedroom": ["image"], "Closet": ["image"], "CoatCloset": ["image"], "Column": ["image"], "Door": ["image"], "DoubleSink": ["image"], "DraughtLobby": ["image"], "Entry Lobby": ["image"], "Housing": ["image"], "IntegratedStove": ["image"], "Kitchen": ["image"], "LivingRoom": ["image"], "Outdoor": ["image"], "Refrigerator": ["image"], "SaunaBenchHigh": ["image"], "SaunaBenchLow": ["image"], "SaunaBenchMid": ["image"], "SaunaStove": ["image"], "Shower": ["image"], "Sink": ["image"], "SpaceForAppliance2": ["image"], "Toilet": ["image"], "Undefined": ["image"], "Wall": ["image"], "WallCabinet": ["image"], "Window": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "04e59886f6693bfc", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_building_11d0852bdc7e", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["04e59886f6693bfc.png"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\", \"room_type\" are contained in the image item consisting of the file(s) \"04e59886f6693bfc.png\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "04e59886f6693bfc"}
+{"answer": ["BaseCabinet", "Bath", "Bedroom", "Closet", "CoatCloset", "Door", "DoubleSinkRight", "Entry Lobby", "IntegratedStove", "Kitchen", "LivingRoom", "Misc", "Railing", "Refrigerator", "RoundSink", "SaunaBenchHigh", "SaunaBenchLow", "SaunaBenchMid", "SaunaStove", "Shower", "ShowerScreen", "SpaceForAppliance2", "Toilet", "Undefined", "UserDefined", "Wall", "WallCabinet", "Window"], "answer_modalities": {"BaseCabinet": ["image"], "Bath": ["image"], "Bedroom": ["image"], "Closet": ["image"], "CoatCloset": ["image"], "Door": ["image"], "DoubleSinkRight": ["image"], "Entry Lobby": ["image"], "IntegratedStove": ["image"], "Kitchen": ["image"], "LivingRoom": ["image"], "Misc": ["image"], "Railing": ["image"], "Refrigerator": ["image"], "RoundSink": ["image"], "SaunaBenchHigh": ["image"], "SaunaBenchLow": ["image"], "SaunaBenchMid": ["image"], "SaunaStove": ["image"], "Shower": ["image"], "ShowerScreen": ["image"], "SpaceForAppliance2": ["image"], "Toilet": ["image"], "Undefined": ["image"], "UserDefined": ["image"], "Wall": ["image"], "WallCabinet": ["image"], "Window": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "644f51fb5a23b3f7", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_building_1e4b304c7d9e", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["644f51fb5a23b3f7.png"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\", \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"644f51fb5a23b3f7.png\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "644f51fb5a23b3f7"}
+{"answer": ["BaseCabinet", "Bath", "Closet", "CoatCloset", "Column", "Dishwasher", "Door", "ElectricalAppliance", "FireplaceCorner", "IntegratedStove", "Outdoor", "Railing", "Refrigerator", "SaunaBenchHigh", "SaunaBenchLow", "SaunaBenchMid", "SaunaStove", "Shower", "Sink", "Stairs", "Toilet", "Undefined", "Wall", "WallCabinet", "WashingMachine", "WaterTap", "Window"], "answer_modalities": {"BaseCabinet": ["image"], "Bath": ["image"], "Closet": ["image"], "CoatCloset": ["image"], "Column": ["image"], "Dishwasher": ["image"], "Door": ["image"], "ElectricalAppliance": ["image"], "FireplaceCorner": ["image"], "IntegratedStove": ["image"], "Outdoor": ["image"], "Railing": ["image"], "Refrigerator": ["image"], "SaunaBenchHigh": ["image"], "SaunaBenchLow": ["image"], "SaunaBenchMid": ["image"], "SaunaStove": ["image"], "Shower": ["image"], "Sink": ["image"], "Stairs": ["image"], "Toilet": ["image"], "Undefined": ["image"], "Wall": ["image"], "WallCabinet": ["image"], "WashingMachine": ["image"], "WaterTap": ["image"], "Window": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "6e3f4ebd685f913d", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_building_bfab943c976b", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["6e3f4ebd685f913d.png"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\" and \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"6e3f4ebd685f913d.png\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "6e3f4ebd685f913d"}
+{"answer": ["BaseCabinet", "Bathtub", "Bedroom", "Closet", "CoatCloset", "Dining", "Dishwasher", "Door", "DoubleSink", "ElectricalAppliance", "Fireplace", "IntegratedStove", "Kitchen", "LivingRoom", "Outdoor", "Railing", "Refrigerator", "SaunaBenchHigh", "SaunaBenchLow", "SaunaBenchMid", "Shower", "Sink", "Stairs", "Toilet", "TumbleDryer", "Undefined", "UserDefined", "Utility Laundry", "Wall", "WallCabinet", "Window"], "answer_modalities": {"BaseCabinet": ["image"], "Bathtub": ["image"], "Bedroom": ["image"], "Closet": ["image"], "CoatCloset": ["image"], "Dining": ["image"], "Dishwasher": ["image"], "Door": ["image"], "DoubleSink": ["image"], "ElectricalAppliance": ["image"], "Fireplace": ["image"], "IntegratedStove": ["image"], "Kitchen": ["image"], "LivingRoom": ["image"], "Outdoor": ["image"], "Railing": ["image"], "Refrigerator": ["image"], "SaunaBenchHigh": ["image"], "SaunaBenchLow": ["image"], "SaunaBenchMid": ["image"], "Shower": ["image"], "Sink": ["image"], "Stairs": ["image"], "Toilet": ["image"], "TumbleDryer": ["image"], "Undefined": ["image"], "UserDefined": ["image"], "Utility Laundry": ["image"], "Wall": ["image"], "WallCabinet": ["image"], "Window": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "8b1ea68d3a005ec9", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_building_e04fa7af788f", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["8b1ea68d3a005ec9.png"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\", \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"8b1ea68d3a005ec9.png\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "8b1ea68d3a005ec9"}
+{"answer": ["BaseCabinet", "Bedroom", "Closet", "CoatCloset", "Door", "Entry Lobby", "IntegratedStove", "Kitchen", "LivingRoom", "Misc", "Outdoor", "Railing", "RoundSink", "Shower", "Sink", "Toilet", "Undefined", "Wall", "WallCabinet", "Window"], "answer_modalities": {"BaseCabinet": ["image"], "Bedroom": ["image"], "Closet": ["image"], "CoatCloset": ["image"], "Door": ["image"], "Entry Lobby": ["image"], "IntegratedStove": ["image"], "Kitchen": ["image"], "LivingRoom": ["image"], "Misc": ["image"], "Outdoor": ["image"], "Railing": ["image"], "RoundSink": ["image"], "Shower": ["image"], "Sink": ["image"], "Toilet": ["image"], "Undefined": ["image"], "Wall": ["image"], "WallCabinet": ["image"], "Window": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "623b5de9e0b2ba14", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_building_30b1f8d2fa21", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["623b5de9e0b2ba14.png"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\", \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"623b5de9e0b2ba14.png\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "623b5de9e0b2ba14"}
+{"answer": ["Dimitris Askounis", "Giorgos Kormpakis", "Sotiris Pelekis", "Spiros Mouzakitis", "Vagelis Karakolis", "Vasilis Michalakopoulos", "cs.LG"], "answer_modalities": {"Dimitris Askounis": ["pdf"], "Giorgos Kormpakis": ["pdf"], "Sotiris Pelekis": ["pdf"], "Spiros Mouzakitis": ["pdf"], "Vagelis Karakolis": ["pdf"], "Vasilis Michalakopoulos": ["pdf"], "cs.LG": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "c644e66e2a5f5862", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_building_0f7324a13819", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["c644e66e2a5f5862.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"c644e66e2a5f5862.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "c644e66e2a5f5862"}
+{"answer": ["Gijs de Jong", "Jan S. Rellermeyer", "Karel Horak", "Lukas Kratochvila", "Monique Arkesteijn", "cs.CV"], "answer_modalities": {"Gijs de Jong": ["pdf"], "Jan S. Rellermeyer": ["pdf"], "Karel Horak": ["pdf"], "Lukas Kratochvila": ["pdf"], "Monique Arkesteijn": ["pdf"], "cs.CV": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "4375c513dc71ae12", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_building_88dad13b4599", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["4375c513dc71ae12.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"4375c513dc71ae12.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "4375c513dc71ae12"}
+{"answer": ["Simon Malacek", "Sonja Wogrin", "eess.SY"], "answer_modalities": {"Simon Malacek": ["pdf"], "Sonja Wogrin": ["pdf"], "eess.SY": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "96c71d1fb16dd035", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_building_bc8d0697634b", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["96c71d1fb16dd035.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"96c71d1fb16dd035.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "96c71d1fb16dd035"}
+{"answer": ["balcony", "blind", "cornice", "facade", "molding", "pillar", "shop", "sill", "window"], "answer_modalities": {"balcony": ["image"], "blind": ["image"], "cornice": ["image"], "facade": ["image"], "molding": ["image"], "pillar": ["image"], "shop": ["image"], "sill": ["image"], "window": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "92756b124de7b213", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_building_4cf905cb183a", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["92756b124de7b213.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\" and \"room_type\" does the image item containing the file(s) \"92756b124de7b213.jpg\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "92756b124de7b213"}
+{"answer": ["balcony", "blind", "cornice", "facade", "molding", "shop", "sill", "window"], "answer_modalities": {"balcony": ["image"], "blind": ["image"], "cornice": ["image"], "facade": ["image"], "molding": ["image"], "shop": ["image"], "sill": ["image"], "window": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "a78efc3e054f04d9", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_building_8ad92f61c7ff", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["a78efc3e054f04d9.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\", \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"a78efc3e054f04d9.jpg\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "a78efc3e054f04d9"}
+{"answer": ["balcony", "blind", "cornice", "facade", "molding", "sill", "window"], "answer_modalities": {"balcony": ["image"], "blind": ["image"], "cornice": ["image"], "facade": ["image"], "molding": ["image"], "sill": ["image"], "window": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "7aa2a604a64a2f6e", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_building_1fc74b018a2a", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["7aa2a604a64a2f6e.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\", \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"7aa2a604a64a2f6e.jpg\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "7aa2a604a64a2f6e"}
+{"answer": ["balcony", "cornice", "deco", "door", "facade", "molding", "pillar", "shop", "sill", "window"], "answer_modalities": {"balcony": ["image"], "cornice": ["image"], "deco": ["image"], "door": ["image"], "facade": ["image"], "molding": ["image"], "pillar": ["image"], "shop": ["image"], "sill": ["image"], "window": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "2d41ba3bac2c8f15", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_building_379dbcf1ae78", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["2d41ba3bac2c8f15.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\", \"room_type\" are contained in the image item consisting of the file(s) \"2d41ba3bac2c8f15.jpg\", and in what modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "2d41ba3bac2c8f15"}
+{"answer": ["balcony", "cornice", "deco", "door", "facade", "molding", "pillar", "sill", "window"], "answer_modalities": {"balcony": ["image"], "cornice": ["image"], "deco": ["image"], "door": ["image"], "facade": ["image"], "molding": ["image"], "pillar": ["image"], "sill": ["image"], "window": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "d37d3d6c6d789411", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_building_2b790197e4d0", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["d37d3d6c6d789411.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\" and \"room_type\" are contained in the image item consisting of the file(s) \"d37d3d6c6d789411.jpg\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "d37d3d6c6d789411"}
+{"answer": ["balcony", "cornice", "deco", "door", "facade", "molding", "shop", "sill", "window"], "answer_modalities": {"balcony": ["image"], "cornice": ["image"], "deco": ["image"], "door": ["image"], "facade": ["image"], "molding": ["image"], "shop": ["image"], "sill": ["image"], "window": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "2c563f64e221ace8", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_building_da66866f14fd", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["2c563f64e221ace8.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\" and \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"2c563f64e221ace8.jpg\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "2c563f64e221ace8"}
+{"answer": ["balcony", "cornice", "deco", "door", "facade", "molding", "shop", "sill", "window"], "answer_modalities": {"balcony": ["image"], "cornice": ["image"], "deco": ["image"], "door": ["image"], "facade": ["image"], "molding": ["image"], "shop": ["image"], "sill": ["image"], "window": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "addb6cd366f08add", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_building_7b166664c65d", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["addb6cd366f08add.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\", \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"addb6cd366f08add.jpg\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "addb6cd366f08add"}
+{"answer": ["balcony", "cornice", "deco", "facade", "molding", "pillar", "shop", "sill", "window"], "answer_modalities": {"balcony": ["image"], "cornice": ["image"], "deco": ["image"], "facade": ["image"], "molding": ["image"], "pillar": ["image"], "shop": ["image"], "sill": ["image"], "window": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "88cbd313e14a31f3", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_building_3538bc818df0", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["88cbd313e14a31f3.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\", \"room_type\" does the image item containing the file(s) \"88cbd313e14a31f3.jpg\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each one appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "88cbd313e14a31f3"}
+{"answer": ["balcony", "cornice", "deco", "facade", "molding", "pillar", "sill", "window"], "answer_modalities": {"balcony": ["image"], "cornice": ["image"], "deco": ["image"], "facade": ["image"], "molding": ["image"], "pillar": ["image"], "sill": ["image"], "window": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "308556e66bfd7221", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_building_e184eb0eb1b9", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["308556e66bfd7221.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\", \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"308556e66bfd7221.jpg\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "308556e66bfd7221"}
+{"answer": ["balcony", "cornice", "facade", "molding", "shop", "sill", "window"], "answer_modalities": {"balcony": ["image"], "cornice": ["image"], "facade": ["image"], "molding": ["image"], "shop": ["image"], "sill": ["image"], "window": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "3b2045b6e2a68af1", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_building_16ac81c1a621", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["3b2045b6e2a68af1.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\" and \"room_type\" are contained in the image item consisting of the file(s) \"3b2045b6e2a68af1.jpg\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "3b2045b6e2a68af1"}
+{"answer": ["balcony", "deco", "facade", "molding", "shop", "sill", "window"], "answer_modalities": {"balcony": ["image"], "deco": ["image"], "facade": ["image"], "molding": ["image"], "shop": ["image"], "sill": ["image"], "window": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "3d12fc3b624ef1ae", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_building_f23db7c8394c", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["3d12fc3b624ef1ae.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\" and \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"3d12fc3b624ef1ae.jpg\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "3d12fc3b624ef1ae"}
+{"answer": ["blind", "cornice", "deco", "facade", "molding", "pillar", "shop", "sill", "window"], "answer_modalities": {"blind": ["image"], "cornice": ["image"], "deco": ["image"], "facade": ["image"], "molding": ["image"], "pillar": ["image"], "shop": ["image"], "sill": ["image"], "window": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "eac67f161e65345d", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_building_9be457053948", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["eac67f161e65345d.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\", \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"eac67f161e65345d.jpg\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "eac67f161e65345d"}
+{"answer": ["blind", "cornice", "facade", "molding", "shop", "sill", "window"], "answer_modalities": {"blind": ["image"], "cornice": ["image"], "facade": ["image"], "molding": ["image"], "shop": ["image"], "sill": ["image"], "window": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "b02feacfd11cf2d1", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_building_1c18c827ebaf", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["b02feacfd11cf2d1.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\", \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"b02feacfd11cf2d1.jpg\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "b02feacfd11cf2d1"}
+{"answer": ["blind", "deco", "door", "facade", "molding", "pillar", "shop", "sill", "window"], "answer_modalities": {"blind": ["image"], "deco": ["image"], "door": ["image"], "facade": ["image"], "molding": ["image"], "pillar": ["image"], "shop": ["image"], "sill": ["image"], "window": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "5b1a2f71077a9a77", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_building_3d35f62b3569", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["5b1a2f71077a9a77.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\" and \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"5b1a2f71077a9a77.jpg\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "5b1a2f71077a9a77"}
+{"answer": ["blind", "facade", "window"], "answer_modalities": {"blind": ["image"], "facade": ["image"], "window": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "9c5ada6d7b529b02", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_building_6051b9f9be70", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["9c5ada6d7b529b02.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\", \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"9c5ada6d7b529b02.jpg\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "9c5ada6d7b529b02"}
+{"answer": ["cornice", "deco", "door", "facade", "molding", "pillar", "shop", "sill", "window"], "answer_modalities": {"cornice": ["image"], "deco": ["image"], "door": ["image"], "facade": ["image"], "molding": ["image"], "pillar": ["image"], "shop": ["image"], "sill": ["image"], "window": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "c323219f9f9060ee", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_building_f93b90422b6a", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["c323219f9f9060ee.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\", \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"c323219f9f9060ee.jpg\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "c323219f9f9060ee"}
+{"answer": ["cornice", "deco", "door", "facade", "molding", "pillar", "shop", "sill", "window"], "answer_modalities": {"cornice": ["image"], "deco": ["image"], "door": ["image"], "facade": ["image"], "molding": ["image"], "pillar": ["image"], "shop": ["image"], "sill": ["image"], "window": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "e602475b16c1c9db", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_building_a279e9f5c9a3", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["e602475b16c1c9db.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\", \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"e602475b16c1c9db.jpg\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "e602475b16c1c9db"}
+{"answer": ["cornice", "door", "facade", "molding", "pillar", "sill", "window"], "answer_modalities": {"cornice": ["image"], "door": ["image"], "facade": ["image"], "molding": ["image"], "pillar": ["image"], "sill": ["image"], "window": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "0fb42b467848a825", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_building_1e3d679861bb", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["0fb42b467848a825.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\", \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"0fb42b467848a825.jpg\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "0fb42b467848a825"}
+{"answer": ["cs.RO"], "answer_modalities": {"cs.RO": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "efabe0202306c23c", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_building_54fcd41f6a0b", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["efabe0202306c23c.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"efabe0202306c23c.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "efabe0202306c23c"}
+{"answer": ["deco", "door", "facade", "molding", "shop", "window"], "answer_modalities": {"deco": ["image"], "door": ["image"], "facade": ["image"], "molding": ["image"], "shop": ["image"], "window": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "edb1c0780f952727", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_building_336399272594", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["edb1c0780f952727.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\", \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"edb1c0780f952727.jpg\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "edb1c0780f952727"}
diff --git a/release/gold/T1/education.jsonl b/release/gold/T1/education.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d9fc5b5b4b54d270f64b6a471a406226161b96e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/gold/T1/education.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{"answer": ["Alejandro Martin-Gomez", "Ariel Leong", "Catalina Gomez", "Jeewoo Yoon", "Jose L. Porras", "Lalithkumar Seenivasan", "Masaru Ishii", "Mathias Unberath", "Patrick Kramer", "Sirui Chu", "Xinrui Zou", "Yu-Chun Ku", "cs.HC"], "answer_modalities": {"Alejandro Martin-Gomez": ["pdf"], "Ariel Leong": ["pdf"], "Catalina Gomez": ["pdf"], "Jeewoo Yoon": ["pdf"], "Jose L. Porras": ["pdf"], "Lalithkumar Seenivasan": ["pdf"], "Masaru Ishii": ["pdf"], "Mathias Unberath": ["pdf"], "Patrick Kramer": ["pdf"], "Sirui Chu": ["pdf"], "Xinrui Zou": ["pdf"], "Yu-Chun Ku": ["pdf"], "cs.HC": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "356dbb03f9c87c52", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_education_bd50ffea9611", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["356dbb03f9c87c52.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"356dbb03f9c87c52.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "356dbb03f9c87c52"}
+{"answer": ["Alex Mican", "Ana Gvritishvili", "Chris Stewart", "Leonardo Bergmann", "Renata Gheorghiu"], "answer_modalities": {"Alex Mican": ["pdf"], "Ana Gvritishvili": ["pdf"], "Chris Stewart": ["pdf"], "Leonardo Bergmann": ["pdf"], "Renata Gheorghiu": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "ba3af86bf65f48f3", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_education_3fdb6dc24417", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["ba3af86bf65f48f3.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"ba3af86bf65f48f3.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "ba3af86bf65f48f3"}
+{"answer": ["Alicia Guo", "Andre Ye", "Jenny Y. Huang", "Mitchell L. Gordon", "Rose Novick", "Tamara Broderick", "cs.HC"], "answer_modalities": {"Alicia Guo": ["pdf"], "Andre Ye": ["pdf"], "Jenny Y. Huang": ["pdf"], "Mitchell L. Gordon": ["pdf"], "Rose Novick": ["pdf"], "Tamara Broderick": ["pdf"], "cs.HC": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "6c469295367e277f", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_education_f8b6ee23585f", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["6c469295367e277f.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"6c469295367e277f.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "6c469295367e277f"}
+{"answer": ["Alok Khatri", "Bishesh Khanal", "NAAMII, Nepal", "Tangible Careers"], "answer_modalities": {"Alok Khatri": ["pdf"], "Bishesh Khanal": ["pdf"], "NAAMII, Nepal": ["pdf"], "Tangible Careers": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "d457ca2b3341956c", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_education_a9148f9beb46", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["d457ca2b3341956c.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"d457ca2b3341956c.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "d457ca2b3341956c"}
+{"answer": ["Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority", "Tuskegee Institute", "Wilberforce University"], "answer_modalities": {"Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority": ["image"], "Tuskegee Institute": ["image"], "Wilberforce University": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "dc5d505139dce38f", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_education_1892ec3cc061", "question": {"entity_types": ["depicted_person"], "files": ["dc5d505139dce38f.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"depicted_person\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"dc5d505139dce38f.jpg\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "dc5d505139dce38f"}
+{"answer": ["Anastasiia Birillo", "Gosia Migut", "Michael Liut", "Naaz Sibia", "Thomas Overklift Vaupel Klein", "Yuri Noviello", "cs.CY"], "answer_modalities": {"Anastasiia Birillo": ["pdf"], "Gosia Migut": ["pdf"], "Michael Liut": ["pdf"], "Naaz Sibia": ["pdf"], "Thomas Overklift Vaupel Klein": ["pdf"], "Yuri Noviello": ["pdf"], "cs.CY": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "548fd69bd80fa5d9", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_education_4be0dd4a848f", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["548fd69bd80fa5d9.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"548fd69bd80fa5d9.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "548fd69bd80fa5d9"}
+{"answer": ["Anshul Bihani", "Cassandra Lucas", "Chun-Hua Tsai", "Jaydeb Sarker", "Mia Mohammad Imran", "Rohini Kukka", "cs.HC"], "answer_modalities": {"Anshul Bihani": ["pdf"], "Cassandra Lucas": ["pdf"], "Chun-Hua Tsai": ["pdf"], "Jaydeb Sarker": ["pdf"], "Mia Mohammad Imran": ["pdf"], "Rohini Kukka": ["pdf"], "cs.HC": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "5b2230c97c6744bf", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_education_9a4509d3c09d", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["5b2230c97c6744bf.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"5b2230c97c6744bf.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "5b2230c97c6744bf"}
+{"answer": ["Berrit Czinczel", "Elaine H. T. Oliveira", "Hendrik Drachsler", "Isabela Gasparini", "Knut Neumann", "Lukas Menzel", "Sebastian Gombert", "Ute Harms", "cs.CY"], "answer_modalities": {"Berrit Czinczel": ["pdf"], "Elaine H. T. Oliveira": ["pdf"], "Hendrik Drachsler": ["pdf"], "Isabela Gasparini": ["pdf"], "Knut Neumann": ["pdf"], "Lukas Menzel": ["pdf"], "Sebastian Gombert": ["pdf"], "Ute Harms": ["pdf"], "cs.CY": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "37be343a78c63102", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_education_895e0567d915", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["37be343a78c63102.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"37be343a78c63102.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "37be343a78c63102"}
+{"answer": ["Bhaskar Krishnamachari", "Sampad Bhusan Mohanty", "Sumedh Karajagi", "cs.HC"], "answer_modalities": {"Bhaskar Krishnamachari": ["pdf"], "Sampad Bhusan Mohanty": ["pdf"], "Sumedh Karajagi": ["pdf"], "cs.HC": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "06332877397ca739", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_education_03daed5c00c6", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["06332877397ca739.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"06332877397ca739.pdf\" contain, and in what modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "06332877397ca739"}
+{"answer": ["Bo An", "David J. Crandall", "Erich Merrill III", "Ida Camacho", "Joydeep Biswas", "Kiri L. Wagstaff", "Matthew E. Taylor", "cs.DL"], "answer_modalities": {"Bo An": ["pdf"], "David J. Crandall": ["pdf"], "Erich Merrill III": ["pdf"], "Ida Camacho": ["pdf"], "Joydeep Biswas": ["pdf"], "Kiri L. Wagstaff": ["pdf"], "Matthew E. Taylor": ["pdf"], "cs.DL": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "692a21e4e7a68a70", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_education_3c246298ad56", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["692a21e4e7a68a70.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"692a21e4e7a68a70.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "692a21e4e7a68a70"}
+{"answer": ["Bordentown School", "Unidentified Man or Men"], "answer_modalities": {"Bordentown School": ["image"], "Unidentified Man or Men": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "453920e6da44c481", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_education_b582926500f9", "question": {"entity_types": ["depicted_person"], "files": ["453920e6da44c481.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the type \"depicted_person\" are contained in the image item consisting of the file(s) \"453920e6da44c481.jpg\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "453920e6da44c481"}
+{"answer": ["Bordentown School", "Unidentified Man or Men"], "answer_modalities": {"Bordentown School": ["image"], "Unidentified Man or Men": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "722fa3a63a8c19a1", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_education_aa2f514a3551", "question": {"entity_types": ["depicted_person"], "files": ["722fa3a63a8c19a1.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"depicted_person\" are contained in the image item consisting of the file(s) \"722fa3a63a8c19a1.jpg\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each one appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "722fa3a63a8c19a1"}
+{"answer": ["Bordentown School", "Unidentified Man or Men"], "answer_modalities": {"Bordentown School": ["image"], "Unidentified Man or Men": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "d5abbf1ab2f0d22b", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_education_06ef763a8e80", "question": {"entity_types": ["depicted_person"], "files": ["d5abbf1ab2f0d22b.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"depicted_person\" are contained in the image item consisting of the file(s) \"d5abbf1ab2f0d22b.jpg\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "d5abbf1ab2f0d22b"}
+{"answer": ["Bruno Lepri", "Marco Tonin", "Michele Tizzoni", "cs.SI"], "answer_modalities": {"Bruno Lepri": ["pdf"], "Marco Tonin": ["pdf"], "Michele Tizzoni": ["pdf"], "cs.SI": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "c1a6fe61f5714cc4", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_education_781335a59afd", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["c1a6fe61f5714cc4.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"c1a6fe61f5714cc4.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "c1a6fe61f5714cc4"}
+{"answer": ["Dr. Martin Luther King Jr."], "answer_modalities": {"Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "a82c6449bd22b128", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_education_cdc4dbd5766e", "question": {"entity_types": ["depicted_person"], "files": ["a82c6449bd22b128.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"depicted_person\" are contained in the image item that consists of the file(s) \"a82c6449bd22b128.jpg\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "a82c6449bd22b128"}
+{"answer": ["Dragan Gašević", "Kaixun Yang", "Lixiang Yan", "Roberto Martinez-Maldonado", "Yueqiao Jin", "cs.HC"], "answer_modalities": {"Dragan Gašević": ["pdf"], "Kaixun Yang": ["pdf"], "Lixiang Yan": ["pdf"], "Roberto Martinez-Maldonado": ["pdf"], "Yueqiao Jin": ["pdf"], "cs.HC": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "76fcfb92d06763a8", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_education_1edb686c2820", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["76fcfb92d06763a8.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", or \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"76fcfb92d06763a8.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "76fcfb92d06763a8"}
+{"answer": ["Edmund Bu", "Junhua Ma", "Laura Fleig", "Melinda Ozel", "Philip Chi", "Ruisen Tu", "Shuangquan Feng", "Teng Fei", "Virginia R. de Sa", "cs.HC"], "answer_modalities": {"Edmund Bu": ["pdf"], "Junhua Ma": ["pdf"], "Laura Fleig": ["pdf"], "Melinda Ozel": ["pdf"], "Philip Chi": ["pdf"], "Ruisen Tu": ["pdf"], "Shuangquan Feng": ["pdf"], "Teng Fei": ["pdf"], "Virginia R. de Sa": ["pdf"], "cs.HC": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "c9b934bf0af1d859", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_education_e9f2c5c9a250", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["c9b934bf0af1d859.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"c9b934bf0af1d859.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "c9b934bf0af1d859"}
+{"answer": ["Eleni Straitouri", "Manuel Gomez-Rodriguez", "Nina Corvelo Benz", "cs.LG"], "answer_modalities": {"Eleni Straitouri": ["pdf"], "Manuel Gomez-Rodriguez": ["pdf"], "Nina Corvelo Benz": ["pdf"], "cs.LG": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "27ce90fb30f3fc84", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_education_3e87db51c94c", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["27ce90fb30f3fc84.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"27ce90fb30f3fc84.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "27ce90fb30f3fc84"}
+{"answer": ["Eleonora Pasqua", "Martina Galletti", "Piercosma Bisconti", "Valeria Cesaroni", "cs.CY"], "answer_modalities": {"Eleonora Pasqua": ["pdf"], "Martina Galletti": ["pdf"], "Piercosma Bisconti": ["pdf"], "Valeria Cesaroni": ["pdf"], "cs.CY": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "9c90f6159434c35f", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_education_917447ef70ee", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["9c90f6159434c35f.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"9c90f6159434c35f.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "9c90f6159434c35f"}
+{"answer": ["Emma V. Montgomery", "Moses P. Rice, born 1839"], "answer_modalities": {"Emma V. Montgomery": ["image"], "Moses P. Rice, born 1839": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "fb12d04159f614b1", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_education_a65928fe7b5e", "question": {"entity_types": ["depicted_person"], "files": ["fb12d04159f614b1.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the type \"depicted_person\" are contained in the image item consisting of the file(s) \"fb12d04159f614b1.jpg\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each one appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "fb12d04159f614b1"}
+{"answer": ["Eva M. Dyson", "Oberlin Academy"], "answer_modalities": {"Eva M. Dyson": ["image"], "Oberlin Academy": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "4f9f3fb5f65a70c1", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_education_561f64fdf05a", "question": {"entity_types": ["depicted_person"], "files": ["4f9f3fb5f65a70c1.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"depicted_person\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"4f9f3fb5f65a70c1.jpg\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "4f9f3fb5f65a70c1"}
+{"answer": ["Fisk Jubilee Singers"], "answer_modalities": {"Fisk Jubilee Singers": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "4ed53f4ce07e0e5a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_education_74a698821131", "question": {"entity_types": ["depicted_person"], "files": ["4ed53f4ce07e0e5a.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the type \"depicted_person\" are contained in the image item that consists of the file(s) \"4ed53f4ce07e0e5a.jpg\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each one appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "4ed53f4ce07e0e5a"}
+{"answer": ["Georgetown University, founded 1789"], "answer_modalities": {"Georgetown University, founded 1789": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "667f155b780ab365", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_education_7ea35a3b32e7", "question": {"entity_types": ["depicted_person"], "files": ["667f155b780ab365.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"depicted_person\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"667f155b780ab365.jpg\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "667f155b780ab365"}
+{"answer": ["Hanan Salam", "Himanshi Lalwani", "Keya Shah"], "answer_modalities": {"Hanan Salam": ["pdf"], "Himanshi Lalwani": ["pdf"], "Keya Shah": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "6509fbc55d526203", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_education_4f4a124bfd0f", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["6509fbc55d526203.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"6509fbc55d526203.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "6509fbc55d526203"}
+{"answer": ["Hope School, 1925 - 1954"], "answer_modalities": {"Hope School, 1925 - 1954": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "ee2ed8f7ae0bd65d", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_education_01b008555d8b", "question": {"entity_types": ["depicted_person"], "files": ["ee2ed8f7ae0bd65d.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the type \"depicted_person\" are contained in the image item consisting of the file(s) \"ee2ed8f7ae0bd65d.jpg\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "ee2ed8f7ae0bd65d"}
+{"answer": ["Howard University"], "answer_modalities": {"Howard University": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "211f1f832f8c6934", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_education_072555dc02f8", "question": {"entity_types": ["depicted_person"], "files": ["211f1f832f8c6934.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"depicted_person\" are contained in the image item consisting of the file(s) \"211f1f832f8c6934.jpg\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "211f1f832f8c6934"}
+{"answer": ["Injun Baek", "Nojun Kwak", "Yearim Kim", "cs.CV"], "answer_modalities": {"Injun Baek": ["pdf"], "Nojun Kwak": ["pdf"], "Yearim Kim": ["pdf"], "cs.CV": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "18ac7fad30c5fb90", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_education_0e215b0d7c07", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["18ac7fad30c5fb90.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"18ac7fad30c5fb90.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "18ac7fad30c5fb90"}
+{"answer": ["Jaymark A. Yambao", "John Paul P. Miranda", "Jordan L. Salenga", "Juvy C. Grume", "Laharni S. Simpao", "Lester G. Loyola", "Madilaine Claire B. Nacianceno", "Rex P. Bringula"], "answer_modalities": {"Jaymark A. Yambao": ["pdf"], "John Paul P. Miranda": ["pdf"], "Jordan L. Salenga": ["pdf"], "Juvy C. Grume": ["pdf"], "Laharni S. Simpao": ["pdf"], "Lester G. Loyola": ["pdf"], "Madilaine Claire B. Nacianceno": ["pdf"], "Rex P. Bringula": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "e20986a7038e9649", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_education_5bc0100c4aab", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["e20986a7038e9649.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"e20986a7038e9649.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "e20986a7038e9649"}
+{"answer": ["Jesse Lee Greadington", "John Hope Franklin", "L. E. McKeller", "Unidentified Man or Men", "Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA)"], "answer_modalities": {"Jesse Lee Greadington": ["image"], "John Hope Franklin": ["image"], "L. E. McKeller": ["image"], "Unidentified Man or Men": ["image"], "Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA)": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "65f67955db057131", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_education_9a529403ecb7", "question": {"entity_types": ["depicted_person"], "files": ["65f67955db057131.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the type \"depicted_person\" are contained in the image item consisting of the file(s) \"65f67955db057131.jpg\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "65f67955db057131"}
+{"answer": ["Jiaye Yang", "Kandyce Brennan", "Tianlong Chen", "Xinyu Zhao", "cs.CY"], "answer_modalities": {"Jiaye Yang": ["pdf"], "Kandyce Brennan": ["pdf"], "Tianlong Chen": ["pdf"], "Xinyu Zhao": ["pdf"], "cs.CY": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "7986e81d86f50f34", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_education_ae0b59aa1b67", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["7986e81d86f50f34.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"7986e81d86f50f34.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "7986e81d86f50f34"}
+{"answer": ["Lucius Harper Jr."], "answer_modalities": {"Lucius Harper Jr.": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "68ec91f70d2d649e", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_education_dfd330f720eb", "question": {"entity_types": ["depicted_person"], "files": ["68ec91f70d2d649e.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"depicted_person\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"68ec91f70d2d649e.jpg\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "68ec91f70d2d649e"}
+{"answer": ["Mrityunjay Kumar", "Ritwik Murali", "cs.CY"], "answer_modalities": {"Mrityunjay Kumar": ["pdf"], "Ritwik Murali": ["pdf"], "cs.CY": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "d33920279147a546", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_education_8a6fb122ed07", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["d33920279147a546.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"d33920279147a546.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "d33920279147a546"}
+{"answer": ["Pounds, John"], "answer_modalities": {"Pounds, John": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "0b440c356cd2591c", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_education_fb9608d078cd", "question": {"entity_types": ["depicted_person"], "files": ["0b440c356cd2591c.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the type \"depicted_person\" are contained in the image item that consists of the file(s) \"0b440c356cd2591c.jpg\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each one appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "0b440c356cd2591c"}
+{"answer": ["Regina Egertion Wright, American"], "answer_modalities": {"Regina Egertion Wright, American": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "3982e9ea8f5a9620", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_education_79c2afc1ddaf", "question": {"entity_types": ["depicted_person"], "files": ["3982e9ea8f5a9620.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"depicted_person\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"3982e9ea8f5a9620.jpg\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "3982e9ea8f5a9620"}
+{"answer": ["Ricardo Almeida", "Rodrigo Tertulino", "cs.LG"], "answer_modalities": {"Ricardo Almeida": ["pdf"], "Rodrigo Tertulino": ["pdf"], "cs.LG": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "778947907897f877", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_education_7dfd6fc374b2", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["778947907897f877.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"778947907897f877.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "778947907897f877"}
+{"answer": ["Robert Kaufman", "cs.HC"], "answer_modalities": {"Robert Kaufman": ["pdf"], "cs.HC": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "11b4a7994e1720da", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_education_626bb7569d81", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["11b4a7994e1720da.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"11b4a7994e1720da.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "11b4a7994e1720da"}
+{"answer": ["Samuel Huston College", "Unidentified Man or Men", "Unidentified Woman or Women"], "answer_modalities": {"Samuel Huston College": ["image"], "Unidentified Man or Men": ["image"], "Unidentified Woman or Women": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "c14ee8228dccd3f9", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_education_b102dcedf314", "question": {"entity_types": ["depicted_person"], "files": ["c14ee8228dccd3f9.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"depicted_person\" are contained in the image item consisting of the file(s) \"c14ee8228dccd3f9.jpg\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "c14ee8228dccd3f9"}
+{"answer": ["The City University of New York", "York College / CUNY"], "answer_modalities": {"The City University of New York": ["image"], "York College / CUNY": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "a09b7fd9fde6f7ea", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_education_9c0dc2b5f9cd", "question": {"entity_types": ["depicted_person"], "files": ["a09b7fd9fde6f7ea.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"depicted_person\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"a09b7fd9fde6f7ea.jpg\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "a09b7fd9fde6f7ea"}
+{"answer": ["Tuskegee Institute"], "answer_modalities": {"Tuskegee Institute": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "48cf35fe17243729", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_education_6ea388f8518c", "question": {"entity_types": ["depicted_person"], "files": ["48cf35fe17243729.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"depicted_person\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"48cf35fe17243729.jpg\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "48cf35fe17243729"}
+{"answer": ["Wilberforce University"], "answer_modalities": {"Wilberforce University": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "2db57429563bd171", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_education_6d39245de937", "question": {"entity_types": ["depicted_person"], "files": ["2db57429563bd171.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the type \"depicted_person\" are contained in the image item that consists of the file(s) \"2db57429563bd171.jpg\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "2db57429563bd171"}
diff --git a/release/gold/T1/finance.jsonl b/release/gold/T1/finance.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..db96eee6b3a754f67abe4957f3735ae7307733e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/gold/T1/finance.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+{"answer": ["Ahrash Dianat", "Mikhail Freer", "econ.GN"], "answer_modalities": {"Ahrash Dianat": ["pdf"], "Mikhail Freer": ["pdf"], "econ.GN": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "821be0e8e9f4b18f", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_finance_b34decb1f31e", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["821be0e8e9f4b18f.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"821be0e8e9f4b18f.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "821be0e8e9f4b18f"}
+{"answer": ["Alfonso Dufour", "Atta Badii", "Ilia Zaznov", "Julian Kunkel", "cs.AI"], "answer_modalities": {"Alfonso Dufour": ["pdf"], "Atta Badii": ["pdf"], "Ilia Zaznov": ["pdf"], "Julian Kunkel": ["pdf"], "cs.AI": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "426dcf495c8f04e6", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_finance_b886c9a47294", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["426dcf495c8f04e6.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"426dcf495c8f04e6.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "426dcf495c8f04e6"}
+{"answer": ["Ali Tosyali", "Brett Hollenbeck", "Davide Proserpio", "Gijs Overgoor", "Sherry He", "cs.SI"], "answer_modalities": {"Ali Tosyali": ["pdf"], "Brett Hollenbeck": ["pdf"], "Davide Proserpio": ["pdf"], "Gijs Overgoor": ["pdf"], "Sherry He": ["pdf"], "cs.SI": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "b56271ec4979e35f", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_finance_394b2688404b", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["b56271ec4979e35f.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"b56271ec4979e35f.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "b56271ec4979e35f"}
+{"answer": ["Ali Zeytoon-Nejad"], "answer_modalities": {"Ali Zeytoon-Nejad": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "53409935891ba68d", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_finance_8c9c4c149cc5", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["53409935891ba68d.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"53409935891ba68d.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "53409935891ba68d"}
+{"answer": ["Alvear Guzman Katherine", "Campozano Buele Jenner"], "answer_modalities": {"Alvear Guzman Katherine": ["pdf"], "Campozano Buele Jenner": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "6f46fdbea9bec7e9", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_finance_4dc247156fab", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["6f46fdbea9bec7e9.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"6f46fdbea9bec7e9.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "6f46fdbea9bec7e9"}
+{"answer": ["Amrutha Muralidhar", "Muralidhar Lakkanna"], "answer_modalities": {"Amrutha Muralidhar": ["pdf"], "Muralidhar Lakkanna": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "599d403cbd8effe8", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_finance_56f832e65e4d", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["599d403cbd8effe8.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"599d403cbd8effe8.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "599d403cbd8effe8"}
+{"answer": ["An Chen", "Emanuele Borgonovo", "Massimo Marinacci", "Shihao Zhu", "q-fin.PM"], "answer_modalities": {"An Chen": ["pdf"], "Emanuele Borgonovo": ["pdf"], "Massimo Marinacci": ["pdf"], "Shihao Zhu": ["pdf"], "q-fin.PM": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "0c0a9b066e224e73", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_finance_fc07cba1a52d", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["0c0a9b066e224e73.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"0c0a9b066e224e73.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "0c0a9b066e224e73"}
+{"answer": ["Andrea Perchiazzo", "Edit Rroji", "Lorenzo Mercuri", "q-fin.MF"], "answer_modalities": {"Andrea Perchiazzo": ["pdf"], "Edit Rroji": ["pdf"], "Lorenzo Mercuri": ["pdf"], "q-fin.MF": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "a5390a404a9e429b", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_finance_8964b4595f55", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["a5390a404a9e429b.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"a5390a404a9e429b.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "a5390a404a9e429b"}
+{"answer": ["Anne MacKay", "Emmanuel Hamel", "Florence Paquette", "Tania Belabbas", "q-fin.CP"], "answer_modalities": {"Anne MacKay": ["pdf"], "Emmanuel Hamel": ["pdf"], "Florence Paquette": ["pdf"], "Tania Belabbas": ["pdf"], "q-fin.CP": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "e5708abebd6bb6d9", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_finance_2271d3ef6443", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["e5708abebd6bb6d9.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"e5708abebd6bb6d9.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "e5708abebd6bb6d9"}
+{"answer": ["Anubha Goel", "Juho Kanniainen", "Puneet Pasricha", "q-fin.RM"], "answer_modalities": {"Anubha Goel": ["pdf"], "Juho Kanniainen": ["pdf"], "Puneet Pasricha": ["pdf"], "q-fin.RM": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "47943b70adbe0a27", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_finance_b15f208b3aed", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["47943b70adbe0a27.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"47943b70adbe0a27.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "47943b70adbe0a27"}
+{"answer": ["Ashley Nunes", "Chung-Yi See", "Nick Loris", "Philip Rossetti"], "answer_modalities": {"Ashley Nunes": ["pdf"], "Chung-Yi See": ["pdf"], "Nick Loris": ["pdf"], "Philip Rossetti": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "17e700bdccf6bfee", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_finance_b347c33b0513", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["17e700bdccf6bfee.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"17e700bdccf6bfee.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "17e700bdccf6bfee"}
+{"answer": ["Beenish Amjad", "Denisa Sologon", "Jules Linden", "Nora Lustig", "Yang Wang"], "answer_modalities": {"Beenish Amjad": ["pdf"], "Denisa Sologon": ["pdf"], "Jules Linden": ["pdf"], "Nora Lustig": ["pdf"], "Yang Wang": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "7ab09714f661303a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_finance_f64a2ab64366", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["7ab09714f661303a.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"7ab09714f661303a.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "7ab09714f661303a"}
+{"answer": ["Beier Liu", "Haiyun Zhu", "q-fin.CP"], "answer_modalities": {"Beier Liu": ["pdf"], "Haiyun Zhu": ["pdf"], "q-fin.CP": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "720998a4edd92d2c", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_finance_dba3203191c7", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["720998a4edd92d2c.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"720998a4edd92d2c.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "720998a4edd92d2c"}
+{"answer": ["Brian P. Hanley"], "answer_modalities": {"Brian P. Hanley": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "6037576756aef0b7", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_finance_c66b850427e3", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["6037576756aef0b7.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"6037576756aef0b7.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "6037576756aef0b7"}
+{"answer": ["Brice Magdalou", "Emmanuelle Lavaine", "econ.GN"], "answer_modalities": {"Brice Magdalou": ["pdf"], "Emmanuelle Lavaine": ["pdf"], "econ.GN": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "9e1dcbc118ee4501", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_finance_28c70c994467", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["9e1dcbc118ee4501.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"9e1dcbc118ee4501.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "9e1dcbc118ee4501"}
+{"answer": ["Chao Huang", "Tianyu Fan", "Yangqin Jiang", "Yifei Zhang", "Yuhao Yang", "Yuxuan Chen", "q-fin.CP"], "answer_modalities": {"Chao Huang": ["pdf"], "Tianyu Fan": ["pdf"], "Yangqin Jiang": ["pdf"], "Yifei Zhang": ["pdf"], "Yuhao Yang": ["pdf"], "Yuxuan Chen": ["pdf"], "q-fin.CP": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "7a61ff28a4b8fe14", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_finance_af8d77173d1a", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["7a61ff28a4b8fe14.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"7a61ff28a4b8fe14.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "7a61ff28a4b8fe14"}
+{"answer": ["Charles Rahal", "Daniel Valdenegro Ibarra", "Gwilym Pryce", "Maria Petrillo", "Matthew R. Bennett", "Yanan Zhang", "econ.GN"], "answer_modalities": {"Charles Rahal": ["pdf"], "Daniel Valdenegro Ibarra": ["pdf"], "Gwilym Pryce": ["pdf"], "Maria Petrillo": ["pdf"], "Matthew R. Bennett": ["pdf"], "Yanan Zhang": ["pdf"], "econ.GN": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "ebfad252b285e1e8", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_finance_bf87c85dd0c4", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["ebfad252b285e1e8.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"ebfad252b285e1e8.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "ebfad252b285e1e8"}
+{"answer": ["Chintamani Bagwe"], "answer_modalities": {"Chintamani Bagwe": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "72850d7568463e47", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_finance_28aeae6595a5", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["72850d7568463e47.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"72850d7568463e47.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "72850d7568463e47"}
+{"answer": ["Cristiano Cantore", "Edoardo Leonardi", "econ.GN"], "answer_modalities": {"Cristiano Cantore": ["pdf"], "Edoardo Leonardi": ["pdf"], "econ.GN": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "6a5f77f6ba629a1c", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_finance_59b82188150c", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["6a5f77f6ba629a1c.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"6a5f77f6ba629a1c.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "6a5f77f6ba629a1c"}
+{"answer": ["Davide Stocco", "Lorenzo Viola", "Matteo Ghesini", "Michele Azzone", "q-fin.RM"], "answer_modalities": {"Davide Stocco": ["pdf"], "Lorenzo Viola": ["pdf"], "Matteo Ghesini": ["pdf"], "Michele Azzone": ["pdf"], "q-fin.RM": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "1f97455532f7f467", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_finance_fda0964b1135", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["1f97455532f7f467.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"1f97455532f7f467.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "1f97455532f7f467"}
+{"answer": ["Enrico Moretti", "Giacomo De Giorgi", "Harrison Wheeler", "econ.GN"], "answer_modalities": {"Enrico Moretti": ["pdf"], "Giacomo De Giorgi": ["pdf"], "Harrison Wheeler": ["pdf"], "econ.GN": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "02c919ea77bcf20a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_finance_0bbd55399d6f", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["02c919ea77bcf20a.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"02c919ea77bcf20a.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "02c919ea77bcf20a"}
+{"answer": ["Fabricio Oliveira", "Nikita Belyak", "Nikolay Khabarov", "Steven A. Gabriel", "math.OC"], "answer_modalities": {"Fabricio Oliveira": ["pdf"], "Nikita Belyak": ["pdf"], "Nikolay Khabarov": ["pdf"], "Steven A. Gabriel": ["pdf"], "math.OC": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "4d116f0fbf3e43b1", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_finance_c23753454b37", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["4d116f0fbf3e43b1.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"4d116f0fbf3e43b1.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "4d116f0fbf3e43b1"}
+{"answer": ["Galiya Klinkova", "Maike Tormählen", "Michael Grabinski", "stat.ME"], "answer_modalities": {"Galiya Klinkova": ["pdf"], "Maike Tormählen": ["pdf"], "Michael Grabinski": ["pdf"], "stat.ME": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "eae6c94a9383c372", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_finance_033132cb1d98", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["eae6c94a9383c372.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item that consists of the file(s) \"eae6c94a9383c372.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "eae6c94a9383c372"}
+{"answer": ["Gang Huang", "Qingyang Song", "Xiaohua Zhou"], "answer_modalities": {"Gang Huang": ["pdf"], "Qingyang Song": ["pdf"], "Xiaohua Zhou": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "4675b492f3c62fa6", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_finance_0eaad7d3583e", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["4675b492f3c62fa6.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", or \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"4675b492f3c62fa6.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "4675b492f3c62fa6"}
+{"answer": ["Germà Coenders", "Mike Hernandez-Romero"], "answer_modalities": {"Germà Coenders": ["pdf"], "Mike Hernandez-Romero": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "9cec2dec4bc45411", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_finance_99a7665f2541", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["9cec2dec4bc45411.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"9cec2dec4bc45411.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "9cec2dec4bc45411"}
+{"answer": ["Gregor Leimcke", "q-fin.PM"], "answer_modalities": {"Gregor Leimcke": ["pdf"], "q-fin.PM": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "60f8100e87b6d9bd", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_finance_797c740d6b17", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["60f8100e87b6d9bd.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"60f8100e87b6d9bd.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "60f8100e87b6d9bd"}
+{"answer": ["Haochuan", "Kevin", "Wang", "cs.LG", "q-fin.TR"], "answer_modalities": {"Haochuan": ["pdf"], "Kevin": ["pdf"], "Wang": ["pdf"], "cs.LG": ["pdf"], "q-fin.TR": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "5068ca5742554a6e", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_finance_77ac850c172e", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["5068ca5742554a6e.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"5068ca5742554a6e.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "5068ca5742554a6e"}
+{"answer": ["Jacob Toner Gosselin", "econ.GN"], "answer_modalities": {"Jacob Toner Gosselin": ["pdf"], "econ.GN": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "7abed3559ff1ab31", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_finance_745a5ee090b4", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["7abed3559ff1ab31.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"7abed3559ff1ab31.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "7abed3559ff1ab31"}
+{"answer": ["Jimmy Risk", "Shen-Ning Tung", "Tai-Ho Wang", "q-fin.TR"], "answer_modalities": {"Jimmy Risk": ["pdf"], "Shen-Ning Tung": ["pdf"], "Tai-Ho Wang": ["pdf"], "q-fin.TR": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "28f4b703470e8bf7", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_finance_a62e4bd56f03", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["28f4b703470e8bf7.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"28f4b703470e8bf7.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "28f4b703470e8bf7"}
+{"answer": ["Klaus Ackermann", "Paul A. Raschky", "Rhys Murrian", "econ.GN"], "answer_modalities": {"Klaus Ackermann": ["pdf"], "Paul A. Raschky": ["pdf"], "Rhys Murrian": ["pdf"], "econ.GN": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "2a951064ced735b3", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_finance_8504f045fe10", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["2a951064ced735b3.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"2a951064ced735b3.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "2a951064ced735b3"}
+{"answer": ["Kyle Feinstein", "Sheryl Chen", "Tony Wang", "q-fin.ST"], "answer_modalities": {"Kyle Feinstein": ["pdf"], "Sheryl Chen": ["pdf"], "Tony Wang": ["pdf"], "q-fin.ST": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "3d17a4729330e7d3", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_finance_901f0049e91c", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["3d17a4729330e7d3.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"3d17a4729330e7d3.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "3d17a4729330e7d3"}
+{"answer": ["Leonardo Baggiani", "Martin Herdegen", "q-fin.MF"], "answer_modalities": {"Leonardo Baggiani": ["pdf"], "Martin Herdegen": ["pdf"], "q-fin.MF": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "a5ed9b5f156a5bfc", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_finance_a9d1e3434d7d", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["a5ed9b5f156a5bfc.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"a5ed9b5f156a5bfc.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "a5ed9b5f156a5bfc"}
+{"answer": ["Masato Hisakado", "cond-mat.stat-mech"], "answer_modalities": {"Masato Hisakado": ["pdf"], "cond-mat.stat-mech": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "373c5b0e1fbd3b7e", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_finance_de8b7e4eac20", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["373c5b0e1fbd3b7e.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"373c5b0e1fbd3b7e.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "373c5b0e1fbd3b7e"}
+{"answer": ["Massimo Warglien", "econ.GN"], "answer_modalities": {"Massimo Warglien": ["pdf"], "econ.GN": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "806885cbd47a6cc7", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_finance_7f6b6e239cd5", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["806885cbd47a6cc7.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of type 'affiliation', 'author', or 'subject' are contained in the pdf item that consists of the file(s) '806885cbd47a6cc7.pdf', and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each one appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "806885cbd47a6cc7"}
+{"answer": ["Steven E. Pav", "q-fin.ST"], "answer_modalities": {"Steven E. Pav": ["pdf"], "q-fin.ST": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "a4d4289161bb04b8", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_finance_953630f6edc8", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["a4d4289161bb04b8.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", or \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"a4d4289161bb04b8.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "a4d4289161bb04b8"}
+{"answer": ["Timothée Fabre", "Vincent Ragel", "q-fin.TR"], "answer_modalities": {"Timothée Fabre": ["pdf"], "Vincent Ragel": ["pdf"], "q-fin.TR": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "57e179ade82605cc", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_finance_7dcc7cd7973a", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["57e179ade82605cc.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item that consists of the file(s) \"57e179ade82605cc.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "57e179ade82605cc"}
+{"answer": ["Umberto Cherubini", "q-fin.MF"], "answer_modalities": {"Umberto Cherubini": ["pdf"], "q-fin.MF": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "29d1519e8631fc69", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_finance_e60647f74e13", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["29d1519e8631fc69.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"29d1519e8631fc69.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "29d1519e8631fc69"}
+{"answer": ["econ.GN"], "answer_modalities": {"econ.GN": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "0cbe2c890718104d", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_finance_6bbe32430c25", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["0cbe2c890718104d.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"0cbe2c890718104d.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "0cbe2c890718104d"}
+{"answer": ["q-fin.MF"], "answer_modalities": {"q-fin.MF": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "429466652249af74", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_finance_b1a50ad0656a", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["429466652249af74.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"429466652249af74.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "429466652249af74"}
+{"answer": ["q-fin.MF"], "answer_modalities": {"q-fin.MF": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "94d8c9dbd434a7b9", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_finance_58dd5b8dc206", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["94d8c9dbd434a7b9.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"94d8c9dbd434a7b9.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "94d8c9dbd434a7b9"}
+{"answer": ["q-fin.RM"], "answer_modalities": {"q-fin.RM": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "22cc6337f63235fd", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_finance_d8ce5ece29ee", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["22cc6337f63235fd.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"22cc6337f63235fd.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "22cc6337f63235fd"}
diff --git a/release/gold/T1/games.jsonl b/release/gold/T1/games.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e54256c58e836c40e4a791f7073f8822a2d2d278
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/gold/T1/games.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+{"answer": ["Aditya Raikwar", "Behdokht Kiafar", "Gael Lucero-Palacios", "Mohammad Al-Ratrout", "Mohammad Fahim Abrar", "Roghayeh Leila Barmaki", "Shayla Sharmin", "cs.HC"], "answer_modalities": {"Aditya Raikwar": ["pdf"], "Behdokht Kiafar": ["pdf"], "Gael Lucero-Palacios": ["pdf"], "Mohammad Al-Ratrout": ["pdf"], "Mohammad Fahim Abrar": ["pdf"], "Roghayeh Leila Barmaki": ["pdf"], "Shayla Sharmin": ["pdf"], "cs.HC": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "103cf44c4bf5a671", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_games_26d856391f6e", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["103cf44c4bf5a671.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"103cf44c4bf5a671.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "103cf44c4bf5a671"}
+{"answer": ["Albert Wang", "Chase McDonald", "Eugene Vinitsky", "JB Lanier", "Nathan Tsang", "Roy Fox", "Tristan Maidment", "Wesley N. Kerr", "cs.LG"], "answer_modalities": {"Albert Wang": ["pdf"], "Chase McDonald": ["pdf"], "Eugene Vinitsky": ["pdf"], "JB Lanier": ["pdf"], "Nathan Tsang": ["pdf"], "Roy Fox": ["pdf"], "Tristan Maidment": ["pdf"], "Wesley N. Kerr": ["pdf"], "cs.LG": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "766bf2eecea276b9", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_games_ab7b20d620f3", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["766bf2eecea276b9.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"766bf2eecea276b9.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "766bf2eecea276b9"}
+{"answer": ["Alexander Duffy", "Dinesh Manocha", "Guangyao Shi", "Matthew Lyle Olson", "Tianyi Zhou", "Tyler Marques", "Xiyang Wu", "Zongxia Li", "cs.AI"], "answer_modalities": {"Alexander Duffy": ["pdf"], "Dinesh Manocha": ["pdf"], "Guangyao Shi": ["pdf"], "Matthew Lyle Olson": ["pdf"], "Tianyi Zhou": ["pdf"], "Tyler Marques": ["pdf"], "Xiyang Wu": ["pdf"], "Zongxia Li": ["pdf"], "cs.AI": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "a8bcbb449c7c5a10", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_games_e6e9e7901d8a", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["a8bcbb449c7c5a10.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"a8bcbb449c7c5a10.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "a8bcbb449c7c5a10"}
+{"answer": ["Alexis Hiniker", "Fannie Liu", "Hyunsung Cho", "JaeWon Kim", "cs.HC"], "answer_modalities": {"Alexis Hiniker": ["pdf"], "Fannie Liu": ["pdf"], "Hyunsung Cho": ["pdf"], "JaeWon Kim": ["pdf"], "cs.HC": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "30262b1c7a211acb", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_games_980b8063ae51", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["30262b1c7a211acb.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"30262b1c7a211acb.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "30262b1c7a211acb"}
+{"answer": ["Aline Czarnobai", "Andreas Krause", "Assefa S. Wahd", "Bernhard Schölkopf", "Bruce D. Lee", "Le Chen", "Philipp Fürnstahl", "Yunke Ao", "cs.LG"], "answer_modalities": {"Aline Czarnobai": ["pdf"], "Andreas Krause": ["pdf"], "Assefa S. Wahd": ["pdf"], "Bernhard Schölkopf": ["pdf"], "Bruce D. Lee": ["pdf"], "Le Chen": ["pdf"], "Philipp Fürnstahl": ["pdf"], "Yunke Ao": ["pdf"], "cs.LG": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "2a3691f4edfc103a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_games_eaec100c1eb6", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["2a3691f4edfc103a.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"2a3691f4edfc103a.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "2a3691f4edfc103a"}
+{"answer": ["Alvaro Velasquez", "Ashutosh Trivedi", "Lekai Chen", "cs.AI"], "answer_modalities": {"Alvaro Velasquez": ["pdf"], "Ashutosh Trivedi": ["pdf"], "Lekai Chen": ["pdf"], "cs.AI": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "77dd00f73c68fa56", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_games_558993112430", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["77dd00f73c68fa56.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" are contained in the PDF item that consists of the file(s) \"77dd00f73c68fa56.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "77dd00f73c68fa56"}
+{"answer": ["Ana Dodik", "Carmel Schare", "Clemens N. Klokmose", "David D. Clark", "David R. Karger", "Theia Henderson", "Ziv Epstein", "cs.SI"], "answer_modalities": {"Ana Dodik": ["pdf"], "Carmel Schare": ["pdf"], "Clemens N. Klokmose": ["pdf"], "David D. Clark": ["pdf"], "David R. Karger": ["pdf"], "Theia Henderson": ["pdf"], "Ziv Epstein": ["pdf"], "cs.SI": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "4926c036bb600dc6", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_games_d2212b492a52", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["4926c036bb600dc6.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"4926c036bb600dc6.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "4926c036bb600dc6"}
+{"answer": ["Andrea Fanti", "Roberto Capobianco", "cs.LG"], "answer_modalities": {"Andrea Fanti": ["pdf"], "Roberto Capobianco": ["pdf"], "cs.LG": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "0422bacb8ddd9da8", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_games_7aa46b2b9524", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["0422bacb8ddd9da8.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"0422bacb8ddd9da8.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "0422bacb8ddd9da8"}
+{"answer": ["Andreas Vlachos", "Georgi Karadzhov", "Tom Stafford", "Xiaochen Zhu", "cs.CL"], "answer_modalities": {"Andreas Vlachos": ["pdf"], "Georgi Karadzhov": ["pdf"], "Tom Stafford": ["pdf"], "Xiaochen Zhu": ["pdf"], "cs.CL": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "d5ac88b23744cf58", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_games_f2a3540f26ff", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["d5ac88b23744cf58.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"d5ac88b23744cf58.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "d5ac88b23744cf58"}
+{"answer": ["Aparajita Mondal", "Arka Majhi", "Satish B. Agnihotri", "cs.HC"], "answer_modalities": {"Aparajita Mondal": ["pdf"], "Arka Majhi": ["pdf"], "Satish B. Agnihotri": ["pdf"], "cs.HC": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "780163feece3f77c", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_games_dc97ab905803", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["780163feece3f77c.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"780163feece3f77c.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "780163feece3f77c"}
+{"answer": ["Ashish Baghel", "Paras Chopra", "cs.AI"], "answer_modalities": {"Ashish Baghel": ["pdf"], "Paras Chopra": ["pdf"], "cs.AI": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "51a28f75d86b6938", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_games_8824455f9043", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["51a28f75d86b6938.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"51a28f75d86b6938.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "51a28f75d86b6938"}
+{"answer": ["Augustin Chan", "cs.MA"], "answer_modalities": {"Augustin Chan": ["pdf"], "cs.MA": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "1722f79880588df2", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_games_dda0b0e34c49", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["1722f79880588df2.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"1722f79880588df2.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "1722f79880588df2"}
+{"answer": ["Bingyi Liu", "Ruiqi Chen", "Yan Guan", "Yibo Meng", "cs.HC"], "answer_modalities": {"Bingyi Liu": ["pdf"], "Ruiqi Chen": ["pdf"], "Yan Guan": ["pdf"], "Yibo Meng": ["pdf"], "cs.HC": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "6c29b2007876a840", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_games_1aa1e0bdb1db", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["6c29b2007876a840.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"6c29b2007876a840.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "6c29b2007876a840"}
+{"answer": ["Bo Du", "Dacheng Tao", "Mang Ye", "Wenke Huang", "Xuankun Rong", "cs.AI"], "answer_modalities": {"Bo Du": ["pdf"], "Dacheng Tao": ["pdf"], "Mang Ye": ["pdf"], "Wenke Huang": ["pdf"], "Xuankun Rong": ["pdf"], "cs.AI": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "a448552c7ffde9bd", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_games_bda04f6a1607", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["a448552c7ffde9bd.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"a448552c7ffde9bd.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "a448552c7ffde9bd"}
+{"answer": ["Cassidy R. Nelson"], "answer_modalities": {"Cassidy R. Nelson": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "1f9cdad4944ccbe5", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_games_6588befc64e7", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["1f9cdad4944ccbe5.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"1f9cdad4944ccbe5.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "1f9cdad4944ccbe5"}
+{"answer": ["Ching-I Huang", "Hsueh-Cheng Wang", "Lap-Fai Yu", "Liuchuan Yu"], "answer_modalities": {"Ching-I Huang": ["pdf"], "Hsueh-Cheng Wang": ["pdf"], "Lap-Fai Yu": ["pdf"], "Liuchuan Yu": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "68ea1c586dc35dd6", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_games_b3bf9da2b34e", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["68ea1c586dc35dd6.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"68ea1c586dc35dd6.pdf\", and in what modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "68ea1c586dc35dd6"}
+{"answer": ["Dawn Song", "Eric Fosler-Lussier", "Huan Sun", "Jaylen Jones", "Pierre-Luc St-Charles", "Yoshua Bengio", "Yu Su", "Yuting Ning", "Zhehao Zhang", "cs.CL"], "answer_modalities": {"Dawn Song": ["pdf"], "Eric Fosler-Lussier": ["pdf"], "Huan Sun": ["pdf"], "Jaylen Jones": ["pdf"], "Pierre-Luc St-Charles": ["pdf"], "Yoshua Bengio": ["pdf"], "Yu Su": ["pdf"], "Yuting Ning": ["pdf"], "Zhehao Zhang": ["pdf"], "cs.CL": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "8b138429fd3f3dfd", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_games_7e34600de5c6", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["8b138429fd3f3dfd.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"8b138429fd3f3dfd.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "8b138429fd3f3dfd"}
+{"answer": ["Diego Armando Resendez Prado", "cs.AI"], "answer_modalities": {"Diego Armando Resendez Prado": ["pdf"], "cs.AI": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "5fcb74cbc552b381", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_games_d4d740ec97b4", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["5fcb74cbc552b381.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"5fcb74cbc552b381.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "5fcb74cbc552b381"}
+{"answer": ["Dong In Kim", "Guizhong Liu", "Hongyang Du", "Weiqiang Jin", "cs.AI"], "answer_modalities": {"Dong In Kim": ["pdf"], "Guizhong Liu": ["pdf"], "Hongyang Du": ["pdf"], "Weiqiang Jin": ["pdf"], "cs.AI": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "29e54524e9c54781", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_games_9687c857c30d", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["29e54524e9c54781.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" are contained in the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"29e54524e9c54781.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "29e54524e9c54781"}
+{"answer": ["Dongxin Guo", "Jikun Wu", "Siu-Ming Yiu", "cs.GT"], "answer_modalities": {"Dongxin Guo": ["pdf"], "Jikun Wu": ["pdf"], "Siu-Ming Yiu": ["pdf"], "cs.GT": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "b3071680db93c0ea", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_games_061b1caa6faf", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["b3071680db93c0ea.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"b3071680db93c0ea.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "b3071680db93c0ea"}
+{"answer": ["Dongyu Xu", "Haifeng Zhang", "Jun Wang", "Shu Lin", "Weiyu Ma", "cs.AI", "cs.HC"], "answer_modalities": {"Dongyu Xu": ["pdf"], "Haifeng Zhang": ["pdf"], "Jun Wang": ["pdf"], "Shu Lin": ["pdf"], "Weiyu Ma": ["pdf"], "cs.AI": ["pdf"], "cs.HC": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "0136900c7507334a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_games_caef88e39f74", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["0136900c7507334a.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"0136900c7507334a.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "0136900c7507334a"}
+{"answer": ["Gianmarco Tedeschi", "Paolo Burelli", "Rune Kristian Lundedal Nielsen", "cs.HC"], "answer_modalities": {"Gianmarco Tedeschi": ["pdf"], "Paolo Burelli": ["pdf"], "Rune Kristian Lundedal Nielsen": ["pdf"], "cs.HC": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "71985339115c980c", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_games_5a0de25e61ba", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["71985339115c980c.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"71985339115c980c.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "71985339115c980c"}
+{"answer": ["Guanchu Wang", "Jialin Cui", "Jiang Bian", "Lei Wang", "Lingshuai Lin", "Liuzhou Zhang", "Qingbin Liu", "Qingshan Li", "Wai Lam", "Xi Chen", "Xinye Li", "cs.CV"], "answer_modalities": {"Guanchu Wang": ["pdf"], "Jialin Cui": ["pdf"], "Jiang Bian": ["pdf"], "Lei Wang": ["pdf"], "Lingshuai Lin": ["pdf"], "Liuzhou Zhang": ["pdf"], "Qingbin Liu": ["pdf"], "Qingshan Li": ["pdf"], "Wai Lam": ["pdf"], "Xi Chen": ["pdf"], "Xinye Li": ["pdf"], "cs.CV": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "6fdd8931be91b899", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_games_9cfea0f0ae69", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["6fdd8931be91b899.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"6fdd8931be91b899.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "6fdd8931be91b899"}
+{"answer": ["Hang Zheng", "Jiachen Zhu", "Jianghao Lin", "Rong Shan", "Te Gao", "Weinan Zhang", "Yong Yu", "Yunjia Xi", "Zeyu Zheng", "cs.CL"], "answer_modalities": {"Hang Zheng": ["pdf"], "Jiachen Zhu": ["pdf"], "Jianghao Lin": ["pdf"], "Rong Shan": ["pdf"], "Te Gao": ["pdf"], "Weinan Zhang": ["pdf"], "Yong Yu": ["pdf"], "Yunjia Xi": ["pdf"], "Zeyu Zheng": ["pdf"], "cs.CL": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "99c29e8f53cd2397", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_games_525eda0e72f0", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["99c29e8f53cd2397.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"99c29e8f53cd2397.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "99c29e8f53cd2397"}
+{"answer": ["Hao Chen", "Jicheng Wang", "Yifeng He", "Yinzhe Zhao", "cs.AI"], "answer_modalities": {"Hao Chen": ["pdf"], "Jicheng Wang": ["pdf"], "Yifeng He": ["pdf"], "Yinzhe Zhao": ["pdf"], "cs.AI": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "5fed85374e21bfcf", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_games_00f69653b57b", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["5fed85374e21bfcf.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"5fed85374e21bfcf.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "5fed85374e21bfcf"}
+{"answer": ["Haowen Wang", "Jiajun Wu", "Jian Yang", "Tuney Zheng", "Wei Zhang", "Xianglong Liu", "Yihang Lou", "cs.SE"], "answer_modalities": {"Haowen Wang": ["pdf"], "Jiajun Wu": ["pdf"], "Jian Yang": ["pdf"], "Tuney Zheng": ["pdf"], "Wei Zhang": ["pdf"], "Xianglong Liu": ["pdf"], "Yihang Lou": ["pdf"], "cs.SE": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "1f94b529eea6bc68", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_games_64e761899f5e", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["1f94b529eea6bc68.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"1f94b529eea6bc68.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "1f94b529eea6bc68"}
+{"answer": ["Hiroyuki Narusawa", "Masahiro Ootaki", "Tomoyuki Shishido", "cs.HC"], "answer_modalities": {"Hiroyuki Narusawa": ["pdf"], "Masahiro Ootaki": ["pdf"], "Tomoyuki Shishido": ["pdf"], "cs.HC": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "ccc1d50fad7f098c", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_games_57ba97e23a60", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["ccc1d50fad7f098c.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"ccc1d50fad7f098c.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "ccc1d50fad7f098c"}
+{"answer": ["Hongyi Tang", "Junze Li", "Qiaoyi Chen", "Qingyu Guo", "Xiaojuan Ma", "Xinyi Zhang", "Xinzhuang Xiong", "Yuheng Liu", "cs.HC"], "answer_modalities": {"Hongyi Tang": ["pdf"], "Junze Li": ["pdf"], "Qiaoyi Chen": ["pdf"], "Qingyu Guo": ["pdf"], "Xiaojuan Ma": ["pdf"], "Xinyi Zhang": ["pdf"], "Xinzhuang Xiong": ["pdf"], "Yuheng Liu": ["pdf"], "cs.HC": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "121f7ec0cdda168e", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_games_9852d89dc883", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["121f7ec0cdda168e.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"121f7ec0cdda168e.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "121f7ec0cdda168e"}
+{"answer": ["In-Chang Baek", "Julian Togelius", "Kyung-Joong Kim", "Noh Jin-Ha", "Sam Earle", "Zehua Jiang", "cs.AI"], "answer_modalities": {"In-Chang Baek": ["pdf"], "Julian Togelius": ["pdf"], "Kyung-Joong Kim": ["pdf"], "Noh Jin-Ha": ["pdf"], "Sam Earle": ["pdf"], "Zehua Jiang": ["pdf"], "cs.AI": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "2a8a580ae8b8c524", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_games_9ceb19a57ab6", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["2a8a580ae8b8c524.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"2a8a580ae8b8c524.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "2a8a580ae8b8c524"}
+{"answer": ["Jan Robine", "Stefan Harmeling", "cs.LG"], "answer_modalities": {"Jan Robine": ["pdf"], "Stefan Harmeling": ["pdf"], "cs.LG": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "c9778ab555e96114", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_games_cab711e3cec2", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["c9778ab555e96114.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"c9778ab555e96114.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "c9778ab555e96114"}
+{"answer": ["Jan Wielemaker", "Nicos Angelopoulos"], "answer_modalities": {"Jan Wielemaker": ["pdf"], "Nicos Angelopoulos": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "94121153013d2c1b", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_games_d7990c17ced7", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["94121153013d2c1b.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"94121153013d2c1b.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "94121153013d2c1b"}
+{"answer": ["Jesse Read", "Marie-Paule Cani", "Rim Kaddah", "Simo Alami C.", "cs.AI"], "answer_modalities": {"Jesse Read": ["pdf"], "Marie-Paule Cani": ["pdf"], "Rim Kaddah": ["pdf"], "Simo Alami C.": ["pdf"], "cs.AI": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "4507cfc4fd65528b", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_games_f2e181218d8f", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["4507cfc4fd65528b.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"4507cfc4fd65528b.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "4507cfc4fd65528b"}
+{"answer": ["Jiayuan Rao", "Shangzhe Di", "Weidi Xie", "Yirong Hu", "Yu Zhang", "cs.CV"], "answer_modalities": {"Jiayuan Rao": ["pdf"], "Shangzhe Di": ["pdf"], "Weidi Xie": ["pdf"], "Yirong Hu": ["pdf"], "Yu Zhang": ["pdf"], "cs.CV": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "15b85791bfcddfcf", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_games_ac9c57b0ea85", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["15b85791bfcddfcf.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"15b85791bfcddfcf.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "15b85791bfcddfcf"}
+{"answer": ["Jing Li", "Min Zhang", "Wu Li", "Yequan Wang", "Yigeng Zhou", "Zesheng Shi", "cs.CL"], "answer_modalities": {"Jing Li": ["pdf"], "Min Zhang": ["pdf"], "Wu Li": ["pdf"], "Yequan Wang": ["pdf"], "Yigeng Zhou": ["pdf"], "Zesheng Shi": ["pdf"], "cs.CL": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "0d5bf566ee8c2e66", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_games_e07a7fe8ecb6", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["0d5bf566ee8c2e66.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"0d5bf566ee8c2e66.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "0d5bf566ee8c2e66"}
+{"answer": ["Juho Kim", "Tuomas Sandholm", "cs.GT"], "answer_modalities": {"Juho Kim": ["pdf"], "Tuomas Sandholm": ["pdf"], "cs.GT": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "c4d3c2312f0bbe15", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_games_39d495eaa460", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["c4d3c2312f0bbe15.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"c4d3c2312f0bbe15.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "c4d3c2312f0bbe15"}
+{"answer": ["Julian De Freitas"], "answer_modalities": {"Julian De Freitas": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "c36bbaf9ec420a39", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_games_81cbd45ab7ab", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["c36bbaf9ec420a39.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"c36bbaf9ec420a39.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "c36bbaf9ec420a39"}
+{"answer": ["Luke Bailey", "Stephen Casper", "Tim Schreier", "cs.AI"], "answer_modalities": {"Luke Bailey": ["pdf"], "Stephen Casper": ["pdf"], "Tim Schreier": ["pdf"], "cs.AI": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "35bd992499671797", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_games_c1b3fa2018b0", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["35bd992499671797.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"35bd992499671797.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "35bd992499671797"}
+{"answer": ["Mai Pham", "Peter Chin", "Vikrant Vaze", "cs.LG"], "answer_modalities": {"Mai Pham": ["pdf"], "Peter Chin": ["pdf"], "Vikrant Vaze": ["pdf"], "cs.LG": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "86734241d6fd31ee", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_games_984862f8e428", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["86734241d6fd31ee.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"86734241d6fd31ee.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "86734241d6fd31ee"}
+{"answer": ["Srikar Kashyap Pulipaka", "cs.CL"], "answer_modalities": {"Srikar Kashyap Pulipaka": ["pdf"], "cs.CL": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "91b9a044121f8b77", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_games_718eb102604b", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["91b9a044121f8b77.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"91b9a044121f8b77.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "91b9a044121f8b77"}
+{"answer": ["Xinning Gui", "Yubo Kou", "Zinan Zhang"], "answer_modalities": {"Xinning Gui": ["pdf"], "Yubo Kou": ["pdf"], "Zinan Zhang": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "6b605c5f42e4ecb2", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_games_04d9c58082af", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["6b605c5f42e4ecb2.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"6b605c5f42e4ecb2.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "6b605c5f42e4ecb2"}
+{"answer": ["Zain Naboulsi", "cs.AI"], "answer_modalities": {"Zain Naboulsi": ["pdf"], "cs.AI": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "20422c94c969f7ad", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_games_91941b9cf3f5", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["20422c94c969f7ad.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"20422c94c969f7ad.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "20422c94c969f7ad"}
diff --git a/release/gold/T1/healthcare.jsonl b/release/gold/T1/healthcare.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4898f56df591023938a21b714265c7f7df064cda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/gold/T1/healthcare.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{"answer": ["AECC School of Chiropractic, Health Sciences University, Bournemouth, UK", "Amy Miller", "Centre for Workforce and Systems Innovation, Health Sciences University, Bournemouth, UK", "Chiropractic", "Dave Newell", "Health Services Research", "Qualitative Research"], "answer_modalities": {"AECC School of Chiropractic, Health Sciences University, Bournemouth, UK": ["pdf"], "Amy Miller": ["pdf"], "Centre for Workforce and Systems Innovation, Health Sciences University, Bournemouth, UK": ["pdf"], "Chiropractic": ["pdf"], "Dave Newell": ["pdf"], "Health Services Research": ["pdf"], "Qualitative Research": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "4de8b434bf16bc81", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_healthcare_81b57f8df385", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["4de8b434bf16bc81.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"4de8b434bf16bc81.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "4de8b434bf16bc81"}
+{"answer": ["Abayubá Perna Ramos", "Alejandra Urra Pincheira", "Carolina Barnett-Tapia", "Female", "Guillermo Romero Suárez", "Health Expenditures", "Juan Francisco Idiaquez Rios", "Karina Guerrero", "Latin America", "Lenin Peñaloza Miranda", "Myasthenia Gravis"], "answer_modalities": {"Abayubá Perna Ramos": ["pdf"], "Alejandra Urra Pincheira": ["pdf"], "Carolina Barnett-Tapia": ["pdf"], "Female": ["pdf"], "Guillermo Romero Suárez": ["pdf"], "Health Expenditures": ["pdf"], "Juan Francisco Idiaquez Rios": ["pdf"], "Karina Guerrero": ["pdf"], "Latin America": ["pdf"], "Lenin Peñaloza Miranda": ["pdf"], "Myasthenia Gravis": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "0071e3634ad8189f", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_healthcare_f676b735d025", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["0071e3634ad8189f.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"0071e3634ad8189f.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "0071e3634ad8189f"}
+{"answer": ["Abraham Kwadzo Ahiakpa", "Addis Ababa University, ETHIOPIA", "Catholic Hospital, Battor, Battor via Sogakope, Volta Region, Ghana", "Chrysantus Kubio", "Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Ghana Communication Technology University, Accra, Ghana", "Emmanuel Timmy Donkoh", "Female", "Ghana", "Iddrisu Wahab Abdul", "Isaac Williams", "Joseph Emmanuel Amuah", "Kofi Effah", "Rita Nyaaba Akologo", "School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada", "Screen and Treat Research Group, Centre for Research in Applied Biology, School of Sciences, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana", "Stephen Danyo", "Volta Regional Health Directorate, Ghana Health Service, Ho, Volta Region, Ghana"], "answer_modalities": {"Abraham Kwadzo Ahiakpa": ["pdf"], "Addis Ababa University, ETHIOPIA": ["pdf"], "Catholic Hospital, Battor, Battor via Sogakope, Volta Region, Ghana": ["pdf"], "Chrysantus Kubio": ["pdf"], "Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Ghana Communication Technology University, Accra, Ghana": ["pdf"], "Emmanuel Timmy Donkoh": ["pdf"], "Female": ["pdf"], "Ghana": ["pdf"], "Iddrisu Wahab Abdul": ["pdf"], "Isaac Williams": ["pdf"], "Joseph Emmanuel Amuah": ["pdf"], "Kofi Effah": ["pdf"], "Rita Nyaaba Akologo": ["pdf"], "School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada": ["pdf"], "Screen and Treat Research Group, Centre for Research in Applied Biology, School of Sciences, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana": ["pdf"], "Stephen Danyo": ["pdf"], "Volta Regional Health Directorate, Ghana Health Service, Ho, Volta Region, Ghana": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "799b9f117e90e8ef", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_healthcare_99d789e7df87", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["799b9f117e90e8ef.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"799b9f117e90e8ef.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "799b9f117e90e8ef"}
+{"answer": ["Adam Todd", "Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4", "Eila Watson", "Emma Hunt", "Farah Rehman", "Focus Groups", "Hazeline Terrado", "Henry Cain", "Jo Brett", "Linda Sharp", "Lucy McGeagh", "Mark Turner", "Medication Adherence", "Nicky Levitt", "Pearlin Teow", "Qualitative Research", "Sarah-Jane F Stewart"], "answer_modalities": {"Adam Todd": ["pdf"], "Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4": ["pdf"], "Eila Watson": ["pdf"], "Emma Hunt": ["pdf"], "Farah Rehman": ["pdf"], "Focus Groups": ["pdf"], "Hazeline Terrado": ["pdf"], "Henry Cain": ["pdf"], "Jo Brett": ["pdf"], "Linda Sharp": ["pdf"], "Lucy McGeagh": ["pdf"], "Mark Turner": ["pdf"], "Medication Adherence": ["pdf"], "Nicky Levitt": ["pdf"], "Pearlin Teow": ["pdf"], "Qualitative Research": ["pdf"], "Sarah-Jane F Stewart": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "4dede61e5fa6a256", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_healthcare_cb8696eb28be", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["4dede61e5fa6a256.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"4dede61e5fa6a256.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "4dede61e5fa6a256"}
+{"answer": ["Adolescent", "Child", "Dental Caries", "Department of Diagnostics and Surgery, School of dentistry, Paulista State University Julio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil", "Faculty of Dentistry, Dentistry School, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa, Perú", "Faculty of Dentistry, Dentistry School, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Chiclayo, Perú", "Faculty of Health Sciences, Stomatology School, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Perú", "Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Continental, Lima, 15046 Perú", "Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Privada del Norte, Lima, Perú", "Faculty of Human Medicine, Human Medicine School, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Chiclayo, Perú", "Faculty of Human Medicine, Universidad Nacional del Santa, Ancash, Perú", "Institute of Government and Public Management, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Perú", "Instituto Privado de Estadística e Investigación en Salud, Lima, Perú", "Parasitology Unit, Alexander von Humboldt Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú", "School of Public Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú"], "answer_modalities": {"Adolescent": ["pdf"], "Child": ["pdf"], "Dental Caries": ["pdf"], "Department of Diagnostics and Surgery, School of dentistry, Paulista State University Julio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil": ["pdf"], "Faculty of Dentistry, Dentistry School, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa, Perú": ["pdf"], "Faculty of Dentistry, Dentistry School, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Chiclayo, Perú": ["pdf"], "Faculty of Health Sciences, Stomatology School, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Perú": ["pdf"], "Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Continental, Lima, 15046 Perú": ["pdf"], "Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Privada del Norte, Lima, Perú": ["pdf"], "Faculty of Human Medicine, Human Medicine School, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Chiclayo, Perú": ["pdf"], "Faculty of Human Medicine, Universidad Nacional del Santa, Ancash, Perú": ["pdf"], "Institute of Government and Public Management, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Perú": ["pdf"], "Instituto Privado de Estadística e Investigación en Salud, Lima, Perú": ["pdf"], "Parasitology Unit, Alexander von Humboldt Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú": ["pdf"], "School of Public Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "f0f263936c9e2af6", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_healthcare_220abeeed6ca", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["f0f263936c9e2af6.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"f0f263936c9e2af6.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "f0f263936c9e2af6"}
+{"answer": ["Adult", "Aged", "Coralie Graham", "Culturally Competent Care", "Diabetes Mellitus", "Female", "Keycee Silang", "Leah East", "Primary Health Care", "School of Health University of New England Armidale New South Wales Australia", "School of Nursing and Midwifery University of Southern Queensland Toowoomba Queensland Australia", "School of Nursing and Midwifery, Centre for Health Research University of Southern Queensland Toowoomba Queensland Australia", "Transients and Migrants", "University of Southern Queensland. Toowoomba Queensland Australia", "Vainess Mbuzi"], "answer_modalities": {"Adult": ["pdf"], "Aged": ["pdf"], "Coralie Graham": ["pdf"], "Culturally Competent Care": ["pdf"], "Diabetes Mellitus": ["pdf"], "Female": ["pdf"], "Keycee Silang": ["pdf"], "Leah East": ["pdf"], "Primary Health Care": ["pdf"], "School of Health University of New England Armidale New South Wales Australia": ["pdf"], "School of Nursing and Midwifery University of Southern Queensland Toowoomba Queensland Australia": ["pdf"], "School of Nursing and Midwifery, Centre for Health Research University of Southern Queensland Toowoomba Queensland Australia": ["pdf"], "Transients and Migrants": ["pdf"], "University of Southern Queensland. Toowoomba Queensland Australia": ["pdf"], "Vainess Mbuzi": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "f627d5c265f18b59", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_healthcare_95cc4eab2621", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["f627d5c265f18b59.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"f627d5c265f18b59.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "f627d5c265f18b59"}
+{"answer": ["Adult", "Bethany Harries", "Bridget Dibb", "Help-Seeking Behavior", "Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms", "Male", "Mark Cropley", "Matthew Perry", "School of Psychology Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Surrey Guildford UK", "Stephen McIntosh"], "answer_modalities": {"Adult": ["pdf"], "Bethany Harries": ["pdf"], "Bridget Dibb": ["pdf"], "Help-Seeking Behavior": ["pdf"], "Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms": ["pdf"], "Male": ["pdf"], "Mark Cropley": ["pdf"], "Matthew Perry": ["pdf"], "School of Psychology Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Surrey Guildford UK": ["pdf"], "Stephen McIntosh": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "4ca39dff3088d449", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_healthcare_2baecb9350d3", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["4ca39dff3088d449.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"4ca39dff3088d449.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "4ca39dff3088d449"}
+{"answer": ["Adult", "Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy", "Eilidh McGowan", "Intestinal Failure", "Loris Pironi", "Maja Eckhardt", "Male", "School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK", "Simon Lal", "Sorrel Burden"], "answer_modalities": {"Adult": ["pdf"], "Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy": ["pdf"], "Eilidh McGowan": ["pdf"], "Intestinal Failure": ["pdf"], "Loris Pironi": ["pdf"], "Maja Eckhardt": ["pdf"], "Male": ["pdf"], "School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK": ["pdf"], "Simon Lal": ["pdf"], "Sorrel Burden": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "ed520f34080572bf", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_healthcare_0706046bbf8d", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["ed520f34080572bf.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"ed520f34080572bf.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "ed520f34080572bf"}
+{"answer": ["Aged", "Binghua Lan", "Gan Li", "Jinjiao Yang", "Le Guo", "Mei He", "Songye Zhao", "Ying Tan", "Yuan Zhao", "Yunpeng Su"], "answer_modalities": {"Aged": ["pdf"], "Binghua Lan": ["pdf"], "Gan Li": ["pdf"], "Jinjiao Yang": ["pdf"], "Le Guo": ["pdf"], "Mei He": ["pdf"], "Songye Zhao": ["pdf"], "Ying Tan": ["pdf"], "Yuan Zhao": ["pdf"], "Yunpeng Su": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "9f7a19d05ad000e0", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_healthcare_92b292d78141", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["9f7a19d05ad000e0.pdf"], "text": "What entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"9f7a19d05ad000e0.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "9f7a19d05ad000e0"}
+{"answer": ["Ahmet Furkan Mazlum", "Berke Cenktug Korucu", "Department of Cardiology, Dr. Siyami Ersek Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Research and Training Hospital, 34668 Istanbul, Turkey", "Department of Internal Medicine, Rutgers\\Robert Wood Johnson Barnabas Health, Jersey City Medical Center, Jersey City, NJ 07302, USA", "Faysal Saylik", "Hatice Altinisik", "Machine & Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA", "Mahmut Salih Genc", "Mert Babaoglu", "Mert Ilker Hayiroglu", "Mustafa Oguz", "Samet Yavuz", "School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA", "Tufan Cinar", "Ulas Bagci", "Van Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Health Sciences University, 65300 Van, Turkey", "Vedat Cicek"], "answer_modalities": {"Ahmet Furkan Mazlum": ["pdf"], "Berke Cenktug Korucu": ["pdf"], "Department of Cardiology, Dr. Siyami Ersek Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Research and Training Hospital, 34668 Istanbul, Turkey": ["pdf"], "Department of Internal Medicine, Rutgers\\Robert Wood Johnson Barnabas Health, Jersey City Medical Center, Jersey City, NJ 07302, USA": ["pdf"], "Faysal Saylik": ["pdf"], "Hatice Altinisik": ["pdf"], "Machine & Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA": ["pdf"], "Mahmut Salih Genc": ["pdf"], "Mert Babaoglu": ["pdf"], "Mert Ilker Hayiroglu": ["pdf"], "Mustafa Oguz": ["pdf"], "Samet Yavuz": ["pdf"], "School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA": ["pdf"], "Tufan Cinar": ["pdf"], "Ulas Bagci": ["pdf"], "Van Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Health Sciences University, 65300 Van, Turkey": ["pdf"], "Vedat Cicek": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "22d50973dbcad790", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_healthcare_143a3a21405e", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["22d50973dbcad790.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"22d50973dbcad790.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "22d50973dbcad790"}
+{"answer": ["Alessandro Rodolico", "Alkomiet Hasan", "Amr ElDeeb", "Antonio di Francesco", "Bernhard König", "Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany", "Claudia Leucht", "Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy", "Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Ismaningerstrasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany", "Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany", "Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany", "Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands", "Department of Psychosis Studies‚ Institute of Psychiatry‚ Psychology and Neuroscience‚ King’s College, London, United Kingdom", "District Hospital Kempten, Kempten, Germany", "German Center for Mental Health (Partner Site Berlin), Berlin, Germany", "German Center for Mental Health (Partner Site Munich-Augsburg), Munich, Germany", "Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany", "Jim van Os", "Jochen Gensichen", "Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA", "Josef Priller", "KBO-Inn-Salzach Klinikum, Wasserburg Am Inn, Germany", "Kerem Böge", "King’s College London, London, UK", "Markus Jäger", "Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany", "Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg, Neuruppin, Germany", "Mental Disorders", "Neuropsychiatry, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Deutsches Zentrum Für Neurodegenerative Störungen, 10117 Berlin, Germany", "Peter Bechmann", "Praxis Deisenhofen, Jägerstr. 16a, 82041 Oberhaching, Germany", "Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA", "Psychiatry", "Psychotherapy", "Stefan Leucht", "Steffen Moritz", "University of Edinburgh and UK DRI, Edinburgh, UK", "Wolfgang Strube"], "answer_modalities": {"Alessandro Rodolico": ["pdf"], "Alkomiet Hasan": ["pdf"], "Amr ElDeeb": ["pdf"], "Antonio di Francesco": ["pdf"], "Bernhard König": ["pdf"], "Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany": ["pdf"], "Claudia Leucht": ["pdf"], "Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy": ["pdf"], "Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Ismaningerstrasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany": ["pdf"], "Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany": ["pdf"], "Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany": ["pdf"], "Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands": ["pdf"], "Department of Psychosis Studies‚ Institute of Psychiatry‚ Psychology and Neuroscience‚ King’s College, London, United Kingdom": ["pdf"], "District Hospital Kempten, Kempten, Germany": ["pdf"], "German Center for Mental Health (Partner Site Berlin), Berlin, Germany": ["pdf"], "German Center for Mental Health (Partner Site Munich-Augsburg), Munich, Germany": ["pdf"], "Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany": ["pdf"], "Jim van Os": ["pdf"], "Jochen Gensichen": ["pdf"], "Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA": ["pdf"], "Josef Priller": ["pdf"], "KBO-Inn-Salzach Klinikum, Wasserburg Am Inn, Germany": ["pdf"], "Kerem Böge": ["pdf"], "King’s College London, London, UK": ["pdf"], "Markus Jäger": ["pdf"], "Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany": ["pdf"], "Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg, Neuruppin, Germany": ["pdf"], "Mental Disorders": ["pdf"], "Neuropsychiatry, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Deutsches Zentrum Für Neurodegenerative Störungen, 10117 Berlin, Germany": ["pdf"], "Peter Bechmann": ["pdf"], "Praxis Deisenhofen, Jägerstr. 16a, 82041 Oberhaching, Germany": ["pdf"], "Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA": ["pdf"], "Psychiatry": ["pdf"], "Psychotherapy": ["pdf"], "Stefan Leucht": ["pdf"], "Steffen Moritz": ["pdf"], "University of Edinburgh and UK DRI, Edinburgh, UK": ["pdf"], "Wolfgang Strube": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "60d5b5767f00a709", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_healthcare_8a75c44db6ec", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["60d5b5767f00a709.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"60d5b5767f00a709.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each one appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "60d5b5767f00a709"}
+{"answer": ["Alice Marcela Sampaio Del Colletto", "Ana Claudia Oliveira Carreira", "Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05588-000, SP, Brazil", "Biotechnology Graduate Program (PPG-USP), University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil", "Bruna Andrade Aguiar Koga", "Luiz Augusto Santana Silva", "Mari Cleide Sogayar", "PathoDxVet, São Paulo 02925-000, SP, Brazil", "Surgery Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil", "Thamara Gonçalves Reis"], "answer_modalities": {"Alice Marcela Sampaio Del Colletto": ["pdf"], "Ana Claudia Oliveira Carreira": ["pdf"], "Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05588-000, SP, Brazil": ["pdf"], "Biotechnology Graduate Program (PPG-USP), University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil": ["pdf"], "Bruna Andrade Aguiar Koga": ["pdf"], "Luiz Augusto Santana Silva": ["pdf"], "Mari Cleide Sogayar": ["pdf"], "PathoDxVet, São Paulo 02925-000, SP, Brazil": ["pdf"], "Surgery Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil": ["pdf"], "Thamara Gonçalves Reis": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "c2baca2e27cf1a15", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_healthcare_11299eacd488", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["c2baca2e27cf1a15.pdf"], "text": "What entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item that consists of the file(s) \"c2baca2e27cf1a15.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "c2baca2e27cf1a15"}
+{"answer": ["Alyaa Ashraf", "Ashraf Nabhan", "Contraception", "Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Ramses Street, Cairo, Egypt", "Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health including UNDP/UNFPA/ UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland", "Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt", "Family Planning Services", "Fatma Elghamry", "Health Services", "James Kiarie", "Rita Kabra"], "answer_modalities": {"Alyaa Ashraf": ["pdf"], "Ashraf Nabhan": ["pdf"], "Contraception": ["pdf"], "Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Ramses Street, Cairo, Egypt": ["pdf"], "Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health including UNDP/UNFPA/ UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland": ["pdf"], "Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt": ["pdf"], "Family Planning Services": ["pdf"], "Fatma Elghamry": ["pdf"], "Health Services": ["pdf"], "James Kiarie": ["pdf"], "Rita Kabra": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "66df612ef060e32a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_healthcare_b82473ac28fa", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["66df612ef060e32a.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", or \"subject\" are contained in the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"66df612ef060e32a.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "66df612ef060e32a"}
+{"answer": ["Anastasia Ntikoudi", "Anastasia Papachristou", "COVID-19", "Christos Triantafyllou", "Greece", "Health Policy", "Joao Breda", "Public Health", "Public Health Infrastructure", "Vion Psiakis"], "answer_modalities": {"Anastasia Ntikoudi": ["pdf"], "Anastasia Papachristou": ["pdf"], "COVID-19": ["pdf"], "Christos Triantafyllou": ["pdf"], "Greece": ["pdf"], "Health Policy": ["pdf"], "Joao Breda": ["pdf"], "Public Health": ["pdf"], "Public Health Infrastructure": ["pdf"], "Vion Psiakis": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "2ffe9589d10b1e44", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_healthcare_b5c6a160bb41", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["2ffe9589d10b1e44.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"2ffe9589d10b1e44.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "2ffe9589d10b1e44"}
+{"answer": ["Andrew Siang Ee Chan", "Crystal Min Siu Chua", "MOH Office for Healthcare Transformation Singapore Singapore", "NUS Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Singapore Singapore", "Pharmaceutical Services", "Rachel Lai Kay Chong", "Telemedicine", "Yi Feng Lai"], "answer_modalities": {"Andrew Siang Ee Chan": ["pdf"], "Crystal Min Siu Chua": ["pdf"], "MOH Office for Healthcare Transformation Singapore Singapore": ["pdf"], "NUS Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Singapore Singapore": ["pdf"], "Pharmaceutical Services": ["pdf"], "Rachel Lai Kay Chong": ["pdf"], "Telemedicine": ["pdf"], "Yi Feng Lai": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "b7e2bdce74586a91", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_healthcare_32c74f561a80", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["b7e2bdce74586a91.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"b7e2bdce74586a91.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "b7e2bdce74586a91"}
+{"answer": ["Annick Bogaerts", "Erik Franck", "Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre for Research and Innovation in Care (CRIC), University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Gebouw S, Universiteitsplein 1, WilrijkAntwerp, 2610 Belgium", "Faculty of Medicine, Department of Development and Regeneration, Women and Child, KU Leuven, Building ‘Onderwijs en Navorsing 2’, Herestraat 49, Louvain, 3000 Belgium", "Mental Health", "Mia Massaer", "Olaf Timmermans", "Postpartum Period", "Pregnancy", "Psychological Well-Being", "Research & Expertise, Resilient People, UC Leuven-Limburg, Quadrigebouw, Wetenschapspark 21, Diepenbeek, 3590 Belgium", "Research Group Healthy Region, HZ University of Applied Sciences, Edisonweg 4, Vlissingen, 4382 NW Netherlands", "Sarah Van Haeken"], "answer_modalities": {"Annick Bogaerts": ["pdf"], "Erik Franck": ["pdf"], "Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre for Research and Innovation in Care (CRIC), University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Gebouw S, Universiteitsplein 1, WilrijkAntwerp, 2610 Belgium": ["pdf"], "Faculty of Medicine, Department of Development and Regeneration, Women and Child, KU Leuven, Building ‘Onderwijs en Navorsing 2’, Herestraat 49, Louvain, 3000 Belgium": ["pdf"], "Mental Health": ["pdf"], "Mia Massaer": ["pdf"], "Olaf Timmermans": ["pdf"], "Postpartum Period": ["pdf"], "Pregnancy": ["pdf"], "Psychological Well-Being": ["pdf"], "Research & Expertise, Resilient People, UC Leuven-Limburg, Quadrigebouw, Wetenschapspark 21, Diepenbeek, 3590 Belgium": ["pdf"], "Research Group Healthy Region, HZ University of Applied Sciences, Edisonweg 4, Vlissingen, 4382 NW Netherlands": ["pdf"], "Sarah Van Haeken": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "b489299c819d5b39", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_healthcare_cb736c60e3cc", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["b489299c819d5b39.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"b489299c819d5b39.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "b489299c819d5b39"}
+{"answer": ["Antonino Restuccia", "Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, Campus “Salvatore Venuta”, Viale Europa, Catanzaro, 88100 Italy", "Department of Medicine and Heath Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy", "Francesco Cicone", "Francesco Grillone", "Giulia Santo", "Giuseppe Lucio Cascini", "Helena Rosarno", "Medical Oncology Unit, “Pugliese-Ciaccio” Hospital, “Renato Dulbecco” University Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy", "Nuclear Medicine Unit, “Mater Domini” Hospital, “Renato Dulbecco” University Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy"], "answer_modalities": {"Antonino Restuccia": ["pdf"], "Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, Campus “Salvatore Venuta”, Viale Europa, Catanzaro, 88100 Italy": ["pdf"], "Department of Medicine and Heath Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy": ["pdf"], "Francesco Cicone": ["pdf"], "Francesco Grillone": ["pdf"], "Giulia Santo": ["pdf"], "Giuseppe Lucio Cascini": ["pdf"], "Helena Rosarno": ["pdf"], "Medical Oncology Unit, “Pugliese-Ciaccio” Hospital, “Renato Dulbecco” University Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy": ["pdf"], "Nuclear Medicine Unit, “Mater Domini” Hospital, “Renato Dulbecco” University Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "ee8f7e75b9570f9a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_healthcare_1bd5bf58b446", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["ee8f7e75b9570f9a.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"ee8f7e75b9570f9a.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "ee8f7e75b9570f9a"}
+{"answer": ["Astellas Pharma Canada, 675 Cochrane Drive, Suite 650 West Tower, Markham, ON L3R 0B8, Canada", "Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Center, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G5, Canada", "Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A2, Canada", "Department of Radiation Oncology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada", "Edward Yu", "Faculty of Nursing, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordon, Airport Street, 11118 Amman, Jordan", "Female", "Kelvin Wong", "Kurian Joseph", "Male", "Omar Alqaisi", "Patricia Tai", "Quality of Life", "Suhair Al-Ghabeesh"], "answer_modalities": {"Astellas Pharma Canada, 675 Cochrane Drive, Suite 650 West Tower, Markham, ON L3R 0B8, Canada": ["pdf"], "Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Center, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G5, Canada": ["pdf"], "Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A2, Canada": ["pdf"], "Department of Radiation Oncology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada": ["pdf"], "Edward Yu": ["pdf"], "Faculty of Nursing, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordon, Airport Street, 11118 Amman, Jordan": ["pdf"], "Female": ["pdf"], "Kelvin Wong": ["pdf"], "Kurian Joseph": ["pdf"], "Male": ["pdf"], "Omar Alqaisi": ["pdf"], "Patricia Tai": ["pdf"], "Quality of Life": ["pdf"], "Suhair Al-Ghabeesh": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "cb4bf71103c238bd", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_healthcare_0533dd458849", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["cb4bf71103c238bd.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"cb4bf71103c238bd.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "cb4bf71103c238bd"}
+{"answer": ["Australia", "Department of Development Economics, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain", "Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece", "Europe", "Francesco Alessandro Massucci", "Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA", "Humans", "Ido Alon", "Mines Paristech, Paris, France", "North America", "Reproductive Techniques, Assisted", "SIRIS Lab, Research Division of SIRIS Academic, Barcelona, Spain", "Theofano Bounartzi", "University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada", "Vardit Ravitsky", "Zacharie Chebance"], "answer_modalities": {"Australia": ["pdf"], "Department of Development Economics, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain": ["pdf"], "Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece": ["pdf"], "Europe": ["pdf"], "Francesco Alessandro Massucci": ["pdf"], "Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA": ["pdf"], "Humans": ["pdf"], "Ido Alon": ["pdf"], "Mines Paristech, Paris, France": ["pdf"], "North America": ["pdf"], "Reproductive Techniques, Assisted": ["pdf"], "SIRIS Lab, Research Division of SIRIS Academic, Barcelona, Spain": ["pdf"], "Theofano Bounartzi": ["pdf"], "University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada": ["pdf"], "Vardit Ravitsky": ["pdf"], "Zacharie Chebance": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "7a99e5406466bd7b", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_healthcare_c7f36bd2fa29", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["7a99e5406466bd7b.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"7a99e5406466bd7b.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "7a99e5406466bd7b"}
+{"answer": ["Bariatric Unit, South Tyneside and Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust, North East, Sunderland, UK", "Brijesh Madhok", "Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK", "Christian Ludwig", "Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands UK", "Faculdad de Pyscologia, Universidad Anahuac, Anahuac, Naucalpan de Juárez, Mexico", "Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, North East, Sunderland, UK", "General Surgery Department, Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, North West, Wirral, UK", "Healthier Weight, Birmingham, UK", "Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK", "Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands UK", "Islam Omar", "Kamal Mahawar", "Pediatric Accidents and Emergencies Department, London Northwest University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK", "Rishi Singhal", "Tom Wiggins", "Upper GI unit, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Bordesley Green East, Birmingham, West Midlands B9 5SS UK", "Upper GI unit, University Hospital of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, East Midlands, Derby, UK", "Yashasvi Rajeev", "Yitka Graham"], "answer_modalities": {"Bariatric Unit, South Tyneside and Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust, North East, Sunderland, UK": ["pdf"], "Brijesh Madhok": ["pdf"], "Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK": ["pdf"], "Christian Ludwig": ["pdf"], "Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands UK": ["pdf"], "Faculdad de Pyscologia, Universidad Anahuac, Anahuac, Naucalpan de Juárez, Mexico": ["pdf"], "Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, North East, Sunderland, UK": ["pdf"], "General Surgery Department, Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, North West, Wirral, UK": ["pdf"], "Healthier Weight, Birmingham, UK": ["pdf"], "Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK": ["pdf"], "Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands UK": ["pdf"], "Islam Omar": ["pdf"], "Kamal Mahawar": ["pdf"], "Pediatric Accidents and Emergencies Department, London Northwest University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK": ["pdf"], "Rishi Singhal": ["pdf"], "Tom Wiggins": ["pdf"], "Upper GI unit, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Bordesley Green East, Birmingham, West Midlands B9 5SS UK": ["pdf"], "Upper GI unit, University Hospital of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, East Midlands, Derby, UK": ["pdf"], "Yashasvi Rajeev": ["pdf"], "Yitka Graham": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "c05ad93f664f5202", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_healthcare_6e33d91fb507", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["c05ad93f664f5202.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"c05ad93f664f5202.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "c05ad93f664f5202"}
+{"answer": ["Bentonite", "Boniek Castillo Dutra Borges", "Bárbara Faria Sa de Barbosa", "Cetylpyridinium", "Clay", "College of Dentistry Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE) Arcoverde Pernambuco Brazil", "Dental Caries", "Dental Materials", "Department of Dentistry Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil", "Department of Operative Dentistry, College of Dentistry University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa USA", "Francisca Jennifer Duarte de Oliveira", "Group of Chemistry of Advanced Materials (GQMat), Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) Fortaleza Ceará Brazil", "José Leôncio Ferreira Neto", "Juliana Sales Osterno Leitão", "Moan Jéfter Fernandes Costa", "Nanostructures", "Nanotubes", "Pierre Basílio Almeida Fechine", "Victor Pinheiro Feitosa"], "answer_modalities": {"Bentonite": ["pdf"], "Boniek Castillo Dutra Borges": ["pdf"], "Bárbara Faria Sa de Barbosa": ["pdf"], "Cetylpyridinium": ["pdf"], "Clay": ["pdf"], "College of Dentistry Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE) Arcoverde Pernambuco Brazil": ["pdf"], "Dental Caries": ["pdf"], "Dental Materials": ["pdf"], "Department of Dentistry Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil": ["pdf"], "Department of Operative Dentistry, College of Dentistry University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa USA": ["pdf"], "Francisca Jennifer Duarte de Oliveira": ["pdf"], "Group of Chemistry of Advanced Materials (GQMat), Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) Fortaleza Ceará Brazil": ["pdf"], "José Leôncio Ferreira Neto": ["pdf"], "Juliana Sales Osterno Leitão": ["pdf"], "Moan Jéfter Fernandes Costa": ["pdf"], "Nanostructures": ["pdf"], "Nanotubes": ["pdf"], "Pierre Basílio Almeida Fechine": ["pdf"], "Victor Pinheiro Feitosa": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "cb8981abf5091c52", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_healthcare_ab3094741d94", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["cb8981abf5091c52.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"cb8981abf5091c52.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "cb8981abf5091c52"}
+{"answer": ["Bernadette Khoshaba", "Biostatistics & Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK", "Erin Letbe-Holder", "Fiona Hackett", "Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK", "Hema Chaplin", "Improvement Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK", "Kathryn Watson", "Kia-Chong Chua", "Manuela Russo", "Maria Milenova", "Richard Morton"], "answer_modalities": {"Bernadette Khoshaba": ["pdf"], "Biostatistics & Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK": ["pdf"], "Erin Letbe-Holder": ["pdf"], "Fiona Hackett": ["pdf"], "Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK": ["pdf"], "Hema Chaplin": ["pdf"], "Improvement Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK": ["pdf"], "Kathryn Watson": ["pdf"], "Kia-Chong Chua": ["pdf"], "Manuela Russo": ["pdf"], "Maria Milenova": ["pdf"], "Richard Morton": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "5b65bec4b9c0c4a7", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_healthcare_3224336069a9", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["5b65bec4b9c0c4a7.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"5b65bec4b9c0c4a7.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "5b65bec4b9c0c4a7"}
+{"answer": ["Brooke Gully", "Ellie Whitney", "Health Equity", "Maternal Health", "Obstetrics", "Paige Johnson", "Pregnancy", "Shanna Combs", "United States"], "answer_modalities": {"Brooke Gully": ["pdf"], "Ellie Whitney": ["pdf"], "Health Equity": ["pdf"], "Maternal Health": ["pdf"], "Obstetrics": ["pdf"], "Paige Johnson": ["pdf"], "Pregnancy": ["pdf"], "Shanna Combs": ["pdf"], "United States": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "58972f90fe4c1a0d", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_healthcare_762706889625", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["58972f90fe4c1a0d.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"58972f90fe4c1a0d.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "58972f90fe4c1a0d"}
+{"answer": ["Bryony Dean Franklin", "Department of Nursing Science, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland", "JBI Finnish Centre for Evidence-Based Health Care, Helsinki, Finland", "Laura Jukarainen", "Marja Härkänen", "Medication Errors", "Minna Mykkänen", "NIHR North West London Patient Safety Research Collaboration, London, UK", "Non-Medical Prescribing", "Prevalence", "Research Centre for Nursing Science and Social and Health Management, Kuopio University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Savo, Kuopio, Finland", "Saija Koskiniemi", "School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK", "Tiina Syyrilä", "Virpi Jylhä", "Wellbeing Services County of North Savo, Kuopio, Finland"], "answer_modalities": {"Bryony Dean Franklin": ["pdf"], "Department of Nursing Science, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland": ["pdf"], "JBI Finnish Centre for Evidence-Based Health Care, Helsinki, Finland": ["pdf"], "Laura Jukarainen": ["pdf"], "Marja Härkänen": ["pdf"], "Medication Errors": ["pdf"], "Minna Mykkänen": ["pdf"], "NIHR North West London Patient Safety Research Collaboration, London, UK": ["pdf"], "Non-Medical Prescribing": ["pdf"], "Prevalence": ["pdf"], "Research Centre for Nursing Science and Social and Health Management, Kuopio University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Savo, Kuopio, Finland": ["pdf"], "Saija Koskiniemi": ["pdf"], "School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK": ["pdf"], "Tiina Syyrilä": ["pdf"], "Virpi Jylhä": ["pdf"], "Wellbeing Services County of North Savo, Kuopio, Finland": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "fb54f6be13664cf7", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_healthcare_a71a7bc43c72", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["fb54f6be13664cf7.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"fb54f6be13664cf7.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "fb54f6be13664cf7"}
+{"answer": ["Canada", "Centre for Education and Research on Aging and Health, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1 Canada", "Department of Health Sciences, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1 Canada", "Katherine Kortes-Miller", "Lynn Martin", "Natasha Magyar", "Palliative Care", "School of Social Work, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1 Canada"], "answer_modalities": {"Canada": ["pdf"], "Centre for Education and Research on Aging and Health, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1 Canada": ["pdf"], "Department of Health Sciences, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1 Canada": ["pdf"], "Katherine Kortes-Miller": ["pdf"], "Lynn Martin": ["pdf"], "Natasha Magyar": ["pdf"], "Palliative Care": ["pdf"], "School of Social Work, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1 Canada": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "cb491353725c2783", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_healthcare_598510a04487", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["cb491353725c2783.pdf"], "text": "What entities of type \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item that consists of the file(s) \"cb491353725c2783.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "cb491353725c2783"}
+{"answer": ["Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal", "Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal", "Gustavo Vicentis Oliveira Fernandes", "Nélio Veiga", "Patrícia Correia", "Patrícia Couto", "Pedro Lopes", "Periodontics and Oral Medicine Department, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA", "Ricardo Figueiredo"], "answer_modalities": {"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal": ["pdf"], "Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal": ["pdf"], "Gustavo Vicentis Oliveira Fernandes": ["pdf"], "Nélio Veiga": ["pdf"], "Patrícia Correia": ["pdf"], "Patrícia Couto": ["pdf"], "Pedro Lopes": ["pdf"], "Periodontics and Oral Medicine Department, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA": ["pdf"], "Ricardo Figueiredo": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "e75135823aa4c50f", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_healthcare_35b2da7c5405", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["e75135823aa4c50f.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"e75135823aa4c50f.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "e75135823aa4c50f"}
+{"answer": ["Chien-Hung Lee", "Department of Marketing & Tourism Management, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan", "Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan", "I-Ling Ling", "Li-Hsin Wu", "Wen-Cheng Li", "Yu-Ting Chin"], "answer_modalities": {"Chien-Hung Lee": ["pdf"], "Department of Marketing & Tourism Management, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan": ["pdf"], "Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan": ["pdf"], "I-Ling Ling": ["pdf"], "Li-Hsin Wu": ["pdf"], "Wen-Cheng Li": ["pdf"], "Yu-Ting Chin": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "a51365af96796652", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_healthcare_d4fa1c1081b8", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["a51365af96796652.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", or \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"a51365af96796652.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "a51365af96796652"}
+{"answer": ["China", "Consensus", "Delphi Technique", "Department of General Practice, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China", "Department of Science and Education, Chaoyang Central Hospital, Chaoyang, China", "Education Centre for Clinical Skills Practice of China Medical University, Shenyang, China", "Female", "General Practitioners", "Library of China Medical University, Shenyang, China", "Male", "School of Public Health, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China", "Xiaosong Yu", "Xinyan Zhang", "Xu Zhang", "Xue Gong", "Yang Zhang", "Yixuan Li"], "answer_modalities": {"China": ["pdf"], "Consensus": ["pdf"], "Delphi Technique": ["pdf"], "Department of General Practice, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China": ["pdf"], "Department of Science and Education, Chaoyang Central Hospital, Chaoyang, China": ["pdf"], "Education Centre for Clinical Skills Practice of China Medical University, Shenyang, China": ["pdf"], "Female": ["pdf"], "General Practitioners": ["pdf"], "Library of China Medical University, Shenyang, China": ["pdf"], "Male": ["pdf"], "School of Public Health, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China": ["pdf"], "Xiaosong Yu": ["pdf"], "Xinyan Zhang": ["pdf"], "Xu Zhang": ["pdf"], "Xue Gong": ["pdf"], "Yang Zhang": ["pdf"], "Yixuan Li": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "725bc6be6583fa30", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_healthcare_db4be168bb24", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["725bc6be6583fa30.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"725bc6be6583fa30.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "725bc6be6583fa30"}
+{"answer": ["Clinical Competence", "Community Pharmacy Division-The Indian Pharmaceutical Association (CPA-IPA), Mumbai, India", "Department of Pharmacy, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, India", "Guru Prasad Mohanta", "Health Systems Transformation Platform, New Delhi, India", "Humans", "India", "International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP), The Netherlands", "KIIT School of Public Health, Bhubaneswar, India", "Lahore Medical and Dental College, PAKISTAN", "Manjiri Sandeep Gharat", "Pharmacists", "Primary Health Care", "Prin. K.M. Kundnani Pharmacy Polytechnic, Ulhasnagar, India", "Purnima Bhoi", "Sanjeev Kumar"], "answer_modalities": {"Clinical Competence": ["pdf"], "Community Pharmacy Division-The Indian Pharmaceutical Association (CPA-IPA), Mumbai, India": ["pdf"], "Department of Pharmacy, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, India": ["pdf"], "Guru Prasad Mohanta": ["pdf"], "Health Systems Transformation Platform, New Delhi, India": ["pdf"], "Humans": ["pdf"], "India": ["pdf"], "International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP), The Netherlands": ["pdf"], "KIIT School of Public Health, Bhubaneswar, India": ["pdf"], "Lahore Medical and Dental College, PAKISTAN": ["pdf"], "Manjiri Sandeep Gharat": ["pdf"], "Pharmacists": ["pdf"], "Primary Health Care": ["pdf"], "Prin. K.M. Kundnani Pharmacy Polytechnic, Ulhasnagar, India": ["pdf"], "Purnima Bhoi": ["pdf"], "Sanjeev Kumar": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "0025ca820d894a2c", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_healthcare_d06a9317da0a", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["0025ca820d894a2c.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item comprised of the file(s) \"0025ca820d894a2c.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "0025ca820d894a2c"}
+{"answer": ["Department of Anorectal, Affiliated Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China", "Department of Endocrinology, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China", "Hang Sun", "Hongping Gao", "Jiao Zheng", "Mingxuan Sun", "Ying Pei", "Yu Zhang"], "answer_modalities": {"Department of Anorectal, Affiliated Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China": ["pdf"], "Department of Endocrinology, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China": ["pdf"], "Hang Sun": ["pdf"], "Hongping Gao": ["pdf"], "Jiao Zheng": ["pdf"], "Mingxuan Sun": ["pdf"], "Ying Pei": ["pdf"], "Yu Zhang": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "98232702139d422b", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_healthcare_3a4f183347bf", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["98232702139d422b.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"98232702139d422b.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "98232702139d422b"}
+{"answer": ["Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province People’s Republic of China", "Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218 Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei City, Anhui Province People’s Republic of China", "Lei Liu", "Mingwei Chen", "Murong Xu", "Ruyan Jie", "Xiaotong Zhao", "Ying Tang", "Yizhong Tang"], "answer_modalities": {"Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province People’s Republic of China": ["pdf"], "Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218 Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei City, Anhui Province People’s Republic of China": ["pdf"], "Lei Liu": ["pdf"], "Mingwei Chen": ["pdf"], "Murong Xu": ["pdf"], "Ruyan Jie": ["pdf"], "Xiaotong Zhao": ["pdf"], "Ying Tang": ["pdf"], "Yizhong Tang": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "8ba1349c49fe7f42", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_healthcare_135acfb2a915", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["8ba1349c49fe7f42.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"8ba1349c49fe7f42.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "8ba1349c49fe7f42"}
+{"answer": ["Department of Surgery, Al Jahra Hospital, Kuwait City 13001, Kuwait", "Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Amman 22110, Jordan", "Kuwait Institute for Medical Specialization, Kuwait City P.O. Box 1793, Kuwait", "Mohammad Salem Alajmi", "Muneera Jasim AlRumaihi", "Nerve Block", "Pain Management", "Rib Fractures", "Sara Ahmed Albuhmaid", "Sara Almutawtah", "Sarah Saqer Alblooshi"], "answer_modalities": {"Department of Surgery, Al Jahra Hospital, Kuwait City 13001, Kuwait": ["pdf"], "Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Amman 22110, Jordan": ["pdf"], "Kuwait Institute for Medical Specialization, Kuwait City P.O. Box 1793, Kuwait": ["pdf"], "Mohammad Salem Alajmi": ["pdf"], "Muneera Jasim AlRumaihi": ["pdf"], "Nerve Block": ["pdf"], "Pain Management": ["pdf"], "Rib Fractures": ["pdf"], "Sara Ahmed Albuhmaid": ["pdf"], "Sara Almutawtah": ["pdf"], "Sarah Saqer Alblooshi": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "d16cfc3051d0c1de", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_healthcare_96b6eef69895", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["d16cfc3051d0c1de.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"d16cfc3051d0c1de.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "d16cfc3051d0c1de"}
+{"answer": ["Empirical Research", "Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burg. Oudlaan 50, Rotterdam, The Netherlands", "Esteban Ralon Santizo", "Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology, Jaffalaan 5, 2628 BX Delft, The Netherlands", "Federica Fecondo", "Public Health", "Roland Bal", "Samantha Copeland", "Tina Comes"], "answer_modalities": {"Empirical Research": ["pdf"], "Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burg. Oudlaan 50, Rotterdam, The Netherlands": ["pdf"], "Esteban Ralon Santizo": ["pdf"], "Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology, Jaffalaan 5, 2628 BX Delft, The Netherlands": ["pdf"], "Federica Fecondo": ["pdf"], "Public Health": ["pdf"], "Roland Bal": ["pdf"], "Samantha Copeland": ["pdf"], "Tina Comes": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "a88df240d5cc051e", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_healthcare_ddd458e00c1e", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["a88df240d5cc051e.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"a88df240d5cc051e.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "a88df240d5cc051e"}
+{"answer": ["Evidence Gaps", "Persons with Disabilities"], "answer_modalities": {"Evidence Gaps": ["pdf"], "Persons with Disabilities": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "ec103f967219e228", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_healthcare_b207faf2a014", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["ec103f967219e228.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"ec103f967219e228.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "ec103f967219e228"}
+{"answer": ["Flavia Ottavi", "Ilenia Masi", "Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC)-CNR, Via E. Ramarini, 32, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy", "Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM)-CNR, Via Degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy", "Laura Rosano", "Paola Trono"], "answer_modalities": {"Flavia Ottavi": ["pdf"], "Ilenia Masi": ["pdf"], "Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC)-CNR, Via E. Ramarini, 32, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy": ["pdf"], "Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM)-CNR, Via Degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy": ["pdf"], "Laura Rosano": ["pdf"], "Paola Trono": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "6d25ea13c99b6d80", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_healthcare_b2a60fcdea9f", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["6d25ea13c99b6d80.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"6d25ea13c99b6d80.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "6d25ea13c99b6d80"}
+{"answer": ["Hematologic Neoplasms", "Hematology", "Lawrence Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada", "Monica Parry", "Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Lawrence Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada", "Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada"], "answer_modalities": {"Hematologic Neoplasms": ["pdf"], "Hematology": ["pdf"], "Lawrence Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada": ["pdf"], "Monica Parry": ["pdf"], "Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Lawrence Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada": ["pdf"], "Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "e182146a56c5ab23", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_healthcare_59bcff549870", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["e182146a56c5ab23.pdf"], "text": "What entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"e182146a56c5ab23.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each one appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "e182146a56c5ab23"}
+{"answer": ["Hui Shen", "Jia Lin Zhou", "Jie Zhao", "Si Yun Wang", "Wei Kai Zhu", "Yan Yan Zhao"], "answer_modalities": {"Hui Shen": ["pdf"], "Jia Lin Zhou": ["pdf"], "Jie Zhao": ["pdf"], "Si Yun Wang": ["pdf"], "Wei Kai Zhu": ["pdf"], "Yan Yan Zhao": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "5a86e461f653218f", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_healthcare_e452c46d6224", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["5a86e461f653218f.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"5a86e461f653218f.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "5a86e461f653218f"}
+{"answer": ["Karthikeyan Thirugnanam", "Kevin Eng", "Ramani Ramchandran"], "answer_modalities": {"Karthikeyan Thirugnanam": ["pdf"], "Kevin Eng": ["pdf"], "Ramani Ramchandran": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "846b6d57c8731adb", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_healthcare_dff0ca69022c", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["846b6d57c8731adb.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"846b6d57c8731adb.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "846b6d57c8731adb"}
+{"answer": ["Linlin Su", "Xiaoying Xue", "Yanjiao Wu", "Yibin Liu"], "answer_modalities": {"Linlin Su": ["pdf"], "Xiaoying Xue": ["pdf"], "Yanjiao Wu": ["pdf"], "Yibin Liu": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "8a55b2970b72482a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_healthcare_6a8f39d76472", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["8a55b2970b72482a.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", or \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"8a55b2970b72482a.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "8a55b2970b72482a"}
+{"answer": ["Male", "Papillomavirus Infections", "Papillomavirus Vaccines", "Prevalence", "Public Health", "Risk Factors", "School of Life Sciences University of Sussex Brighton UK", "Tumour Virology Group The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics Nicosia Cyprus", "Vaccination"], "answer_modalities": {"Male": ["pdf"], "Papillomavirus Infections": ["pdf"], "Papillomavirus Vaccines": ["pdf"], "Prevalence": ["pdf"], "Public Health": ["pdf"], "Risk Factors": ["pdf"], "School of Life Sciences University of Sussex Brighton UK": ["pdf"], "Tumour Virology Group The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics Nicosia Cyprus": ["pdf"], "Vaccination": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "ae093d2b5c16849b", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_healthcare_a26abf983273", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["ae093d2b5c16849b.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item that consists of the file(s) \"ae093d2b5c16849b.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "ae093d2b5c16849b"}
diff --git a/release/gold/T1/humanities.jsonl b/release/gold/T1/humanities.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a6b1127ea654e07c7594d93ccf7dacc8cc319205
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/gold/T1/humanities.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+{"answer": ["A. C. Raj", "Department of Craniofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of The Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa", "Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of The Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa", "Khaled R. Beshtawi", "M. A. Ajmal", "N. C. Sandeepa", "Tina S. Roberts"], "answer_modalities": {"A. C. Raj": ["pdf"], "Department of Craniofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of The Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa": ["pdf"], "Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of The Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa": ["pdf"], "Khaled R. Beshtawi": ["pdf"], "M. A. Ajmal": ["pdf"], "N. C. Sandeepa": ["pdf"], "Tina S. Roberts": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "61728659afdcad04", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_humanities_558dee59c3c8", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["61728659afdcad04.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"61728659afdcad04.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "61728659afdcad04"}
+{"answer": ["Achva Academic College, Arugot, Israel", "Gillie Gabay", "Smadar Ben-Asher"], "answer_modalities": {"Achva Academic College, Arugot, Israel": ["pdf"], "Gillie Gabay": ["pdf"], "Smadar Ben-Asher": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "c7976a4b7e4ee5d3", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_humanities_dc6c3562e2b1", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["c7976a4b7e4ee5d3.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"c7976a4b7e4ee5d3.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "c7976a4b7e4ee5d3"}
+{"answer": ["Alexandra J. Nederbragt", "Laura C. Viñas-Caron", "Maria Saña Seguí", "Richard Madgwick", "Roger Alcàntara Fors"], "answer_modalities": {"Alexandra J. Nederbragt": ["pdf"], "Laura C. Viñas-Caron": ["pdf"], "Maria Saña Seguí": ["pdf"], "Richard Madgwick": ["pdf"], "Roger Alcàntara Fors": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "0ad1724872347db0", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_humanities_d798cf5a7494", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["0ad1724872347db0.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"0ad1724872347db0.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "0ad1724872347db0"}
+{"answer": ["Analytical Department of the Directorate of FSIN Russia in the Arkhangelsk Oblast, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation", "Directorate of FSIN Russia in the Arkhangelsk Oblast", "Directorate of FSIN Russia in the Arkhangelsk Oblast, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation", "ELENA S. LOBANOVA", "Research Institute of FSIN Russia", "TAT’YANA V. KIRILLOVA", "VASILII V. SMYKOVSKII", "Vologda Institute of Law and Economics of FSIN Russia", "Vologda Institute of Law and Economics of FSIN Russia, Vologda, Russian Federation"], "answer_modalities": {"Analytical Department of the Directorate of FSIN Russia in the Arkhangelsk Oblast, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation": ["pdf"], "Directorate of FSIN Russia in the Arkhangelsk Oblast": ["pdf"], "Directorate of FSIN Russia in the Arkhangelsk Oblast, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation": ["pdf"], "ELENA S. LOBANOVA": ["pdf"], "Research Institute of FSIN Russia": ["pdf"], "TAT’YANA V. KIRILLOVA": ["pdf"], "VASILII V. SMYKOVSKII": ["pdf"], "Vologda Institute of Law and Economics of FSIN Russia": ["pdf"], "Vologda Institute of Law and Economics of FSIN Russia, Vologda, Russian Federation": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "19cc928283742b8e", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_humanities_449a15dcbf98", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["19cc928283742b8e.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"19cc928283742b8e.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "19cc928283742b8e"}
+{"answer": ["Andrea Macchia", "Anna Maria Salvi", "Fausto Langerame", "Maria Pia Sammartino", "Marisa Laurenzi Tabasso"], "answer_modalities": {"Andrea Macchia": ["pdf"], "Anna Maria Salvi": ["pdf"], "Fausto Langerame": ["pdf"], "Maria Pia Sammartino": ["pdf"], "Marisa Laurenzi Tabasso": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "b0b711831d4dd456", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_humanities_29396751dd3a", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["b0b711831d4dd456.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"b0b711831d4dd456.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "b0b711831d4dd456"}
+{"answer": ["Antonio Pamies Bertrán"], "answer_modalities": {"Antonio Pamies Bertrán": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "d09b6a6ad5e7ab80", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_humanities_08381086efea", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["d09b6a6ad5e7ab80.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"d09b6a6ad5e7ab80.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "d09b6a6ad5e7ab80"}
+{"answer": ["Anyang University"], "answer_modalities": {"Anyang University": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "7ad78b4cd93c8650", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_humanities_a4a40d55d68e", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["7ad78b4cd93c8650.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"7ad78b4cd93c8650.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "7ad78b4cd93c8650"}
+{"answer": ["Carmen Morawetz", "Dar Meshi", "Hauke R. Heekeren"], "answer_modalities": {"Carmen Morawetz": ["pdf"], "Dar Meshi": ["pdf"], "Hauke R. Heekeren": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "5b79006ffdf7dd33", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_humanities_4f2504f4de6d", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["5b79006ffdf7dd33.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"5b79006ffdf7dd33.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "5b79006ffdf7dd33"}
+{"answer": ["Center for the Study of Complex Systems, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America", "Department of Mathematics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America", "Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America", "Maria Riolo", "Rick Riolo", "Robert Savit"], "answer_modalities": {"Center for the Study of Complex Systems, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America": ["pdf"], "Department of Mathematics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America": ["pdf"], "Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America": ["pdf"], "Maria Riolo": ["pdf"], "Rick Riolo": ["pdf"], "Robert Savit": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "144f18e9b4a1ee6a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_humanities_e638d652e301", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["144f18e9b4a1ee6a.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"144f18e9b4a1ee6a.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "144f18e9b4a1ee6a"}
+{"answer": ["Centre for Translation and Interpreting Studies in Scotland", "Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh", "Ian Mason"], "answer_modalities": {"Centre for Translation and Interpreting Studies in Scotland": ["pdf"], "Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh": ["pdf"], "Ian Mason": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "265370503f9c3fef", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_humanities_b230c65a3abb", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["265370503f9c3fef.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"265370503f9c3fef.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "265370503f9c3fef"}
+{"answer": ["Chair of German Linguistics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany", "Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Oncological Palliative Care & Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Berlin, Germany", "Christoph Ostgathe", "Department of Palliative Medicine, CCC Erlangen - EMN, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany", "Department of Palliative Medicine, CCC Erlangen – EMN, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany", "Department of Palliative Medicine, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany", "Eva Schildmann", "Jeremias Bazata", "Joachim Peters", "Larissa Pfaller", "Maria Heckel", "Sandra Kurkowski"], "answer_modalities": {"Chair of German Linguistics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany": ["pdf"], "Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Oncological Palliative Care & Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Berlin, Germany": ["pdf"], "Christoph Ostgathe": ["pdf"], "Department of Palliative Medicine, CCC Erlangen - EMN, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany": ["pdf"], "Department of Palliative Medicine, CCC Erlangen – EMN, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany": ["pdf"], "Department of Palliative Medicine, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany": ["pdf"], "Eva Schildmann": ["pdf"], "Jeremias Bazata": ["pdf"], "Joachim Peters": ["pdf"], "Larissa Pfaller": ["pdf"], "Maria Heckel": ["pdf"], "Sandra Kurkowski": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "3d56c4121e35a665", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_humanities_682061526aab", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["3d56c4121e35a665.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"3d56c4121e35a665.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "3d56c4121e35a665"}
+{"answer": ["Chelsea Wiseman", "Emma Beckett", "Francis Stankiewicz", "Geoff Bailey", "Jerem Leach", "Jo McDonald", "John Fairweather", "John McCarthy", "Jonathan Benjamin", "Jorg Hacker", "Katarina Jerbić", "Madeline Fowler", "Michael O’Leary", "Patrick Morrison", "Paul Baggaley", "Peter Jeffries", "Sean Ulm"], "answer_modalities": {"Chelsea Wiseman": ["pdf"], "Emma Beckett": ["pdf"], "Francis Stankiewicz": ["pdf"], "Geoff Bailey": ["pdf"], "Jerem Leach": ["pdf"], "Jo McDonald": ["pdf"], "John Fairweather": ["pdf"], "John McCarthy": ["pdf"], "Jonathan Benjamin": ["pdf"], "Jorg Hacker": ["pdf"], "Katarina Jerbić": ["pdf"], "Madeline Fowler": ["pdf"], "Michael O’Leary": ["pdf"], "Patrick Morrison": ["pdf"], "Paul Baggaley": ["pdf"], "Peter Jeffries": ["pdf"], "Sean Ulm": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "30b14cbeb26769ac", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_humanities_df7196a0625e", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["30b14cbeb26769ac.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"30b14cbeb26769ac.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "30b14cbeb26769ac"}
+{"answer": ["Christina Davies", "Matthew Knuiman", "Michael Rosenberg"], "answer_modalities": {"Christina Davies": ["pdf"], "Matthew Knuiman": ["pdf"], "Michael Rosenberg": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "6f68ff42f6079af6", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_humanities_715b186497c6", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["6f68ff42f6079af6.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"6f68ff42f6079af6.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "6f68ff42f6079af6"}
+{"answer": ["Dan Sun", "Fangfang Li", "Jingxian Zhang", "Lei Pan", "Yi Cao", "Yumei Zou"], "answer_modalities": {"Dan Sun": ["pdf"], "Fangfang Li": ["pdf"], "Jingxian Zhang": ["pdf"], "Lei Pan": ["pdf"], "Yi Cao": ["pdf"], "Yumei Zou": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "176e90174067a2ab", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_humanities_a25c74e13649", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["176e90174067a2ab.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"176e90174067a2ab.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "176e90174067a2ab"}
+{"answer": ["Department of Applied Linguistics, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran", "Farnoosh Mohammaddokht", "Jalil Fathi", "TEFL, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran"], "answer_modalities": {"Department of Applied Linguistics, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran": ["pdf"], "Farnoosh Mohammaddokht": ["pdf"], "Jalil Fathi": ["pdf"], "TEFL, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "76dcdddc48bf4be0", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_humanities_8fc0686dc18b", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["76dcdddc48bf4be0.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"76dcdddc48bf4be0.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "76dcdddc48bf4be0"}
+{"answer": ["Department of Philosophy and Research Center Medical Humanities, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52d, A6020, Innsbruck, Austria", "Noelia Bueno-Gómez"], "answer_modalities": {"Department of Philosophy and Research Center Medical Humanities, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52d, A6020, Innsbruck, Austria": ["pdf"], "Noelia Bueno-Gómez": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "a37765ff0b232cf1", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_humanities_c012d777c7ad", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["a37765ff0b232cf1.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"a37765ff0b232cf1.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "a37765ff0b232cf1"}
+{"answer": ["Department of Philosophy, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia", "Philip Gerrans"], "answer_modalities": {"Department of Philosophy, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia": ["pdf"], "Philip Gerrans": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "8c1f17e7e27d141f", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_humanities_76e8907a26be", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["8c1f17e7e27d141f.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"8c1f17e7e27d141f.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "8c1f17e7e27d141f"}
+{"answer": ["Elisabetta Farnese", "Philip V, King of Spain"], "answer_modalities": {"Elisabetta Farnese": ["image"], "Philip V, King of Spain": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "6cec59de9c29fab1", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_humanities_c41e6e58d529", "question": {"entity_types": ["depicted_person"], "files": ["6cec59de9c29fab1.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"depicted_person\" are contained in the image item consisting of the file(s) \"6cec59de9c29fab1.jpg\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "6cec59de9c29fab1"}
+{"answer": ["Enrique Vega", "Gaspard Pagès", "Luc Long", "Marion Berranger", "Philippe Dillmann", "Philippe Fluzin", "Sylvain Bauvais"], "answer_modalities": {"Enrique Vega": ["pdf"], "Gaspard Pagès": ["pdf"], "Luc Long": ["pdf"], "Marion Berranger": ["pdf"], "Philippe Dillmann": ["pdf"], "Philippe Fluzin": ["pdf"], "Sylvain Bauvais": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "7f7b561d2d5f0622", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_humanities_93e6ae1ec2ed", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["7f7b561d2d5f0622.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"7f7b561d2d5f0622.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "7f7b561d2d5f0622"}
+{"answer": ["Frontiers Production Office", "Frontiers Production Office, Frontiers Media SA, Lausanne, Switzerland"], "answer_modalities": {"Frontiers Production Office": ["pdf"], "Frontiers Production Office, Frontiers Media SA, Lausanne, Switzerland": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "36d831a6af857e05", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_humanities_aa671d0ed295", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["36d831a6af857e05.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"36d831a6af857e05.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "36d831a6af857e05"}
+{"answer": ["Garth J. Mason"], "answer_modalities": {"Garth J. Mason": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "dc36965618fd5a1e", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_humanities_7235e77e5f1d", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["dc36965618fd5a1e.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of type \"affiliation\" and \"author\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"dc36965618fd5a1e.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "dc36965618fd5a1e"}
+{"answer": ["INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY, TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY", "Oded Lipschits"], "answer_modalities": {"INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY, TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY": ["pdf"], "Oded Lipschits": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "c61a02cc0d5ad8c1", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_humanities_d1b727f7bef3", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["c61a02cc0d5ad8c1.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"c61a02cc0d5ad8c1.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "c61a02cc0d5ad8c1"}
+{"answer": ["Ilana Raburn"], "answer_modalities": {"Ilana Raburn": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "5296cb2d34b8e9b5", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_humanities_23cc7d04fc63", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["5296cb2d34b8e9b5.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"5296cb2d34b8e9b5.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "5296cb2d34b8e9b5"}
+{"answer": ["Jackie Smith", "University of Pittsburgh"], "answer_modalities": {"Jackie Smith": ["pdf"], "University of Pittsburgh": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "cc1f0eca6e0670f6", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_humanities_049503e0f4c3", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["cc1f0eca6e0670f6.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"cc1f0eca6e0670f6.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "cc1f0eca6e0670f6"}
+{"answer": ["James Giordano", "Potomac Institute for Policy Studies", "Shadia Kawa", "University of Oxford"], "answer_modalities": {"James Giordano": ["pdf"], "Potomac Institute for Policy Studies": ["pdf"], "Shadia Kawa": ["pdf"], "University of Oxford": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "cb8932ffadf2f664", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_humanities_c3aaa6016e49", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["cb8932ffadf2f664.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"cb8932ffadf2f664.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "cb8932ffadf2f664"}
+{"answer": ["Jan Freedman", "Jane Evans"], "answer_modalities": {"Jan Freedman": ["pdf"], "Jane Evans": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "acfa048cd5f3a7d2", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_humanities_be2949dcce21", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["acfa048cd5f3a7d2.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"acfa048cd5f3a7d2.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "acfa048cd5f3a7d2"}
+{"answer": ["Johannes Kabatek", "Universidad de Tühingen"], "answer_modalities": {"Johannes Kabatek": ["pdf"], "Universidad de Tühingen": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "19e181ce0c3d1f92", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_humanities_19f9425f8eaf", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["19e181ce0c3d1f92.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"19e181ce0c3d1f92.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "19e181ce0c3d1f92"}
+{"answer": ["José Antonio Salas", "Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú"], "answer_modalities": {"José Antonio Salas": ["pdf"], "Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "fb71e2a31c3eac1d", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_humanities_82452d29d3d5", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["fb71e2a31c3eac1d.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"fb71e2a31c3eac1d.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "fb71e2a31c3eac1d"}
+{"answer": ["Maria Stopfner"], "answer_modalities": {"Maria Stopfner": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "618ef350769919b5", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_humanities_8e5f03409cb4", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["618ef350769919b5.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"618ef350769919b5.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "618ef350769919b5"}
+{"answer": ["Marvin Carlson", "The City University of New York - New York, United States of America"], "answer_modalities": {"Marvin Carlson": ["pdf"], "The City University of New York - New York, United States of America": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "558ec18718dd419c", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_humanities_6c4585226f3e", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["558ec18718dd419c.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"558ec18718dd419c.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "558ec18718dd419c"}
+{"answer": ["Oleksandra Osypenko", "Panos Athanasopoulos", "Silke Brandt"], "answer_modalities": {"Oleksandra Osypenko": ["pdf"], "Panos Athanasopoulos": ["pdf"], "Silke Brandt": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "7187e2d6b32e7013", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_humanities_bdd1e6217de3", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["7187e2d6b32e7013.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"7187e2d6b32e7013.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "7187e2d6b32e7013"}
+{"answer": ["Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), Nairobi, Kenya", "Peter Davis Sumo"], "answer_modalities": {"Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), Nairobi, Kenya": ["pdf"], "Peter Davis Sumo": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "ce16148bc1af5c33", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_humanities_c2f9881179fe", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["ce16148bc1af5c33.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"ce16148bc1af5c33.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "ce16148bc1af5c33"}
+{"answer": ["Patrizia Giampieri"], "answer_modalities": {"Patrizia Giampieri": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "c609bd9c0909c1af", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_humanities_6bcb8c246aeb", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["c609bd9c0909c1af.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"c609bd9c0909c1af.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "c609bd9c0909c1af"}
+{"answer": ["Queensland Conservatorium Griffith University (Australia", "Queensland Conservatorium Griffith University (Australia)", "ROHAN HARDY"], "answer_modalities": {"Queensland Conservatorium Griffith University (Australia": ["pdf"], "Queensland Conservatorium Griffith University (Australia)": ["pdf"], "ROHAN HARDY": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "115b395150f20c17", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_humanities_0ab2a1332aa6", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["115b395150f20c17.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"115b395150f20c17.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "115b395150f20c17"}
+{"answer": ["Sarah Siddons"], "answer_modalities": {"Sarah Siddons": ["image"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "924b82e7dcc95c14", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_humanities_b78320a6614a", "question": {"entity_types": ["depicted_person"], "files": ["924b82e7dcc95c14.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"depicted_person\" are contained in the image item consisting of the file(s) \"924b82e7dcc95c14.jpg\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "924b82e7dcc95c14"}
+{"answer": ["Simon Tormey", "University of Sydney"], "answer_modalities": {"Simon Tormey": ["pdf"], "University of Sydney": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "cb37f6e81973c65c", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_humanities_0a3802399d69", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["cb37f6e81973c65c.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" are contained in the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"cb37f6e81973c65c.pdf\", and in what modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "cb37f6e81973c65c"}
+{"answer": ["Stephan Joubert"], "answer_modalities": {"Stephan Joubert": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "ad8e013bd58c99d4", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_humanities_b75f8ebaf59d", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["ad8e013bd58c99d4.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"ad8e013bd58c99d4.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "ad8e013bd58c99d4"}
+{"answer": ["The PLOS ONE Staff"], "answer_modalities": {"The PLOS ONE Staff": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "85618e2cd4a9fd0f", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_humanities_f001f16e198a", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["85618e2cd4a9fd0f.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"85618e2cd4a9fd0f.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "85618e2cd4a9fd0f"}
+{"answer": ["The PLOS ONE Staff"], "answer_modalities": {"The PLOS ONE Staff": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "c1637619c6a99eae", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_humanities_165fa2934a07", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["c1637619c6a99eae.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"c1637619c6a99eae.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "c1637619c6a99eae"}
+{"answer": ["The PLOS ONE Staff"], "answer_modalities": {"The PLOS ONE Staff": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "e9c3ca13be6ec7c5", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_humanities_2d5ce1d36a4b", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["e9c3ca13be6ec7c5.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"e9c3ca13be6ec7c5.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "e9c3ca13be6ec7c5"}
+{"answer": ["Wim A. Dreyer"], "answer_modalities": {"Wim A. Dreyer": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "bb88362b009bba9a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_humanities_4484e3813411", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["bb88362b009bba9a.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"bb88362b009bba9a.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "bb88362b009bba9a"}
diff --git a/release/gold/T1/law.jsonl b/release/gold/T1/law.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cfeee6cb41a444d6c3af3a013b164273a63cb39a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/gold/T1/law.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+{"answer": ["African Health Research Flagship, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa", "Annelize Nienaber", "Centre for Ethics and Philosophy of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa", "Division of Law, Abertay University, Dundee, Scotland, UK", "Donrich W. Thaldar", "Faculty of Law, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa", "Marietjie Botes", "School of Law, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa"], "answer_modalities": {"African Health Research Flagship, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa": ["pdf"], "Annelize Nienaber": ["pdf"], "Centre for Ethics and Philosophy of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa": ["pdf"], "Division of Law, Abertay University, Dundee, Scotland, UK": ["pdf"], "Donrich W. Thaldar": ["pdf"], "Faculty of Law, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa": ["pdf"], "Marietjie Botes": ["pdf"], "School of Law, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "73699f107481ef45", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_law_5455be3dc037", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["73699f107481ef45.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"73699f107481ef45.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "73699f107481ef45"}
+{"answer": ["Aline Vilain", "Chloé Wyndham-Thomas", "Dominique Van Beckhoven", "Javiera Rebolledo Gonzalez", "Jessika Deblonde", "Nathalie Bossuyt", "Nina Van Goethem", "Sophie Quoilin", "Tinne Lernout", "Vincent Melis"], "answer_modalities": {"Aline Vilain": ["pdf"], "Chloé Wyndham-Thomas": ["pdf"], "Dominique Van Beckhoven": ["pdf"], "Javiera Rebolledo Gonzalez": ["pdf"], "Jessika Deblonde": ["pdf"], "Nathalie Bossuyt": ["pdf"], "Nina Van Goethem": ["pdf"], "Sophie Quoilin": ["pdf"], "Tinne Lernout": ["pdf"], "Vincent Melis": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "e3ce822a587fab4c", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_law_ca9f703350de", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["e3ce822a587fab4c.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"e3ce822a587fab4c.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "e3ce822a587fab4c"}
+{"answer": ["Angelo Golia"], "answer_modalities": {"Angelo Golia": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "8d2583dd79a79d5f", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_law_f2a1bf1c882f", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["8d2583dd79a79d5f.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"8d2583dd79a79d5f.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "8d2583dd79a79d5f"}
+{"answer": ["Ardyanti Aris", "Barru Class II B State Detention Center", "Institut Ilmu Sosial dan Bisnis Andi Sapada", "Muhammad Akbar Fhad Syahril"], "answer_modalities": {"Ardyanti Aris": ["pdf"], "Barru Class II B State Detention Center": ["pdf"], "Institut Ilmu Sosial dan Bisnis Andi Sapada": ["pdf"], "Muhammad Akbar Fhad Syahril": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "8be38490fe66721d", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_law_fb5ae5516044", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["8be38490fe66721d.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"8be38490fe66721d.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "8be38490fe66721d"}
+{"answer": ["Arnau van Wyngaard"], "answer_modalities": {"Arnau van Wyngaard": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "152ba1269dee24ce", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_law_0ef8f2bd0ef3", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["152ba1269dee24ce.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"152ba1269dee24ce.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "152ba1269dee24ce"}
+{"answer": ["Australian National University, Fenner School for Environment and Society, Canberra, Australia", "Chadia Wannous", "Elizabeth G. Hanna", "Hannah Marcus", "Narayan Toolan", "School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada", "Towards A Safer World Network and Future Earth Health-Knowledge Action Network, Stockholm, Sweden", "UCLA School of Law, Los Angeles, California, United States of America", "WG Chair, World Federation of Public Health Associations-Environmental Health Working Group", "WG Chair, World Federation of Public Health Associations–Environmental Health Working Group", "World Federation of Public Health Associations-Environmental Health Working Group", "World Federation of Public Health Associations–Environmental Health Working Group"], "answer_modalities": {"Australian National University, Fenner School for Environment and Society, Canberra, Australia": ["pdf"], "Chadia Wannous": ["pdf"], "Elizabeth G. Hanna": ["pdf"], "Hannah Marcus": ["pdf"], "Narayan Toolan": ["pdf"], "School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada": ["pdf"], "Towards A Safer World Network and Future Earth Health-Knowledge Action Network, Stockholm, Sweden": ["pdf"], "UCLA School of Law, Los Angeles, California, United States of America": ["pdf"], "WG Chair, World Federation of Public Health Associations-Environmental Health Working Group": ["pdf"], "WG Chair, World Federation of Public Health Associations–Environmental Health Working Group": ["pdf"], "World Federation of Public Health Associations-Environmental Health Working Group": ["pdf"], "World Federation of Public Health Associations–Environmental Health Working Group": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "9d1efe0e5c61efb1", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_law_752b33225f21", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["9d1efe0e5c61efb1.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"9d1efe0e5c61efb1.pdf\" contain, and in what modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "9d1efe0e5c61efb1"}
+{"answer": ["Azzahra Rizki Ananda", "Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Nusantara Lampung"], "answer_modalities": {"Azzahra Rizki Ananda": ["pdf"], "Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Nusantara Lampung": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "c27673a72028df1e", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_law_56d21c348502", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["c27673a72028df1e.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"c27673a72028df1e.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "c27673a72028df1e"}
+{"answer": ["Bucerius Law School, Hamburg, Germany", "Max Georg Hügel", "Neeltje van den Berg", "Simone Gloystein", "Thomas Ruppel", "University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany"], "answer_modalities": {"Bucerius Law School, Hamburg, Germany": ["pdf"], "Max Georg Hügel": ["pdf"], "Neeltje van den Berg": ["pdf"], "Simone Gloystein": ["pdf"], "Thomas Ruppel": ["pdf"], "University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "75d1cea6b61b9628", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_law_161fb4ff9915", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["75d1cea6b61b9628.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"75d1cea6b61b9628.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "75d1cea6b61b9628"}
+{"answer": ["C. Ignacio Giuffré"], "answer_modalities": {"C. Ignacio Giuffré": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "7065c51a1036c2ec", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_law_6fadd66e8de2", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["7065c51a1036c2ec.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"7065c51a1036c2ec.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "7065c51a1036c2ec"}
+{"answer": ["Center for Development Research, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany", "Department of Political Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden", "Institute of Political Science, University of Münster, Münster, Germany", "Matteo De Donà", "Sara Velander", "School of Global Studies, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden"], "answer_modalities": {"Center for Development Research, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany": ["pdf"], "Department of Political Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden": ["pdf"], "Institute of Political Science, University of Münster, Münster, Germany": ["pdf"], "Matteo De Donà": ["pdf"], "Sara Velander": ["pdf"], "School of Global Studies, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "9b065dca31764dac", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_law_6385d5c3b96b", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["9b065dca31764dac.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"9b065dca31764dac.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "9b065dca31764dac"}
+{"answer": ["Corvinus University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary", "Mert Mentes"], "answer_modalities": {"Corvinus University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary": ["pdf"], "Mert Mentes": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "fdc0cae06eb3d7fa", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_law_a9c51b9612db", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["fdc0cae06eb3d7fa.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"fdc0cae06eb3d7fa.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "fdc0cae06eb3d7fa"}
+{"answer": ["Cristiane Canisela Villalva Prado", "José Antonio Remedio", "Universidade Metodista de Piracicaba (UNIMEP)"], "answer_modalities": {"Cristiane Canisela Villalva Prado": ["pdf"], "José Antonio Remedio": ["pdf"], "Universidade Metodista de Piracicaba (UNIMEP)": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "ad90363d4f0110ec", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_law_4a70419eaf63", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["ad90363d4f0110ec.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"ad90363d4f0110ec.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "ad90363d4f0110ec"}
+{"answer": ["De Montfort University", "Julie McGarry", "Kathryn Hinsliff-Smith", "Moreoagae B. Randa", "Sarah Griffiths", "Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University", "University of Sheffield"], "answer_modalities": {"De Montfort University": ["pdf"], "Julie McGarry": ["pdf"], "Kathryn Hinsliff-Smith": ["pdf"], "Moreoagae B. Randa": ["pdf"], "Sarah Griffiths": ["pdf"], "Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University": ["pdf"], "University of Sheffield": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "b9acf49535a7d6d3", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_law_b8704b2bb770", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["b9acf49535a7d6d3.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"b9acf49535a7d6d3.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "b9acf49535a7d6d3"}
+{"answer": ["Diaz Ratna Iswara", "Taufiq Nugroho"], "answer_modalities": {"Diaz Ratna Iswara": ["pdf"], "Taufiq Nugroho": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "01c0c05aada5f4da", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_law_4c5704a493de", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["01c0c05aada5f4da.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"01c0c05aada5f4da.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "01c0c05aada5f4da"}
+{"answer": ["Djemila Carron", "Laurence Gauvin-Joyal", "Léo Lecomte"], "answer_modalities": {"Djemila Carron": ["pdf"], "Laurence Gauvin-Joyal": ["pdf"], "Léo Lecomte": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "cb18ca001b008ed4", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_law_c681402c1b13", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["cb18ca001b008ed4.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"cb18ca001b008ed4.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "cb18ca001b008ed4"}
+{"answer": ["Douglas N. Magagula", "Kabelo B. Moeti", "Rasodi K. Manyaka", "Ricky M. Mukonza"], "answer_modalities": {"Douglas N. Magagula": ["pdf"], "Kabelo B. Moeti": ["pdf"], "Rasodi K. Manyaka": ["pdf"], "Ricky M. Mukonza": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "ce25cac5c7346068", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_law_1551e745c8ce", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["ce25cac5c7346068.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"ce25cac5c7346068.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "ce25cac5c7346068"}
+{"answer": ["E. V. Valkova", "S. N. Kondratovskaya"], "answer_modalities": {"E. V. Valkova": ["pdf"], "S. N. Kondratovskaya": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "3a67e714e5463107", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_law_b8392eed418b", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["3a67e714e5463107.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"3a67e714e5463107.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "3a67e714e5463107"}
+{"answer": ["Emilios Christodoulidis"], "answer_modalities": {"Emilios Christodoulidis": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "7d5d58e516cedbfe", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_law_93830fc04123", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["7d5d58e516cedbfe.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"7d5d58e516cedbfe.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "7d5d58e516cedbfe"}
+{"answer": ["Equipe editorial da Revista Veritas"], "answer_modalities": {"Equipe editorial da Revista Veritas": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "f2445cd185172a10", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_law_3918af46305a", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["f2445cd185172a10.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"f2445cd185172a10.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "f2445cd185172a10"}
+{"answer": ["Francis Amponsah-Dacosta", "Humphrey Mathada", "Tendayi Gondo"], "answer_modalities": {"Francis Amponsah-Dacosta": ["pdf"], "Humphrey Mathada": ["pdf"], "Tendayi Gondo": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "6857388e007f19eb", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_law_5972dcfb4e7a", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["6857388e007f19eb.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"6857388e007f19eb.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "6857388e007f19eb"}
+{"answer": ["Frontiers Editorial Office"], "answer_modalities": {"Frontiers Editorial Office": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "6ca5b22e2921cce5", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_law_cadb218ae815", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["6ca5b22e2921cce5.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"6ca5b22e2921cce5.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "6ca5b22e2921cce5"}
+{"answer": ["Frontiers Editorial Office"], "answer_modalities": {"Frontiers Editorial Office": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "969724ea9ab231cb", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_law_b5f7d34d33b5", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["969724ea9ab231cb.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"969724ea9ab231cb.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "969724ea9ab231cb"}
+{"answer": ["Goethe-Universität Frankfurt", "Julio Carvalho"], "answer_modalities": {"Goethe-Universität Frankfurt": ["pdf"], "Julio Carvalho": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "ad49b25686b3c8d0", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_law_66d2ad13d0b8", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["ad49b25686b3c8d0.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"ad49b25686b3c8d0.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "ad49b25686b3c8d0"}
+{"answer": ["Jeremy Coggins"], "answer_modalities": {"Jeremy Coggins": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "70109bd36d8448ef", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_law_5b7ad70e42a3", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["70109bd36d8448ef.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"70109bd36d8448ef.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "70109bd36d8448ef"}
+{"answer": ["Josephine ven Zeben"], "answer_modalities": {"Josephine ven Zeben": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "3744b2fc94130289", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_law_e11fb2820ba7", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["3744b2fc94130289.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"3744b2fc94130289.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "3744b2fc94130289"}
+{"answer": ["Julie McGarry", "Moreoagae B. Randa", "Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University", "University of Sheffield"], "answer_modalities": {"Julie McGarry": ["pdf"], "Moreoagae B. Randa": ["pdf"], "Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University": ["pdf"], "University of Sheffield": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "7d26c59bf147d210", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_law_0331adeaba2a", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["7d26c59bf147d210.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"7d26c59bf147d210.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "7d26c59bf147d210"}
+{"answer": ["Junhan Zhou", "Lingnan College, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China", "School of Finance and Public Economics, Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, Taiyuan, China", "Shutang Feng", "Ziyang Long"], "answer_modalities": {"Junhan Zhou": ["pdf"], "Lingnan College, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China": ["pdf"], "School of Finance and Public Economics, Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, Taiyuan, China": ["pdf"], "Shutang Feng": ["pdf"], "Ziyang Long": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "4da0b29124dd22e4", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_law_ca8dc628876e", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["4da0b29124dd22e4.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"4da0b29124dd22e4.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "4da0b29124dd22e4"}
+{"answer": ["Khairil Ikhsan", "Universitas Islam Indonesia (UII) Yogyakarta"], "answer_modalities": {"Khairil Ikhsan": ["pdf"], "Universitas Islam Indonesia (UII) Yogyakarta": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "23f0f0280cff8f62", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_law_94303eddfd25", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["23f0f0280cff8f62.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"23f0f0280cff8f62.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "23f0f0280cff8f62"}
+{"answer": ["Law Institute of the Ryazan State University named for S.A. Yesenin", "Law Institute of the Ryazan State University named for S.A. Yesenin, Ryazan, Russian Federation", "Saint Petersburg University of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia"], "answer_modalities": {"Law Institute of the Ryazan State University named for S.A. Yesenin": ["pdf"], "Law Institute of the Ryazan State University named for S.A. Yesenin, Ryazan, Russian Federation": ["pdf"], "Saint Petersburg University of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "2b58cad4ea8f4e7c", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_law_4a0d05a5a5fd", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["2b58cad4ea8f4e7c.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" are contained in the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"2b58cad4ea8f4e7c.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "2b58cad4ea8f4e7c"}
+{"answer": ["Martijn W. Hesselink"], "answer_modalities": {"Martijn W. Hesselink": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "3c00c49dfb4c484a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_law_98bdba494f06", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["3c00c49dfb4c484a.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"3c00c49dfb4c484a.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "3c00c49dfb4c484a"}
+{"answer": ["Pandelani H. Munzhedzi"], "answer_modalities": {"Pandelani H. Munzhedzi": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "c8f350e651c8247f", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_law_c1b4c2fa7b03", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["c8f350e651c8247f.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"c8f350e651c8247f.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "c8f350e651c8247f"}
+{"answer": ["Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia", "Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation", "Vologda Institute of Law and Economics of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia", "Vologda Institute of Law and Economics of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, Vologda, Russian Federation"], "answer_modalities": {"Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia": ["pdf"], "Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation": ["pdf"], "Vologda Institute of Law and Economics of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia": ["pdf"], "Vologda Institute of Law and Economics of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, Vologda, Russian Federation": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "3070cff8edc9acff", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_law_12cebfe213e4", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["3070cff8edc9acff.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"3070cff8edc9acff.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "3070cff8edc9acff"}
+{"answer": ["Rosita Candrakirana"], "answer_modalities": {"Rosita Candrakirana": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "90da934044547285", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_law_9de21d9bb82f", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["90da934044547285.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"90da934044547285.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "90da934044547285"}
+{"answer": ["Sarah Ganty", "UCLouvain", "Yale Law School, New Haven"], "answer_modalities": {"Sarah Ganty": ["pdf"], "UCLouvain": ["pdf"], "Yale Law School, New Haven": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "f4ee6a28b4d8610a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_law_8a598175cffd", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["f4ee6a28b4d8610a.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"f4ee6a28b4d8610a.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "f4ee6a28b4d8610a"}
+{"answer": ["Sebastián A. Umpierrez de Reguero", "Vivian Cartagena"], "answer_modalities": {"Sebastián A. Umpierrez de Reguero": ["pdf"], "Vivian Cartagena": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "7fa78487dc4976c4", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_law_411b9bd3ec1e", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["7fa78487dc4976c4.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" are contained in the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"7fa78487dc4976c4.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "7fa78487dc4976c4"}
+{"answer": ["Sudarto Sudarto"], "answer_modalities": {"Sudarto Sudarto": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "bcbe8cb756348e31", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_law_f585f0907cce", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["bcbe8cb756348e31.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"bcbe8cb756348e31.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "bcbe8cb756348e31"}
diff --git a/release/gold/T1/music.jsonl b/release/gold/T1/music.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4bdd562266c63ed712306c9d30c2bb94a76d8aa3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/gold/T1/music.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+{"answer": ["A. Leonie Baier", "Burooj Ghani", "Dan Stowell", "Milan van Hirtum", "Vincent J. Kalkman", "Welmoed Eversteijn", "cs.LG"], "answer_modalities": {"A. Leonie Baier": ["pdf"], "Burooj Ghani": ["pdf"], "Dan Stowell": ["pdf"], "Milan van Hirtum": ["pdf"], "Vincent J. Kalkman": ["pdf"], "Welmoed Eversteijn": ["pdf"], "cs.LG": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "5a81cd32c9634582", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_music_ad10c14f2b93", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["5a81cd32c9634582.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"5a81cd32c9634582.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "5a81cd32c9634582"}
+{"answer": ["Abraham Daniels", "Aharon Satt", "Alexander Brooks", "Ashish Mittal", "Avihu Dekel", "Brian Kingsbury", "David Haws", "Edmilson Morais", "Gakuto Kurata", "George Saon", "Hagai Aronowitz", "Ibrahim Ibrahim", "Jeff Kuo", "Kate Soule", "Luis Lastras", "Masayuki Suzuki", "Ron Hoory", "Samuel Thomas", "Sashi Novitasari", "Takashi Fukuda", "Tohru Nagano", "Vishal Sunder", "Xiaodong Cui", "Zvi Kons", "eess.AS"], "answer_modalities": {"Abraham Daniels": ["pdf"], "Aharon Satt": ["pdf"], "Alexander Brooks": ["pdf"], "Ashish Mittal": ["pdf"], "Avihu Dekel": ["pdf"], "Brian Kingsbury": ["pdf"], "David Haws": ["pdf"], "Edmilson Morais": ["pdf"], "Gakuto Kurata": ["pdf"], "George Saon": ["pdf"], "Hagai Aronowitz": ["pdf"], "Ibrahim Ibrahim": ["pdf"], "Jeff Kuo": ["pdf"], "Kate Soule": ["pdf"], "Luis Lastras": ["pdf"], "Masayuki Suzuki": ["pdf"], "Ron Hoory": ["pdf"], "Samuel Thomas": ["pdf"], "Sashi Novitasari": ["pdf"], "Takashi Fukuda": ["pdf"], "Tohru Nagano": ["pdf"], "Vishal Sunder": ["pdf"], "Xiaodong Cui": ["pdf"], "Zvi Kons": ["pdf"], "eess.AS": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "cdd6dbfaade54416", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_music_82a49eaa94d7", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["cdd6dbfaade54416.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"cdd6dbfaade54416.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "cdd6dbfaade54416"}
+{"answer": ["Akira Omoto", "eess.AS"], "answer_modalities": {"Akira Omoto": ["pdf"], "eess.AS": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "f24f4c320c2b325c", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_music_f9ca058aee3d", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["f24f4c320c2b325c.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"f24f4c320c2b325c.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "f24f4c320c2b325c"}
+{"answer": ["Alexander Wang", "Chris Donahue", "Dhruv Jain", "cs.SD"], "answer_modalities": {"Alexander Wang": ["pdf"], "Chris Donahue": ["pdf"], "Dhruv Jain": ["pdf"], "cs.SD": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "6c7567be3491cd8a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_music_db2217653f73", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["6c7567be3491cd8a.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"6c7567be3491cd8a.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "6c7567be3491cd8a"}
+{"answer": ["Alexandros Potamianos", "Charilaos Papaioannou", "Emmanouil Benetos", "cs.SD"], "answer_modalities": {"Alexandros Potamianos": ["pdf"], "Charilaos Papaioannou": ["pdf"], "Emmanouil Benetos": ["pdf"], "cs.SD": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "8b4d3163f1607b78", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_music_cca02bab30f0", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["8b4d3163f1607b78.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", or \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"8b4d3163f1607b78.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "8b4d3163f1607b78"}
+{"answer": ["Alinka Greasley", "Bruno Fazenda", "Gerardo Roa-Dabike", "Jennifer Firth", "Jon P. Barker", "Michael A. Akeroyd", "Rebecca R. Vos", "Scott Bannister", "Simone Graetzer", "Trevor J. Cox", "William M. Whitmer", "eess.AS"], "answer_modalities": {"Alinka Greasley": ["pdf"], "Bruno Fazenda": ["pdf"], "Gerardo Roa-Dabike": ["pdf"], "Jennifer Firth": ["pdf"], "Jon P. Barker": ["pdf"], "Michael A. Akeroyd": ["pdf"], "Rebecca R. Vos": ["pdf"], "Scott Bannister": ["pdf"], "Simone Graetzer": ["pdf"], "Trevor J. Cox": ["pdf"], "William M. Whitmer": ["pdf"], "eess.AS": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "defd9004dc941ea0", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_music_d72d45ba2760", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["defd9004dc941ea0.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item that consists of the file(s) \"defd9004dc941ea0.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "defd9004dc941ea0"}
+{"answer": ["Amir Hussain", "Anis Hamadouche", "Haifeng Luo", "Mathini Sellathurai", "Tharm Ratnarajah", "cs.SD"], "answer_modalities": {"Amir Hussain": ["pdf"], "Anis Hamadouche": ["pdf"], "Haifeng Luo": ["pdf"], "Mathini Sellathurai": ["pdf"], "Tharm Ratnarajah": ["pdf"], "cs.SD": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "ea8ee95ac002b096", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_music_c9d6646af6a5", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["ea8ee95ac002b096.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"ea8ee95ac002b096.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "ea8ee95ac002b096"}
+{"answer": ["Anbei Zhao", "Chenyu Liu", "Heinrich Dinkel", "Jian Luan", "Junbo Zhang", "Si Cheng", "Yadong Niu", "cs.SD"], "answer_modalities": {"Anbei Zhao": ["pdf"], "Chenyu Liu": ["pdf"], "Heinrich Dinkel": ["pdf"], "Jian Luan": ["pdf"], "Junbo Zhang": ["pdf"], "Si Cheng": ["pdf"], "Yadong Niu": ["pdf"], "cs.SD": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "0966159f7adeafbf", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_music_538670ddae28", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["0966159f7adeafbf.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"0966159f7adeafbf.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "0966159f7adeafbf"}
+{"answer": ["Andrea Poltronieri", "Chukwuemeka Nkama", "Xavier Serra", "cs.SD"], "answer_modalities": {"Andrea Poltronieri": ["pdf"], "Chukwuemeka Nkama": ["pdf"], "Xavier Serra": ["pdf"], "cs.SD": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "8a4057de5ca07409", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_music_10c756cbb2c0", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["8a4057de5ca07409.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"8a4057de5ca07409.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "8a4057de5ca07409"}
+{"answer": ["Aren Jansen", "Julian Salazar", "Keisuke Kinoshita", "RJ Skerry-Ryan", "Se Jin Park", "Yong Man Ro", "cs.CL"], "answer_modalities": {"Aren Jansen": ["pdf"], "Julian Salazar": ["pdf"], "Keisuke Kinoshita": ["pdf"], "RJ Skerry-Ryan": ["pdf"], "Se Jin Park": ["pdf"], "Yong Man Ro": ["pdf"], "cs.CL": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "c89584093f6f4c8c", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_music_9c045bedd481", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["c89584093f6f4c8c.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"c89584093f6f4c8c.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "c89584093f6f4c8c"}
+{"answer": ["Arvind Krishna Sridhar", "Erik Visser", "Kartik Hegde", "Naveen Vakada", "Yinyi Guo", "eess.AS"], "answer_modalities": {"Arvind Krishna Sridhar": ["pdf"], "Erik Visser": ["pdf"], "Kartik Hegde": ["pdf"], "Naveen Vakada": ["pdf"], "Yinyi Guo": ["pdf"], "eess.AS": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "873462f75320dfe2", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_music_76fa426f4abd", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["873462f75320dfe2.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"873462f75320dfe2.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "873462f75320dfe2"}
+{"answer": ["Benjamin Yen", "Kazuhiro Nakadai", "Ragib Amin Nihal", "Runwu Shi", "cs.SD"], "answer_modalities": {"Benjamin Yen": ["pdf"], "Kazuhiro Nakadai": ["pdf"], "Ragib Amin Nihal": ["pdf"], "Runwu Shi": ["pdf"], "cs.SD": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "5fb2f9170e8d47f9", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_music_45fbf51b67cf", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["5fb2f9170e8d47f9.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"5fb2f9170e8d47f9.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "5fb2f9170e8d47f9"}
+{"answer": ["Berlin Chen", "Cheng-Yeh Yang", "Chien-Chun Wang", "Hsin-Min Wang", "Hung-Shin Lee", "Kuan-Tang Huang", "cs.SD"], "answer_modalities": {"Berlin Chen": ["pdf"], "Cheng-Yeh Yang": ["pdf"], "Chien-Chun Wang": ["pdf"], "Hsin-Min Wang": ["pdf"], "Hung-Shin Lee": ["pdf"], "Kuan-Tang Huang": ["pdf"], "cs.SD": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "2340a92167d8a065", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_music_f243c40ac5aa", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["2340a92167d8a065.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"2340a92167d8a065.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "2340a92167d8a065"}
+{"answer": ["Björn W. Schuller", "Lucia Specia", "Manuel Milling", "Yupei Li", "cs.SD"], "answer_modalities": {"Björn W. Schuller": ["pdf"], "Lucia Specia": ["pdf"], "Manuel Milling": ["pdf"], "Yupei Li": ["pdf"], "cs.SD": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "f5fe4a1dec59b4a9", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_music_924c33acdcc3", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["f5fe4a1dec59b4a9.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"f5fe4a1dec59b4a9.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "f5fe4a1dec59b4a9"}
+{"answer": ["Bowei Xing", "Buwen Liang", "Dantong Niu", "Guangyao Li", "Ji Shi", "Jinxing Zhou", "Liao Qu", "Peiliang Zhang", "Qixun Wang", "Ruohao Guo", "Wenzhen Yue", "Xianghua Ying", "Yanyu Qi", "Yaru Chen", "cs.CV"], "answer_modalities": {"Bowei Xing": ["pdf"], "Buwen Liang": ["pdf"], "Dantong Niu": ["pdf"], "Guangyao Li": ["pdf"], "Ji Shi": ["pdf"], "Jinxing Zhou": ["pdf"], "Liao Qu": ["pdf"], "Peiliang Zhang": ["pdf"], "Qixun Wang": ["pdf"], "Ruohao Guo": ["pdf"], "Wenzhen Yue": ["pdf"], "Xianghua Ying": ["pdf"], "Yanyu Qi": ["pdf"], "Yaru Chen": ["pdf"], "cs.CV": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "f85e37c023700b16", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_music_9a82cce750a4", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["f85e37c023700b16.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"f85e37c023700b16.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "f85e37c023700b16"}
+{"answer": ["Cameron Holt", "Joseph A. Paradiso", "Lancelot Blanchard", "cs.HC"], "answer_modalities": {"Cameron Holt": ["pdf"], "Joseph A. Paradiso": ["pdf"], "Lancelot Blanchard": ["pdf"], "cs.HC": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "f519a3dcc0286d4e", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_music_58a0e5071137", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["f519a3dcc0286d4e.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", or \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"f519a3dcc0286d4e.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "f519a3dcc0286d4e"}
+{"answer": ["Cecilia Mascolo", "Domenico Talia", "Gaia A. Bertolino", "Tong Xia", "Yuwei Zhang", "cs.SD"], "answer_modalities": {"Cecilia Mascolo": ["pdf"], "Domenico Talia": ["pdf"], "Gaia A. Bertolino": ["pdf"], "Tong Xia": ["pdf"], "Yuwei Zhang": ["pdf"], "cs.SD": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "056baed4b1a030f9", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_music_ccd39c2b7de1", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["056baed4b1a030f9.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"056baed4b1a030f9.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "056baed4b1a030f9"}
+{"answer": ["Chao Zhu", "Dawei Zhao", "Han Hu", "Ke Xue", "Lixin", "Rongfei Fan", "cs.SD"], "answer_modalities": {"Chao Zhu": ["pdf"], "Dawei Zhao": ["pdf"], "Han Hu": ["pdf"], "Ke Xue": ["pdf"], "Lixin": ["pdf"], "Rongfei Fan": ["pdf"], "cs.SD": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "64e2897bf8ef13fd", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_music_2ee064f7364c", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["64e2897bf8ef13fd.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"64e2897bf8ef13fd.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "64e2897bf8ef13fd"}
+{"answer": ["Chen-An Li", "Chien-yu Huang", "Chih-Kai Yang", "Hung-yi Lee", "Wei-Chih Chen", "Xuanjun Chen", "Yu-Xiang Lin", "cs.CL"], "answer_modalities": {"Chen-An Li": ["pdf"], "Chien-yu Huang": ["pdf"], "Chih-Kai Yang": ["pdf"], "Hung-yi Lee": ["pdf"], "Wei-Chih Chen": ["pdf"], "Xuanjun Chen": ["pdf"], "Yu-Xiang Lin": ["pdf"], "cs.CL": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "1d4ea2faabf8773c", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_music_6bfebe262b26", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["1d4ea2faabf8773c.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"1d4ea2faabf8773c.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "1d4ea2faabf8773c"}
+{"answer": ["Chun-Yi Kuan", "En-Pei Hu", "Guan-Ting Lin", "Hung-yi Lee", "James Glass", "Kai-Wei Chang", "Shao-Hua Sun", "Wei-Chih Chen", "Wenze Ren", "Yu Tsao", "eess.AS"], "answer_modalities": {"Chun-Yi Kuan": ["pdf"], "En-Pei Hu": ["pdf"], "Guan-Ting Lin": ["pdf"], "Hung-yi Lee": ["pdf"], "James Glass": ["pdf"], "Kai-Wei Chang": ["pdf"], "Shao-Hua Sun": ["pdf"], "Wei-Chih Chen": ["pdf"], "Wenze Ren": ["pdf"], "Yu Tsao": ["pdf"], "eess.AS": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "fef1144b7d92905f", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_music_fc9af3679c19", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["fef1144b7d92905f.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"fef1144b7d92905f.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "fef1144b7d92905f"}
+{"answer": ["Chunjin Jiang", "Linlin Mao", "Shefeng Yan", "Zeping Sui", "eess.SP"], "answer_modalities": {"Chunjin Jiang": ["pdf"], "Linlin Mao": ["pdf"], "Shefeng Yan": ["pdf"], "Zeping Sui": ["pdf"], "eess.SP": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "51a77712ef5962be", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_music_6f05e86e76d9", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["51a77712ef5962be.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"51a77712ef5962be.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "51a77712ef5962be"}
+{"answer": ["Cuntai Guan", "Eng Siong Chng", "Yuxin Li", "cs.CL"], "answer_modalities": {"Cuntai Guan": ["pdf"], "Eng Siong Chng": ["pdf"], "Yuxin Li": ["pdf"], "cs.CL": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "80cac2437a78ba29", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_music_e2cffb2c4afd", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["80cac2437a78ba29.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"80cac2437a78ba29.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "80cac2437a78ba29"}
+{"answer": ["Elika Bergelson", "Marvin Lavechin", "Roger Levy", "eess.AS"], "answer_modalities": {"Elika Bergelson": ["pdf"], "Marvin Lavechin": ["pdf"], "Roger Levy": ["pdf"], "eess.AS": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "9c1470acebba8a1f", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_music_2dde0cd2c85b", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["9c1470acebba8a1f.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"9c1470acebba8a1f.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "9c1470acebba8a1f"}
+{"answer": ["Federico Simonetta", "cs.SD"], "answer_modalities": {"Federico Simonetta": ["pdf"], "cs.SD": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "9a5c80fb444ec610", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_music_5f7a1748b4fd", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["9a5c80fb444ec610.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"9a5c80fb444ec610.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "9a5c80fb444ec610"}
+{"answer": ["Fernando Runstein", "Leonardo B. de M. M. Marques", "Lucas H. Ueda", "Paula D. P. Costa", "eess.AS"], "answer_modalities": {"Fernando Runstein": ["pdf"], "Leonardo B. de M. M. Marques": ["pdf"], "Lucas H. Ueda": ["pdf"], "Paula D. P. Costa": ["pdf"], "eess.AS": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "3c89e256217c6010", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_music_271a756e70c6", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["3c89e256217c6010.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"3c89e256217c6010.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "3c89e256217c6010"}
+{"answer": ["Franco Pierucci", "Massimiliano Zampini", "Matteo Spanio", "cs.SD"], "answer_modalities": {"Franco Pierucci": ["pdf"], "Massimiliano Zampini": ["pdf"], "Matteo Spanio": ["pdf"], "cs.SD": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "a973d1afad5994fe", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_music_1d97ba4d37f7", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["a973d1afad5994fe.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"a973d1afad5994fe.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "a973d1afad5994fe"}
+{"answer": ["Fred Jalbert-Desforges", "cs.SD"], "answer_modalities": {"Fred Jalbert-Desforges": ["pdf"], "cs.SD": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "101f13ea78c1fc6f", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_music_1098e167494a", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["101f13ea78c1fc6f.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"101f13ea78c1fc6f.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "101f13ea78c1fc6f"}
+{"answer": ["Genliang Zhao", "Guangmin Xia", "Hongjie Chen", "Jian Kang", "Jie Li", "Jie Lian", "Yaodong Song", "Yongxiang Li", "Yuxin Zhang", "Zehan Li", "cs.CL"], "answer_modalities": {"Genliang Zhao": ["pdf"], "Guangmin Xia": ["pdf"], "Hongjie Chen": ["pdf"], "Jian Kang": ["pdf"], "Jie Li": ["pdf"], "Jie Lian": ["pdf"], "Yaodong Song": ["pdf"], "Yongxiang Li": ["pdf"], "Yuxin Zhang": ["pdf"], "Zehan Li": ["pdf"], "cs.CL": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "41ce1a5f68c54f1c", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_music_733f60858834", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["41ce1a5f68c54f1c.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"41ce1a5f68c54f1c.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "41ce1a5f68c54f1c"}
+{"answer": ["Gerhard Widmer", "Joann Ching", "cs.SD"], "answer_modalities": {"Gerhard Widmer": ["pdf"], "Joann Ching": ["pdf"], "cs.SD": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "b7775fe107e45e06", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_music_b5e6cc97c0ad", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["b7775fe107e45e06.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"b7775fe107e45e06.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "b7775fe107e45e06"}
+{"answer": ["Gerhard Widmer", "Patricia Hu", "Silvan David Peter", "eess.AS"], "answer_modalities": {"Gerhard Widmer": ["pdf"], "Patricia Hu": ["pdf"], "Silvan David Peter": ["pdf"], "eess.AS": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "0546fab140c26a6c", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_music_26dbe708974d", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["0546fab140c26a6c.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"0546fab140c26a6c.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "0546fab140c26a6c"}
+{"answer": ["Gloria Dal Santo", "Karolina Prawda", "Sebastian J. Schlecht", "Vesa Välimäki"], "answer_modalities": {"Gloria Dal Santo": ["pdf"], "Karolina Prawda": ["pdf"], "Sebastian J. Schlecht": ["pdf"], "Vesa Välimäki": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "a4ceaa4c0fcaf986", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_music_35940327e5e3", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["a4ceaa4c0fcaf986.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"a4ceaa4c0fcaf986.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "a4ceaa4c0fcaf986"}
+{"answer": ["Haoyu Song", "Ian McLoughlin", "Kang Li", "Pengfei Cai", "Yan Song", "cs.SD"], "answer_modalities": {"Haoyu Song": ["pdf"], "Ian McLoughlin": ["pdf"], "Kang Li": ["pdf"], "Pengfei Cai": ["pdf"], "Yan Song": ["pdf"], "cs.SD": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "76e5209985b47599", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_music_d1a7242c3639", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["76e5209985b47599.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"76e5209985b47599.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "76e5209985b47599"}
+{"answer": ["Hitoshi Suda", "Jun Ogata", "Satoru Fukayama", "Shunsuke Yoshida", "Tomohiko Nakamura", "cs.SD", "eess.AS"], "answer_modalities": {"Hitoshi Suda": ["pdf"], "Jun Ogata": ["pdf"], "Satoru Fukayama": ["pdf"], "Shunsuke Yoshida": ["pdf"], "Tomohiko Nakamura": ["pdf"], "cs.SD": ["pdf"], "eess.AS": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "739a0f163c23358d", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_music_09c4ea556fa5", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["739a0f163c23358d.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"739a0f163c23358d.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "739a0f163c23358d"}
+{"answer": ["Hung-Yi Lee", "Jia-Kai Dong", "Yu-Xiang Lin", "cs.SD"], "answer_modalities": {"Hung-Yi Lee": ["pdf"], "Jia-Kai Dong": ["pdf"], "Yu-Xiang Lin": ["pdf"], "cs.SD": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "d3fb9a755a0841cc", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_music_c739a8936456", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["d3fb9a755a0841cc.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"d3fb9a755a0841cc.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "d3fb9a755a0841cc"}
+{"answer": ["Jun Xiao", "Kexin Li", "Yi Yang", "Zongxin Yang", "cs.CV"], "answer_modalities": {"Jun Xiao": ["pdf"], "Kexin Li": ["pdf"], "Yi Yang": ["pdf"], "Zongxin Yang": ["pdf"], "cs.CV": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "8860da521f57f64a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_music_e17c76caad97", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["8860da521f57f64a.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"8860da521f57f64a.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "8860da521f57f64a"}
+{"answer": ["Kazuma Komiya", "Yoshihisa Fukuhara", "cs.SD"], "answer_modalities": {"Kazuma Komiya": ["pdf"], "Yoshihisa Fukuhara": ["pdf"], "cs.SD": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "ee1b36252dd278f6", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_music_8ac9014caec4", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["ee1b36252dd278f6.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"ee1b36252dd278f6.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "ee1b36252dd278f6"}
+{"answer": ["Ke Chen", "Mingyang Yao", "Shlomo Dubnov", "Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick", "cs.SD"], "answer_modalities": {"Ke Chen": ["pdf"], "Mingyang Yao": ["pdf"], "Shlomo Dubnov": ["pdf"], "Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick": ["pdf"], "cs.SD": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "551ff4c626a9801c", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_music_a097d49336aa", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["551ff4c626a9801c.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"551ff4c626a9801c.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "551ff4c626a9801c"}
+{"answer": ["Nidula Elgiriyewithana", "cs.SD"], "answer_modalities": {"Nidula Elgiriyewithana": ["pdf"], "cs.SD": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "7f40944a51a98ee8", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_music_3f52d6f05c1e", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["7f40944a51a98ee8.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"7f40944a51a98ee8.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "7f40944a51a98ee8"}
+{"answer": ["Ori Yonay", "Tianbao Yang", "Tracy Hammond", "cs.SD"], "answer_modalities": {"Ori Yonay": ["pdf"], "Tianbao Yang": ["pdf"], "Tracy Hammond": ["pdf"], "cs.SD": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "f66c8660a660ec6e", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_music_f1974fa1b33b", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["f66c8660a660ec6e.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"f66c8660a660ec6e.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "f66c8660a660ec6e"}
+{"answer": ["Osamu Take", "Taketo Akama", "cs.SD"], "answer_modalities": {"Osamu Take": ["pdf"], "Taketo Akama": ["pdf"], "cs.SD": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "9be7e3f49bf33058", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_music_02ac44711ba6", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["9be7e3f49bf33058.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"9be7e3f49bf33058.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "9be7e3f49bf33058"}
+{"answer": ["cs.SD"], "answer_modalities": {"cs.SD": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "4e142b44c7d027d9", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_music_d773ebe12b95", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["4e142b44c7d027d9.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"4e142b44c7d027d9.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "4e142b44c7d027d9"}
diff --git a/release/gold/T1/politics.jsonl b/release/gold/T1/politics.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c42ec38b1e34723fd120c7027ded6004bee49d8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/gold/T1/politics.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{"answer": ["African Affairs", "Foreign Affairs", "Middle Eastern Affairs"], "answer_modalities": {"African Affairs": ["pdf"], "Foreign Affairs": ["pdf"], "Middle Eastern Affairs": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "2efd6451c0bec60e", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_politics_9717e0272cb3", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["2efd6451c0bec60e.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"2efd6451c0bec60e.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "2efd6451c0bec60e"}
+{"answer": ["African Affairs", "Foreign Affairs"], "answer_modalities": {"African Affairs": ["pdf"], "Foreign Affairs": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "b5e758c1371b06ce", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_politics_1a2d9d4b6cf2", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["b5e758c1371b06ce.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"b5e758c1371b06ce.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "b5e758c1371b06ce"}
+{"answer": ["Agricultural Policy"], "answer_modalities": {"Agricultural Policy": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "50dcee6190689636", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_politics_b19b00a9166a", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["50dcee6190689636.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"50dcee6190689636.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "50dcee6190689636"}
+{"answer": ["Alan Gelb", "Benn Eifert", "Decentralization", "Nils Borje Tallroth"], "answer_modalities": {"Alan Gelb": ["pdf"], "Benn Eifert": ["pdf"], "Decentralization": ["pdf"], "Nils Borje Tallroth": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "caf554991bdb814c", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_politics_340b9996189c", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["caf554991bdb814c.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"caf554991bdb814c.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "caf554991bdb814c"}
+{"answer": ["Ambar Narayan", "Basab Dasgupta", "Emmanuel Skoufias", "Kai Kaiser"], "answer_modalities": {"Ambar Narayan": ["pdf"], "Basab Dasgupta": ["pdf"], "Emmanuel Skoufias": ["pdf"], "Kai Kaiser": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "788aaf3e345a5c68", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_politics_9391f2171016", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["788aaf3e345a5c68.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"788aaf3e345a5c68.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "788aaf3e345a5c68"}
+{"answer": ["American Law"], "answer_modalities": {"American Law": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "3d7390de554ca2df", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_politics_72ddd6f0f730", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["3d7390de554ca2df.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"3d7390de554ca2df.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "3d7390de554ca2df"}
+{"answer": ["American Law"], "answer_modalities": {"American Law": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "40482fd0e46ce2f6", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_politics_c915f167a59c", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["40482fd0e46ce2f6.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"40482fd0e46ce2f6.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "40482fd0e46ce2f6"}
+{"answer": ["Appropriations", "Economic Policy"], "answer_modalities": {"Appropriations": ["pdf"], "Economic Policy": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "848074ddd4b6baf8", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_politics_be0ae3e773eb", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["848074ddd4b6baf8.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"848074ddd4b6baf8.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "848074ddd4b6baf8"}
+{"answer": ["Appropriations", "National Defense"], "answer_modalities": {"Appropriations": ["pdf"], "National Defense": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "389052741ac7ba55", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_politics_30a179897867", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["389052741ac7ba55.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"389052741ac7ba55.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "389052741ac7ba55"}
+{"answer": ["Appropriations", "Science and Technology Policy"], "answer_modalities": {"Appropriations": ["pdf"], "Science and Technology Policy": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "aea6d5a872eda64b", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_politics_6f0161a4a8fd", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["aea6d5a872eda64b.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"aea6d5a872eda64b.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "aea6d5a872eda64b"}
+{"answer": ["Appropriations"], "answer_modalities": {"Appropriations": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "7dab9d1829dbb221", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_politics_0e2ab0135ea9", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["7dab9d1829dbb221.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"7dab9d1829dbb221.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "7dab9d1829dbb221"}
+{"answer": ["Appropriations"], "answer_modalities": {"Appropriations": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "a3383e198c004229", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_politics_f38e6acdd25e", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["a3383e198c004229.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"a3383e198c004229.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "a3383e198c004229"}
+{"answer": ["Domestic Social Policy"], "answer_modalities": {"Domestic Social Policy": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "42e81c5ad3ca0280", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_politics_0e90b8d9aab8", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["42e81c5ad3ca0280.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"42e81c5ad3ca0280.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "42e81c5ad3ca0280"}
+{"answer": ["Domestic Social Policy"], "answer_modalities": {"Domestic Social Policy": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "6690508f9e7bbd71", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_politics_653e3710519a", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["6690508f9e7bbd71.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"6690508f9e7bbd71.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "6690508f9e7bbd71"}
+{"answer": ["Domestic Social Policy"], "answer_modalities": {"Domestic Social Policy": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "d2d295992efe1cf8", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_politics_4063089ac4a9", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["d2d295992efe1cf8.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"d2d295992efe1cf8.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "d2d295992efe1cf8"}
+{"answer": ["Domestic Social Policy"], "answer_modalities": {"Domestic Social Policy": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "fe27df58be86f8da", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_politics_42fcc8b59d3b", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["fe27df58be86f8da.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"fe27df58be86f8da.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "fe27df58be86f8da"}
+{"answer": ["Economic Policy", "Foreign Affairs"], "answer_modalities": {"Economic Policy": ["pdf"], "Foreign Affairs": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "75517cf7357a69de", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_politics_6551752c93ab", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["75517cf7357a69de.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"75517cf7357a69de.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "75517cf7357a69de"}
+{"answer": ["Economic Policy", "Foreign Affairs"], "answer_modalities": {"Economic Policy": ["pdf"], "Foreign Affairs": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "a1dc66cf882ee777", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_politics_f5a1518c730d", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["a1dc66cf882ee777.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"a1dc66cf882ee777.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "a1dc66cf882ee777"}
+{"answer": ["Economic Policy"], "answer_modalities": {"Economic Policy": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "89fc57950fdf7d10", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_politics_d87f1bb8405f", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["89fc57950fdf7d10.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"89fc57950fdf7d10.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "89fc57950fdf7d10"}
+{"answer": ["Economic Policy"], "answer_modalities": {"Economic Policy": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "f87da917a09dd2f7", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_politics_f2751f7faf82", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["f87da917a09dd2f7.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item that consists of the file(s) \"f87da917a09dd2f7.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "f87da917a09dd2f7"}
+{"answer": ["Energy Policy", "Environmental Policy"], "answer_modalities": {"Energy Policy": ["pdf"], "Environmental Policy": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "aff62145645b28ea", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_politics_f2149b0242ff", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["aff62145645b28ea.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"aff62145645b28ea.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "aff62145645b28ea"}
+{"answer": ["Energy Policy", "Foreign Affairs"], "answer_modalities": {"Energy Policy": ["pdf"], "Foreign Affairs": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "3b73af4f4e52b900", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_politics_2426d8ef4311", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["3b73af4f4e52b900.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"3b73af4f4e52b900.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "3b73af4f4e52b900"}
+{"answer": ["Energy Policy", "Science and Technology Policy"], "answer_modalities": {"Energy Policy": ["pdf"], "Science and Technology Policy": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "346d08864a9a7717", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_politics_17cfe4274c6c", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["346d08864a9a7717.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"346d08864a9a7717.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "346d08864a9a7717"}
+{"answer": ["Energy Policy"], "answer_modalities": {"Energy Policy": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "4e336e44d92b625f", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_politics_f38955816643", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["4e336e44d92b625f.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" are contained in the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"4e336e44d92b625f.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each one appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "4e336e44d92b625f"}
+{"answer": ["Environmental Policy"], "answer_modalities": {"Environmental Policy": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "92166ecddb75e2a2", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_politics_8ef73d9fc927", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["92166ecddb75e2a2.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"92166ecddb75e2a2.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "92166ecddb75e2a2"}
+{"answer": ["Foreign Affairs", "Middle Eastern Affairs", "National Defense"], "answer_modalities": {"Foreign Affairs": ["pdf"], "Middle Eastern Affairs": ["pdf"], "National Defense": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "532966f344b3e483", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_politics_4df21549f8f7", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["532966f344b3e483.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"532966f344b3e483.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "532966f344b3e483"}
+{"answer": ["Foreign Affairs", "National Defense"], "answer_modalities": {"Foreign Affairs": ["pdf"], "National Defense": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "19273398254256e7", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_politics_0d57d9ec12ce", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["19273398254256e7.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"19273398254256e7.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "19273398254256e7"}
+{"answer": ["Foreign Affairs", "National Defense"], "answer_modalities": {"Foreign Affairs": ["pdf"], "National Defense": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "2ff323ac35938c9e", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_politics_8ef645e5add5", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["2ff323ac35938c9e.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"2ff323ac35938c9e.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "2ff323ac35938c9e"}
+{"answer": ["Foreign Affairs", "National Defense"], "answer_modalities": {"Foreign Affairs": ["pdf"], "National Defense": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "f8ae9ba008ff4058", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_politics_912d987561ff", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["f8ae9ba008ff4058.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" are contained in the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"f8ae9ba008ff4058.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "f8ae9ba008ff4058"}
+{"answer": ["Foreign Affairs", "National Defense"], "answer_modalities": {"Foreign Affairs": ["pdf"], "National Defense": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "fe3c21c761ce3cd0", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_politics_0e9ba2f6ba45", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["fe3c21c761ce3cd0.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"fe3c21c761ce3cd0.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "fe3c21c761ce3cd0"}
+{"answer": ["Foreign Affairs"], "answer_modalities": {"Foreign Affairs": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "146e4be338c10b05", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_politics_92d23fd87a25", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["146e4be338c10b05.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"146e4be338c10b05.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "146e4be338c10b05"}
+{"answer": ["Foreign Affairs"], "answer_modalities": {"Foreign Affairs": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "bde461c6c6f8e65e", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_politics_f70315809c4b", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["bde461c6c6f8e65e.pdf"], "text": "What entities of type \"author\" and \"subject\" are contained in the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"bde461c6c6f8e65e.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each one appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "bde461c6c6f8e65e"}
+{"answer": ["Health Policy"], "answer_modalities": {"Health Policy": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "0259b320b726e941", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_politics_cd3a59a83790", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["0259b320b726e941.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"0259b320b726e941.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "0259b320b726e941"}
+{"answer": ["Legislative Process"], "answer_modalities": {"Legislative Process": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "b2ddd96ed90d0f95", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_politics_5248b551c1b8", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["b2ddd96ed90d0f95.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"b2ddd96ed90d0f95.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "b2ddd96ed90d0f95"}
+{"answer": ["National Defense"], "answer_modalities": {"National Defense": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "2253a14cf507c17a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_politics_dabea6f87ccf", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["2253a14cf507c17a.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of type \"author\" and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"2253a14cf507c17a.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "2253a14cf507c17a"}
+{"answer": ["National Defense"], "answer_modalities": {"National Defense": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "b29732ae8a75adc7", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_politics_5cfacfbea53c", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["b29732ae8a75adc7.pdf"], "text": "What entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"b29732ae8a75adc7.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "b29732ae8a75adc7"}
+{"answer": ["National Defense"], "answer_modalities": {"National Defense": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "baba14312950ede6", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_politics_cb39301c4ff6", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["baba14312950ede6.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the PDF item containing the file(s) \"baba14312950ede6.pdf\" include, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each one appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "baba14312950ede6"}
+{"answer": ["National Defense"], "answer_modalities": {"National Defense": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "e66dc889e0502869", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_politics_0ff6353038bf", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["e66dc889e0502869.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"e66dc889e0502869.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "e66dc889e0502869"}
+{"answer": ["Public Financial Management", "Public Investment Management", "World Bank"], "answer_modalities": {"Public Financial Management": ["pdf"], "Public Investment Management": ["pdf"], "World Bank": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "bbe3c3bc31cbe2d2", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_politics_7de342b57617", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["bbe3c3bc31cbe2d2.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item that consists of the file(s) \"bbe3c3bc31cbe2d2.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "bbe3c3bc31cbe2d2"}
+{"answer": ["Transportation Policy"], "answer_modalities": {"Transportation Policy": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "f5681f79d7b0ed45", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_politics_0206073976f7", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["f5681f79d7b0ed45.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of type \"author\" and \"subject\" are contained in the PDF item that consists of the file(s) \"f5681f79d7b0ed45.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "f5681f79d7b0ed45"}
diff --git a/release/gold/T1/psychology.jsonl b/release/gold/T1/psychology.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..451a82de94c2b38a3f9da296b0913b766550acf9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/gold/T1/psychology.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{"answer": ["A. T. Pereira", "G. F. Varandas Rodrigues", "Psychiatry and Mental Health, Unidade Local de Saúde do Alto Minho, Viana do Castelo, Portugal"], "answer_modalities": {"A. T. Pereira": ["pdf"], "G. F. Varandas Rodrigues": ["pdf"], "Psychiatry and Mental Health, Unidade Local de Saúde do Alto Minho, Viana do Castelo, Portugal": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "87abc5a5a58f42c1", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_psychology_0166e64322d2", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["87abc5a5a58f42c1.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"87abc5a5a58f42c1.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "87abc5a5a58f42c1"}
+{"answer": ["Aaron Peikert"], "answer_modalities": {"Aaron Peikert": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "c887a44c6793a4c0", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_psychology_4571dac27cac", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["c887a44c6793a4c0.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"c887a44c6793a4c0.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each one appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "c887a44c6793a4c0"}
+{"answer": ["Adriana Espinosa", "Laura Brandt", "Robert Melara", "Teresa López-Castro"], "answer_modalities": {"Adriana Espinosa": ["pdf"], "Laura Brandt": ["pdf"], "Robert Melara": ["pdf"], "Teresa López-Castro": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "cd030a712c8cfa98", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_psychology_4db5fc261b95", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["cd030a712c8cfa98.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" are contained in the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"cd030a712c8cfa98.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "cd030a712c8cfa98"}
+{"answer": ["Alexander Sawatzke", "Cesar de Cesar Netto", "Kareem Omran", "Kevin Dibbern", "Sara Putnam"], "answer_modalities": {"Alexander Sawatzke": ["pdf"], "Cesar de Cesar Netto": ["pdf"], "Kareem Omran": ["pdf"], "Kevin Dibbern": ["pdf"], "Sara Putnam": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "ba2aa44816a72db2", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_psychology_b8ca6f247895", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["ba2aa44816a72db2.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"ba2aa44816a72db2.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "ba2aa44816a72db2"}
+{"answer": ["Ali Reza Shafiee-Kandjani", "Animals", "Anxiety Disorders", "Cognition", "Department of Community Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran", "Depression", "Depressive Disorder", "Fatemeh Sadat Gheibi", "Humans", "Leila Hosseini", "Parinaz Kalejahi", "Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran", "Saeed Dastgiri", "Seyed Gholamreza Noorazar"], "answer_modalities": {"Ali Reza Shafiee-Kandjani": ["pdf"], "Animals": ["pdf"], "Anxiety Disorders": ["pdf"], "Cognition": ["pdf"], "Department of Community Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran": ["pdf"], "Depression": ["pdf"], "Depressive Disorder": ["pdf"], "Fatemeh Sadat Gheibi": ["pdf"], "Humans": ["pdf"], "Leila Hosseini": ["pdf"], "Parinaz Kalejahi": ["pdf"], "Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran": ["pdf"], "Saeed Dastgiri": ["pdf"], "Seyed Gholamreza Noorazar": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "efee61d2f00a0361", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_psychology_c522a010d42b", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["efee61d2f00a0361.pdf"], "text": "What entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"efee61d2f00a0361.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "efee61d2f00a0361"}
+{"answer": ["Amanda Seidl", "Christa Wojcik", "Developmental Psychology", "Lauren Buckley", "Linguistics", "Ruth Tincoff"], "answer_modalities": {"Amanda Seidl": ["pdf"], "Christa Wojcik": ["pdf"], "Developmental Psychology": ["pdf"], "Lauren Buckley": ["pdf"], "Linguistics": ["pdf"], "Ruth Tincoff": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "cf07cf0ed7b66cc8", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_psychology_fa7c812c2482", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["cf07cf0ed7b66cc8.pdf"], "text": "What entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"cf07cf0ed7b66cc8.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "cf07cf0ed7b66cc8"}
+{"answer": ["Amir El Rahal", "Brain", "Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak", "Charlotte Zander", "Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany", "Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany", "Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Breisacher-Str. 64, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany", "Female", "Florian Volz", "German CSF Center, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany", "Horst Urbach", "Intracranial Hypotension", "Jürgen Beck", "Katharina Wolf", "Magnetic Resonance Imaging", "Manou Overstijns", "Niklas Lützen", "Pierre Scheffler"], "answer_modalities": {"Amir El Rahal": ["pdf"], "Brain": ["pdf"], "Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak": ["pdf"], "Charlotte Zander": ["pdf"], "Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany": ["pdf"], "Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany": ["pdf"], "Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Breisacher-Str. 64, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany": ["pdf"], "Female": ["pdf"], "Florian Volz": ["pdf"], "German CSF Center, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany": ["pdf"], "Horst Urbach": ["pdf"], "Intracranial Hypotension": ["pdf"], "Jürgen Beck": ["pdf"], "Katharina Wolf": ["pdf"], "Magnetic Resonance Imaging": ["pdf"], "Manou Overstijns": ["pdf"], "Niklas Lützen": ["pdf"], "Pierre Scheffler": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "a5fc5bdf03b56222", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_psychology_7ec30eb4c45e", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["a5fc5bdf03b56222.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"a5fc5bdf03b56222.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "a5fc5bdf03b56222"}
+{"answer": ["Andrea Madarasová Gecková", "Augustina Jankauskiene", "BENU Pharmacy PHOENIX Group Serbia Belgrade Serbia", "Bojana Knežević", "Cheryl Spencer Department of Nursing University of Haifa Haifa Israel", "Comprehensive Health Research Center National School of Public Health NOVA University Lisbon Lisbon Portugal", "Department of Health Psychology Miguel Hernández University of Elche Elche Spain", "Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology Faculty of Medicine Pavol Jozef Šafárik University Kosice Slovakia", "Department of Health Systems Management and Leadership Faculty of Health Sciences University of Malta Malta Malta", "Dragana Jocic", "Einav Srulovici", "Faculty of Pharmacy University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia", "Faculty of Social and Health Care LAB University of Applied Sciences Lappeenranta Finland", "Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of the Valencia Region (FISABIO) Sant Joan d'Alacant Spain", "Institute of Applied Psychology Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences Comenius University Bratislava Bratislava Slovakia", "Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia", "Ireen Bruus", "Irene Carrillo", "Ivana Skoumalová", "José Joaquín Mira", "Kaja Põlluste", "Marina Odalovic", "Paulo Sousa", "Pediatric Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Medicine Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania", "Public Health Research Centre National School of Public Health NOVA University Lisbon Lisbon Portugal", "Reinhard Strametz", "Sandra C Buttigieg", "Sofia Guerra-Paiva", "Susanna Tella", "Tartu Health Care College Tartu Estonia", "University Hospital Centre Zagreb University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia", "Victoria Klemm", "Wiesbaden Institute for Healthcare Economics and Patient Safety (WiHelP) Wiesbaden Business School RheinMain University of Applied Sciences Wiesbaden Germany"], "answer_modalities": {"Andrea Madarasová Gecková": ["pdf"], "Augustina Jankauskiene": ["pdf"], "BENU Pharmacy PHOENIX Group Serbia Belgrade Serbia": ["pdf"], "Bojana Knežević": ["pdf"], "Cheryl Spencer Department of Nursing University of Haifa Haifa Israel": ["pdf"], "Comprehensive Health Research Center National School of Public Health NOVA University Lisbon Lisbon Portugal": ["pdf"], "Department of Health Psychology Miguel Hernández University of Elche Elche Spain": ["pdf"], "Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology Faculty of Medicine Pavol Jozef Šafárik University Kosice Slovakia": ["pdf"], "Department of Health Systems Management and Leadership Faculty of Health Sciences University of Malta Malta Malta": ["pdf"], "Dragana Jocic": ["pdf"], "Einav Srulovici": ["pdf"], "Faculty of Pharmacy University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia": ["pdf"], "Faculty of Social and Health Care LAB University of Applied Sciences Lappeenranta Finland": ["pdf"], "Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of the Valencia Region (FISABIO) Sant Joan d'Alacant Spain": ["pdf"], "Institute of Applied Psychology Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences Comenius University Bratislava Bratislava Slovakia": ["pdf"], "Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia": ["pdf"], "Ireen Bruus": ["pdf"], "Irene Carrillo": ["pdf"], "Ivana Skoumalová": ["pdf"], "José Joaquín Mira": ["pdf"], "Kaja Põlluste": ["pdf"], "Marina Odalovic": ["pdf"], "Paulo Sousa": ["pdf"], "Pediatric Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Medicine Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania": ["pdf"], "Public Health Research Centre National School of Public Health NOVA University Lisbon Lisbon Portugal": ["pdf"], "Reinhard Strametz": ["pdf"], "Sandra C Buttigieg": ["pdf"], "Sofia Guerra-Paiva": ["pdf"], "Susanna Tella": ["pdf"], "Tartu Health Care College Tartu Estonia": ["pdf"], "University Hospital Centre Zagreb University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia": ["pdf"], "Victoria Klemm": ["pdf"], "Wiesbaden Institute for Healthcare Economics and Patient Safety (WiHelP) Wiesbaden Business School RheinMain University of Applied Sciences Wiesbaden Germany": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "c2e0602f51206d70", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_psychology_8fd558cd3efc", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["c2e0602f51206d70.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"c2e0602f51206d70.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "c2e0602f51206d70"}
+{"answer": ["Andreas Lipphaus", "Biomedical Engineering Lab, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany", "Bone Remodeling", "Child", "Clinic for Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Institut für Muskuloskelettale Medizin, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany", "Clinic of Pediatric Surgery, St. Mary’s Hospital Witten, Witten, Germany", "Department of General-, Visceral- and Pediatric Surgery, St. Vinzenz Krankenhaus Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany", "Epiphyses", "Femur", "Finite Element Analysis", "Growth Plate", "Male", "Matthias Klimek", "Sascha Selkmann", "Ulrich Witzel"], "answer_modalities": {"Andreas Lipphaus": ["pdf"], "Biomedical Engineering Lab, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany": ["pdf"], "Bone Remodeling": ["pdf"], "Child": ["pdf"], "Clinic for Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Institut für Muskuloskelettale Medizin, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany": ["pdf"], "Clinic of Pediatric Surgery, St. Mary’s Hospital Witten, Witten, Germany": ["pdf"], "Department of General-, Visceral- and Pediatric Surgery, St. Vinzenz Krankenhaus Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany": ["pdf"], "Epiphyses": ["pdf"], "Femur": ["pdf"], "Finite Element Analysis": ["pdf"], "Growth Plate": ["pdf"], "Male": ["pdf"], "Matthias Klimek": ["pdf"], "Sascha Selkmann": ["pdf"], "Ulrich Witzel": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "d0e1b44231718a23", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_psychology_bf68c87e8163", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["d0e1b44231718a23.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"d0e1b44231718a23.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "d0e1b44231718a23"}
+{"answer": ["Angelo d'Errico", "Department of Epidemiology, Local Health Unit TO 3, 10095 Grugliasco Turin, Italy", "Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark", "Department of Work and Health, Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), 10317 Berlin, Germany", "Hermann Burr", "Ina Schöllgen", "Kathrine Sørensen", "Louise Dalsager", "National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 1455 Copenhagen K, Denmark", "National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark", "Norbert Kersten", "Reiner Rugulies", "Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark", "Uwe Rose"], "answer_modalities": {"Angelo d'Errico": ["pdf"], "Department of Epidemiology, Local Health Unit TO 3, 10095 Grugliasco Turin, Italy": ["pdf"], "Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark": ["pdf"], "Department of Work and Health, Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), 10317 Berlin, Germany": ["pdf"], "Hermann Burr": ["pdf"], "Ina Schöllgen": ["pdf"], "Kathrine Sørensen": ["pdf"], "Louise Dalsager": ["pdf"], "National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 1455 Copenhagen K, Denmark": ["pdf"], "National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark": ["pdf"], "Norbert Kersten": ["pdf"], "Reiner Rugulies": ["pdf"], "Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark": ["pdf"], "Uwe Rose": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "22f3694b1f5683e1", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_psychology_efab882ecc84", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["22f3694b1f5683e1.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"22f3694b1f5683e1.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "22f3694b1f5683e1"}
+{"answer": ["Animals", "Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity", "Center for Transgenesis and Genome Editing, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia", "Corpus Striatum", "Male", "Proteome", "Proteomics", "Rats"], "answer_modalities": {"Animals": ["pdf"], "Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity": ["pdf"], "Center for Transgenesis and Genome Editing, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia": ["pdf"], "Corpus Striatum": ["pdf"], "Male": ["pdf"], "Proteome": ["pdf"], "Proteomics": ["pdf"], "Rats": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "4253453eba7e36fc", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_psychology_d680e3eb4be9", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["4253453eba7e36fc.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", or \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"4253453eba7e36fc.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "4253453eba7e36fc"}
+{"answer": ["Arthur G. Samuel", "Brian W. L. Wong", "Language"], "answer_modalities": {"Arthur G. Samuel": ["pdf"], "Brian W. L. Wong": ["pdf"], "Language": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "d1395b48580ec430", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_psychology_2dbefdf21895", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["d1395b48580ec430.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item that consists of the file(s) \"d1395b48580ec430.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "d1395b48580ec430"}
+{"answer": ["Ashley L. Watts", "Daniel P. Moriarity", "Diagnosis", "Eiko I. Fried", "Gregory W. Forbes", "John F. Buss", "Kasey Stanton", "Lorenzo Lorenzo-Luaces", "Mental Disorders", "Miriam K. Forbes", "Psychiatry"], "answer_modalities": {"Ashley L. Watts": ["pdf"], "Daniel P. Moriarity": ["pdf"], "Diagnosis": ["pdf"], "Eiko I. Fried": ["pdf"], "Gregory W. Forbes": ["pdf"], "John F. Buss": ["pdf"], "Kasey Stanton": ["pdf"], "Lorenzo Lorenzo-Luaces": ["pdf"], "Mental Disorders": ["pdf"], "Miriam K. Forbes": ["pdf"], "Psychiatry": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "a170e93886513fb0", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_psychology_2a0ac0e72efa", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["a170e93886513fb0.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"a170e93886513fb0.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "a170e93886513fb0"}
+{"answer": ["Bai Li", "Hongling Jia", "Yongchen Zhang", "Yuqiao Chao", "Zhaozhan Xie"], "answer_modalities": {"Bai Li": ["pdf"], "Hongling Jia": ["pdf"], "Yongchen Zhang": ["pdf"], "Yuqiao Chao": ["pdf"], "Zhaozhan Xie": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "8c079fcd34e8a533", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_psychology_9602ad7048f5", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["8c079fcd34e8a533.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"8c079fcd34e8a533.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "8c079fcd34e8a533"}
+{"answer": ["Beijing Key Laboratory of Lightweight Multi-Functional Composite Materials and Structures, Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100080, China", "Ruijie Dai", "School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Energy Power Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China", "Wuhan Second Ship Design and Research Institute, Wuhan 430205, China", "Ying Li", "Zhaozhe Ma", "Zhiwei Zhou"], "answer_modalities": {"Beijing Key Laboratory of Lightweight Multi-Functional Composite Materials and Structures, Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100080, China": ["pdf"], "Ruijie Dai": ["pdf"], "School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Energy Power Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China": ["pdf"], "Wuhan Second Ship Design and Research Institute, Wuhan 430205, China": ["pdf"], "Ying Li": ["pdf"], "Zhaozhe Ma": ["pdf"], "Zhiwei Zhou": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "5c3bb0b52b64c679", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_psychology_d1c138597934", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["5c3bb0b52b64c679.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"5c3bb0b52b64c679.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "5c3bb0b52b64c679"}
+{"answer": ["Brian Phelan", "Gerard Lacey", "Laura Cuddy", "Turlough Mc Nally"], "answer_modalities": {"Brian Phelan": ["pdf"], "Gerard Lacey": ["pdf"], "Laura Cuddy": ["pdf"], "Turlough Mc Nally": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "b09ea97e8c023e6a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_psychology_8de9800ec024", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["b09ea97e8c023e6a.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"b09ea97e8c023e6a.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "b09ea97e8c023e6a"}
+{"answer": ["Center for Research and Memory Clinic, Centro de Investigación y Terapias Avanzadas (CITA)Alzheimer Foundation, San Sebastián, ESP", "Department of Medical Affairs, Eli Lilly and Company, Madrid, ESP", "Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of Cantabria, Santander, ESP", "Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, Bilbao, ESP", "Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Research Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, ESP", "Department of Neurology, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Araba University Hospital-Txagorritxu, Vitoria-Gasteiz, ESP", "Department of Neurology, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, ESP", "Department of Outcomes Research, Outcomes’10 a Product-Life Group Company, Castellon de la Plana, ESP", "Department of Research, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, ESP", "Eloy Rodríguez", "Luis Lizan", "Mercedes Núñez", "Miren Altuna", "Silvia Díaz-Cerezo", "Ángel Trueba-Saiz"], "answer_modalities": {"Center for Research and Memory Clinic, Centro de Investigación y Terapias Avanzadas (CITA)Alzheimer Foundation, San Sebastián, ESP": ["pdf"], "Department of Medical Affairs, Eli Lilly and Company, Madrid, ESP": ["pdf"], "Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of Cantabria, Santander, ESP": ["pdf"], "Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, Bilbao, ESP": ["pdf"], "Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Research Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, ESP": ["pdf"], "Department of Neurology, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Araba University Hospital-Txagorritxu, Vitoria-Gasteiz, ESP": ["pdf"], "Department of Neurology, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, ESP": ["pdf"], "Department of Outcomes Research, Outcomes’10 a Product-Life Group Company, Castellon de la Plana, ESP": ["pdf"], "Department of Research, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, ESP": ["pdf"], "Eloy Rodríguez": ["pdf"], "Luis Lizan": ["pdf"], "Mercedes Núñez": ["pdf"], "Miren Altuna": ["pdf"], "Silvia Díaz-Cerezo": ["pdf"], "Ángel Trueba-Saiz": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "fbd0aa113e060275", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_psychology_8e17c3dc119e", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["fbd0aa113e060275.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"fbd0aa113e060275.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "fbd0aa113e060275"}
+{"answer": ["Chair of Structural Analysis and Dynamics, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Konrad-Wachsmann-Allee 2, 03046 Cottbus, Germany", "John Hanna", "Martin Drieschner"], "answer_modalities": {"Chair of Structural Analysis and Dynamics, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Konrad-Wachsmann-Allee 2, 03046 Cottbus, Germany": ["pdf"], "John Hanna": ["pdf"], "Martin Drieschner": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "5d1677f308f31aa6", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_psychology_b77830c3fb6b", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["5d1677f308f31aa6.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"5d1677f308f31aa6.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "5d1677f308f31aa6"}
+{"answer": ["Cognitive Neuroscience", "Dimitris Askitis", "Emanuela Yeung", "Helena-Céline Arøe Stevelt", "Infancy", "Victoria Southgate"], "answer_modalities": {"Cognitive Neuroscience": ["pdf"], "Dimitris Askitis": ["pdf"], "Emanuela Yeung": ["pdf"], "Helena-Céline Arøe Stevelt": ["pdf"], "Infancy": ["pdf"], "Victoria Southgate": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "3c8630d2cac9c8aa", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_psychology_98ae53166ddc", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["3c8630d2cac9c8aa.pdf"], "text": "What entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"3c8630d2cac9c8aa.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "3c8630d2cac9c8aa"}
+{"answer": ["College of Physics and Optoelectronic Technology, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji 721016, China", "Jing Luo", "Meiguang Zhang", "Qun Wei", "School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China", "Xinyu Wang"], "answer_modalities": {"College of Physics and Optoelectronic Technology, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji 721016, China": ["pdf"], "Jing Luo": ["pdf"], "Meiguang Zhang": ["pdf"], "Qun Wei": ["pdf"], "School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China": ["pdf"], "Xinyu Wang": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "91b503b62ec7c037", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_psychology_3086bb6d83c4", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["91b503b62ec7c037.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"91b503b62ec7c037.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "91b503b62ec7c037"}
+{"answer": ["Computational And Mathematical Methods In Medicine"], "answer_modalities": {"Computational And Mathematical Methods In Medicine": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "e6ca711a9aa642a5", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_psychology_ae628e2827aa", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["e6ca711a9aa642a5.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"e6ca711a9aa642a5.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "e6ca711a9aa642a5"}
+{"answer": ["Consciousness", "Yung-Jung Chen", "Zoltan Dienes"], "answer_modalities": {"Consciousness": ["pdf"], "Yung-Jung Chen": ["pdf"], "Zoltan Dienes": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "5159f2f522079866", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_psychology_0235c3eab7e2", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["5159f2f522079866.pdf"], "text": "What entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"5159f2f522079866.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "5159f2f522079866"}
+{"answer": ["David Luque", "Francisco Garre-Frutos", "Learning", "Miguel A. Vadillo", "Pablo Martínez-López", "Sara Molinero"], "answer_modalities": {"David Luque": ["pdf"], "Francisco Garre-Frutos": ["pdf"], "Learning": ["pdf"], "Miguel A. Vadillo": ["pdf"], "Pablo Martínez-López": ["pdf"], "Sara Molinero": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "001f21a9a5961690", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_psychology_30e6852511b3", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["001f21a9a5961690.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"001f21a9a5961690.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "001f21a9a5961690"}
+{"answer": ["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Samsun University, 55420 Samsun, Türkiye", "Department of Electronics and Automation, University of Health Sciences, Uskudar, 34668 Istanbul, Türkiye", "Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands", "Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands", "Murat Çolak", "TÜBİTAK National Metrology Institute (UME), 41470 Gebze, Türkiye", "Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Department of Digital Health Systems Technician, Bayburt University, 69000 Bayburt, Türkiye", "Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Department of Electronic Automation, Bayburt University, 69000 Bayburt, Türkiye", "Yasemin Tabak", "Zeynep Gerdan"], "answer_modalities": {"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Samsun University, 55420 Samsun, Türkiye": ["pdf"], "Department of Electronics and Automation, University of Health Sciences, Uskudar, 34668 Istanbul, Türkiye": ["pdf"], "Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands": ["pdf"], "Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands": ["pdf"], "Murat Çolak": ["pdf"], "TÜBİTAK National Metrology Institute (UME), 41470 Gebze, Türkiye": ["pdf"], "Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Department of Digital Health Systems Technician, Bayburt University, 69000 Bayburt, Türkiye": ["pdf"], "Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Department of Electronic Automation, Bayburt University, 69000 Bayburt, Türkiye": ["pdf"], "Yasemin Tabak": ["pdf"], "Zeynep Gerdan": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "e73ff2a968cd1749", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_psychology_df255f28bad0", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["e73ff2a968cd1749.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", or \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"e73ff2a968cd1749.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "e73ff2a968cd1749"}
+{"answer": ["Dhanraj Vishwanath", "Neuroscience", "Perception"], "answer_modalities": {"Dhanraj Vishwanath": ["pdf"], "Neuroscience": ["pdf"], "Perception": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "0f4735329fbd6c70", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_psychology_0d98808930e7", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["0f4735329fbd6c70.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"0f4735329fbd6c70.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "0f4735329fbd6c70"}
+{"answer": ["Diego Mauricio Celis Villamizar", "Elkin Pérez Hurtado", "Florencio Arias Coronel", "Juan Bustos Carvajal", "Mónica Bustos Carvajal"], "answer_modalities": {"Diego Mauricio Celis Villamizar": ["pdf"], "Elkin Pérez Hurtado": ["pdf"], "Florencio Arias Coronel": ["pdf"], "Juan Bustos Carvajal": ["pdf"], "Mónica Bustos Carvajal": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "2fbd0ec36e617963", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_psychology_8c9cc3a2fb6a", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["2fbd0ec36e617963.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"2fbd0ec36e617963.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "2fbd0ec36e617963"}
+{"answer": ["Douyan Cao", "Huiting Zhu", "Jigang Zhao"], "answer_modalities": {"Douyan Cao": ["pdf"], "Huiting Zhu": ["pdf"], "Jigang Zhao": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "a63dc45941cf9c34", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_psychology_37fe4c23a6a2", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["a63dc45941cf9c34.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"a63dc45941cf9c34.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "a63dc45941cf9c34"}
+{"answer": ["Emergency Medicine International"], "answer_modalities": {"Emergency Medicine International": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "1c4d26e9d7eeb891", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_psychology_7b8a5bb9dac7", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["1c4d26e9d7eeb891.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the PDF item that consists of the file(s) \"1c4d26e9d7eeb891.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "1c4d26e9d7eeb891"}
+{"answer": ["Evidence-Based Complementary And Alternative Medicine"], "answer_modalities": {"Evidence-Based Complementary And Alternative Medicine": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "a699cec472ff2a92", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_psychology_419ae1609413", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["a699cec472ff2a92.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"a699cec472ff2a92.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "a699cec472ff2a92"}
+{"answer": ["Felix Schönbrodt", "Johanna Einsiedler", "Johannes Breuer", "Kristin Jankowsky", "Mario Haim", "Maximilian Frank", "Philipp Knöpfle", "Timo Gnambs", "Ulrich Schroeders"], "answer_modalities": {"Felix Schönbrodt": ["pdf"], "Johanna Einsiedler": ["pdf"], "Johannes Breuer": ["pdf"], "Kristin Jankowsky": ["pdf"], "Mario Haim": ["pdf"], "Maximilian Frank": ["pdf"], "Philipp Knöpfle": ["pdf"], "Timo Gnambs": ["pdf"], "Ulrich Schroeders": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "30669bf4936ef1f8", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_psychology_d939d6f1f006", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["30669bf4936ef1f8.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"30669bf4936ef1f8.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "30669bf4936ef1f8"}
+{"answer": ["George Ko", "Lukas Wallrich"], "answer_modalities": {"George Ko": ["pdf"], "Lukas Wallrich": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "5806607674ba9813", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_psychology_31305ee57db0", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["5806607674ba9813.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"5806607674ba9813.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "5806607674ba9813"}
+{"answer": ["Gro Mjeldheim Sandal", "Marit Sijbrandij", "Michalis Lavdas", "Tormod Bøe", "Trynke Hoekstra"], "answer_modalities": {"Gro Mjeldheim Sandal": ["pdf"], "Marit Sijbrandij": ["pdf"], "Michalis Lavdas": ["pdf"], "Tormod Bøe": ["pdf"], "Trynke Hoekstra": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "0b4397bfe23f7626", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_psychology_36170c77a665", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["0b4397bfe23f7626.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"0b4397bfe23f7626.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "0b4397bfe23f7626"}
+{"answer": ["Historical Linguistics", "Kathleen Rastle", "Language"], "answer_modalities": {"Historical Linguistics": ["pdf"], "Kathleen Rastle": ["pdf"], "Language": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "343d0feaaecaeed5", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_psychology_9ad7f5896276", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["343d0feaaecaeed5.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"343d0feaaecaeed5.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "343d0feaaecaeed5"}
+{"answer": ["Jennifer Norton", "Kayla Jones", "Kelly Perales", "West Kentucky Educational Cooperative, Murray, KY 42071, USA"], "answer_modalities": {"Jennifer Norton": ["pdf"], "Kayla Jones": ["pdf"], "Kelly Perales": ["pdf"], "West Kentucky Educational Cooperative, Murray, KY 42071, USA": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "e8a0ffc5e5022d36", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_psychology_f76518a7d302", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["e8a0ffc5e5022d36.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"e8a0ffc5e5022d36.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "e8a0ffc5e5022d36"}
+{"answer": ["Leonard Matin", "Vision", "Wenxun Li"], "answer_modalities": {"Leonard Matin": ["pdf"], "Vision": ["pdf"], "Wenxun Li": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "dcbc23ef376b9f57", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_psychology_1a37a16a011d", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["dcbc23ef376b9f57.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"dcbc23ef376b9f57.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "dcbc23ef376b9f57"}
+{"answer": ["Mark Rucker", "Tanvi Lakhtakia", "Xinyu Chen"], "answer_modalities": {"Mark Rucker": ["pdf"], "Tanvi Lakhtakia": ["pdf"], "Xinyu Chen": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "9bd178b9e03cd477", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_psychology_7691945ad890", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["9bd178b9e03cd477.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"9bd178b9e03cd477.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "9bd178b9e03cd477"}
+{"answer": ["Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, IND", "Sourya Acharya", "Sunil Kumar"], "answer_modalities": {"Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, IND": ["pdf"], "Sourya Acharya": ["pdf"], "Sunil Kumar": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "779f385cf5b602cd", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_psychology_91c9c8de67d4", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["779f385cf5b602cd.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"779f385cf5b602cd.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "779f385cf5b602cd"}
+{"answer": ["Neuroscience", "Stanley Krippner"], "answer_modalities": {"Neuroscience": ["pdf"], "Stanley Krippner": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "9a9b7ffc690cbbac", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_psychology_a24f110e2ab5", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["9a9b7ffc690cbbac.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"9a9b7ffc690cbbac.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "9a9b7ffc690cbbac"}
+{"answer": ["Neuroscience"], "answer_modalities": {"Neuroscience": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "cb444df45f0f3616", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_psychology_b75c55ca43b8", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["cb444df45f0f3616.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"cb444df45f0f3616.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "cb444df45f0f3616"}
+{"answer": ["Nilofar Taraki", "School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K"], "answer_modalities": {"Nilofar Taraki": ["pdf"], "School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K": ["pdf"]}, "answer_type": "entity_set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "cdb9e3014ecc0a3e", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T1_psychology_472b822b35eb", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["cdb9e3014ecc0a3e.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"cdb9e3014ecc0a3e.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1", "template": "unit_inventory_entities", "unit": "cdb9e3014ecc0a3e"}
diff --git a/release/gold/T2/building.jsonl b/release/gold/T2/building.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c233400b9f9c422b2170fb8a454d86a4c5c397b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/gold/T2/building.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{"answer": "DAVID HSU: This is another lecture installment in the Urban Energy Systems and Policy class at MIT. My name is David Hsu. I'm a Professor of Urban studies and Planning. And today, we're going to talk about cities and a just energy transition. What is a just energy transition going to look like? What does it mean for us to try to achieve a just or equitable energy transition? The readings for today are listed on the slide. A lot of this lecture will be setting up our discussion in class of these readings. It will be a fairly short lecture today. I think that's going to be the best way to set up discussion. And, hopefully, we have a lively discussion in class. Let me just start with a few stories to supplement the reading. I want to start with this rather hale-looking fellow, President Theodore Roosevelt. He's the 26th president of the United States. He is known in his lifetime as a soldier; a naturalist; a writer; a politician, reformer, and imperialist. He does all this despite being a Harvard graduate. But I would think what's most relevant about his political career is that also he's known as a progressive, a turn-of-the-century progressive, suspicious of big corporations, a trust-buster, reform-minded, in favor of clean and strong government action and intervention into the economy. That's why he's become quite relevant. The Roosevelt Institute is one of our most progressive economic think tanks. He's also, for the purposes of our class, known as a conservationist. He's strongly associated with the US National Park System. There's a quote from Wallace Stegner, a noted environmental writer. He calls the national parks, one of \"the best ideas we ever had. Absolutely American, absolutely democratic, they reflect us at our best rather than our worst.\" Of course, I put the asterisks on the National Park System because, as many people have noted throughout history, and more recently, a lot of the National Park System is also land appropriated from Indigenous peoples of the United States. But also relevant for our discussion today, Theodore Roosevelt has fairly troubling racial beliefs, even for his time. One could argue that he was in favor of immigration, but also assimilation of immigrants into a strong American culture. One could argue that he had Booker T. Washington as a dinner guest at the White House, which was considered quite controversial at the time--", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "building", "dossier": "f75bfdd876eb3d22", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["video"], "options": ["DAVID HSU: I'd like to welcome you to another installment or another lecture in my MIT class on urban energy systems. My name is David Hsu, I'm an associate professor of urban studies and planning at MIT, and this week we're going to talk about cities and transportation systems. In our last lecture, we talked about electric vehicles and why certain new technologies are much more efficient than our previous internal combustion engine or fossil fuel using technologies, and how we need to achieve electrification to achieve lower greenhouse gas emissions. Today, I want to talk about transportation systems. And I want to take a different attack or a different tack on the subject of transportation systems. We'll start with policy analysis. Here's the materials for today. They're all in the syllabus. And what I want to talk about is policy analysis. Quite often what we teach in public policy schools or urban planning schools is fundamentally an economic framing of policy analysis. It's a cost-benefit analysis, or as one of my previous advisors would say, a benefit-cost analysis, because you would want to emphasize the benefits over the costs if we take certain public policy actions. And so the two main concerns we typically teach in economic styles of policy analysis are efficiency-- what are the highest priority items? This assumes that resources in the public sphere are scarce and we can only basically deploy certain level of resources to address social problems. Of course, we should also question whether or not resources are scarce or what kinds of political economy, let's say, leads to this scarcity. But if you have scarce resources, you would want to establish what the highest priority items are. And the second main concern that is usually given, I would argue, slightly less emphasis in public policy analysis, is equity: is the distribution of benefits and cost fair? And of course, we want to emphasize that this economic style policy analysis hasn't always included broader concerns. For example, risks, that we know from recent disasters like wildfires in California or of course, the COVID-19 pandemic, that we can have unexpected or low probability disasters. We could argue that they are low probability or fairly rare, but of course, they can also be potentially catastrophic. So there's increased interest in how", "DAVID HSU: My name is David Hsu. This is another lecture in my series on urban energy systems and policy as part of my MIT class. I hope you're all doing well today. Today I want to talk about cities and the grid. I've been talking in this class a lot about various energy technologies. And I've said a number of times that those are basically fundamental building blocks or constituent technologies or part of your renewable toolbox towards decarbonization of the future. And over the next five classes, we're going to talk about how all these technologies fit together and why the grid is so important to pull these technologies together. What I want to do today is frame the discussion. And I want to think, just-- first-- about what we're talking about when we talk about the grid. We often refer to the grid as one of the largest machines on the planet, one of the largest machines ever built. But that's also just assuming that we understand all these wires and power plants and users and behaviors to be connected to each other. So why is the grid important to talk about? For the first 150 years or so of electric technology, electricity could not be stored easily. And I'm going to underline, yet, because we'll talk about storage in a few lectures from now. But the important thing for us in terms of talking about climate change and decarbonization is that electricity is going to be the basis of our clean energy scenarios going forward. This assessment is based largely on the technologies that we have on hand, technologies that are cost effective, but also have fundamentally different characteristics than our fossil fuel-dominated energy system. It's also important to emphasize that all the reasons why electricity was a key theme in the modernity of the 1900s or 1930s or the 20th century was that electricity is relatively clean in terms of its everyday use. It doesn't emit noise like other kinds of engines. It doesn't smoke inside homes like cooking fuels with biomass. And it's relatively safe, and I say, it is relatively safe, because, if you look at the earliest 20th century literature, you'll see quite a bit of obsession, really, with the potential of electricity to electrocute people until, of course, people learned how to use electricity and until certain devices and uses were standardized. Another important point about electricity and the reason why it will be the basis of our clean energy scenarios going forward is that all of our clean resources, like solar, wind, and electricity,", "DAVID HSU: My name is David Hsu. Welcome to another installment of my lecture series on urban energy systems and policy. This is a class taught by the Department of Urban Studies and Planning at MIT. And what we're going to talk about today is the next installment of talking about renewables and renewable energy. We're going to talk about solar today. And this, again, is a fundamental building block for how we are going to decarbonize cities. The readings for today are on the syllabus. If you have the PDF hard copies, you can click through to the readings in the pink links here on this page. I'll just recap what I said in the last lecture. You have a renewable toolbox. The exciting thing is that our building blocks, like solar, wind, storage, geothermal, electrolysis, are all becoming cheaper quickly. They're all cleaner technologies. But they are fundamentally different technologies than the fossil fuel system that we've built our civilization on. So we need to build about 47 times more solar, about 28 times more wind than we've built in the last 40 years, to basically provide enough energy to decarbonize our energy system. That gives you a very lengthy to do list, but an exciting to do list for your careers. Your to do list includes financing, generation, transmission, distributing power, balancing power, making sure that power is reliable, making sure that the energy systems are resilient, and siting these energy resources. Last time we talked about wind basics. We talked about capacity factors as a key concept to understand intermittency. Today we're going to talk about solar basics. And we're going to use solar technologies as an example of adoption costs, or learning curves, and siting issues. And the next lecture, we'll talk about storage and geothermal. Those are technologies that are developing new niches in the energy system, and may be critical building blocks going forward, but haven't quite developed into the same kind of competitive technology that solar and wind have become. So just to review basically, here's a diagram from MacKay's book. This is a solar, basically converts incident light on the Earth into energy. Of course, you have to capture the portion of the electromagnetic energy in the ray. And so this diagram simply shows that at the equator, you capture the full amount of the energy landing in Nairobi with a horizontally-mounted ground panel, a panel simply lying flat on the ground.", "DAVID HSU: This is another lecture installment in the Urban Energy Systems and Policy class at MIT. My name is David Hsu. I'm a Professor of Urban studies and Planning. And today, we're going to talk about cities and a just energy transition. What is a just energy transition going to look like? What does it mean for us to try to achieve a just or equitable energy transition? The readings for today are listed on the slide. A lot of this lecture will be setting up our discussion in class of these readings. It will be a fairly short lecture today. I think that's going to be the best way to set up discussion. And, hopefully, we have a lively discussion in class. Let me just start with a few stories to supplement the reading. I want to start with this rather hale-looking fellow, President Theodore Roosevelt. He's the 26th president of the United States. He is known in his lifetime as a soldier; a naturalist; a writer; a politician, reformer, and imperialist. He does all this despite being a Harvard graduate. But I would think what's most relevant about his political career is that also he's known as a progressive, a turn-of-the-century progressive, suspicious of big corporations, a trust-buster, reform-minded, in favor of clean and strong government action and intervention into the economy. That's why he's become quite relevant. The Roosevelt Institute is one of our most progressive economic think tanks. He's also, for the purposes of our class, known as a conservationist. He's strongly associated with the US National Park System. There's a quote from Wallace Stegner, a noted environmental writer. He calls the national parks, one of \"the best ideas we ever had. Absolutely American, absolutely democratic, they reflect us at our best rather than our worst.\" Of course, I put the asterisks on the National Park System because, as many people have noted throughout history, and more recently, a lot of the National Park System is also land appropriated from Indigenous peoples of the United States. But also relevant for our discussion today, Theodore Roosevelt has fairly troubling racial beliefs, even for his time. One could argue that he was in favor of immigration, but also assimilation of immigrants into a strong American culture. One could argue that he had Booker T. Washington as a dinner guest at the White House, which was considered quite controversial at the time--"], "qid": "T2_building_3261e3912859", "question": {"media": "f75bfdd876eb3d22.mp4", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the video \"f75bfdd876eb3d22.mp4\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "f75bfdd876eb3d22"}
+{"answer": "Floor plan. Rooms (10): Bedroom ×2, UserDefined ×2, Bath, Closet WalkIn, Dining, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom. Walls ×21; windows ×6; doors ×6. Fixed furniture: Closet ×6, ShowerScreen ×5, BaseCabinet ×3, Dishwasher, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, RoundSink, Shower, Sink, Toilet, WashingMachine.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "building", "dossier": "b236300a24efeae6", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Floor plan. Rooms (8): Bath Shower, Bedroom, Closet WalkIn, Entry Lobby, Kitchen Kitchenette, LivingRoom, Outdoor Terrace, Storage. Walls ×17; railings ×2; windows ×7; doors ×6; columns ×2. Fixed furniture: Closet ×5, BaseCabinet ×3, CoatCloset ×2, Misc ×2, WallCabinet ×2, Dishwasher, DoubleSink, Housing, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, Shower, Sink, Toilet, WashingMachine.", "Floor plan. Rooms (8): Bath Shower, Bedroom, Closet WalkIn, Entry Lobby, Kitchen Kitchenette, LivingRoom, Outdoor Balcony Glazed, Undefined. Walls ×18; windows ×5; doors ×7; columns ×4. Fixed furniture: Closet ×4, CoatCloset ×4, BaseCabinet ×2, SpaceForAppliance2 ×2, DoubleSinkRight, Housing, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Shower, Sink, Toilet, WallCabinet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (10): Outdoor Porch ×2, Bath, Bedroom, Closet WalkIn, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Undefined, UserDefined. Walls ×24; railings ×2; windows ×10; doors ×11; columns ×9. Fixed furniture: Closet ×5, WallCabinet ×5, BaseCabinet ×4, CoatCloset ×3, SaunaBenchMid ×3, SaunaBenchLow ×2, Toilet ×2, Chimney, Dishwasher, DoubleSinkRight, ElectricalAppliance, Fireplace, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, RoundSink, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaStove, Shower, Sink, WashingMachine.", "Floor plan. Rooms (10): Bedroom ×2, UserDefined ×2, Bath, Closet WalkIn, Dining, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom. Walls ×21; windows ×6; doors ×6. Fixed furniture: Closet ×6, ShowerScreen ×5, BaseCabinet ×3, Dishwasher, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, RoundSink, Shower, Sink, Toilet, WashingMachine."], "qid": "T2_building_d2b25c2f581a", "question": {"media": "b236300a24efeae6.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"b236300a24efeae6.png\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "b236300a24efeae6"}
+{"answer": "Floor plan. Rooms (10): Outdoor ×2, Bath Shower, DraughtLobby, Entry Lobby, Kitchen Kitchenette, LivingRoom, Storage Shed, Undefined, UserDefined. Walls ×21; railings ×1; windows ×3; doors ×7. Fixed furniture: Closet ×5, BaseCabinet ×2, Sink ×2, CoatCloset, CoatRack, GEARound, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, SpaceForAppliance2, Toilet, WallCabinet.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "building", "dossier": "313738f8ea957a00", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Floor plan. Rooms (10): Outdoor ×2, Bath Shower, DraughtLobby, Entry Lobby, Kitchen Kitchenette, LivingRoom, Storage Shed, Undefined, UserDefined. Walls ×21; railings ×1; windows ×3; doors ×7. Fixed furniture: Closet ×5, BaseCabinet ×2, Sink ×2, CoatCloset, CoatRack, GEARound, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, SpaceForAppliance2, Toilet, WallCabinet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (20): Undefined ×4, UserDefined ×4, Attic, Bath, Bath Shower, Bedroom, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor, Outdoor Porch, Room, Storage, Storage Oil. Walls ×52; windows ×18; doors ×20; stairs ×4. Fixed furniture: BaseCabinet ×8, Closet ×2, DoubleSink, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Shower, Sink.", "Floor plan. Rooms (17): Room ×3, Bath Shower ×2, Undefined ×2, Bath, Dining, Entry, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor, Outdoor Balcony, Outdoor Terrace, Utility Laundry. Walls ×29; railings ×6; windows ×16; doors ×13; columns ×4; stairs ×3. Fixed furniture: Closet ×20, BaseCabinet ×4, RoundSink ×3, Shower ×3, ShowerScreen ×3, WallCabinet ×3, ElectricalAppliance ×2, Misc ×2, SpaceForAppliance2 ×2, Toilet ×2, CoatCloset, DoubleSink, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove.", "Floor plan. Rooms (9): Room ×3, Undefined ×2, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, Outdoor, UserDefined. Walls ×52; railings ×5; windows ×6; doors ×5. Fixed furniture: Closet ×9, BaseCabinet ×2, SaunaBench ×2, SaunaStove, Shower, Sink, Toilet, WashingMachine."], "qid": "T2_building_f57300e61024", "question": {"media": "313738f8ea957a00.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"313738f8ea957a00.png\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "313738f8ea957a00"}
+{"answer": "Floor plan. Rooms (11): Bedroom ×2, Undefined ×2, Bath, Closet WalkIn, Dining, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor, UserDefined. Walls ×23; railings ×1; windows ×5; doors ×8. Fixed furniture: Closet ×6, BaseCabinet ×5, CoatCloset ×2, Sink ×2, WallCabinet ×2, DoubleSink, IntegratedStove, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Shower, SpaceForAppliance2, Toilet.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "building", "dossier": "97dfee2ab777872a", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Floor plan. Rooms (8): Bath, Bedroom, Closet WalkIn, Entry Lobby, Kitchen Kitchenette, LivingRoom, Outdoor Balcony, Undefined. Walls ×27; windows ×3; doors ×6. Fixed furniture: Closet ×3, BaseCabinet ×2, CoatCloset ×2, SpaceForAppliance2 ×2, WallCabinet ×2, DoubleSinkRight, ElectricalAppliance, Housing, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Shower, Sink, Toilet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (11): Bedroom ×2, Undefined ×2, Bath, Closet WalkIn, Dining, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor, UserDefined. Walls ×23; railings ×1; windows ×5; doors ×8. Fixed furniture: Closet ×6, BaseCabinet ×5, CoatCloset ×2, Sink ×2, WallCabinet ×2, DoubleSink, IntegratedStove, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Shower, SpaceForAppliance2, Toilet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (7): Bath Shower, Closet WalkIn, Entry Lobby, Kitchen Kitchenette, LivingRoom, Outdoor, Undefined. Walls ×22; railings ×3; windows ×4; doors ×5. Fixed furniture: Closet ×4, SaunaBenchLow ×3, BaseCabinet ×2, CoatCloset ×2, SpaceForAppliance2 ×2, DoubleSink, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Shower, Sink, Toilet, WallCabinet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (12): Undefined ×5, Bedroom ×2, Outdoor ×2, Bath Shower, Kitchen, LivingRoom. Walls ×22; railings ×1; windows ×6; doors ×7; columns ×1. Fixed furniture: Closet ×4, CoatCloset ×4, BaseCabinet ×3, Refrigerator ×2, WallCabinet ×2, Dishwasher, DoubleSinkRight, ElectricalAppliance, IntegratedStove, Shower, Sink, Toilet, WashingMachine."], "qid": "T2_building_0bc3242e4310", "question": {"media": "97dfee2ab777872a.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"97dfee2ab777872a.png\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "97dfee2ab777872a"}
+{"answer": "Floor plan. Rooms (12): Bedroom ×3, Bath ×2, Closet WalkIn ×2, Entry Lobby ×2, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Utility Laundry. Walls ×45; windows ×5; doors ×13. Fixed furniture: Closet ×7, Sink ×6, BaseCabinet ×5, WallCabinet ×3, CoatCloset ×2, Housing ×2, ElectricalAppliance, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, Shower, SpaceForAppliance2, Toilet, TumbleDryer, WashingMachine.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "building", "dossier": "054c492fbc157488", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Floor plan. Rooms (33): Bedroom ×6, Bath ×4, Outdoor ×4, Undefined ×3, Closet WalkIn ×2, Dining ×2, Entry ×2, Entry Lobby ×2, Kitchen ×2, LivingRoom ×2, Outdoor Terrace ×2, Storage ×2. Walls ×56; railings ×13; windows ×24; doors ×22; stairs ×8. Fixed furniture: Closet ×18, BaseCabinet ×8, Sink ×6, CoatCloset ×4, ElectricalAppliance ×4, ShowerScreen ×4, SpaceForAppliance ×4, Toilet ×4, IntegratedStove ×2, Refrigerator ×2, SaunaBenchHigh ×2, SaunaBenchLow ×2, SaunaBenchMid ×2, SaunaStove ×2, Shower ×2, WallCabinet ×2.", "Floor plan. Rooms (9): Undefined ×8, Outdoor. Walls ×20; railings ×3; windows ×6; doors ×7. Fixed furniture: Closet ×15, BaseCabinet ×4, ShowerScreen ×2, Sink ×2, Toilet ×2, WallCabinet ×2, Dishwasher, DoubleSink, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, Shower, WashingMachine.", "Floor plan. Rooms (12): Bedroom ×3, Bath ×2, Closet WalkIn ×2, Entry Lobby ×2, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Utility Laundry. Walls ×45; windows ×5; doors ×13. Fixed furniture: Closet ×7, Sink ×6, BaseCabinet ×5, WallCabinet ×3, CoatCloset ×2, Housing ×2, ElectricalAppliance, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, Shower, SpaceForAppliance2, Toilet, TumbleDryer, WashingMachine.", "Floor plan. Rooms (7): Undefined ×3, Bedroom, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor. Walls ×20; windows ×3; doors ×7. Fixed furniture: Closet ×5, CoatCloset ×5, BaseCabinet ×4, ShowerScreen ×2, WallCabinet ×2, DoubleSink, Housing, IntegratedStove, Shower, Sink, SpaceForAppliance2, Toilet."], "qid": "T2_building_debf88040ef6", "question": {"media": "054c492fbc157488.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"054c492fbc157488.png\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "054c492fbc157488"}
+{"answer": "Floor plan. Rooms (12): Undefined ×3, Bath, Bedroom, DraughtLobby, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor, Outdoor Terrace, Storage. Walls ×21; railings ×3; windows ×4; doors ×7; columns ×3; stairs ×1. Fixed furniture: Closet ×7, BaseCabinet ×2, ShowerScreen ×2, CoatCloset, Dishwasher, DoubleSink, ElectricalAppliance, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStoveRound, Shower, Sink, Toilet, WallCabinet, WashingMachine.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "building", "dossier": "b0c2b7ea1d91e76e", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Floor plan. Rooms (12): Undefined ×3, Bath, Bedroom, DraughtLobby, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor, Outdoor Terrace, Storage. Walls ×21; railings ×3; windows ×4; doors ×7; columns ×3; stairs ×1. Fixed furniture: Closet ×7, BaseCabinet ×2, ShowerScreen ×2, CoatCloset, Dishwasher, DoubleSink, ElectricalAppliance, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStoveRound, Shower, Sink, Toilet, WallCabinet, WashingMachine.", "Floor plan. Rooms (7): Room ×2, Bath, Closet WalkIn, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, Outdoor. Walls ×16; railings ×1; windows ×3; doors ×7. Fixed furniture: BaseCabinet ×3, Closet ×3, WallCabinet ×2, Bathtub, CoatCloset, CoatRack, DoubleSink, Housing, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, Shower, Sink, Toilet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (23): Bedroom ×4, Outdoor ×4, Bath ×2, Closet WalkIn ×2, DraughtLobby, Entry, Entry Lobby, Garage, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor Terrace, Storage, Undefined, UserDefined, Utility Laundry. Walls ×45; railings ×6; windows ×22; doors ×18; columns ×3; stairs ×2. Fixed furniture: Closet ×13, CoatCloset ×9, BaseCabinet ×6, Sink ×4, SaunaBench ×3, WallCabinet ×3, Chimney ×2, Refrigerator ×2, Toilet ×2, Dishwasher, Fireplace, Housing, IntegratedStove, SaunaStove, Shower, ShowerScreen, TumbleDryer, WashingMachine.", "Floor plan. Rooms (6): Bath, Closet WalkIn, Entry Lobby, Kitchen Kitchenette, LivingRoom, UserDefined. Walls ×13; railings ×1; windows ×2; doors ×5. Fixed furniture: Closet ×4, BaseCabinet ×2, CoatCloset ×2, Sink ×2, IntegratedStove, Toilet, TumbleDryer, WallCabinet, WashingMachine."], "qid": "T2_building_95948cb72a44", "question": {"media": "b0c2b7ea1d91e76e.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"b0c2b7ea1d91e76e.png\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "b0c2b7ea1d91e76e"}
+{"answer": "Floor plan. Rooms (13): Bedroom ×3, Bath ×2, Closet WalkIn, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor Porch, Outdoor Terrace, Storage, Undefined. Walls ×30; railings ×1; windows ×8; doors ×10; stairs ×1. Fixed furniture: Closet ×8, CoatCloset ×6, BaseCabinet ×4, Housing ×4, ElectricalAppliance ×3, Sink ×3, SpaceForAppliance2 ×3, Shower ×2, ShowerScreen ×2, Toilet ×2, IntegratedStove, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, WallCabinet.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "building", "dossier": "6ec6a5547aed2d6b", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Floor plan. Rooms (22): Undefined ×4, Bedroom ×2, DraughtLobby ×2, Outdoor ×2, Bath Shower, Closet WalkIn, Dining, DressingRoom, Entry Lobby, Garage, Kitchen, LivingRoom, RecreationRoom, Sauna, Storage Shed, UserDefined. Walls ×42; windows ×17; doors ×21; columns ×6. Fixed furniture: Closet ×3, BaseCabinet ×2, CoatRack, DoubleSink, ElectricalAppliance, Heater, Refrigerator, SaunaStove Round, Shower, Sink, Toilet, WaterTap.", "Floor plan. Rooms (13): Bedroom ×3, Bath ×2, Closet WalkIn, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor Porch, Outdoor Terrace, Storage, Undefined. Walls ×30; railings ×1; windows ×8; doors ×10; stairs ×1. Fixed furniture: Closet ×8, CoatCloset ×6, BaseCabinet ×4, Housing ×4, ElectricalAppliance ×3, Sink ×3, SpaceForAppliance2 ×3, Shower ×2, ShowerScreen ×2, Toilet ×2, IntegratedStove, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, WallCabinet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (13): Undefined ×11, Bath, Outdoor. Walls ×42; railings ×3; windows ×21; doors ×14; columns ×4; stairs ×4. Fixed furniture: Closet ×9, BaseCabinet ×5, CoatCloset ×4, Sink ×4, WallCabinet ×3, Toilet ×2, Dishwasher, ElectricalAppliance, FireplaceCorner, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Shower, WashingMachine, WaterTap.", "Floor plan. Rooms (7): Bath, Bedroom, LivingRoom, Outdoor, Outdoor Porch, Storage, Undefined. Walls ×15; windows ×4; doors ×7; stairs ×2. Fixed furniture: BaseCabinet ×2, Fireplace, IntegratedStove, Sink, Toilet, WoodStove."], "qid": "T2_building_d6a366068c2d", "question": {"media": "6ec6a5547aed2d6b.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"6ec6a5547aed2d6b.png\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "6ec6a5547aed2d6b"}
+{"answer": "Floor plan. Rooms (17): Bedroom ×3, Bath ×2, Bath Shower, Closet WalkIn, Entry, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor Balcony, Outdoor Porch, Outdoor Terrace, Storage, Undefined, Utility Laundry. Walls ×35; railings ×12; windows ×14; doors ×13; columns ×15; stairs ×3. Fixed furniture: Closet ×9, BaseCabinet ×5, WallCabinet ×4, ElectricalAppliance ×2, RoundSink ×2, Shower ×2, Toilet ×2, Chimney, CoatCloset, DoubleSinkRight, Fireplace, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Sink, SpaceForAppliance2, TumbleDryer, WashingMachine.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "building", "dossier": "797c2847fc660cd1", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Floor plan. Rooms (17): Bedroom ×3, Bath ×2, Bath Shower, Closet WalkIn, Entry, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor Balcony, Outdoor Porch, Outdoor Terrace, Storage, Undefined, Utility Laundry. Walls ×35; railings ×12; windows ×14; doors ×13; columns ×15; stairs ×3. Fixed furniture: Closet ×9, BaseCabinet ×5, WallCabinet ×4, ElectricalAppliance ×2, RoundSink ×2, Shower ×2, Toilet ×2, Chimney, CoatCloset, DoubleSinkRight, Fireplace, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Sink, SpaceForAppliance2, TumbleDryer, WashingMachine.", "Floor plan. Rooms (5): Undefined ×2, Entry Lobby, Outdoor, Room. Walls ×11; windows ×11; doors ×3; stairs ×1. Fixed furniture: SaunaBench ×3, SaunaStove.", "Floor plan. Rooms (14): Bedroom ×2, Outdoor CoveredArea ×2, Bath, Bath Shower, CarPort, Closet WalkIn, Entry Lobby, LivingRoom, Storage, Undefined, UserDefined, Utility Laundry. Walls ×27; railings ×1; windows ×8; doors ×11; columns ×5; stairs ×3. Fixed furniture: Closet ×7, BaseCabinet ×3, WallCabinet ×3, CoatCloset ×2, ElectricalAppliance ×2, Sink ×2, Toilet ×2, Chimney, DoubleSinkRight, Fireplace, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Shower, SpaceForAppliance2, WashingMachine.", "Floor plan. Rooms (24): Room ×4, Undefined ×3, Bath ×2, Closet WalkIn ×2, Outdoor ×2, Bath Shower, Dining, DraughtLobby, Entry Lobby, Garage, Hall, Kitchen, LivingRoom, RecreationRoom, Storage, UserDefined. Walls ×48; railings ×4; windows ×27; doors ×20; columns ×4. Fixed furniture: Closet ×12, CoatCloset ×9, BaseCabinet ×7, WallCabinet ×4, SaunaBenchMid ×3, SpaceForAppliance2 ×3, ShowerScreen ×2, Sink ×2, Toilet ×2, Dishwasher, DoubleRefrigerator, DoubleSink, ElectricalAppliance, Fireplace, Housing, IntegratedStove, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaStove, Shower, TumbleDryer, WashingMachine."], "qid": "T2_building_66f7864af54f", "question": {"media": "797c2847fc660cd1.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"797c2847fc660cd1.png\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "797c2847fc660cd1"}
+{"answer": "Floor plan. Rooms (18): Bedroom ×3, Outdoor ×3, Undefined ×2, Bath, Bath Shower, Closet WalkIn, DraughtLobby, Entry Lobby, Hall Corridor, Kitchen, LivingRoom, UserDefined, Utility Laundry. Walls ×22; railings ×2; windows ×7; doors ×13; columns ×2; stairs ×3. Fixed furniture: Closet ×12, CoatCloset ×8, BaseCabinet ×4, Housing ×4, SaunaBench ×3, Sink ×3, ElectricalAppliance ×2, Toilet ×2, WallCabinet ×2, ClosetTriangle, Dishwasher, DoubleSink, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, SaunaStove, Shower, WashingMachine.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "building", "dossier": "7c72657b95ae7533", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Floor plan. Rooms (18): Undefined ×8, Bedroom ×3, Outdoor ×2, Dining, Kitchen, LivingRoom, UserDefined, Utility Laundry. Walls ×38; railings ×6; windows ×14; doors ×14; stairs ×2. Fixed furniture: Closet ×11, BaseCabinet ×6, WallCabinet ×4, ElectricalAppliance ×2, SaunaBenchLow ×2, Shower ×2, Sink ×2, Toilet ×2, Bathtub, CoatCloset, Dishwasher, DoubleSink, Fireplace, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchMid, TumbleDryer.", "Floor plan. Rooms (7): Bath, Bedroom, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor Garden, Storage. Walls ×13; windows ×5; doors ×5; columns ×1. Fixed furniture: Closet ×9, BaseCabinet ×2, Sink ×2, WallCabinet ×2, CoatCloset, Dishwasher, Shower, ShowerScreen, SpaceForAppliance2, Toilet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (18): Bedroom ×3, Outdoor ×3, Undefined ×2, Bath, Bath Shower, Closet WalkIn, DraughtLobby, Entry Lobby, Hall Corridor, Kitchen, LivingRoom, UserDefined, Utility Laundry. Walls ×22; railings ×2; windows ×7; doors ×13; columns ×2; stairs ×3. Fixed furniture: Closet ×12, CoatCloset ×8, BaseCabinet ×4, Housing ×4, SaunaBench ×3, Sink ×3, ElectricalAppliance ×2, Toilet ×2, WallCabinet ×2, ClosetTriangle, Dishwasher, DoubleSink, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, SaunaStove, Shower, WashingMachine.", "Floor plan. Rooms (5): Bath, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, Outdoor, Room. Walls ×9; railings ×3; windows ×2; doors ×3. Fixed furniture: Closet ×5, BaseCabinet ×2, WallCabinet ×2, CoatCloset, Dishwasher, Housing, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, RoundSink, Shower, ShowerScreen, Sink, SpaceForAppliance2, Toilet."], "qid": "T2_building_659f9d2c3048", "question": {"media": "7c72657b95ae7533.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"7c72657b95ae7533.png\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "7c72657b95ae7533"}
+{"answer": "Floor plan. Rooms (21): Bedroom ×3, Bath ×2, Outdoor ×2, Outdoor Terrace ×2, Bath Shower, CarPort, Closet WalkIn, Den Fireplace, DraughtLobby, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Storage, TechnicalRoom, Undefined, Utility Laundry. Walls ×41; railings ×7; windows ×16; doors ×18; columns ×21. Fixed furniture: Closet ×10, CoatCloset ×8, BaseCabinet ×7, WallCabinet ×6, ElectricalAppliance ×3, RoundSink ×2, Shower ×2, Toilet ×2, Chimney, ClosetTriangle, Dishwasher, DoubleSinkRight, FireplaceCorner, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Sink, SpaceForAppliance2, TumbleDryer, WashingMachine.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "building", "dossier": "67741e2a154bdc1e", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Floor plan. Rooms (21): Bedroom ×3, Bath ×2, Outdoor ×2, Outdoor Terrace ×2, Bath Shower, CarPort, Closet WalkIn, Den Fireplace, DraughtLobby, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Storage, TechnicalRoom, Undefined, Utility Laundry. Walls ×41; railings ×7; windows ×16; doors ×18; columns ×21. Fixed furniture: Closet ×10, CoatCloset ×8, BaseCabinet ×7, WallCabinet ×6, ElectricalAppliance ×3, RoundSink ×2, Shower ×2, Toilet ×2, Chimney, ClosetTriangle, Dishwasher, DoubleSinkRight, FireplaceCorner, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Sink, SpaceForAppliance2, TumbleDryer, WashingMachine.", "Floor plan. Rooms (8): Bath ×2, Bedroom ×2, Closet WalkIn, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Undefined. Walls ×23; windows ×5; doors ×8. Fixed furniture: Closet ×13, BaseCabinet ×5, Sink ×3, CoatCloset ×2, ElectricalAppliance ×2, Toilet ×2, CoatRack, IntegratedStove, WallCabinet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (7): Bath, Bedroom, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor, Undefined. Walls ×14; railings ×3; windows ×3; doors ×5; columns ×2. Fixed furniture: Closet ×3, CoatCloset ×3, BaseCabinet ×2, Housing ×2, SpaceForAppliance ×2, DoubleSink, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Shower, ShowerScreen, Sink, Toilet, WallCabinet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (23): Bedroom ×4, Outdoor ×4, Bath ×2, Closet WalkIn ×2, DraughtLobby, Entry, Entry Lobby, Garage, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor Terrace, Storage, Undefined, UserDefined, Utility Laundry. Walls ×45; railings ×6; windows ×22; doors ×18; columns ×3; stairs ×2. Fixed furniture: Closet ×13, CoatCloset ×9, BaseCabinet ×6, Sink ×4, SaunaBench ×3, WallCabinet ×3, Chimney ×2, Refrigerator ×2, Toilet ×2, Dishwasher, Fireplace, Housing, IntegratedStove, SaunaStove, Shower, ShowerScreen, TumbleDryer, WashingMachine."], "qid": "T2_building_7ad9f2c95a4f", "question": {"media": "67741e2a154bdc1e.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"67741e2a154bdc1e.png\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "67741e2a154bdc1e"}
+{"answer": "Floor plan. Rooms (22): Room ×4, Undefined ×3, Closet WalkIn ×2, Storage ×2, Bath, Bath Shower, DraughtLobby, Garage, LivingRoom, Outdoor CoveredArea, Outdoor Porch, Outdoor Terrace, Storage Oil, TechnicalRoom Boiler, Utility Laundry. Walls ×41; railings ×4; windows ×14; doors ×22; columns ×9. Fixed furniture: Closet ×9, BaseCabinet ×6, WallCabinet ×6, CoatCloset ×3, ElectricalAppliance ×2, Sink ×2, Toilet ×2, CoatRack, DoubleSink, FireplaceCorner, HighHeater, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, RoundSink, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Shower, SpaceForAppliance2, WashingMachine, WoodStove.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "building", "dossier": "4fcd9286e95fb9f5", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Floor plan. Rooms (15): Bedroom ×3, Bath ×2, Outdoor ×2, UserDefined ×2, Closet WalkIn, Entry Lobby, Garage, Kitchen, Storage, Undefined. Walls ×30; windows ×21; doors ×14; stairs ×1. Fixed furniture: Closet ×7, BaseCabinet ×4, ElectricalAppliance ×4, WallCabinet ×3, RoundSink ×2, SaunaBenchHigh ×2, Shower ×2, Toilet ×2, CoatCloset, DoubleSinkRight, IntegratedStove, PlaceForFireplace, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, ShowerScreen, Sink, SpaceForAppliance2.", "Floor plan. Rooms (22): Outdoor ×5, Bedroom ×3, Closet WalkIn ×2, Storage ×2, Undefined ×2, Bath, Bath Shower, CarPort, Entry Lobby, Kitchen Open, LivingRoom, TechnicalRoom Boiler, UserDefined. Walls ×37; windows ×10; doors ×18; columns ×1. Fixed furniture: BaseCabinet ×5, Closet ×5, CoatCloset ×4, Sink ×2, WallCabinet ×2, Dishwasher, DoubleSink, ElectricalAppliance, FireplaceCorner, Heater, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStoveRound, Shower, ShowerScreen, Toilet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (9): Bath, Bath Shower, Entry Lobby, ExerciseRoom Gym, Kitchen, Outdoor, Outdoor Porch, Room, Undefined. Walls ×23; railings ×7; windows ×12; doors ×8; stairs ×3. Fixed furniture: Closet ×4, BaseCabinet ×3, CoatCloset ×2, Sink ×2, WallCabinet ×2, Dishwasher, DoubleSinkRight, Heater, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Shower, ShowerScreen, Toilet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (22): Room ×4, Undefined ×3, Closet WalkIn ×2, Storage ×2, Bath, Bath Shower, DraughtLobby, Garage, LivingRoom, Outdoor CoveredArea, Outdoor Porch, Outdoor Terrace, Storage Oil, TechnicalRoom Boiler, Utility Laundry. Walls ×41; railings ×4; windows ×14; doors ×22; columns ×9. Fixed furniture: Closet ×9, BaseCabinet ×6, WallCabinet ×6, CoatCloset ×3, ElectricalAppliance ×2, Sink ×2, Toilet ×2, CoatRack, DoubleSink, FireplaceCorner, HighHeater, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, RoundSink, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Shower, SpaceForAppliance2, WashingMachine, WoodStove."], "qid": "T2_building_2dcf0cf3776c", "question": {"media": "4fcd9286e95fb9f5.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"4fcd9286e95fb9f5.png\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "4fcd9286e95fb9f5"}
+{"answer": "Floor plan. Rooms (29): Bath ×4, Bedroom ×3, Undefined ×3, Closet WalkIn ×2, Entry ×2, Outdoor ×2, UserDefined ×2, Bath Shower, Den Fireplace, Dining, DressingRoom, Entry Lobby, Hall, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Room, Storage, Utility Laundry. Walls ×76; railings ×3; windows ×27; doors ×21; stairs ×5. Fixed furniture: CoatCloset ×2, Shower ×2, Bathtub, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, SaunaStoveRound.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "building", "dossier": "852e837bf556b2ab", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Floor plan. Rooms (11): Undefined ×5, Bedroom ×2, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor, UserDefined. Walls ×23; railings ×1; windows ×5; doors ×11. Fixed furniture: Closet ×7, BaseCabinet ×3, CoatCloset ×3, Sink ×2, Dishwasher, Fireplace, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, Shower, ShowerScreen, Toilet, WallCabinet, WashingMachine.", "Floor plan. Rooms (14): Bedroom ×2, Outdoor CoveredArea ×2, Bath, Bath Shower, CarPort, Closet WalkIn, Entry Lobby, LivingRoom, Storage, Undefined, UserDefined, Utility Laundry. Walls ×27; railings ×1; windows ×8; doors ×11; columns ×5; stairs ×3. Fixed furniture: Closet ×7, BaseCabinet ×3, WallCabinet ×3, CoatCloset ×2, ElectricalAppliance ×2, Sink ×2, Toilet ×2, Chimney, DoubleSinkRight, Fireplace, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Shower, SpaceForAppliance2, WashingMachine.", "Floor plan. Rooms (9): Room ×3, Undefined ×2, Bath, Closet WalkIn, Kitchen, Outdoor. Walls ×15; railings ×2; windows ×7; doors ×9. Fixed furniture: BaseCabinet ×3, WallCabinet ×2, Bathtub, Closet, CoatCloset, DoubleSink, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, Shower, Sink, Toilet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (29): Bath ×4, Bedroom ×3, Undefined ×3, Closet WalkIn ×2, Entry ×2, Outdoor ×2, UserDefined ×2, Bath Shower, Den Fireplace, Dining, DressingRoom, Entry Lobby, Hall, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Room, Storage, Utility Laundry. Walls ×76; railings ×3; windows ×27; doors ×21; stairs ×5. Fixed furniture: CoatCloset ×2, Shower ×2, Bathtub, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, SaunaStoveRound."], "qid": "T2_building_c468b67aeec2", "question": {"media": "852e837bf556b2ab.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"852e837bf556b2ab.png\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "852e837bf556b2ab"}
+{"answer": "Floor plan. Rooms (33): Bedroom ×6, Bath ×4, Outdoor ×4, Undefined ×3, Closet WalkIn ×2, Dining ×2, Entry ×2, Entry Lobby ×2, Kitchen ×2, LivingRoom ×2, Outdoor Terrace ×2, Storage ×2. Walls ×56; railings ×13; windows ×24; doors ×22; stairs ×8. Fixed furniture: Closet ×18, BaseCabinet ×8, Sink ×6, CoatCloset ×4, ElectricalAppliance ×4, ShowerScreen ×4, SpaceForAppliance ×4, Toilet ×4, IntegratedStove ×2, Refrigerator ×2, SaunaBenchHigh ×2, SaunaBenchLow ×2, SaunaBenchMid ×2, SaunaStove ×2, Shower ×2, WallCabinet ×2.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "building", "dossier": "01af2d12fbdbce33", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Floor plan. Rooms (22): Outdoor ×5, Bedroom ×3, Closet WalkIn ×2, Storage ×2, Undefined ×2, Bath, Bath Shower, CarPort, Entry Lobby, Kitchen Open, LivingRoom, TechnicalRoom Boiler, UserDefined. Walls ×37; windows ×10; doors ×18; columns ×1. Fixed furniture: BaseCabinet ×5, Closet ×5, CoatCloset ×4, Sink ×2, WallCabinet ×2, Dishwasher, DoubleSink, ElectricalAppliance, FireplaceCorner, Heater, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStoveRound, Shower, ShowerScreen, Toilet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (20): Undefined ×4, Bedroom ×3, UserDefined ×2, Bath, Bath Shower, Dining, Entry Lobby, Hall, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor, Outdoor CoveredArea, Outdoor Terrace, Storage. Walls ×54; railings ×5; windows ×10; doors ×8; stairs ×5. Fixed furniture: Closet ×20, SpaceForAppliance ×5, BaseCabinet ×4, CoatCloset ×4, Sink ×4, SaunaBenchHigh ×2, SaunaBenchMid ×2, Shower ×2, Toilet ×2, CounterTop, IntegratedStove, SaunaStove, WallCabinet, WashingMachine.", "Floor plan. Rooms (6): Bath Shower, Bedroom, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, Outdoor Balcony, Sauna. Walls ×18; railings ×1; windows ×3; doors ×5. Fixed furniture: BaseCabinet ×3, WallCabinet ×3, Closet ×2, CoatCloset ×2, ElectricalAppliance ×2, SpaceForAppliance2 ×2, DoubleSinkRight, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Shower, Sink, Toilet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (33): Bedroom ×6, Bath ×4, Outdoor ×4, Undefined ×3, Closet WalkIn ×2, Dining ×2, Entry ×2, Entry Lobby ×2, Kitchen ×2, LivingRoom ×2, Outdoor Terrace ×2, Storage ×2. Walls ×56; railings ×13; windows ×24; doors ×22; stairs ×8. Fixed furniture: Closet ×18, BaseCabinet ×8, Sink ×6, CoatCloset ×4, ElectricalAppliance ×4, ShowerScreen ×4, SpaceForAppliance ×4, Toilet ×4, IntegratedStove ×2, Refrigerator ×2, SaunaBenchHigh ×2, SaunaBenchLow ×2, SaunaBenchMid ×2, SaunaStove ×2, Shower ×2, WallCabinet ×2."], "qid": "T2_building_ae4dbc458fc8", "question": {"media": "01af2d12fbdbce33.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"01af2d12fbdbce33.png\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "01af2d12fbdbce33"}
+{"answer": "Floor plan. Rooms (4): Undefined ×2, Bath, Room. Walls ×6; windows ×2; doors ×2. Fixed furniture: BaseCabinet ×2, Closet ×2, Sink ×2, CoatRack, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, Toilet, WallCabinet.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "building", "dossier": "09d57169d7071d9d", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Floor plan. Rooms (25): Undefined ×8, Bedroom ×4, Closet WalkIn ×2, Outdoor Terrace ×2, Bath Shower, Dining, Entry, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Office, Outdoor, UserDefined, Utility Laundry. Walls ×51; railings ×7; windows ×21; doors ×15; columns ×6; stairs ×3. Fixed furniture: Closet ×13, SaunaBench ×12, BaseCabinet ×5, CoatCloset ×4, ElectricalAppliance ×3, Sink ×3, Dishwasher ×2, Shower ×2, Toilet ×2, WallCabinet ×2, Fireplace, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, SaunaStove, ShowerScreen.", "Floor plan. Rooms (5): Alcove, Bath Shower, Entry Lobby, Kitchen Open, Outdoor Balcony. Walls ×18; railings ×4; windows ×5; doors ×3; columns ×1. Fixed furniture: Closet ×4, BaseCabinet ×2, Sink ×2, SpaceForAppliance2 ×2, CoatCloset, Housing, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, Shower, Toilet, WallCabinet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (19): Bedroom ×4, Bath ×2, UserDefined ×2, Closet WalkIn, Dining, DraughtLobby, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor, Outdoor Porch, Outdoor Terrace, Undefined, Utility Laundry. Walls ×24; railings ×5; windows ×18; doors ×16; columns ×24. Fixed furniture: Closet ×8, CoatCloset ×7, WallCabinet ×7, BaseCabinet ×5, ElectricalAppliance ×3, SaunaBenchMid ×3, Shower ×3, SaunaBenchHigh ×2, Toilet ×2, Chimney, DoubleSinkRight, FireplaceCorner, GEARound, IntegratedStove, Jacuzzi, Refrigerator, RoundSink, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaStoveRound, Sink, SpaceForAppliance, WaterTap.", "Floor plan. Rooms (4): Undefined ×2, Bath, Room. Walls ×6; windows ×2; doors ×2. Fixed furniture: BaseCabinet ×2, Closet ×2, Sink ×2, CoatRack, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, Toilet, WallCabinet."], "qid": "T2_building_44a119bfbf0f", "question": {"media": "09d57169d7071d9d.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"09d57169d7071d9d.png\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "09d57169d7071d9d"}
+{"answer": "Floor plan. Rooms (5): Bath, Bedroom, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor Balcony. Walls ×11; railings ×3; windows ×3; doors ×5. Fixed furniture: Closet ×9, BaseCabinet ×2, ShowerScreen ×2, Sink ×2, SpaceForAppliance2 ×2, WallCabinet ×2, Housing, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, Shower, Toilet.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "building", "dossier": "85784b12169da13a", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Floor plan. Rooms (5): Bath, Bedroom, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor Balcony. Walls ×11; railings ×3; windows ×3; doors ×5. Fixed furniture: Closet ×9, BaseCabinet ×2, ShowerScreen ×2, Sink ×2, SpaceForAppliance2 ×2, WallCabinet ×2, Housing, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, Shower, Toilet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (20): Bedroom ×4, Undefined ×4, Bath ×2, Closet WalkIn ×2, Bath Shower, Entry, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor, UserDefined, Utility Laundry. Walls ×36; railings ×11; windows ×10; doors ×13; columns ×12; stairs ×4. Fixed furniture: Closet ×6, BaseCabinet ×5, ElectricalAppliance ×3, Sink ×3, Chimney ×2, CoatCloset ×2, Misc ×2, Toilet ×2, WallCabinet ×2, Dishwasher, DoubleSinkRight, Fireplace, Housing, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Shower, TumbleDryer, WashingMachine.", "Floor plan. Rooms (6): Undefined ×2, Bedroom, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor. Walls ×12; railings ×1; windows ×3; doors ×5. Fixed furniture: Closet ×4, BaseCabinet ×2, Sink ×2, CoatCloset, Dishwasher, ElectricalAppliance, Housing, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, Shower, ShowerScreen, Toilet, WallCabinet, WashingMachine.", "Floor plan. Rooms (9): Bath ×2, Bedroom ×2, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor, Undefined. Walls ×18; railings ×2; windows ×5; doors ×7. Fixed furniture: Closet ×10, BaseCabinet ×4, Sink ×2, Toilet ×2, WallCabinet ×2, Bathtub, CoatCloset, DoubleSink, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, Shower, SpaceForAppliance, WashingMachine."], "qid": "T2_building_64c4e35cb8e8", "question": {"media": "85784b12169da13a.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"85784b12169da13a.png\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "85784b12169da13a"}
+{"answer": "Floor plan. Rooms (5): Bath, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, Outdoor, Room. Walls ×9; railings ×3; windows ×2; doors ×3. Fixed furniture: Closet ×5, BaseCabinet ×2, WallCabinet ×2, CoatCloset, Dishwasher, Housing, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, RoundSink, Shower, ShowerScreen, Sink, SpaceForAppliance2, Toilet.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "building", "dossier": "9a794b064ff4e056", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Floor plan. Rooms (7): Bath Shower, Bedroom, Closet WalkIn, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor. Walls ×15; railings ×1; windows ×5; doors ×5. Fixed furniture: CoatCloset ×4, BaseCabinet ×2, ShowerScreen ×2, Closet, DoubleSink, Housing, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, Shower, Sink, SpaceForAppliance, Toilet, WallCabinet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (5): Undefined ×2, Entry Lobby, Outdoor, Room. Walls ×11; windows ×11; doors ×3; stairs ×1. Fixed furniture: SaunaBench ×3, SaunaStove.", "Floor plan. Rooms (5): Bath, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, Outdoor, Room. Walls ×9; railings ×3; windows ×2; doors ×3. Fixed furniture: Closet ×5, BaseCabinet ×2, WallCabinet ×2, CoatCloset, Dishwasher, Housing, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, RoundSink, Shower, ShowerScreen, Sink, SpaceForAppliance2, Toilet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (4): Undefined ×2, Bath, Room. Walls ×6; windows ×2; doors ×2. Fixed furniture: BaseCabinet ×2, Closet ×2, Sink ×2, CoatRack, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, Toilet, WallCabinet."], "qid": "T2_building_d1c4dbd7ac26", "question": {"media": "9a794b064ff4e056.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"9a794b064ff4e056.png\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "9a794b064ff4e056"}
+{"answer": "Floor plan. Rooms (6): Undefined ×2, Bedroom, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor. Walls ×12; railings ×1; windows ×3; doors ×5. Fixed furniture: Closet ×4, BaseCabinet ×2, Sink ×2, CoatCloset, Dishwasher, ElectricalAppliance, Housing, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, Shower, ShowerScreen, Toilet, WallCabinet, WashingMachine.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "building", "dossier": "c5523fecf532948a", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Floor plan. Rooms (4): Bath, DraughtLobby, Outdoor, Room. Walls ×14; windows ×4; doors ×4. Fixed furniture: Closet ×6, CoatCloset ×4, Housing ×4, BaseCabinet ×2, Sink ×2, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, Shower, Toilet, WallCabinet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (6): Undefined ×2, Bedroom, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor. Walls ×12; railings ×1; windows ×3; doors ×5. Fixed furniture: Closet ×4, BaseCabinet ×2, Sink ×2, CoatCloset, Dishwasher, ElectricalAppliance, Housing, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, Shower, ShowerScreen, Toilet, WallCabinet, WashingMachine.", "Floor plan. Rooms (6): Bath Shower, Bedroom, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, Outdoor Balcony, Sauna. Walls ×18; railings ×1; windows ×3; doors ×5. Fixed furniture: BaseCabinet ×3, WallCabinet ×3, Closet ×2, CoatCloset ×2, ElectricalAppliance ×2, SpaceForAppliance2 ×2, DoubleSinkRight, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Shower, Sink, Toilet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (8): Bath Shower, Bedroom, Closet WalkIn, Entry Lobby, Kitchen Kitchenette, LivingRoom, Outdoor Terrace, Storage. Walls ×17; railings ×2; windows ×7; doors ×6; columns ×2. Fixed furniture: Closet ×5, BaseCabinet ×3, CoatCloset ×2, Misc ×2, WallCabinet ×2, Dishwasher, DoubleSink, Housing, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, Shower, Sink, Toilet, WashingMachine."], "qid": "T2_building_8cfeff747777", "question": {"media": "c5523fecf532948a.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"c5523fecf532948a.png\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "c5523fecf532948a"}
+{"answer": "Floor plan. Rooms (7): Bath, Bedroom, LivingRoom, Outdoor, Outdoor Porch, Storage, Undefined. Walls ×15; windows ×4; doors ×7; stairs ×2. Fixed furniture: BaseCabinet ×2, Fireplace, IntegratedStove, Sink, Toilet, WoodStove.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "building", "dossier": "f096d7235fdc2873", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Floor plan. Rooms (21): Bedroom ×4, Undefined ×3, Bath ×2, Outdoor ×2, UserDefined ×2, Bath Shower, Closet WalkIn, DraughtLobby, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Storage, Utility Laundry. Walls ×34; railings ×4; windows ×33; doors ×20; columns ×9. Fixed furniture: BaseCabinet ×12, Closet ×12, CoatCloset ×12, WallCabinet ×10, SaunaBenchMid ×4, Sink ×3, SpaceForAppliance ×2, Toilet ×2, DoubleSink, ElectricalAppliance, FireplaceCorner, Housing, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaStove, Shower, ShowerCab, TumbleDryer, WashingMachine, WoodStove.", "Floor plan. Rooms (10): Bath ×2, Bedroom ×2, Undefined ×2, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor Balcony. Walls ×24; railings ×3; windows ×6; doors ×7; columns ×1. Fixed furniture: Closet ×7, Housing ×6, BaseCabinet ×3, CoatCloset ×3, ShowerScreen ×3, WallCabinet ×3, RoundSink ×2, Toilet ×2, Dishwasher, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Shower, Sink, WashingMachine.", "Floor plan. Rooms (7): Bath, Bedroom, LivingRoom, Outdoor, Outdoor Porch, Storage, Undefined. Walls ×15; windows ×4; doors ×7; stairs ×2. Fixed furniture: BaseCabinet ×2, Fireplace, IntegratedStove, Sink, Toilet, WoodStove.", "Floor plan. Rooms (5): Bath, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, Room, Undefined. Walls ×19; windows ×4; doors ×3. Fixed furniture: Closet ×4, BaseCabinet ×2, SpaceForAppliance2 ×2, CoatCloset, DoubleSinkRight, Housing, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, Shower, Sink, Toilet, WallCabinet."], "qid": "T2_building_c41d4cf3d375", "question": {"media": "f096d7235fdc2873.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"f096d7235fdc2873.png\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "f096d7235fdc2873"}
+{"answer": "Floor plan. Rooms (7): Bath, DraughtLobby, DressingRoom, Elevated, Outdoor Terrace, Room, Undefined. Walls ×24; railings ×1; windows ×5; doors ×5; columns ×1; stairs ×2. Fixed furniture: SaunaBench ×3, BaseCabinet, DoubleSink, Fireplace, IntegratedStove, Misc, SaunaStove, WallCabinet.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "building", "dossier": "b4f18a69adbf1b68", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Floor plan. Rooms (11): Bedroom ×2, Undefined ×2, Bath, Bath Shower, Closet WalkIn, Dining, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor Balcony. Walls ×19; railings ×3; windows ×5; doors ×11; columns ×1. Fixed furniture: Closet ×9, BaseCabinet ×4, WallCabinet ×3, CoatCloset ×2, Sink ×2, SpaceForAppliance ×2, DoubleSink, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Shower, ShowerScreen, Toilet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (7): Bedroom ×2, Bath, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor, Undefined. Walls ×18; railings ×1; windows ×8; doors ×6. Fixed furniture: Closet ×5, CoatCloset ×4, WallCabinet ×3, BaseCabinet ×2, Housing ×2, Dishwasher, DoubleSink, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, Shower, Sink, Toilet, WashingMachine.", "Floor plan. Rooms (7): Bath, DraughtLobby, DressingRoom, Elevated, Outdoor Terrace, Room, Undefined. Walls ×24; railings ×1; windows ×5; doors ×5; columns ×1; stairs ×2. Fixed furniture: SaunaBench ×3, BaseCabinet, DoubleSink, Fireplace, IntegratedStove, Misc, SaunaStove, WallCabinet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (5): Bath, Bedroom, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom. Walls ×16; windows ×4; doors ×3. Fixed furniture: Closet ×4, BaseCabinet ×2, CoatCloset, Dishwasher, DoubleSinkRight, Housing, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, Shower, Sink, SpaceForAppliance2, Toilet, WallCabinet."], "qid": "T2_building_9a4f2f88a669", "question": {"media": "b4f18a69adbf1b68.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"b4f18a69adbf1b68.png\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "b4f18a69adbf1b68"}
+{"answer": "Floor plan. Rooms (7): Undefined ×2, Bath, Bedroom, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor. Walls ×25; railings ×1; windows ×3; doors ×5. Fixed furniture: Closet ×4, BaseCabinet ×2, CoatCloset ×2, WallCabinet ×2, DoubleSinkRight, Housing, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Shower, Sink, SpaceForAppliance2, Toilet, WashingMachine.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "building", "dossier": "601dc481e549de2d", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Floor plan. Rooms (12): Undefined ×3, Bath Shower, Bedroom, Dining, DraughtLobby, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor, Outdoor Terrace. Walls ×15; railings ×1; windows ×3; doors ×7. Fixed furniture: Closet ×9, BaseCabinet ×3, ElectricalAppliance ×2, Sink ×2, CoatCloset, Dishwasher, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Shower, Toilet, WallCabinet, WashingMachine.", "Floor plan. Rooms (7): Undefined ×2, Bath, Bedroom, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor. Walls ×25; railings ×1; windows ×3; doors ×5. Fixed furniture: Closet ×4, BaseCabinet ×2, CoatCloset ×2, WallCabinet ×2, DoubleSinkRight, Housing, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Shower, Sink, SpaceForAppliance2, Toilet, WashingMachine.", "Floor plan. Rooms (20): Undefined ×14, Attic, Bath, Entry Lobby, LivingRoom, Storage, UserDefined. Walls ×50; windows ×18; doors ×18; stairs ×2. Fixed furniture: Closet ×13, BaseCabinet ×5, WallCabinet ×3, Sink ×2, Toilet ×2, DoubleSink, ElectricalAppliance, Fireplace, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Shower, SpaceForAppliance2, WashingMachine.", "Floor plan. Rooms (10): Bath ×2, Bedroom ×2, Undefined ×2, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor Balcony. Walls ×24; railings ×3; windows ×6; doors ×7; columns ×1. Fixed furniture: Closet ×7, Housing ×6, BaseCabinet ×3, CoatCloset ×3, ShowerScreen ×3, WallCabinet ×3, RoundSink ×2, Toilet ×2, Dishwasher, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Shower, Sink, WashingMachine."], "qid": "T2_building_e29d45b2d027", "question": {"media": "601dc481e549de2d.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"601dc481e549de2d.png\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "601dc481e549de2d"}
+{"answer": "Floor plan. Rooms (8): Bath Shower, Bedroom, Closet WalkIn, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor Balcony, Undefined. Walls ×19; railings ×3; windows ×4; doors ×7. Fixed furniture: Closet ×5, BaseCabinet ×2, CoatCloset ×2, Housing ×2, SaunaBenchLow ×2, SaunaBenchMid ×2, SpaceForAppliance2 ×2, WallCabinet ×2, DoubleSinkRight, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaStove, Shower, ShowerScreen, Sink, Toilet.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "building", "dossier": "16ab3359529a0b36", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Floor plan. Rooms (18): Undefined ×8, Bedroom ×3, Outdoor ×2, Dining, Kitchen, LivingRoom, UserDefined, Utility Laundry. Walls ×38; railings ×6; windows ×14; doors ×14; stairs ×2. Fixed furniture: Closet ×11, BaseCabinet ×6, WallCabinet ×4, ElectricalAppliance ×2, SaunaBenchLow ×2, Shower ×2, Sink ×2, Toilet ×2, Bathtub, CoatCloset, Dishwasher, DoubleSink, Fireplace, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchMid, TumbleDryer.", "Floor plan. Rooms (6): Undefined ×2, Alcove, Closet WalkIn, Kitchen Kitchenette, Room. Walls ×14; windows ×3; doors ×3. Fixed furniture: BaseCabinet ×2, CoatCloset ×2, Closet, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, Shower, SideSink, Sink, Toilet, WallCabinet, WashingMachine.", "Floor plan. Rooms (14): Bedroom ×2, Outdoor CoveredArea ×2, Bath, Bath Shower, CarPort, Closet WalkIn, Entry Lobby, LivingRoom, Storage, Undefined, UserDefined, Utility Laundry. Walls ×27; railings ×1; windows ×8; doors ×11; columns ×5; stairs ×3. Fixed furniture: Closet ×7, BaseCabinet ×3, WallCabinet ×3, CoatCloset ×2, ElectricalAppliance ×2, Sink ×2, Toilet ×2, Chimney, DoubleSinkRight, Fireplace, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Shower, SpaceForAppliance2, WashingMachine.", "Floor plan. Rooms (8): Bath Shower, Bedroom, Closet WalkIn, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor Balcony, Undefined. Walls ×19; railings ×3; windows ×4; doors ×7. Fixed furniture: Closet ×5, BaseCabinet ×2, CoatCloset ×2, Housing ×2, SaunaBenchLow ×2, SaunaBenchMid ×2, SpaceForAppliance2 ×2, WallCabinet ×2, DoubleSinkRight, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaStove, Shower, ShowerScreen, Sink, Toilet."], "qid": "T2_building_7ea0758da56b", "question": {"media": "16ab3359529a0b36.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"16ab3359529a0b36.png\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "16ab3359529a0b36"}
+{"answer": "Floor plan. Rooms (8): Bedroom, Closet WalkIn, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor Balcony, Undefined, UserDefined. Walls ×16; railings ×3; windows ×4; doors ×5. Fixed furniture: BaseCabinet ×3, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, RoundSink, Shower, Toilet, WallCabinet.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "building", "dossier": "4d7b45551dfbc775", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Floor plan. Rooms (9): Bath ×2, Bedroom ×2, Undefined ×2, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor Balcony. Walls ×23; railings ×1; windows ×5; doors ×10. Fixed furniture: Closet ×11, BaseCabinet ×4, Sink ×2, Toilet ×2, DoubleSink, IntegratedStove, Shower.", "Floor plan. Rooms (8): Bedroom, Closet WalkIn, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor Balcony, Undefined, UserDefined. Walls ×16; railings ×3; windows ×4; doors ×5. Fixed furniture: BaseCabinet ×3, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, RoundSink, Shower, Toilet, WallCabinet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (12): Bedroom ×3, Bath ×2, Closet WalkIn ×2, Entry Lobby ×2, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Utility Laundry. Walls ×45; windows ×5; doors ×13. Fixed furniture: Closet ×7, Sink ×6, BaseCabinet ×5, WallCabinet ×3, CoatCloset ×2, Housing ×2, ElectricalAppliance, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, Shower, SpaceForAppliance2, Toilet, TumbleDryer, WashingMachine.", "Floor plan. Rooms (18): Room ×4, Undefined ×4, Bath ×3, Closet WalkIn, Dining, Kitchen, Outdoor, Outdoor Balcony, Outdoor Garden, Storage Shed. Walls ×39; railings ×8; windows ×7; doors ×14; stairs ×2. Fixed furniture: Closet ×5, CoatCloset ×5, BaseCabinet ×4, WallCabinet ×3, ElectricalAppliance ×2, Housing ×2, Sink ×2, Toilet ×2, DoubleSink, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, Shower, SpaceForAppliance, WashingMachine."], "qid": "T2_building_8b58e0cc48ec", "question": {"media": "4d7b45551dfbc775.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"4d7b45551dfbc775.png\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "4d7b45551dfbc775"}
+{"answer": "Floor plan. Rooms (8): Undefined ×2, Bath, Bedroom, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom, UserDefined. Walls ×20; railings ×1; windows ×6; doors ×5. Fixed furniture: BaseCabinet ×5, Closet ×4, CoatCloset ×3, SpaceForAppliance2 ×2, WallCabinet ×2, DoubleSinkRight, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, RoundSink, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Shower, ShowerScreen, Toilet.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "building", "dossier": "644f51fb5a23b3f7", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Floor plan. Rooms (15): Bedroom ×2, Outdoor ×2, Bath, Bath Shower, Closet WalkIn, Dining, DraughtLobby, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor CoveredArea, Storage, Undefined. Walls ×22; railings ×4; windows ×8; doors ×14; columns ×3. Fixed furniture: Closet ×7, BaseCabinet ×3, SaunaBench ×3, WallCabinet ×2, CoatCloset, DoubleSink, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, SaunaStove, Shower, Sink, Toilet, WashingMachine.", "Floor plan. Rooms (5): Undefined ×2, Entry Lobby, Outdoor, Room. Walls ×11; windows ×11; doors ×3; stairs ×1. Fixed furniture: SaunaBench ×3, SaunaStove.", "Floor plan. Rooms (8): Undefined ×2, Bath, Bedroom, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom, UserDefined. Walls ×20; railings ×1; windows ×6; doors ×5. Fixed furniture: BaseCabinet ×5, Closet ×4, CoatCloset ×3, SpaceForAppliance2 ×2, WallCabinet ×2, DoubleSinkRight, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, RoundSink, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Shower, ShowerScreen, Toilet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (18): Bath ×3, Bedroom ×2, Undefined ×2, Bath Shower, Closet WalkIn, Den Fireplace, DraughtLobby, Entry Lobby, Garage, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor, Sauna, Storage. Walls ×30; windows ×14; doors ×17; columns ×3; stairs ×3. Fixed furniture: Closet ×18, BaseCabinet ×5, WallCabinet ×4, CoatCloset ×2, Sink ×2, Toilet ×2, CornerSink, Dishwasher, Fireplace, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Shower, WaterTap."], "qid": "T2_building_8965aecf2971", "question": {"media": "644f51fb5a23b3f7.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"644f51fb5a23b3f7.png\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "644f51fb5a23b3f7"}
+{"answer": "Floor plan. Rooms (9): Room ×3, Undefined ×2, Bath, Closet WalkIn, Kitchen, Outdoor. Walls ×15; railings ×2; windows ×7; doors ×9. Fixed furniture: BaseCabinet ×3, WallCabinet ×2, Bathtub, Closet, CoatCloset, DoubleSink, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, Shower, Sink, Toilet.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "building", "dossier": "507e5e4068178624", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Floor plan. Rooms (7): Bath Shower, Bedroom, Closet WalkIn, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor. Walls ×15; railings ×1; windows ×5; doors ×5. Fixed furniture: CoatCloset ×4, BaseCabinet ×2, ShowerScreen ×2, Closet, DoubleSink, Housing, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, Shower, Sink, SpaceForAppliance, Toilet, WallCabinet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (5): Bath, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, Room, Undefined. Walls ×19; windows ×4; doors ×3. Fixed furniture: Closet ×4, BaseCabinet ×2, SpaceForAppliance2 ×2, CoatCloset, DoubleSinkRight, Housing, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, Shower, Sink, Toilet, WallCabinet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (9): Room ×3, Undefined ×2, Bath, Closet WalkIn, Kitchen, Outdoor. Walls ×15; railings ×2; windows ×7; doors ×9. Fixed furniture: BaseCabinet ×3, WallCabinet ×2, Bathtub, Closet, CoatCloset, DoubleSink, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, Shower, Sink, Toilet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (19): Bedroom ×4, Bath ×2, Closet WalkIn ×2, Outdoor ×2, Undefined ×2, Bath Shower, Entry, Kitchen, LivingRoom, TechnicalRoom, UserDefined, Utility Laundry. Walls ×36; railings ×10; windows ×15; doors ×14; columns ×8; stairs ×2. Fixed furniture: Closet ×11, BaseCabinet ×7, CoatCloset ×3, ElectricalAppliance ×3, SaunaBench ×3, Sink ×3, Toilet ×3, Refrigerator ×2, Shower ×2, WallCabinet ×2, Chimney, Dishwasher, DoubleSink, Fireplace, IntegratedStove, RoundSink, SaunaStove, ShowerScreen, WashingMachine."], "qid": "T2_building_9efc6e2bc506", "question": {"media": "507e5e4068178624.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"507e5e4068178624.png\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "507e5e4068178624"}
+{"answer": "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (113): window ×38, pillar ×29, sill ×19, cornice ×18, molding ×4, shop ×4, facade.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "building", "dossier": "38d117970f83f896", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Rectified facade. Annotated elements (65): window ×51, shop ×7, deco ×2, molding ×2, balcony, door, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (41): window ×14, pillar ×9, sill ×9, cornice ×5, molding ×2, door, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (100): window ×35, pillar ×27, sill ×15, deco ×8, balcony ×6, cornice ×5, molding ×2, door, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (113): window ×38, pillar ×29, sill ×19, cornice ×18, molding ×4, shop ×4, facade."], "qid": "T2_building_6b1df5a09b17", "question": {"media": "38d117970f83f896.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"38d117970f83f896.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "38d117970f83f896"}
+{"answer": "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (133): window ×104, sill ×20, shop ×6, molding ×2, facade.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "building", "dossier": "f82ad79e4fe0aa15", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Rectified facade. Annotated elements (90): window ×87, shop ×2, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (133): window ×104, sill ×20, shop ×6, molding ×2, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (103): window ×32, deco ×24, sill ×19, cornice ×15, molding ×4, pillar ×4, balcony ×2, door ×2, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (20): window ×9, sill ×5, deco ×2, molding ×2, door, facade."], "qid": "T2_building_e9c288947801", "question": {"media": "f82ad79e4fe0aa15.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"f82ad79e4fe0aa15.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "f82ad79e4fe0aa15"}
+{"answer": "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (143): window ×82, deco ×26, pillar ×18, molding ×6, shop ×5, sill ×5, facade.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "building", "dossier": "b3ca93106d737877", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Rectified facade. Annotated elements (30): window ×9, balcony ×4, sill ×4, blind ×3, cornice ×3, deco ×3, molding ×2, facade, shop.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (143): window ×82, deco ×26, pillar ×18, molding ×6, shop ×5, sill ×5, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (64): window ×19, cornice ×18, sill ×18, molding ×3, shop ×3, facade ×2, door.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (21): window ×11, blind ×6, molding ×2, balcony, shop."], "qid": "T2_building_6ade75908398", "question": {"media": "b3ca93106d737877.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"b3ca93106d737877.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "b3ca93106d737877"}
+{"answer": "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (149): pillar ×90, window ×25, cornice ×12, sill ×8, shop ×6, molding ×3, blind ×2, deco ×2, facade.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "building", "dossier": "eac67f161e65345d", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Rectified facade. Annotated elements (149): pillar ×90, window ×25, cornice ×12, sill ×8, shop ×6, molding ×3, blind ×2, deco ×2, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (54): pillar ×17, window ×14, deco ×7, shop ×6, sill ×5, molding ×2, blind, door, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (121): window ×49, pillar ×31, sill ×24, molding ×5, deco ×4, shop ×3, cornice ×2, door ×2, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (60): window ×25, blind ×18, sill ×6, cornice ×5, balcony ×3, facade, molding, shop."], "qid": "T2_building_f8d45b442728", "question": {"media": "eac67f161e65345d.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"eac67f161e65345d.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "eac67f161e65345d"}
+{"answer": "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (293): pillar ×176, window ×55, blind ×23, cornice ×10, shop ×9, balcony ×7, molding ×5, sill ×5, deco ×2, facade.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "building", "dossier": "422d607405951d1d", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Rectified facade. Annotated elements (293): pillar ×176, window ×55, blind ×23, cornice ×10, shop ×9, balcony ×7, molding ×5, sill ×5, deco ×2, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (45): pillar ×22, cornice ×6, window ×6, balcony ×4, molding ×3, shop ×3, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (30): window ×9, balcony ×4, sill ×4, blind ×3, cornice ×3, deco ×3, molding ×2, facade, shop.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (47): pillar ×15, window ×12, cornice ×6, sill ×6, molding ×3, balcony ×2, deco ×2, facade."], "qid": "T2_building_4ac5fa5d261e", "question": {"media": "422d607405951d1d.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"422d607405951d1d.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "422d607405951d1d"}
+{"answer": "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (36): pillar ×12, window ×10, sill ×7, cornice ×2, molding ×2, door, facade, shop.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "building", "dossier": "be7b0f86ee3389a7", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Rectified facade. Annotated elements (216): pillar ×72, window ×54, cornice ×26, deco ×18, sill ×17, shop ×12, molding ×7, balcony ×4, door ×4, facade ×2.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (88): blind ×42, window ×39, sill ×3, balcony ×2, cornice, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (88): window ×73, blind ×13, deco, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (36): pillar ×12, window ×10, sill ×7, cornice ×2, molding ×2, door, facade, shop."], "qid": "T2_building_5acfd243a714", "question": {"media": "be7b0f86ee3389a7.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"be7b0f86ee3389a7.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "be7b0f86ee3389a7"}
+{"answer": "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (61): window ×25, pillar ×12, blind ×9, balcony ×7, sill ×3, cornice ×2, molding ×2, facade.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "building", "dossier": "2c1cf62524d44dbd", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Rectified facade. Annotated elements (36): pillar ×12, window ×10, sill ×7, cornice ×2, molding ×2, door, facade, shop.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (61): window ×25, pillar ×12, blind ×9, balcony ×7, sill ×3, cornice ×2, molding ×2, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (42): window ×19, shop ×6, blind ×5, sill ×5, balcony ×2, deco ×2, cornice, door, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (93): window ×54, pillar ×21, balcony ×9, molding ×6, deco, door, facade."], "qid": "T2_building_5bf9474fb4cc", "question": {"media": "2c1cf62524d44dbd.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"2c1cf62524d44dbd.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "2c1cf62524d44dbd"}
+{"answer": "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (65): window ×51, shop ×7, deco ×2, molding ×2, balcony, door, facade.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "building", "dossier": "e6cb0207916cb008", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Rectified facade. Annotated elements (56): window ×20, pillar ×15, sill ×10, cornice ×6, molding ×3, deco, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (20): window ×9, sill ×5, deco ×2, molding ×2, door, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (65): window ×51, shop ×7, deco ×2, molding ×2, balcony, door, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (72): pillar ×36, blind ×8, window ×8, cornice ×6, balcony ×4, shop ×4, sill ×3, molding ×2, facade."], "qid": "T2_building_4170172c0949", "question": {"media": "e6cb0207916cb008.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"e6cb0207916cb008.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "e6cb0207916cb008"}
+{"answer": "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (67): window ×22, deco ×13, pillar ×12, sill ×10, door ×4, molding ×4, cornice, facade.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "building", "dossier": "7b99a5e3fe3043e0", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Rectified facade. Annotated elements (67): window ×22, deco ×13, pillar ×12, sill ×10, door ×4, molding ×4, cornice, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (102): window ×70, sill ×12, deco ×7, molding ×5, shop ×4, cornice ×2, facade ×2.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (103): window ×32, deco ×24, sill ×19, cornice ×15, molding ×4, pillar ×4, balcony ×2, door ×2, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (173): deco ×64, pillar ×30, window ×29, cornice ×19, balcony ×15, sill ×10, molding ×4, door, facade."], "qid": "T2_building_af4c8a6139f7", "question": {"media": "7b99a5e3fe3043e0.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"7b99a5e3fe3043e0.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "7b99a5e3fe3043e0"}
+{"answer": "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (72): window ×27, pillar ×20, cornice ×14, sill ×7, molding ×2, door, facade.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "building", "dossier": "2f7e31a1e57b6071", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Rectified facade. Annotated elements (72): window ×27, pillar ×20, cornice ×14, sill ×7, molding ×2, door, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (173): deco ×64, pillar ×30, window ×29, cornice ×19, balcony ×15, sill ×10, molding ×4, door, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (32): window ×21, blind ×10, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (172): pillar ×86, window ×32, deco ×21, sill ×12, balcony ×8, cornice ×5, shop ×4, molding ×3, facade."], "qid": "T2_building_a003fdb6c20d", "question": {"media": "2f7e31a1e57b6071.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"2f7e31a1e57b6071.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "2f7e31a1e57b6071"}
+{"answer": "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (72): window ×30, sill ×21, cornice ×14, shop ×4, molding ×2, facade.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "building", "dossier": "e6bc8940aa6ea8bb", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Rectified facade. Annotated elements (27): window ×12, sill ×9, shop ×3, molding ×2, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (72): window ×30, sill ×21, cornice ×14, shop ×4, molding ×2, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (132): blind ×38, window ×38, sill ×19, cornice ×16, shop ×9, molding ×6, balcony ×3, facade ×2, door.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (69): pillar ×28, window ×11, blind ×10, cornice ×7, balcony ×5, shop ×4, deco, door, facade, molding."], "qid": "T2_building_ee6121d74142", "question": {"media": "e6bc8940aa6ea8bb.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"e6bc8940aa6ea8bb.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "e6bc8940aa6ea8bb"}
+{"answer": "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (77): window ×35, sill ×17, cornice ×9, pillar ×6, deco ×4, door ×2, molding ×2, facade, shop.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "building", "dossier": "5853c671de807ef8", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Rectified facade. Annotated elements (77): window ×35, sill ×17, cornice ×9, pillar ×6, deco ×4, door ×2, molding ×2, facade, shop.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (103): window ×38, pillar ×30, sill ×14, balcony ×7, deco ×6, cornice ×4, molding ×2, door, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (133): window ×104, sill ×20, shop ×6, molding ×2, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (33): window ×12, blind ×7, sill ×5, balcony ×3, molding ×3, cornice ×2, facade."], "qid": "T2_building_9c197766d1a8", "question": {"media": "5853c671de807ef8.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"5853c671de807ef8.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "5853c671de807ef8"}
+{"answer": "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (81): window ×38, sill ×19, cornice ×9, pillar ×6, shop ×3, deco ×2, molding ×2, door, facade.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "building", "dossier": "4d087d6d53dd8ec5", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Rectified facade. Annotated elements (24): deco ×10, window ×9, shop ×2, door, facade, molding.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (125): window ×49, cornice ×18, deco ×18, sill ×16, shop ×10, balcony ×6, molding ×5, door ×2, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (103): window ×32, deco ×24, sill ×19, cornice ×15, molding ×4, pillar ×4, balcony ×2, door ×2, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (81): window ×38, sill ×19, cornice ×9, pillar ×6, shop ×3, deco ×2, molding ×2, door, facade."], "qid": "T2_building_ec55c72670dc", "question": {"media": "4d087d6d53dd8ec5.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"4d087d6d53dd8ec5.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "4d087d6d53dd8ec5"}
+{"answer": "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (93): window ×54, pillar ×21, balcony ×9, molding ×6, deco, door, facade.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "building", "dossier": "844c5382c4623db6", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Rectified facade. Annotated elements (52): window ×11, blind ×9, sill ×9, cornice ×7, door ×7, molding ×3, balcony ×2, deco ×2, facade ×2.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (93): window ×54, shop ×11, molding ×9, sill ×9, balcony ×5, facade ×4, deco.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (93): window ×54, pillar ×21, balcony ×9, molding ×6, deco, door, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (102): window ×70, sill ×12, deco ×7, molding ×5, shop ×4, cornice ×2, facade ×2."], "qid": "T2_building_76fdeb85bdee", "question": {"media": "844c5382c4623db6.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"844c5382c4623db6.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "844c5382c4623db6"}
+{"answer": "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (96): blind ×40, window ×30, pillar ×8, sill ×6, balcony ×4, molding ×4, deco ×3, facade.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "building", "dossier": "97d72428307a3589", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Rectified facade. Annotated elements (149): pillar ×90, window ×25, cornice ×12, sill ×8, shop ×6, molding ×3, blind ×2, deco ×2, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (113): window ×38, pillar ×29, sill ×19, cornice ×18, molding ×4, shop ×4, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (96): blind ×40, window ×30, pillar ×8, sill ×6, balcony ×4, molding ×4, deco ×3, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (50): window ×42, molding ×5, door, facade, shop."], "qid": "T2_building_ae2d9568c0f2", "question": {"media": "97d72428307a3589.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"97d72428307a3589.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "97d72428307a3589"}
+{"answer": "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (98): pillar ×30, window ×26, deco ×14, cornice ×8, sill ×8, molding ×4, shop ×4, door ×3, facade.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "building", "dossier": "5c402fa37930d074", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Rectified facade. Annotated elements (166): window ×101, sill ×20, pillar ×12, deco ×8, balcony ×6, molding ×6, cornice ×5, shop ×5, facade ×3.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (98): pillar ×30, window ×26, deco ×14, cornice ×8, sill ×8, molding ×4, shop ×4, door ×3, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (88): blind ×42, window ×39, sill ×3, balcony ×2, cornice, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (56): window ×20, pillar ×15, sill ×10, cornice ×6, molding ×3, deco, facade."], "qid": "T2_building_55a27cf8f2b4", "question": {"media": "5c402fa37930d074.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"5c402fa37930d074.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "5c402fa37930d074"}
diff --git a/release/gold/T2/education.jsonl b/release/gold/T2/education.jsonl
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a671d2d77062bf7175424e42fc7f8670acdad64c
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+++ b/release/gold/T2/education.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{"answer": "A History of the American Revolution — Samuel Williams authored A History of the American Revolution in 1795 when it first appeared in monthly installments in his Rural Magazine. This edition was compiled from the monthly editions and published by William Storer, Jr. in 1824. The book was intended as a reading book for schools, to teach children about the history of the American Revolution. The preface notes that, “next to the Bible, the history of the American Revolution is most deservedly entitled to the attention and reverence of the youth.” The book was published in several editions, speaking to its popularity among early colonists and its utility in teaching youngster the history of the new country. The Copp Collection contains about 150 books of early American imprint and shows a wide range of reading matter typical of a New England Puritan family living in a port town. Literacy was expected of many New Englanders, as Puritan doctrine required everyone to read the Bible. The abundance of multiple Bibles, psalms, hymnodies, sermons, and morality tales reflects the Copp’s religious beliefs. Other highlights of the library include the works of Shakespeare, almanacs, historical and political texts, and travel narratives. The Copp Collection contains a variety of household objects that the Copp family of Connecticut used from around 1700 until the mid-1800s. Part of the Puritan Great Migration from England to Boston, the family eventually made their home in New London County, Connecticut, where their textiles, clothes, utensils, ceramics, books, bibles, and letters provide a vivid picture of daily life. More of the collection from the Division of Home and Community Life can be viewed by searching accession number 28810.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "education", "dossier": "9c6978e0c032d39a", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["James Russell's 1871 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — James Russell from Plymouth, Indiana, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 117467 was issued on July 25, 1871. This model has two separate seats that fold up, with a backrest connected like a bench. There are two attached desks behind the back rest that both have lids that can lift up. The wooden bench seat and desk are made of a dark wood with metal hinges. The desktop is divided to make a pair. The bench on the desk front is split in the same manner as the desktop. There is storage underneath both desks for books. The seats fold up individually, though the back rest is connected like a bench. The model includes original patent tags. James Russell was born in 1821 and became a carpenter in Plymouth, Indiana.", "The New Geographical Grammar — Thomas Salmon’s first edition of New Universal Geographical and Historical Grammar was published in 1749. This edition isn’t dated, but since it was still dedicated to King George the Third, it was likely published before his death in 1820. The book contained a description of the shape and motion of the Earth, with descriptions of each continent, its rulers, and its main geographic features. Early New England education was focused around textbooks like the New Universal Geographical and Historical Grammar, which was very successful with . over ten editions printed. The Copp Collection contains about 150 books of early American imprint and shows a wide range of reading matter typical of a New England Puritan family living in a port town. Literacy was expected of many New Englanders, as Puritan doctrine required everyone to read the Bible. The abundance of multiple Bibles, psalms, hymnodies, sermons, and morality tales reflects the Copp’s religious beliefs. Other highlights of the library include the works of Shakespeare, almanacs, historical and political texts, and travel narratives. The Copp Collection contains a variety of household objects that the Copp family of Connecticut used from around 1700 until the mid-1800s. Part of the Puritan Great Migration from England to Boston, the family eventually made their home in New London County, Connecticut, where their textiles, clothes, utensils, ceramics, books, bibles, and letters provide a vivid picture of daily life. More of the collection from the Division of Home and Community Life can be viewed by searching accession number 28810.", "Isaac Newton Peirce's 1891 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — Isaac Newton Peirce from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, received a U.S. patent for an improved walnut and brass school desk. Patent no. 121543 was issued on December 5, 1871. This desk features a shelf for books. The patent suggested there be a pocket or small shelf in front of the bookshelf for holding pens and pencils. The desk can be raised or lowered. It has a pair of cast brass \"A\" shape pieces which are used to support a writing flap. The bench is smooth with a curved backrest. There are also springs underneath the desktop. We are not aware of any additional information about the inventor/patentee.", "A History of the American Revolution — Samuel Williams authored A History of the American Revolution in 1795 when it first appeared in monthly installments in his Rural Magazine. This edition was compiled from the monthly editions and published by William Storer, Jr. in 1824. The book was intended as a reading book for schools, to teach children about the history of the American Revolution. The preface notes that, “next to the Bible, the history of the American Revolution is most deservedly entitled to the attention and reverence of the youth.” The book was published in several editions, speaking to its popularity among early colonists and its utility in teaching youngster the history of the new country. The Copp Collection contains about 150 books of early American imprint and shows a wide range of reading matter typical of a New England Puritan family living in a port town. Literacy was expected of many New Englanders, as Puritan doctrine required everyone to read the Bible. The abundance of multiple Bibles, psalms, hymnodies, sermons, and morality tales reflects the Copp’s religious beliefs. Other highlights of the library include the works of Shakespeare, almanacs, historical and political texts, and travel narratives. The Copp Collection contains a variety of household objects that the Copp family of Connecticut used from around 1700 until the mid-1800s. Part of the Puritan Great Migration from England to Boston, the family eventually made their home in New London County, Connecticut, where their textiles, clothes, utensils, ceramics, books, bibles, and letters provide a vivid picture of daily life. More of the collection from the Division of Home and Community Life can be viewed by searching accession number 28810."], "qid": "T2_education_a9cde280dc1c", "question": {"media": "9c6978e0c032d39a.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"9c6978e0c032d39a.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "9c6978e0c032d39a"}
+{"answer": "A stereograph of Howard University in the late 19th century — A stereograph produced by C. W. Woodward, date unknown, of an outdoor scene titled: \"1482. Howard University, Washington City, D.C.\" below the image. The stereograph is rectangular in shape with two identical albumen photographs that are square-shaped attached to a piece of cardboard. Both images feature a stately University building in the background with a large group of African American men and women in the foreground standing or lounging on the lawn. The left edge of the stereograph contains the following textual information inside a decorative banner: \"C.W. Woodward, Rochester, N.Y.\" while the right side contains the following: \"Washington City, D.C.\" inside a decorative banner.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "education", "dossier": "211f1f832f8c6934", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Flier for Southern Africa: The Struggle for National Liberation conference — This flier advertises a conference entitled Southern Africa: The Struggle for National Liberation. The flier is white paper with black text. The flier reads: [SOUTHERN AFRICA: The Struggle for National Liberation / A Conference sponsored by / The Yale-New Haven Southern African Solidarity Committee / Yale University / April 9-10, 1976 / Friday, April 9, 7:30p.m. - 9:45p.m., Davies Auditorium (Prospect St. near Grove St.) / Saturday, April 10, 9:00a.m.-6:00p.m., Linsly Chittenden (Old Campus, Chapel & High St.)]. The back of the flier details the schedule of events of the conference and information about the presenters.", "A stereograph of Howard University in the late 19th century — A stereograph produced by C. W. Woodward, date unknown, of an outdoor scene titled: \"1482. Howard University, Washington City, D.C.\" below the image. The stereograph is rectangular in shape with two identical albumen photographs that are square-shaped attached to a piece of cardboard. Both images feature a stately University building in the background with a large group of African American men and women in the foreground standing or lounging on the lawn. The left edge of the stereograph contains the following textual information inside a decorative banner: \"C.W. Woodward, Rochester, N.Y.\" while the right side contains the following: \"Washington City, D.C.\" inside a decorative banner.", "Diploma from The Lelia College — This diploma from The Lelia College reads \"The Lelia College\" in large black ornate letters in a curve across the top. Beneath it reads \"Indianapolis, Indiana/ For teaching Mme. C.J. Walker's Method of Growing Hair.\" For full text please see Notes Text Entries Transcription. The diploma is decorated with scrolling swirls around the college name and a stylized border around the edge. The paper is yellowed and creased and torn along some of the creases. The diploma is surrounded by a white matting and dark brown wooden frame with a glassed front. On the back of the frame is a white sticker with red and black text. It reads \"Enterprising Women: / 250 Years of American Business / National Heritage Museum / BU 3.4-WF Wall Frame No. 3.5.22 / Walker, Madam C. J. (1867-1919) / Lelia College Diploma / A'Lelia Bundles/Walker Family Collection / All venues.\"", "Carte-de-visite portrait of Miss Julia J. Thomas — Carte-de-visite of Miss Julia J. Thomas shown in quarter portrait. Thomas is facing the camera, but her head is turned one quarter to her right and she looks off camera. Her naturally curly hair is loosely gathered behind her back. She wears a heavily embellished dark colored bodice with a white ruffled standing collar and a dark lace bow tied at the front of her neck. The bottom portion of the image is purposefully faded in the popular style of the time. There is a border printed in gold ink surrounding the outside edges of the card mount. Handwritten in ink on the back of the photograph is the text, \"Julia J. Thomas / First Scholar in Greek / at Cornell. / Graduate June 1875.\" Below the handwritten text is Beardsley's mark. The photograph is housed in the album 2017.30. The album page has a triple-lined, gold border framing the print. Handwritten in graphite inside the bottom border of the printed frame of the album page is the text \"Miss Julia J. Thomas\". Handwritten in graphite at the lower left corner of the album page is the text \"1st GREEK SCHOLAR IN GREEK / at CORNELL Grad. June 1875\"."], "qid": "T2_education_7ca06b699fb9", "question": {"media": "211f1f832f8c6934.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"211f1f832f8c6934.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "211f1f832f8c6934"}
+{"answer": "Arithmetic Card for Use with a Numeral Frame — In the nineteenthth century, Americans began to teach young groups of children in classrooms. Some of these institutions were designed especially for these children, and were called infant schools. To create a vivid impression on young minds, teachers used a numeral frame or abacus in combination with a chart like this one. The cardboard chart was part of a larger series. It has printing on both sides. One side is entitled: ARITHMETIC CARD III. It shows groups of like objects on the left, with one slightly different object on the right. Subtracting one fallen tree from two trees leaves one tree standing, Having one of three mounted trumpeters fall off his horse leaves two trumpeters riding. Further illustrations show the loss of one from larger groups. The reverse of this chart is entitled: ARITHMETIC CARD VII. It has groups of vertical lines on the left and three vertical lines on the right, and is designed to teach adding by three. A mark on the chart reads: INFANT SCHOOL CARDS, PUBLISHED BY MUNROE & FRANCIS, BOSTON. For another chart in the series, see CL*389116.28. Infant schools were popular in Boston around 1830, and the abacus was introduced into the Boston schools at about that time. Munroe & Francis was in business from the last decades of the 1700s until 1860 or so. In October 1831, The New England Magazine announced that the firm had just published “Complete Sets of Lessons on Cards for Infant Schools, consisting of 100 Lessons of every variety, on 50 Boards.” It seems likely that these cards were part of that set. Reference: “Works Published,” The New England Magazine, 1 (1831), p. 368.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "education", "dossier": "d24554bb2aa65bbc", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Arithmetic Card for Use with a Numeral Frame — In the nineteenthth century, Americans began to teach young groups of children in classrooms. Some of these institutions were designed especially for these children, and were called infant schools. To create a vivid impression on young minds, teachers used a numeral frame or abacus in combination with a chart like this one. The cardboard chart was part of a larger series. It has printing on both sides. One side is entitled: ARITHMETIC CARD III. It shows groups of like objects on the left, with one slightly different object on the right. Subtracting one fallen tree from two trees leaves one tree standing, Having one of three mounted trumpeters fall off his horse leaves two trumpeters riding. Further illustrations show the loss of one from larger groups. The reverse of this chart is entitled: ARITHMETIC CARD VII. It has groups of vertical lines on the left and three vertical lines on the right, and is designed to teach adding by three. A mark on the chart reads: INFANT SCHOOL CARDS, PUBLISHED BY MUNROE & FRANCIS, BOSTON. For another chart in the series, see CL*389116.28. Infant schools were popular in Boston around 1830, and the abacus was introduced into the Boston schools at about that time. Munroe & Francis was in business from the last decades of the 1700s until 1860 or so. In October 1831, The New England Magazine announced that the firm had just published “Complete Sets of Lessons on Cards for Infant Schools, consisting of 100 Lessons of every variety, on 50 Boards.” It seems likely that these cards were part of that set. Reference: “Works Published,” The New England Magazine, 1 (1831), p. 368.", "William P. Goolman's 1874 School Desk Patent Model fragment — William P. Goodman from Kansas City, Missouri, received a U.S. patent for an improved desk. Patent no. 152224 was issued on June 23, 1874. The remaining parts of this desk model are four slats of dark wood that are indented on each side. The slats are connected by a museum foam board. According to the drawing and specifications both the seat and desk can be folded. The desktop was designed to be supported at different angles and included an ink well strip and bookrack. When the desk was folded, items sitting on the desk would not roll off. We are not aware of any additional information about the inventor/patentee.", "David I. Stagg's 1864 School and Public Building Seat Patent Model — David I. Stagg from New York received a U.S. patent for an improved seat. Patent no. 45091 was issued on November 15, 1864. This model is a bench seat that can fit two people. The bottom of the seat has the ability to fold upward so that it will not be in the way of people walking between the seats. There are small designs where the seat and backrest meet. The backrest has three horizontal pieces of wood or slats that are spaced for back support . It is made for both schools and public buildings. David I. Stagg was born in 1817. For fifty years he served as an apprentice and journeyman in the New York school system. In his last post he served as Superintendent of School Buildings, overseeing school construction. He died in 1886.", "Thomas Gregg's 1871 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — Thomas Gregg from Montour, Pennsylvania, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 119515 was issued on October 3, 1871. This model features exposed joints and brass nails which hold the desktop and tendon cross members forming the back and seat. Mounted on a platform, the framework is made up of brass and is decorative in design. The desktop does not lift up, but there is a shelf underneath for storage. We are not aware of any additional information about the inventor/patentee."], "qid": "T2_education_3a925a21921c", "question": {"media": "d24554bb2aa65bbc.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"d24554bb2aa65bbc.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "d24554bb2aa65bbc"}
+{"answer": "Carte-de-visite portrait of Emma V. Brown — Carte-de-visite of Emma V. Brown shown in half portrait. Her body faces the camera but her head is turned one quarter to her right and she looks off frame. Her hair is gathered loosely and in long ringlets that hang down behind her head. She wears a dark bodice with a ruffled front and collar with a white ruffled lace standing collar under it. A circular brooch is pinned at her center front neck. She wears circular dangling earrings. The bottom portion of the image is purposefully faded in the popular style of the time. Handwritten in ink below the photograph on the mount is the text, \"Emma V. Brown / my pupil & friend\". There is a mark for M.P & A.I. Rice on the back of the photograph. The photograph is housed in the album 2017.30. The album page has a triple-lined, gold border framing the print. Handwritten in graphite inside the bottom border of the printed frame of the album page is the text \"E. V. Brown\" and at the bottom left of the album page is the text \"M P Rice / 1217 Washington DC\".", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "education", "dossier": "fb12d04159f614b1", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Building brick from Spelman College's Upton Hall — A clay brick that was once part of the structure of Spelman College's Upton Hall. The brick is a standard solid style brick, with slight irregularity because of a loss at one of the corners. The brick is a deep red color, and all sides of the brick are worn. There is no mortar residue except for a very small area on one of the brick's short sides.", "Carte-de-visite portrait of Emma V. Brown — Carte-de-visite of Emma V. Brown shown in half portrait. Her body faces the camera but her head is turned one quarter to her right and she looks off frame. Her hair is gathered loosely and in long ringlets that hang down behind her head. She wears a dark bodice with a ruffled front and collar with a white ruffled lace standing collar under it. A circular brooch is pinned at her center front neck. She wears circular dangling earrings. The bottom portion of the image is purposefully faded in the popular style of the time. Handwritten in ink below the photograph on the mount is the text, \"Emma V. Brown / my pupil & friend\". There is a mark for M.P & A.I. Rice on the back of the photograph. The photograph is housed in the album 2017.30. The album page has a triple-lined, gold border framing the print. Handwritten in graphite inside the bottom border of the printed frame of the album page is the text \"E. V. Brown\" and at the bottom left of the album page is the text \"M P Rice / 1217 Washington DC\".", "Flier for Southern Africa: The Struggle for National Liberation conference — This flier advertises a conference entitled Southern Africa: The Struggle for National Liberation. The flier is white paper with black text. The flier reads: [SOUTHERN AFRICA: The Struggle for National Liberation / A Conference sponsored by / The Yale-New Haven Southern African Solidarity Committee / Yale University / April 9-10, 1976 / Friday, April 9, 7:30p.m. - 9:45p.m., Davies Auditorium (Prospect St. near Grove St.) / Saturday, April 10, 9:00a.m.-6:00p.m., Linsly Chittenden (Old Campus, Chapel & High St.)]. The back of the flier details the schedule of events of the conference and information about the presenters.", "Pennant for Wilberforce University — A university pennant olive green in color with a strip of gold felt trim at its base. There is gold lettering in calligraphic script down the center of the pennant. The text reads [Wilberforce].The back of the pennant has no lettering. There is a small tear at the bottom PL of the pennant. The second \"r\" is ripping slightly at its center and the pennant is deeply creased down the center of the first \"e.\" The pennant is slightly browned with dirt and age."], "qid": "T2_education_283e33c22551", "question": {"media": "fb12d04159f614b1.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"fb12d04159f614b1.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "fb12d04159f614b1"}
+{"answer": "Class of 1892 Oberlin Academy Preparatory School — A black and white photograph of the Oberlin Academy Preparatory School Class of 1892. There are three (3) rows of students. The first row is one (1) girl in a white dress. Her hair is pulled back and she has curls in the front. She appears to be kneeling on the ground. The middle row contains four (4) girls in white dresses. They are sitting down. The girl on the far proper right side has her hair pulled back with curls in the front. The girl to her left has curly hair which is also pulled back. The two girls to her left do not have curls, but their hair is pulled back with a bow. The back row contains six (6) students. Three girls in white dresses and three boys in black suits. The boy in the middle is also wearing a black tie. There are two (2) girls on the proper right side. They have their hair pulled back with curls in the front. Eva Dyson is the female student on the proper left side. Her hair is pulled back as well. The boy to her right is wearing glasses. The photo was taken in an interior setting. A rug, a chair, and some plants can be seen. All of the students are holding what appears to be a diploma in their hands. The photograph is mounted on a black board. The board appears to be marbled because of age and some of the corners are torn. The image appears to have yellowed with age. There are some spots on the back of the board. There is also a diagonal white label on the proper left side of the board. It reads [1892 Graduation/10.- DC] in pencil.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "education", "dossier": "4f9f3fb5f65a70c1", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Cheyney University Class of '64 40th Class Reunion name tag owned by Jim Vance — A name tag from the Cheyney University class of 1964 40th class reunion owned by Jim Vance. The tag is white with blue text. It is in a plastic holder with a metal clasp. Text on the tag reads “CHEYNEY UNIVERSITY / CLASS OF 64’ / 40TH CLASS REUNION / JAMES VANCE.”", "School copy book used by Hannah Amelia Lyons — A school copy book printed by Philip Price in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and used by Hannah Amelia Lyons. The book has paper covers bound on the proper left side. A length of knotted pink string extends from the top edge of the binding, serving as a bookmark. Several engravings are printed on the front and back covers. On the front cover is a portrait of John Adams entitled \"Late President of the United States,\" above an allegorical scene and space for the owner to sign the book, followed by the printer's name. The back cover has an image of an eagle flying over open waters between two ships and clasping a banner reading \"SHIPPED\" in its beak. Below the eagle is a floral sprig on the left and a grouping of masonic symbols on the right, with a thin scrollwork border below them. Below the border is a shield with an eagle inside it holding a banner reading \"E Pluribus Unum\". Below the shield are two separate allegorical scenes. The interior pages contain various school exercises including mathematics and poetry, with inscriptions dating from 1830 to 1836. On the front cover, within a printed box at bottom center is \"THE PROPERTY OF\" with the signature [Hannah A. Lyons / 1832].", "Class of 1892 Oberlin Academy Preparatory School — A black and white photograph of the Oberlin Academy Preparatory School Class of 1892. There are three (3) rows of students. The first row is one (1) girl in a white dress. Her hair is pulled back and she has curls in the front. She appears to be kneeling on the ground. The middle row contains four (4) girls in white dresses. They are sitting down. The girl on the far proper right side has her hair pulled back with curls in the front. The girl to her left has curly hair which is also pulled back. The two girls to her left do not have curls, but their hair is pulled back with a bow. The back row contains six (6) students. Three girls in white dresses and three boys in black suits. The boy in the middle is also wearing a black tie. There are two (2) girls on the proper right side. They have their hair pulled back with curls in the front. Eva Dyson is the female student on the proper left side. Her hair is pulled back as well. The boy to her right is wearing glasses. The photo was taken in an interior setting. A rug, a chair, and some plants can be seen. All of the students are holding what appears to be a diploma in their hands. The photograph is mounted on a black board. The board appears to be marbled because of age and some of the corners are torn. The image appears to have yellowed with age. There are some spots on the back of the board. There is also a diagonal white label on the proper left side of the board. It reads [1892 Graduation/10.- DC] in pencil.", "Ideals and Adventures (The Negro American Series Book Four) — Hardcover school book by Emma E. Akin titled Ideals and Adventures. The book has a green cloth cover with a black graphic on the cover and black text. The graphic occupies the upper three quarters of the cover. It shows an open book with different figures coming out of each page. They include a male painter, a woman wearing a shawl, a man poised to throw something, a woman holding an alphabet instruction book, a little girl, and a couple. Underneath the image is the title and author’s name. Handwritten in blue pencil on the front free endpaper is “Dup.” The book has 251 pages."], "qid": "T2_education_da2f93ffff68", "question": {"media": "4f9f3fb5f65a70c1.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"4f9f3fb5f65a70c1.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "4f9f3fb5f65a70c1"}
+{"answer": "Commencement announcement for Booker T. Washington High School — A commencement announcement from Booker T Washington High School in Tulsa, Oklahoma, class of 1932. The announcement is on off white paper with a blue leather tie on the left side. On the front is an art deco relief design of a skyscraper rising from a cloud with “Tulsa” and “1932” at the bottom center. Embossed in gold at center is a circular “BWHS” emblem surrounded by laurel leaves. Written in graphite at the top center of the back is [Dorothy Mae Madden].", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "education", "dossier": "679cdd178f99f77d", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Photograph of Regina Egertion Wright with Colored Training School diploma — A black and white photograph portrait of Regina Egertion Wright holding a rolled and tied diploma. She wears a light-colored dress. This photograph was originally framed with the diploma, 2011.156.15.1", "Report describing the activities of the NCNW's Citizenship Education Project — A seven (7) page document consisting of typewritten black ink on mimeograph paper, located between pages 30 and 31 of the scrapbook compiled by Frances Albrier (2010.60.1). The report describes the purpose, objective, and activities of the Citizenship Education Project. The report was written by Charles L. Tuner, Executive Secretary.", "Commencement announcement for Booker T. Washington High School — A commencement announcement from Booker T Washington High School in Tulsa, Oklahoma, class of 1932. The announcement is on off white paper with a blue leather tie on the left side. On the front is an art deco relief design of a skyscraper rising from a cloud with “Tulsa” and “1932” at the bottom center. Embossed in gold at center is a circular “BWHS” emblem surrounded by laurel leaves. Written in graphite at the top center of the back is [Dorothy Mae Madden].", "Program from Martin Luther King, Jr.'s funeral at the Ebenezer Baptist Church — A program (2012.39a) and case (2012.39b) for the funeral services for Martin Luther King, Jr. at Ebenezer Baptist Church and Morehouse College on April 9, 1968. The program has sixteen pages. The cover features a half-tone portrait of King."], "qid": "T2_education_f228a273ad53", "question": {"media": "679cdd178f99f77d.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"679cdd178f99f77d.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "679cdd178f99f77d"}
+{"answer": "Commencement program for Booker T. Washington High School — A program, black ink on discolored paper, for the commencement of the Booker T. Washington High School class of 1922. The cover of the program has the title, name of the school, location, and year. The interior lists the schedule and commencement exercises. The back of the program lists individuals who participated in the exercises including, William D. Williams to report class statistics.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "education", "dossier": "d2f3e0c5d548523b", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Photographic postcard to Dr. Arthur Melvin Townsend from Emma Azalia Hackley — A black-and-white photographic postcard of the Normal Vocal Institute in Chicago, IL. The photograph captures the building where the institution was housed, with an entrance up the stairs on the left and right side. There is a tree in front of the entrance on the left. Printed at the top of the photograph [NORMAL VOCAL INSTITUTE / 3019 CALUMET AV. CHICAGO]. The back of the postcard is used with [POST CARD] printed in black at the top with two sections horizontally divided, with [CORRESPONDANCE HERE] on the left and [ADDRESS HERE] on the right. Along the left edge is information on the photography studio. The handwritten message was written by Emma Azalia Hackley to Dr. Arthur Melvin Townsend about the school and seeing Mrs. Willa Ann Hadley.", "Sharp's Language Drills and Test: Fifth Grade — A paperbound fifth grade workbook. Cover has a thin, stylized border with foliage about one half inch from the edges. Within the border is the workbook title and student information. Pre-printed text reads: [SHARP'S / LANGUAGE DRILLS / and TESTS / FIFTH GRADE]. The student information is found within a small rectangle just below center. Pre-printed fields are titled: [Name / School / Grade / Term / Date]. Handwritten in the blanks for the student information is text written in pencil by the student Emery Crawford: [Emery Crawford / Covert Conssoldated (sic) / Five / 1929, 1930 / Nov 27, 1929]. The publishing company is along the bottom within the border: [WEBSTER PUBLISHING COMPANY / ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI]. Below the border in the lower left corner is the copyright: [COPYRIGHT 1926 BY WEBSTER PUB. CO.] The workbook is filled in with completed exercises.", "Commencement program for Booker T. Washington High School — A program, black ink on discolored paper, for the commencement of the Booker T. Washington High School class of 1922. The cover of the program has the title, name of the school, location, and year. The interior lists the schedule and commencement exercises. The back of the program lists individuals who participated in the exercises including, William D. Williams to report class statistics.", "Carte-de-visite of a Freedmen's School with students and teachers — A sepia tone carte-de-visite of a Freedmen’s School. Standing closing together in front of a large building composed of logs and wide planks, several children are photographed on a bright day, surrounded by mature skinny trees. This image captures just one of the many Freedman’s Schools established after the Civil War, tasked with educating, clothing, and housing former slaves. On the left of the photograph stands a woman wearing a large dark skirt and jacket. On the right of the photograph stands a man wearing hat, bright shirt, and dark trousers. On the reverse of the carte-de-visite are graphite inscriptions and the photographer’s stamp: [J. D. HEYWOODS / PHOTOGRAPH ROOMS / CRAVEN ST / Sd B??? South P. O / NEW BERNE, N. C.]."], "qid": "T2_education_0dfd00f70821", "question": {"media": "d2f3e0c5d548523b.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"d2f3e0c5d548523b.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "d2f3e0c5d548523b"}
+{"answer": "Contract for the Poro System of Hair Treatment and signed pupil agreement — This is a Poro contract from the office of Annie Pope-Turnbo. On the first page is an undated and unsigned Contract for the Poro System of Hair Treatment and Instruction. Included in the contract are the cost of the course, the proper use of the course instruction, and the subsequent teaching of the course. Along the top of the contract is the letterhead for the office of Annie Pope-Turnbo in large letters that reads \"OFFICE OF/ MRS. ANNIE M. POPE-TURNBO/ NO.3100 PINE STREET, ST. LOUIS, MO. / The \"PORO\" System of Hair Treatment and Instruction.\" On the second page is a Poro College Subsequent pupil agreement signed by Lucille Brown and others. The agreement reiterates the contract conditions. Along the bottom right corner of the agreement are the signatures for Mrs. Grozelia B. Maxwell and Mrs. Lucille Brown, who have signed as pupils for the Poro College instruction. Witnesses to the agreement are in the bottom left corner \"\"PORO\"/ Trade Mark, Registered in U. S. Patent Office, Jan. 5, 1907. Preparation for Treatment of the Hair. / IN TESTIMONY WHEREOF, said instructor and said subsequent pupil have hereunto affixed their/ signatures and seals at Weir and McCool Miss. / this 15th day of March 1915/ Mrs. Grozelia B. Maxwell \"SEAL\"/ Mrs. Lucille Brown \"SEAL\"/ WITNESSES: / Prof. Elder Brown/ Rev. C.[?] H. Maxwell.\"", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "education", "dossier": "edcf31d34344642b", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Football program for Booker T. Washington High School — A football program for a game between Muskogee's Manual Training High versus Tulsa's Booker T. Washington High School on Thanksgiving Day, 1930. The cover of the program is black ink on brown paper and has the game information and a sketch of a football player at center. The interior consists of several pages of black ink on white paper with drawings, the lineups, and fight songs. The back of the program has a history of the scores for the game.", "The Clique, Fisk University Campus — In this black-and-white photograph, eight girls lay on their stomachs in a grassy area, propped up with their elbows, and look to the camera. They wear white blouses. In the background, two buildings and several trees are visible. Inscribed on the bottom of the photograph is \"THE CLIQUE.\" Below the photograph on the mat is a lengthy inscription reading, \"The history of the “two weeks” won’t be forgotten, Nelson. / I only hope that distance and years may not dim / the memory of any of the above but especially not that of / the giver – one who thinks of you and hopes for success to you.\"", "Hat worn by Dr. Isaac Greggs with The Human Jukebox marching band — A hat worn by Dr. Isaac Ben Greggs, the Director of the Southern University - Baton Rouge marching band nicknamed \"The Human Jukebox.\" The military-style peaked cap has a navy crown with an gold embroidered “S” at center front. The sideband and bill are black felt embellished with embroidered gold leaves. Gold cording, knotted twice in front, is attached to the front sideband by looping around two (2) gold buttons, one attached to each side of the cap at the temple. The buttons have a lyre design. There are two (2) small black grommets on either side of the hat, above the felt sideband. In the interior of the cap, there a black plastic sweatband covered with black leather vinyl. There is a plastic support in the interior of the front of the cap. Inside the crown is lined with clear plastic. In the center of the clear plastic lining, there is a rectangular sleeve to hold a card or label. Attached to the clear plastic lining, In between the sleeve and the bill, is a round sticker. The sticker is yellow with a black trim, and has text in black with red accents: [DeMoulin], [618/664-2000], [5], and [Greenville, Illinois 62246]. Printed onto the underside of the cap, in between the sleeve and the back of the cap, is the text: [BAYLY, INC./HOLLYWOOD, FLA.]. Underneath the sweatband at the back of the cap is a manufacturer's label with the text: [Manufactured By: / BAYLY, INC. / Hollywood, Florida / U.S.A. / (L) 7 1/2-7 3/8]. The back of this label contains cleaning instructions.", "Contract for the Poro System of Hair Treatment and signed pupil agreement — This is a Poro contract from the office of Annie Pope-Turnbo. On the first page is an undated and unsigned Contract for the Poro System of Hair Treatment and Instruction. Included in the contract are the cost of the course, the proper use of the course instruction, and the subsequent teaching of the course. Along the top of the contract is the letterhead for the office of Annie Pope-Turnbo in large letters that reads \"OFFICE OF/ MRS. ANNIE M. POPE-TURNBO/ NO.3100 PINE STREET, ST. LOUIS, MO. / The \"PORO\" System of Hair Treatment and Instruction.\" On the second page is a Poro College Subsequent pupil agreement signed by Lucille Brown and others. The agreement reiterates the contract conditions. Along the bottom right corner of the agreement are the signatures for Mrs. Grozelia B. Maxwell and Mrs. Lucille Brown, who have signed as pupils for the Poro College instruction. Witnesses to the agreement are in the bottom left corner \"\"PORO\"/ Trade Mark, Registered in U. S. Patent Office, Jan. 5, 1907. Preparation for Treatment of the Hair. / IN TESTIMONY WHEREOF, said instructor and said subsequent pupil have hereunto affixed their/ signatures and seals at Weir and McCool Miss. / this 15th day of March 1915/ Mrs. Grozelia B. Maxwell \"SEAL\"/ Mrs. Lucille Brown \"SEAL\"/ WITNESSES: / Prof. Elder Brown/ Rev. C.[?] H. Maxwell.\""], "qid": "T2_education_ec7a6e9ab4ea", "question": {"media": "edcf31d34344642b.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"edcf31d34344642b.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "edcf31d34344642b"}
+{"answer": "David I. Stagg's 1875 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — David I. Stagg from New York City received a U.S. patent for an improved folding school desk. Patent no. 167033 was issued on August 24, 1875. This model is made completely of unpolished wood. Most of the wood is dark, but the wood that connects the chair to the hinges is a lighter color. The desk can fold in different ways, making it compact. It is set on a wooden foundation and can be pivoted vertically or folded at the front of the desk, leaving a chair or a bench with no backrest. The innovative arms, pins, and shoulders are used to pivot the desktop. David I. Stagg was born September 6, 1816 in Patterson, New Jersey. For fifty years he served as an apprentice and journeyman in the New York school system. In his last post he served the New York City Board of Education as Superintendent of School Buildings, overseeing school construction from 1872-1886. The museum owns four of his school desk patent models. He died May 11, 1886.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "education", "dossier": "f02d3e91257b7f56", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Frank T. June's 1878 School Desk Connecting Improvement Patent Model — Frank T. June from Chicago, Illinois, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 198922 was issued on January 1, 1878. This model has four thick, large wooden slats held together by a vertical cast iron rod. The patent established a way to join the slats that form seat backs and seat. The vertical standards would feature a groove and dovetailed slats would slide into place. This system offered ease of construction with few tools. Frank T. June joined Aaron J. Hull in running the Novelty Iron Works which produced the supports and metal work for many school desk manufacturers. It later became Sterling School Furniture Company. At one time, Hull also served as President of the Sherwood School Furniture Company. A prolific inventor, Hull moved from desks to pumps in the late 1870s.", "The Good Child's Delight — The Good Child's Delight has no title page acknowledging the book’s author, publisher, or date, but it’s presence in the Copp’s library likely places it at a New England publisher during the late 18th or early 19th century. The book contains various lessons for good children that are accompanied by interesting illustrations. The Copp Collection contains about 150 books of early American imprint and shows a wide range of reading matter typical of a New England Puritan family living in a port town. Literacy was expected of many New Englanders, as Puritan doctrine required everyone to read the Bible. The abundance of multiple Bibles, psalms, hymnodies, sermons, and morality tales reflects the Copp’s religious beliefs. Other highlights of the library include the works of Shakespeare, almanacs, historical and political texts, and travel narratives. The Copp Collection contains a variety of household objects that the Copp family of Connecticut used from around 1700 until the mid-1800s. Part of the Puritan Great Migration from England to Boston, the family eventually made their home in New London County, Connecticut, where their textiles, clothes, utensils, ceramics, books, bibles, and letters provide a vivid picture of daily life. More of the collection from the Division of Home and Community Life can be viewed by searching accession number 28810.", "David I. Stagg's 1875 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — David I. Stagg from New York City received a U.S. patent for an improved folding school desk. Patent no. 167033 was issued on August 24, 1875. This model is made completely of unpolished wood. Most of the wood is dark, but the wood that connects the chair to the hinges is a lighter color. The desk can fold in different ways, making it compact. It is set on a wooden foundation and can be pivoted vertically or folded at the front of the desk, leaving a chair or a bench with no backrest. The innovative arms, pins, and shoulders are used to pivot the desktop. David I. Stagg was born September 6, 1816 in Patterson, New Jersey. For fifty years he served as an apprentice and journeyman in the New York school system. In his last post he served the New York City Board of Education as Superintendent of School Buildings, overseeing school construction from 1872-1886. The museum owns four of his school desk patent models. He died May 11, 1886.", "Morris Lancaster's 1876 School Desk and Seat Hinge Improvement Patent Model — Morris Lancaster from Richmond, Indiana, received a U.S. patent for an improved hinge to work with the school desk lid. Patent no. 181689 was issued on August 29, 1876. This model features a combination of wood and metal. The patent has a new mechanism called a “pawl” or “dog” that acted as a stop concerning the desk lid. This held the lid in position and operated automatically to hold or release it. Morris Lancaster was born in 1842 and became a carpenter in Richmond, Indiana."], "qid": "T2_education_eb44268e889f", "question": {"media": "f02d3e91257b7f56.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"f02d3e91257b7f56.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "f02d3e91257b7f56"}
+{"answer": "Flier announcing the NAACP National Youth Legislative Conference — A printed flier in various fonts announcing the NAACP National Youth Legislative Conference at American University in Washington, DC from February 3rd to 6th, 1955 sponsored by the NAACP. Participants will meet to discuss issues surrounding the challenges of integration and what the role of youth is and how they can approach Congress about their concerns. The flier is printed in black ink on white paper. In a decorative font at the top is [can youth meet.... / THE CHALLENGE OF INTEGRATION?]. At center is a picture of the U.S. Capitol building with [NAACP NATIONAL YOUTH / Legislative Conference] around it. Speakers include President Eisenhower, Adlai Stevenson, and Thurgood Marshall. Towards the bottom of the page is a rectangular section announcing conference attendees can attend a dance to meet Dorothy Dandridge, Pearl Primus and Harry Belefonte. There are no marks or inscriptions on the back.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "education", "dossier": "fac5a71a6fde13e8", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Placard calling for indictment of police officers used at Baltimore Protests — This placard demands indictment for the 6 police officers involved in the death of Freddie Gray and jobs and education for youth. The placard consists of two yellow peices of paper stapled to a white poster board. The text is typed in black letters that read [INDICT / CONVICT / JAIL! / the 6 police / People's Power Assembly / 443-221-3775]. There is a large tear to the right of the word \"police.\" The other side of the placard reads [Jobs & Education / NOT / YOUTH / JAILS! / People's Power Assembly / 443- 221-3775]. The four corners of the placard are held together with clear tape and the wooden handle is partially covered with masking tape.", "The Messenger and Educator Vol. 3 No. 6 — Monthly publication by Kitrell College which includes an obituary for \"Mrs. Sarah J. Kennedy, the last known surviving grand child of Bishop Richard Allen, the founder and the first bishop of the African M. E. Church.\" The publication has black ink on discolored paper and consists of a single sheet folded in half. Subsequent fold down the center has begun to tear the brittle paper.", "Flier announcing the NAACP National Youth Legislative Conference — A printed flier in various fonts announcing the NAACP National Youth Legislative Conference at American University in Washington, DC from February 3rd to 6th, 1955 sponsored by the NAACP. Participants will meet to discuss issues surrounding the challenges of integration and what the role of youth is and how they can approach Congress about their concerns. The flier is printed in black ink on white paper. In a decorative font at the top is [can youth meet.... / THE CHALLENGE OF INTEGRATION?]. At center is a picture of the U.S. Capitol building with [NAACP NATIONAL YOUTH / Legislative Conference] around it. Speakers include President Eisenhower, Adlai Stevenson, and Thurgood Marshall. Towards the bottom of the page is a rectangular section announcing conference attendees can attend a dance to meet Dorothy Dandridge, Pearl Primus and Harry Belefonte. There are no marks or inscriptions on the back.", "Photograph of the Knoxville College glee club — A cabinet card photograph depicting a sepia toned image of the Knoxville College glee club. N the photograph four men are standing behind four seated women. The men are wearing dark colored suits and ties. The women are wearing dark colored dresses with puffed sleeves. Printed vertically in silver ink on the right side of the card is “McCrary & Bronson” and “Knoxville.” The identities of the glee club members are printed on the back of the photograph. They are Anna B. Floyd, Anna G. Kennedy, Mary B. McCravey, Fannie L. Carey, H. M. Green, J. H. Johnson, Jas. W. Fisher and Cato H. Wilson. The back of the photograph is inscribed."], "qid": "T2_education_21ea25120356", "question": {"media": "fac5a71a6fde13e8.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"fac5a71a6fde13e8.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "fac5a71a6fde13e8"}
+{"answer": "Football program for Booker T. Washington High School — A football program for a game between Muskogee's Manual Training High versus Tulsa's Booker T. Washington High School on Thanksgiving Day, 1930. The cover of the program is black ink on brown paper and has the game information and a sketch of a football player at center. The interior consists of several pages of black ink on white paper with drawings, the lineups, and fight songs. The back of the program has a history of the scores for the game.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "education", "dossier": "015b4aa9023564e9", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Cheyney University Class of '64 40th Class Reunion name tag owned by Jim Vance — A name tag from the Cheyney University class of 1964 40th class reunion owned by Jim Vance. The tag is white with blue text. It is in a plastic holder with a metal clasp. Text on the tag reads “CHEYNEY UNIVERSITY / CLASS OF 64’ / 40TH CLASS REUNION / JAMES VANCE.”", "Football program for Booker T. Washington High School — A football program for a game between Muskogee's Manual Training High versus Tulsa's Booker T. Washington High School on Thanksgiving Day, 1930. The cover of the program is black ink on brown paper and has the game information and a sketch of a football player at center. The interior consists of several pages of black ink on white paper with drawings, the lineups, and fight songs. The back of the program has a history of the scores for the game.", "Photograph of Lucius Harper, Jr. \"off to school\" — This black and white oval photograph depicts a little boy in a suit with short pants. The little boy wears a light colored, double breasted suit jacket with dark pinstripes, and matching knee-length pants. He wears a tie, high dark sock, and dark shoes. Holding a dark hat in his left hand and a stack of books wrapped in a strap in his right, he stands with his left hand on his hip, gazing directly at the viewer. The photograph is mounted on a brown cardboard backing, with a raised decorative groove framing the photograph. Above the photograph on the left side are the words \"Off for school\" handwritten in pencil, while underneath on the right side are the words \"Lucius Harper/ Galveston, Tex.\"", "Photograph of Regina Egertion Wright with Colored Training School diploma — A black and white photograph portrait of Regina Egertion Wright holding a rolled and tied diploma. She wears a light-colored dress. This photograph was originally framed with the diploma, 2011.156.15.1"], "qid": "T2_education_98de21ec2e64", "question": {"media": "015b4aa9023564e9.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"015b4aa9023564e9.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "015b4aa9023564e9"}
+{"answer": "George Elsey's 1878 School Desk Juncture Improvement Patent Model — George Elsey from Springfield, Massachusetts, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 203252 was issued on May 7, 1878. This model of a manufacturing improvement for school desks is made out of wood and iron. The wood is joined to the iron by using oblique tendons and transverse angular slots that fit into each other. The design holds the wooden slats firmly so they will not separate, but brace each other. There is a small silver plaque that reads: \"George Elsey Inventor Dec. 1 1877\" but the remainder of the patent model is missing. George Elsey founded the Elsey School Furniture Company and produced settees, lawn and school benches, folding event chairs, and a desk called \"The Model,\" based on this patent..", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "education", "dossier": "bb7483cdee71b68c", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["George Elsey's 1878 School Desk Juncture Improvement Patent Model — George Elsey from Springfield, Massachusetts, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 203252 was issued on May 7, 1878. This model of a manufacturing improvement for school desks is made out of wood and iron. The wood is joined to the iron by using oblique tendons and transverse angular slots that fit into each other. The design holds the wooden slats firmly so they will not separate, but brace each other. There is a small silver plaque that reads: \"George Elsey Inventor Dec. 1 1877\" but the remainder of the patent model is missing. George Elsey founded the Elsey School Furniture Company and produced settees, lawn and school benches, folding event chairs, and a desk called \"The Model,\" based on this patent..", "Joe V. Meigs' 1874 Desk and Seat Patent Model — Joe V. Meigs from Lowell, Massachusetts, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 151898 was issued on June 9, 1874. This model is made of wood and cast iron. The desks are attached at the back and the seats face one another. They are mounted on a wooden platform. The patent stressed comfort and claimed the desk would, “avoid fatigue and distortion of the body.” His model is rather decorative with a diamond design, made up of metal bars that cross each other. The tops are made out of wood or iron but if iron is used he encouraged the metal to be japanned, enameled, or marbleized, adding further decoration. The desk is designed to be very practical, and the whole desk comes apart to be easily transported. There are two black seats curved and connected by cast iron. The two seats are facing one another and placed on a wooden base. Joseph Vincent Meigs was born June 17, 1840, into a prominent family from Nashville, Tennessee. His father was attorney, Whig state senator, and publisher, Return Jonathan Meigs. Joe V. Meigs created his first invention, a railroad coupling, at the age of fourteen. He became a patent lawyer, but his mechanical skills also allowed him to become a prolific inventor. He was granted twenty- two patents for various inventions including the school desk, a reclining chair, and automatic fishing pole. His family supported the Union during the Civil War, and in 1864 he took command as captain of Battery A of the 2nd Black Light Artillery Battalion U.S. Colored Troops. After inventing a breech-loading firearm, he was hired by the U.S. Cartridge Company, where he served as chief inventor. His most ambitious invention was a steam driven elevated monorail called the Meigs Elevated Railway, designed to improve rapid transit. A quarter mile of track was constructed in Cambridge, Massachusetts 1885-1886 to promote his design but construction delays, politics, and his distrust of the use of electricity for new designs impeded his success. He died November 14,1907 in Boston, Massachusetts..", "Elijah Wilson's 1870 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — Elijah Wilson from New Brighton, Pennsylvania, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 110101 was issued on December 13, 1870. This model is made out of wood and cast iron, which is now very rusty. The desk is meant to be compact and adjustable to take up the least amount of space. The seat can fold up and is supported by a chain on the side of the desk. The desk on the back folds in, but the lid does not lift up. Storage is available underneath the desk on a shelf. The iron legs are screwed to a wooden platform. It is also adjustable to fit the needs of children of any height. We are not aware of any additional information about the inventor/patentee.", "Eldridge Haynes's 1877 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — Eldridge Clark Haynes from Kirk's Cross Roads, Indiana, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 186729 was issued on January 30, 1877. This model is made of wood and has metal hinges. It has alternating light and dark slats of wood and the seat folds up. It does not have legs, but rather has two boards for base support. There is a shelf underneath the desk top for storage and a routed crevice for holding pencils. Eldridge Haynes was born on July 10, 1816 in New York. He died on August 25, 1882 in Kirklin, Indiana."], "qid": "T2_education_6a9226803c2a", "question": {"media": "bb7483cdee71b68c.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"bb7483cdee71b68c.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "bb7483cdee71b68c"}
+{"answer": "Henry H. Elberg's 1877 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — Henry H. Elberg from Greenfield, Indiana, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 191846 was issued on June 12, 1877. This model is made of wood and has metal hinges. The seat curves and can be folded up. The desk's backrest is metal and has wooden hinges so that the desk folds down. A cushion of rubber or leather was to be inserted between the leg and the seat bracket to help prevent noise. The front legs flare out from the desk. There is no storage for books. We are not aware of any additional information about the inventor/patentee.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "education", "dossier": "2b73d06834974c7d", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["George H. Grant's 1874 School Seat Patent Model — George H. Grant from Richmond, Indiana, received a U.S. patent for an improved seat. Patent no. 151873 was issued on June 9, 1874. This model is a combination of iron and wood. The improved seat can be used in churches, parks, schools, halls, or lawns. The intent was to make a stronger seat that was cheap, portable, and easily constructed without skilled labor. The backrest and seat are made of dark wooden slats that are pushed together and curved for support. The feet of the chair legs feature holes that can be for mounting to a base. George H. Grant and John Allen formed a partnership to manufacture school desks. After Allen’s death, the firm became George H. Grant & Company. In 1876 Grant formed a partnership with A. W. Hempleman to manufacture school and church furniture.", "Henry H. Elberg's 1877 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — Henry H. Elberg from Greenfield, Indiana, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 191846 was issued on June 12, 1877. This model is made of wood and has metal hinges. The seat curves and can be folded up. The desk's backrest is metal and has wooden hinges so that the desk folds down. A cushion of rubber or leather was to be inserted between the leg and the seat bracket to help prevent noise. The front legs flare out from the desk. There is no storage for books. We are not aware of any additional information about the inventor/patentee.", "1831 World Map by Marianne S. Fernald, Student at Charlestown Female Academy — This hand drawn map, a cartography school assignment, was created Marianne S. Fernald who signed the work M.A.S. Fernald/1831. It depicts the eastern and western hemispheres as perceived at the time. Included are geographic labels, including continents, regions, islands, and bodies of water. The bottom reads, Charlestown, Female Publick School.. Marianne S. Fernald (1816-1871), the daughter of William and Sarah Fernald, would have been a 14 year old student at the time she created this map as a student of the Charlestown Female Seminary. The Charlestown Female Seminary was opened in 1830 at 30 Union Street and founded by 2 Baptist pastors, Dr. William Collier and Dr. Henry Jackson. For the citizens of Charlestown, one of the oldest neighborhoods in Boston, Massachusetts, this was the second school for girls. the first was Mount Benedict Academy, which was an Ursuline convent and finishing school. Both were tragically burned to the ground by a Nativist mob in 1834. By May 9, 1831, the Charlestown Female Seminary was being run by Martha Whiting, one of the pioneers in female education. In her memoirs she states that there were about 40 pupils and 4 teachers; that later increased to 160 students.To prepare young ladies for \"republican motherhood\" or as teachers, they outfited the school with a telescope, a microscope with about 400 objects, and a set of transparent maps. They taught music, drawing, painting, penmanship, projection of maps, bookkeeping, English, American and ancient history, political economy, Latin and of course the scriptures. There were also special lectures of physiology and chemistry and philosophy. While the trustees were all men, Miss Whiting was appointed the first headmistress or Governess when she came from a school in Hingham, Ma She later became Director until her death in 1853. Private female seminaries and academies catering to girls from wealthy and upper middle class families were common in the East and in urban areas of the United States during the first half of the 19th Century.", "Morris Lancaster's 1876 School Desk and Seat Hinge Improvement Patent Model — Morris Lancaster from Richmond, Indiana, received a U.S. patent for an improved hinge to work with the school desk lid. Patent no. 181689 was issued on August 29, 1876. This model features a combination of wood and metal. The patent has a new mechanism called a “pawl” or “dog” that acted as a stop concerning the desk lid. This held the lid in position and operated automatically to hold or release it. Morris Lancaster was born in 1842 and became a carpenter in Richmond, Indiana."], "qid": "T2_education_ff684ee1b2cd", "question": {"media": "2b73d06834974c7d.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"2b73d06834974c7d.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "2b73d06834974c7d"}
+{"answer": "Isaac Whitbeck's 1878 School Desk Patent Model (desktop missing leg support) — Isaac Whitbeck from Potter, New York, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 209533 was issued on October 29, 1878. This is an improvement for a two seat desk. The two desktops fold out from the middle on opposite sides and are painted black and red. The storage area is divided into sections for pens, inkstands, and private papers. On top of the desk is a place for a lamp as well as adjustable reflectors. This model is composed primarily of metal and is in poor condition as it is missing the leg supports and the central desk surface.. We are not aware of any additional information about the inventor/patentee.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "education", "dossier": "8fcbc76526d47921", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Kindergarten Block Set Gift No. 6 by Milton Bradley — Kindergarten as a concept was developed in Germany by Friedrich Froebel (1782-1852), a student of Swiss educator Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi. Froebel’s German kindergartens encouraged children to enjoy natural studies, music, stories, play with manipulative learning toys. He recommended teachers use geometric shapes and crafts for teaching and advocated the use of ‘gifts’ or playthings in the form of geometric shapes to promote learning and occupations or activities. Froebel also incorporated learning through expression, systematized play and social imitation. The first kindergarten opened in Germany in 1837; the first in the US was opened by Margarethe Schurz to a German speaking community in Wisconsin in 1856. In 1860, Elizabeth Peabody opened the first English speaking kindergarten in Boston. Over time, kindergarten was introduced into public schools with the changed purpose of providing an early academic foundation for 5 and 6-year old children preparing for 1st grade. This set of blocks is the sixth “gift” in the series manufactured by the Milton Bradley Company. The blocks are in a square cherry wood box with a removable sliding top and a faded green label on one side. The box contains thirty-six wood blocks of three standard sizes: sixteen long, wide rectangular blocks; six long, thin rectangular blocks; and fourteen short, wide rectangular blocks. Milton Bradley Company was established by Milton Bradley (1836-1911) in 1860. A mechanical draughtsman and patent agent interested in lithography, board games and puzzles, Milton Bradley became interested in the kindergarten movement after he attended a lecture by Elizabeth Peabody in 1869. Elizabeth and her sister Mary, who was by then the widow of educator Horace Mann, were devoted to promoting Froebel’s philosophy of creative play for pre-school children and helped spread of the Kindergarten Movement to America’s cities. These “gift boxes” are examples of school equipment made by Milton Bradley sometime between 1880 to 1900 for use in kindergartens. Milton Bradley produced educational materials free of charge for the kindergartens in his hometown of Springfield, Massachusetts and was committed to developing kindergarten educational materials such as these gifts, colored papers and paints.", "Isaac Newton Peirce's 1866 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — Isaac Newton Peirce from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 53474 was issued on March 27, 1866. This desk has a simple metal support system for both the chair and desk. The legs flare out. The chair is wooden with a metal curved back, but most of the back is exposed so there is only upper back support. The chair is attached to a metal pole that connects from under the seat and extends to the side. The desk sits on a wooden base foundation. We are not aware of any additional information about the inventor/patentee.", "M. L. Holt and L. C. Abbott's 1870 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — M.L. Holt and L.C. Abbott from Eaton, Ohio, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk and seat. Patent no. 99895 was issued on February 15, 1870. The model featured a seat and desk that were both adjustable. M.L. Holt and L.C. Abbott were schoolteachers. Holt served as a school principal and Abbott served on the Board of Education. Besides partnering together to patent the school desk, patent no. 998895, the two men would partner with Sterling D. Tuttle (Eaton, Ohio) and patent another school desk seat, patent no. 80106.", "Isaac Whitbeck's 1878 School Desk Patent Model (desktop missing leg support) — Isaac Whitbeck from Potter, New York, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 209533 was issued on October 29, 1878. This is an improvement for a two seat desk. The two desktops fold out from the middle on opposite sides and are painted black and red. The storage area is divided into sections for pens, inkstands, and private papers. On top of the desk is a place for a lamp as well as adjustable reflectors. This model is composed primarily of metal and is in poor condition as it is missing the leg supports and the central desk surface.. We are not aware of any additional information about the inventor/patentee."], "qid": "T2_education_c1a5d4a044e7", "question": {"media": "8fcbc76526d47921.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"8fcbc76526d47921.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "8fcbc76526d47921"}
+{"answer": "Issac Cook's 1868 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — Isaac Cook from St. Louis, Missouri, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 74993 was issued on March 3, 1868. This patent features a wooden flat bench with no lower back support. The legs are attached to a wooden platform with brass and metal hinges, and the seat folds up. The desk is attached behind the backrest and features a metal-checkered pattern on the sides. There is a shelf underneath the desk top for storage. A plaque on the backrest says \"Isaac Cook, Saint Louis M.O. Adjustable Seat.\" We are not aware of any additional information about the inventor/patentee.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "education", "dossier": "8aa86d7ac40d29a2", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["James S. Rankin's 1879 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — James S. Rankin from Muscoda, Minnesota, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 211521 was issued on January 21, 1879. This model has four seats with a slat of wood for a backrest and sits on a wooden base. The seats connect to each other, side by side, by a piece of wood that also connects to the desk, so two chairs share one desk. This desk model was considered an improvement in school desks because it was a double desk that would separate students like a single desk. The backs are elastic and adjustable. The backrest is made to fit under the shoulder blades and designed so that no hard points or surfaces are touching the spine. This would make the chair more comfortable to sit in. The chair was meant to support the students so they might have an \"erect and natural position.\" It was considered easy to access and allowed easy sweeping of the floors. James S. Rankin was born in 1818. He served as a county and city superintendent of schools in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He was known for the Rankin School Desk, which was popular because it was inexpensive and convenient. These desks were used in Louisville, Kentucky; Chicago, Illinois, and many other city schools. His desk was exhibited in the Mechanic’s Hall at the Indiana State Fair where it was recommended for first premium, a cash award. He died in 1897.", "William N. Foster's 1872 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — William N. Foster from Indianapolis, Indiana, received a U.S. patent for an improved bench. Patent no. 128871 was issued on July 9, 1872. This desk features a seat with five slats of alternating dark and light wood. The metal hinges allow the seat to fold up. The backrest and seat are not joined. There is a storage shelf underneath, but the desktop does not lift up. \"Fosters patent Applied for May 1st\" is painted on the desk. Foster was concerned with all the practical elements of the desk, incorporating a groove for the holding of pens and pencils and providing an inkstand attached to the desk. He also considered the comfort of the students and added a place for them to rest their feet. William N. Foster founded Foster’s Bent Wood School Furniture in Indianapolis.", "Henry G. Sellman's 1871 Improved Frame for School Desk and Seat Patent Model fragment — Henry G. Sellman from North Newburg, Michigan, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 114869 was issued on May 16, 1871. This model features an improved hinge that facilitates a seat that folds up and a desk on the back of the backrest that folds down. The innovation would give more room between desks when necessary. The desk and seat combination was constructed of metal and wood but only the side support featuring the hinge remains. We are not aware of any additional information about the inventor/patentee.", "Issac Cook's 1868 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — Isaac Cook from St. Louis, Missouri, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 74993 was issued on March 3, 1868. This patent features a wooden flat bench with no lower back support. The legs are attached to a wooden platform with brass and metal hinges, and the seat folds up. The desk is attached behind the backrest and features a metal-checkered pattern on the sides. There is a shelf underneath the desk top for storage. A plaque on the backrest says \"Isaac Cook, Saint Louis M.O. Adjustable Seat.\" We are not aware of any additional information about the inventor/patentee."], "qid": "T2_education_53e004e4f4bd", "question": {"media": "8aa86d7ac40d29a2.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"8aa86d7ac40d29a2.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "8aa86d7ac40d29a2"}
+{"answer": "James S. Rankin's 1862 School Desk and Bench Patent Model — James S. Rankin from Madison, Indiana, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 34448 was issued on February 18, 1862. This model features a row of desks and benches held together with a central beam. This design resulted in sufficient support using the least amount of material and simplified the cost and construction of the desk. James S. Rankin was born in 1818. He served as a county and city superintendent of schools in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He was known for the Rankin School Desk, which was popular because it was inexpensive and convenient. These desks were used in Louisville, Kentucky; Chicago, Illinois, and many other city schools. His desk was exhibited in the Mechanic’s Hall at the Indiana State Fair where it was recommended for first premium, a cash award. He died in 1897.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "education", "dossier": "d748dd0065f3c036", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["A. J. Hull's 1870 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — A. J. Hull from Sterling, Illinois, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 99440 was issued on February 1, 1870. This model is made of wood and cast iron. It improves the school desk in its use and combination of washers and projections. \"A.J. Hull- Sterling, Ill\" is painted on the backrest. The seat is closely slatted and folds straight down. The backrest is flat and therefore offers no lower back support. The desk is attached and the lid does not lift up; however, there is storage underneath the desktop. There are metal hinges on the seat. The legs flare out, and it sits on a metal base. Aaron J. Hull was born in 1833. With F.T. June, he ran Novelty Iron Works, which later became Sterling School Furniture Company. A prolific inventor, Hull moved from desks to pumps in the late 1870s.", "Charles Perley's 1859 School and Church Seat Patent Model — Charles Perley from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, received a U.S. patent for an improved school seat. Patent no. 24151 was issued on May 24, 1859. The patent is a combination of wood and metal, with a very wide bench. It is mechanically able to fold up from the bottom seat. There are no curves or slopes that mold to the body and no armrests. They were designed to be used on the perimeter of the room when the rest of the school room, church, or other building is full. The folding seat was important for moving, as well as making the rooms easier to clean. There are two marks: \"C. Perely and Sons/ 114 Columbia St, NY/ 1858,\" inscribed with a stamp on top of the base and on the seat back. The base is incorrrectly stamped with the name mispelled. The patent paper signature clearly spells \"Perley.\" We are not aware of any additional information about the inventor/patentee.", "Isaac Newton Peirce's 1891 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — Isaac Newton Peirce from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, received a U.S. patent for an improved walnut and brass school desk. Patent no. 121543 was issued on December 5, 1871. This desk features a shelf for books. The patent suggested there be a pocket or small shelf in front of the bookshelf for holding pens and pencils. The desk can be raised or lowered. It has a pair of cast brass \"A\" shape pieces which are used to support a writing flap. The bench is smooth with a curved backrest. There are also springs underneath the desktop. We are not aware of any additional information about the inventor/patentee.", "James S. Rankin's 1862 School Desk and Bench Patent Model — James S. Rankin from Madison, Indiana, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 34448 was issued on February 18, 1862. This model features a row of desks and benches held together with a central beam. This design resulted in sufficient support using the least amount of material and simplified the cost and construction of the desk. James S. Rankin was born in 1818. He served as a county and city superintendent of schools in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He was known for the Rankin School Desk, which was popular because it was inexpensive and convenient. These desks were used in Louisville, Kentucky; Chicago, Illinois, and many other city schools. His desk was exhibited in the Mechanic’s Hall at the Indiana State Fair where it was recommended for first premium, a cash award. He died in 1897."], "qid": "T2_education_8460ad6d4a4e", "question": {"media": "d748dd0065f3c036.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"d748dd0065f3c036.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "d748dd0065f3c036"}
+{"answer": "James S. Rankin's 1879 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — James S. Rankin from Muscoda, Minnesota, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 211521 was issued on January 21, 1879. This model has four seats with a slat of wood for a backrest and sits on a wooden base. The seats connect to each other, side by side, by a piece of wood that also connects to the desk, so two chairs share one desk. This desk model was considered an improvement in school desks because it was a double desk that would separate students like a single desk. The backs are elastic and adjustable. The backrest is made to fit under the shoulder blades and designed so that no hard points or surfaces are touching the spine. This would make the chair more comfortable to sit in. The chair was meant to support the students so they might have an \"erect and natural position.\" It was considered easy to access and allowed easy sweeping of the floors. James S. Rankin was born in 1818. He served as a county and city superintendent of schools in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He was known for the Rankin School Desk, which was popular because it was inexpensive and convenient. These desks were used in Louisville, Kentucky; Chicago, Illinois, and many other city schools. His desk was exhibited in the Mechanic’s Hall at the Indiana State Fair where it was recommended for first premium, a cash award. He died in 1897.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "education", "dossier": "a8df30bb70908977", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["James Smith's 1871 School Desks and Seats Patent Model — James Smith from Richmond, Indiana, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 118161 was issued on August 15, 1871. This wood and iron model is a double desk, with four individual seats. The two desk tops and the seats, despite having a bench-like backrest, are individualized and divided so that each seat can fold up. The backrest is composed of ten slats. There are two springs on the back of each desk for extra back support. The desk is attached to the back of the backrest with storage. It has an iron frame and metal hinges. A brass plate on the patent model states: \"School Desks, James Smith, Richmond, Ind.\" Another silver colored plate has \"School Desk James Smith, Richmond, Ind.\" engraved on it. Ezra Smith, Asa Smith, and James Smith owned Ezra Smith & Co., where they manufactured various types of school furniture.", "Red School House Child's Bank — Following patriotic fervor generated by the Centennial celebrations of 1776 and a resurgence in Nativism due to a fear and concerns of loss of white Anglo-American as a reaction to the large influx of foreign immigrants, classrooms began including patriotic symbols and school tools and supplies. This small child size little red schoolhouse bank represents the multiple and often conflicted messages of the white Anglo citizenry toward their new immigrant neighbors. Theodore Roosevelt, who, on January 3, 1919, wrote a speech for the American Defense Society \"… We have room for but one language here and that is the English language, for we intend to see that the crucible turns our people out as Americans, and American nationality, and not as dwellers in a polyglot boarding house.\" (See Jan 7, 1919 edition of The Chicago Daily Tribune). Fifteen years earlier, as president, Roosevelt had come to the defense of Asian immigrants fighting school segregation in California. His comments on English came days before his death, and were championed by many native-born Americans happyfor cheaper labor but not for for the many cultural and language differences that came with immigration. The bank’s inherent message of saving for a bright future is positive. In 1816, Boston Provident became the earliest American savings bank. Savings banks were popular among immigrants and 71 % of Boston Provident’s early depositors were women and children. Early savings banks were charitable institutions, created to assist the poorer working class into developing thrift habits. Charles Loring Brace created a savings bank in 1854 for the boys he was assisting in vocational schools for the Children’s Aide Society in New York. School banking systems developed in the late 1870’s with public schools in New York but by 1885 had spread throughout the country. This bank was clearly meant to be functional as it has as a small slot on one side for coins and is easily opened with a latch on the bottom. The bottom is stamped “controlled by/Jos D. Lowe Co./ Banks and Brokers/131 Tremont St. Boston, Mass./for the price of 25cts. /patented.” Jos. D. Lowe Co. was a relatively new business in Boston, catering to women, according to advertisements in local newspapers of the period, and founded by botanist Josephine Dyer Lowe (1843-1930). Josephine had attended Mount Holyoke College for Women in 1863 and 1864, and married in 1867 a naturalized citizen, British-American Rear Admiral John Lowe, a Civil War veteran and expert in torpedo boats and submarines for the US Navy. She had varied interests and passed her unquenchable curiosity to her two surviving daughters Edith Brinton Lowe (b. 1875) and artist/author/ amateur archaologist Alice Lowe Ferguson (1880-1951). Josephine began attending MIT in 1896, where she studied architecture and engineering according to student records and graduated in 1899. She and her husband settled in Washington, D.C., where she was very active socially, published in botany, and was a member of several botanical societies. Daughter Alice married geologist Henry G. Ferguson in 1914, and made a home at \"Hard Bargain Farm\" in Accokeek, Maryland, which later became part of Piscataway National Park across the river from Mt Vernon. The bank was produced inexpensively from wood, cardboard, and paper. Since the base is stamped with a small price and given value it may have been sold or given to good customers, but more likely it would also have been used as an incentive to be awarded as a premium, which was a common practice at the time. Clearly the bank was created with the Nativist viewpoint in mind and designed for a child’s use. The text printed on the surface on both the back wall and the roof are what make this a wonderful artifact for teaching about Americanization. The back wall is devoted to the patriotic rhetoric and flag legend including that the designer of the “stars and stripes” was George Washington and its maker in 1777 as Mrs. Elizabeth (Betsey) Ross. There is a line at the bottom proclaiming the Town of Dorchester as the site of the first public school on May 30, 1630, a claim by the town that is open to debate. Under the eve of the roof is the Balch flag pledge, which predates the Pledge of Allegiance by several years. It was created by George Thatcher Balch, a Civil War veteran appointed by the New York City mayor to inspect city schools for health issues led to a preoccupation with the teaching of Patriotism within the schools. His pledge involves a salute that looked much like the Hitler youth salute. The words of the pledge are “I give my heart and my hand to my country—one country, one language, one flag.” The last part was adopted and modified as a slogan for the Americanization movement that Balch was so invested in and is what is printed on the bank. The motto proclaims: “On These We Insist: One Nation, One Flag, One Language, One School.” The original 23-word version of the Pledge of Allegiance is also included on one side of the roof in faded, painted letters. It reads: I PLEDGE ALLEGIANCE TO MY FLAG AND TO THE REPUBLIC. FOR WHICH IT STANDS ONE NATION INDIVISIBLE - WITH LIBERTY AND JUSTICE FOR All. The Pledge of Allegiance was created for the Columbus Day 400th anniversary ceremony at the Columbia Exposition and encouraged to be recited in schools throughout the country; it was published in the Youth’s Companion Magazine in September of 1892 a month before the ceremony. The Americanization movement continued until about 1920, but this bank was probably made between October 1892 and 1905. Several flag pledges were used in public schools, in 1905 but a common practice was the combine the 2 most popular pledges- the Balch Pledge and the Pledge of Allegiance. A combined pledge was adopted by the DAR and both presence of both pledges on this small artifact are evidence of the presence of Patriotism and Americanization in the schools of the period.", "Charles H. Presbrey's 1873 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — Charles H. Presbrey from Sterling, Illinoi,s received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 135154 was issued on January 21, 1873. This desk features a hinge designed to minimize the damage done by friction. The wood is an oak color with iron painted black and has a novelty design to it. Dark and light colored wood alternate together. The seat folds up. The seat is curved, and the desk is attached behind the bench. There is a groove for writing utensils and storage under the desk for books. On both sides of the desk is an iron logo that is shaped as a circle. \"COGGER\" is carved on the wooden base, and there is a signature in black ink on top of the seat that says \"Charles H. Presbrey.\" The monogram “A” is impressed in the lower leg support of the desk probably as a manufacturer's mark. The model is attached to a wooden base for stability, but this would not be present in the full sized desk. Disjointed parts are tied together and attached to the model, indicating an earlier repair. Charles Presbrey was born in 1835. In 1885 Presbrey and Edward Thomas founded C.H. Presbrey & Co. taking over the Novelty Manufacturing Company, originally founded in 1869.", "James S. Rankin's 1879 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — James S. Rankin from Muscoda, Minnesota, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 211521 was issued on January 21, 1879. This model has four seats with a slat of wood for a backrest and sits on a wooden base. The seats connect to each other, side by side, by a piece of wood that also connects to the desk, so two chairs share one desk. This desk model was considered an improvement in school desks because it was a double desk that would separate students like a single desk. The backs are elastic and adjustable. The backrest is made to fit under the shoulder blades and designed so that no hard points or surfaces are touching the spine. This would make the chair more comfortable to sit in. The chair was meant to support the students so they might have an \"erect and natural position.\" It was considered easy to access and allowed easy sweeping of the floors. James S. Rankin was born in 1818. He served as a county and city superintendent of schools in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He was known for the Rankin School Desk, which was popular because it was inexpensive and convenient. These desks were used in Louisville, Kentucky; Chicago, Illinois, and many other city schools. His desk was exhibited in the Mechanic’s Hall at the Indiana State Fair where it was recommended for first premium, a cash award. He died in 1897."], "qid": "T2_education_607289eecc61", "question": {"media": "a8df30bb70908977.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"a8df30bb70908977.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "a8df30bb70908977"}
+{"answer": "Joe V. Meigs' 1874 Desk and Seat Patent Model — Joe V. Meigs from Lowell, Massachusetts, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 151898 was issued on June 9, 1874. This model is made of wood and cast iron. The desks are attached at the back and the seats face one another. They are mounted on a wooden platform. The patent stressed comfort and claimed the desk would, “avoid fatigue and distortion of the body.” His model is rather decorative with a diamond design, made up of metal bars that cross each other. The tops are made out of wood or iron but if iron is used he encouraged the metal to be japanned, enameled, or marbleized, adding further decoration. The desk is designed to be very practical, and the whole desk comes apart to be easily transported. There are two black seats curved and connected by cast iron. The two seats are facing one another and placed on a wooden base. Joseph Vincent Meigs was born June 17, 1840, into a prominent family from Nashville, Tennessee. His father was attorney, Whig state senator, and publisher, Return Jonathan Meigs. Joe V. Meigs created his first invention, a railroad coupling, at the age of fourteen. He became a patent lawyer, but his mechanical skills also allowed him to become a prolific inventor. He was granted twenty- two patents for various inventions including the school desk, a reclining chair, and automatic fishing pole. His family supported the Union during the Civil War, and in 1864 he took command as captain of Battery A of the 2nd Black Light Artillery Battalion U.S. Colored Troops. After inventing a breech-loading firearm, he was hired by the U.S. Cartridge Company, where he served as chief inventor. His most ambitious invention was a steam driven elevated monorail called the Meigs Elevated Railway, designed to improve rapid transit. A quarter mile of track was constructed in Cambridge, Massachusetts 1885-1886 to promote his design but construction delays, politics, and his distrust of the use of electricity for new designs impeded his success. He died November 14,1907 in Boston, Massachusetts..", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "education", "dossier": "1a2572227ee06881", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Ulysses S. Grant's U.S. Military Academy Cadet Coatee — This was Ulysses S. Grant's U.S. Military Academy cadet coatee, worn circa 1839. Grant was a member of the class of 1843. Gray wool coatee with a standing collar, an unlined body, and cream colored cotton lining in the sleeves. There are three rows of seven round brass ball-style buttons down the front chest, three buttons on each sleeve, one on each side of the collar, and one on each shoulder. There is a brass ball-style button at the top of each coat tail at the mid-back of the waist, two in the mid-section of the coat tail, and there was originally one button on the bottom of each coat tail. The bottom left coat tail button is currently missing. Each coat tail also has a row of three black embroidered chevrons, point down, with a ball-style button on the end of each point.", "William P. Uhlinger's 1868 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — William P. Uhlinger from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 3297 was issued on December 22, 1868. This desk is attached to the back of the seat, and the desktop does not lift up. There is ironwork on the side of the desk, as well as a shelf underneath the desk for storage. There is also a place for an inkwell. The backrest and seat are flat and have no curves. The metal work is green with metal hinges. William P. Uhlinger joined with George W. Harris to form W. P. Uhlinger in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The company manufactured and sold school furniture and desks.", "Renowned History of Little Goody Twoshoes — The History of Little Goody Twoshoes was published by Isaiah Thomas of Worcester, Massachusetts in 1787. The author of Goody Twoshoes is unknown. It was first published in London by John Newbery. The story of Good Twoshoes described the tale of the orphan, Margery Meanwell, who went through life poor and ragged, with only a single shoe. The evil Lord Gripe evicts her family from his land causing the death of her parents and forcing her brother to go to sea for his livelihood. After this eviction, the Parson’s wife gives her a pair of shoes. Margery goes on to repay the evil of Lord Gripe with goodness, showing the quality of her virtue. She goes on to be a teacher and marries a squire. On her wedding day her brother returns exceptionally wealthy, gives her a large sum, and she is able to live happily ever after. The Copp Collection contains about 150 books of early American imprint and shows a wide range of reading matter typical of a New England Puritan family living in a port town. Literacy was expected of many New Englanders, as Puritan doctrine required everyone to read the Bible. The abundance of multiple Bibles, psalms, hymnodies, sermons, and morality tales reflects the Copp’s religious beliefs. Other highlights of the library include the works of Shakespeare, almanacs, historical and political texts, and travel narratives. The Copp Collection contains a variety of household objects that the Copp family of Connecticut used from around 1700 until the mid-1800s. Part of the Puritan Great Migration from England to Boston, the family eventually made their home in New London County, Connecticut, where their textiles, clothes, utensils, ceramics, books, bibles, and letters provide a vivid picture of daily life. More of the collection from the Division of Home and Community Life can be viewed by searching accession number 28810.", "Joe V. Meigs' 1874 Desk and Seat Patent Model — Joe V. Meigs from Lowell, Massachusetts, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 151898 was issued on June 9, 1874. This model is made of wood and cast iron. The desks are attached at the back and the seats face one another. They are mounted on a wooden platform. The patent stressed comfort and claimed the desk would, “avoid fatigue and distortion of the body.” His model is rather decorative with a diamond design, made up of metal bars that cross each other. The tops are made out of wood or iron but if iron is used he encouraged the metal to be japanned, enameled, or marbleized, adding further decoration. The desk is designed to be very practical, and the whole desk comes apart to be easily transported. There are two black seats curved and connected by cast iron. The two seats are facing one another and placed on a wooden base. Joseph Vincent Meigs was born June 17, 1840, into a prominent family from Nashville, Tennessee. His father was attorney, Whig state senator, and publisher, Return Jonathan Meigs. Joe V. Meigs created his first invention, a railroad coupling, at the age of fourteen. He became a patent lawyer, but his mechanical skills also allowed him to become a prolific inventor. He was granted twenty- two patents for various inventions including the school desk, a reclining chair, and automatic fishing pole. His family supported the Union during the Civil War, and in 1864 he took command as captain of Battery A of the 2nd Black Light Artillery Battalion U.S. Colored Troops. After inventing a breech-loading firearm, he was hired by the U.S. Cartridge Company, where he served as chief inventor. His most ambitious invention was a steam driven elevated monorail called the Meigs Elevated Railway, designed to improve rapid transit. A quarter mile of track was constructed in Cambridge, Massachusetts 1885-1886 to promote his design but construction delays, politics, and his distrust of the use of electricity for new designs impeded his success. He died November 14,1907 in Boston, Massachusetts.."], "qid": "T2_education_2b5b3aaf16a1", "question": {"media": "1a2572227ee06881.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"1a2572227ee06881.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "1a2572227ee06881"}
+{"answer": "Negro Makers of History — This hardback history book by Carter G. Woodson, totals 362 pages and contains the following inscription on the interior: [To Samuel C. Jackson with the best wishes of C.G. Woodson, Dec. 25, 1928]. According to the Preface this book was intended to be an adaptation of Woodson's \"The Negro in Our History\" for elementary school children.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "education", "dossier": "77e5c2e525764e1e", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The Institutes of English Grammar — A book bound in light colored leather. The book has plain covers with a minimally decorated spine. The spine has four (4) lines of gold embossing. Between the two top lines on the spine is a dark rectangle with gold lettering featuring the title: [BROWN'S / GRAMMAR / IMPROVED]. Inside front cover page has extended title, author information, and the publisher listed. [BROWN'S GRAMMAR IMPROVED. / THE / INSTITUTES / OF / ENGLISH GRAMMAR / METHODICALLY ARRANGED; / WITH / FORMS OF PARSING AND CORRECTING, EXAMPLES FOR PASSING, / QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINIATION, / FALSE SYNTAX FOR COR- / RECTION, EXERCISES FOR WRITING, OBSERVATIONS / FOR THE ADVANCED STUDENT, / METHODS OF ANALYSIS, / AND / A KEY TO THE ORAL EXERCISES: / TO WHICH ARE ADDED FOUR APPENDIXES. / DESIGNED FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS, ACADEMIES, AND PRIVATE LEARNERS. / BY GOOLD BROWN, / PRINCIPAL OF AN ENGLISH AND CLASSICAL ACADEMY, NEW YORK. / \"Ne quis igitur tangquam parva fastidiat Grammatices elementa.\" -QUINTILIAN. / A NEW EDITION, / WITH EXERCIES IN ANALYSIS AND PARCING, / BY HENRY KIDDLE, A. M., / ASSISTANT SUPERINTENDENT OF COMMON SCHOOLS, NEW YORK CITY. / NEW YORK: / WILLIAM WOOD & CO., 61 WALKER STREET. / 1867].", "Diploma from The Lelia College — This diploma from The Lelia College reads \"The Lelia College\" in large black ornate letters in a curve across the top. Beneath it reads \"Indianapolis, Indiana/ For teaching Mme. C.J. Walker's Method of Growing Hair.\" For full text please see Notes Text Entries Transcription. The diploma is decorated with scrolling swirls around the college name and a stylized border around the edge. The paper is yellowed and creased and torn along some of the creases. The diploma is surrounded by a white matting and dark brown wooden frame with a glassed front. On the back of the frame is a white sticker with red and black text. It reads \"Enterprising Women: / 250 Years of American Business / National Heritage Museum / BU 3.4-WF Wall Frame No. 3.5.22 / Walker, Madam C. J. (1867-1919) / Lelia College Diploma / A'Lelia Bundles/Walker Family Collection / All venues.\"", "Negro Makers of History — This hardback history book by Carter G. Woodson, totals 362 pages and contains the following inscription on the interior: [To Samuel C. Jackson with the best wishes of C.G. Woodson, Dec. 25, 1928]. According to the Preface this book was intended to be an adaptation of Woodson's \"The Negro in Our History\" for elementary school children.", "Honorary Degree from Wilberforce University awarded to James A. Parsons Jr. — An honorary doctorate degree from Wilberforce University awarded to James Albert Parsons on June 12, 1941. Printed in black ink on off-white paper, the certificate confers the \"honorary degree of Doctor of Science\". It has the seal of Wilberforce University printed in black in the front, lower left corner. It was signed at lower right by Wilberforce University’s President D. Ormande Walker, President of the Board of Trustees Reverdy C. Ransom, and Secretary of the Board of Trustees George H. Valentine. There is an inscription in pencil on the back of the diploma [1/2 BIK / 22507]."], "qid": "T2_education_158779e9f3aa", "question": {"media": "77e5c2e525764e1e.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"77e5c2e525764e1e.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "77e5c2e525764e1e"}
+{"answer": "Photograph of a Guilford County school bus and school children — A black and white photograph of a covered school bus with spoked wheels with [No. 2 / Guilford County Schools], stenciled on the side of the bus. A young girl wearing a white dress is climbing into the back of the bus and other children can be seen through the bus windows. There are two black ink marks on the verso. A stamp in black ink on the back, center, identifies the photographer. A handwritten note on the back in blue ink identifies the subject. A number has been handwritten on the back in black ink.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "education", "dossier": "a350814229b7ebc3", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Untitled — A gelatin silver print of a man in a hat and overalls stoking a boiler with a long tool at the Manual Training and Industrial School for Colored Youth in Bordentown, New Jersey.", "Photographic postcard to Dr. Arthur Melvin Townsend from Emma Azalia Hackley — A black-and-white photographic postcard of the Normal Vocal Institute in Chicago, IL. The photograph captures the building where the institution was housed, with an entrance up the stairs on the left and right side. There is a tree in front of the entrance on the left. Printed at the top of the photograph [NORMAL VOCAL INSTITUTE / 3019 CALUMET AV. CHICAGO]. The back of the postcard is used with [POST CARD] printed in black at the top with two sections horizontally divided, with [CORRESPONDANCE HERE] on the left and [ADDRESS HERE] on the right. Along the left edge is information on the photography studio. The handwritten message was written by Emma Azalia Hackley to Dr. Arthur Melvin Townsend about the school and seeing Mrs. Willa Ann Hadley.", "A stereograph of Howard University in the late 19th century — A stereograph produced by C. W. Woodward, date unknown, of an outdoor scene titled: \"1482. Howard University, Washington City, D.C.\" below the image. The stereograph is rectangular in shape with two identical albumen photographs that are square-shaped attached to a piece of cardboard. Both images feature a stately University building in the background with a large group of African American men and women in the foreground standing or lounging on the lawn. The left edge of the stereograph contains the following textual information inside a decorative banner: \"C.W. Woodward, Rochester, N.Y.\" while the right side contains the following: \"Washington City, D.C.\" inside a decorative banner.", "Photograph of a Guilford County school bus and school children — A black and white photograph of a covered school bus with spoked wheels with [No. 2 / Guilford County Schools], stenciled on the side of the bus. A young girl wearing a white dress is climbing into the back of the bus and other children can be seen through the bus windows. There are two black ink marks on the verso. A stamp in black ink on the back, center, identifies the photographer. A handwritten note on the back in blue ink identifies the subject. A number has been handwritten on the back in black ink."], "qid": "T2_education_594b56dcd90f", "question": {"media": "a350814229b7ebc3.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"a350814229b7ebc3.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "a350814229b7ebc3"}
+{"answer": "Photograph of the construction on Roger Williams University’s Phillips Hall — A black-and-white photograph of Roger Williams University’s Phillips Hall (Girls Dormitory) building from the back. The exterior of the building is most constructed and there are trees flanking the building. On the back of the photograph is a number written in pencil [268].", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "education", "dossier": "a17ede17b4c296e2", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Photograph of the construction on Roger Williams University’s Phillips Hall — A black-and-white photograph of Roger Williams University’s Phillips Hall (Girls Dormitory) building from the back. The exterior of the building is most constructed and there are trees flanking the building. On the back of the photograph is a number written in pencil [268].", "Photograph of Chase County High School (Kansas) baseball team — A black and white team photograph of baseball players from Chase County High School in Kansas. There are three (3) rows of boys. The two (2) boys in the front row center are sitting cross-legged and the two (2) boys on the sides are lying on their sides, with their legs facing out. They have their outer arms resting on their legs and their inner arms are on the floor, propping them up. The front row contains the only African American player. He is second from the proper left side and is holding a baseball in his hands. The other sitting player to his right has a catcher's mask in front of him. There are two baseballs in the shape of an \"X\" on the ground in front of them. The middle row contains five (5) players kneeling on the ground. The player on the far proper right has his hands on his hips, the player in the middle has his hands in front of him, and the player on the far proper left has his arms on his side. The back row contains four (4) people standing. The boy second from the proper right side is also a player on the team. The other three (3) boys are wearing suits. They are wearing neck ties, except for the boy on the proper right side, who is wearing a bow tie. They are standing in front of a backdrop. The backdrop, which has an unidentifiable image on it, is placed in front of a paneled wall. The boy second from the proper left is Oliver Howard Horner. All of the players are wearing the same uniforms. The button down shirts have collars and have sleeves that end around the elbows. The shirts have letters across the chest. A \"C.\" on the proper right side, a \"C.\" in the center, and a \"H.S.\" on the proper left side. The boys are wearing quilted pants with belts and black and white striped baseball socks. Several of the players are also wearing their baseball gloves. Many of the players are wearing white long sleeve shirts under their uniform shirts. The photograph is dry mounted on a black board. The bottom proper right corner of the board is missing. There are several areas where the black part of the board has peeled off. The back of the board is grey. There are no markings on the back. In several areas on the sides and corners the grey has peel off a bit.", "Program from Martin Luther King, Jr.'s funeral at the Ebenezer Baptist Church — A program (2012.39a) and case (2012.39b) for the funeral services for Martin Luther King, Jr. at Ebenezer Baptist Church and Morehouse College on April 9, 1968. The program has sixteen pages. The cover features a half-tone portrait of King.", "Carte-de-visite of a Freedmen's School with students and teachers — A sepia tone carte-de-visite of a Freedmen’s School. Standing closing together in front of a large building composed of logs and wide planks, several children are photographed on a bright day, surrounded by mature skinny trees. This image captures just one of the many Freedman’s Schools established after the Civil War, tasked with educating, clothing, and housing former slaves. On the left of the photograph stands a woman wearing a large dark skirt and jacket. On the right of the photograph stands a man wearing hat, bright shirt, and dark trousers. On the reverse of the carte-de-visite are graphite inscriptions and the photographer’s stamp: [J. D. HEYWOODS / PHOTOGRAPH ROOMS / CRAVEN ST / Sd B??? South P. O / NEW BERNE, N. C.]."], "qid": "T2_education_fb285b3813d8", "question": {"media": "a17ede17b4c296e2.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"a17ede17b4c296e2.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "a17ede17b4c296e2"}
+{"answer": "Photographic postcard to Dr. Arthur Melvin Townsend from Emma Azalia Hackley — A black-and-white photographic postcard of the Normal Vocal Institute in Chicago, IL. The photograph captures the building where the institution was housed, with an entrance up the stairs on the left and right side. There is a tree in front of the entrance on the left. Printed at the top of the photograph [NORMAL VOCAL INSTITUTE / 3019 CALUMET AV. CHICAGO]. The back of the postcard is used with [POST CARD] printed in black at the top with two sections horizontally divided, with [CORRESPONDANCE HERE] on the left and [ADDRESS HERE] on the right. Along the left edge is information on the photography studio. The handwritten message was written by Emma Azalia Hackley to Dr. Arthur Melvin Townsend about the school and seeing Mrs. Willa Ann Hadley.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "education", "dossier": "8a64e733525a89cb", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Photographic postcard to Dr. Arthur Melvin Townsend from Emma Azalia Hackley — A black-and-white photographic postcard of the Normal Vocal Institute in Chicago, IL. The photograph captures the building where the institution was housed, with an entrance up the stairs on the left and right side. There is a tree in front of the entrance on the left. Printed at the top of the photograph [NORMAL VOCAL INSTITUTE / 3019 CALUMET AV. CHICAGO]. The back of the postcard is used with [POST CARD] printed in black at the top with two sections horizontally divided, with [CORRESPONDANCE HERE] on the left and [ADDRESS HERE] on the right. Along the left edge is information on the photography studio. The handwritten message was written by Emma Azalia Hackley to Dr. Arthur Melvin Townsend about the school and seeing Mrs. Willa Ann Hadley.", "Pennant for Wilberforce University football — A university pennant forest green in color with a yellow strip of felt at its base. There is yellow stylized text down the center of the pennant which reads [Wilberforce]; to the left of the text is the stylized image of two football players running over sparse clumps of grass. Attached to the base of the pennant of are two pairs of green felt ties. There is a strong vertical crease on the pennant between the \"I\" and the \"L\" in the line of text.", "First Lessons in Spoken French for Men in Military Service — First Lessons In Spoken French For Men in Military Service is a blue cloth wrapped book. The title and authors are in black print on top of the front cover, [FIRST LESSONS IN SPOKEN FRENCH / FOR MEN IN MILITARY SERVICE / Wilkins, Coleman, and Huse]. At the center is the Coat of Arms of the University of Chicago that is comprised of an open book and a phoenix over a flame. At the bottom is name of the publisher, [THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS]. The back cover is blank. The inner cover has a handwritten inscription in graphite that reads, [Capt. C. N. Caldwell / 1st Miss Leif / Personal. [underlined]] The work begins with a preface that states, [The purpose of this book is to help men in American military service (1) to understand what may be said to them in French; (2) to make themselves understood in French; (3) to understand printed French.] The work is 124 pages.", "Sharp's Language Drills and Test: Fifth Grade — A paperbound fifth grade workbook. Cover has a thin, stylized border with foliage about one half inch from the edges. Within the border is the workbook title and student information. Pre-printed text reads: [SHARP'S / LANGUAGE DRILLS / and TESTS / FIFTH GRADE]. The student information is found within a small rectangle just below center. Pre-printed fields are titled: [Name / School / Grade / Term / Date]. Handwritten in the blanks for the student information is text written in pencil by the student Emery Crawford: [Emery Crawford / Covert Conssoldated (sic) / Five / 1929, 1930 / Nov 27, 1929]. The publishing company is along the bottom within the border: [WEBSTER PUBLISHING COMPANY / ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI]. Below the border in the lower left corner is the copyright: [COPYRIGHT 1926 BY WEBSTER PUB. CO.] The workbook is filled in with completed exercises."], "qid": "T2_education_64eace1edb2c", "question": {"media": "8a64e733525a89cb.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"8a64e733525a89cb.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "8a64e733525a89cb"}
+{"answer": "Pillow sham with Tuskegee Flying School poem — A square-shaped silk pillow sham used by the Tuskegee Flying School. The sham has an applique of American Eagle in red above a poem in blue edged with decorative tasseled edges. The poem beneath the eagle reads: [To my wife, a lovely darling little wife/ has made my dreams come true/ She's lightened all the cares of life/ her name my sweet is YOU. My memories are quite complete-You share in all I do/ My heart's a sanctum that I keep/ Reserved for thoughts of you].", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "education", "dossier": "adb836fe1b117501", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Pillow sham with Tuskegee Flying School poem — A square-shaped silk pillow sham used by the Tuskegee Flying School. The sham has an applique of American Eagle in red above a poem in blue edged with decorative tasseled edges. The poem beneath the eagle reads: [To my wife, a lovely darling little wife/ has made my dreams come true/ She's lightened all the cares of life/ her name my sweet is YOU. My memories are quite complete-You share in all I do/ My heart's a sanctum that I keep/ Reserved for thoughts of you].", "Flyer promoting the Citizenship Education Project — This flyer promotes the voter registration goals of the NCNW's Citizenship Education Project. The slogan at the top of the flier reads, \"A Voteless People Is a Hopeless People.\" The flier is adhered to the top half of page 47 in Frances Albrier's scrapbook (2010.60.1).", "Photograph of the President's Mansion of Roger Williams University — A black-and-white photograph of the construction of the President's Mansion of Roger Williams University. The brick building’s exterior is mostly constructed. There are trees on the left. On the back of the photograph is a number written in pencil [268].", "Program from The Frederick Douglass Memorial Hospital and Training School — A program from The Frederick Douglass Memorial Hospital and Training School fundraising events held from April 22-27, 1909. The program is printed on white paper and held together with a staple in the spine. The front cover is missing. The back cover of the program is plain, off-white, textured paper. The interior pages are glossy white with black text and black and white photographs. The front page of the program is dominated by a large, black and white illustration of the hospital; a four story brick building with eleven (11) sets of double windows. The building is depicted from the corner and one side of the building is also visible, next to grassy area with trees and plants. In the foreground is the street with people milling on the sidewalk. Black text printed in Old English text font reads [Dedication / April 22nd to April 27th, 1909] at the top and [Frederick Douglass / Memorial hospital and Training / School / Lombard and Sixteenth Streets] printed at the bottom with visitor information printed below in a different font. The booklet includes the program of speakers and activities for April 22nd through April 27th. The program has sixteen (16) pages."], "qid": "T2_education_8711901a31e1", "question": {"media": "adb836fe1b117501.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"adb836fe1b117501.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "adb836fe1b117501"}
+{"answer": "Pinback button for York College — A pinback button for York College. The background of the button is white. Large blue text at center reads: [Save York College]. The exterior edge of the button has the manufacture’s information and a union stamp in blue ink. The back of the button has a metal pin without a clasp.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "education", "dossier": "a09b7fd9fde6f7ea", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Untitled — A gelatin silver print of three women learning to be nurses at the Manual Training and Industrial School for Colored Youth in Bordentown, New Jersey.", "Pinback button for York College — A pinback button for York College. The background of the button is white. Large blue text at center reads: [Save York College]. The exterior edge of the button has the manufacture’s information and a union stamp in blue ink. The back of the button has a metal pin without a clasp.", "Soul Force: Official Journal of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference vol. 4 no. 6 — Soul Force newsletter, volume 4, number 6. The newsletter is printed on newsprint paper with black type. The newsletter is folded together but not stapled. The front cover features an image of a graduation procession with the male participants lined up, side-by-side, in pairs. One man at the front of the procession wears a doctoral gown with three bars on the sleeves, a tam with tassel, and a medallion pendant. The rest of men are depicted wearing graduate gowns and mortarboard caps. A few are also wearing hoods and other types of academic regalia. Printed in the top third of the front cover is the masthead on the left that reads, [SOUL / force], and the date on the right that reads, [JUNE / 1971]. The back cover is formatted like a post card, with a a pre-registration form for the 14th Annual Southeastern Christian Leadership (SCLC) event. The newsletter is fifteen (15) pages and includes articles and black-and-white images throughout. Articles include: [Did You / Know?], [Politics ‘72], [Let Them Eat Lead], [The Nixon Court], [BUDAPEST], [Angela Davis], [1972: Power to the Young People], [South Africa], [Drew, / Mississippi], [South, / Summer ‘71], [Plenty Left of SCLC], and [The Government / vs. / The New York Time / (and freedom)]. The article titled \"Drew, Mississippi,\" recounts the murder of Jo Etha Collier, a high school student and track and field athlete, by three white men. Printed on page fifteen is a tentative agenda for the SCLC’s 14th Annual Convention. The first page, located on the interior of front cover, lists the Editorial Board members, editorial staff names, and press names, along with the volume and issue number.", "Carte-de-visite of a Freedmen's School with students and teachers — A sepia tone carte-de-visite of a Freedmen’s School. Standing closing together in front of a large building composed of logs and wide planks, several children are photographed on a bright day, surrounded by mature skinny trees. This image captures just one of the many Freedman’s Schools established after the Civil War, tasked with educating, clothing, and housing former slaves. On the left of the photograph stands a woman wearing a large dark skirt and jacket. On the right of the photograph stands a man wearing hat, bright shirt, and dark trousers. On the reverse of the carte-de-visite are graphite inscriptions and the photographer’s stamp: [J. D. HEYWOODS / PHOTOGRAPH ROOMS / CRAVEN ST / Sd B??? South P. O / NEW BERNE, N. C.]."], "qid": "T2_education_88361261d0d7", "question": {"media": "a09b7fd9fde6f7ea.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"a09b7fd9fde6f7ea.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "a09b7fd9fde6f7ea"}
+{"answer": "Pinback button reading \"Students for Mary Ellen\" — Pinback button from the Georgetown student referendum on semesterly fee to benefit descendants of the 272 enslaved people sold by Georgetown University in 1838. The button is round with gold letters reading [STUDENTS FOR / MARY ELLEN] and white letters reading [#STUDENTSFORTHE272] against a navy background.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "education", "dossier": "aba470c692dc66ea", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Card honoring Philip Goodwin Freelon — Card honoring Philip Goodwin Freelon, School of Design North Carolina State University. The white square card has black printed text in the center which reads [for outstanding work / in architectural design / PHILIP GOODWIN FREELON / SCHOOL OF DESIGN / NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY / presented by / north carolina chapter / american institute of architects / 1975]. The reverse is blank with some central adhesive residue.", "Pinback button reading \"Students for Mary Ellen\" — Pinback button from the Georgetown student referendum on semesterly fee to benefit descendants of the 272 enslaved people sold by Georgetown University in 1838. The button is round with gold letters reading [STUDENTS FOR / MARY ELLEN] and white letters reading [#STUDENTSFORTHE272] against a navy background.", "Flyer promoting the second phase of the NCNW's Citizenship Education Project — This flier announces the three projects associated with the second phase of the NCNW's Citizenship Education Project: \"voters education,\" \"pros & cons of all issues,\" and \"structure of state government.\" The flier is adhered to page 42 in Frances Albrier's scrapbook (2010.60.1).", "Flier for Southern Africa: The Struggle for National Liberation conference — This flier advertises a conference entitled Southern Africa: The Struggle for National Liberation. The flier is white paper with black text. The flier reads: [SOUTHERN AFRICA: The Struggle for National Liberation / A Conference sponsored by / The Yale-New Haven Southern African Solidarity Committee / Yale University / April 9-10, 1976 / Friday, April 9, 7:30p.m. - 9:45p.m., Davies Auditorium (Prospect St. near Grove St.) / Saturday, April 10, 9:00a.m.-6:00p.m., Linsly Chittenden (Old Campus, Chapel & High St.)]. The back of the flier details the schedule of events of the conference and information about the presenters."], "qid": "T2_education_0d9ce75a3109", "question": {"media": "aba470c692dc66ea.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"aba470c692dc66ea.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "aba470c692dc66ea"}
+{"answer": "Renowned History of Little Goody Twoshoes — The History of Little Goody Twoshoes was published by Isaiah Thomas of Worcester, Massachusetts in 1787. The author of Goody Twoshoes is unknown. It was first published in London by John Newbery. The story of Good Twoshoes described the tale of the orphan, Margery Meanwell, who went through life poor and ragged, with only a single shoe. The evil Lord Gripe evicts her family from his land causing the death of her parents and forcing her brother to go to sea for his livelihood. After this eviction, the Parson’s wife gives her a pair of shoes. Margery goes on to repay the evil of Lord Gripe with goodness, showing the quality of her virtue. She goes on to be a teacher and marries a squire. On her wedding day her brother returns exceptionally wealthy, gives her a large sum, and she is able to live happily ever after. The Copp Collection contains about 150 books of early American imprint and shows a wide range of reading matter typical of a New England Puritan family living in a port town. Literacy was expected of many New Englanders, as Puritan doctrine required everyone to read the Bible. The abundance of multiple Bibles, psalms, hymnodies, sermons, and morality tales reflects the Copp’s religious beliefs. Other highlights of the library include the works of Shakespeare, almanacs, historical and political texts, and travel narratives. The Copp Collection contains a variety of household objects that the Copp family of Connecticut used from around 1700 until the mid-1800s. Part of the Puritan Great Migration from England to Boston, the family eventually made their home in New London County, Connecticut, where their textiles, clothes, utensils, ceramics, books, bibles, and letters provide a vivid picture of daily life. More of the collection from the Division of Home and Community Life can be viewed by searching accession number 28810.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "education", "dossier": "a46a5163399ab61d", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Renowned History of Little Goody Twoshoes — The History of Little Goody Twoshoes was published by Isaiah Thomas of Worcester, Massachusetts in 1787. The author of Goody Twoshoes is unknown. It was first published in London by John Newbery. The story of Good Twoshoes described the tale of the orphan, Margery Meanwell, who went through life poor and ragged, with only a single shoe. The evil Lord Gripe evicts her family from his land causing the death of her parents and forcing her brother to go to sea for his livelihood. After this eviction, the Parson’s wife gives her a pair of shoes. Margery goes on to repay the evil of Lord Gripe with goodness, showing the quality of her virtue. She goes on to be a teacher and marries a squire. On her wedding day her brother returns exceptionally wealthy, gives her a large sum, and she is able to live happily ever after. The Copp Collection contains about 150 books of early American imprint and shows a wide range of reading matter typical of a New England Puritan family living in a port town. Literacy was expected of many New Englanders, as Puritan doctrine required everyone to read the Bible. The abundance of multiple Bibles, psalms, hymnodies, sermons, and morality tales reflects the Copp’s religious beliefs. Other highlights of the library include the works of Shakespeare, almanacs, historical and political texts, and travel narratives. The Copp Collection contains a variety of household objects that the Copp family of Connecticut used from around 1700 until the mid-1800s. Part of the Puritan Great Migration from England to Boston, the family eventually made their home in New London County, Connecticut, where their textiles, clothes, utensils, ceramics, books, bibles, and letters provide a vivid picture of daily life. More of the collection from the Division of Home and Community Life can be viewed by searching accession number 28810.", "Ulysses S. Grant's U.S. Military Academy Cadet Coatee — This was Ulysses S. Grant's U.S. Military Academy cadet coatee, worn circa 1839. Grant was a member of the class of 1843. Gray wool coatee with a standing collar, an unlined body, and cream colored cotton lining in the sleeves. There are three rows of seven round brass ball-style buttons down the front chest, three buttons on each sleeve, one on each side of the collar, and one on each shoulder. There is a brass ball-style button at the top of each coat tail at the mid-back of the waist, two in the mid-section of the coat tail, and there was originally one button on the bottom of each coat tail. The bottom left coat tail button is currently missing. Each coat tail also has a row of three black embroidered chevrons, point down, with a ball-style button on the end of each point.", "Thomas Redmayne's 1875 School Desk Patent Model fragment — Thomas Redmayne from Sheffield, York, England, received a British patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 169478 was issued on November 2, 1875. This is a partial model, consisting of a dark wooden rectangular plank with metal screws and two brackets that are connected by three screws, and there is a metal circular piece on each end. The desk was made of dark wood and designed to be adjustable. A wheel mechanism was used for adjusting and altering the angle of the desktop. Lying flat, it formed a table; reclined, it formed a desk, and placed in a vertical position, it served as a seat back. We are not aware of any additional information about the inventor/patentee.", "Theos Weaver's 1864 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — Theos. Weaver from Harrisburg, New Hampshire, received a U.S. patent for an improved school table and seat model. Patent no. 45286 was issued on November 29, 1864. This table is a combination of metal and wood, which is mostly polished. The bottom seat folds up. The backrest has a folding desk attached to the back of the seat. There are gold hinges on the seat along with two metal pieces that flare from two baseboards. The wooden pole connects both bases horizontally, replacing leg support. There is a spring between the hinges on the seat. The desk incorporates a footrest and book holder. We are not aware of any additional information about the inventor/patentee."], "qid": "T2_education_d26f74fc3f10", "question": {"media": "a46a5163399ab61d.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"a46a5163399ab61d.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "a46a5163399ab61d"}
+{"answer": "Robe worn by Mélisande Short-Colomb at Georgetown University convocation — Black academic robe worn by Mélisande Short-Colomb during the 2017 new student convocation at Georgetown University. The robe has a zipper down the front and a tag identifying it as made by Jostens' as part of The Elements Collection. It is size 6 in the Graduate model, 100% Acetate.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "education", "dossier": "667f155b780ab365", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Untitled — A gelatin silver print of a man with white hair, wearing a tie, and attending to horses at the Manual Training and Industrial School for Colored Youth in Bordentown, New Jersey.", "Teaching report for County Supervisor of Rowan, NC filled out by Julia Cowan — A report for the County Supervisor of Rowan County, North Carolina completed by Julia D. Cowan, schoolteacher. The report has black print and handwriting on yellowed paper.", "Robe worn by Mélisande Short-Colomb at Georgetown University convocation — Black academic robe worn by Mélisande Short-Colomb during the 2017 new student convocation at Georgetown University. The robe has a zipper down the front and a tag identifying it as made by Jostens' as part of The Elements Collection. It is size 6 in the Graduate model, 100% Acetate.", "Paper describing events held by the San Francisco NCNW and Junior Council — This typewritten piece of paper describes the \"House to House\" canvas and the \"Telephone Unit\" projects undertaken by the NCNW to get out the vote in the days before the November 6, 1956 election. The page tallies up the 56 activities that occurred as a part of the Citizenship Education Project. The clipping is taped on all four sides to the bottom third of page 31 in Frances Albrier's scrapbook (2010.60.1)."], "qid": "T2_education_e337205b237c", "question": {"media": "667f155b780ab365.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"667f155b780ab365.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "667f155b780ab365"}
+{"answer": "Scrapbook page about the Wiley College Debate Team — An original page from Henrietta Bell Wells scrapbook from her time on the Debate team at Wiley College. The original scrapbook page is a piece of paper with photographs adhered to one side and dried flowers on the other side. The photograph side has six photographs, each captioned in black ink handwriting, on the sides or below the image. There are four black-and-white rectangular portrait photographs and two cut sepia photographs. The other side has two dried flowers with captions in black ink handwriting. The page is heavily torn along all of the edges and corners of page.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "education", "dossier": "7454ff05507ecf5d", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Photograph of a Guilford County school bus and school children — A black and white photograph of a covered school bus with spoked wheels with [No. 2 / Guilford County Schools], stenciled on the side of the bus. A young girl wearing a white dress is climbing into the back of the bus and other children can be seen through the bus windows. There are two black ink marks on the verso. A stamp in black ink on the back, center, identifies the photographer. A handwritten note on the back in blue ink identifies the subject. A number has been handwritten on the back in black ink.", "Letter to Lucille Brown from Annie Malone Pope-Turnbo — This letter is from Mrs. Annie Malone Pope-Turnbo to Mrs. Elder Brown with hair care instructions. The letter, off white with black ink, is typed on \"Poro\" College letterhead. In the upper left and right corners are small rectangles of text. Upper left reads \"Scientific and Sanitary Treat-/ ment of the Scalp and Hair, / effecting a Healthy Scalp and/ thus promoting a growth of/Luxuriant Hair.\" The upper right reads “INSTRUCTIONS TAUGHT/ Manicuring and Electrical/ Scalp Treatment. / Prompt attention to all Orders.\" Between the two rectangles are the words \"Instructions Taught.\" Below these words is the letterhead that reads \"\"PORO\" COLLEGE/ MRS. A. M. POPE-TURNBO/ Proprietress/ 3100 PINE STREET/ ST. LOUIS, MO.\" The letter is hand signed at the bottom right corner.", "Scrapbook page about the Wiley College Debate Team — An original page from Henrietta Bell Wells scrapbook from her time on the Debate team at Wiley College. The original scrapbook page is a piece of paper with photographs adhered to one side and dried flowers on the other side. The photograph side has six photographs, each captioned in black ink handwriting, on the sides or below the image. There are four black-and-white rectangular portrait photographs and two cut sepia photographs. The other side has two dried flowers with captions in black ink handwriting. The page is heavily torn along all of the edges and corners of page.", "Untitled — A gelatin silver print of a man in a hat and overalls stoking a boiler with a long tool at the Manual Training and Industrial School for Colored Youth in Bordentown, New Jersey."], "qid": "T2_education_5aa53723a190", "question": {"media": "7454ff05507ecf5d.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"7454ff05507ecf5d.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "7454ff05507ecf5d"}
+{"answer": "Sign from Hope School — A sign reading \"HOPE SCHOOL\" in relief and composed from rectangular profile pieces of wood that are nailed to a wood board with a square attached frame. All pieces are nailed together, although there might also be glue. The sign is painted white and the letters appear to have been painted black over the white.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "education", "dossier": "ee2ed8f7ae0bd65d", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Sign from Hope School — A sign reading \"HOPE SCHOOL\" in relief and composed from rectangular profile pieces of wood that are nailed to a wood board with a square attached frame. All pieces are nailed together, although there might also be glue. The sign is painted white and the letters appear to have been painted black over the white.", "Pinback button reading \"Students for Mary Ellen\" — Pinback button from the Georgetown student referendum on semesterly fee to benefit descendants of the 272 enslaved people sold by Georgetown University in 1838. The button is round with gold letters reading [STUDENTS FOR / MARY ELLEN] and white letters reading [#STUDENTSFORTHE272] against a navy background.", "Document stating the purpose and objectives of the Citizenship Education Project — A single page document consisting of typewritten black ink on white paper, adhered to the second page of the scrapbook compiled by Frances Albrier (2010.60.1). At the top of the page is the Citizen Education Project's letterhead showing the sponsors, president, and headquarters of the project. A piece of tape on each corner attaches the document to the scrapbook page. The document outlines the purpose, objectives, and organizational structure of the Citizenship Education Project.", "Untitled — A gelatin silver print of a man feeding white chickens from a bucket in a field next to a corn shock at the Manual Training and Industrial School for Colored Youth in Bordentown, New Jersey."], "qid": "T2_education_bf3b0b103916", "question": {"media": "ee2ed8f7ae0bd65d.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"ee2ed8f7ae0bd65d.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "ee2ed8f7ae0bd65d"}
+{"answer": "Teaching report for County Supervisor of Rowan, NC filled out by Julia Cowan — A report for the County Supervisor of Rowan County, North Carolina completed by Julia D. Cowan, schoolteacher. The report has black print and handwriting on yellowed paper.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "education", "dossier": "7e35f83a57e1c4f1", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Portrait of a woman in graduation attire — Black and white portrait of a woman in graduation attire. The woman is standing with the left side of her body facing the camera and is wearing a graduation cap and gown. Her high neck lace blouse is visible above the collar. The words [SCURLOCK / WASH D.] are written in the bottom right corner. There are no inscriptions on the back.", "Teaching report for County Supervisor of Rowan, NC filled out by Julia Cowan — A report for the County Supervisor of Rowan County, North Carolina completed by Julia D. Cowan, schoolteacher. The report has black print and handwriting on yellowed paper.", "Carte-de-visite of P. T. Miller — A fading deep purple-reddish brown carte-de-visite of P. T. Miller by C. Eppert in Terre Haute, Indiana. The bust-length portrait captures Miller slightly posed to the right. He is wearing a suit jacket and two pins, one on his collar and the second on the flap of his jacket. The photograph is on a rectangular mat frame and backing. On the front bottom margin of the photograph appears an illegible inscription. On the back is the sitter’s name handwritten in pencil at the top [P. T. Miller], photographer's botanical-themed logo [C. EPPERT, Photographer, Terre Haute, Ind.]. There are two other inscriptions handwritten in pencil, the first above the logo banner [Gas-illegible] and the second is arithmetic done upside-down.", "Graduation program for the Homer G. Phillips Hospital School of Nursing — A graduation program for the Homer G. Phillips Hospital School of Nursing. The event was held on Friday, September 5, 1947 at Stowe Teachers College in Saint Louis, Missouri. The program is a single sheet of paper that was previously folded in half on a vertical crease. The program is made of white paper with black text. The front page reads: [HOMER G. PHILLIPS HOSPITAL / School of Nursing / GRADUATION EXERCISES / Friday, September 5, 1947 / 8 P. M. / STOWE TEACHERS COLLEGE / 2615 NORTH PENDLETON AVENUE / SAINT LOUIS, MISSOURI]. There is a stylized line forming a border across the top and bottom of the page. A graphic of a knot is located above and below the date and time. There is a printing logo centered at the bottom next to the number [162]. The program is listed on the left inside page. The seventeen (17) graduating students are listed on the right page. Ushers are listed on the back page."], "qid": "T2_education_1d29bf0b3cd9", "question": {"media": "7e35f83a57e1c4f1.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"7e35f83a57e1c4f1.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "7e35f83a57e1c4f1"}
+{"answer": "The Bakke Case and Education — A pamphlet about the Bakke court case. The pamphlet consists of black print on bright yellow paper. On the front, at center, there is an image of protesters carrying signs lamenting the Supreme Court's decision in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke. The interior contains information about the case. The back cover also has a section to sign up to become involved with the National Committee to Overturn the Bakke Decision.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "education", "dossier": "f26a332a06ec356c", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The Bakke Case and Education — A pamphlet about the Bakke court case. The pamphlet consists of black print on bright yellow paper. On the front, at center, there is an image of protesters carrying signs lamenting the Supreme Court's decision in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke. The interior contains information about the case. The back cover also has a section to sign up to become involved with the National Committee to Overturn the Bakke Decision.", "Enrollment Certificate to Poro College for Lucille Brown — This is a certificate of enrollment for Lucille Brown as an agent for Poro products. Also included on the certificate are instructions for treating hair in order to be straightened, instructions for selling Poro products, prices for products and selling suggestions. In the upper left and right corners are black and white images of women shown in profile with long, straight hair. Under the left image are the words \"4 years ago my hair was only a/ finger length, and my temples/ were bald half way up my head.\" Above the image are the words \"Mrs. A.M. Pope-Turnbo.\" Under the right image are the words \"4 years ago my hair just covered/ my shoulders.\" Above the image are the words \"Mrs. L.L. Roberts.\" Between the images are the words \"\"PORO\"/ Hair Growers/ We Grew Our Hair, Now Let/ Us Grow Yours With/ \"PORO\"/ MRS. A. M. POPE-TURNBO/ 3100 PINE STREET/ St. Louis, Mo. March 19 1915/ Mrs. Lucille Brown/ Wier and McCool, Miss.\" The bottom quarter of the page is a price list of Poro products. At the bottom left corner, handwritten in ink, are the words \"Poro Special Hair Grower 40¢ / Poro Letter C[illegible] 75¢.\"", "Trophy awarded to the Texas Southern University Debate Team — The debate trophy has a dark brown plastic base with metal shapes featured as decoration. The top of the trophy features a female statuette with wings holding a wreath above her head with both hands. The base has five staggered levels in varying shapes which taper off to form the podium where the metal figurine stands. There is a metal plaque on the level below the statuette which reads, [BAYLOR FORENSIC/JR WOMEN/ORATORY/'67]. In front of the plaque is a small metal eagle figure. A level below and to the right and left of the eagle are metal stars. The trophy base is hollow, with a manufacturer's mark on the hollow inside. The manufacturer's mark reads, [A. C. REHBERGER CO./TROPHIES/REH/CRAFT/AWARDS/CHICAGO 14, ILL.].", "Diploma from The Lelia College — This diploma from The Lelia College reads \"The Lelia College\" in large black ornate letters in a curve across the top. Beneath it reads \"Indianapolis, Indiana/ For teaching Mme. C.J. Walker's Method of Growing Hair.\" For full text please see Notes Text Entries Transcription. The diploma is decorated with scrolling swirls around the college name and a stylized border around the edge. The paper is yellowed and creased and torn along some of the creases. The diploma is surrounded by a white matting and dark brown wooden frame with a glassed front. On the back of the frame is a white sticker with red and black text. It reads \"Enterprising Women: / 250 Years of American Business / National Heritage Museum / BU 3.4-WF Wall Frame No. 3.5.22 / Walker, Madam C. J. (1867-1919) / Lelia College Diploma / A'Lelia Bundles/Walker Family Collection / All venues.\""], "qid": "T2_education_9118bf13e76c", "question": {"media": "f26a332a06ec356c.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"f26a332a06ec356c.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "f26a332a06ec356c"}
+{"answer": "The Messenger and Educator Vol. 3 No. 6 — Monthly publication by Kitrell College which includes an obituary for \"Mrs. Sarah J. Kennedy, the last known surviving grand child of Bishop Richard Allen, the founder and the first bishop of the African M. E. Church.\" The publication has black ink on discolored paper and consists of a single sheet folded in half. Subsequent fold down the center has begun to tear the brittle paper.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "education", "dossier": "f48cdbae2b9a9a59", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Young Lords Party: Health, Food, Housing, Education — A Young Lords Party poster. The poster has a black background with white text and a graphic of four purple automatic rifles. Across the top center of the poster, white text reads: [Young Lords Party]. Below the text, the four purple automatic rifles are pictured in a vertical stack. The rifles are oriented horizontally and each rifle has text, in white, across the forestock reading [Health] on the top rifle, [Food] on the second, [Housing] on the third, and [Education] on the bottom. The word [Struggle] is featured in gray text on the magazine of each rifle. In the top right corner of the poster is a logo for the Young Lords Party. The logo is a circle with the Puerto Rican flag in the background and an automatic rifle at center. The letters [YLP] are across the bottom of the logo. The back of the poster is blank.", "The Messenger and Educator Vol. 3 No. 6 — Monthly publication by Kitrell College which includes an obituary for \"Mrs. Sarah J. Kennedy, the last known surviving grand child of Bishop Richard Allen, the founder and the first bishop of the African M. E. Church.\" The publication has black ink on discolored paper and consists of a single sheet folded in half. Subsequent fold down the center has begun to tear the brittle paper.", "Honorary Degree from Wilberforce University awarded to James A. Parsons Jr. — An honorary doctorate degree from Wilberforce University awarded to James Albert Parsons on June 12, 1941. Printed in black ink on off-white paper, the certificate confers the \"honorary degree of Doctor of Science\". It has the seal of Wilberforce University printed in black in the front, lower left corner. It was signed at lower right by Wilberforce University’s President D. Ormande Walker, President of the Board of Trustees Reverdy C. Ransom, and Secretary of the Board of Trustees George H. Valentine. There is an inscription in pencil on the back of the diploma [1/2 BIK / 22507].", "Handbook Outlining the Principles of Senior Management — A handbook, black ink on off-white paper, published by the Booker T. Washington class of 1934 outlining the student and faculty leaders, a year-end recap of student activities, and the school's esprit de corps. The back of the handbook is blank."], "qid": "T2_education_190a9cb44c58", "question": {"media": "f48cdbae2b9a9a59.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"f48cdbae2b9a9a59.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "f48cdbae2b9a9a59"}
+{"answer": "Ticket for funeral services for Martin Luther King, Jr. owned by Nina Simone — An admission ticket to satellite funeral services for Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. at Morehouse College. The cream colored ticket is rectangular with black text reading [Admit / Services Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. / MOREHOUSE COLLEGE ONLY / April 9, 1968]. There are no text, marks, or inscriptions on the back of the ticket.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "education", "dossier": "d21741a77be5f7fd", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Pennant for Wilberforce University — A university pennant olive green in color with a strip of gold felt trim at its base. There is gold lettering in calligraphic script down the center of the pennant. The text reads [Wilberforce].The back of the pennant has no lettering. There is a small tear at the bottom PL of the pennant. The second \"r\" is ripping slightly at its center and the pennant is deeply creased down the center of the first \"e.\" The pennant is slightly browned with dirt and age.", "Report describing the activities of the NCNW's Citizenship Education Project — A seven (7) page document consisting of typewritten black ink on mimeograph paper, located between pages 30 and 31 of the scrapbook compiled by Frances Albrier (2010.60.1). The report describes the purpose, objective, and activities of the Citizenship Education Project. The report was written by Charles L. Tuner, Executive Secretary.", "Untitled — A gelatin silver print of six young men riding on a horse-drawn wagon filled with ears of corn at the Manual Training and Industrial School for Colored Youth in Bordentown, New Jersey.", "Ticket for funeral services for Martin Luther King, Jr. owned by Nina Simone — An admission ticket to satellite funeral services for Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. at Morehouse College. The cream colored ticket is rectangular with black text reading [Admit / Services Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. / MOREHOUSE COLLEGE ONLY / April 9, 1968]. There are no text, marks, or inscriptions on the back of the ticket."], "qid": "T2_education_71dcc35de00d", "question": {"media": "d21741a77be5f7fd.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"d21741a77be5f7fd.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "d21741a77be5f7fd"}
+{"answer": "Tintype portrait of Miss Allen — Tintype of Miss Allen shown in bust portrait. She is turned one quarter to her left, but is looking at the camera. Her cheeks are tinted pink. Her hair is parted at the center and gathered in a chignon at the nape of her neck. She wears a light colored blouse with a dark oval brooch pinned at her front neck. A long, dark, single strand beaded necklace is around her neck. The tintype is placed in its original \"Potters Patent\" die-cut paper frame, with an oval cut out to display the image. Around the cut out is a heavily ornate embossed frame. Handwritten in graphite on the mount below the tintype is the text \"Miss Allen Freedmen / teacher / 1865\" The tintype is housed in the album 2017.30. The album page has a triple-lined, gold border framing the print.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "education", "dossier": "290f4a45c4039de1", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Untitled — A black-and-white print of vocational students learning how to cook and bake at the Manual Training and Industrial School for Colored Youth in Bordentown, New Jersey. A prayer is partially visible on the dining room chalkboard to the right of the frame.", "Brick from Virginia-Cleveland Hall at Hampton University — A brick from Virginia-Cleveland Hall at Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute. The brick is rectangular in shape and is tan in color with darker grey areas throughout. The brick is cracked in several places and is pitted.", "Tintype portrait of Miss Allen — Tintype of Miss Allen shown in bust portrait. She is turned one quarter to her left, but is looking at the camera. Her cheeks are tinted pink. Her hair is parted at the center and gathered in a chignon at the nape of her neck. She wears a light colored blouse with a dark oval brooch pinned at her front neck. A long, dark, single strand beaded necklace is around her neck. The tintype is placed in its original \"Potters Patent\" die-cut paper frame, with an oval cut out to display the image. Around the cut out is a heavily ornate embossed frame. Handwritten in graphite on the mount below the tintype is the text \"Miss Allen Freedmen / teacher / 1865\" The tintype is housed in the album 2017.30. The album page has a triple-lined, gold border framing the print.", "Picture postcard of the Roger Williams University President's Mansion — An unsent picture postcard of the Roger Williams University President's Mansion in Nashville, Tennessee. The postcard is in color and captures the red brick, two-story mansion with red roofing. The front entrance has steps to walk up to the door and there are two balconies on the back, one on each story. In the far background, on the right, is a water feature. The mansion has a few saplings around it. There are stains on the front and back. On the front of the postcard, at the bottom, is black text. On the lower left corner is [LAY BROS, PHOTO] and in the center [PRESIDENT’S MANSION / Roger Williams University, Nashville, Tenn.]. The back of the postcards are unused with [PRIVATE POST CARD] printed in black at the top and black spaces under [CORRESPONDENCE] on the left and [ADDRESS] on the right. In the upper right corner is a [STAMP / HERE] stamp."], "qid": "T2_education_46b8cbddd782", "question": {"media": "290f4a45c4039de1.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"290f4a45c4039de1.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "290f4a45c4039de1"}
+{"answer": "Untitled — A black-and-white print of vocational students learning how to cook and bake at the Manual Training and Industrial School for Colored Youth in Bordentown, New Jersey. A prayer is partially visible on the dining room chalkboard to the right of the frame.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "education", "dossier": "8686db1452c3b29a", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["A stereograph of Howard University in the late 19th century — A stereograph produced by C. W. Woodward, date unknown, of an outdoor scene titled: \"1482. Howard University, Washington City, D.C.\" below the image. The stereograph is rectangular in shape with two identical albumen photographs that are square-shaped attached to a piece of cardboard. Both images feature a stately University building in the background with a large group of African American men and women in the foreground standing or lounging on the lawn. The left edge of the stereograph contains the following textual information inside a decorative banner: \"C.W. Woodward, Rochester, N.Y.\" while the right side contains the following: \"Washington City, D.C.\" inside a decorative banner.", "Untitled — A black-and-white print of vocational students learning how to cook and bake at the Manual Training and Industrial School for Colored Youth in Bordentown, New Jersey. A prayer is partially visible on the dining room chalkboard to the right of the frame.", "The Bakke Case and Education — A pamphlet about the Bakke court case. The pamphlet consists of black print on bright yellow paper. On the front, at center, there is an image of protesters carrying signs lamenting the Supreme Court's decision in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke. The interior contains information about the case. The back cover also has a section to sign up to become involved with the National Committee to Overturn the Bakke Decision.", "Press release from Howard University for the premiere of \"The Amen Corner\" — A May 6, 1955 press release from Howard University announcing the upcoming premiere performance of \"The Amen Corner.\" This press release contains a handwritten note by James Baldwin on the back referencing the legacy of \"my father.\""], "qid": "T2_education_602f514caa39", "question": {"media": "8686db1452c3b29a.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"8686db1452c3b29a.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "8686db1452c3b29a"}
+{"answer": "Untitled — A gelatin silver print of a student working a printing press at the Manual Training and Industrial School for Colored Youth in Bordentown, New Jersey.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "education", "dossier": "b235e2b5b70fb8c5", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Photographic postcard to Dr. Arthur Melvin Townsend from Emma Azalia Hackley — A black-and-white photographic postcard of the Normal Vocal Institute in Chicago, IL. The photograph captures the building where the institution was housed, with an entrance up the stairs on the left and right side. There is a tree in front of the entrance on the left. Printed at the top of the photograph [NORMAL VOCAL INSTITUTE / 3019 CALUMET AV. CHICAGO]. The back of the postcard is used with [POST CARD] printed in black at the top with two sections horizontally divided, with [CORRESPONDANCE HERE] on the left and [ADDRESS HERE] on the right. Along the left edge is information on the photography studio. The handwritten message was written by Emma Azalia Hackley to Dr. Arthur Melvin Townsend about the school and seeing Mrs. Willa Ann Hadley.", "Button from The Frederick Douglass Memorial Hospital and Training School — A button from The Frederick Douglass Memorial Hospital and Training School fundraising events held from April 22-27, 1909. The button is oval shaped and is comprised of yellow toned, laminate covered paper on metal. The front of the button is dominated by a large, black and white illustration of the hospital; a four story brick building with eleven (11) sets of double windows. The building is depicted from the corner and one side of the building is also visible, next to grassy area with trees and plants. In the foreground is the street with people milling on the sidewalk. Printed below is black text in varying fonts and sizes that reads, [FREDERICK DOUGLASS, MEMORIAL / HOSPITAL / AND / TRAINING SCHOOL / 1895 ? 1909 / PHILA. PENNA.]. There are flourishes on either side of the word [HOSPITAL]. At the top of the button are two small photographic bust portraits of Frederick Douglass on the left and Dr. Nathan Francis Mossell on the right. The images are framed on either side with laurel wreaths. Below the portraits of both men are illustrated banners with their names, [FREDERICK DOUGLASS] and [DR. NF MOSSELL - FOUNDER], printed in black text. The back of the button is plain with a metal oval shaped disk with four (4) pointed mounting tabs at each corner.", "Untitled — A gelatin silver print of a student working a printing press at the Manual Training and Industrial School for Colored Youth in Bordentown, New Jersey.", "Document describing the organization of the Citizenship Education Project — A single page document consisting of typewritten black ink on white paper, adhered to the third page of the scrapbook compiled by Frances Albrier (2010.60.1). The document describes the actions undertaken to register voters and the results of the campaign in number of voters registered."], "qid": "T2_education_cb7cfe015043", "question": {"media": "b235e2b5b70fb8c5.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"b235e2b5b70fb8c5.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "b235e2b5b70fb8c5"}
+{"answer": "Untitled — A gelatin silver print of male and female students standing and reading in a library at the Manual Training and Industrial School for Colored Youth in Bordentown, New Jersey.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "education", "dossier": "f0b66e6ead9ebb8b", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Teaching report for County Supervisor of Rowan, NC filled out by Julia Cowan — A report for the County Supervisor of Rowan County, North Carolina completed by Julia D. Cowan, schoolteacher. The report has black print and handwriting on yellowed paper.", "Untitled — A gelatin silver print of male and female students standing and reading in a library at the Manual Training and Industrial School for Colored Youth in Bordentown, New Jersey.", "Negative of the President's Mansion of Roger Williams University — A negative of the construction of the President's Mansion of Roger Williams University. The brick building’s exterior is mostly constructed. There are trees on the left. On the back of the photograph is a number written in pencil [268].", "Outfit worn by Carlotta Walls to Little Rock Central High School — This outfit was worn by Carlotta Walls LaNier during the \"Little Rock Crisis\" of 1957 at Little Rock Central High School. The outfit consists of a skirt and blouse in a matching alphabetical print of blue, teal, and white on a black background. The blouse fastens with small black buttons, has a pointed collar and short sleeves that tie into bows at the cuffs. The skirt is full and has several pleats at the waist."], "qid": "T2_education_30e5dfb46923", "question": {"media": "f0b66e6ead9ebb8b.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"f0b66e6ead9ebb8b.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "f0b66e6ead9ebb8b"}
+{"answer": "Wendell Hood's 1871 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — Wendell Phillips Hood from Winona, Minnesota, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 121287 was issued on November 28, 1871. This school desk securely held writing slates in place, preventing breakage. The desk and seat easily fold up to leave space for students and also leave room for cleaning purposes. A spring bolt allows the desk to lock when folded. The desk has close slats and a wooden backrest. The legs and feet are made out of metal and mounted to a wooden platform. There is an ink well secured to the desk. The desktop does not lift up or fold, and there is no storage. A silver plate on the desk reads: \"Folding School Seat and Desk Wendell P. Hood, Winona Minn.\" We are not aware of any additional information about the inventor/patentee.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "education", "dossier": "8d4911b563aedb85", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Wendell Hood's 1871 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — Wendell Phillips Hood from Winona, Minnesota, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 121287 was issued on November 28, 1871. This school desk securely held writing slates in place, preventing breakage. The desk and seat easily fold up to leave space for students and also leave room for cleaning purposes. A spring bolt allows the desk to lock when folded. The desk has close slats and a wooden backrest. The legs and feet are made out of metal and mounted to a wooden platform. There is an ink well secured to the desk. The desktop does not lift up or fold, and there is no storage. A silver plate on the desk reads: \"Folding School Seat and Desk Wendell P. Hood, Winona Minn.\" We are not aware of any additional information about the inventor/patentee.", "M. L. Holt and L. C. Abbott's 1870 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — M.L. Holt and L.C. Abbott from Eaton, Ohio, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk and seat. Patent no. 99895 was issued on February 15, 1870. The model featured a seat and desk that were both adjustable. M.L. Holt and L.C. Abbott were schoolteachers. Holt served as a school principal and Abbott served on the Board of Education. Besides partnering together to patent the school desk, patent no. 998895, the two men would partner with Sterling D. Tuttle (Eaton, Ohio) and patent another school desk seat, patent no. 80106.", "John Glendenning's 1880 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — John Glendenning from Norwich, England, received a British patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 224171 was issued on February 3, 1880. This model is made of wood and metal and is painted a bluish gray color. His patent connects the desk and chair together at the bottom by a metal pole base. The desk is welded in front of the chair. The chair curves, gives back and seat support, and is narrow to fit only one person. The desktop can be lifted or folded. It had a metal monobloc desk stem and chair stem that connect on the ground. The seat is curved; however there is no lower back support. A metal rod connects the seat and rest. The desk faces the chair and has two boards that fold to create a longer desktop at the decline. There is a crevice for pencils and inkwell. We are not aware of any additional information about the inventor/patentee.", "James S. Rankin's 1879 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — James S. Rankin from Muscoda, Minnesota, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 211521 was issued on January 21, 1879. This model has four seats with a slat of wood for a backrest and sits on a wooden base. The seats connect to each other, side by side, by a piece of wood that also connects to the desk, so two chairs share one desk. This desk model was considered an improvement in school desks because it was a double desk that would separate students like a single desk. The backs are elastic and adjustable. The backrest is made to fit under the shoulder blades and designed so that no hard points or surfaces are touching the spine. This would make the chair more comfortable to sit in. The chair was meant to support the students so they might have an \"erect and natural position.\" It was considered easy to access and allowed easy sweeping of the floors. James S. Rankin was born in 1818. He served as a county and city superintendent of schools in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He was known for the Rankin School Desk, which was popular because it was inexpensive and convenient. These desks were used in Louisville, Kentucky; Chicago, Illinois, and many other city schools. His desk was exhibited in the Mechanic’s Hall at the Indiana State Fair where it was recommended for first premium, a cash award. He died in 1897."], "qid": "T2_education_a550721a7def", "question": {"media": "8d4911b563aedb85.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"8d4911b563aedb85.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "8d4911b563aedb85"}
+{"answer": "William N. Foster's 1872 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — William N. Foster from Indianapolis, Indiana, received a U.S. patent for an improved bench. Patent no. 128871 was issued on July 9, 1872. This desk features a seat with five slats of alternating dark and light wood. The metal hinges allow the seat to fold up. The backrest and seat are not joined. There is a storage shelf underneath, but the desktop does not lift up. \"Fosters patent Applied for May 1st\" is painted on the desk. Foster was concerned with all the practical elements of the desk, incorporating a groove for the holding of pens and pencils and providing an inkstand attached to the desk. He also considered the comfort of the students and added a place for them to rest their feet. William N. Foster founded Foster’s Bent Wood School Furniture in Indianapolis.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "education", "dossier": "829e7df4ef2dfa8a", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["William N. Foster's 1872 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — William N. Foster from Indianapolis, Indiana, received a U.S. patent for an improved bench. Patent no. 128871 was issued on July 9, 1872. This desk features a seat with five slats of alternating dark and light wood. The metal hinges allow the seat to fold up. The backrest and seat are not joined. There is a storage shelf underneath, but the desktop does not lift up. \"Fosters patent Applied for May 1st\" is painted on the desk. Foster was concerned with all the practical elements of the desk, incorporating a groove for the holding of pens and pencils and providing an inkstand attached to the desk. He also considered the comfort of the students and added a place for them to rest their feet. William N. Foster founded Foster’s Bent Wood School Furniture in Indianapolis.", "Catalina Juliana Mason's Map Sampler; 1837-1847 — Map of New York State. Most counties and county seats named; rivers shown but not named; names of neighboring states given (Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Pennsylvania); Erie Canal shown, but not named. Light gray guidelines under all embroidery; water damage prior to arrival at Smithsonian. Silk thread on wool ground. STITCHES: cross, crosslet, four-sided, Algerian eye, back, chain. THREAD COUNT: warp 44, weft 46/in. Inscription: \"MAPof theSTATEofNEW YORK\" Background: Catalina Juliana was born on June 19, 1823, to Sidney and Maria Benito Dorado Mason, in St. Johns (San Juan), Puerto Rico. Catalina's father was American consul in St. Johns from 1829 to 1835. Desiring to educate his children in his native land, Mr. Mason brought his family to the United States in one of his own sailing vessels. After arrival in Baltimore, they were taken to Gloucester, Massachusetts. His wife soon succumbed to the rigors of the climate and died on September 14, 1835. On the death of his wife, Mr. Mason gave up all business interests and set forth on an extended tour of Europe. Before departing, he traveled to Puerto Rico one more time and took Catalina with him. When they returned, he placed Catalina at Miss Emma Willard's boarding school for girls in Troy, New York. Recalled from Europe by the death of his son on Dec 25, 1839, he took up residence in New York, and Catalina finished her school days with the Misses McClennachan. It is not known where she stitched her map sampler. She married Theodorus Bailey Myers in 1847, and they had two children, Theodorus Bailey and Cassie Mason. Catalina and her husband made many trips to Europe, and she is known to have paid a visit to the famous dressmaker, Worth. Her niece admired her hands, saying \"They were not ornamental only, for they could sew and embroider beautifully, and do all sorts of fine worsted work.\" Catalina died on August 27, 1905. See Catalina Mason's other sampler.", "Charles Perley's 1859 School and Church Seat Patent Model — Charles Perley from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, received a U.S. patent for an improved school seat. Patent no. 24151 was issued on May 24, 1859. The patent is a combination of wood and metal, with a very wide bench. It is mechanically able to fold up from the bottom seat. There are no curves or slopes that mold to the body and no armrests. They were designed to be used on the perimeter of the room when the rest of the school room, church, or other building is full. The folding seat was important for moving, as well as making the rooms easier to clean. There are two marks: \"C. Perely and Sons/ 114 Columbia St, NY/ 1858,\" inscribed with a stamp on top of the base and on the seat back. The base is incorrrectly stamped with the name mispelled. The patent paper signature clearly spells \"Perley.\" We are not aware of any additional information about the inventor/patentee.", "1831 World Map by Marianne S. Fernald, Student at Charlestown Female Academy — This hand drawn map, a cartography school assignment, was created Marianne S. Fernald who signed the work M.A.S. Fernald/1831. It depicts the eastern and western hemispheres as perceived at the time. Included are geographic labels, including continents, regions, islands, and bodies of water. The bottom reads, Charlestown, Female Publick School.. Marianne S. Fernald (1816-1871), the daughter of William and Sarah Fernald, would have been a 14 year old student at the time she created this map as a student of the Charlestown Female Seminary. The Charlestown Female Seminary was opened in 1830 at 30 Union Street and founded by 2 Baptist pastors, Dr. William Collier and Dr. Henry Jackson. For the citizens of Charlestown, one of the oldest neighborhoods in Boston, Massachusetts, this was the second school for girls. the first was Mount Benedict Academy, which was an Ursuline convent and finishing school. Both were tragically burned to the ground by a Nativist mob in 1834. By May 9, 1831, the Charlestown Female Seminary was being run by Martha Whiting, one of the pioneers in female education. In her memoirs she states that there were about 40 pupils and 4 teachers; that later increased to 160 students.To prepare young ladies for \"republican motherhood\" or as teachers, they outfited the school with a telescope, a microscope with about 400 objects, and a set of transparent maps. They taught music, drawing, painting, penmanship, projection of maps, bookkeeping, English, American and ancient history, political economy, Latin and of course the scriptures. There were also special lectures of physiology and chemistry and philosophy. While the trustees were all men, Miss Whiting was appointed the first headmistress or Governess when she came from a school in Hingham, Ma She later became Director until her death in 1853. Private female seminaries and academies catering to girls from wealthy and upper middle class families were common in the East and in urban areas of the United States during the first half of the 19th Century."], "qid": "T2_education_1925753ea523", "question": {"media": "829e7df4ef2dfa8a.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"829e7df4ef2dfa8a.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "829e7df4ef2dfa8a"}
+{"answer": "William Wooten's 1869 School Desk and Seat Patent Model of School Desk and Seat — William Wooton from Richmond, Indiana, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 87386 was issued on March 2, 1869. This patent was an improvement on Patent No. 83896. By improving the brace and the mechanism for locking, Wooton designed a way to fold the seat and desk together noiselessly. The desktop folds up completely to form an additional backrest. The mechanism for locking the desk is claimed in the patent by Wooton as well. The model is made of polished dark wood and has metal hinges. There is an indent for placing pencils, and underneath the desk there is storage. William Wooton was born in 1835. He joined George H. Grant & Company after John P. Allen died in 1868. In 1870, Wooton formed the Wooton Desk Company after he won a five-dollar prize for a school desk at the Indiana State Fair in 1868. His best known invention was patent 155604, the Wooton’s Patent Cabinet Office Secretary. In 1884, he retired and became a preacher. He was known for introducing a revolutionary type of furniture into the business world during the Industrial Revolution. Most museums have \"The Desk of the Age” in their collection. A 94-page book, published in 1983, by the Indiana State and Oakland Museums, is devoted solely to the history of the Wooton Desk Company and the evolution of the 19th century office. William Wooton died in 1907 at the age of 72. His last name is often spelled Wooten however the patent specifications clearly spell his last name Wooton as does the advertising for the company.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "education", "dossier": "cf7dc35f14cbbe5b", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Milan C. Stebbin and Edwin J. Piper's 1873 School Desk Patent Model — Milan C. Stebbins and Edwin J. Piper from Springfield, Massachusetts, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 137732 was issued on April 8, 1873. This model features a wooden slatted seat that is secured onto a pedestal. The combination of slats, hinges, flanges, and processions is new. The backrest is curved and connects to the seat, which gives lower back support. The ends of the slats are connected to a metal frame that outlines the entire seat. The stem is screwed into a wooden base. The seat is not adjustable and does not fold. Milan Cyrus Stebbins was born in Granby, Massachusetts, in 1828. He was a teacher, school principal and pastor. He died in 1889 in Cornwall, Vermont. Edwin J. Piper was born in 1849. In addition to being a co--inventor of this desk, Piper was an inventor and the manufacturer of the Springfield ruling machine. He died in 1933 at his home in Springfield, Massachusetts.", "Hamilton S. McRae's 1867 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — Hamilton S. McRae from Muncie, Indiana, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 72662 was issued on December 24, 1867. This desk has a convenient and easily operated book holder. The innovative book holder sits within the desktop with a lid on top. The lid could be lifted up to allow access to the book. There is a curved seat for support and comfort. The backrest is a flat front face with three vertical slats of wood. The back legs on the desk flare out. Hamilton S. McRae was born on January 2, 1833 in Indiana. He served as a teacher, principal, and superintendent of schools. An advocate of educational reform, McRae espoused free kindergarten and free public libraries.", "A Striking Likeness — Colored print. Schoolroom scene with four boys engaged in various activites: two drawing caricature of their teacher upon a blackboard, a third watching the fourth thumb his nose at the drawing. The school master is entering the room on the right, switch in hand and wearing small round glasses. Long table and map on wall in background.", "William Wooten's 1869 School Desk and Seat Patent Model of School Desk and Seat — William Wooton from Richmond, Indiana, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 87386 was issued on March 2, 1869. This patent was an improvement on Patent No. 83896. By improving the brace and the mechanism for locking, Wooton designed a way to fold the seat and desk together noiselessly. The desktop folds up completely to form an additional backrest. The mechanism for locking the desk is claimed in the patent by Wooton as well. The model is made of polished dark wood and has metal hinges. There is an indent for placing pencils, and underneath the desk there is storage. William Wooton was born in 1835. He joined George H. Grant & Company after John P. Allen died in 1868. In 1870, Wooton formed the Wooton Desk Company after he won a five-dollar prize for a school desk at the Indiana State Fair in 1868. His best known invention was patent 155604, the Wooton’s Patent Cabinet Office Secretary. In 1884, he retired and became a preacher. He was known for introducing a revolutionary type of furniture into the business world during the Industrial Revolution. Most museums have \"The Desk of the Age” in their collection. A 94-page book, published in 1983, by the Indiana State and Oakland Museums, is devoted solely to the history of the Wooton Desk Company and the evolution of the 19th century office. William Wooton died in 1907 at the age of 72. His last name is often spelled Wooten however the patent specifications clearly spell his last name Wooton as does the advertising for the company."], "qid": "T2_education_607bfa4b2574", "question": {"media": "cf7dc35f14cbbe5b.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"cf7dc35f14cbbe5b.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "cf7dc35f14cbbe5b"}
diff --git a/release/gold/T2/finance.jsonl b/release/gold/T2/finance.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..314d69621f2655db4bf1545e2a75ed77557db7f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/gold/T2/finance.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{"answer": "$10 Series 1882BB National Bank Note, The First National Bank of Honolulu at Hawaii (Charter #5550). Clipped signature of Cecil Brown, bank president.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "7c4a18424089d298", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["British India, Two mohurs (also Double Mohur) (1835), depicting King William IV.", "Allied Military Currency-2 Francs (1944) From the first of two issues of Allied Military Currency, the First Issue Supplemental French Franc was printed in eight denominations. The 2, 5 and 10 Franc notes are square while the 50, 100, 500, 1,000, and 5,000 France notes are rectangular. The reverse design is similar for the entire issue. The present example is a specimen note (SN 00000000).", "$10 Series 1882BB National Bank Note, The First National Bank of Honolulu at Hawaii (Charter #5550). Clipped signature of Cecil Brown, bank president.", "American Bank Note Company for the Banco do Brasil, 5 Mil Reis (1923)"], "qid": "T2_finance_5fc741c05ea2", "question": {"media": "7c4a18424089d298.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"7c4a18424089d298.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "7c4a18424089d298"}
+{"answer": "$50 Federal Reserve Bank Note (1918) depicting Ulysses S. Grant.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "00685792143510fa", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Bureau of Engraving and Printing proof of a $1,000 Gold certificate, Series of 1882 (Fr. Ref#1166o), depicting Alexander Hamilton. Engraved signatures of Allison (Register of the Treasury) and New (Treasurer of the United States).", "1942 One Cent Pattern, Judd-2063 (obv) (1117-1830)", "1887-5C-Liberty Nickel (cents), Copper-Nickel, 21.2mm, 5.0g, designed by Charles E. Barber JN2015-6584-85", "$50 Federal Reserve Bank Note (1918) depicting Ulysses S. Grant."], "qid": "T2_finance_60fac4908ba9", "question": {"media": "00685792143510fa.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"00685792143510fa.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "00685792143510fa"}
+{"answer": "1819 Quarter Dollar, Capped Bust, Reverse", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "9dd89feed53817f0", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["1819 Quarter Dollar, Capped Bust, Reverse", "Processed Taconite pellets as used in the steelmaking industry, with a US Quarter shown to scale.", "The reverse of the the final incarnation of the ring cent, struck in silver in 1885.", "An 1800 half cent, Draped Bust design (reverse)."], "qid": "T2_finance_9a1e6a347880", "question": {"media": "9dd89feed53817f0.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"9dd89feed53817f0.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "9dd89feed53817f0"}
+{"answer": "1848 CAL Liberty Head quarter eagle reverse (transparent background)", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "0d6c3052d51f3fa0", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["1793-1C-Flowing Hair Cent (wreath) JN2015-5395-96", "2020 Native American dollar reverse (line art)", "1848 CAL Liberty Head quarter eagle reverse (transparent background)", "1935 Texas Centennial half dollar reverse"], "qid": "T2_finance_3ae28ec789f9", "question": {"media": "0d6c3052d51f3fa0.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"0d6c3052d51f3fa0.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "0d6c3052d51f3fa0"}
+{"answer": "1936 50C Cincinnati Musical Center half dollar (445-10230)", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "b18feaa591756e43", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["$20 Federal Reserve Bank Note (1915) depicting Grover Cleveland.", "One Deutsche Mark (1948), post WWII Allied occupied Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany). Circulated by the United States Army Command, this was the first of three 1948 issues of West German currency.", "1936 50C Cincinnati Musical Center half dollar (445-10230)", "Allied Military Currency-2 Francs (1944) From the first of two issues of Allied Military Currency, the First Issue Supplemental French Franc was printed in eight denominations. The 2, 5 and 10 Franc notes are square while the 50, 100, 500, 1,000, and 5,000 France notes are rectangular. The reverse design is similar for the entire issue. The present example is a specimen note (SN 00000000)."], "qid": "T2_finance_46969163e601", "question": {"media": "b18feaa591756e43.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"b18feaa591756e43.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "b18feaa591756e43"}
+{"answer": "2020 Native American dollar reverse (line art)", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "f073e492854fb4bf", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["1793-1C-Flowing Hair Cent (wreath) JN2015-5395-96", "1848 CAL Liberty Head quarter eagle reverse (transparent background)", "2020 Native American dollar reverse (line art)", "Continental Currency $7 banknote reverse (February 17, 1776)"], "qid": "T2_finance_43dc8d07da88", "question": {"media": "f073e492854fb4bf.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"f073e492854fb4bf.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "f073e492854fb4bf"}
+{"answer": "A 3' (90cm) plastic en:Sjambok, similar to the type used by South African police. Also shown is an American $1 bill for scale. I, en:User:OwenX, photographed this on 30 December 2005 in en:Mississauga, Ontario, en:Canada using a Fujifilm FinePix F440 digital camera.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "5c5e2eb9a82238f8", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The LaSalle Street facade of the Federal Reserve Bank Building at 165 West Quincy Street in Chicago, Illinois.", "A 3' (90cm) plastic en:Sjambok, similar to the type used by South African police. Also shown is an American $1 bill for scale. I, en:User:OwenX, photographed this on 30 December 2005 in en:Mississauga, Ontario, en:Canada using a Fujifilm FinePix F440 digital camera.", "A roll of 25 U.S. dollar coins, featuring the fourth president of the United States, James Madison.", "Obverse of a 1936 Bridgeport, Connecticut commemorative half dollar, featuring P.T. Barnum."], "qid": "T2_finance_563af31f2434", "question": {"media": "5c5e2eb9a82238f8.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"5c5e2eb9a82238f8.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "5c5e2eb9a82238f8"}
+{"answer": "A banknote issued by the treasurer of the Republic of Texas produced between the years 1839 to 1841.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "0b451d2562dc5091", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["A banknote issued by the treasurer of the Republic of Texas produced between the years 1839 to 1841.", "A national banknote issued by the government of Texas during the Republic of Texas era.", "A colonial banknote from what is now the United States of America.", "A military payment certificate issued for personnel of the military of the United States of America stationed in South Vietnam during their \"peace keeping mission\" (war) in the country. Issued: October 7, 1970; Withdrawn: March 15, 1973 (fractional denominations - June 1, 1971). Face: denomination; SERIES 692; Text: MILITARY PAYMENT CERTIFICATE; FOR USE ONLY IN UNITED STATES MILITARY ESTABLISHMENTS - BY UNITED STATES AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL IN ACCORDANCE WITH APPLICABLE RULES AND REGULATIONS Back: denomination; Text: MILITARY PAYMENT CERTIFICATE P-M83 Schwan-931 5 Cents, series 692 Face: James Earle Fraser's \"The Guardian\" sculpture (mirror image); Back: eagle P-M84 Schwan-932 10 Cents, series 692 Face/Back: as above P-M85 Schwan-933 25 Cents, series 692 Face/Back: as above P-M86 Schwan-934 50 Cents, series 692 Face/Back: as above P-M87 Schwan-935 1 Dollar, series 692 Face: woman's head; Back: bison."], "qid": "T2_finance_4ef85e54d10c", "question": {"media": "0b451d2562dc5091.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"0b451d2562dc5091.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "0b451d2562dc5091"}
+{"answer": "A coin placed by Secretary of Defense Ashton B. Carter sits on a headstone in Section 60 of Arlington National Cemetery, Jan. 19, 2017, in Arlington, Va. Carter also placed a challenge coin on each of the headstones they visited.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "dac60e848be6447f", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["USA FISHERIES and AGRICULTURE 1855 ---ONE CENT TOKEN a", "A coin placed by Secretary of Defense Ashton B. Carter sits on a headstone in Section 60 of Arlington National Cemetery, Jan. 19, 2017, in Arlington, Va. Carter also placed a challenge coin on each of the headstones they visited.", "1902 - Ten Dollar Bill Allentown National Bank Allentown PA", "Copy of US Standard Oil trust certificate from 1896."], "qid": "T2_finance_1f57cb3e384a", "question": {"media": "dac60e848be6447f.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"dac60e848be6447f.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "dac60e848be6447f"}
+{"answer": "A five-dollar note issued by the state of Virginia on March 13, 1862, bearing the portrait of Jonathan M. Bennett, auditor of Virginia.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "beee300f1566eaa6", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["1874-10C-Seated Liberty (legend & arrows) JN2015-6616-17", "Obverse of a Walking Liberty Half dollar coin", "The Money Museum banner, Federal Reserve Bank Denver", "A five-dollar note issued by the state of Virginia on March 13, 1862, bearing the portrait of Jonathan M. Bennett, auditor of Virginia."], "qid": "T2_finance_76a011005e84", "question": {"media": "beee300f1566eaa6.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"beee300f1566eaa6.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "beee300f1566eaa6"}
+{"answer": "A national banknote issued by the government of Texas during the Republic of Texas era.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "32ff0146af922a97", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["A national banknote issued by the government of Texas during the Republic of Texas era.", "A banknote issued by the treasurer of the Republic of Texas produced between the years 1839 to 1841.", "A colonial banknote from what is now the United States of America.", "A military payment certificate issued for personnel of the military of the United States of America stationed in South Vietnam during their \"peace keeping mission\" (war) in the country. Issued: October 7, 1970; Withdrawn: March 15, 1973 (fractional denominations - June 1, 1971). Face: denomination; SERIES 692; Text: MILITARY PAYMENT CERTIFICATE; FOR USE ONLY IN UNITED STATES MILITARY ESTABLISHMENTS - BY UNITED STATES AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL IN ACCORDANCE WITH APPLICABLE RULES AND REGULATIONS Back: denomination; Text: MILITARY PAYMENT CERTIFICATE P-M83 Schwan-931 5 Cents, series 692 Face: James Earle Fraser's \"The Guardian\" sculpture (mirror image); Back: eagle P-M84 Schwan-932 10 Cents, series 692 Face/Back: as above P-M85 Schwan-933 25 Cents, series 692 Face/Back: as above P-M86 Schwan-934 50 Cents, series 692 Face/Back: as above P-M87 Schwan-935 1 Dollar, series 692 Face: woman's head; Back: bison."], "qid": "T2_finance_a6faca442e13", "question": {"media": "32ff0146af922a97.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"32ff0146af922a97.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "32ff0146af922a97"}
+{"answer": "A platinum half dollar pattern coin (J-44a).", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "b05ff18082b0c42d", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["2001 United States Capitol Visitor Center Half Dollar Reverse", "A platinum half dollar pattern coin (J-44a).", "A United States half dollar pattern coin from 1852.", "2000 Leif Ericson American Dollar Reverse"], "qid": "T2_finance_20510d104cc1", "question": {"media": "b05ff18082b0c42d.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"b05ff18082b0c42d.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "b05ff18082b0c42d"}
+{"answer": "Akcje Pierwszej Fabryk Lokomotyw w Polsce S.A. Zakłady w Chrzanowie", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "e8a96a2e819b19ac", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["stock of Cultuurmaatschappij Johannesburg, Suriname founded in 1889", "An original North Carolina Confederate banknote from 1861.", "Akcje Pierwszej Fabryk Lokomotyw w Polsce S.A. Zakłady w Chrzanowie", "Comparison of three flash media from Micro Center computer store: thumb drive, SD and Micro-SD cards, all having capacity of 8 gigibytes, next to a U.S. nickel coin"], "qid": "T2_finance_12f3bf7eb3b9", "question": {"media": "e8a96a2e819b19ac.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"e8a96a2e819b19ac.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "e8a96a2e819b19ac"}
+{"answer": "Allied Military Currency-2 Francs (1944) From the first of two issues of Allied Military Currency, the First Issue Supplemental French Franc was printed in eight denominations. The 2, 5 and 10 Franc notes are square while the 50, 100, 500, 1,000, and 5,000 France notes are rectangular. The reverse design is similar for the entire issue. The present example is a specimen note (SN 00000000).", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "1724e769d01bd5ce", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["A Series 1890 $20 Treasury Note depicting John Marshall with the signatures of William Starke Rosecrans and Enos H. Nebecker. Marshall was U.S. Secretary of State (1800–01) and then Chief Justice of the Supreme Court (1801–35).", "Bureau of Engraving and Printing proof of a $5,000 Gold certificate, Series of 1882 (Fr. Ref#1166k), depicting James Madison. Engraved signatures of Allison (Register of the Treasury) and Gilfillan (Treasurer of the United States).", "1926 $2 1/2 Sesquicentennial (1215-3439)", "Allied Military Currency-2 Francs (1944) From the first of two issues of Allied Military Currency, the First Issue Supplemental French Franc was printed in eight denominations. The 2, 5 and 10 Franc notes are square while the 50, 100, 500, 1,000, and 5,000 France notes are rectangular. The reverse design is similar for the entire issue. The present example is a specimen note (SN 00000000)."], "qid": "T2_finance_aedd9e59cb57", "question": {"media": "1724e769d01bd5ce.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"1724e769d01bd5ce.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "1724e769d01bd5ce"}
+{"answer": "An origami flower made of multiple ten dollar bills.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "2987f66f09400510", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This image depicts the reverse of an 1849 Liberty Head gold dollar.", "Specimen of a share certificate of Deutsche Post AG World Net (DHL)", "An origami flower made of multiple ten dollar bills.", "Federal Reserve System. Chairmen of Federal Reserve Districts. Front Row: Frederick H. Curtiss, Boston, Dist 1; Pierre Jay, New York City, Dist. 2; Richard L. Austin, Philadelphia, Dist. 3; D.C. Wills, Bellevue, Pa, Dist. 4; William Ingle, Baltimore, Dist. 5; M.B. Willborn, Anniston, Ala., Dist. 6; Back Row: C.H. Bosworth, Chicago, Dist. 7; A.E. Ramsey, Muskogee, Okla., Dist. 10; E.O. Tennison, Dallas, Dist. 11; John Perrin, San Francisco, Dist. 12"], "qid": "T2_finance_5fe21dc9bb1c", "question": {"media": "2987f66f09400510.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"2987f66f09400510.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "2987f66f09400510"}
+{"answer": "Closeup of mint mark on Franklin half dollars. Just above the bell on the reverse.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "6f5ac1b3fe37a695", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Closeup of mint mark on Franklin half dollars. Just above the bell on the reverse.", "Back of the coin of Air Force Gen. Joseph Lengyel, chief, National Guard Bureau, the Pentagon, Arlington, VA, June 1, 2018.", "Augustus humbert fifty dollar california gold coin", "Specimen of a share certificate of Deutsche Post AG World Net (DHL)"], "qid": "T2_finance_29214a284179", "question": {"media": "6f5ac1b3fe37a695.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"6f5ac1b3fe37a695.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "6f5ac1b3fe37a695"}
+{"answer": "Comparison between Athenaeum Portrait and United States one-dollar bill. Note that the image on the dollar bill in this comparison flips the image horizontally.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "70c502a17bc37eaa", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Obverse of a 1922 Grant Memorial commemorative half dollar. This particular coin is the variety with a star in the field (to the right).", "The obverse of a 1909 pattern Washington Nickel. This variety is one of two that has the motto \"Liberty\" surrounded by 7 stars to the left and 6 stars to the right, but with a small date.", "Comparison between Athenaeum Portrait and United States one-dollar bill. Note that the image on the dollar bill in this comparison flips the image horizontally.", "The Federal Reserve Bank in Houston, Texas, one of the three branches of the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas. This branch is on Allen Parkway in the Fourth Ward."], "qid": "T2_finance_99bcc975ef9f", "question": {"media": "70c502a17bc37eaa.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"70c502a17bc37eaa.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "70c502a17bc37eaa"}
+{"answer": "French; Coin (Franc); Miscellaneous-Coins and Medals", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "05bf920d365d4ad3", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["1838-10C-Seated Liberty (stars, no drapery) JN2015-6608-09", "French; Coin (Franc); Miscellaneous-Coins and Medals", "An origami flower made of multiple ten dollar bills.", "Photograph taken by the uploader of a 1934 United States $1000 bill, serial #G00231032A, on display in a plastic holder at an antique shop (with thanks to Mark E. for finding it)"], "qid": "T2_finance_fcec224d96aa", "question": {"media": "05bf920d365d4ad3.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"05bf920d365d4ad3.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "05bf920d365d4ad3"}
+{"answer": "Gold stater (c. 125-100 BC) attributed to the Parisii. MET nr. 17.191.121 Gift of J. Pierpont Morgan, 1917 dimensions: 2.1 × 2.3 × 0.2 cm, weight: 6.8 g. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/464811", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "f0537b68e10a783b", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The 1913 Liberty Nickel (Olsen specimen)", "Image of a United States Treasury Note from the first issue authorized to fund the War of 1812. This is an unissued $100 note.", "Parthian; Coin; Metalwork-Coins-Inscribed", "Gold stater (c. 125-100 BC) attributed to the Parisii. MET nr. 17.191.121 Gift of J. Pierpont Morgan, 1917 dimensions: 2.1 × 2.3 × 0.2 cm, weight: 6.8 g. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/464811"], "qid": "T2_finance_d24297e56e73", "question": {"media": "f0537b68e10a783b.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"f0537b68e10a783b.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "f0537b68e10a783b"}
+{"answer": "La Real Tesorería de Puerto Rico, 3 pesos. 1815. Printed by Murray, Draper, Fairman and Co.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "b7b557e121dfd9b1", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["La Real Tesorería de Puerto Rico, 3 pesos. 1815. Printed by Murray, Draper, Fairman and Co.", "2003 Wright Brothers Uncirculated Dollar", "Image of a United States Treasury Note from the first issue authorized to fund the War of 1812. This is an unissued $100 note.", "A five-dollar note issued by the state of Virginia on March 13, 1862, bearing the portrait of Jonathan M. Bennett, auditor of Virginia."], "qid": "T2_finance_fcf8a4a538c8", "question": {"media": "b7b557e121dfd9b1.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"b7b557e121dfd9b1.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "b7b557e121dfd9b1"}
+{"answer": "Map of Statehood quarters with the 2009 issues", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "0e7110febccfe775", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["An 1800 half cent, Draped Bust design (reverse).", "Map of Statehood quarters with the 2009 issues", "Gold stater (c. 125-100 BC) attributed to the Parisii. MET nr. 17.191.121 Gift of J. Pierpont Morgan, 1917 dimensions: 2.1 × 2.3 × 0.2 cm, weight: 6.8 g. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/464811", "Old share (not bond) of the Dutch VOC (East India Company). Description: \"Dutch United East India Company (VOC) Proof of payment #99, installment of a share; issued by the Camere Amsterdam, deed of September 27, 1606. Original signatures: Arent ten Grotenhuys and Dirck van Os, founders of the Compagnie van Verre and from 1602 directors of the Amsterdam Chamber of the VOC. Source: Private collection.\""], "qid": "T2_finance_4b5abd892fa9", "question": {"media": "0e7110febccfe775.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"0e7110febccfe775.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "0e7110febccfe775"}
+{"answer": "Personal check for $25.00 made out to William Holmes on March 15, 1830. Entire check in manuscript.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "3dad5240942bbe17", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Personal check for $25.00 made out to William Holmes on March 15, 1830. Entire check in manuscript.", "Printed on off-white paper in black and red ink. Two handwritten \"X\"s on left and right side of bill. The word \"ONE\", in red ink, is faded. Images include a seated female figure with sextent; sailing vessels, railroad, a wall, horse and rider; a group portrait of four men; and a seated women holding a sack and bundle of grain. Verso: blank.", "Printed on thin white paper with red threads. Stain on right side. Verso: blank", "Printed on off-white paper in black and red ink. Images include two portraits of young women, a hay wagon by a bridge with a railroad leaving a town, a seated male figure patting a dog on the head; forest; an axe; and a female figure holding a scythe. Verso: blank except for stamped initials."], "qid": "T2_finance_fecc4fedeb5a", "question": {"media": "3dad5240942bbe17.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"3dad5240942bbe17.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "3dad5240942bbe17"}
+{"answer": "Photo of a track left in mud by the edge of a storm water pond by Rana clamitans (Green Frog) with a U.S. quarter for scale.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "d9e10f1c613522d0", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Photo of a track left in mud by the edge of a storm water pond by Rana clamitans (Green Frog) with a U.S. quarter for scale.", "1976-S 50C Clad Deep Cameo (rev) (1171-4192)", "Obverse of the series 2009 $100 Federal Reserve Note. The star in the serial number of this example, LG04727792*, indicates the note is a replacement note.", "United States Mint Director Ed Moy and Grand Canyon National Park Superintendent, Steve Martin begin the ceremonial coin pour during the official launch of the Grand Canyon National Park quarter-dollar, the fourth coin in the America the Beautiful Quarters ® Program. The ceremony was held on September 21, 2010 on the scenic South Rim of Grand Canyon National Park between Hopi House and Verkamp's Visitor Center."], "qid": "T2_finance_427ef387bd71", "question": {"media": "d9e10f1c613522d0.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"d9e10f1c613522d0.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "d9e10f1c613522d0"}
+{"answer": "Photograph taken by the uploader of a 1934 United States $1000 bill, serial #G00231032A, on display in a plastic holder at an antique shop (with thanks to Mark E. for finding it)", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "48474b861b1ae4ea", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Photograph taken by the uploader of a 1934 United States $1000 bill, serial #G00231032A, on display in a plastic holder at an antique shop (with thanks to Mark E. for finding it)", "Presidential $1 Coin Program coin for Theodore Roosevelt. Obverse.", "Banknote issued by a private company. The value of this note is maintained by a payment promise. See free banking. This note is unsigned and probably wasn´t issued. Text: \"The President Director and Company of the Hagerstown Bank will pay five Dollars on demand to baerer.\"", "This is an image of a coin from Heritage Auction galleries; since the article is not for personal gain, rather academic purposes, and is of a unit of currency, the image is within the limits of fair use."], "qid": "T2_finance_ce270d6fdbeb", "question": {"media": "48474b861b1ae4ea.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"48474b861b1ae4ea.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "48474b861b1ae4ea"}
+{"answer": "Printed on off-white paper in black ink. Images include female figure with a rake and grain; and a seated Justice with sword and scales. Verso: blank.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "4528b2071ff618ae", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Printed on white paper in black and red ink. Images include a portrait of Governor John Letcher; a steamship; a female figure (possibly Ceres) seated on a fallen tree trunk, holding a basket. Verso: blank.", "Printed on white paper in black ink. Images include a farmer with plow, stags, a seated female figure with grain holding a sickle and caduceus, a railroad bridge, and a standing female figure holding corn and a roman numeral X. Verso: blank except for handwritten notation.", "Printed on off-white paper in black and red ink. Images include a railroad, buildings, and a bale of cotton. Verso: blank", "Printed on off-white paper in black ink. Images include female figure with a rake and grain; and a seated Justice with sword and scales. Verso: blank."], "qid": "T2_finance_01063ce040ba", "question": {"media": "4528b2071ff618ae.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description serves as the authoritative description of the image \"4528b2071ff618ae.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "4528b2071ff618ae"}
+{"answer": "Printed on off-white paper in black ink. Images include two female figures and a shipbuilding scene. Verso: blank except for handwritten initials.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "6c24fefa88f98069", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Printed on white paper in black and red ink. Images include a portrait of Governor John Letcher; a steamship; a female figure (possibly Ceres) seated on a fallen tree trunk, holding a basket. Verso: blank.", "Printed on off-white paper in black and red ink. Images include the State Capitol at Richmond, Virginia and a portrait of C.G. Memminger. Verso: complex pattern in blue ink with handwritten note.", "Printed on off-white paper in black ink. Images include two female figures and a shipbuilding scene. Verso: blank except for handwritten initials.", "Printed on off-white paper in black and red ink. Images include an embedded pattern in red ink; a standing female figure with staff, phrygian cap, grain, and cornucopia of produce; and a railroad among buildings. Verso: blank."], "qid": "T2_finance_a700a597155a", "question": {"media": "6c24fefa88f98069.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"6c24fefa88f98069.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "6c24fefa88f98069"}
+{"answer": "Share of the AG Apollinarisbrunnen vormals Georg Kreuzberg, issued 1. January 1876", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "b3e0febf4dcbc892", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Share of the H. B. Sloman & Co. AG, issued January 1929", "Share of the AG Apollinarisbrunnen vormals Georg Kreuzberg, issued 1. January 1876", "Share of the Chemin de Fer du Salève, issued 17. September 1921", "Share of the Erste Kulmbacher Actien-Exportbier-Brauerei, issued 1. September 1923"], "qid": "T2_finance_993204c958ef", "question": {"media": "b3e0febf4dcbc892.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"b3e0febf4dcbc892.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "b3e0febf4dcbc892"}
+{"answer": "Share of the C. F. Bally AG, issued 3. October 1907", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "8f3e1c1db823d1c2", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Share of the Pittsburgh, McKeesport & Youghiogheny Railroad Company, issued 23. November 1908", "Share of the C. F. Bally AG, issued 3. October 1907", "Share of the Actien-Brauerei Ohligs, issued 27. February 1899", "Share of the Stanserhornbahn-Gesellschaft, issued 31. December 1892"], "qid": "T2_finance_d578673cacd7", "question": {"media": "8f3e1c1db823d1c2.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"8f3e1c1db823d1c2.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "8f3e1c1db823d1c2"}
+{"answer": "Share of the Flint Motor Company, issued 14. August 1923", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "f6c35471dfeffff6", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Share of the S. A. des Automobiles Delaunay Belleville, issued 29. April 1924", "Share of the Erste Kulmbacher Actien-Exportbier-Brauerei, issued 1. September 1923", "Share of the Flint Motor Company, issued 14. August 1923", "Share of the Maschinenfabrik Germania vorm. J. S. Schwalbe & Sohn, issued 9. June 1928"], "qid": "T2_finance_9ee9fb9a3133", "question": {"media": "f6c35471dfeffff6.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"f6c35471dfeffff6.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "f6c35471dfeffff6"}
+{"answer": "Share of the Habermann & Guckes-Liebold AG, issued November 1928", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "766a457fc01a75cc", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Share of the Maschinenfabrik Germania vorm. J. S. Schwalbe & Sohn, issued 9. June 1928", "Share of the Bukum AG, issued 26. Juni 1924", "Share of the Stanserhornbahn-Gesellschaft, issued 31. December 1892", "Share of the Habermann & Guckes-Liebold AG, issued November 1928"], "qid": "T2_finance_64454810c35c", "question": {"media": "766a457fc01a75cc.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"766a457fc01a75cc.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "766a457fc01a75cc"}
+{"answer": "Share of the SA des Ets. Jules Richard, issued 30. June 1928", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "23547e76278ac026", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Share of the SA des Ets. Jules Richard, issued 30. June 1928", "Share of the Maschinenfabrik Germania vorm. J. S. Schwalbe & Sohn, issued 9. June 1928", "Share of the Stanserhornbahn-Gesellschaft, issued 31. December 1892", "Share of the Werner Frères Ltd., issued 5. May 1905"], "qid": "T2_finance_a0a9e45e30bb", "question": {"media": "23547e76278ac026.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"23547e76278ac026.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "23547e76278ac026"}
+{"answer": "Share of the SA des Voitures Automobiles Rip, issued 16. December 1907", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "1514eae2dfa4b0d7", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Share of the AB Sportartiklar Oy, issued 1. October 1922", "Share of the SA des Voitures Automobiles Rip, issued 16. December 1907", "Share of the Motor Manufacturing Company, issued 14. May 1901", "Share of the Emil Herminghaus AG, issued 10. March 1927"], "qid": "T2_finance_dedd8da07dc3", "question": {"media": "1514eae2dfa4b0d7.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"1514eae2dfa4b0d7.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "1514eae2dfa4b0d7"}
+{"answer": "Share of the Schütte-Lanz-Werke AG, issued 11. August 1923", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "f09ffc322bcb1f2c", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Share of the Schütte-Lanz-Werke AG, issued 11. August 1923", "Share of the Erste Kulmbacher Actien-Exportbier-Brauerei, issued 1. September 1923", "Share of the Rhein-Sieg Eisenbahn-AG, issued 22. November 1922", "Share of the Rauch & Lang Inc., issued 11. June 1920"], "qid": "T2_finance_f710644d531a", "question": {"media": "f09ffc322bcb1f2c.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"f09ffc322bcb1f2c.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "f09ffc322bcb1f2c"}
+{"answer": "Share of the Stanserhornbahn-Gesellschaft, issued 31. December 1892", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "ef6055a69788f3c6", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Share of the Ernst Gessner AG, issued 1. January 1932", "Share of the Stanserhornbahn-Gesellschaft, issued 31. December 1892", "Share of the Hansa-Metallwerke AG, issued February 1929", "Share of the Hamburger Electrizitäts-Werke, issued 31. October 1931"], "qid": "T2_finance_36ba93182856", "question": {"media": "ef6055a69788f3c6.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"ef6055a69788f3c6.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "ef6055a69788f3c6"}
+{"answer": "Sveriges Rikes Standers Bank, 32 Skillingar Banco (1843)", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "2ede2b9761c52f7d", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Certified proof for 50 silver pesos (1934) prepared by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP) for the República de Cuba depicting Carlos Manuel de Céspedes. Engraved signatures of Manuel Despaigne (Secretario de Hacienda) and Carlos Mendieta (Presidente de la República). The United States BEP prepared and issued Cuban silver certificates (Certificados de Plata) in eight series (1934, 1936, 1936A, 1938, 1943, 1945, 1948, and 1949), each series marking a change the authorizing signatures of either the Cuban Secretary of the Treasury (Secretario de Hacienda) or the President (Presidente de la República).", "Sveriges Rikes Standers Bank, 32 Skillingar Banco (1843)", "Kingdom of Hungary, 1,000 korona, 1920 Provisional issue with overstamp (using a 1902 Austro-Hungarian note). The 1920 provisional issue of Hungarian banknotes used an earlier Austro-Hungarian Bank issue. The red circular overstamp on the front side served as validation of legal tender status in the Kingdom of Hungary.", "JN2015-6704-05, minted in CC - Carson City"], "qid": "T2_finance_a144c2483a8f", "question": {"media": "2ede2b9761c52f7d.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"2ede2b9761c52f7d.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "2ede2b9761c52f7d"}
+{"answer": "The Dime Savings Bank of Brooklyn building at 9 Dekalb Avenue at Fleet Street in the Civic Center area of Brooklyn, New York City was built in 1906-08 and was designed by Mowbray & Uffinger in the Classical Revival style.. It was significantly enlarged by Halsey, McCormack & Helmer in 1931-32. The interior of the building is \"remarkable\" (AIA Guide) and features large gilded Mercury-head dimes and twelve red marble columns supporting the rotunda; these were added in the 1931-32 expansion. (Sources: Guide to NYC Landmarks (4th ed.) and AIA Guide to NYC (5th ed.)) The Dime Savings Bank of Brooklyn was later renamed to be the Dime Savings Bank of New York.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "cdce4e6b784cbf22", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Closeup of mint mark on Franklin half dollars. Just above the bell on the reverse.", "Twelve Reserve Banks buildings from 1936", "Comparison between Athenaeum Portrait and United States one-dollar bill. Note that the image on the dollar bill in this comparison flips the image horizontally.", "The Dime Savings Bank of Brooklyn building at 9 Dekalb Avenue at Fleet Street in the Civic Center area of Brooklyn, New York City was built in 1906-08 and was designed by Mowbray & Uffinger in the Classical Revival style.. It was significantly enlarged by Halsey, McCormack & Helmer in 1931-32. The interior of the building is \"remarkable\" (AIA Guide) and features large gilded Mercury-head dimes and twelve red marble columns supporting the rotunda; these were added in the 1931-32 expansion. (Sources: Guide to NYC Landmarks (4th ed.) and AIA Guide to NYC (5th ed.)) The Dime Savings Bank of Brooklyn was later renamed to be the Dime Savings Bank of New York."], "qid": "T2_finance_7180d3516d1d", "question": {"media": "cdce4e6b784cbf22.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"cdce4e6b784cbf22.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "cdce4e6b784cbf22"}
+{"answer": "The Federal Reserve Bank in Houston, Texas, one of the three branches of the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas. This branch is on Allen Parkway in the Fourth Ward.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "296151b0cb09dffa", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["An original North Carolina Confederate banknote from 1861.", "Artistic photograph of a dime in a hand, illustrating the phrase Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?.", "A roll of 25 U.S. dollar coins, featuring the fourth president of the United States, James Madison.", "The Federal Reserve Bank in Houston, Texas, one of the three branches of the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas. This branch is on Allen Parkway in the Fourth Ward."], "qid": "T2_finance_22c838d11695", "question": {"media": "296151b0cb09dffa.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"296151b0cb09dffa.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "296151b0cb09dffa"}
+{"answer": "The LaSalle Street facade of the Federal Reserve Bank Building at 165 West Quincy Street in Chicago, Illinois.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "1d5c6df0ea85af6c", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Obverse (left) and reverse (right) of 1877-CC Liberty Double Eagle", "An 1800 half cent, Draped Bust design (reverse).", "German; Coin (Thaler); Miscellaneous-Coins and Medals", "The LaSalle Street facade of the Federal Reserve Bank Building at 165 West Quincy Street in Chicago, Illinois."], "qid": "T2_finance_dba0051f1a53", "question": {"media": "1d5c6df0ea85af6c.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"1d5c6df0ea85af6c.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "1d5c6df0ea85af6c"}
+{"answer": "US Commemorative Silver Dollar honoring Bill of Rights featuring image of James Madison", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "76e7e56f1207ec6f", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Image of a United States Treasury Note from the first issue authorized to fund the War of 1812. This is an unissued $100 note.", "Gold coin of the Parisii tribe of ancient Gaul, c. 125-100 BC. In the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art.", "US Commemorative Silver Dollar honoring Bill of Rights featuring image of James Madison", "1819 Quarter Dollar, Capped Bust, Reverse"], "qid": "T2_finance_c74ea1f3b76f", "question": {"media": "76e7e56f1207ec6f.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"76e7e56f1207ec6f.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "76e7e56f1207ec6f"}
+{"answer": "w:Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "1d7d4834233bb0b1", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["German; Coin (Thaler); Miscellaneous-Coins and Medals", "An origami flower made of multiple ten dollar bills.", "Obverse of a Walking Liberty Half dollar coin", "w:Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA"], "qid": "T2_finance_d5872382242a", "question": {"media": "1d7d4834233bb0b1.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"1d7d4834233bb0b1.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "1d7d4834233bb0b1"}
diff --git a/release/gold/T2/games.jsonl b/release/gold/T2/games.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2a5d1e029b883f244427b88588916f763b1c9849
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/gold/T2/games.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{"answer": "A DOS Game. You carry people into your ship", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "games", "dossier": "194832406c2a6eae", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This is a screenshot from the commodore 64 game Beauty and the Beast.", "A DOS Game. You carry people into your ship", "The login screen is where a player can login or be created.", "Screenshot of Hume's rainbow caves in Supertux2"], "qid": "T2_games_2b30b0eae93e", "question": {"media": "194832406c2a6eae.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"194832406c2a6eae.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "194832406c2a6eae"}
+{"answer": "A screenshot from the free and open-source real-time strategy game MegaGlest showing units and structures.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "games", "dossier": "22d146e1c2e27660", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["A member of the mobile task force \"Nine-Tailed Fox\" from the video game SCP: Secret Laboratory.", "Screenshot of the video game Tooth and Tail", "This is the main menu of the Borbio game.", "A screenshot from the free and open-source real-time strategy game MegaGlest showing units and structures."], "qid": "T2_games_a917f8af4411", "question": {"media": "22d146e1c2e27660.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"22d146e1c2e27660.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "22d146e1c2e27660"}
+{"answer": "Animated GIF of miniboss fight scene in Broforce video game", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "games", "dossier": "19dc7b2da3d7b9a4", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["w:en:User:Ijustam took this screenshot on their Linux machine, 27 Oct 2007.", "JPG version of PNG screenshot from Ridiculous Fishing, for better compression within article", "Animated GIF of miniboss fight scene in Broforce video game", "Secrets of Rætikon animated screenshot, by Broken Rules (game developer)"], "qid": "T2_games_69279be19b70", "question": {"media": "19dc7b2da3d7b9a4.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"19dc7b2da3d7b9a4.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "19dc7b2da3d7b9a4"}
+{"answer": "Another dreamy sleepy calm electronic song. This one with extra clicks. Made with Auxy.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "games", "dossier": "a2728645ef3931a3", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["audio"], "options": ["Another dreamy sleepy calm electronic song. This one with extra clicks. Made with Auxy.", "This is another result of me messing around with the electric guitars on Logic Pro. I think this one turned out better than the last. A looping version and MIDI files included.", "Re-upload! Includes two versions, both are loopable. P.S. The other Boss Battle #2 is in removal condition, it's been so for long time. This new upload includes two versions.", "perhaps this could played over an opening dialogue or a start screen, it's got the vibe of a wartime tribe gearing up to fight for their lives, with the more obvious 8-bit NES tones and qualities"], "qid": "T2_games_95593a19625b", "question": {"media": "a2728645ef3931a3.wav", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the audio \"a2728645ef3931a3.wav\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "a2728645ef3931a3"}
+{"answer": "Basic Hud Tiles (+ Alphabet). http://pdpxart.tumblr.com/ These tiles should give you a starting point for creating nice clean menus, dialogue boxes, and heads-up displays. (now including 8 x 8 pixel font) (8 x 8 pixel tiles)", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "games", "dossier": "9d7261e916e32220", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Pixel Art TV Sprite (CC0). An old-fashioned TV pixel art. I hope you like it! P.S. It was 200x200 but I turned it into 1000x1000. That means every pixel is 5 pixels.", "16x16 Mage. Created for a Ludum Dare game Unnatural Selection", "16x16 animated tiles. 16x16 tilesets with animated waterfalls and water with a few recolors, let me know if you need something animated Edit: -forgot to include the enviroment tilesets", "Basic Hud Tiles (+ Alphabet). http://pdpxart.tumblr.com/ These tiles should give you a starting point for creating nice clean menus, dialogue boxes, and heads-up displays. (now including 8 x 8 pixel font) (8 x 8 pixel tiles)"], "qid": "T2_games_07ddc7c4977a", "question": {"media": "9d7261e916e32220.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"9d7261e916e32220.png\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "9d7261e916e32220"}
+{"answer": "Blob Sprite. Blob sprite with move , attack , idle and death animation. This sprite is completely free to use by anyone any comments good or bad would be appreciated. cheers.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "games", "dossier": "62f4264075b3420d", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Rpg Pixel Art Pack. Bee, Bears, Honeycomb, Keys, Houses, Potion... I made these arts for my open source game Lango, https://delta12-studio.itch.io/langofrom which I've been making Godot Engine tutorials on Youtube https://www.youtube.com/c/delta12studioSo I decided to make it available here too. I hope you are useful and enjoy! Delta12 Studio", "Assets for Tuxemon. Here's what I've made for the Tuxemon project, free to the public. You can find: - 7 Items (24x24 pixel) - 10 Tuxemon menu faces (24x24 pixel, 2 sprite animation) - 10 Tuxemon (64x64 pixel, each with front/back sprite) - 5 Trainer (64x64 pixel) - 7 Attack animations (64x64 pixel, horizontal stripe) I bet I missed some stuff I've submitted over time :D Note: Everything is in random order, but the tuxemon battle sprites are aligned in the same way as the menu faces", "Blob Sprite. Blob sprite with move , attack , idle and death animation. This sprite is completely free to use by anyone any comments good or bad would be appreciated. cheers.", "Metal Blocks and misc elements. Blocks, fan, lamps, grille, gem + several destroyed variants. I drew it for my free game Caterpillarnoid https://store.steampowered.com/app/1349920/Caterpillarnoid/"], "qid": "T2_games_9b317d7b4256", "question": {"media": "62f4264075b3420d.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"62f4264075b3420d.png\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "62f4264075b3420d"}
+{"answer": "Bloody Wall. Some kind of brick or stone wall with blood splats on it. Made for some kind of zombie invasion game.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "games", "dossier": "c84ba2460e48667d", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Anaxarch's Worlds. An application which uses opensimplex noise to generate Earth-like, gaseous, and rocky planets. You can recolor them and adjust various settings. Currently only built for Windows https://github.com/Anaxarchus/Worlds/releases/tag/Windows-v1.2-Stable", "Bloody Wall. Some kind of brick or stone wall with blood splats on it. Made for some kind of zombie invasion game.", "Simple rotating coin. Here is a simple looking rotating coin. Horizontal strip with 12 frames, 16x16px tiles.", "Metal Blocks and misc elements. Blocks, fan, lamps, grille, gem + several destroyed variants. I drew it for my free game Caterpillarnoid https://store.steampowered.com/app/1349920/Caterpillarnoid/"], "qid": "T2_games_5aa12569cf3c", "question": {"media": "c84ba2460e48667d.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"c84ba2460e48667d.png\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "c84ba2460e48667d"}
+{"answer": "Bullet Collection 2 (M484 Games). Here are some more bullets for you; this is the M484 Games Bullet Collection number 2. For this set I tried to raise the quality a little bit; aiming for Arcade standards rather than Amiga standards. Although I don't know if that made any real difference in the end lol. But they look quite nice to me. :) The most notable things here are the 16-way blaster bullets, the spinners and the Gradius inspired ripple beam effects. And as you can notice I also included some \"usage examples\" there, which give some cool ideas of how the gfx might be used. And if you like these and are planning to use them in a shmup, then make sure to also check out the \"Lightning Weapon\" that I made earlier, it follows the same style:http://opengameart.org/content/m484-lightning-weapon", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "games", "dossier": "d314f4cfa02d5ff9", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Pixel Farmer. This is a farmer who will be chasing the main character our new Android Game. You may use it however you like. I just thought the animation of it was pretty fun and i'd like to see him get some more mileage :) He walks and his gun bounces, beard flaps a little bit as well. FYI - we are using a black background and outlined characters, no fill. Feel free to change it if you are not! Check out our games on Google Play here: Monster Logix Apps", "Camel. Camel from our ludum dare project \"Pharablock\".", "Bullet Collection 2 (M484 Games). Here are some more bullets for you; this is the M484 Games Bullet Collection number 2. For this set I tried to raise the quality a little bit; aiming for Arcade standards rather than Amiga standards. Although I don't know if that made any real difference in the end lol. But they look quite nice to me. :) The most notable things here are the 16-way blaster bullets, the spinners and the Gradius inspired ripple beam effects. And as you can notice I also included some \"usage examples\" there, which give some cool ideas of how the gfx might be used. And if you like these and are planning to use them in a shmup, then make sure to also check out the \"Lightning Weapon\" that I made earlier, it follows the same style:http://opengameart.org/content/m484-lightning-weapon", "Pico-8 tint/shadow experiments. Here are some reference art images which I used in order to try to figure out how to work around the limitations of the pico-8 palette. Enjoy!"], "qid": "T2_games_52b9bb710fcb", "question": {"media": "d314f4cfa02d5ff9.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"d314f4cfa02d5ff9.png\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "d314f4cfa02d5ff9"}
+{"answer": "Bunny Hill by Jasmin Patry (Extreme Tux Racer version) - Montage of the map files (elev.png, terrain.png and trees.png)", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "games", "dossier": "e98a4aa4e83e3e3b", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This is a diagram of the game of Penguin, based on an actual layout. The image is made in Microsoft Paint and the cards used were based on the SVG Playing Cards.", "Bunny Hill by Jasmin Patry (Extreme Tux Racer version) - Montage of the map files (elev.png, terrain.png and trees.png)", "Screenshot of the video game Tooth and Tail", "cover art screenshot of a free online game by an independant publisher was launched for WED 2008 with this year's theme \"CO2, Kick the Habit! Towards a Low Carbon Economy.\" the game was called Carbon chomper and can be played for free at this link[1]"], "qid": "T2_games_dc647e349016", "question": {"media": "e98a4aa4e83e3e3b.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"e98a4aa4e83e3e3b.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "e98a4aa4e83e3e3b"}
+{"answer": "Car Blinker Sound effect meant to be used in your motor games. Site | YouTube | itch.io | Twitter If that was useful for you, please consider a donation", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "games", "dossier": "2dfd048ab2575a13", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["audio"], "options": ["The call of a small dinosaur with a raspy voice.", "Probably this is the highest quality of sound effect I can produce now ...for Doomsday Laser Cannon. I also put the example of use that you can listen to it just for fun.", "simple rumble fx with fade in/out total track time 19s", "Car Blinker Sound effect meant to be used in your motor games. Site | YouTube | itch.io | Twitter If that was useful for you, please consider a donation"], "qid": "T2_games_2707aad06879", "question": {"media": "2dfd048ab2575a13.wav", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the audio \"2dfd048ab2575a13.wav\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "2dfd048ab2575a13"}
+{"answer": "Chef [Animated] - Classic Hero Edit. Chefs created for use in Slow Builder 2. One black, one white, one asian, file names have the colour as the first letter. They're all wearing the same clothes. The files named '2' are double the size of the originals. Use it how you want. Hoping to have a full heavy list of Jason Em sprites by the end of this and see them in a lot of games from this community! All based on Jason-Ems Classic Hero", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "games", "dossier": "98b8bd7e481d0272", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Chef [Animated] - Classic Hero Edit. Chefs created for use in Slow Builder 2. One black, one white, one asian, file names have the colour as the first letter. They're all wearing the same clothes. The files named '2' are double the size of the originals. Use it how you want. Hoping to have a full heavy list of Jason Em sprites by the end of this and see them in a lot of games from this community! All based on Jason-Ems Classic Hero", "Basic Hud Tiles (+ Alphabet). http://pdpxart.tumblr.com/ These tiles should give you a starting point for creating nice clean menus, dialogue boxes, and heads-up displays. (now including 8 x 8 pixel font) (8 x 8 pixel tiles)", "Flying Monster Frames 16x16. There are two sets of four frames spritesheets. I have also included gifs of both. They are both created as 16x16 i scaled a copy them up so they are easy to see in the preview. I called them Bat(The Light One) and Stalkette(The Dark One)", "Flappy Bird Style Sprites. Art made for a game programming tutorial on my channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCkg9S5QbfM58b6kKvyq9y1Q?view_as=subscriber"], "qid": "T2_games_240da5f4c272", "question": {"media": "98b8bd7e481d0272.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"98b8bd7e481d0272.png\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "98b8bd7e481d0272"}
+{"answer": "Fog of war in 0 A.D. Alpha 23. The bottom area shows the area which is observed right now, the middle area the discovered area, which is out of line of sight. The black area hasn't been discovered yet. The blue line shows the border in which the player can build nuildings.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "games", "dossier": "69a7eb9e6c265061", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Fog of war in 0 A.D. Alpha 23. The bottom area shows the area which is observed right now, the middle area the discovered area, which is out of line of sight. The black area hasn't been discovered yet. The blue line shows the border in which the player can build nuildings.", "The login screen is where a player can login or be created.", "Screenshot of SmallFish, an iOS app which uses Stockfish as its chess engine. It shows two players, Shiro, which is a human and playing white, and a computer playing black whose difficulty is of a grandmaster. The game ends up with a draw due to the third repetition of Qa4. The list of moves used is also shown.", "Minetest 5.3.0 interior decor using primarily the Home Decor mod, but many other mods as well. Decor by Pieru @ hightime hardcore survivor server."], "qid": "T2_games_561e8cfef2c0", "question": {"media": "69a7eb9e6c265061.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"69a7eb9e6c265061.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "69a7eb9e6c265061"}
+{"answer": "Game of Puzzle Storm on lichess.org, where players find the best moves in chess puzzles against the clock", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "games", "dossier": "13ba02be015f22b2", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The Cecil and Ida Green Building, also known as MIT Building 54, was built in 1962-64, and was designed by I. M. Pei Associates, one of Pei's three Modernist concrete buildings on MIT's McDermott Court. (Sources: Emporis and MIT: An Architectural Tour}", "Game of Puzzle Storm on lichess.org, where players find the best moves in chess puzzles against the clock", "Screenshot of Freeciv 2.1-beta1 in Simplified Chinese locale", "Screenshot from the video game Defenders of Ardania"], "qid": "T2_games_e847e3e76b8f", "question": {"media": "13ba02be015f22b2.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"13ba02be015f22b2.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "13ba02be015f22b2"}
+{"answer": "Gude!Jump Art Pack. This is the main character of my Game Gude!Jump n Run finally released on Steam: https://store.steampowered.com/app/1360870/Gude_Jump_n_Run/?beta=1 It features animations for: I further added:", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "games", "dossier": "230c4522563d4cbf", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Classroom 002. See also: * Stage with Spotlight * Vintage Lingerie", "Retro Stereo Sprite. A retro-style stereo sprite. It includes an image with and one without the black outline. Both are 64x64, uncropped. I would appreciate credit if it is used, but it is not required. You can message me if you would like to credit me as the artist of the piece, as there is little identifying information displayed on my account right now.", "Gude!Jump Art Pack. This is the main character of my Game Gude!Jump n Run finally released on Steam: https://store.steampowered.com/app/1360870/Gude_Jump_n_Run/?beta=1 It features animations for: I further added:", "Upwards Floating Soul. You can probably edit it to do 4 way movement with no problem."], "qid": "T2_games_b00242e8e64f", "question": {"media": "230c4522563d4cbf.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"230c4522563d4cbf.png\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "230c4522563d4cbf"}
+{"answer": "Key Up. An Keyboard Up key made for a simple sample game available here: http://vls2.tk/lightbird", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "games", "dossier": "309160417f2a1104", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Key Up. An Keyboard Up key made for a simple sample game available here: http://vls2.tk/lightbird", "Alien Portrait. An apatic alien that i drawn about a year ago and today i scaned and colored it. I included source in the 7zip file for fast recoloring.", "A little recolor Birds. Link originals: https://opengameart.org/content/winter-birds Author: https://opengameart.org/users/refuzzle", "32x32 RPG Character Sprites. 20 different 32x32 character sprites with walking, standing, and 'charging' poses. Initially intended to be used in Voidspire Tactics, until I decided to use a different resolution and style. Unfortunately, only half of them have a walking frame for East/West facing. The 'soldier'-looking fellow also has a more detailed spritesheet including jumping animations and 45 degree facings. Also includes a handful of status icons."], "qid": "T2_games_3ba6a979a658", "question": {"media": "309160417f2a1104.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"309160417f2a1104.png\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "309160417f2a1104"}
+{"answer": "Lightning (low quality). Lightning images created for our game, you can use it too. Software: Inkscape", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "games", "dossier": "47454f0de87d5ba9", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Side robot with a gun. Just some art I made for Pixelator showcase. Source is in Animate, the pixelated versions are made using http://pixelatorapp.com/. Use it for whatever, but if you do credit will be appreciated (but not mandatory) :)", "WarMachine sprite. A simple sprite I made with GIMP, in four different colors. You can support me: https://www.tastyfish.cz/#support", "Lightning (low quality). Lightning images created for our game, you can use it too. Software: Inkscape", "Medieval Archery Range (Isometric 2.5D). This isometric midieval archery range was designed for the browser-based RTS Feudal Wars (feudalwars.net). The artwork for Feudal Wars has since evolved into a different style and these earlier assets will not be used."], "qid": "T2_games_2d39d707956a", "question": {"media": "47454f0de87d5ba9.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"47454f0de87d5ba9.png\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "47454f0de87d5ba9"}
+{"answer": "Necromancer Spritesheet. I made this little necromancer for my game project I'm working on. Maybe someone else will benefit from it. I used another image as a base to work off: https://opengameart.org/content/skeleton-guy-animated It's not the best art or anything and it's a placeholder for better art in the future. But I was looking for something like this for my game on this site and didn't find it, so I made it. Hopefully this saves someone else some time. Frame sizes are 64 pixels.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "games", "dossier": "777f81e8d5e2f8c2", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Two pixelish Tree sprites. See this forum post for how those trees came about: http://forum.freegamedev.net/viewtopic.php?f=22&t=5401&p=57202#p57202", "Necromancer Spritesheet. I made this little necromancer for my game project I'm working on. Maybe someone else will benefit from it. I used another image as a base to work off: https://opengameart.org/content/skeleton-guy-animated It's not the best art or anything and it's a placeholder for better art in the future. But I was looking for something like this for my game on this site and didn't find it, so I made it. Hopefully this saves someone else some time. Frame sizes are 64 pixels.", "Lightning (low quality). Lightning images created for our game, you can use it too. Software: Inkscape", "Retro pixel art GUI/HUD elements including dialogue box. Here are all the GUI assets for my lateral-thinking puzzle game, Compass Rose Includes a dialogue box, some navigation arrows, and HUD elements such as a speaker for sound on/off, a question mark, and a closed caption icon. This is my original work. Attribution appreciated but not required. Enjoy! (:"], "qid": "T2_games_12e668e13025", "question": {"media": "777f81e8d5e2f8c2.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"777f81e8d5e2f8c2.png\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "777f81e8d5e2f8c2"}
+{"answer": "Nestor tileset. Nestor is a NES-like tileset created for the NESfeel art challenge. It aims to imitate NES limitations (uses 3 palettes of 4 colours; the assumption is that 4th palette is used for GUI). The palette used is Nestopia palette. The tileset is formatted for use in RPG Maker 2000, 2003 and their free alternatives: EasyRPG Player and R48 editor. Of course, you can use it in any other program, too (although you might need to use 8*8 grid or reformat the autotiles if you use a different format). The tileset is named after Nestor the Chronicler who wrote the Tale of Bygone Years. NES is a historical console from bygone years, so I think it's a fitting name. I might eventually expand this to add more tiles in the similar style, so if you have suggestions about tiles you'd like to be added, feel free to comment. P.S. I would be glad if you could check out the projects I'm involved in:", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "games", "dossier": "9a4fa818bfdcc7e1", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Nestor tileset. Nestor is a NES-like tileset created for the NESfeel art challenge. It aims to imitate NES limitations (uses 3 palettes of 4 colours; the assumption is that 4th palette is used for GUI). The palette used is Nestopia palette. The tileset is formatted for use in RPG Maker 2000, 2003 and their free alternatives: EasyRPG Player and R48 editor. Of course, you can use it in any other program, too (although you might need to use 8*8 grid or reformat the autotiles if you use a different format). The tileset is named after Nestor the Chronicler who wrote the Tale of Bygone Years. NES is a historical console from bygone years, so I think it's a fitting name. I might eventually expand this to add more tiles in the similar style, so if you have suggestions about tiles you'd like to be added, feel free to comment. P.S. I would be glad if you could check out the projects I'm involved in:", "Chef [Animated] - Classic Hero Edit. Chefs created for use in Slow Builder 2. One black, one white, one asian, file names have the colour as the first letter. They're all wearing the same clothes. The files named '2' are double the size of the originals. Use it how you want. Hoping to have a full heavy list of Jason Em sprites by the end of this and see them in a lot of games from this community! All based on Jason-Ems Classic Hero", "2D simple platformer tileset.. Hope this helps someone complete a project they are working on.", "Retro Stereo Sprite. A retro-style stereo sprite. It includes an image with and one without the black outline. Both are 64x64, uncropped. I would appreciate credit if it is used, but it is not required. You can message me if you would like to credit me as the artist of the piece, as there is little identifying information displayed on my account right now."], "qid": "T2_games_cf292ef612eb", "question": {"media": "9a4fa818bfdcc7e1.png", "text": "What is the authoritative description of the image \"9a4fa818bfdcc7e1.png\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "9a4fa818bfdcc7e1"}
+{"answer": "New unit model comparison New (Left) vs. Old (Right)", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "games", "dossier": "b28cf7d4308c025f", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["New unit model comparison New (Left) vs. Old (Right)", "Screenshot from the free video game Scorched3D. An example of a destroyed environment in game", "Screenshot showing gameplay in the Swing Racers video game for iOS.", "Game of Puzzle Storm on lichess.org, where players find the best moves in chess puzzles against the clock"], "qid": "T2_games_97d825b54ad9", "question": {"media": "b28cf7d4308c025f.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"b28cf7d4308c025f.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "b28cf7d4308c025f"}
+{"answer": "Nuclear Dawn screenshot depicting the New York City based Downtown map. Released in 2011, the game was developed by Interwave Studios and built on the Source engine.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "games", "dossier": "1456298de9ece7f1", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Dustforce screenshot. Released in 2012, the game was developed by Hitbox Team.", "Nuclear Dawn screenshot depicting the New York City based Downtown map. Released in 2011, the game was developed by Interwave Studios and built on the Source engine.", "Zeno Clash II screenshot. Released in 2013, the game was developed by ACE Team and is powered by Unreal Engine 3.", "RoboBlitz screenshot. Released in 2006, the game was developed by Naked Sky Entertainment."], "qid": "T2_games_d6215e6a6a10", "question": {"media": "1456298de9ece7f1.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"1456298de9ece7f1.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "1456298de9ece7f1"}
+{"answer": "OpenTTD 1 5. MegaStation with the NewGRF FIRS.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "games", "dossier": "cfe3d9ef98db005e", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The easy tileset for the Gnome games version of mahjong", "OpenTTD 1 5. MegaStation with the NewGRF FIRS.", "Imagine Cup 2013 Worldwide Finals event in St. Petersburg, Russia - July 8-11, 2013", "Screenshot from computer game «Cossacks 3»"], "qid": "T2_games_1454d3387744", "question": {"media": "cfe3d9ef98db005e.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"cfe3d9ef98db005e.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "cfe3d9ef98db005e"}
+{"answer": "OpenTTD 1.1.0 (English Version) using OpenGFX 0.33 graphic set", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "games", "dossier": "4f425f49b4b443c8", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Screenshot of Nexuiz - A fast paced online first person shooter. Screenshot taken by Tyler \"-z-\" Mulligan", "This screenshot shows Cháoting, the Han imperial court in the game mode \"Battle\" in the Tarim Basin in 0 A.D. Alpha 26. It is a fortified administrative seat.", "Little gold torc jewel, from Castro de las Peñas de Oro. (Alava, Basque country Spain)", "OpenTTD 1.1.0 (English Version) using OpenGFX 0.33 graphic set"], "qid": "T2_games_854c42d7b30b", "question": {"media": "4f425f49b4b443c8.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"4f425f49b4b443c8.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "4f425f49b4b443c8"}
+{"answer": "Pixel Farmer. This is a farmer who will be chasing the main character our new Android Game. You may use it however you like. I just thought the animation of it was pretty fun and i'd like to see him get some more mileage :) He walks and his gun bounces, beard flaps a little bit as well. FYI - we are using a black background and outlined characters, no fill. Feel free to change it if you are not! Check out our games on Google Play here: Monster Logix Apps", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "games", "dossier": "5dfe1a5723b50335", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Flame Animation. Here's a little 8x8 pixel animated flame I managed to make. It plays nicely in 20 FPS (0.05 second delay between each frame) :) Notice how the different resolutions are just scaled versions of the smallest one. This is because some game engines and all that scale images so that they become blurry. That's why I made the scaled versions. E.g. in the example image I used LÖVE or Love2d, which you can find here. I was lazy and didn't want to search how to make it not blurry, so I just scaled the tiles to make them more accurate. Looks nice on some wood or stuff. Remember, this is not a GIF, so it doesn't play automatically. You have to program that yourself.", "Pixel Farmer. This is a farmer who will be chasing the main character our new Android Game. You may use it however you like. I just thought the animation of it was pretty fun and i'd like to see him get some more mileage :) He walks and his gun bounces, beard flaps a little bit as well. FYI - we are using a black background and outlined characters, no fill. Feel free to change it if you are not! Check out our games on Google Play here: Monster Logix Apps", "Hayfork. Rake / fork / Hayfork pixelart farm tool", "Retro Stereo Sprite. A retro-style stereo sprite. It includes an image with and one without the black outline. Both are 64x64, uncropped. I would appreciate credit if it is used, but it is not required. You can message me if you would like to credit me as the artist of the piece, as there is little identifying information displayed on my account right now."], "qid": "T2_games_8355e0e55c31", "question": {"media": "5dfe1a5723b50335.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"5dfe1a5723b50335.png\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "5dfe1a5723b50335"}
+{"answer": "Retro Stereo Sprite. A retro-style stereo sprite. It includes an image with and one without the black outline. Both are 64x64, uncropped. I would appreciate credit if it is used, but it is not required. You can message me if you would like to credit me as the artist of the piece, as there is little identifying information displayed on my account right now.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "games", "dossier": "72c345c32b7d60ae", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Anaxarch's Worlds. An application which uses opensimplex noise to generate Earth-like, gaseous, and rocky planets. You can recolor them and adjust various settings. Currently only built for Windows https://github.com/Anaxarchus/Worlds/releases/tag/Windows-v1.2-Stable", "Spinning Pixel Coin. A simple spinning coin drawn is a pixel shaded style.", "Retro Stereo Sprite. A retro-style stereo sprite. It includes an image with and one without the black outline. Both are 64x64, uncropped. I would appreciate credit if it is used, but it is not required. You can message me if you would like to credit me as the artist of the piece, as there is little identifying information displayed on my account right now.", "RPG/Idle game icons.. Hello! These icons were intended for use in a small idle game, but finally decided to release them. Use them!"], "qid": "T2_games_fc95ecfe2400", "question": {"media": "72c345c32b7d60ae.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"72c345c32b7d60ae.png\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "72c345c32b7d60ae"}
+{"answer": "Rock of Ages screenshot, developed by ACE Team and released in 2011. This screenshot draws from Romanticism. The game is built on Unreal Engine 3.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "games", "dossier": "652e09fc911ae1d1", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Dustforce screenshot. Released in 2012, the game was developed by Hitbox Team.", "RoboBlitz screenshot. Released in 2006, the game was developed by Naked Sky Entertainment.", "Zeno Clash II screenshot. Released in 2013, the game was developed by ACE Team and is powered by Unreal Engine 3.", "Rock of Ages screenshot, developed by ACE Team and released in 2011. This screenshot draws from Romanticism. The game is built on Unreal Engine 3."], "qid": "T2_games_27dbf46d593f", "question": {"media": "652e09fc911ae1d1.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"652e09fc911ae1d1.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "652e09fc911ae1d1"}
+{"answer": "Screenshot from 2015 video game Nuclear Throne", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "games", "dossier": "cc97fb2341a9b7a5", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Screenshot from 2015 video game Nuclear Throne", "Secrets of Rætikon animated screenshot, by Broken Rules (game developer)", "w:en:User:Ijustam took this screenshot on their Linux machine, 27 Oct 2007.", "Screenshot of Getting Over It with Bennett Foddy (2017 video game)"], "qid": "T2_games_cb1aa3234fdb", "question": {"media": "cc97fb2341a9b7a5.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"cc97fb2341a9b7a5.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "cc97fb2341a9b7a5"}
+{"answer": "Screenshot from the free video game Scorched3D. An example of a destroyed environment in game", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "games", "dossier": "e060ef3dede33cee", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Screenshot from the free video game Scorched3D. An example of a destroyed environment in game", "Cromemco C-10 (built in 1982) playing chess in 2015. This chess-playing program came standard with every Cromemco C-10 computer. Brent Gammon is the owner of this computer.", "Screenshot of Hume's rainbow caves in Supertux2", "A DOS Game. You carry people into your ship"], "qid": "T2_games_898f084425cd", "question": {"media": "e060ef3dede33cee.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"e060ef3dede33cee.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "e060ef3dede33cee"}
+{"answer": "Screenshot from the title of Battle for Wesnoth 0.6 french", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "games", "dossier": "7f3999948bf007fb", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The Cecil and Ida Green Building, also known as MIT Building 54, was built in 1962-64, and was designed by I. M. Pei Associates, one of Pei's three Modernist concrete buildings on MIT's McDermott Court. (Sources: Emporis and MIT: An Architectural Tour}", "This is a diagram of the game of Penguin, based on an actual layout. The image is made in Microsoft Paint and the cards used were based on the SVG Playing Cards.", "Screenshot from the title of Battle for Wesnoth 0.6 french", "This is a screenshot of the ZX81 game \"The Quest for the Golden Egg\". I wrote the game myself, under the pseudonym \"Digital Prawn\". It was entered into the CSSCGC 2007 competition."], "qid": "T2_games_93cf5c98dff5", "question": {"media": "7f3999948bf007fb.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"7f3999948bf007fb.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "7f3999948bf007fb"}
+{"answer": "Screenshot of Battle for Wesnoth : Campaign \"Under the Burning Suns\".", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "games", "dossier": "1295b3d45ae4ceea", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Screenshot from computer game «Cossacks 3»", "Screenshot from the Atari 2600 game Thrust by Thomas Jentzsch", "This screenshot shows a Han administrative headquarters in the Tarim Basin game mode \"skirmish\" in 0 A.D. Alpha 26.", "Screenshot of Battle for Wesnoth : Campaign \"Under the Burning Suns\"."], "qid": "T2_games_b8cab1f74567", "question": {"media": "1295b3d45ae4ceea.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"1295b3d45ae4ceea.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "1295b3d45ae4ceea"}
+{"answer": "Screenshot of Getting Over It with Bennett Foddy (2017 video game)", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "games", "dossier": "1ef6f802e8fa4fbb", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Animated GIF of miniboss fight scene in Broforce video game", "Animated gameplay from indie video game Alto's Adventure", "Screenshot of Getting Over It with Bennett Foddy (2017 video game)", "JPG version of PNG screenshot from Ridiculous Fishing, for better compression within article"], "qid": "T2_games_26db778e570a", "question": {"media": "1ef6f802e8fa4fbb.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"1ef6f802e8fa4fbb.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "1ef6f802e8fa4fbb"}
+{"answer": "Screenshot of the freeware video game Mu-cade", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "games", "dossier": "2f388d55a00ab049", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Screenshot of video game flotilla (2010) by Blendo Games", "Screenshot of Battle for Wesnoth : Campaign \"Under the Burning Suns\".", "These cutscenes will probably be redone within the next couple of versions.", "Screenshot of the freeware video game Mu-cade"], "qid": "T2_games_5616a606050f", "question": {"media": "2f388d55a00ab049.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"2f388d55a00ab049.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "2f388d55a00ab049"}
+{"answer": "Secrets of Rætikon animated screenshot, by Broken Rules (game developer)", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "games", "dossier": "800adf9910911a40", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Screenshot of Getting Over It with Bennett Foddy (2017 video game)", "Screenshot from the video game Fantastic Contraption", "Secrets of Rætikon animated screenshot, by Broken Rules (game developer)", "JPG version of PNG screenshot from Ridiculous Fishing, for better compression within article"], "qid": "T2_games_d8d716fd12b9", "question": {"media": "800adf9910911a40.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"800adf9910911a40.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "800adf9910911a40"}
+{"answer": "Square Block Textures. A sheet of 20 block textures, 16 large (16x16 pixels), and 4 small (8x8 pixels). I provided 9 color samples with 2 variations per color for foreground/background use. A sample mockup is also included. The color palette is a work in progress so you may find it helpful to adjust the colors to suit your needs.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "games", "dossier": "a6c470b31cfe91f7", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Blood moon. couldnt get the leaves right so did something else", "Square Block Textures. A sheet of 20 block textures, 16 large (16x16 pixels), and 4 small (8x8 pixels). I provided 9 color samples with 2 variations per color for foreground/background use. A sample mockup is also included. The color palette is a work in progress so you may find it helpful to adjust the colors to suit your needs.", "Two grass tilesets. This is 10 32x32 tiles. You can use it as you want.", "10 Spaceships. spaceship 3 Tier have mirrored number on it. I am too lazy to fix this )"], "qid": "T2_games_534a720e22b2", "question": {"media": "a6c470b31cfe91f7.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"a6c470b31cfe91f7.png\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "a6c470b31cfe91f7"}
+{"answer": "The easy tileset for the Gnome games version of mahjong", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "games", "dossier": "fa32e2220a4310f4", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Screenshot of Nexuiz - A fast paced online first person shooter. Screenshot taken by Tyler \"-z-\" Mulligan", "A screenshot from the computer game „The Whispered World“.", "The easy tileset for the Gnome games version of mahjong", "Image is of a screenshot from Kings' Crusade, a NeocoreGames video game."], "qid": "T2_games_d67dcfe0ea90", "question": {"media": "fa32e2220a4310f4.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"fa32e2220a4310f4.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "fa32e2220a4310f4"}
+{"answer": "This image is a screenshot of the solitaire game \"La Belle Lucie\". More information about this game or this photo can be found on this website: http://www.tesseractmobile.com/", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "games", "dossier": "00e5334d001542a3", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This image is a screenshot of the solitaire game \"Seahaven Towers\". More information about this game or this photo can be found on this website: http://www.tesseractmobile.com/", "This image is a screenshot of the solitaire game \"Picture Gallery\".", "This image is a screenshot of the solitaire game \"Monte Carlo\". More information about this game or this photo can be found on this website: http://www.tesseractmobile.com/", "This image is a screenshot of the solitaire game \"La Belle Lucie\". More information about this game or this photo can be found on this website: http://www.tesseractmobile.com/"], "qid": "T2_games_03291bda05be", "question": {"media": "00e5334d001542a3.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"00e5334d001542a3.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "00e5334d001542a3"}
+{"answer": "This is a screenshot of the ZX81 game \"The Quest for the Golden Egg\". I wrote the game myself, under the pseudonym \"Digital Prawn\". It was entered into the CSSCGC 2007 competition.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "games", "dossier": "b452a20dc5983027", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["A DOS Game. You carry people into your ship", "This is a screenshot of the ZX81 game \"The Quest for the Golden Egg\". I wrote the game myself, under the pseudonym \"Digital Prawn\". It was entered into the CSSCGC 2007 competition.", "OpenTTD 1 5. A Broken Truck in Shadow Mode.", "Screenshot from computer game «Cossacks 3»"], "qid": "T2_games_7c1b0e5941ce", "question": {"media": "b452a20dc5983027.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"b452a20dc5983027.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "b452a20dc5983027"}
+{"answer": "This is the discovery of another room in the dungeon.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "games", "dossier": "9fc07786ca7b67f0", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The player explores more of the dungeon.", "Another end of path; this might be another secret door.", "The door resists, but the player can try again to open it.", "This is the discovery of another room in the dungeon."], "qid": "T2_games_a46a923ddd35", "question": {"media": "9fc07786ca7b67f0.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"9fc07786ca7b67f0.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "9fc07786ca7b67f0"}
+{"answer": "Two grass tilesets. This is 10 32x32 tiles. You can use it as you want.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "games", "dossier": "2921da1ef3b0e43b", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["10 Spaceships. spaceship 3 Tier have mirrored number on it. I am too lazy to fix this )", "Bloody Wall. Some kind of brick or stone wall with blood splats on it. Made for some kind of zombie invasion game.", "Side robot with a gun. Just some art I made for Pixelator showcase. Source is in Animate, the pixelated versions are made using http://pixelatorapp.com/. Use it for whatever, but if you do credit will be appreciated (but not mandatory) :)", "Two grass tilesets. This is 10 32x32 tiles. You can use it as you want."], "qid": "T2_games_d2345d09ff4e", "question": {"media": "2921da1ef3b0e43b.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"2921da1ef3b0e43b.png\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "2921da1ef3b0e43b"}
+{"answer": "Zeno Clash II screenshot. Released in 2013, the game was developed by ACE Team and is powered by Unreal Engine 3.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "games", "dossier": "d2e93f5905dd0eda", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Zeno Clash II screenshot. Released in 2013, the game was developed by ACE Team and is powered by Unreal Engine 3.", "Rock of Ages screenshot, developed by ACE Team and released in 2011. This screenshot draws from Romanticism. The game is built on Unreal Engine 3.", "Blade Symphony screenshot showing a multiplayer battle. Released in 2014, the game was developed by Puny Human and is powered by the Source engine.", "Armello screenshot. Released in 2015, the game was developed by League of Geeks and is powered by Unity."], "qid": "T2_games_207683a6caf3", "question": {"media": "d2e93f5905dd0eda.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"d2e93f5905dd0eda.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "d2e93f5905dd0eda"}
+{"answer": "this is a screenshot from Metanet Software Inc's windows/mac/linux game, N. It was taken by Mare Sheppard (of Metanet). More info on the game can be found here: https://www.metanetsoftware.com or http://www.harveycartel.org/metanet", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "games", "dossier": "93d933b0ce2b94de", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["this is a screenshot from Metanet Software Inc's windows/mac/linux game, N. It was taken by Mare Sheppard (of Metanet). More info on the game can be found here: https://www.metanetsoftware.com or http://www.harveycartel.org/metanet", "Game situation in a game of Score 4. Screenshot from a Java Applet written by Mussklprozz.", "Tux, Boris, Sammy and Neva, the characters of Tux Racer", "Screenshot \"RequestingAFlyby\" for Toy Soldiers: Cold War video game"], "qid": "T2_games_c70efb4ff9d5", "question": {"media": "93d933b0ce2b94de.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"93d933b0ce2b94de.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "93d933b0ce2b94de"}
diff --git a/release/gold/T2/healthcare.jsonl b/release/gold/T2/healthcare.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..964c4e8b96795942040194f58aa249e73462ea4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/gold/T2/healthcare.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{"answer": "At a magnification of 267X, this photomicrograph shows an unidentified Gomori-stained tissue specimen harvested from a patient diagnosed with actinomycosis, caused by the bacterium Streptomyces somaliensis. This close-up view of a chronic inflammatory sulfur granule reveals numerous filamentous S. somaliensis mycelia.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "3ae279fd1d70561a", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This historic photograph, believed to have been captured in 1977, depicts the first Centers for Disease Control (CDC) observance of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s birthday. Presenters are seated on stage before the audience, while former Georgia State Representative Henrietta Canty speaks at the podium during the tribute to Dr. King.", "Under a magnification of 117X, four-times greater than PHIL 10112, this scanning electron microscopic (SEM) image depicted some of the surface details found on one of the four wings on this unidentified hornet discovered in the suburbs of Decatur, Georgia. In this particular view, you’ll note that the wing’s surface is coated with what appears to be numerous hairs, which are known as setae. These setae are composed of the material known as chitin, as is its exoskeleton.", "When renovating a home, you should use a damp sponge or cloth to clean dust collected on a window sill, as the dust may contain asbestos or lead-based paint. Home maintenance is an ongoing process for any homeowner, and here we see an African-American man as he was preparing a window in his home for a general cleaning, while wearing his complement of personal protective equipment (PPE) including gloves, breathing mask, and goggles.", "At a magnification of 267X, this photomicrograph shows an unidentified Gomori-stained tissue specimen harvested from a patient diagnosed with actinomycosis, caused by the bacterium Streptomyces somaliensis. This close-up view of a chronic inflammatory sulfur granule reveals numerous filamentous S. somaliensis mycelia."], "qid": "T2_healthcare_9daa97fc631f", "question": {"media": "3ae279fd1d70561a.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"3ae279fd1d70561a.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "3ae279fd1d70561a"}
+{"answer": "Captured in 1961, this historic image depicts two public health field technicians crouched at far right in tall grass within a plague study area near San Francisco, California.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "695df8bf098646ba", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Under a magnification of 60X, this photograph depicts a group of mosquito eggs deposited by a female Aedes triseriatus mosquito upon velour paper ovipaddle. Preferential oviposition substrates can be manipulated, influencing where a female mosquito will decide to deposit her eggs. In this case, the egg mass was deposited on a velour paper surface, rather than on a substrate more readily available in her natural environmental habitat.", "Captured in 1961, this historic image depicts two public health field technicians crouched at far right in tall grass within a plague study area near San Francisco, California.", "During Pakistan’s 2014 polio outbreak vaccination campaign, this image was captured, depicting Dr. Sohail Ahmed, a Pakistani Field Epidemiology Training Program (FETP) graduate, checking children for a finger ink mark, indicating that they had received their requisite polio vaccination. The FETP trains workers on the ground to help countries build sustainable capacity for detecting and responding to health threats. The program develops in-country expertise, so that disease outbreaks can be detected locally, and prevented from spreading.", "Under a low-power magnification of 5X of a digital Keyence scope, this photograph depicts the colonial growth displayed by Sterne strain members of the Gram-positive bacterium, Bacillus anthracis, which were cultured on phenylethyl alcohol agar (PEA) medium, for a 24-hour time period, at a temperature of 37°C."], "qid": "T2_healthcare_2db6e185a969", "question": {"media": "695df8bf098646ba.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"695df8bf098646ba.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "695df8bf098646ba"}
+{"answer": "Captured in 1980, this image depicts a properly lit dissecting microscope, used to examine bacterial colonies grown on laboratory culture media. The dissecting microscope is used during the close study, and fine dissection of small organisms, or subjects too large, thick or opaque, to be viewable under a compound microscope’s optics.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "6e03b01c7891d686", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Captured in 1980, this image depicts a properly lit dissecting microscope, used to examine bacterial colonies grown on laboratory culture media. The dissecting microscope is used during the close study, and fine dissection of small organisms, or subjects too large, thick or opaque, to be viewable under a compound microscope’s optics.", "This 1975 photograph depicted World Health Organization (WHO) epidemiologist, Dr. Hari Mehta, collecting the lesion scabs from the legs of a suspected smallpox sufferer, which would then be sent to a laboratory for a diagnostic confirmation.", "Produced by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), this digitally colorized scanning electron microscopic (SEM) image depicts a number of yellow-colored, Yersinia pestis bacteria, that had gathered on the proventricular spines of a Xenopsylla cheopis flea. These spines line the interior of the proventriculus, a part of the flea’s digestive system. The Y. pestis bacterium is the pathogen that causes bubonic plague.", "Depicted in this 1965 image, was a scene captured on the streets of San Antonio, Texas, showing how the metal cans on the feet of this red vending machine could act as mosquito breeding sites, through their ability to contain water, into which female mosquitoes could lay their eggs."], "qid": "T2_healthcare_3fa524fb6b91", "question": {"media": "6e03b01c7891d686.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"6e03b01c7891d686.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "6e03b01c7891d686"}
+{"answer": "In this 1976 photograph, Dr. Gary Noble was drawing blood to be tested for its A/New Jersey/76 (Hsw1N1) swine influenza A virus antibody concentrations. Blood tests are extremely important, as tools in a public health practitioner’s scientific arsenal, when preventing the epidemiologic spread of communicable diseases throughout the world .", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "a6d1aa86baa3fc9b", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["At a magnification of 2000X, this scanning electron microscopic (SEM) image of an untreated water specimen extracted from a wild stream, which is mainly used to control flooding during inclement weather, revealed the presence of unidentified organisms, which included bacteria, protozoa, and algae. In this particular image, an expanding amorphous organic biofilm was featured, within which numbers of amoeboid protozoa and bacilli bacteria, seemed to be embedded. For a colorized version of this image, see PHIL 11714.", "Captured in a metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia primary school, this photograph depicts a group of school children, who were engaged in the creative process, each having been asked to draw a picture. In the foreground, three boys were discussing what each would design, and were consulting a book referencing various fantasy figures, before beginning each of their projects. It is important to know that objects, including pencils, crayons, paper, etc., are known as fomites, and can act as transmitters of illnesses. Viruses and bacteria are able to remain alive on their surfaces after being handled by an ill child, who can then inadvertently transfer these germs to another child, who subsequently handles these schoolroom articles.", "This Giemsa-stained, thin film blood smear photomicrograph reveals the presence of a mature, Plasmodium ovale trophozoite.", "In this 1976 photograph, Dr. Gary Noble was drawing blood to be tested for its A/New Jersey/76 (Hsw1N1) swine influenza A virus antibody concentrations. Blood tests are extremely important, as tools in a public health practitioner’s scientific arsenal, when preventing the epidemiologic spread of communicable diseases throughout the world ."], "qid": "T2_healthcare_6114440801a8", "question": {"media": "a6d1aa86baa3fc9b.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"a6d1aa86baa3fc9b.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "a6d1aa86baa3fc9b"}
+{"answer": "Photographed from the front, this Petri dish culture plate had given rise to a single, large colony of the dermatophytic fungus, Microsporum gypseum. This colony exhibited a folded central region, and a powdery surface texture.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "0ae41392e808d7a3", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This photomicrograph reveals some of the ultrastructural morphology exhibited by the fungal organism, Fusarium verticillioides, which included filamentous hyphae, and conidiophores topped by clusters of elongated, elliptical conidia. F. verticillioides has been to be a cause of fatal toxicoses of horses and swine, but its effect on humans is unclear.", "While in a daycare setting, this young boy was playing with a small wooden train set, pushing the little train cars along the grooved wooden track. It is very important for daycare, and school personnel to practice stringent handwashing technique as often as possible, and to include the children in this practice, when appropriate. By doing so, this activity can affect a reduction in the possibility of transferring pathogens between school/daycare attendees.", "Photographed from the front, this Petri dish culture plate had given rise to a single, large colony of the dermatophytic fungus, Microsporum gypseum. This colony exhibited a folded central region, and a powdery surface texture.", "This 1967 historic image depicts a long line of Nigerian townspeople awaiting their smallpox vaccinations during the Smallpox Eradication Campaign, which had taken place in that country, and throughout the World. In the foreground, a nurse can be seen calibrating a Ped-O-Jet® pneumatic injector, to be used as the delivery device to administer the requisite smallpox vaccine."], "qid": "T2_healthcare_6345b1a27858", "question": {"media": "0ae41392e808d7a3.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"0ae41392e808d7a3.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "0ae41392e808d7a3"}
+{"answer": "The man depicted here, was in the process of entering a building on one of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) campuses. He was seated in a wheelchair, and had triggered the mechanized doors to open, by using an easily accessible push button door switch pad.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "64516a9a001775e4", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Under a magnification of 500X, this photomicrograph Gömöri-stained tissue sample, revealed some of the ultrastructural morphology displayed by a mycetoma caused by an Acremonium sp. fungal organism.", "This historic 1965 image, depicts a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) scientist, who was using a microscope to photographically document observations, while examining a flea, Xenopsylla cheopis, during a plague study.", "The man depicted here, was in the process of entering a building on one of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) campuses. He was seated in a wheelchair, and had triggered the mechanized doors to open, by using an easily accessible push button door switch pad.", "This 1962 photograph depicted a hospitalized, bedridden female smallpox patient in Cardiff, Wales during an epidemic. The centrifugally distributed, maculopapular lesions were termed benign discrete variola, and were photographed here on the 10th day post-onset. The facial lesions were mature in nature."], "qid": "T2_healthcare_c91e0c7b5026", "question": {"media": "64516a9a001775e4.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"64516a9a001775e4.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "64516a9a001775e4"}
+{"answer": "This 1981 digitally-colorized transmission electron microscopic (TEM) image revealed some of the ultrastructural morphology of a number of intact rotavirus, double-shelled particles. See PHIL 273 for a black and white version of this image. The speckled appearance of each capsid is due to the presence of numerous molecular spikes that emanate from the capsid surface of each virion.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "72ee2c8e2f5e0866", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Captured during a visit by a Pakistani dignitary to the Communicable Disease Center (CDC), this historic image from December 5th, 1957, depicted a group portrait. Standing left to right was entomologist Mr. Kent S. Littig, the visiting former senior Pakistan Army medical officer, Dr. Taquid Deen Ahmad, and Training Officer, In Charge, Mr. Joseph E. Borches.", "This 1981 digitally-colorized transmission electron microscopic (TEM) image revealed some of the ultrastructural morphology of a number of intact rotavirus, double-shelled particles. See PHIL 273 for a black and white version of this image. The speckled appearance of each capsid is due to the presence of numerous molecular spikes that emanate from the capsid surface of each virion.", "This is a zip lock Bio-Bag™ (Type B) Environmental Chamber, formerly manufactured by Marion Scientific Corporation, and was more commonly called an anaerobic transporter. Bio-Bag™ (Type B) was a disposable environmental system designed to internally generate and maintain a CO2-enriched environment.", "This 1964 image, captured by the creator of the renown Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS), Dr. Alex Langmuir, depicts what was a common method of rice storage in Gujarat, India villages. EIS officers from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), visited India in 1964, during a smallpox outbreak. Largely through the effort of the CDC, and partners including India, the worldwide eradication of smallpox was achieved. In 1980 the WHO declared the global eradication of smallpox due to a worldwide vaccination campaign. The WHO then recommended that all countries cease vaccination."], "qid": "T2_healthcare_038498df163a", "question": {"media": "72ee2c8e2f5e0866.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"72ee2c8e2f5e0866.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "72ee2c8e2f5e0866"}
+{"answer": "This 1981 photograph depicted two laboratorians, who were preparing quality control materials to be used in neonatal hyperthyroid screening. To diagnose hyperactivity of the thyroid gland, a blood test is used to measure the level of thyroid hormones in the blood, including thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4).", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "f6513c9571f290c2", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This historic photograph depicts a public health field worker collecting and analyzing mosquito larvae during an unidentified entomological study. The man is using a handheld magnification loupe to obtain a closer view of each captured larva.", "This historic image, from the 1950s to 1960s, depicted three miners in the subterranean confines of a submarine, St. Jonn Canadian, iron ore mine, using a mechanized loader. This device would excavate ore from the mine walls, and run the raw material up a conveyor belt, dumping it from the end into a coal bin rail car. In this fashion, the ore would be transported up, and out of the mine to the surface. The foreground miners wore no protective filtered breathing devices, or any protective eyewear. Due to the presence of airborne coal dust in the small confines of a mine, miners are predisposed to the long-term negative health effects of this profession including black lung disease, or coal-workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP). Today, the Federal government’s stringent regulations on the level of coal dust permissible in the air of a coalmine, and the requisite use of filtered breathing devices, has dramatically lowered the number of cases of black lung disease.", "This historic 1963 photograph depicts Centers for Disease Control (CDC) official Charles C. Shepard, MD, and a laboratory assistant harvesting footpad samples infected with Mycobacterium leprae during a leprosy study. Dr. Shepard was internationally recognized for his work in leprosy and Legionnaires’ disease research and served as chief of the CDC’s Leprosy and Rickettsial Branch for more than 30 years. A leading expert on leprosy, he succeeded in 1960 in cultivating Mycobacterium leprae in laboratory animals, a breakthrough that enabled more rapid testing of potential treatments and preventive measures. In 1977, Shepard was also one of two CDC researchers who isolated the bacterium responsible for Legionnaires’ disease, Legionella pneumophila.", "This 1981 photograph depicted two laboratorians, who were preparing quality control materials to be used in neonatal hyperthyroid screening. To diagnose hyperactivity of the thyroid gland, a blood test is used to measure the level of thyroid hormones in the blood, including thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4)."], "qid": "T2_healthcare_c7206bbe2875", "question": {"media": "f6513c9571f290c2.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"f6513c9571f290c2.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "f6513c9571f290c2"}
+{"answer": "This historic photograph, captured in the late 1960s, depicts a mother holding her young child, who exhibits the characteristic maculopapular rash associated with smallpox infection. The image was recorded on the fourth day of the child’s rash. The scene took place in an unspecified area of the town of Fria in the West African country of Guinea.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "ac2a03b0806eb06e", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This historic image depicted a laboratory technician, who was seated at her desk inside the laboratory, while using a monocular microscope as she was studying an unidentified microscope slide.", "This photomicrograph of an unstained specimen, reveals some of the ultrastructural details exhibited by a Mesocestoides sp. tapeworm proglottid.", "This historic photograph, captured in the late 1960s, depicts a mother holding her young child, who exhibits the characteristic maculopapular rash associated with smallpox infection. The image was recorded on the fourth day of the child’s rash. The scene took place in an unspecified area of the town of Fria in the West African country of Guinea.", "This African-American man was in the process of damp-mopping his home’s entrance way. In this way airborne particulates including dust and pollen, could be removed from the inside of his home, thereby, reducing the detrimental effects these substances have upon the respiratory system of his family members. These irritants can sometimes result in sinus infections, and asthma. As was the case here, when cleaning, or when involved in activities that result in propagation of airborne irritants, personal protective equipment should be worn, including a facial respirator, goggles, gloves, and if need be, knee pads, as well as clothing appropriate for the activity. Also using a damp dusting, or mopping technique, reduces airborne particulates. These activities should, if possible, be conducted in a well-ventilated area."], "qid": "T2_healthcare_ae9022aefb24", "question": {"media": "ac2a03b0806eb06e.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"ac2a03b0806eb06e.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "ac2a03b0806eb06e"}
+{"answer": "This historic photograph, depicts from left to right, Bill Griggs, Louise Griggs and, former Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Director, William H. Foege, MD, MPH, who held that position from 1977 – 1983. He was an Epidemic Intelligence Service, (EIS) Class of 1962 graduate, as well as the Director of the Global Smallpox Eradication Program from 1970 until 1973, and integral in formulating the strategies for eradicating smallpox from the world's population.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "327e554030824b2f", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Under a magnification of 200X, this photomicrograph revealed the presence of a cleistothecium, of the dermatophytic fungal organism, Gymnoascus dankaliensis, formerly known as Arachniotus flavoluteus, strain O-483.", "This illustration depicts a dorsal view of a spider, a representative member of the class, Arachnida, and the order Araneae, highlighting some of the anatomic features exhibited by these arthropods. Anatomic features displayed by spiders, include a structure that acts as an attachment, or bridge between the arachnid’s cephalothorax and abdominal regions, known as a pedicel, or stalk.", "This photomicrograph shows morphological features of an exsheathed second-stage microfilaria.", "This historic photograph, depicts from left to right, Bill Griggs, Louise Griggs and, former Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Director, William H. Foege, MD, MPH, who held that position from 1977 – 1983. He was an Epidemic Intelligence Service, (EIS) Class of 1962 graduate, as well as the Director of the Global Smallpox Eradication Program from 1970 until 1973, and integral in formulating the strategies for eradicating smallpox from the world's population."], "qid": "T2_healthcare_a957878cdb10", "question": {"media": "327e554030824b2f.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"327e554030824b2f.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "327e554030824b2f"}
+{"answer": "This image depicted a patient’s right foot, as he pulled apart his toes, in order to reveal the interdigital web space, which exhibited a scaly, thickened skin, caused by a dermatophytic fungal infection due to the organism, Trichophyton rubrum. This image was captured before any treatment regime had been implemented.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "e6b62a4458aeffc2", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This photomicrograph shows morphological features of an exsheathed second-stage microfilaria.", "This image depicts a right dorsal-oblique view of a puss caterpillar, Megalopyge opercularis, which is an urticating, or hive-producing caterpillar, able to inflict an inflamed rash upon the skin upon contact. Urticating caterpillars produce an irritating urticaria on the human skin when fluid, which is contained within hair-like spines, comes into contact with the skin when one brushes up against these creatures. These caterpillars are actually moth larvae. See PHIL 6303 for a closer view of this species of caterpillar.", "This image depicted a patient’s right foot, as he pulled apart his toes, in order to reveal the interdigital web space, which exhibited a scaly, thickened skin, caused by a dermatophytic fungal infection due to the organism, Trichophyton rubrum. This image was captured before any treatment regime had been implemented.", "This image, depicting a close view of a chimpanzee’s skin surface, revealed pathologic changes that included thickening of the epidermis, scaliness, and drying of the skin, known as acanthosis. This condition was determined to be a case of pinta, due to the bacterium, Treponema carateum."], "qid": "T2_healthcare_429ac12267d5", "question": {"media": "e6b62a4458aeffc2.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"e6b62a4458aeffc2.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "e6b62a4458aeffc2"}
+{"answer": "This image depicted three right forearms, each having received an intracutaneous injection of dirofilaria antigen, prepared from Dirofilaria immitis, and producing the reactions at the site of each wheal. If an erythematous reaction is observed at the reaction site, then a positive result would be indicated.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "547b6edcce462690", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Captured in 1975, this image was part of a slideshow that was used to familiarize public health inspectors with the unsanitary conditions commonly found inside migrant worker camps. This particular photograph depicted the accumulation of wastewater on the grounds of this migrant camp. Inspectors need to be aware of wastewater disposal from sources other than sewage including kitchens, showers, laundries, etc. They must be alert to signs that the septic system has failed, as was shown in this photograph.", "This image depicted three right forearms, each having received an intracutaneous injection of dirofilaria antigen, prepared from Dirofilaria immitis, and producing the reactions at the site of each wheal. If an erythematous reaction is observed at the reaction site, then a positive result would be indicated.", "Depicted in this 1965 image, was a scene captured on the streets of San Antonio, Texas, showing how the metal cans on the feet of this red vending machine could act as mosquito breeding sites, through their ability to contain water, into which female mosquitoes could lay their eggs.", "Under a magnification of 607X, this scanning electron microscopic (SEM) image revealed some of the morphologic features located upon the surface of one of the two antennae used by an unidentified 1/4\"-sized black flying insect with a small red mark on its dorsum. This organ is able to detect changes in the organism’s environment including wind speed and direction, chemical queues, and variations in temperature. The antenna is composed of three main regions: scape, pedicle, and flagellum. The scape attaches the sensory organ to the head region, and the pedicle joins the distal, jointed flagellum to the scape, at the joint you see here."], "qid": "T2_healthcare_a32f50b47f8a", "question": {"media": "547b6edcce462690.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"547b6edcce462690.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "547b6edcce462690"}
+{"answer": "This image depicts Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) intern, Maureen Metcalfe, as she was using one of the agency’s transmission electron microscopes (TEM). The microscope’s screen was showing a thin section of the variola virus, revealing some of the ultrastructural features displayed by this pathogenic organism, which is the cause of smallpox.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "6b5fe0422ca4759e", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This image depicts Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) intern, Maureen Metcalfe, as she was using one of the agency’s transmission electron microscopes (TEM). The microscope’s screen was showing a thin section of the variola virus, revealing some of the ultrastructural features displayed by this pathogenic organism, which is the cause of smallpox.", "This Giemsa-stained, thick film blood smear photomicrograph reveals the presence of an immature, Plasmodium vivax trophozoite (Cntr) .", "This image shows a medial view of the right arm of a 12-year-old female patient, highlighting bony deformities resulting from the genetic disorder melorheostosis, a condition characterized by abnormal cortical bone growth along existing bone. See PHIL 24322 for another view of this patient’s right arm.", "Working in the confines of a ventilated hood, and wearing a blue colored protective bio-hazard suit, this 2014 image depicted Centers for Disease Control and prevention (CDC) microbiologist, Tatiana Travis, as she was in the process of preparing a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test in order to detect drug resistant pathogens. In her right hand she held a mechanized pipette containing a blue solution that she was pipetting into a 96-well plate, which she held in her left hand."], "qid": "T2_healthcare_6915a293403a", "question": {"media": "6b5fe0422ca4759e.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"6b5fe0422ca4759e.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "6b5fe0422ca4759e"}
+{"answer": "This image depicts a close view of a patient’s left palm, revealing the presence an erythematous, blotchy red rash, exhibiting round lesions that had begun to coalesce on the palmar surfaces, including the ventral surface of the fingers. A diagnosis of erythema multiforme was made after a differential study was conducted.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "5fb375a8df330d32", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This image depicts a close view of a patient’s left palm, revealing the presence an erythematous, blotchy red rash, exhibiting round lesions that had begun to coalesce on the palmar surfaces, including the ventral surface of the fingers. A diagnosis of erythema multiforme was made after a differential study was conducted.", "Magnified 119X, this scanning electron microscopic (SEM) image revealed some of the ultrastructural details of one of the very small flower buds clustered in the center of a white flowering dogwood blossom, Cornus florida. Due to the extremely small size of the centrally located clustered flowers, the larger colored bracts, that are actually modified leaves, which protect the flowers themselves, are also mistaken for flower petals. If you look carefully, you'll notice that the small flower petals come together in a confluence at the bud’s tip, and will burst open at this point when the flower blossoms.", "This Petri dish culture plate contained an unknown growth medium, upon which grew a single colony of the dermatophytic fungal organism, Microsporum canis. This was a typical strain, which gave rise to a wooly textured colony. See PHIL 15472, for a microscopic view of the M. canis microorganism, and 15473, for a view of an atypical variant, which exhibited a glabrous, smooth colonial morphology.", "This 1975 photograph depicted a typical Bangladeshi rural village with its walking path, thatched roofed houses, and pond. This image was part of a series provided by former Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) Officer, Stanley O. Foster, MD, MPH, and captured by Pierre Claquin, MD, BAC, who at the time was a member of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Smallpox Eradication Program. The photographic montage entitled, “The Story of One Smallpox Jeep”, which depicted the travails faced by the Jeep, and its occupants of public health practitioners, as they road through the Bangladesh countryside in an attempt to eradicate smallpox from the country."], "qid": "T2_healthcare_d7760dd7922b", "question": {"media": "5fb375a8df330d32.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"5fb375a8df330d32.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "5fb375a8df330d32"}
+{"answer": "This image depicts a convoy of U.S. Marines, who had been transported by the USS Bataan to Haiti in order to provide security to responders during Operation Unified Response, responding to the Haitian earthquake disaster in January 2010. The USS Bataan and her crew set out to provide disaster relief support to Operation Unified Response (OUR), after a magnitude 7.0 earthquake devastated the island nation. Bataan’s Navy/Marine Corps Team, established nine landing zones to facilitate aid distribution, ultimately moving more than 1,000 pallets of relief supplies ashore and treating close to 1,000 Haitians both aboard Bataan in the ship’s medical facility, and working side-by-side local and volunteer physicians at clinics throughout Haiti.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "017e15527ff96370", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This 1975 image depicted what had been an example of a poorly maintained kitchen range ventilation hood, which as you can see, was found to be greasy, creating a possible fire hazard. During a facility’s health inspection, all aspects of food preparation are observed, including the kitchen’s ventilation system, which over time can become clogged with grease, preventing proper airflow, and harbor pathogens that can then contaminate food. This image was used as part of a series, the purpose of which was to familiarize public health inspectors with proper food hygiene sanitation practices, and the myriad of food storage conditions found in migrant worker camps.", "This image depicts a convoy of U.S. Marines, who had been transported by the USS Bataan to Haiti in order to provide security to responders during Operation Unified Response, responding to the Haitian earthquake disaster in January 2010. The USS Bataan and her crew set out to provide disaster relief support to Operation Unified Response (OUR), after a magnitude 7.0 earthquake devastated the island nation. Bataan’s Navy/Marine Corps Team, established nine landing zones to facilitate aid distribution, ultimately moving more than 1,000 pallets of relief supplies ashore and treating close to 1,000 Haitians both aboard Bataan in the ship’s medical facility, and working side-by-side local and volunteer physicians at clinics throughout Haiti.", "This 1981 photograph depicted two laboratorians, who were preparing quality control materials to be used in neonatal hyperthyroid screening. To diagnose hyperactivity of the thyroid gland, a blood test is used to measure the level of thyroid hormones in the blood, including thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4).", "Viewed from the front, this hair-soil culture plate had been inoculated with the fungal organism, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, which had resulted in the production of these abortive cleistothecia."], "qid": "T2_healthcare_210ea7a5d746", "question": {"media": "017e15527ff96370.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"017e15527ff96370.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "017e15527ff96370"}
+{"answer": "This image shows a Petri dish culture plate containing potato dextrose agar inoculated with the fungal organism Pseudallescheria boydii (formerly Petriellidium boydii and Allescheria boydii). The colony exhibits a woolly, off-white surface that typically darkens to gray to smoky brown with age.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "2795c4b3a765cbad", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This image depicted three right forearms, each having received an intracutaneous injection of dirofilaria antigen, prepared from Dirofilaria immitis, and producing the reactions at the site of each wheal. If an erythematous reaction is observed at the reaction site, then a positive result would be indicated.", "This historic photograph, captured in the late 1960s, depicts a mother holding her young child, who exhibits the characteristic maculopapular rash associated with smallpox infection. The image was recorded on the fourth day of the child’s rash. The scene took place in an unspecified area of the town of Fria in the West African country of Guinea.", "This image shows a Petri dish culture plate containing potato dextrose agar inoculated with the fungal organism Pseudallescheria boydii (formerly Petriellidium boydii and Allescheria boydii). The colony exhibits a woolly, off-white surface that typically darkens to gray to smoky brown with age.", "This photomicrograph reveals some of the ultrastructural morphology exhibited by the fungal organism, Fusarium verticillioides, which included filamentous hyphae, and conidiophores topped by clusters of elongated, elliptical conidia. F. verticillioides has been to be a cause of fatal toxicoses of horses and swine, but its effect on humans is unclear."], "qid": "T2_healthcare_268d06457fb6", "question": {"media": "2795c4b3a765cbad.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"2795c4b3a765cbad.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "2795c4b3a765cbad"}
+{"answer": "This image shows a newborn infant presenting with an embryonal sarcomatous lesion of the right hand. The patient’s axillary lymph nodes tested positive for involvement. The infant underwent an above-elbow amputation followed by treatment with chemotherapeutic agents. At a 2.5-year follow-up, the child was doing well and was considered cured.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "aa51b8b0033aea7e", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This image shows a newborn infant presenting with an embryonal sarcomatous lesion of the right hand. The patient’s axillary lymph nodes tested positive for involvement. The infant underwent an above-elbow amputation followed by treatment with chemotherapeutic agents. At a 2.5-year follow-up, the child was doing well and was considered cured.", "This 1978 photograph depicts a Lockheed C-121D Super Constellation aircraft, used in the dispersal of ultra-low volume (ULV) malathion insecticidal fog, in order to control populations of potential insect disease vectors. This C-121D was having its engines maintained prior to being flown over Puerto Rico. The use of spray planes, and even helicopters, is an excellent way in which an insecticidal fog may be dispersed over, and in close proximity to insect-vector habitats that the insecticide must cover, and with which it must remain in contact in order to kill, or ward off such arboviral hosts.", "This image depicted a frontal view of a Petri dish culture plate, which contained an unidentified growth medium that had been inoculated with the fungal organism Trichophyton persicolor, also referred to as Microsporum persicolor. Note the characteristic folded, cottony texture, and the white colored surface.", "Under 521X magnification, this photomicrograph of a specimen processed using an Actinomyces bovis fluorescent antibody conjugate reveals numerous fluorescent A. bovis organisms."], "qid": "T2_healthcare_83e75263e4f6", "question": {"media": "aa51b8b0033aea7e.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"aa51b8b0033aea7e.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "aa51b8b0033aea7e"}
+{"answer": "This image shows an anterior view of a patient’s face exhibiting manifestations of leprosy caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae. Note the forehead, where a coalesced reactionary macule is present, appearing as thickened skin, along with loss of the eyebrows and resorption of bone at the nasal bridge (saddle nose). See PHIL 27175 for a follow-up view demonstrating regression of the reactionary macule after a 1-year period.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "db80222f628e34d8", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This image shows an anterior view of a patient’s face exhibiting manifestations of leprosy caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae. Note the forehead, where a coalesced reactionary macule is present, appearing as thickened skin, along with loss of the eyebrows and resorption of bone at the nasal bridge (saddle nose). See PHIL 27175 for a follow-up view demonstrating regression of the reactionary macule after a 1-year period.", "Captured in 1963, this image shows instructors and attendees of a Communicable Disease Center course entitled “Course #892 – Basic Spectrophotometry,” conducted from November 18 - 22, 1963.", "This image shows a Petri dish culture plate containing potato dextrose agar inoculated with the fungal organism Pseudallescheria boydii (formerly Petriellidium boydii and Allescheria boydii). The colony exhibits a woolly, off-white surface that typically darkens to gray to smoky brown with age.", "Working in the confines of a ventilated hood, and wearing a blue colored protective bio-hazard suit, this 2014 image depicted Centers for Disease Control and prevention (CDC) microbiologist, Tatiana Travis, as she was in the process of preparing a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test in order to detect drug resistant pathogens. In her right hand she held a mechanized pipette containing a blue solution that she was pipetting into a 96-well plate, which she held in her left hand."], "qid": "T2_healthcare_c0f87a141484", "question": {"media": "db80222f628e34d8.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"db80222f628e34d8.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "db80222f628e34d8"}
+{"answer": "This image shows the lower extremities of a seated patient, with marked swelling of the left knee and lower leg consistent with mycetoma caused by the Gram-positive bacterium Actinomadura madurae.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "202d33d7628db3ae", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["These two young African-American children were playing outside in a backyard dirt pile, enjoying the fresh air, physical activity, and interacting as friends. Though it was inside a shady area, it is important to know that sunscreen should be applied on any exposed skin, and children should wear clothing appropriate for this kind of outdoor play, including sneakers, shirts, and long pants, all of which protect them from splinters, abrasions, and in this case, soil contaminants and pathogens. It’s also a good idea to have children play in groups rather than alone, not only to improve safety, but for the purpose of cultivating friendships as well.", "This image shows the lower extremities of a seated patient, with marked swelling of the left knee and lower leg consistent with mycetoma caused by the Gram-positive bacterium Actinomadura madurae.", "Under a magnification of 100X, and using phase contrast illumination, this photomicrograph of a specimen, grown on cornmeal with tween®-80 agar (CMTA), revealed numerous conidia-laden mycelia, produced by the fungal organism, Candida pseudotropicalis.", "This 1946 historical photograph was provided by the Center for Disease Control's (CDC), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Industrial workers were formulating spray-pesticides, mixing the powdered constituents into a liquid. The mixing was done in closed chambers equipped with exhaust ventilation systems. Workers were also wearing respirators and rubber gloves, preventing poisoning. The pesticide pictured was Genithion P-15, a variant of parathion. Activities like this are overseen, and regulated by NIOSH."], "qid": "T2_healthcare_c461de0dad40", "question": {"media": "202d33d7628db3ae.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"202d33d7628db3ae.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "202d33d7628db3ae"}
+{"answer": "This image was captured during a 1977 Segbwema, Sierra Leone Lassa fever investigation. In 1977, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) traveled to Sierra Leone to participate in a Lassa Fever Research Project. The study included general activities in Sierra Leone, at the Kenema Laboratory, and in the town of Segbwema.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "acd58bcd6cf51571", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This image was captured during a 1977 Segbwema, Sierra Leone Lassa fever investigation. In 1977, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) traveled to Sierra Leone to participate in a Lassa Fever Research Project. The study included general activities in Sierra Leone, at the Kenema Laboratory, and in the town of Segbwema.", "Entitled, “HIV in Uganda”, this image was captured by CDC Audio-Visual Production Specialist, Susy Mercado, with NCHM. The photo depicted a newborn in Kampala, Uganda, receiving an antiviral drug to prevent the mother-to-child transmission of HIV. This photo earned Susy the Second Place award in the 2006 CDC Connects Annual Public Health in Action Photo Contest, in the category of Programs-International.", "This image shows you an earlier educational brochure demonstrating what had been, the proper technique for collecting an acceptable blood spot specimen, from an infant’s heel. One very important change to this illustrated procedure, would reflect the implementation of proper procedural protocols, which would be the inclusion of protective gloves to be worn by the public health technician, in order to protect the technician from possible self-contamination.", "From 1970, this image depicted the buttocks and upper thighs of a 2-year-old Oregonian child, who after having received a smallpox vaccination, sustained what is termed an accidental implantation of the newly-introduced vaccinia virus. Accompanying this phenomenon, the child also developed hand, foot and mouth disease. In this particular view, you are able to see numbers of maculopapular vaccinial lesions on either buttock, as well as the infant’s upper thighs."], "qid": "T2_healthcare_a3c3ab5e5913", "question": {"media": "acd58bcd6cf51571.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"acd58bcd6cf51571.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "acd58bcd6cf51571"}
+{"answer": "This image, captured March 28, 1962, shows Chief of the Parasitology Helminthology Unit Irving G. Kagan, PhD, presenting parasitologist Lois Norman, MSPH, with her meritorious Award for Sustained Superior Performance.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "e7526c5a0c25f090", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This image, captured March 28, 1962, shows Chief of the Parasitology Helminthology Unit Irving G. Kagan, PhD, presenting parasitologist Lois Norman, MSPH, with her meritorious Award for Sustained Superior Performance.", "This image depicts a close superior view of a young boy’s head, highlighting a scalp lesion diagnosed as favus, a form of tinea capitis caused by a dermatophytic fungal organism. The erythematous lesion on the vertex of the scalp is accompanied by alopecia. See PHIL 25114, 25115, and 25117 for additional views of this child’s condition.", "When renovating a home, you should use a damp sponge or cloth to clean dust collected on a window sill, as the dust may contain asbestos or lead-based paint. Home maintenance is an ongoing process for any homeowner, and here we see an African-American man as he was preparing a window in his home for a general cleaning, while wearing his complement of personal protective equipment (PPE) including gloves, breathing mask, and goggles.", "This image was captured during a 1977 Segbwema, Sierra Leone Lassa fever investigation. In 1977, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) traveled to Sierra Leone to participate in a Lassa Fever Research Project. The study included general activities in Sierra Leone, at the Kenema Laboratory, and in the town of Segbwema."], "qid": "T2_healthcare_f7dd3ecd256e", "question": {"media": "e7526c5a0c25f090.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"e7526c5a0c25f090.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "e7526c5a0c25f090"}
+{"answer": "This is a digitally-colorized electron microscopic image of an isolate of Ebola virus. The internal structures of the filamentous particle are visible, including the nucleocapsid and other structural viral proteins, and the outer viral envelope is covered with surface projections.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "42ad7a0d328ea4b7", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["During his September 16, 2014 visit to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), former President Barack Obama was updated on the steps CDC, and the rest of our government, were taking here and abroad, to fight Ebola globally, and keep the American people safe. At this point in the gathering, standing at the podium, the President was addressing a group of CDC personnel, discussing with the audience the future efforts to be made by the United States, and the World, to combat the West African Ebola epidemic, and his sincere appreciation, for the hard work put forth by CDC staff.", "This is a digitally-colorized electron microscopic image of an isolate of Ebola virus. The internal structures of the filamentous particle are visible, including the nucleocapsid and other structural viral proteins, and the outer viral envelope is covered with surface projections.", "At a magnification of 267X, this photomicrograph shows an unidentified Gomori-stained tissue specimen harvested from a patient diagnosed with actinomycosis, caused by the bacterium Streptomyces somaliensis. This close-up view of a chronic inflammatory sulfur granule reveals numerous filamentous S. somaliensis mycelia.", "Under a magnification of 130X, and using phase contrast illumination, this photomicrograph highlighted some of the ultrastructural morphology exhibited by numbers of TOX (toxic) phase, type F, Clostridium botulinum microcolonies."], "qid": "T2_healthcare_ffa23135d20c", "question": {"media": "42ad7a0d328ea4b7.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"42ad7a0d328ea4b7.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "42ad7a0d328ea4b7"}
+{"answer": "This is a photograph depicting a resting female, Aedes aegypti adult mosquito. Ae. aegypti is also known as the yellow fever mosquito.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "33d049c0248d0e18", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This photomicrograph revealed some of the histopathologic changes exhibited in a lung tissue specimen, which had been harvested from a patient with adenocarcinoma of the lung. In this view, you are able to see that there are cancer cells that had migrated into the surrounding venules.", "Under 521X magnification, this photomicrograph of a specimen processed using an Actinomyces bovis fluorescent antibody conjugate reveals numerous fluorescent A. bovis organisms.", "During his September 16, 2014 visit to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), former President Barack Obama was updated on the steps CDC, and the rest of our government, were taking here and abroad, to fight Ebola globally, and keep the American people safe. At this point in the gathering, standing at the podium, the President was addressing a group of CDC personnel, discussing with the audience the future efforts to be made by the United States, and the World, to combat the West African Ebola epidemic, and his sincere appreciation, for the hard work put forth by CDC staff.", "This is a photograph depicting a resting female, Aedes aegypti adult mosquito. Ae. aegypti is also known as the yellow fever mosquito."], "qid": "T2_healthcare_22bae5280727", "question": {"media": "33d049c0248d0e18.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"33d049c0248d0e18.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "33d049c0248d0e18"}
+{"answer": "This is a reverse view of a Petri dish culture plate that had contained an unidentified growth medium, upon which a large colony of the dermatophytic fungus, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, had been cultivated. The specimen had been harvested from a pig isolate, strain GPG-20. The colony exhibited a characteristic yellow-colored periphery, which took on an orange hue, becoming dark-brown towards its center. See PHIL 22116, for a frontal view of this colonial growth.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "5e09139a4a4b298c", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This image depicted a man cutting a tomato, while a woman was cutting raw chicken on a different cutting board. To avoid cross-contamination of foodborne germs, use separate cutting boards for raw poultry, and ready-to-eat foods.", "This is a reverse view of a Petri dish culture plate that had contained an unidentified growth medium, upon which a large colony of the dermatophytic fungus, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, had been cultivated. The specimen had been harvested from a pig isolate, strain GPG-20. The colony exhibited a characteristic yellow-colored periphery, which took on an orange hue, becoming dark-brown towards its center. See PHIL 22116, for a frontal view of this colonial growth.", "This 1964 image, captured by the creator of the renown Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS), Dr. Alex Langmuir, depicts what was a common method of rice storage in Gujarat, India villages. EIS officers from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), visited India in 1964, during a smallpox outbreak. Largely through the effort of the CDC, and partners including India, the worldwide eradication of smallpox was achieved. In 1980 the WHO declared the global eradication of smallpox due to a worldwide vaccination campaign. The WHO then recommended that all countries cease vaccination.", "This image depicts Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) intern, Maureen Metcalfe, as she was using one of the agency’s transmission electron microscopes (TEM). The microscope’s screen was showing a thin section of the variola virus, revealing some of the ultrastructural features displayed by this pathogenic organism, which is the cause of smallpox."], "qid": "T2_healthcare_f1a5933a94ea", "question": {"media": "5e09139a4a4b298c.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"5e09139a4a4b298c.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "5e09139a4a4b298c"}
+{"answer": "This is a zip lock Bio-Bag™ (Type B) Environmental Chamber, formerly manufactured by Marion Scientific Corporation, and was more commonly called an anaerobic transporter. Bio-Bag™ (Type B) was a disposable environmental system designed to internally generate and maintain a CO2-enriched environment.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "47ae015cf079a296", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This photograph shows you the clinical appearance of a patient’s eyes in a case of trichinosis. The patient presented with periorbital swelling, muscle pain, diarrhea, and eosinophilia, or an increase in the number of eosinophils in the blood, in this case, a white blood cell count with 28% eosinophils.", "Using a Gömöri staining technique, this photomicrograph magnified 100X, depicted histopathologic findings revealed in a case of the mucocutaneous disease, protothecosis. The specimen consisted of a tissue sample that included portions of skin and mucous membrane extracted from a patient’s nasal cavity.", "This image from 1965, depicted a right lateral view of a patient’s right foot, highlighting the pathologic changes manifested in the foot’s soft tissues, due to a case of chromoblastomycosis, a fungal infection caused by a dematiaceous fungal organism, which was not identified here. For a closer view of this condition, see PHIL 23340.", "This is a zip lock Bio-Bag™ (Type B) Environmental Chamber, formerly manufactured by Marion Scientific Corporation, and was more commonly called an anaerobic transporter. Bio-Bag™ (Type B) was a disposable environmental system designed to internally generate and maintain a CO2-enriched environment."], "qid": "T2_healthcare_2ac14b605ef2", "question": {"media": "47ae015cf079a296.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"47ae015cf079a296.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "47ae015cf079a296"}
+{"answer": "This photograph depicts the colonial morphology displayed by Gram-negative, Brucella melitensis bacteria, which was grown on a medium of sheep’s blood agar (SBA), for a 72 hour time period, at a temperature of 37°C. See PHIL 12400, for B. melitensis bacteria grown on SBA at the same temperature, but for a lesser time period (48hr), and PHIL 12452, for B. melitensis bacteria grown on SBA at the same temperature, but for one-third the time period (24hr). Brucella spp. bacteria are responsible for causing the disease known as brucellosis.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "b257e120a64e6bec", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The man pictured here, was shown using his laptop computer’s mouse. Though intellectually-challenged, he is still able to navigate his way through the Internet, and effectively use this computer, the mouse, and its keyboard controls.", "This image was one of many captured by Lt. Cmdr. Gary Brunette, a United States Public Health Service (USPHS) officer, who’d been deployed to the Caribbean nation of Haiti shortly after the country’s massive earthquake in January, 2010. The serene appearance of this Haitian coastal village belied the devastation to which this island nation had been subjected, as evidenced by the number of photographs contained here in the PHIL taken during his deployment. Transported to Haiti by way of the naval vessel, the USS Bataan, Lt. Cmdr. Brunette, along with the rest of the involved USPHS crew, set out in early January 2010, to provide disaster relief support to Operation Unified Response (OUR).", "This thin film blood smear photomicrograph, revealed the presence of a Plasmodium vivax trophozoite.", "This photograph depicts the colonial morphology displayed by Gram-negative, Brucella melitensis bacteria, which was grown on a medium of sheep’s blood agar (SBA), for a 72 hour time period, at a temperature of 37°C. See PHIL 12400, for B. melitensis bacteria grown on SBA at the same temperature, but for a lesser time period (48hr), and PHIL 12452, for B. melitensis bacteria grown on SBA at the same temperature, but for one-third the time period (24hr). Brucella spp. bacteria are responsible for causing the disease known as brucellosis."], "qid": "T2_healthcare_25895ff6754d", "question": {"media": "b257e120a64e6bec.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"b257e120a64e6bec.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "b257e120a64e6bec"}
+{"answer": "This photograph depicts the fourth of six steps (PHIL 5725-5730) to be followed when one dons disposable sterile gloves. To begin the process, the hands had been thoroughly washed with soap and water. At this point of the process, the wearer had placed his right hand into a latex glove, and was pulling the glove up so it fit snugly over the hand. Note that the glove’s sleeve was pulled up, over the cuff of the disposable gown, the ungloved hand only touching the glove’s cuff. Latex, vinyl or nitrile gloves reduce hand contamination, prevent cross-contamination, and protect against infection. Gloves should not restrict movement, must accommodate individuals (i.e., allergies), and meet the requirements of the task to be performed.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "6afb6bc8fd40b5b8", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This photograph depicts the fourth of six steps (PHIL 5725-5730) to be followed when one dons disposable sterile gloves. To begin the process, the hands had been thoroughly washed with soap and water. At this point of the process, the wearer had placed his right hand into a latex glove, and was pulling the glove up so it fit snugly over the hand. Note that the glove’s sleeve was pulled up, over the cuff of the disposable gown, the ungloved hand only touching the glove’s cuff. Latex, vinyl or nitrile gloves reduce hand contamination, prevent cross-contamination, and protect against infection. Gloves should not restrict movement, must accommodate individuals (i.e., allergies), and meet the requirements of the task to be performed.", "Entitled, “HIV in Uganda”, this image was captured by CDC Audio-Visual Production Specialist, Susy Mercado, with NCHM. The photo depicted a newborn in Kampala, Uganda, receiving an antiviral drug to prevent the mother-to-child transmission of HIV. This photo earned Susy the Second Place award in the 2006 CDC Connects Annual Public Health in Action Photo Contest, in the category of Programs-International.", "Captured in 1961, this historic image depicts two public health field technicians crouched at far right in tall grass within a plague study area near San Francisco, California.", "This photograph depicts the colonial morphology displayed by Gram-negative, Brucella melitensis bacteria, which was grown on a medium of sheep’s blood agar (SBA), for a 72 hour time period, at a temperature of 37°C. See PHIL 12400, for B. melitensis bacteria grown on SBA at the same temperature, but for a lesser time period (48hr), and PHIL 12452, for B. melitensis bacteria grown on SBA at the same temperature, but for one-third the time period (24hr). Brucella spp. bacteria are responsible for causing the disease known as brucellosis."], "qid": "T2_healthcare_1bb0129ccfdd", "question": {"media": "6afb6bc8fd40b5b8.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"6afb6bc8fd40b5b8.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "6afb6bc8fd40b5b8"}
+{"answer": "This photograph reveals poxvirus pocks, on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of a developing embryonic chick.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "9dd49477678c1447", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Magnified 119X, this scanning electron microscopic (SEM) image revealed some of the ultrastructural details of one of the very small flower buds clustered in the center of a white flowering dogwood blossom, Cornus florida. Due to the extremely small size of the centrally located clustered flowers, the larger colored bracts, that are actually modified leaves, which protect the flowers themselves, are also mistaken for flower petals. If you look carefully, you'll notice that the small flower petals come together in a confluence at the bud’s tip, and will burst open at this point when the flower blossoms.", "This is a photograph depicting a resting female, Aedes aegypti adult mosquito. Ae. aegypti is also known as the yellow fever mosquito.", "This photograph reveals poxvirus pocks, on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of a developing embryonic chick.", "This historic 1925 photograph revealed the presence of pollution in the Cedar River, near Austin, Minnesota. The environmental damage resulted from the dumping of both municipal waste, and waste from a local meat-packing plant into the river. This was one of a series of instructional images, used by the Minnesota Board of Health, in order to train the state’s public health workers. The purpose of the images, and the training, was focused on seeing to the orderly disposal of waste, including sewage and industrial waste, in order to prevent the contamination of potable water supplies, by toxic substances, as well as microbiologic pathogens."], "qid": "T2_healthcare_c3f514baf025", "question": {"media": "9dd49477678c1447.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"9dd49477678c1447.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "9dd49477678c1447"}
+{"answer": "This photograph showed Del Conn, a member of an Ebola survey team, who was extracting a blood sample from a resident of the town of Yambuku, Zaire during the country’s 1976 outbreak, which started in the town of Yambuku, and from there spread to surrounding areas. In Kinshasa, the country’s capital, an area hospital was sealed off during the outbreak, helping to bring the situation under control. The total number of cases in Zaire was 318 and had a mortality rate of 88%. In 1997, Zaire was renamed the Democratic Republic of Congo.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "815d93262a2f448a", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The man depicted here, was in the process of entering a building on one of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) campuses. He was seated in a wheelchair, and had triggered the mechanized doors to open, by using an easily accessible push button door switch pad.", "Pictured here, was a Brazilian Field Epidemiology Training Program (FETP) staff member in the process of interviewing a mother, who was caring for her two children. The mother’s responses were being recorded using a standard epidemiologic-based questionnaire.", "This photograph showed Del Conn, a member of an Ebola survey team, who was extracting a blood sample from a resident of the town of Yambuku, Zaire during the country’s 1976 outbreak, which started in the town of Yambuku, and from there spread to surrounding areas. In Kinshasa, the country’s capital, an area hospital was sealed off during the outbreak, helping to bring the situation under control. The total number of cases in Zaire was 318 and had a mortality rate of 88%. In 1997, Zaire was renamed the Democratic Republic of Congo.", "This is an illustration depicting the life cycle of the parasitic roundworm, Strongyloides stercoralis, the causal agent of the parasitic disease strongyloidiasis. For a complete description of the S. stercoralis life cycle, paste the following address in your address bar: https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/strongyloidiasis/index.html."], "qid": "T2_healthcare_f764f39b4152", "question": {"media": "815d93262a2f448a.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"815d93262a2f448a.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "815d93262a2f448a"}
+{"answer": "This photograph, made available by the National Cancer Institute (NCI), depicts a close view of a dermatology patient’s skin surface, revealing the presence of an asymmetrical, dark-brown pigmented lesion, which was diagnosed as melanoma. Note the lesion’s irregular border, heterogeneous coloration, and relatively large diameter, which included a hypopigmented halo, all features indicative of a possible melanomatous lesion. Use of this image requires acknowledgement that NCI is the image source, as well as the inclusion of the website, www.cancer.gov.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "c7b966d08b491bcd", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This photograph, made available by the National Cancer Institute (NCI), depicts a close view of a dermatology patient’s skin surface, revealing the presence of an asymmetrical, dark-brown pigmented lesion, which was diagnosed as melanoma. Note the lesion’s irregular border, heterogeneous coloration, and relatively large diameter, which included a hypopigmented halo, all features indicative of a possible melanomatous lesion. Use of this image requires acknowledgement that NCI is the image source, as well as the inclusion of the website, www.cancer.gov.", "This image depicted three right forearms, each having received an intracutaneous injection of dirofilaria antigen, prepared from Dirofilaria immitis, and producing the reactions at the site of each wheal. If an erythematous reaction is observed at the reaction site, then a positive result would be indicated.", "This photomicrograph revealed some of the histopathologic changes exhibited in a lung tissue specimen, which had been harvested from a patient with adenocarcinoma of the lung. In this view, you are able to see that there are cancer cells that had migrated into the surrounding venules.", "This 1975 photograph depicts what was a popular Rhodesian, now Zimbabwean hitchhiking spot, which had been visited by two travelers, who were later hospitalized during the country’s Marburg outbreak. Note the man standing on an embankment next to a tree. This is where the two Marburg patients, referred to as Cases #1 and #2, rested during their travels. Both travelers were later treated in a Johannesburg, South African hospital after symptoms of the hemorrhagic fever became evident. This photograph was part of an ongoing Marburg vector investigation, and was taken 3-months after the patients’ travels through Wankie, Rhodesia."], "qid": "T2_healthcare_6ca3d64be92d", "question": {"media": "c7b966d08b491bcd.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"c7b966d08b491bcd.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "c7b966d08b491bcd"}
+{"answer": "This photomicrograph depicted leukemia cells that contained Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), using a fluorescent antibody (FA) staining technique, which caused the affected cells to glow green under ultraviolet light. EBV is a member of the Herpesvirus family, and is one of the most common human viruses.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "c12fe8ec347aacce", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["During his September 16, 2014 visit to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), former President Barack Obama was updated on the steps CDC, and the rest of our government, were taking here and abroad, to fight Ebola globally, and keep the American people safe. At this point in the gathering, standing at the podium, the President was addressing a group of CDC personnel, discussing with the audience the future efforts to be made by the United States, and the World, to combat the West African Ebola epidemic, and his sincere appreciation, for the hard work put forth by CDC staff.", "This image depicted a right lateral view, of a mounted rodent bot fly, Cuterebra lepivora.", "This image was one of many captured by Lt. Cmdr. Gary Brunette, a United States Public Health Service (USPHS) officer, who’d been deployed to the Caribbean nation of Haiti shortly after the country’s massive earthquake in January, 2010. The serene appearance of this Haitian coastal village belied the devastation to which this island nation had been subjected, as evidenced by the number of photographs contained here in the PHIL taken during his deployment. Transported to Haiti by way of the naval vessel, the USS Bataan, Lt. Cmdr. Brunette, along with the rest of the involved USPHS crew, set out in early January 2010, to provide disaster relief support to Operation Unified Response (OUR).", "This photomicrograph depicted leukemia cells that contained Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), using a fluorescent antibody (FA) staining technique, which caused the affected cells to glow green under ultraviolet light. EBV is a member of the Herpesvirus family, and is one of the most common human viruses."], "qid": "T2_healthcare_6912f3da739d", "question": {"media": "c12fe8ec347aacce.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"c12fe8ec347aacce.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "c12fe8ec347aacce"}
+{"answer": "This photomicrograph of an unstained specimen, reveals some of the ultrastructural details exhibited by a Mesocestoides sp. tapeworm proglottid.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "fc473982e8c68949", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Under a magnification of 500X, this photomicrograph depicted what was deemed to be a negative Kamaya test, indicating the presence of Candida albicans yeast cells, but with no associated true mycelium. The Kamaya test uses a diluted solution of Sabouraud broth, i.e., a 1:10 dilution, that is inoculated with the test culture, and incubated at a temperature of 37°C, for a 1-hour time period. The solution is then swabbed on to the surface of a corn meal-agar plate and incubated at a temperature of 37°C, for a 24-hour time period. If yeast cells are detected, which are also in association with true mycelia, then the test would be considered positive, as was the case in PHIL 21227.", "This photomicrograph of an unstained specimen, reveals some of the ultrastructural details exhibited by a Mesocestoides sp. tapeworm proglottid.", "This October 1975 photograph, depicted boat Captain, and driver, Robin Gomes, while he was preparing a meal aboard a UNICEF-8 boat on a Patuakhali District waterway, in the country of Bangladesh. PHIL images 1191, 3258, 5664, and 12290 through 12367, were supplied by Dr. Michael Schwartz, and capture the epidemiologic-related activities undertaken by healthcare providers from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), World Health Organization (WHO), and local Bangladeshi healthcare workers, during their successful attempt to eradicate smallpox.", "This image depicted a man cutting a tomato, while a woman was cutting raw chicken on a different cutting board. To avoid cross-contamination of foodborne germs, use separate cutting boards for raw poultry, and ready-to-eat foods."], "qid": "T2_healthcare_24f9a3e6d51e", "question": {"media": "fc473982e8c68949.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"fc473982e8c68949.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "fc473982e8c68949"}
+{"answer": "This photomicrograph reveals some of the ultrastructural morphology exhibited by the yeast form of a Cryptococcus sp. fungus. The encapsulated Cryptococcus, yeast-like species, are dimorphic fungi, which means that they can alternate between a yeast phase and a hyphal phase, depending on environmental conditions.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "c80a1cdbccee65d8", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This Petri dish culture plate contained an unknown growth medium, upon which grew a single colony of the dermatophytic fungal organism, Microsporum canis. This was a typical strain, which gave rise to a wooly textured colony. See PHIL 15472, for a microscopic view of the M. canis microorganism, and 15473, for a view of an atypical variant, which exhibited a glabrous, smooth colonial morphology.", "Captured in 1964, this photograph depicted the façade of what at the time, was the newly constructed Public Health Service’s (PHS), Communicable Disease Center (CDC), Field Station, located in Kansas City, Kansas. By the sign at right, you are able to see that this facility was under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Health, Education & Welfare (HEW), which would eventually become the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) in 1979. The Communicable Disease Center (CDC) was renamed the modern day Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 1992.", "This photomicrograph of human liver tissue infected with the Ebola virus, depicts the hepatic histopathologic changes that occur due to this illness. Note the presence of necrotic changes amongst the hepatocytes, with the loss of normal hepatic cytoarchitecture, including loss of the hepatic sinusoidal system, as well as the presence of intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies.", "This photomicrograph reveals some of the ultrastructural morphology exhibited by the yeast form of a Cryptococcus sp. fungus. The encapsulated Cryptococcus, yeast-like species, are dimorphic fungi, which means that they can alternate between a yeast phase and a hyphal phase, depending on environmental conditions."], "qid": "T2_healthcare_730e45d5b9ad", "question": {"media": "c80a1cdbccee65d8.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"c80a1cdbccee65d8.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "c80a1cdbccee65d8"}
+{"answer": "This scanning electron microscopic (SEM) image revealed some of the ultrastructural morphology displayed on the ventral surface of a female bedbug, Cimex lectularius. From this view, you can see the insect’s skin piercing mouthparts it uses to obtain its blood meal, as well as a number of its six jointed legs. For a colorized version of this image see PHIL 11739.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "994637676921f774", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This image was one of many captured by Lt. Cmdr. Gary Brunette, a United States Public Health Service (USPHS) officer, who’d been deployed to the Caribbean nation of Haiti shortly after the country’s massive earthquake in January, 2010. The serene appearance of this Haitian coastal village belied the devastation to which this island nation had been subjected, as evidenced by the number of photographs contained here in the PHIL taken during his deployment. Transported to Haiti by way of the naval vessel, the USS Bataan, Lt. Cmdr. Brunette, along with the rest of the involved USPHS crew, set out in early January 2010, to provide disaster relief support to Operation Unified Response (OUR).", "Magnified 24X, this scanning electron microscopic (SEM) image depicted some of the anatomical relationships found on the ventral surface of this adult figeater beetle’s, Cotinis mutabilis thorax, which is the body region situated between the insect’s head and abdomen. In this particular view, two of the three pairs of legs may be seen emanating adjacent to the prosternal process, which is a anterior extension of the sternum. The insect leg is comprised of a variable number of segments, however, there are usually six which predominate, including the most proximal coxa, followed by the trochanter, femur, tibia, tarsus, and pretarsus, which in the case of this beetle is a claw, well visualized in PHIL 9943, 9944, and 9945.", "This scanning electron microscopic (SEM) image revealed some of the ultrastructural morphology displayed on the ventral surface of a female bedbug, Cimex lectularius. From this view, you can see the insect’s skin piercing mouthparts it uses to obtain its blood meal, as well as a number of its six jointed legs. For a colorized version of this image see PHIL 11739.", "This 1981 digitally-colorized transmission electron microscopic (TEM) image revealed some of the ultrastructural morphology of a number of intact rotavirus, double-shelled particles. See PHIL 273 for a black and white version of this image. The speckled appearance of each capsid is due to the presence of numerous molecular spikes that emanate from the capsid surface of each virion."], "qid": "T2_healthcare_0121e3e4f5b3", "question": {"media": "994637676921f774.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"994637676921f774.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "994637676921f774"}
+{"answer": "Transmission electron microscopic image showing the filamentous and curved morphology of an Ebola virus particle. See PHIL 10815 for a digitally-colorized version of this image.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "1f65f5930bee17e9", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This historic photograph, captured on May 31, 1957, depicts a group portrait of members of the Communicable Disease Center’s (CDC) Enteric Disease Investigations Unit. The unit members are not identified.", "Transmission electron microscopic image showing the filamentous and curved morphology of an Ebola virus particle. See PHIL 10815 for a digitally-colorized version of this image.", "This 1981 photograph depicted two laboratorians, who were preparing quality control materials to be used in neonatal hyperthyroid screening. To diagnose hyperactivity of the thyroid gland, a blood test is used to measure the level of thyroid hormones in the blood, including thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4).", "Under a magnification of 26661X, this scanning electron microscopic (SEM) image depicted an attached pair of two Gram-negative, non-motile, Acinetobacter baumannii bacteria. Members of the genus Acinetobacter are nonmotile rods, 1.0-1.5µm in diameter, and 1.5-2.5µm in length, becoming spherical during their stationary growth phase. They are widely distributed in nature, and are normal flora on the skin."], "qid": "T2_healthcare_46139a0ade7a", "question": {"media": "1f65f5930bee17e9.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"1f65f5930bee17e9.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "1f65f5930bee17e9"}
+{"answer": "Under a high magnification of 1000X, this Ziehl-Neelsen-stained mycobacterial culture specimen, revealed numerous acid-fast bacilli.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "f1a2f918d183f0d5", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Under a high magnification of 1000X, this Ziehl-Neelsen-stained mycobacterial culture specimen, revealed numerous acid-fast bacilli.", "This historic image depicted a portrait of attendees to the Malaria Control Training Course for U.S.E.D. Personnel of the Office of Malaria Control in War Areas, MCWA, under the United States Public Health Service, Atlanta, Georgia.", "From the “Illustrated Manual for the Recognition and Diagnosis of Certain Animal Diseases”, published in 1982, by the Mexico-United States Commission for the Prevention of Foot and Mouth Disease, this photograph depicted a close view of an ovine muzzle, revealing encrustations on the muzzle, and around the animal’s nares. This ovine was ill with Rift Valley fever (RVF).", "This image depicted a patient’s right foot, as he pulled apart his toes, in order to reveal the interdigital web space, which exhibited a scaly, thickened skin, caused by a dermatophytic fungal infection due to the organism, Trichophyton rubrum. This image was captured before any treatment regime had been implemented."], "qid": "T2_healthcare_cae7a488329b", "question": {"media": "f1a2f918d183f0d5.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"f1a2f918d183f0d5.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "f1a2f918d183f0d5"}
+{"answer": "Under a magnification of 117X, four-times greater than PHIL 10112, this scanning electron microscopic (SEM) image depicted some of the surface details found on one of the four wings on this unidentified hornet discovered in the suburbs of Decatur, Georgia. In this particular view, you’ll note that the wing’s surface is coated with what appears to be numerous hairs, which are known as setae. These setae are composed of the material known as chitin, as is its exoskeleton.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "ddbcba6557a38408", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Working in the confines of a ventilated hood, and wearing a blue colored protective bio-hazard suit, this 2014 image depicted Centers for Disease Control and prevention (CDC) microbiologist, Tatiana Travis, as she was in the process of preparing a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test in order to detect drug resistant pathogens. In her right hand she held a mechanized pipette containing a blue solution that she was pipetting into a 96-well plate, which she held in her left hand.", "Under a magnification of 117X, four-times greater than PHIL 10112, this scanning electron microscopic (SEM) image depicted some of the surface details found on one of the four wings on this unidentified hornet discovered in the suburbs of Decatur, Georgia. In this particular view, you’ll note that the wing’s surface is coated with what appears to be numerous hairs, which are known as setae. These setae are composed of the material known as chitin, as is its exoskeleton.", "At low magnification, this photomicrograph shows histopathologic features of an aspergilloma (fungal ball) in a case of aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus species. Densely packed hyphal elements occupy the interior of the lesion, which is surrounded by an inflammatory infiltrate. Image courtesy of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP).", "This historic image, captured in 1978, depicts a Centers for Disease Control (CDC) administrative assistant sorting through a filing cabinet drawer to locate medical records."], "qid": "T2_healthcare_6d7ed0ff971e", "question": {"media": "ddbcba6557a38408.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"ddbcba6557a38408.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "ddbcba6557a38408"}
+{"answer": "Under a magnification of 200X, this photomicrograph revealed the presence of a cleistothecium, of the dermatophytic fungal organism, Gymnoascus dankaliensis, formerly known as Arachniotus flavoluteus, strain O-483.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "a393d304dad4ed0e", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["At a magnification of 3084X, this 1999 scanning electron microscopic (SEM) image revealed findings, uncovered during Legionella pneumophila research, which investigated the association of Hartmannella vermiformis amoebae, when present alongside L. pneumophila bacteria existing on potable water biofilms. Shown here, were L. pneumophila, as well as other unidentified bacteria.", "This Gram-stained photomicrograph reveals numerous, rod-shaped, Bacillus anthracis bacteria, that had linked together to form long filamentous chains.", "This image depicted a man cutting a tomato, while a woman was cutting raw chicken on a different cutting board. To avoid cross-contamination of foodborne germs, use separate cutting boards for raw poultry, and ready-to-eat foods.", "Under a magnification of 200X, this photomicrograph revealed the presence of a cleistothecium, of the dermatophytic fungal organism, Gymnoascus dankaliensis, formerly known as Arachniotus flavoluteus, strain O-483."], "qid": "T2_healthcare_0f1ae2b981ca", "question": {"media": "a393d304dad4ed0e.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"a393d304dad4ed0e.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "a393d304dad4ed0e"}
+{"answer": "Viewed from the reverse, these three culture test tubes had contained a growth medium of Sabouraud dextrose agar, which had been inoculated, from left to right, with the dermatophytic fungal organisms, Trichophyton violaceum, T. schoenleinii, and T. rubrum. These cultures had been incubated over a 10-day period, producing colonies that differed in their size, and texture. T. violaceum gave rise to the smallest cream colored colony, T. schoenleinii produced a moderate sized, white colony, and T. rubrum produced the largest colony of the three, with a gray periphery, and white center. Such tests are used by mycologists when attempting to classify, and identify various fungal organisms. See PHIL 15920, for a view of these growing colonies from the front, revealing their textural character.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "298635c92be0bcd3", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This is Jeff Koplan, M.D., M.P.H., former Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Director from 1998 - 2002, and Epidemic Intelligence Service Officer (EIS), class of ’72.", "This thin film blood smear photomicrograph, highlighted the presence of two, Plasmodium vivax ring form trophozoites, each of which displayed Schüffner’s dots.", "Viewed from the reverse, these three culture test tubes had contained a growth medium of Sabouraud dextrose agar, which had been inoculated, from left to right, with the dermatophytic fungal organisms, Trichophyton violaceum, T. schoenleinii, and T. rubrum. These cultures had been incubated over a 10-day period, producing colonies that differed in their size, and texture. T. violaceum gave rise to the smallest cream colored colony, T. schoenleinii produced a moderate sized, white colony, and T. rubrum produced the largest colony of the three, with a gray periphery, and white center. Such tests are used by mycologists when attempting to classify, and identify various fungal organisms. See PHIL 15920, for a view of these growing colonies from the front, revealing their textural character.", "This image depicted a right lateral view, of a mounted rodent bot fly, Cuterebra lepivora."], "qid": "T2_healthcare_3da05fca868e", "question": {"media": "298635c92be0bcd3.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"298635c92be0bcd3.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "298635c92be0bcd3"}
+{"answer": "Viewed under a magnification of 365X, this Petri dish culture plate contained a growth medium of brain-heart infusion (BHI) agar, which had been inoculated with a culture of Cutibacterium acnes, formerly known as Propionibacterium acnes bacteria, and in turn, had produced these round, scalloped edged colonies.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "0fd8f7134b58153a", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This 1946 historical photograph was provided by the Center for Disease Control's (CDC), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Industrial workers were formulating spray-pesticides, mixing the powdered constituents into a liquid. The mixing was done in closed chambers equipped with exhaust ventilation systems. Workers were also wearing respirators and rubber gloves, preventing poisoning. The pesticide pictured was Genithion P-15, a variant of parathion. Activities like this are overseen, and regulated by NIOSH.", "Photographed around the campus of one of the many metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia primary schools, here you see a teacher interacting with one of her Asian-American students, packing soil around a plant that they’d just introduced to a garden being tended by this teacher’s class. This type of interaction with the outdoors provided these young students with time in the fresh air, and exercise for their growing bodies, burning off unwanted calories, and energy accumulated sitting in the classroom.", "Viewed under a magnification of 365X, this Petri dish culture plate contained a growth medium of brain-heart infusion (BHI) agar, which had been inoculated with a culture of Cutibacterium acnes, formerly known as Propionibacterium acnes bacteria, and in turn, had produced these round, scalloped edged colonies.", "This Asian-American school girl was photographed, during her outdoor physical education class, which was taking place at one of the many metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia primary schools. In this particular view, captured in mid-air, the young student was having fun playing with a jump rope. Aside from the jump rope, the schoolyard provided children with a wide array of choices, allowing them to exercise all aspects of their growing bodies."], "qid": "T2_healthcare_853f0db68720", "question": {"media": "0fd8f7134b58153a.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"0fd8f7134b58153a.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "0fd8f7134b58153a"}
diff --git a/release/gold/T2/humanities.jsonl b/release/gold/T2/humanities.jsonl
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+++ b/release/gold/T2/humanities.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{"answer": "# 7from \" Livre second essais de gravjre \" Second book of Engraved Designs, c. 1703. Pierre Bourdon (French). Etching and engraving. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of William Ellery Greene for the Lucy S. Greene Collection, 1963.565", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "1858f4155cd86f63", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["# 7from \" Livre second essais de gravjre \" Second book of Engraved Designs, c. 1703. Pierre Bourdon (French). Etching and engraving. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of William Ellery Greene for the Lucy S. Greene Collection, 1963.565", "The Great Spaniard, c. 1857–1911. Alphonse Legros (French, 1837–1911). Drypoint. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. Lewis B. Williams Collection, 1944.376", "The Mosque Doorway, Cairo, 1910. David Young Cameron (British, 1865–1945). Etching and drypoint. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of James Parmelee, 1940.841", "Egypt and Nubia, Volume II: Island of Philae, on the Nile, Nubia, 1847. Louis Haghe (British, 1806–1885), F. G. Moon, 20 Threadneedle Street, London, after David Roberts (Scottish, 1796–1864). Color lithograph; sheet: 40.8 x 43.6 cm (16 1/16 x 17 3/16 in.); image: 25.2 x 35.2 cm (9 15/16 x 13 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of John Bonebrake, 2012.244"], "qid": "T2_humanities_1ece4c82e23e", "question": {"media": "1858f4155cd86f63.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"1858f4155cd86f63.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "1858f4155cd86f63"}
+{"answer": "Bois de Pin fossile coupverticale [Petrified Wood (Pine)], 1853–57. Auguste-Adolphe Bertsch (French, 1813–1871). Salted paper print. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Horace W. Goldsmith Foundation Fund, through Joyce and Robert Menschel, 2024, 2024.5.33.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "fc9469e420c1f2f0", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Jérusalem, Vallée de Josaphat, Tombeau de St. Jacques, 1854. Auguste Salzmann (French, 1824–1872). Salted paper print from paper negative. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gilman Collection, Gift of The Howard Gilman Foundation, 2005, 2005.100.373.45.", "Samurai, Yokohama, 1864–65. Felice Beato (British (born Italy), Venice 1832–1909 Luxor). Albumen silver print from glass negative. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gilman Collection, Purchase, Robert Rosenkranz Gift, 2005, 2005.100.566.", "[Rumi Darwaza, Lucknow, India], 1860s–70s. Unknown. Albumen silver print from glass negative. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Matthew Dontzin, 1985, 1985.1168.40.", "Bois de Pin fossile coupverticale [Petrified Wood (Pine)], 1853–57. Auguste-Adolphe Bertsch (French, 1813–1871). Salted paper print. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Horace W. Goldsmith Foundation Fund, through Joyce and Robert Menschel, 2024, 2024.5.33."], "qid": "T2_humanities_f033006aed2a", "question": {"media": "fc9469e420c1f2f0.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"fc9469e420c1f2f0.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "fc9469e420c1f2f0"}
+{"answer": "Compartmented stamp seal, ca. late 3rd–early 2nd millennium BCE. Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex. Copper alloy. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Sheldon Lewis Breitbart, 1983, 1983.535.71.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "62cd886492d4fcdb", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Conch Shell Trumpet (Davui), late 19th century. Melanesian (Fijian). Shell (Ranella lampas), fiber. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Crosby Brown Collection of Musical Instruments, 1889, 89.4.1823.", "Compartmented stamp seal, ca. late 3rd–early 2nd millennium BCE. Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex. Copper alloy. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Sheldon Lewis Breitbart, 1983, 1983.535.71.", "The Mower, 1881–82. Georges Seurat (French, Paris 1859–1891 Paris). Oil on wood. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Robert Lehman Collection, 1975, 1975.1.206.", "Beads, ca. 9th century BCE. Iran. Stone, bone, shell, faience, Egyptian blue. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Purchase, Mrs. Constantine Sidamon-Eristoff Gift, 1961, 61.100.109."], "qid": "T2_humanities_ee903b691101", "question": {"media": "62cd886492d4fcdb.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"62cd886492d4fcdb.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "62cd886492d4fcdb"}
+{"answer": "Conch Shell Trumpet (Davui), late 19th century. Melanesian (Fijian). Shell (Ranella lampas), fiber. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Crosby Brown Collection of Musical Instruments, 1889, 89.4.1823.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "9cef21adaa8a8700", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Manuscript Leaf with Saint Thomas, from a Book of Hours, ca. 1500. Netherlandish. Tempera, ink, and shell gold on parchment. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Friedsam Collection, Bequest of Michael Friedsam, 1931, 32.100.475e.", "Girl in Blue Dress, 1936. Samuel Joseph Brown, Jr. (American, Wilmington, North Carolina 1907–1994 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania). Watercolor on paper. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Pennsylvania W. P. A., 1943, 43.46.13.", "Beads, ca. 9th century BCE. Iran. Stone, bone, shell, faience, Egyptian blue. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Purchase, Mrs. Constantine Sidamon-Eristoff Gift, 1961, 61.100.109.", "Conch Shell Trumpet (Davui), late 19th century. Melanesian (Fijian). Shell (Ranella lampas), fiber. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Crosby Brown Collection of Musical Instruments, 1889, 89.4.1823."], "qid": "T2_humanities_1277b22b018c", "question": {"media": "9cef21adaa8a8700.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"9cef21adaa8a8700.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "9cef21adaa8a8700"}
+{"answer": "Cover for a Vase, 1749. Meissen Porcelain Factory (German, est. c. 1710). Porcelain mounted in gilt bronze; overall: 37.4 x 32.7 x 21 cm (14 3/4 x 12 7/8 x 8 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1944.229.1.b", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "65eef8d29f83b11a", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Chest, late 1600s. Spain, Colonial, late 17th Century. Turned and joined wood, gilded and painted red with applied bone columns and bone inlays, wrought iron hardward; overall: 53.5 x 94.5 x 37 cm (21 1/16 x 37 3/16 x 14 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. James C. Gruener, 1990.135.a", "Cover for a Vase, 1749. Meissen Porcelain Factory (German, est. c. 1710). Porcelain mounted in gilt bronze; overall: 37.4 x 32.7 x 21 cm (14 3/4 x 12 7/8 x 8 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1944.229.1.b", "Lapis Lazuli Easter Egg, c. 1885–90. Attributed to Peter Carl Fabergé (Russian, 1846–1920), attributed to House of Fabergé (Russian, 1842–1918). Gold, enamel, lapis lazuli, pearls, diamonds, rubies; overall: 5.9 x 4.5 cm (2 5/16 x 1 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The India Early Minshall Collection, 1966.436.a", "Candelabrum, c. 1800. France, late 18th-early 19th century. Gilt and patinated metal; overall: 49.9 x 25.7 x 12.3 cm (19 5/8 x 10 1/8 x 4 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Mrs. Severance A. Millikin, 1989.170.1"], "qid": "T2_humanities_72e08d4f4906", "question": {"media": "65eef8d29f83b11a.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"65eef8d29f83b11a.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "65eef8d29f83b11a"}
+{"answer": "Cross-bow Fibula, c. 1–200 CE. Italy, Roman. Bronze; overall: 9.5 cm (3 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Eugene Robison Miles, 1970.85", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "c7801629946461fb", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Sally Avery Olds, 1837. Jeptha Homer Wade (American, 1811–1890). Oil on canvas; unframed: 73.3 x 61 cm (28 7/8 x 24 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Seventy-fifth anniversary gift of Jeptha H. Wade III, 1991.134.1", "Cross-bow Fibula, c. 1–200 CE. Italy, Roman. Bronze; overall: 9.5 cm (3 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Eugene Robison Miles, 1970.85", "Statuette of Neith, 305–30 BCE. Egypt, Greco-Roman period (332 BCE–395 CE), Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BCE). Bronze, solid cast; overall: 18 x 3.5 x 6.5 cm (7 1/16 x 1 3/8 x 2 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of John L. Severance, 1942.775", "Flowers in a Glass, 1606. Ambrosius Bosschaert (Dutch, 1573–1621). Oil on copper; framed: 60.3 x 52.8 x 6.4 cm (23 3/4 x 20 13/16 x 2 1/2 in.); unframed: 35.6 x 29.3 cm (14 x 11 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Carrie Moss Halle in memory of Salmon Portland Halle, 1960.108"], "qid": "T2_humanities_d647e97697a6", "question": {"media": "c7801629946461fb.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"c7801629946461fb.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "c7801629946461fb"}
+{"answer": "Cup with Spotted Face Deity, 4th–6th century. Nasca. Ceramic, pigment. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Nathan Cummings, 1964, 64.228.72.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "25653a383c17f412", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Altar Tusk, 18th–19th century. Ìgbèsànmwà (ivory- and wood- carving guild) artists. Ivory. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Klaus G. Perls, 1991, 1991.17.105.", "Knife, Hand, 1st–3rd century. Moche. Copper (cast), gold. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Carol R. Meyer, 1986, 1986.199.", "Woven Fragment, 14th–15th century. Peru; central coast (?). Camelid hair, cotton. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Rogers Fund, 1909, 09.50.1422.", "Cup with Spotted Face Deity, 4th–6th century. Nasca. Ceramic, pigment. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Nathan Cummings, 1964, 64.228.72."], "qid": "T2_humanities_756e161df4bc", "question": {"media": "25653a383c17f412.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"25653a383c17f412.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "25653a383c17f412"}
+{"answer": "Dancing Pan, c. 350–500. Egypt, Coptic period. Limestone with traces of red polychromy; overall: 34 x 18.1 cm (13 3/8 x 7 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1955.68", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "4263fe12854ae9b5", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Dancing Pan, c. 350–500. Egypt, Coptic period. Limestone with traces of red polychromy; overall: 34 x 18.1 cm (13 3/8 x 7 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1955.68", "Hours of Queen Isabella the Catholic, Queen of Spain: Fol. 224v, c. 1500. Master of the First Prayerbook of Maximillian (Flemish, c. 1444–1519), and Associates. Ink, tempera, and gold on vellum; codex: 22.5 x 15.2 cm (8 7/8 x 6 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1963.256.224.b", "Five Pound Piece: George IV (obverse), 1826. Design by Jean Baptiste Merlen (French, 1769–1850). Gold; diameter: 3.8 cm (1 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1969.215.a", "The Gotha Missal: Fol. 94v, Text, c. 1375. Master of the Boqueteaux (French), and Workshop. Ink, tempera, and gold on vellum; blind-tooled leather binding; codex: 27.1 x 19.5 cm (10 11/16 x 7 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1962.287.94.b"], "qid": "T2_humanities_ef1141c057c2", "question": {"media": "4263fe12854ae9b5.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"4263fe12854ae9b5.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "4263fe12854ae9b5"}
+{"answer": "Danny Richardson, 2nd Base, New York, from the Old Judge series (N172) for Old Judge Cigarettes, 1888. Issued by Goodwin & Company. Albumen photograph. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Jefferson R. Burdick Collection, Gift of Jefferson R. Burdick, 63.350.214.172.716.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "aa6d8016f3fd5c1c", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Teatro delle Nobili et Virtuose Donne..., page 33 (recto), 1616. Isabella Catanea Parasole (Italian, ca. 1565/70–ca. 1625). Woodcut, engraving. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Rogers Fund, 1919, 19.51(33).", "Danny Richardson, 2nd Base, New York, from the Old Judge series (N172) for Old Judge Cigarettes, 1888. Issued by Goodwin & Company. Albumen photograph. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Jefferson R. Burdick Collection, Gift of Jefferson R. Burdick, 63.350.214.172.716.", "Title Page with Design for a Pendant, from \"Omnis Generis Instrumenta Bellica\", ca. 1600. Paul Birckenhultz (1561–1639). Engraving. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Elisha Whittelsey Collection, The Elisha Whittelsey Fund, 1956, 56.500.81(1).", "Card 290, from the Actors and Actresses series (N45, Type 4) for Virginia Brights Cigarettes, ca. 1888. Issued by Allen & Ginter (American, Richmond, Virginia). Albumen photograph. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Jefferson R. Burdick Collection, Gift of Jefferson R. Burdick, 63.350.203.45.818."], "qid": "T2_humanities_ded794b0ba65", "question": {"media": "aa6d8016f3fd5c1c.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"aa6d8016f3fd5c1c.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "aa6d8016f3fd5c1c"}
+{"answer": "Egypt and Nubia, Volume II: Island of Philae, on the Nile, Nubia, 1847. Louis Haghe (British, 1806–1885), F. G. Moon, 20 Threadneedle Street, London, after David Roberts (Scottish, 1796–1864). Color lithograph; sheet: 40.8 x 43.6 cm (16 1/16 x 17 3/16 in.); image: 25.2 x 35.2 cm (9 15/16 x 13 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of John Bonebrake, 2012.244", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "8a4360d526ace40f", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Egypt and Nubia, Volume II: Island of Philae, on the Nile, Nubia, 1847. Louis Haghe (British, 1806–1885), F. G. Moon, 20 Threadneedle Street, London, after David Roberts (Scottish, 1796–1864). Color lithograph; sheet: 40.8 x 43.6 cm (16 1/16 x 17 3/16 in.); image: 25.2 x 35.2 cm (9 15/16 x 13 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of John Bonebrake, 2012.244", "Self-Portrait (10th Plate), c. 1857–1911. Alphonse Legros (French, 1837–1911). Lithograph. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. Lewis B. Williams Collection, 1944.413", "The Assumption of the Virgin, c. 1495. Francesco Rosselli (Italian, 1448-about 1513). Engraving printed on two sheets from two plates. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1949.32.a", "The Horrors of War: The Worst is to Beg, c. 1810–20. Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746–1828). Etching. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dudley P. Allen Fund, 1922.571"], "qid": "T2_humanities_52b2f4597033", "question": {"media": "8a4360d526ace40f.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"8a4360d526ace40f.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "8a4360d526ace40f"}
+{"answer": "Footbridge Temporarily Replacing the Exchange Bridge,Paris, after the fire of 1621, 1860. Charles Meryon (French, 1821–1868). Etching. The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Milton Curtiss Rose Collection in memory of Evelyn Curtiss Rose, 1954.906", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "1535522a18350e79", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The Print Collector, c. 1902–41. Auguste Brouet (French, 1872–1941). Etching and aquatint; sheet: 18.4 x 15 cm (7 1/4 x 5 7/8 in.); platemark: 10 x 7.5 cm (3 15/16 x 2 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Carole W. and Charles B. Rosenblatt, 1999.290", "The Mosque Doorway, Cairo, 1910. David Young Cameron (British, 1865–1945). Etching and drypoint. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of James Parmelee, 1940.841", "The Great Spaniard, c. 1857–1911. Alphonse Legros (French, 1837–1911). Drypoint. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. Lewis B. Williams Collection, 1944.376", "Footbridge Temporarily Replacing the Exchange Bridge,Paris, after the fire of 1621, 1860. Charles Meryon (French, 1821–1868). Etching. The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Milton Curtiss Rose Collection in memory of Evelyn Curtiss Rose, 1954.906"], "qid": "T2_humanities_a393557e54ba", "question": {"media": "1535522a18350e79.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"1535522a18350e79.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "1535522a18350e79"}
+{"answer": "George Washington before the Battle of Trenton, ca. 1792–94. John Trumbull (American, Lebanon, Connecticut 1756–1843 New York). Oil on canvas. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Bequest of Grace Wilkes, 1922, 22.45.9.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "f5899f19dd3890d5", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Cream pitcher, 1815–40. American. Blown-molded glass. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Henry G. Schiff, 1980, 1980.502.84.", "Wine Glass, 1860–70. New England Glass Company (American, East Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1818–1888). Pressed glass. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Emily Winthrop Miles, 1946, 46.140.819.", "Tile, ca. 1882–84. J. and J. G. Low Art Tile Works (American, Chelsea, Massachusetts, 1877–1903). Earthenware. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Purchase, Bequest of Adeline R. Brown, by exchange, 1977, 1977.373.15.", "George Washington before the Battle of Trenton, ca. 1792–94. John Trumbull (American, Lebanon, Connecticut 1756–1843 New York). Oil on canvas. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Bequest of Grace Wilkes, 1922, 22.45.9."], "qid": "T2_humanities_314888c91f50", "question": {"media": "f5899f19dd3890d5.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"f5899f19dd3890d5.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "f5899f19dd3890d5"}
+{"answer": "Hammered Silver Miniature Scepter, 8th–mid-16th century. Peru; north coast (?). Copper (?) (hammered), gilt. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Nathan Cummings, 1964, 64.228.636.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "fa042035f58c4588", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Mukisi Mupasi (ancestor figure), mid-19th century. Tabwa artist. Wood, glass beads, cord. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Michael C. Rockefeller Memorial Collection, Purchase, Nelson A. Rockefeller Gift, 1969, 1978.412.592.", "Knife, Hand, 1st–3rd century. Moche. Copper (cast), gold. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Carol R. Meyer, 1986, 1986.199.", "Hammered Silver Miniature Scepter, 8th–mid-16th century. Peru; north coast (?). Copper (?) (hammered), gilt. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Nathan Cummings, 1964, 64.228.636.", "Mask, ca. 1825. Tlingit. Wood, paint. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Michael C. Rockefeller Memorial Collection, Purchase, Mrs. Gertrud A. Mellon Gift, 1966, 1978.412.148."], "qid": "T2_humanities_83ee19aaf9a5", "question": {"media": "fa042035f58c4588.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"fa042035f58c4588.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "fa042035f58c4588"}
+{"answer": "Hat, ca. 1805. American or European. straw. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. Lee Simonson, 1939, C.I.39.13.265.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "8219eb5a6517d3e2", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Hat, ca. 1805. American or European. straw. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. Lee Simonson, 1939, C.I.39.13.265.", "Corset, ca. 1811. American. cotton. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Museum Accession, X.51.4.1.", "Trousers, 1900. American. wool. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Purchase, 1949, C.I.49.49.15.", "Wedding veil, ca. 1825. Italian. [no medium available]. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Dr. Lucia E. and John L. Heaton, in memory of Eliza Putnam Heaton, 1919, 19.148.3."], "qid": "T2_humanities_446bb232b2f8", "question": {"media": "8219eb5a6517d3e2.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"8219eb5a6517d3e2.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "8219eb5a6517d3e2"}
+{"answer": "Le Gascon puni, from \"Contes et nouvelles en vers par Jean de La Fontaine. A Paris, de l'imprimerie de P. Didot, l'an III de la République, 1795\", 1795. Louis Michel Halbou (French, 1730–1809 Paris). Etching; first state of three (Cohen). The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Harris Brisbane Dick Fund, 1933, 33.104.28.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "dea4f3b16352006d", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Reverse Copy of Le Gueux Appuyé sur son Baton (The Beggar Leaning on His Cane), from Les Gueux suite appelée aussi Les Mendiants, Les Baroni, ou Les Barons (The Beggars, also called the Barons), 17th century. Anonymous. Etching. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Harris Brisbane Dick Fund, 1947, 47.100.736.", "The Bride Taken Home, 1633. Abraham Bosse (French, Tours 1602/04–1676 Paris). Etching. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Harris Brisbane Dick Fund, 1926, 26.49.39.", "Axel Paulsen, Champion Skater of the World, from the Champions of Games and Sports series (N184, Type 2) issued by W.S. Kimball & Co., 1887. Issued by W.S. Kimball & Co. Commercial color lithograph. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Jefferson R. Burdick Collection, Gift of Jefferson R. Burdick, 63.350.216.184.41.", "Le Gascon puni, from \"Contes et nouvelles en vers par Jean de La Fontaine. A Paris, de l'imprimerie de P. Didot, l'an III de la République, 1795\", 1795. Louis Michel Halbou (French, 1730–1809 Paris). Etching; first state of three (Cohen). The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Harris Brisbane Dick Fund, 1933, 33.104.28."], "qid": "T2_humanities_5f316630109a", "question": {"media": "dea4f3b16352006d.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"dea4f3b16352006d.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "dea4f3b16352006d"}
+{"answer": "Marble portrait bust of a man, ca. 110–120 CE. Roman. Marble. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Rogers Fund, 1910, 10.231.2.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "40166b023fafb41a", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Terracotta fragment of a closed shape, late 6th century BCE. Etruscan. Terracotta. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Dietrich von Bothmer, Distinguished Research Curator, Greek and Roman Art, 2011, 2011.604.10.189.", "Marble portrait bust of a man, ca. 110–120 CE. Roman. Marble. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Rogers Fund, 1910, 10.231.2.", "Terracotta relief probably from a funnel vase, late 3rd–early 2nd century BCE. Greek, South Italian, Apulian, Canosan. Terracotta. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Rogers Fund, 1912, 12.232.10.", "Terracotta rim fragment of a kylix (drinking cup), 460–450 BCE. Greek, Attic. Terracotta. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Dietrich von Bothmer, Distinguished Research Curator, Greek and Roman Art, 2011, 2011.604.1.7721."], "qid": "T2_humanities_79b26d0409fe", "question": {"media": "40166b023fafb41a.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"40166b023fafb41a.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "40166b023fafb41a"}
+{"answer": "Mukisi Mupasi (ancestor figure), mid-19th century. Tabwa artist. Wood, glass beads, cord. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Michael C. Rockefeller Memorial Collection, Purchase, Nelson A. Rockefeller Gift, 1969, 1978.412.592.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "24337caa0f42f155", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Mukisi Mupasi (ancestor figure), mid-19th century. Tabwa artist. Wood, glass beads, cord. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Michael C. Rockefeller Memorial Collection, Purchase, Nelson A. Rockefeller Gift, 1969, 1978.412.592.", "Hammered Silver Miniature Scepter, 8th–mid-16th century. Peru; north coast (?). Copper (?) (hammered), gilt. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Nathan Cummings, 1964, 64.228.636.", "Cup with Spotted Face Deity, 4th–6th century. Nasca. Ceramic, pigment. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Nathan Cummings, 1964, 64.228.72.", "Standing Ceramic Figure, 3rd–5th century. Moche. Ceramic. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Nathan Cummings, 1965, 65.266.15."], "qid": "T2_humanities_e712ee1fa157", "question": {"media": "24337caa0f42f155.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"24337caa0f42f155.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "24337caa0f42f155"}
+{"answer": "Parasol, 1850–1900. American or European. silk, wood. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Luise S. Davidson, 1975, 1975.76.1.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "f698b640b589c04f", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Boots, 1870s. American. leather. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Miss Genevieve Karr Hamlin, 1942, C.I.42.74.45a, b.", "Wedding veil, ca. 1825. Italian. [no medium available]. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Dr. Lucia E. and John L. Heaton, in memory of Eliza Putnam Heaton, 1919, 19.148.3.", "Coat, 1885–95. probably American. cotton. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Orme Wilson and R. Thornton Wilson, in memory of their mother, Mrs. Caroline Schermerhorn Astor Wilson, 1949, 49.3.53.", "Parasol, 1850–1900. American or European. silk, wood. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Luise S. Davidson, 1975, 1975.76.1."], "qid": "T2_humanities_7c0d86b3e24f", "question": {"media": "f698b640b589c04f.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"f698b640b589c04f.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "f698b640b589c04f"}
+{"answer": "Pillowcase, early 19th century. Banffy-Hunyad. Cotton on linen. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Purchase, 1908, 08.64.5.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "b456deb2993940b9", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Bacchanal: A Faun Teased by Children, ca. 1616–17. Gian Lorenzo Bernini (Italian, Naples 1598–1680 Rome). Marble. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Purchase, The Annenberg Fund Inc. Gift, Fletcher, Rogers, and Louis V. Bell Funds, and Gift of J. Pierpont Morgan, by exchange, 1976, Bern.ESDA.1976.92.", "Pair of scallop-shell dishes, 1771–73. Jacques-Nicolas Roettiers (1736–1788, master 1765, retired 1777). Silver. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Bequest of Catherine D. Wentworth, 1948, 48.187.386, .387.", "Pillowcase, early 19th century. Banffy-Hunyad. Cotton on linen. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Purchase, 1908, 08.64.5.", "Spoon caddy, 1798–99. T. W., London (ca. 1798–1799). Silver. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Samuel P. Avery, 1897, 97.2.191."], "qid": "T2_humanities_2b1fb4bf1d7f", "question": {"media": "b456deb2993940b9.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"b456deb2993940b9.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "b456deb2993940b9"}
+{"answer": "Rama and Lakshmana slay the demon giant Viradha, from Chapters 2 through 4 of the Aranya Kanda (Book of the Forest) of a Ramayana (Rama’s Journey), c. 1770. Central India, Bundelkhand Region, Madhya Pradesh, Rajput Kingdom of Datia. Gum tempera and gold on paper; overall: 21 x 29.8 cm (8 1/4 x 11 3/4 in.); painting: 19 x 28 cm (7 1/2 x 11 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2018.122", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "4b9b898b442d618c", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Shiva and Parvati, 800s. East India, Bengal, Pala period, 9th Century. Bronze; overall: 17.8 cm (7 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1964.50", "Text page from a Mirror of Holiness (Mir’at al-quds) of Father Jerome Xavier, 1602. Mughal India, Allahabad, made for Prince Salim (1569–1627). Ink and gold on paper. The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 2005.145.131.a", "Rama and Lakshmana slay the demon giant Viradha, from Chapters 2 through 4 of the Aranya Kanda (Book of the Forest) of a Ramayana (Rama’s Journey), c. 1770. Central India, Bundelkhand Region, Madhya Pradesh, Rajput Kingdom of Datia. Gum tempera and gold on paper; overall: 21 x 29.8 cm (8 1/4 x 11 3/4 in.); painting: 19 x 28 cm (7 1/2 x 11 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2018.122", "Stenciled Scenes of Lion and Gazelle (verso), c. 1710. Mughal India. Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper; page: 43 x 28.9 cm (16 15/16 x 11 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift in honor of Madeline Neves Clapp; Gift of Mrs. Henry White Cannon by exchange; Bequest of Louise T. Cooper; Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund; From the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection, 2013.337.b"], "qid": "T2_humanities_26c2b61ef02c", "question": {"media": "4b9b898b442d618c.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"4b9b898b442d618c.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "4b9b898b442d618c"}
+{"answer": "Reverse Copy of Le Gueux Appuyé sur son Baton (The Beggar Leaning on His Cane), from Les Gueux suite appelée aussi Les Mendiants, Les Baroni, ou Les Barons (The Beggars, also called the Barons), 17th century. Anonymous. Etching. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Harris Brisbane Dick Fund, 1947, 47.100.736.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "5ae928ae28b78c8c", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Danny Richardson, 2nd Base, New York, from the Old Judge series (N172) for Old Judge Cigarettes, 1888. Issued by Goodwin & Company. Albumen photograph. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Jefferson R. Burdick Collection, Gift of Jefferson R. Burdick, 63.350.214.172.716.", "Frontispiece, from \"Le Combat a la Barrière\", 1627. Jacques Callot (French, Nancy 1592–1635 Nancy). Etching and engraving; second state of three (Lieure). The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Bequest of Edwin De T. Bechtel, 1957, 57.650.407(1).", "Trade Card for Savell, Copper Plate Printer, 18th century. Anonymous, British, 18th century. Engraving. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Bella C. Landauer, 1926, 26.28.359.", "Reverse Copy of Le Gueux Appuyé sur son Baton (The Beggar Leaning on His Cane), from Les Gueux suite appelée aussi Les Mendiants, Les Baroni, ou Les Barons (The Beggars, also called the Barons), 17th century. Anonymous. Etching. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Harris Brisbane Dick Fund, 1947, 47.100.736."], "qid": "T2_humanities_2daeb9ac5b77", "question": {"media": "5ae928ae28b78c8c.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"5ae928ae28b78c8c.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "5ae928ae28b78c8c"}
+{"answer": "Shiva and Parvati, 800s. East India, Bengal, Pala period, 9th Century. Bronze; overall: 17.8 cm (7 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1964.50", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "c9cb64015a40862e", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Sita asks Rama to fetch the golden deer, from the “Shangri” Ramayana, c. 1700–1725. Northern India, Pahari kingdoms, Himachal Pradesh. Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper; page: 21.2 x 31.5 cm (8 3/8 x 12 3/8 in.); painting: 18.2 x 28.2 cm (7 3/16 x 11 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Sundry Art - Miscellaneous Fund, 2025.7", "Page from Tales of a Parrot (Tuti-nama): text page, c. 1560. Mughal India, court of Akbar (reigned 1556–1605). Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper; overall: 20.3 x 14 cm (8 x 5 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. A. Dean Perry, 1962.279.191.b", "Shiva and Parvati, 800s. East India, Bengal, Pala period, 9th Century. Bronze; overall: 17.8 cm (7 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1964.50", "Bottom cover from a Kammavacha: Buddhist Ordination Text, 1800s. Myanmar (Burma). Cover: lacquer, gilding, and glass appliqué on wood; cover: 13 x 57.2 x 0.9 cm (5 1/8 x 22 1/2 x 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Edward L. Whittemore Fund, 1945.172.b"], "qid": "T2_humanities_bb28c3158e91", "question": {"media": "c9cb64015a40862e.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"c9cb64015a40862e.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "c9cb64015a40862e"}
+{"answer": "Sketchbook, page 152 & 153: View of the Sea with color notations , 1905–10. Maurice Prendergast (American, born Newfoundland [now Canada], 1858–1924). Graphite; sheet: 18.8 x 11.5 cm (7 3/8 x 4 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Charles E. Prendergast, 1951.423.nnn", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "437562ca8ff51d01", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Sketchbook, page 152 & 153: View of the Sea with color notations , 1905–10. Maurice Prendergast (American, born Newfoundland [now Canada], 1858–1924). Graphite; sheet: 18.8 x 11.5 cm (7 3/8 x 4 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Charles E. Prendergast, 1951.423.nnn", "The Three Theological Virtures: Faith, Hope, and Charity, Surrounded by the Four Evangelists, before 1634. Pieter I de Jode (Flemish, 1570–1634). Pen and ink, brush and wash over chalk with indications of transfer; sheet: 20.3 x 27.3 cm (8 x 10 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 2024.75", "Standing Male Figure, c. 1610/13. Ludovico Cardi Cigoli (Italian, 1559–1613). Brush and brown ink, heightened with white paint; framing lines in brown ink; sheet: 40.2 x 27.7 cm (15 13/16 x 10 7/8 in.); secondary support: 52 x 38.5 cm (20 1/2 x 15 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Charles W. Harkness Endowment Fund, 1929.555", "A Squirrel and a Crow, 1913. Arthur Rackham (British, 1867–1939). Ink and graphite; sheet: 27.7 x 22.1 cm (10 7/8 x 8 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Don Hunter, 1954.653"], "qid": "T2_humanities_4227b89b4126", "question": {"media": "437562ca8ff51d01.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"437562ca8ff51d01.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "437562ca8ff51d01"}
+{"answer": "Spoon caddy, 1798–99. T. W., London (ca. 1798–1799). Silver. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Samuel P. Avery, 1897, 97.2.191.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "52203b7a61a614f7", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Spoon caddy, 1798–99. T. W., London (ca. 1798–1799). Silver. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Samuel P. Avery, 1897, 97.2.191.", "Pillowcase, early 19th century. Banffy-Hunyad. Cotton on linen. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Purchase, 1908, 08.64.5.", "Pair of scallop-shell dishes, 1771–73. Jacques-Nicolas Roettiers (1736–1788, master 1765, retired 1777). Silver. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Bequest of Catherine D. Wentworth, 1948, 48.187.386, .387.", "Snuffbox, ca. 1780. F. M., Switzerland. Gold. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Bequest of Catherine D. Wentworth, 1948, 48.187.469."], "qid": "T2_humanities_7f55fde24386", "question": {"media": "52203b7a61a614f7.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"52203b7a61a614f7.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "52203b7a61a614f7"}
+{"answer": "Stone votive relief of an eye, 4th–3rd century BCE. Cypriot. Liimestone. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Cesnola Collection, Purchased by subscription, 1874–76, 74.51.5170.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "164132faf514239b", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Stone votive relief of an eye, 4th–3rd century BCE. Cypriot. Liimestone. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Cesnola Collection, Purchased by subscription, 1874–76, 74.51.5170.", "Terracotta relief probably from a funnel vase, late 3rd–early 2nd century BCE. Greek, South Italian, Apulian, Canosan. Terracotta. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Rogers Fund, 1912, 12.232.10.", "Terracotta fragment of a kylix (drinking cup), first half of the 5th century BCE. Greek, Attic. Terracotta. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Dietrich von Bothmer, Distinguished Research Curator, Greek and Roman Art, 2011, 2011.604.1.4062.", "Terracotta hydria: kalpis (water jar), ca. 430 BCE. Attributed to the manner of the Shuvalov Painter. Terracotta. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Purchase, Sarah Campbell Blaffer Foundation and Schimmel Foundation Inc. Gifts, 1984, 1984.11.1."], "qid": "T2_humanities_5844cc817c35", "question": {"media": "164132faf514239b.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"164132faf514239b.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "164132faf514239b"}
+{"answer": "Sugar Bowl (Sucrier), 1745–48. Sèvres Porcelain Factory (French, est. 1756), Vincennes Porcelain Factory (France, 1740–56). Soft-paste porcelain with enamel decoration; part 1: 8.1 x 16.2 cm (3 3/16 x 6 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1944.225.a", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "b399b1e28d808558", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Petain Medal, 1922. Èmile Séraphin Vernier (French, 1852–1927). Bronze; diameter: 6.9 cm (2 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Lawrence Hitchcock, 1923.419", "Bowl: Bust of Paul, c. 1535. Italy. Tin-glazed earthenware with gold and red lustre (maiolica); diameter: 25.4 cm (10 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of John L. Severance, 1942.628", "Sugar Bowl (Sucrier), 1745–48. Sèvres Porcelain Factory (French, est. 1756), Vincennes Porcelain Factory (France, 1740–56). Soft-paste porcelain with enamel decoration; part 1: 8.1 x 16.2 cm (3 3/16 x 6 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1944.225.a", "Candelabrum, c. 1800. France, late 18th-early 19th century. Gilt and patinated metal; overall: 49.9 x 25.7 x 12.3 cm (19 5/8 x 10 1/8 x 4 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Mrs. Severance A. Millikin, 1989.170.1"], "qid": "T2_humanities_6a8e336404da", "question": {"media": "b399b1e28d808558.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"b399b1e28d808558.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "b399b1e28d808558"}
+{"answer": "Sword in 15th Century Gothic Style, 19th century. European, possibly French. Steel, bronze, silver, enamel, leather. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of William H. Riggs, 1913, 14.25.1882.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "6c72c9885fbb29d1", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Pair of Sword-Grip Ornaments (Menuki), 18th century. Japanese. Gold. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Purchase, Joseph Pulitzer Bequest, 1938, 38.55.63a, b.", "Sword in 15th Century Gothic Style, 19th century. European, possibly French. Steel, bronze, silver, enamel, leather. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of William H. Riggs, 1913, 14.25.1882.", "Arrowhead (Yanone), 18th century. Japanese. Steel. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Collection of Giovanni P. Morosini, presented by his daughter Giulia, 1932, 32.75.381.", "Cabasset, ca. 1570. Italian, Milan. Steel, gold, brass, leather, velvet. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Rogers Fund, 1904, 04.3.203."], "qid": "T2_humanities_4438e0afa7ee", "question": {"media": "6c72c9885fbb29d1.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"6c72c9885fbb29d1.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "6c72c9885fbb29d1"}
+{"answer": "Table Screen with Stand (stand), 1644–1911. China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911). Carved wood; overall: 29.8 x 24.4 cm (11 3/4 x 9 5/8 in.); stand: 18.9 x 27.4 x 13 cm (7 7/16 x 10 13/16 x 5 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Cornelia Blakemore Warner, 1947.679.2.b", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "d171eed2460895a5", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Liuxian Pipa (Six-String Pipa) (六弦琵琶), 1800s. China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911). Wood; overall: 100.4 x 31.5 cm (39 1/2 x 12 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Charles G. King Jr. collection; Gift of Ralph King in memory of Charles G. King Jr., 1918.369", "Brush with Carved Design (毛筆), 1573–1619. China, Ming dynasty (1368-1644), Wanli mark and reign (1573-1619). Carved bamboo; overall: 24.2 cm (9 1/2 in.); handle: 21 cm (8 1/4 in.); top: 16.8 cm (6 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Anonymous Gift, 1967.194", "Table Screen with Stand (stand), 1644–1911. China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911). Carved wood; overall: 29.8 x 24.4 cm (11 3/4 x 9 5/8 in.); stand: 18.9 x 27.4 x 13 cm (7 7/16 x 10 13/16 x 5 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Cornelia Blakemore Warner, 1947.679.2.b", "Octafoil Mirror with Two Immortals Crossing the Ocean (渡海二仙菱花鏡), mid-900s–late 1200s. China, Song dynasty (960-1279). Bronze; diameter: 17.6 cm (6 15/16 in.); overall: 1 cm (3/8 in.); rim: 0.6 cm (1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Drs. Thomas and Martha Carter in Honor of Sherman E. Lee, 1995.378"], "qid": "T2_humanities_bf5241024288", "question": {"media": "d171eed2460895a5.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"d171eed2460895a5.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "d171eed2460895a5"}
+{"answer": "Terracotta fragment of a closed shape, late 6th century BCE. Etruscan. Terracotta. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Dietrich von Bothmer, Distinguished Research Curator, Greek and Roman Art, 2011, 2011.604.10.189.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "5574525e1a1be573", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Marble female relief head, 1st–2nd century CE. Roman. Marble. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Fletcher Fund, 1924, 24.97.89.", "Terracotta fragment of an Nicosthenic pyxis (box)?, third quarter of the 6th century BCE. Greek, Attic. Terracotta. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Dietrich von Bothmer, Distinguished Research Curator, Greek and Roman Art, 2011, 2011.604.3.2909.", "Silver skyphos (drinking cup), mid-1st century BCE. Roman. Silver. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Rogers Fund, 1920, 20.49.2.", "Terracotta fragment of a closed shape, late 6th century BCE. Etruscan. Terracotta. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Dietrich von Bothmer, Distinguished Research Curator, Greek and Roman Art, 2011, 2011.604.10.189."], "qid": "T2_humanities_bdc184a642d2", "question": {"media": "5574525e1a1be573.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"5574525e1a1be573.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "5574525e1a1be573"}
+{"answer": "Terracotta fragment of a kylix (drinking cup), 520–500 BCE. Greek, Attic. Terracotta. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Dietrich von Bothmer, Distinguished Research Curator, Greek and Roman Art, 2011, 2011.604.1.5356.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "5296b20bbda0eb13", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Terracotta fragment of a closed shape, late 6th century BCE. Etruscan. Terracotta. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Dietrich von Bothmer, Distinguished Research Curator, Greek and Roman Art, 2011, 2011.604.10.189.", "Terracotta fragment of a kylix (drinking cup), 520–500 BCE. Greek, Attic. Terracotta. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Dietrich von Bothmer, Distinguished Research Curator, Greek and Roman Art, 2011, 2011.604.1.5356.", "Limestone saucer lamp, 5th century BCE ?. Cypriot. Limestone. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Cesnola Collection, Purchased by subscription, 1874–76, 74.51.5144.", "Stone votive relief of an eye, 4th–3rd century BCE. Cypriot. Liimestone. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Cesnola Collection, Purchased by subscription, 1874–76, 74.51.5170."], "qid": "T2_humanities_eb479cdac62c", "question": {"media": "5296b20bbda0eb13.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"5296b20bbda0eb13.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "5296b20bbda0eb13"}
+{"answer": "Terracotta rim fragment of a kylix (drinking cup), late 6th/early 5th century BCE. Greek, Attic. Terracotta. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Dietrich von Bothmer, Distinguished Research Curator, Greek and Roman Art, 2011, 2011.604.1.1959.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "c900d0e231a8e423", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Stone votive relief of an eye, 4th–3rd century BCE. Cypriot. Liimestone. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Cesnola Collection, Purchased by subscription, 1874–76, 74.51.5170.", "Terracotta rim fragment of a kylix (drinking cup), late 6th/early 5th century BCE. Greek, Attic. Terracotta. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Dietrich von Bothmer, Distinguished Research Curator, Greek and Roman Art, 2011, 2011.604.1.1959.", "Silver skyphos (drinking cup), mid-1st century BCE. Roman. Silver. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Rogers Fund, 1920, 20.49.2.", "Terracotta hydria: kalpis (water jar), ca. 430 BCE. Attributed to the manner of the Shuvalov Painter. Terracotta. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Purchase, Sarah Campbell Blaffer Foundation and Schimmel Foundation Inc. Gifts, 1984, 1984.11.1."], "qid": "T2_humanities_49a97995c107", "question": {"media": "c900d0e231a8e423.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"c900d0e231a8e423.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "c900d0e231a8e423"}
+{"answer": "The Great Spaniard, c. 1857–1911. Alphonse Legros (French, 1837–1911). Drypoint. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. Lewis B. Williams Collection, 1944.376", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "4ec77497062dcabe", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Footbridge Temporarily Replacing the Exchange Bridge,Paris, after the fire of 1621, 1860. Charles Meryon (French, 1821–1868). Etching. The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Milton Curtiss Rose Collection in memory of Evelyn Curtiss Rose, 1954.906", "The Large Miseries of War: Distribution of Recompense, 1633. Jacques Callot (French, 1592–1635). Etching. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Charles W. Harkness Endowment Fund, 1923.277.17", "The Great Spaniard, c. 1857–1911. Alphonse Legros (French, 1837–1911). Drypoint. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. Lewis B. Williams Collection, 1944.376", "The Holy Trinity, 1511. Albrecht Dürer (German, 1471–1528). Woodcut. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the President and Directors of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, 1926.106"], "qid": "T2_humanities_28131d83b9b3", "question": {"media": "4ec77497062dcabe.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"4ec77497062dcabe.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "4ec77497062dcabe"}
+{"answer": "The Horrors of War: The Worst is to Beg, c. 1810–20. Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746–1828). Etching. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dudley P. Allen Fund, 1922.571", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "2824bd9e958c8802", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The Lime-burner, 1851. James McNeill Whistler (American, 1834–1903). Etching. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Howard M. Hanna, 1946.172", "The Assumption of the Virgin, c. 1495. Francesco Rosselli (Italian, 1448-about 1513). Engraving printed on two sheets from two plates. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1949.32.a", "The Horrors of War: The Worst is to Beg, c. 1810–20. Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746–1828). Etching. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dudley P. Allen Fund, 1922.571", "# 7from \" Livre second essais de gravjre \" Second book of Engraved Designs, c. 1703. Pierre Bourdon (French). Etching and engraving. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of William Ellery Greene for the Lucy S. Greene Collection, 1963.565"], "qid": "T2_humanities_4e8d30da0154", "question": {"media": "2824bd9e958c8802.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"2824bd9e958c8802.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "2824bd9e958c8802"}
+{"answer": "The Jig, c. 1866. William Sidney Mount (American, 1807–1868). Graphite. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Hinman B. Hurlbut Collection, 1946.1706", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "8e839b2df87974ae", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The Jig, c. 1866. William Sidney Mount (American, 1807–1868). Graphite. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Hinman B. Hurlbut Collection, 1946.1706", "Sketchbook, page 152 & 153: View of the Sea with color notations , 1905–10. Maurice Prendergast (American, born Newfoundland [now Canada], 1858–1924). Graphite; sheet: 18.8 x 11.5 cm (7 3/8 x 4 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Charles E. Prendergast, 1951.423.nnn", "A Squirrel and a Crow, 1913. Arthur Rackham (British, 1867–1939). Ink and graphite; sheet: 27.7 x 22.1 cm (10 7/8 x 8 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Don Hunter, 1954.653", "Allegory, 1818. Charles Abraham Chasselat (French, 1782–1843). Pen and black ink and brush and brown wash, heightened with white gouache; framing lines in black ink; sheet: 15.3 x 9.7 cm (6 x 3 13/16 in.); image: 14.3 x 9.1 cm (5 5/8 x 3 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Henry H. Hawley, 1982.366"], "qid": "T2_humanities_051409ee7d1f", "question": {"media": "8e839b2df87974ae.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"8e839b2df87974ae.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "8e839b2df87974ae"}
+{"answer": "The Square, 1878. Otto H. Bacher (American, 1856–1909). Etching. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Mary H. Bacher, New York, 1915.424", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "bec7db3d231b4f56", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Self-Portrait (10th Plate), c. 1857–1911. Alphonse Legros (French, 1837–1911). Lithograph. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. Lewis B. Williams Collection, 1944.413", "The Mosque Doorway, Cairo, 1910. David Young Cameron (British, 1865–1945). Etching and drypoint. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of James Parmelee, 1940.841", "The Square, 1878. Otto H. Bacher (American, 1856–1909). Etching. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Mary H. Bacher, New York, 1915.424", "The Holy Trinity, 1511. Albrecht Dürer (German, 1471–1528). Woodcut. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the President and Directors of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, 1926.106"], "qid": "T2_humanities_bb72c04ceed2", "question": {"media": "bec7db3d231b4f56.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"bec7db3d231b4f56.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "bec7db3d231b4f56"}
+{"answer": "View at Villa d'Este, Tivoli, 1817. Claude Thiénon (French, 1772–1846). Lithograph. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Twenty-fifth anniversary gift, Mr. and Mrs. Lewis B. Williams Collection, 1941.261", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "2a557f8f75bfb516", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Self-Portrait, c. 1925. Pierre Louis Gatier (French, 1878–1944). Etching. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of The Print Club of Cleveland, 1925.976", "View at Villa d'Este, Tivoli, 1817. Claude Thiénon (French, 1772–1846). Lithograph. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Twenty-fifth anniversary gift, Mr. and Mrs. Lewis B. Williams Collection, 1941.261", "The Great Spaniard, c. 1857–1911. Alphonse Legros (French, 1837–1911). Drypoint. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. Lewis B. Williams Collection, 1944.376", "The Large Miseries of War: Distribution of Recompense, 1633. Jacques Callot (French, 1592–1635). Etching. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Charles W. Harkness Endowment Fund, 1923.277.17"], "qid": "T2_humanities_e0cadf6e7448", "question": {"media": "2a557f8f75bfb516.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"2a557f8f75bfb516.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "2a557f8f75bfb516"}
+{"answer": "View from the Lawn, Dennicanniby, 1870s. Vernon Heath (British, 1819–1895). Carbon print; image: 58.5 x 72.5 cm (23 1/16 x 28 9/16 in.); matted: 81.3 x 96.5 cm (32 x 38 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 2000.85", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "72aff6beb54d7f97", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["St. Jean de Lateran, Rome, c. 1860. Attributed to Tommaso Cuccioni (Italian, 1864). Albumen print from collodion negative; image: 22.7 x 30.8 cm (8 15/16 x 12 1/8 in.); mounted: 31.2 x 45.8 cm (12 5/16 x 18 1/16 in.); paper: 22.7 x 30.8 cm (8 15/16 x 12 1/8 in.); matted: 40.6 x 50.8 cm (16 x 20 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Michael Mattis and Judith Hochberg, 2012.438", "Architect with his drawings, c. 1850. America. Daguerreotype, sixth plate; overall: 8.3 x 7 cm (3 1/4 x 2 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Michael Mattis and Judith Hochberg, 2021.75", "Captain Falkner's Bungalow, Neemuch (recto, top); Col. Carpendale and family, Neemuch (recto, bottom); Major Creagh's home, Mhon (verso), c. 1882–87. Raja Deen Dayal (Indian, 1844–1905). Albumen print; image: 12.8 x 19.5 cm (5 1/16 x 7 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 2023.121.3", "View from the Lawn, Dennicanniby, 1870s. Vernon Heath (British, 1819–1895). Carbon print; image: 58.5 x 72.5 cm (23 1/16 x 28 9/16 in.); matted: 81.3 x 96.5 cm (32 x 38 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 2000.85"], "qid": "T2_humanities_e79a7e2c9ae3", "question": {"media": "72aff6beb54d7f97.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"72aff6beb54d7f97.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "72aff6beb54d7f97"}
+{"answer": "Wine Glass, 1860–70. New England Glass Company (American, East Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1818–1888). Pressed glass. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Emily Winthrop Miles, 1946, 46.140.819.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "2f47605dd1971f63", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Wine Glass, 1860–70. New England Glass Company (American, East Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1818–1888). Pressed glass. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Emily Winthrop Miles, 1946, 46.140.819.", "Windowpane, 18th century. American. Free-blown green glass. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Rogers Fund, 1910, 10.60.2.", "Footed Bowl, 1850–70. American. Pressed glass. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Emily Winthrop Miles, 1946, 46.140.5.", "George Washington before the Battle of Trenton, ca. 1792–94. John Trumbull (American, Lebanon, Connecticut 1756–1843 New York). Oil on canvas. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Bequest of Grace Wilkes, 1922, 22.45.9."], "qid": "T2_humanities_9ee19a2b4c18", "question": {"media": "2f47605dd1971f63.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"2f47605dd1971f63.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "2f47605dd1971f63"}
+{"answer": "Woven Fragment, 14th–15th century. Peru; central coast (?). Camelid hair, cotton. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Rogers Fund, 1909, 09.50.1422.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "e769ef6b573879c5", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Knife, Hand, 1st–3rd century. Moche. Copper (cast), gold. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Carol R. Meyer, 1986, 1986.199.", "Box with Portuguese Horseman, 19th century. Ìgbèsànmwà (ivory- and wood- carving guild) artists. Ivory. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Klaus G. Perls, 1991, 1991.17.64a, b.", "Woven Fragment, 14th–15th century. Peru; central coast (?). Camelid hair, cotton. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Rogers Fund, 1909, 09.50.1422.", "Hammered Silver Miniature Scepter, 8th–mid-16th century. Peru; north coast (?). Copper (?) (hammered), gilt. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Nathan Cummings, 1964, 64.228.636."], "qid": "T2_humanities_bd5ffd0c0d1f", "question": {"media": "e769ef6b573879c5.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"e769ef6b573879c5.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "e769ef6b573879c5"}
+{"answer": "[Rumi Darwaza, Lucknow, India], 1860s–70s. Unknown. Albumen silver print from glass negative. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Matthew Dontzin, 1985, 1985.1168.40.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "c57e468da3421c91", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Samurai, Yokohama, 1864–65. Felice Beato (British (born Italy), Venice 1832–1909 Luxor). Albumen silver print from glass negative. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gilman Collection, Purchase, Robert Rosenkranz Gift, 2005, 2005.100.566.", "[Rumi Darwaza, Lucknow, India], 1860s–70s. Unknown. Albumen silver print from glass negative. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Matthew Dontzin, 1985, 1985.1168.40.", "Bois de Pin fossile coupverticale [Petrified Wood (Pine)], 1853–57. Auguste-Adolphe Bertsch (French, 1813–1871). Salted paper print. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Horace W. Goldsmith Foundation Fund, through Joyce and Robert Menschel, 2024, 2024.5.33.", "Jérusalem, Vallée de Josaphat, Tombeau de St. Jacques, 1854. Auguste Salzmann (French, 1824–1872). Salted paper print from paper negative. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gilman Collection, Gift of The Howard Gilman Foundation, 2005, 2005.100.373.45."], "qid": "T2_humanities_3fc7258c3e12", "question": {"media": "c57e468da3421c91.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"c57e468da3421c91.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "c57e468da3421c91"}
diff --git a/release/gold/T2/law.jsonl b/release/gold/T2/law.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..42f3280d5b3b79fa316efa2cf0c7a8669557184a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/gold/T2/law.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{"answer": "A southbound Red line TRAX train to Daybreak at Courthouse Station in downtown Salt Lake City", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "law", "dossier": "4fa2bd4668d05a6c", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Drawing of four defense lawyers created during the Trial of German Major War Criminals at Nuremberg", "Federal Courthouse, W Broad Ave., Albany, Dougherty County, Georgia", "A southbound Red line TRAX train to Daybreak at Courthouse Station in downtown Salt Lake City", "President pro tempore Patrick Leahy presides over the second impeachment trial of Donald Trump"], "qid": "T2_law_d879e74d1a3e", "question": {"media": "4fa2bd4668d05a6c.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"4fa2bd4668d05a6c.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "4fa2bd4668d05a6c"}
+{"answer": "Allysza Castile (Philando's sister) speaking outside the Ramsey County Courthouse in St Paul, MN after a not guilty verdict was reached in the trial of Officer Jeronimo Yanez for the killing of Philando Castile on July 6, 2016.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "law", "dossier": "f43ffd685dce77a2", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Allysza Castile (Philando's sister) speaking outside the Ramsey County Courthouse in St Paul, MN after a not guilty verdict was reached in the trial of Officer Jeronimo Yanez for the killing of Philando Castile on July 6, 2016.", "U.S. Post Office and Courthouse, 337 Broad Ave. Albany", "Thomas Eagleton courthouse from the west", "The Old Federal Court House (U.S. Court House) in Seattle, 1010 Fifth Avenue, Seattle, Washington, USA, undergoing renovations/restoration in 2007. The building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, ID #80004003. Designed by Stanley Underwood and Louis A. Simon. Seen here from the Seattle Central Library."], "qid": "T2_law_d6c1e09f3ff8", "question": {"media": "f43ffd685dce77a2.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"f43ffd685dce77a2.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "f43ffd685dce77a2"}
+{"answer": "Bobby Seale at the Conspiracy Trial after the 1968 Democratic Convention, Chicago.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "law", "dossier": "1a61a58808de2263", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Frame extracted from newsreel on the Corfu Channel Incident. Judge José Gustavo Guerrero (El Salvador) speaks from the bench.", "Bryan Simpson United States Courthouse, Jacksonville, Duval County, Florida", "Bobby Seale at the Conspiracy Trial after the 1968 Democratic Convention, Chicago.", "Authority of Law (1935, James Earle Fraser) is a marble sculpture at the entrance of the United States Supreme Court Building in Washington, D.C."], "qid": "T2_law_141d0991eb40", "question": {"media": "1a61a58808de2263.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"1a61a58808de2263.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "1a61a58808de2263"}
+{"answer": "Cincinnati, Ohio U.S. Post Office and Courthouse (n.d., ca. 1938) Completed in 1938. Supervising Architect: Louis A. Simon Still in use by the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Ohio and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. Renamed the Potter Stewart United States Courthouse in 1994.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "law", "dossier": "0014391252f976c4", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Toledo, Ohio U.S. Court House and Custom House (1932) Completed in 1932. Supervising Architect: James A. Wetmore Still in use by the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Ohio.", "Richard C. Lee U. S. Courthouse, New Haven, CT", "Photograph of the 1929 United States Federal Courthouse in Des Moines, Iowa.", "Cincinnati, Ohio U.S. Post Office and Courthouse (n.d., ca. 1938) Completed in 1938. Supervising Architect: Louis A. Simon Still in use by the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Ohio and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. Renamed the Potter Stewart United States Courthouse in 1994."], "qid": "T2_law_f6552c5ac9f8", "question": {"media": "0014391252f976c4.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"0014391252f976c4.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "0014391252f976c4"}
+{"answer": "Courtroom in Hamilton County courthouse in Syracuse, Kansas. The Art Deco building was designed by architects Overend & Boucher, and built in 1937.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "law", "dossier": "0c3ff1a5de0d7091", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Winter Supplement: Caricature : \"Heads of the Law\" : The Lord Chief Justice and other senior lawyers : Lord Justice Sterling, Mr Justice Barnes, The Master of the Rolls, Lord Justice Cozens-Hardy, Mr Justice Bigham, The Lord Chief Justice, Mr Justice Wright, Lord Justice Romer, Lord Justice Williams and Lord Justice Mathew. Double print.", "w:United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh, PA", "Original Caption: President Ulysses S. Grant's Commutation of Oscar Snow's Death Sentence U.S. National Archives’ ARC ID: 5898023 Creator: U.S. District Court for the Fort Smith Division of the Western District of Arkansas Subjects: Fort Smith, Arkansas U.S. District Court Western Division of Arkansas Oscar Snow President Ulysses S. Grant 1875 Contact(s): National Archives at Fort Worth (RM-FW), 1400 John Burgess Drive, Fort Worth, TX, 76140. PHONE: 817-551-2051; FAX: 817-551-2034; EMAIL: ftworth.archives@nara.gov. File Unit: Criminal Defendant Case File for Oscar Snow, 1874 - 1874 Persistent URL: arcweb.archives.gov/arc/action/ExternalIdSearch?id=5898023 Access Restrictions: Unrestricted Use Restrictions: Unrestricted", "Courtroom in Hamilton County courthouse in Syracuse, Kansas. The Art Deco building was designed by architects Overend & Boucher, and built in 1937."], "qid": "T2_law_ace9eb5ddc1a", "question": {"media": "0c3ff1a5de0d7091.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"0c3ff1a5de0d7091.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "0c3ff1a5de0d7091"}
+{"answer": "Description: William Jennings Bryan (seated at left) being interrogated by Clarence Seward Darrow, during the trial of the State of Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes, July 20, 1925. That Monday afternoon, because of the extreme heat, Judge Raulston moved court proceedings outdoors. The session was held on a platform that had been erected at the front of the Rhea County Courthouse to accommodate ministers who wanted to preach during the time of the trial. Defense lawyers for Scopes (John R. Neal, Arthur Garfield Hays, and Dudley Field Malone) are visible seated to the extreme right. One of the men at left, with his back to the photographer, appears to be Scopes. The court reporters are seated at the table. Creator/Photographer: Watson Davis Medium: Black and white photographic print Dimensions: 3 in x 4.25 in Culture: American Geography: USA Date: 1925 Persistent URL: photography.si.edu/SearchImage.aspx?id=5269 Repository: Smithsonian Institution Archives Collection: Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes Trial Photographs - During 1925, Watson Davis (1896-1967), Science Service managing editor, took numerous photographs while covering the State of Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes trial as a reporter. In what was dubbed \"The Trial of the Century,\" Scopes was tried and convicted for violating a state law prohibiting the teaching of the theory of evolution. William Jennings Bryan served on the prosecution team, and Clarence Darrow defended Scopes. Almost eighty years later, the nitrate negatives, including portraits of trial participants, and images from the trial itself and significant places in Dayton, were discovered in archival material donated to the Smithsonian by Science Service in 1971. Marcel C. LaFollette, an independent scholar, historian and Smithsonian volunteer uncovered these rare, previously unpublished photographs of the 1925 Tennessee vs. John Scopes \"Monkey Trial\" in the Smithsonian Institution Archives (SIA). In 2005, SIA restored fifty-two of the negatives with funds granted by the Smithsonian Women's Committee. Included here are thirty-nine of the images. All images belong to the Record Unit 7091: Science Service, Records, 1902-1965 collection of SIA. All photographs were taken by Watson Davis, Managing Editor of Science Service, while he was in Dayton, Tennessee, June 4-5, 1925, and July 10-22, 1925. LaFollette identified and dated each of these images, and has published a new book highlighting these and other images from the trial entitled, Reframing Scopes: Journalists, Scientists, and Lost Photographs from the Trial of the Century, University Press of Kansas, 2008. Accession number: SIA2007-0124", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "law", "dossier": "38174c8535a05e9f", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Description: William Jennings Bryan (seated at left) being interrogated by Clarence Seward Darrow, during the trial of the State of Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes, July 20, 1925. That Monday afternoon, because of the extreme heat, Judge Raulston moved court proceedings outdoors. The session was held on a platform that had been erected at the front of the Rhea County Courthouse to accommodate ministers who wanted to preach during the time of the trial. Defense lawyers for Scopes (John R. Neal, Arthur Garfield Hays, and Dudley Field Malone) are visible seated to the extreme right. One of the men at left, with his back to the photographer, appears to be Scopes. The court reporters are seated at the table. Creator/Photographer: Watson Davis Medium: Black and white photographic print Dimensions: 3 in x 4.25 in Culture: American Geography: USA Date: 1925 Persistent URL: photography.si.edu/SearchImage.aspx?id=5269 Repository: Smithsonian Institution Archives Collection: Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes Trial Photographs - During 1925, Watson Davis (1896-1967), Science Service managing editor, took numerous photographs while covering the State of Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes trial as a reporter. In what was dubbed \"The Trial of the Century,\" Scopes was tried and convicted for violating a state law prohibiting the teaching of the theory of evolution. William Jennings Bryan served on the prosecution team, and Clarence Darrow defended Scopes. Almost eighty years later, the nitrate negatives, including portraits of trial participants, and images from the trial itself and significant places in Dayton, were discovered in archival material donated to the Smithsonian by Science Service in 1971. Marcel C. LaFollette, an independent scholar, historian and Smithsonian volunteer uncovered these rare, previously unpublished photographs of the 1925 Tennessee vs. John Scopes \"Monkey Trial\" in the Smithsonian Institution Archives (SIA). In 2005, SIA restored fifty-two of the negatives with funds granted by the Smithsonian Women's Committee. Included here are thirty-nine of the images. All images belong to the Record Unit 7091: Science Service, Records, 1902-1965 collection of SIA. All photographs were taken by Watson Davis, Managing Editor of Science Service, while he was in Dayton, Tennessee, June 4-5, 1925, and July 10-22, 1925. LaFollette identified and dated each of these images, and has published a new book highlighting these and other images from the trial entitled, Reframing Scopes: Journalists, Scientists, and Lost Photographs from the Trial of the Century, University Press of Kansas, 2008. Accession number: SIA2007-0124", "Authority of Law (1935, James Earle Fraser) is a marble sculpture at the entrance of the United States Supreme Court Building in Washington, D.C.", "Carl B. Stokes United States Courthouse, Cleveland, OH", "Drawing of four defense lawyers created during the Trial of German Major War Criminals at Nuremberg"], "qid": "T2_law_71e2c452f040", "question": {"media": "38174c8535a05e9f.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"38174c8535a05e9f.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "38174c8535a05e9f"}
+{"answer": "Friedrich Bartels as a witness during the Nuremberg Trials.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "law", "dossier": "a0b8da83e6d10abf", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Oskar Welzl as a witness durin the Nuremberg Trials.", "Walter Laermann as a witness during the Nuremberg Trials.", "Friedrich Bartels as a witness during the Nuremberg Trials.", "Werner von Hoven as a witness during the Nuremberg Trials."], "qid": "T2_law_75cd1d0d2d02", "question": {"media": "a0b8da83e6d10abf.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"a0b8da83e6d10abf.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "a0b8da83e6d10abf"}
+{"answer": "Front façade of the United States Supreme Court Building", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "law", "dossier": "cc723923ab6802d0", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Springfield, Illinois, where Lincoln practiced law and served in legislature, digital copy of slide. Complete indexed photo collection at WorldHistoryPics.com.", "Front façade of the United States Supreme Court Building", "FAN Members hold vigil during the Supreme Court hearings on Arizona's immigration law SB 1070.", "11 August 1900 Judge magazine cover cartoon. \"A POWERFUL DEMOCRATIC ARGUMENT AGAINST IMPERIALISM\". “Bryan- ‘Everybody is against imperialism. Now, here’s Me and the Boxer and the Filipino. What more do youse want?” Caricature shows William Jennings Bryan dressed as a jester wearing a sign, \"I AM AGAINST AMERICAN IMPERIALISM\"; he is flanked by two sinister figures with hostile expressions wearing similar signs; the one on the left is labeled \"Chinese Boxer\" and holds a blood-dripping sword; the one on the right labeled \"Filipino\" in ragged clothes carrying a spear. The Judge wordmark is flanked by two pails with the words \"FOUR MORE YEARS OF THE FULL DINNER PAIL\" written on them, a slogan used by Bryan's main rival in the 1900 United States presidential election, William McKinley."], "qid": "T2_law_7c8c0292bf9e", "question": {"media": "cc723923ab6802d0.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"cc723923ab6802d0.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "cc723923ab6802d0"}
+{"answer": "Galveston, Texas U.S. Court House (1917) Completed in 1861. Supervising Architect: Ammi B. Young Extension completed in 1918. Supervising Architect of extension: James A. Wetmore The U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas met here until 1891; the U.S. Circuit Court for the Eastern District of Texas met here from 1862 until 1891; the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas met here from 1917 until 1937. Now leased by the Government Services Administration to the Galveston Historical Foundation.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "law", "dossier": "050775d80c2fa062", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Galveston, Texas U.S. Court House (1917) Completed in 1861. Supervising Architect: Ammi B. Young Extension completed in 1918. Supervising Architect of extension: James A. Wetmore The U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas met here until 1891; the U.S. Circuit Court for the Eastern District of Texas met here from 1862 until 1891; the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas met here from 1917 until 1937. Now leased by the Government Services Administration to the Galveston Historical Foundation.", "Toledo, Ohio U.S. Court House and Custom House (1932) Completed in 1932. Supervising Architect: James A. Wetmore Still in use by the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Ohio.", "Cincinnati, Ohio U.S. Post Office and Courthouse (n.d., ca. 1938) Completed in 1938. Supervising Architect: Louis A. Simon Still in use by the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Ohio and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. Renamed the Potter Stewart United States Courthouse in 1994.", "Photograph of the 1929 United States Federal Courthouse in Des Moines, Iowa."], "qid": "T2_law_c9910de79e89", "question": {"media": "050775d80c2fa062.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"050775d80c2fa062.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "050775d80c2fa062"}
+{"answer": "Glenda Hatchett outside the courthouse at the end of day 4 of jury deliberations in the trial of officer Jeronimo Yanez in the shooting death of Philando Castile on July 6, 2016.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "law", "dossier": "b63eaab21d1fd5a9", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["US Courthouse Bulding (351 S. West Temple) in Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.", "Glenda Hatchett outside the courthouse at the end of day 4 of jury deliberations in the trial of officer Jeronimo Yanez in the shooting death of Philando Castile on July 6, 2016.", "The jury box in the Pershing County, Nevada, Courthouse. Unusually, this jury box is in the middle of the room.", "Back entry of Moakley Courthouse, Seaport District, Boston, Massachusetts, US (PPL1-Corrected)"], "qid": "T2_law_bbbc7f40ee6e", "question": {"media": "b63eaab21d1fd5a9.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"b63eaab21d1fd5a9.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "b63eaab21d1fd5a9"}
+{"answer": "Grounds at the Gateway Arch, Jefferson Nat'l Exp Mem Nat'l Historic Site with the Old St. Louis County Courthouse‎ visible in the west, St. Louis, Missouri.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "law", "dossier": "2ee3259fbaafa8b7", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["International Court of Justice hearing in the case of \"Application of the Interim Accord of 13 September 1995 (the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia v. Greece)\"", "1936 Government photo of the US Court House in El Paso, Texas.", "Court 3 of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom", "Grounds at the Gateway Arch, Jefferson Nat'l Exp Mem Nat'l Historic Site with the Old St. Louis County Courthouse‎ visible in the west, St. Louis, Missouri."], "qid": "T2_law_5605aa36cd46", "question": {"media": "2ee3259fbaafa8b7.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"2ee3259fbaafa8b7.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "2ee3259fbaafa8b7"}
+{"answer": "International Court of Justice hearing in the case of \"Application of the Interim Accord of 13 September 1995 (the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia v. Greece)\"", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "law", "dossier": "257c5d3053f92ad7", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["A southbound Red line TRAX train to Daybreak at Courthouse Station in downtown Salt Lake City", "Looking northeast from Old Ferry Road across Tillary Street at new Federal courthouse on a sunny midday. See File:Bklyn Fed Court Boerum Tillary jeh.JPG for a rosier look.", "Glenda Hatchett outside the courthouse at the end of day 4 of jury deliberations in the trial of officer Jeronimo Yanez in the shooting death of Philando Castile on July 6, 2016.", "International Court of Justice hearing in the case of \"Application of the Interim Accord of 13 September 1995 (the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia v. Greece)\""], "qid": "T2_law_9e4e3c6cfe89", "question": {"media": "257c5d3053f92ad7.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description serves as the authoritative description of the image \"257c5d3053f92ad7.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "257c5d3053f92ad7"}
+{"answer": "Joachim von Ribbentrop (sitting), former Foreign Minister, and Baldur von Schirach (standing), former leader of the Hitler Youth, during a recess at the International Military Tribunal trial of war criminals at Nuremberg. Date: Nov 20, 1945 - Oct 1, 1946 Locale: Nuremberg, [Bavaria] Germany", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "law", "dossier": "f4f346723d9fecd7", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Courtroom sketch by Marguerite Martyn of women spectators at trial of Dora Doxey, printed in St. Louis Post-Dispatch on June 2, 1910", "Drawing of four defense lawyers created during the Trial of German Major War Criminals at Nuremberg", "Joachim von Ribbentrop (sitting), former Foreign Minister, and Baldur von Schirach (standing), former leader of the Hitler Youth, during a recess at the International Military Tribunal trial of war criminals at Nuremberg. Date: Nov 20, 1945 - Oct 1, 1946 Locale: Nuremberg, [Bavaria] Germany", "Federal Courthouse, W Broad Ave., Albany, Dougherty County, Georgia"], "qid": "T2_law_8651b6390e6e", "question": {"media": "f4f346723d9fecd7.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"f4f346723d9fecd7.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "f4f346723d9fecd7"}
+{"answer": "Looking northeast from Old Ferry Road across Tillary Street at new Federal courthouse on a sunny midday. See File:Bklyn Fed Court Boerum Tillary jeh.JPG for a rosier look.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "law", "dossier": "23314aa71f3d1b56", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["U.S. Court Of Military Appeals Took at WikiExpedition of WM2012 (Target:A-12)", "Eldon B Mahon Courthouse in Fort Worth, Texas", "Looking northeast from Old Ferry Road across Tillary Street at new Federal courthouse on a sunny midday. See File:Bklyn Fed Court Boerum Tillary jeh.JPG for a rosier look.", "Sixteen of the nineteen defendants on trial for war crimes committed during the war at Dora-Mittelbau. Locale: Dachau, [Bavaria] Germany"], "qid": "T2_law_32ea0de4dd6b", "question": {"media": "23314aa71f3d1b56.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"23314aa71f3d1b56.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "23314aa71f3d1b56"}
+{"answer": "North side of Pioneer Courthouse in downtown Portland, Oregon in January 2012", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "law", "dossier": "f5b3016b8b08dbc4", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The Warren B. Rudman U.S. Courthouse in Concord, New Hampshire, serving the United States District Court for the District of New Hampshire.", "Photomechanical print (postcard) : halftone, colored Divided back No. S-21 Still in existence as Donald S. Russell Courthouse, 201 Magnolia Street", "North side of Pioneer Courthouse in downtown Portland, Oregon in January 2012", "The Robert H. Jackson Federal Courthouse (left) and Buffalo City Hall (right) frame the Niagara Street approach to Niagara Square."], "qid": "T2_law_8b17e2bd3839", "question": {"media": "f5b3016b8b08dbc4.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"f5b3016b8b08dbc4.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "f5b3016b8b08dbc4"}
+{"answer": "Paul Neumann Making His Address On The Behalf Of The Ex-Queen At Her Trial In The Palace – Newspaper illustration of Liliuokalani's public trial by a military tribunal in 1895 in the former throne room of the Iolani Palace.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "law", "dossier": "a5a093bcd4cac43f", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Court 1 in the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. Detail of the lights.", "Paul Neumann Making His Address On The Behalf Of The Ex-Queen At Her Trial In The Palace – Newspaper illustration of Liliuokalani's public trial by a military tribunal in 1895 in the former throne room of the Iolani Palace.", "Hugo L Black United States Courthouse in Birmingham, AL", "Norma McCorvey (Jane Roe) and her lawyer Gloria Allred on the steps of the Supreme Court, 1989"], "qid": "T2_law_083ce988775f", "question": {"media": "a5a093bcd4cac43f.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"a5a093bcd4cac43f.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "a5a093bcd4cac43f"}
+{"answer": "Photograph of the 1929 United States Federal Courthouse in Des Moines, Iowa.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "law", "dossier": "82507421566503ed", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Toledo, Ohio U.S. Court House and Custom House (1932) Completed in 1932. Supervising Architect: James A. Wetmore Still in use by the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Ohio.", "Butte, Montana U.S. Post Office (1933) Completed in 1904. Supervising Architect: James Knox Taylor Extension completed in 1933. Supervising Architect of extension: James A. Wetmore Still in use by the U.S. District Court for the District of Montana; the U.S. Circuit Court for the District of Montana met here until that court was abolished in 1912. Renamed the Mike Mansfield Federal Building and United States Courthouse in 2002.", "Cincinnati, Ohio U.S. Post Office and Courthouse (n.d., ca. 1938) Completed in 1938. Supervising Architect: Louis A. Simon Still in use by the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Ohio and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. Renamed the Potter Stewart United States Courthouse in 1994.", "Photograph of the 1929 United States Federal Courthouse in Des Moines, Iowa."], "qid": "T2_law_a57004933bff", "question": {"media": "82507421566503ed.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"82507421566503ed.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "82507421566503ed"}
+{"answer": "Robert T. Matsui United States Courthouse", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "law", "dossier": "dd9a080223ec5b05", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Comprehensive view of the Rush Hudson Limbaugh, Sr. United States Courthouse, located at 555 Independence Street in Cape Girardeau, Missouri, United States. It was built in 2008.", "Robert T. Matsui United States Courthouse", "Prof. Salo Wittmayer Baron testifying at Adolf Eichmann's trial in Jerusalem, 1961", "Variable light levels and multiple light sources contribute to the historic character and elegance of this early 20th century courtroom."], "qid": "T2_law_7084e62c5f4d", "question": {"media": "dd9a080223ec5b05.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"dd9a080223ec5b05.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "dd9a080223ec5b05"}
+{"answer": "Sukarno leaving Supreme Court of the United States", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "law", "dossier": "46c8f3fee8160e1a", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Senator Mike Lee moves to strike part of prosecution's presentation", "1936 Government photo of the US Court House in El Paso, Texas.", "Sukarno leaving Supreme Court of the United States", "United States Supreme Court building under restauration"], "qid": "T2_law_3e590613f607", "question": {"media": "46c8f3fee8160e1a.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"46c8f3fee8160e1a.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "46c8f3fee8160e1a"}
+{"answer": "The Diana E. Murphy United States Courthouse, the federal court house for the U.S. District of Minnesota, in downtown Minneapolis, Minnesota.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "law", "dossier": "fb70bd0ef7e7b03b", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["A southbound Red line TRAX train to Daybreak at Courthouse Station in downtown Salt Lake City", "Courtroom in the Arkansas County Northern District Courthouse", "U.S. Post Office and Courthouse Plaque, Albany, Dougherty County, Georgia", "The Diana E. Murphy United States Courthouse, the federal court house for the U.S. District of Minnesota, in downtown Minneapolis, Minnesota."], "qid": "T2_law_be24986b6060", "question": {"media": "fb70bd0ef7e7b03b.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"fb70bd0ef7e7b03b.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "fb70bd0ef7e7b03b"}
+{"answer": "The Thomas Eagleton courthouse seen sparkling in the sun", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "law", "dossier": "d8858374965eec69", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Large hearing hall in Israel supreme court Elitzur Segal in the court waiting to here the supreme court's verdict.", "The Thomas Eagleton courthouse seen sparkling in the sun", "Audiencia Pública Caso San Miguel Sosa y otras Vs. Venezuela", "The historic James A. Redden Federal Courthouse (built 1915), located at 310 West 6th Street in Medford, Oregon, United States, is listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places under the name \"U.S. Post Office and Courthouse\". It is additionally listed as a contributing resource in the Medford Downtown Historic District, which is also listed on the National Register."], "qid": "T2_law_613ed9a2fc16", "question": {"media": "d8858374965eec69.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"d8858374965eec69.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "d8858374965eec69"}
+{"answer": "The former United States Courthouse in downtown Rock Island, Illinois.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "law", "dossier": "2bedd3e3e5db6fae", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The Supreme Court Room in Independence Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.", "Former U.S. Post Office and Courthouse in Fort Dodge, Iowa.", "The former United States Courthouse in downtown Rock Island, Illinois.", "Edward J. Devitt U.S. Courthouse and Federal Building in Fergus Falls, Minnesota"], "qid": "T2_law_c0ce74a10d34", "question": {"media": "2bedd3e3e5db6fae.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"2bedd3e3e5db6fae.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "2bedd3e3e5db6fae"}
+{"answer": "The house managers introduced the indictment of Donald Trump under three headings: Provocation, Attack and the Harm. The first part of the Provocation is titled \"The Big Lie: The Election was stolen\"", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "law", "dossier": "842ebce1ca9d9885", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The house managers introduced the indictment of Donald Trump under three headings: Provocation, Attack and the Harm. The first part of the Provocation is titled \"The Big Lie: The Election was stolen\"", "\"The Old Bailey, Known Also as the Central Criminal Court\"", "Missouri River Courthouse, in Great Falls, Montana. As viewed from River Drive, Missouri River in foreground.", "Line at the United States Supreme Court Building to pay final respects to Chief Justice William Renquist"], "qid": "T2_law_9a9094e711c0", "question": {"media": "842ebce1ca9d9885.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"842ebce1ca9d9885.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "842ebce1ca9d9885"}
+{"answer": "The seal of the Judge Advocate General Corps is displayed inside the 28th Bomb Wing courtroom at Ellsworth Air Force Base, S.D., July 17, 2018. The Ellsworth Judge Advocate office serves as the legal advisor for the 28th Bomb Wing. They handle issues including administrative law, government contracting and military law. VIRIN:180717-F-RU464-0026", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "law", "dossier": "5e47e2b4605bee17", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["McMartin trial--Virginia McMartin, top, founder of McMartin Pre-School in Manhattan Beach, and grand-daughter Peggy Ann Buckley in Los Angeles courtroom, where they appeared with five other defendants for a preliminary hearing in child-molestation case. Municipal Judge Aviva K. Bobb rejected continuance motions.", "en:Pioneer Courthouse as seen from en:Pioneer Courthouse Square", "The Old Saint Louis County Courthouse as seen from the top of the Gateway Arch in Saint Louis, Missouri", "The seal of the Judge Advocate General Corps is displayed inside the 28th Bomb Wing courtroom at Ellsworth Air Force Base, S.D., July 17, 2018. The Ellsworth Judge Advocate office serves as the legal advisor for the 28th Bomb Wing. They handle issues including administrative law, government contracting and military law. VIRIN:180717-F-RU464-0026"], "qid": "T2_law_ac70a7c4d296", "question": {"media": "5e47e2b4605bee17.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"5e47e2b4605bee17.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "5e47e2b4605bee17"}
+{"answer": "Title: Ewing T. Kerr Federal Building, Casper, Wyoming Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Notes: Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Courthouse built by James A. Wetmore during the years 1930-1932. Neo-classical Revival style.; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Title, date, and subject note provided by the photographer.; Forms part of the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "law", "dossier": "94cbeb20e145b915", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Title: Interior doorway art detail. Art Deco style Federal Building & U.S. Courthouse, Monroe, Louisiana Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, tiff file, color. Notes: Architect: James A. Wetmore.; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Title, date and keywords from information provided by the photographer.; Purchase; Carol M. Highsmith; 2015; (DLC/PP-2015:143).; Forms part of: Photographs in the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.;", "Title: Painting \"Justice and the Prairie\" at the Robert J. Dole Federal Building & U.S. Courthouse, Kansas City, Kansas Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Notes: Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Title information, date, and subject note provided by the photographer.; Artist: Richard Haas, 1994. Acrylic, dimensions: 9' x 23'.; Forms part of the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.", "Title: Ewing T. Kerr Federal Building, Casper, Wyoming Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Notes: Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Courthouse built by James A. Wetmore during the years 1930-1932. Neo-classical Revival style.; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Title, date, and subject note provided by the photographer.; Forms part of the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.", "Identifier: newyorksgreatind00edwa (find matches) Title: New York's great industries : exchange and commercial review, embracing also historical and descriptive sketch of the city, its leading merchants and manufacturers ... Year: 1884 (1880s) Authors: Edwards, Richard, fl. 1855-85 Subjects: Industrialists Publisher: New York: Historical Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries Digitizing Sponsor: Smithsonian Libraries View Book Page: Book Viewer About This Book: Catalog Entry View All Images: All Images From Book Click here to view book online to see this illustration in context in a browseable online version of this book. Text Appearing Before Image: atest appliances, includingforming, pouncing, stiffening and blocking machines, em-ployment being furnished to a large number of skilled Brow Brothers & Co. 59 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, 209 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, 66 State Street, Boston, AND ALEXANDER BRIM & SONS, Corner Baltimore and Calvert Streets, Baltimore, BUY ^ SELL BILLS OF EXCHANGE ON Great Britain and Ireland, France, Germany, Belgium, Holland, Switzerland,Norway, Denmark, Sweden, and Australia. ISSUE COMMERCIAL AND TRAVELERS CREDITS, IN STERLING, Available in any part of tie world, in Dollars for nse in this and adjacent countries,and in Francs, for nse in Martinique and Guadaloupe. fl(l TELEGRAPHIG IRJUPIS OF MOJCET BETWEEN THIS COUNTRY AND EUROPE. MAKE COLLECTIONS OF DRAFTS DRAWN ABROAD On all points in the United States and Canada. And OF DRAFTS DRAWN IN THEUNITED STATES on all Foreign Countries. BROWN, SHIPLEY & CO,, BROWN, SHIPLEY & CO., 26 Chapel Street, Liverpool. Founders Court, Lothbury, London Text Appearing After Image: ST. PAULS. GENERAL POST OFFICE. HERALD BUILDING ^ Note About Images Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work."], "qid": "T2_law_2e0f9bd00b6e", "question": {"media": "94cbeb20e145b915.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"94cbeb20e145b915.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "94cbeb20e145b915"}
+{"answer": "Title: Office of the Secretary of the Senate, Washington, D.C. - preparing the summons for President Johnson to appear before the court of impeachment Abstract/medium: 1 print : wood engraving.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "law", "dossier": "4f6c85588c1a060c", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Title: Corridor, Lobby, Atrium, Howard M. Metzenbaum U.S. Courthouse, Cleveland, Ohio Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Forms part of the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.; Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Title and date provided by the photographer.", "Identifier: newyorksgreatind00edwa (find matches) Title: New York's great industries : exchange and commercial review, embracing also historical and descriptive sketch of the city, its leading merchants and manufacturers ... Year: 1884 (1880s) Authors: Edwards, Richard, fl. 1855-85 Subjects: Industrialists Publisher: New York: Historical Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries Digitizing Sponsor: Smithsonian Libraries View Book Page: Book Viewer About This Book: Catalog Entry View All Images: All Images From Book Click here to view book online to see this illustration in context in a browseable online version of this book. Text Appearing Before Image: atest appliances, includingforming, pouncing, stiffening and blocking machines, em-ployment being furnished to a large number of skilled Brow Brothers & Co. 59 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, 209 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, 66 State Street, Boston, AND ALEXANDER BRIM & SONS, Corner Baltimore and Calvert Streets, Baltimore, BUY ^ SELL BILLS OF EXCHANGE ON Great Britain and Ireland, France, Germany, Belgium, Holland, Switzerland,Norway, Denmark, Sweden, and Australia. ISSUE COMMERCIAL AND TRAVELERS CREDITS, IN STERLING, Available in any part of tie world, in Dollars for nse in this and adjacent countries,and in Francs, for nse in Martinique and Guadaloupe. fl(l TELEGRAPHIG IRJUPIS OF MOJCET BETWEEN THIS COUNTRY AND EUROPE. MAKE COLLECTIONS OF DRAFTS DRAWN ABROAD On all points in the United States and Canada. And OF DRAFTS DRAWN IN THEUNITED STATES on all Foreign Countries. BROWN, SHIPLEY & CO,, BROWN, SHIPLEY & CO., 26 Chapel Street, Liverpool. Founders Court, Lothbury, London Text Appearing After Image: ST. PAULS. GENERAL POST OFFICE. HERALD BUILDING ^ Note About Images Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.", "Title: Painting \"On This Spot Stood the 1st Chinese Settlement in Sacramento\" at the Robert T. Matsui U.S. Courthouse, Sacramento, California Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Notes: Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Artist: Tony Berlant, 1999; mixed materials, measuring 80 x 80 inches.; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Title information, date, and subject note provided by the photographer.; Forms part of the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.", "Title: Office of the Secretary of the Senate, Washington, D.C. - preparing the summons for President Johnson to appear before the court of impeachment Abstract/medium: 1 print : wood engraving."], "qid": "T2_law_c827b3efa54c", "question": {"media": "4f6c85588c1a060c.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"4f6c85588c1a060c.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "4f6c85588c1a060c"}
+{"answer": "Title: Painting \"Trading\" at U.S. Courthouse, Harrisonburg, Virginia Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Notes: Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Artist: William Calfee, 1943. Oil, dimensions: 96' x 5 3/4\".; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Title information, date, and subject note provided by the photographer.; Forms part of the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "law", "dossier": "516af09eaf96c825", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Title: John W. McCormack U.S. Post Office and Courthouse, Boston, Massachusetts Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Notes: Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Built in 1931-1933. Architect: Cram & Ferguson. Building consists of three towers rising above a five story base. It is 16 stories tall. The exterior is an excellent example of Art Deco institutional design.; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Title, date, and subject note provided by the photographer.; Forms part of the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.", "Title: Stairs, U.S. Courthouse, Tallahassee, Florida Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Notes: Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Forms part of the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Architect: Eric Kebbon.; Title, date, and subject note provided by the photographer.; Built between 1935-1936.", "Title: Painting \"Trading\" at U.S. Courthouse, Harrisonburg, Virginia Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Notes: Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Artist: William Calfee, 1943. Oil, dimensions: 96' x 5 3/4\".; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Title information, date, and subject note provided by the photographer.; Forms part of the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.", "Identifier: newyorksgreatind00edwa (find matches) Title: New York's great industries : exchange and commercial review, embracing also historical and descriptive sketch of the city, its leading merchants and manufacturers ... Year: 1884 (1880s) Authors: Edwards, Richard, fl. 1855-85 Subjects: Industrialists Publisher: New York: Historical Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries Digitizing Sponsor: Smithsonian Libraries View Book Page: Book Viewer About This Book: Catalog Entry View All Images: All Images From Book Click here to view book online to see this illustration in context in a browseable online version of this book. Text Appearing Before Image: atest appliances, includingforming, pouncing, stiffening and blocking machines, em-ployment being furnished to a large number of skilled Brow Brothers & Co. 59 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, 209 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, 66 State Street, Boston, AND ALEXANDER BRIM & SONS, Corner Baltimore and Calvert Streets, Baltimore, BUY ^ SELL BILLS OF EXCHANGE ON Great Britain and Ireland, France, Germany, Belgium, Holland, Switzerland,Norway, Denmark, Sweden, and Australia. ISSUE COMMERCIAL AND TRAVELERS CREDITS, IN STERLING, Available in any part of tie world, in Dollars for nse in this and adjacent countries,and in Francs, for nse in Martinique and Guadaloupe. fl(l TELEGRAPHIG IRJUPIS OF MOJCET BETWEEN THIS COUNTRY AND EUROPE. MAKE COLLECTIONS OF DRAFTS DRAWN ABROAD On all points in the United States and Canada. And OF DRAFTS DRAWN IN THEUNITED STATES on all Foreign Countries. BROWN, SHIPLEY & CO,, BROWN, SHIPLEY & CO., 26 Chapel Street, Liverpool. Founders Court, Lothbury, London Text Appearing After Image: ST. PAULS. GENERAL POST OFFICE. HERALD BUILDING ^ Note About Images Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work."], "qid": "T2_law_8b8808ae59d3", "question": {"media": "516af09eaf96c825.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"516af09eaf96c825.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "516af09eaf96c825"}
+{"answer": "Title: Sculpture \"Out of There,\" by Clemont Meadmore at the Hale Boggs Federal Building & U.S. Courthouse in New Orleans, Louisiana Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, tiff file, color. Notes: Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Title, date and keywords from information provided by the photographer.; Date: 1978; dimensions: 6' 6\" x 9' 8\" x 16'; medium: aluminum.; Forms part of: Photographs in the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.;", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "law", "dossier": "2cbe1c5f1273b58e", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Identifier: newyorksgreatind00edwa (find matches) Title: New York's great industries : exchange and commercial review, embracing also historical and descriptive sketch of the city, its leading merchants and manufacturers ... Year: 1884 (1880s) Authors: Edwards, Richard, fl. 1855-85 Subjects: Industrialists Publisher: New York: Historical Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries Digitizing Sponsor: Smithsonian Libraries View Book Page: Book Viewer About This Book: Catalog Entry View All Images: All Images From Book Click here to view book online to see this illustration in context in a browseable online version of this book. Text Appearing Before Image: atest appliances, includingforming, pouncing, stiffening and blocking machines, em-ployment being furnished to a large number of skilled Brow Brothers & Co. 59 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, 209 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, 66 State Street, Boston, AND ALEXANDER BRIM & SONS, Corner Baltimore and Calvert Streets, Baltimore, BUY ^ SELL BILLS OF EXCHANGE ON Great Britain and Ireland, France, Germany, Belgium, Holland, Switzerland,Norway, Denmark, Sweden, and Australia. ISSUE COMMERCIAL AND TRAVELERS CREDITS, IN STERLING, Available in any part of tie world, in Dollars for nse in this and adjacent countries,and in Francs, for nse in Martinique and Guadaloupe. fl(l TELEGRAPHIG IRJUPIS OF MOJCET BETWEEN THIS COUNTRY AND EUROPE. MAKE COLLECTIONS OF DRAFTS DRAWN ABROAD On all points in the United States and Canada. And OF DRAFTS DRAWN IN THEUNITED STATES on all Foreign Countries. BROWN, SHIPLEY & CO,, BROWN, SHIPLEY & CO., 26 Chapel Street, Liverpool. Founders Court, Lothbury, London Text Appearing After Image: ST. PAULS. GENERAL POST OFFICE. HERALD BUILDING ^ Note About Images Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.", "Title: Sculpture \"Out of There,\" by Clemont Meadmore at the Hale Boggs Federal Building & U.S. Courthouse in New Orleans, Louisiana Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, tiff file, color. Notes: Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Title, date and keywords from information provided by the photographer.; Date: 1978; dimensions: 6' 6\" x 9' 8\" x 16'; medium: aluminum.; Forms part of: Photographs in the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.;", "Title: Exterior door detail with rider on horse. Art Deco style Federal Building & U.S. Courthouse, Monroe, Louisiana Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, tiff file, color. Notes: Architect: James A. Wetmore.; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Title, date and keywords from information provided by the photographer.; Purchase; Carol M. Highsmith; 2015; (DLC/PP-2015:143).; Forms part of: Photographs in the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.;", "Title: Painting \"On This Spot Stood the 1st Chinese Settlement in Sacramento\" at the Robert T. Matsui U.S. Courthouse, Sacramento, California Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Notes: Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Artist: Tony Berlant, 1999; mixed materials, measuring 80 x 80 inches.; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Title information, date, and subject note provided by the photographer.; Forms part of the Carol M. Highsmith Archive."], "qid": "T2_law_f4e0b495a574", "question": {"media": "2cbe1c5f1273b58e.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"2cbe1c5f1273b58e.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "2cbe1c5f1273b58e"}
+{"answer": "Title: Sculpture \"Passage No. 3\" at the Robert T. Matsui U.S. Courthouse, Sacramento, California Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Notes: Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Artist: Steve Gillman, 1999. Marble, measuring 3' wide x 9' long x 17\" high.; Title information, date, and subject note provided by the photographer.; Forms part of the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "law", "dossier": "41aefe6463abc0b9", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Title: Sculpture \"Passage No. 3\" at the Robert T. Matsui U.S. Courthouse, Sacramento, California Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Notes: Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Artist: Steve Gillman, 1999. Marble, measuring 3' wide x 9' long x 17\" high.; Title information, date, and subject note provided by the photographer.; Forms part of the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.", "Title: Wall details and clock. The Robert S. Vance Federal Building and U.S. Courthouse is a four story white marble building in the classical revival style that occupies an entire block on 5th Avenue, between 18th and 19th Streets, in the central business district of Birmingham, Alabama Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, tiff file, color. Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2013; (DLC/PP-2013:163).; Forms part of: Photographs in the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Title, date and keywords from information provided by the photographer.", "Title: Architectural art \"Eagle Template\" at Federal Building and U.S. Courthouse, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Notes: Artist: Vicki Scuri, 1998. Painted aluminum, exterior measuring 10 x 23 feet.; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Title information, date, and subject note provided by the photographer.; Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Forms part of the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.", "Title: Painting \"The Effects of Good and Bad Government\" at the William Kenzo Nakamura U.S. Courthouse, Seattle, Washington Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Notes: Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Artist: Caleb Ives Bach, 1985. Oil on canvas on masonite board. Building built in 1939-1940 by Architect Gilbert Stanley Underwood in Modernistic style.; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Title information, date, and subject note provided by the photographer.; Forms part of the Carol M. Highsmith Archive."], "qid": "T2_law_688dd2010ee6", "question": {"media": "41aefe6463abc0b9.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"41aefe6463abc0b9.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "41aefe6463abc0b9"}
+{"answer": "Title: Sculpture \"Pillar Arc\" located at the exterior of the U.S. Courthouse, Seattle, Washington Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Notes: Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Title information, date, and subject note provided by the photographer.; Forms part of the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.; Artist: Ming Fay, 2004.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "law", "dossier": "de5e5e9c08a3cf1f", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Title: Sculpture \"Pillar Arc\" located at the exterior of the U.S. Courthouse, Seattle, Washington Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Notes: Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Title information, date, and subject note provided by the photographer.; Forms part of the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.; Artist: Ming Fay, 2004.", "Title: Sculpture \"Passage No. 3\" at the Robert T. Matsui U.S. Courthouse, Sacramento, California Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Notes: Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Artist: Steve Gillman, 1999. Marble, measuring 3' wide x 9' long x 17\" high.; Title information, date, and subject note provided by the photographer.; Forms part of the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.", "Title: Wood detail, James R. Browning U.S. Courthouse, San Francisco, California Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Notes: James Robert Browning, a federal judge, is credited with holding the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit together at a time when there was enormous pressure to split the nation's largest and busiest circuit into smaller, more manageable units.; Gift and purchase; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2010:031).; Forms part of: Carol M. Highsmith's America Project in the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.; Title, date, and subjects provided by the photographer.", "Title: New stair daytime exterior, U.S. Courthouse, Natchez, Mississippi Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Notes: Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Built in 1853 as Memorial Hall, a Greek Revival structure, later turned into a U.S. Courthouse.; Title, date, and subject note provided by the photographer.; Forms part of the Carol M. Highsmith Archive."], "qid": "T2_law_e0a675054340", "question": {"media": "de5e5e9c08a3cf1f.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"de5e5e9c08a3cf1f.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "de5e5e9c08a3cf1f"}
+{"answer": "Title: Sculpture \"Sky Cathedral\" at entrance plaza of Federal Building and U.S. Courthouse, Urbana, Illinois Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Notes: Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Artist: Linda Howard, 1995. Aluminum square tubing, dimensions: 15' 4\" x 11' x 15' 4\".; Title information, date, and subject note provided by the photographer.; Forms part of the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "law", "dossier": "b1996e34c32a1bea", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Title: Painting \"The Effects of Good and Bad Government\" at the William Kenzo Nakamura U.S. Courthouse, Seattle, Washington Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Notes: Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Artist: Caleb Ives Bach, 1985. Oil on canvas on masonite board. Building built in 1939-1940 by Architect Gilbert Stanley Underwood in Modernistic style.; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Title information, date, and subject note provided by the photographer.; Forms part of the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.", "Title: Sculpture \"Sky Cathedral\" at entrance plaza of Federal Building and U.S. Courthouse, Urbana, Illinois Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Notes: Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Artist: Linda Howard, 1995. Aluminum square tubing, dimensions: 15' 4\" x 11' x 15' 4\".; Title information, date, and subject note provided by the photographer.; Forms part of the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.", "Title: Painting \"On This Spot Stood the 1st Chinese Settlement in Sacramento\" at the Robert T. Matsui U.S. Courthouse, Sacramento, California Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Notes: Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Artist: Tony Berlant, 1999; mixed materials, measuring 80 x 80 inches.; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Title information, date, and subject note provided by the photographer.; Forms part of the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.", "Title: Painting \"Trading\" at U.S. Courthouse, Harrisonburg, Virginia Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Notes: Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Artist: William Calfee, 1943. Oil, dimensions: 96' x 5 3/4\".; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Title information, date, and subject note provided by the photographer.; Forms part of the Carol M. Highsmith Archive."], "qid": "T2_law_fc94ee9da0c3", "question": {"media": "b1996e34c32a1bea.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"b1996e34c32a1bea.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "b1996e34c32a1bea"}
+{"answer": "Title: Sculpture \"The Decisions\" at the Robert T. Matsui U.S. Courthouse, Sacramento, California Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Notes: Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Title information, date, and subject note provided by the photographer.; Artist: Larry Kirkland, 1999; Gilded aluminum and dichoric glass measuring 45 feet x 30 feet x 10 inches.; Forms part of the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "law", "dossier": "5a92622b1208a351", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Title: Sculpture \"The Decisions\" at the Robert T. Matsui U.S. Courthouse, Sacramento, California Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Notes: Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Title information, date, and subject note provided by the photographer.; Artist: Larry Kirkland, 1999; Gilded aluminum and dichoric glass measuring 45 feet x 30 feet x 10 inches.; Forms part of the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.", "Title: Cupola of the Pioneer Courthouse, a federal courthouse in Portland, Oregon Physical description: 1 transparency : color ; 4 x 5 in. or smaller. Notes: Digital image produced by Carol M. Highsmith to represent her original film transparency; some details may differ between the film and the digital images.; Forms part of the Selects Series in the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.; Built beginning in 1869, the structure is the oldest federal building in the Pacific Northwest, and the second-oldest west of the Mississippi River.; Gift and purchase; Carol M. Highsmith; 2011; (DLC/PP-2011:124).; Title, date, subject note, and keywords provided by the photographer.;", "Title: Reflection fountain at the U.S. Courthouse, Seattle, Washington Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Notes: Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Title information, date, and subject note provided by the photographer.; Artist: Marioni and Troutner.; Forms part of the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.", "Title: Wall details and clock. The Robert S. Vance Federal Building and U.S. Courthouse is a four story white marble building in the classical revival style that occupies an entire block on 5th Avenue, between 18th and 19th Streets, in the central business district of Birmingham, Alabama Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, tiff file, color. Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2013; (DLC/PP-2013:163).; Forms part of: Photographs in the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Title, date and keywords from information provided by the photographer."], "qid": "T2_law_e3ae44136184", "question": {"media": "5a92622b1208a351.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"5a92622b1208a351.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "5a92622b1208a351"}
+{"answer": "Title: Stairs, U.S. Courthouse, Tallahassee, Florida Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Notes: Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Forms part of the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Architect: Eric Kebbon.; Title, date, and subject note provided by the photographer.; Built between 1935-1936.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "law", "dossier": "9f98e6b7cea7dea0", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Title: Stairs, U.S. Courthouse, Tallahassee, Florida Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Notes: Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Forms part of the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Architect: Eric Kebbon.; Title, date, and subject note provided by the photographer.; Built between 1935-1936.", "Title: Interior detail, James T. Foley U.S. Post Office and Courthouse, Albany, New York Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Notes: Built in 1931-1932. Art Deco style. Five-story building with 8' high sculptured marble frieze continuously wraps around the primary elevations.; Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Title, date, and subject note provided by the photographer.; Forms part of the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.", "Title: Stairway. U.S. Post Office and Courthouse, Alexandria, Louisiana Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, tiff file, color. Notes: Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Title, date and keywords from information provided by the photographer.; Built in 1933 by architect Edward Neild. Art Deco style.; Forms part of: Photographs in the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.; Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2014; (DLC/PP-2014:141).;", "Title: Exterior. U.S. Post Office and Courthouse, Tyler, Texas Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, tiff file, color. Notes: Built in 1934 by architect Shirley Simons. Neoclassical style.; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Title, date and keywords from information provided by the photographer.; Forms part of: Photographs in the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.; Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2014; (DLC/PP-2014:141).;"], "qid": "T2_law_094c2606396c", "question": {"media": "9f98e6b7cea7dea0.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"9f98e6b7cea7dea0.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "9f98e6b7cea7dea0"}
+{"answer": "Toledo, Ohio U.S. Court House and Custom House (1932) Completed in 1932. Supervising Architect: James A. Wetmore Still in use by the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Ohio.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "law", "dossier": "b050bcb5f856a8bc", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Richard C. Lee U. S. Courthouse, New Haven, CT", "Toledo, Ohio U.S. Court House and Custom House (1932) Completed in 1932. Supervising Architect: James A. Wetmore Still in use by the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Ohio.", "Galveston, Texas U.S. Court House (1917) Completed in 1861. Supervising Architect: Ammi B. Young Extension completed in 1918. Supervising Architect of extension: James A. Wetmore The U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas met here until 1891; the U.S. Circuit Court for the Eastern District of Texas met here from 1862 until 1891; the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas met here from 1917 until 1937. Now leased by the Government Services Administration to the Galveston Historical Foundation.", "The United States Tax Court Building, in Washington, D.C., headquarters of the United States Tax Court."], "qid": "T2_law_706ac4e8e874", "question": {"media": "b050bcb5f856a8bc.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"b050bcb5f856a8bc.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "b050bcb5f856a8bc"}
+{"answer": "U.S. Post Office and Court House (1938) Completed in 1938. Supervising Architect: Louis A. Simon The U.S. District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin met here until 2000. Now the Federal Building Lofts.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "law", "dossier": "cdc58d13f5d32109", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Audiencia Pública Caso San Miguel Sosa y otras Vs. Venezuela", "Allysza Castile (Philando's sister) speaking outside the Ramsey County Courthouse in St Paul, MN after a not guilty verdict was reached in the trial of Officer Jeronimo Yanez for the killing of Philando Castile on July 6, 2016.", "14 12 31 Federal Courthouse Sign Alexandria VA", "U.S. Post Office and Court House (1938) Completed in 1938. Supervising Architect: Louis A. Simon The U.S. District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin met here until 2000. Now the Federal Building Lofts."], "qid": "T2_law_2ce0122f6d6e", "question": {"media": "cdc58d13f5d32109.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"cdc58d13f5d32109.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "cdc58d13f5d32109"}
+{"answer": "U.S. Post Office and Court House Completed in 1938. Architect: Wyatt C. Hedrick Still in use by the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Texas. Renamed the J. Marvin Jones Federal Building in 1980.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "law", "dossier": "36814f6a8bdaec58", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["U.S. Post Office and Court House Completed in 1938. Architect: Wyatt C. Hedrick Still in use by the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Texas. Renamed the J. Marvin Jones Federal Building in 1980.", "Photograph of the 1929 United States Federal Courthouse in Des Moines, Iowa.", "Richard C. Lee U. S. Courthouse, New Haven, CT", "The United States Tax Court Building, in Washington, D.C., headquarters of the United States Tax Court."], "qid": "T2_law_9b02d31f693a", "question": {"media": "36814f6a8bdaec58.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"36814f6a8bdaec58.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "36814f6a8bdaec58"}
+{"answer": "U.S. Post Office and Courthouse, 337 Broad Ave. Albany", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "law", "dossier": "3b6fedd66bbf24cf", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["U.S. Post Office and Courthouse, 337 Broad Ave. Albany", "Robert T. Matsui United States Courthouse", "Attorneys Cale Jaffe, Blan Holman, Jeff Gleason on the steps of the United States Supreme Court in 2007.", "Court 3 of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom"], "qid": "T2_law_1503d34f884a", "question": {"media": "3b6fedd66bbf24cf.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"3b6fedd66bbf24cf.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "3b6fedd66bbf24cf"}
+{"answer": "United States Supreme Court building under restauration", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "law", "dossier": "55a134cedc520fc7", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The old St. Louis Courthouse, in St. Louis, Missouri. Photographed from the top of the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial.", "Close view of the dome of the Ontario County courthouse, Canandaigua, NY, USA, from across the street", "The courtroom in the Town Hall, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. Designed by Cuthbert Brodrick, built 1853-1858. The courtroom retains the original wooden seating. The room is mostly as it was when built, apart from lighting, heating, and wall-paint. It is no longer used for legal cases, but has been kept for historical value and other purposes. Showing the intimidating view of the judge's chair from the centre of the dock.", "United States Supreme Court building under restauration"], "qid": "T2_law_226977fbe72f", "question": {"media": "55a134cedc520fc7.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"55a134cedc520fc7.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "55a134cedc520fc7"}
+{"answer": "Warren County Courthouse interior, Lake George, NY.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "law", "dossier": "bd8cc430b4df06a5", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["U.S. Court Of Military Appeals Took at WikiExpedition of WM2012 (Target:A-12)", "Warren County Courthouse interior, Lake George, NY.", "Mass trial at federal Courthouse, Pecos, Texas. Top photo: The photo shows a mass trial of immigrants at the Lucius D. Bunton Federal Courthouse in Pecos, Texas.", "US Post Office and Courthouse in Mangum Oklahoma"], "qid": "T2_law_e52ab7bf164b", "question": {"media": "bd8cc430b4df06a5.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"bd8cc430b4df06a5.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "bd8cc430b4df06a5"}
+{"answer": "by Unidentified after James E. Taylor Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper Wood engraving, black and white, 1868-05-23 Image with text measurement Height: 9.625 inches (24.4475 cm) Width: 14.25 inches (36.195 cm) Cat. no. 38.00365.001 The Andrew Johnson impeachment trial began on March 30, 1868, and lasted almost two months. The illustrated papers sent scores of \"special artists \" to Washington, D.C., to keep the public informed of these historic proceedings. Aside from being one of the most dramatic events in Senate history, the trial was the focus of the city’s social season. Only holders of numbered and dated tickets could enter the Senate galleries. Harper’s Weekly reported that \"the most lovely as well as the most distinguished ladies of Washington have been in daily attendance. \"[1]1 Police officers were stationed at the doors to hold back the crowd, which was \"continually asking questions, making appeals, and muttering threats. \" On May 6, when Representative John Bingham finished summarizing the prosecution’s case, spectators caused such an uproar that the sergeant at arms was forced to clear the galleries. As reported in Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper, \"the clapping of hands, the waving of handkerchiefs, the tumult of -excited approbation, presented a scene not often associated with the history of parliamentary proceedings. \"", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "law", "dossier": "002433c40465c832", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["2000 Presidential election recount on the steps at the Supreme Court", "by Unidentified after James E. Taylor Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper Wood engraving, black and white, 1868-05-23 Image with text measurement Height: 9.625 inches (24.4475 cm) Width: 14.25 inches (36.195 cm) Cat. no. 38.00365.001 The Andrew Johnson impeachment trial began on March 30, 1868, and lasted almost two months. The illustrated papers sent scores of \"special artists \" to Washington, D.C., to keep the public informed of these historic proceedings. Aside from being one of the most dramatic events in Senate history, the trial was the focus of the city’s social season. Only holders of numbered and dated tickets could enter the Senate galleries. Harper’s Weekly reported that \"the most lovely as well as the most distinguished ladies of Washington have been in daily attendance. \"[1]1 Police officers were stationed at the doors to hold back the crowd, which was \"continually asking questions, making appeals, and muttering threats. \" On May 6, when Representative John Bingham finished summarizing the prosecution’s case, spectators caused such an uproar that the sergeant at arms was forced to clear the galleries. As reported in Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper, \"the clapping of hands, the waving of handkerchiefs, the tumult of -excited approbation, presented a scene not often associated with the history of parliamentary proceedings. \"", "Article IX vote from impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson", "Andrew Johnson impeachment trial Senate floor ticket (March 13, 1868)"], "qid": "T2_law_5b103464d01b", "question": {"media": "002433c40465c832.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"002433c40465c832.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "002433c40465c832"}
diff --git a/release/gold/T2/music.jsonl b/release/gold/T2/music.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9c27c5d7491049c96444ebfb4ac2447208e475de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/gold/T2/music.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{"answer": "Banjo | Banjo | ca. 1884 | Hercules McCord | American U.S.A. | Metal, parchment | Chordophone-Lute-plucked", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "music", "dossier": "421d4eb4b139a668", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Style O Artist Model Archtop Guitar (serial no. 51670) | Archtop Guitar | 1919 | Gibson Mandolin-Guitar Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | American | Kalamazoo | Michigan | United States | Spruce, birch, mahogany, ivoroid, mother-of-pearl, nickel silver | Chordophone-Lute-plucked-fretted", "Doccaina | Doccaina | 19th century | Spanish | Valencia (Southern) | Spain | Wood, brass, nickel-silver | Aerophone-Reed Vibrated-double reed", "Banjo | Banjo | ca. 1884 | Hercules McCord | American U.S.A. | Metal, parchment | Chordophone-Lute-plucked", "Mai | Mai | late 19th century | Melanesian (Aoba Island, Vanuatuan) | Aoba island, Ambae | Vanuatu | Bamboo | Aerophone-Blow Hole-end-blown flute (vertical)"], "qid": "T2_music_4d809485b685", "question": {"media": "421d4eb4b139a668.jpg", "text": "What is the authoritative description of the image \"421d4eb4b139a668.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "421d4eb4b139a668"}
+{"answer": "Basset Horn in F | Basset Horn in F | early 19th century | Italian or German | Italy or Germany? | Wood, ivory, brass | Aerophone-Reed Vibrated-single reed cylindrical", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "music", "dossier": "124eac74d85087fb", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Po (鈸 ) | Po | 19th century | Chinese | China | Metal | Idiophone-Concussion", "Regal | Regal | ca. 1720–40 | German | Germany | Wood, various | Aerophone-Organ", "Basset Horn in F | Basset Horn in F | early 19th century | Italian or German | Italy or Germany? | Wood, ivory, brass | Aerophone-Reed Vibrated-single reed cylindrical", "Oboe | Oboe | ca. 1770–90 | Thomas Collier | British | London | England | United Kingdom | Wood, metal | Aerophone-Reed Vibrated-double reed"], "qid": "T2_music_0f249700e7e5", "question": {"media": "124eac74d85087fb.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"124eac74d85087fb.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "124eac74d85087fb"}
+{"answer": "Bell | Bell | 100 BC–200 AD? | Italian (Ancient Roman) | Rome | Italy | Leaded bronze | Idiophone-Struck-bell-clapper", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "music", "dossier": "e55a9326e03592e3", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Serpent in C | Serpent in C | ca. 1805 | W. Schmidt | German | Mainz | Germany | Wood, leather, brass | Aerophone-Lip Vibrated-horn", "\"Savart model\" Violin | \"Savart model\" Violin | ca. 1819 | Ch. Michel | French | France | Wood | Chordophone-Lute-bowed-unfretted", "Bell | Bell | 100 BC–200 AD? | Italian (Ancient Roman) | Rome | Italy | Leaded bronze | Idiophone-Struck-bell-clapper", "Cittern | Cittern | 1772 | Gerard J. Deleplanque | French | Paris | France | Maple, spruce, ebony, ivory, mother-of-pearl, brass | Chordophone-Lute-bowed-fretted"], "qid": "T2_music_c74f2d9a7410", "question": {"media": "e55a9326e03592e3.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description serves as the authoritative description for the image \"e55a9326e03592e3.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "e55a9326e03592e3"}
+{"answer": "Bukkehorn | Bukkehorn | ca. 1883 | Norwegian | Norway | Ram's horn | Aerophone-Lip Vibrated-horn", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "music", "dossier": "3b1012c891ea3b12", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Fretted banjo with two short strings | Fretted banjo with two short strings | C. 1850 | Henry Stichter | American | United States | Various woods, metal hardware, leather, calfskin head, calfgut strings | Musical instruments", "Phin | Phin | late 19th century | Thai | Thailand | Wood | Chordophone-Lute-plucked", "Bukkehorn | Bukkehorn | ca. 1883 | Norwegian | Norway | Ram's horn | Aerophone-Lip Vibrated-horn", "Soprano Saxhorn in B-flat | Soprano Saxhorn in B-flat | 1850–60 | possibly French | France? | Brass, nickel-silver | Aerophone-Lip Vibrated"], "qid": "T2_music_5c1fa82865ae", "question": {"media": "3b1012c891ea3b12.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"3b1012c891ea3b12.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "3b1012c891ea3b12"}
+{"answer": "Calung | Calung | late 19th century | Javanese (Sundanese) | Java | Indonesia | Bamboo, cord | Idiophone-Struck-bar", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "music", "dossier": "dffc2e3f60b0a2af", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Calung | Calung | late 19th century | Javanese (Sundanese) | Java | Indonesia | Bamboo, cord | Idiophone-Struck-bar", "Schwegel in B | Schwegel in B | 1750–70 | G. Walch | German (Bavarian) | Bavaria | Germany | Wood | Aerophone-Blow Hole-side-blown flute (transverse)", "Nail Violin | Nail Violin | early 19th century | German | Germany | Wood, metal | Idiophone-Friction", "Pī Chawā (ปี่ชวา) | Pī Chawā | late 19th century | Thai | Thailand | Ivory | Aerophone-Reed Vibrated-double reed"], "qid": "T2_music_21d889dd7eb9", "question": {"media": "dffc2e3f60b0a2af.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"dffc2e3f60b0a2af.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "dffc2e3f60b0a2af"}
+{"answer": "Cavalry Trumpet in C | Cavalry Trumpet in C | ca. 1800 | Courtois père | French | Paris | France | Brass, nickel-silver | Aerophone-Lip Vibrated-trumpet / trombone", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "music", "dossier": "d90f48bb307e46d9", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Daff | Daff | late 19th century | Arabian | Arabia | Wood and parchment. | Membranophone-double-headed / frame drum", "Shakuhachi | Shakuhachi | 19th century | Japanese | Japan | Bamboo, horn, lacquer | Aerophone-Blow Hole-end-blown flute (vertical)", "Cavalry Trumpet in C | Cavalry Trumpet in C | ca. 1800 | Courtois père | French | Paris | France | Brass, nickel-silver | Aerophone-Lip Vibrated-trumpet / trombone", "Baritone Saxhorn in B-flat | Baritone Saxhorn in B-flat | 1850–79 | French or German | France or Germany | Brass | Aerophone-Lip Vibrated"], "qid": "T2_music_46c177b7fd4a", "question": {"media": "d90f48bb307e46d9.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"d90f48bb307e46d9.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "d90f48bb307e46d9"}
+{"answer": "Ch'in Sian | Ch'in Sian | 19th century | Chinese | Xiaoxi (Sio khe) | Fujian Province | China | Wood, snake skin, brass. | Membranophone-single-headed / frame drum", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "music", "dossier": "1504b4d0093c8fdd", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Zanze | Zanze | late 19th century | probably Cameroonian | southwest region | Republic of Cameroon | Wood | Idiophone-Plucked / Depressed", "Ch'in Sian | Ch'in Sian | 19th century | Chinese | Xiaoxi (Sio khe) | Fujian Province | China | Wood, snake skin, brass. | Membranophone-single-headed / frame drum", "Pottery Whistle | Pottery Whistle | date uncertain | Mexican | Oaxaca | Mexico | Clay | Aerophone-Whistle Flute-whistle", "Bell | Bell | 100 BC–200 AD? | Italian (Ancient Roman) | Rome | Italy | Leaded bronze | Idiophone-Struck-bell-clapper"], "qid": "T2_music_ec709f530b1d", "question": {"media": "1504b4d0093c8fdd.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"1504b4d0093c8fdd.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "1504b4d0093c8fdd"}
+{"answer": "Chamber Organ | Chamber Organ | ca. 1790–96 | Samuel Green | British | Middlesex | United Kingdom | Mahogany, cloth, ivory, ebony, brass | Aerophone-Organ", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "music", "dossier": "1280b3b63ff36ce7", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Horn | Horn | early 19th century | Dutch | Netherlands | Friesland | Wood, bark | Aerophone-Lip Vibrated-horn", "Watercolor of musician playing bo | Watercolor of musician playing bo | late 18th century | Chinese | China | Watercolor on paper | Works on Paper", "Pochette | Pochette | 1670s | Georg Wörle | German | Augsburg | Germany | Spruce, ebony, ivory, gut | Chordophone-Lute-bowed-unfretted", "Chamber Organ | Chamber Organ | ca. 1790–96 | Samuel Green | British | Middlesex | United Kingdom | Mahogany, cloth, ivory, ebony, brass | Aerophone-Organ"], "qid": "T2_music_07d379593f21", "question": {"media": "1280b3b63ff36ce7.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"1280b3b63ff36ce7.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "1280b3b63ff36ce7"}
+{"answer": "Chromatic Bass Horn in B-flat | Chromatic Bass Horn in B-flat | ca. 1825 | German? | Germany? | Copper, brass | Aerophone-Lip Vibrated-horn", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "music", "dossier": "0dce9c34f512d51c", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Side (Snare) Drum | Side (Snare) Drum | First half 19th century | American | United States | Wood, various materials | Membranophone-double-headed / cylindrical drum", "Tzilinilli (crotal bell) | Tzilinilli (crotal bell) | 10th–16th century | Aztec | Mexico | leaded copper | Idiophone-Shaken-crotal bell", "Kemangeh | Kemangeh | ca. 1850–89 | Turkish | Turkey | Wood, metal, various | Chordophone-Lute-bowed-unfretted", "Chromatic Bass Horn in B-flat | Chromatic Bass Horn in B-flat | ca. 1825 | German? | Germany? | Copper, brass | Aerophone-Lip Vibrated-horn"], "qid": "T2_music_285ce16d7af4", "question": {"media": "0dce9c34f512d51c.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"0dce9c34f512d51c.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "0dce9c34f512d51c"}
+{"answer": "Cittern | Cittern | 1772 | Gerard J. Deleplanque | French | Paris | France | Maple, spruce, ebony, ivory, mother-of-pearl, brass | Chordophone-Lute-bowed-fretted", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "music", "dossier": "6020def060dba352", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Cittern | Cittern | 1772 | Gerard J. Deleplanque | French | Paris | France | Maple, spruce, ebony, ivory, mother-of-pearl, brass | Chordophone-Lute-bowed-fretted", "Ganga? | Ganga? | 19th century | Dagomba or Hausa people? | Ghana or Nigeria | Wood, cord, cloth, pebbles, skins | Membranophone-double-headed / cylindrical drum", "Cauyuk | Cauyuk | late 19th century | Native American (Chilkat / Koluschan) | Alaska | United States | Nushagak Bay | Wood, skin | Membranophone-single-headed / frame drum", "Oboe in C | Oboe in C | before 1735 | Jacob Denner | German | Nürnberg | Germany | Wood, ivory, silver | Aerophone-Reed Vibrated-double reed"], "qid": "T2_music_80ba11bd3f70", "question": {"media": "6020def060dba352.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"6020def060dba352.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "6020def060dba352"}
+{"answer": "Drum | Drum | 19th century | Native American (Guyanese: Demerara) | Demerara | Guyana | Wood, skin, fiber cord | Membranophone-double-headed / cylindrical drum", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "music", "dossier": "43dc7efe02f8a4f9", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Lyre | Lyre (Reproduction) | 19th century | Egyptian | Egypt | Wood | Chordophone-Lyre-plucked", "Tabona (drum) | Tabona (drum) | late 19th century | Cuban | Cuba | Wood, skin, and various materials | Membranophone-double-headed / barrel drum", "Shakuhachi | Shakuhachi | 19th century | Japanese | Japan | Bamboo, horn, lacquer | Aerophone-Blow Hole-end-blown flute (vertical)", "Drum | Drum | 19th century | Native American (Guyanese: Demerara) | Demerara | Guyana | Wood, skin, fiber cord | Membranophone-double-headed / cylindrical drum"], "qid": "T2_music_5f92795da66e", "question": {"media": "43dc7efe02f8a4f9.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"43dc7efe02f8a4f9.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "43dc7efe02f8a4f9"}
+{"answer": "English Guittar (Cittern) with \"Smith's Patent Box\" | English Guittar (Cittern) with \"Smith's Patent Box\" | mid to late 18th century | British | London | England | United Kingdom | Wood and various materials | Chordophone-Lute-plucked-fretted", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "music", "dossier": "c9b2024ed758e5af", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["English Guittar (Cittern) with \"Smith's Patent Box\" | English Guittar (Cittern) with \"Smith's Patent Box\" | mid to late 18th century | British | London | England | United Kingdom | Wood and various materials | Chordophone-Lute-plucked-fretted", "Daff | Daff | late 19th century | Arabian | Arabia | Wood and parchment. | Membranophone-double-headed / frame drum", "Keyboard Glockenspiel | Keyboard Glockenspiel | second half 19th century | probably British | United Kingdom? | Wood, various materials | Idiophone-Struck-bar-metal", "Ch'in Sian | Ch'in Sian | 19th century | Chinese | Xiaoxi (Sio khe) | Fujian Province | China | Wood, snake skin, brass. | Membranophone-single-headed / frame drum"], "qid": "T2_music_d558cf58f081", "question": {"media": "c9b2024ed758e5af.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"c9b2024ed758e5af.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "c9b2024ed758e5af"}
+{"answer": "Fellahi | Fellahi | late 19th century | Turkish | Turkey | Wood | Chordophone-Lute-plucked-unfretted", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "music", "dossier": "5a868c2a65bbbb02", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Fellahi | Fellahi | late 19th century | Turkish | Turkey | Wood | Chordophone-Lute-plucked-unfretted", "Flageolet | Flageolet | ca. 1835 | John Simpson | British | London | England | United Kingdom | Boxwood, ivory, silver | Aerophone-Whistle Flute-flageolet", "Calung | Calung | late 19th century | Javanese (Sundanese) | Java | Indonesia | Bamboo, cord | Idiophone-Struck-bar", "Style O Artist Model Archtop Guitar (serial no. 51670) | Archtop Guitar | 1919 | Gibson Mandolin-Guitar Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | American | Kalamazoo | Michigan | United States | Spruce, birch, mahogany, ivoroid, mother-of-pearl, nickel silver | Chordophone-Lute-plucked-fretted"], "qid": "T2_music_fc89c088c663", "question": {"media": "5a868c2a65bbbb02.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"5a868c2a65bbbb02.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "5a868c2a65bbbb02"}
+{"answer": "Furi Tsuzumi | Furi Tsuzumi | 19th century | Japanese | Japan | Wood | Membranophone-double-headed / cylindrical drum", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "music", "dossier": "f94fa4994fbaca63", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Tambourin a Cordes | Tambourin a Cordes | 19th century | French | France | Pyrenees region (?) | Wood and various materials | Chordophone-Zither-struck", "Russian Bassoon in C | Russian Bassoon in C | 1825–40 | French | Lyons? | France? | Wood, brass | Aerophone-Lip Vibrated-horn", "Watercolor of musician playing bo | Watercolor of musician playing bo | late 18th century | Chinese | China | Watercolor on paper | Works on Paper", "Furi Tsuzumi | Furi Tsuzumi | 19th century | Japanese | Japan | Wood | Membranophone-double-headed / cylindrical drum"], "qid": "T2_music_2ee92b78fd46", "question": {"media": "f94fa4994fbaca63.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"f94fa4994fbaca63.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "f94fa4994fbaca63"}
+{"answer": "Ganga? | Ganga? | 19th century | Dagomba or Hausa people? | Ghana or Nigeria | Wood, cord, cloth, pebbles, skins | Membranophone-double-headed / cylindrical drum", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "music", "dossier": "8f0cd5fd7c61b002", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Ganga? | Ganga? | 19th century | Dagomba or Hausa people? | Ghana or Nigeria | Wood, cord, cloth, pebbles, skins | Membranophone-double-headed / cylindrical drum", "Xylophone | Xylophone | 19th century | probably South African | probably South Africa | Wood, leather | Idiophone-Struck-bar-wood", "Alexander Violin | Alexander Violin | late 19th century | Sylvanus J. Talbott | American | Milford | New Hampshire | United States | Wood, various materials | Chordophone-Zither-bowed", "Pupa Horn | Pupa (horn) | late 19th century | Melanesian (Nggela Islands, Solomon Islands) | Nggela Islands (formerly Florida Islands) | Solomon Islands | Bamboo | Aerophone-Lip Vibrated-trumpet / trombone"], "qid": "T2_music_3bf5a4a58471", "question": {"media": "8f0cd5fd7c61b002.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"8f0cd5fd7c61b002.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "8f0cd5fd7c61b002"}
+{"answer": "Hol | Hol (drum) | late 19th century | Indian (possibly Munda people) | Orissa or Nagaland | India | Wood, skin, cord | Membranophone-double-headed / conical drum", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "music", "dossier": "b0b730e21b6cf525", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Mandola | Mandola | 1797 | Giuseppe Presbler | Italian | Milan | Italy | Rosewood, spruce, walnut, bone, mother-of-pearl | Chordophone-Lute-plucked-fretted", "Tzilinilli (crotal bell) | Tzilinilli (crotal bell) | 10th–16th century | Aztec | Mexico | leaded copper | Idiophone-Shaken-crotal bell", "Hol | Hol (drum) | late 19th century | Indian (possibly Munda people) | Orissa or Nagaland | India | Wood, skin, cord | Membranophone-double-headed / conical drum", "Serpent | Serpent | ca. 1820 | C. Baudouin | French | Paris | France | Wood, leather, paint, brass | Aerophone-Lip Vibrated"], "qid": "T2_music_36780ff5b41c", "question": {"media": "b0b730e21b6cf525.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"b0b730e21b6cf525.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "b0b730e21b6cf525"}
+{"answer": "Hunting Horn in D | Hunting Horn in D | after 1866 | Raoux Family Family | French | Paris | France | Brass, leather, lead | Aerophone-Lip Vibrated-horn", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "music", "dossier": "8f427e1216f2280e", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Pī Chawā (ปี่ชวา) | Pī Chawā | late 19th century | Thai | Thailand | Ivory | Aerophone-Reed Vibrated-double reed", "Whistling Jar | Whistling Jar | 200 BCE–1000 CE | Peruvian | Peru | North Coast | Clay | Aerophone-Blow Hole-vessel flute", "Hunting Horn in D | Hunting Horn in D | after 1866 | Raoux Family Family | French | Paris | France | Brass, leather, lead | Aerophone-Lip Vibrated-horn", "Hol | Hol (drum) | late 19th century | Indian (possibly Munda people) | Orissa or Nagaland | India | Wood, skin, cord | Membranophone-double-headed / conical drum"], "qid": "T2_music_66444193f11f", "question": {"media": "8f427e1216f2280e.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"8f427e1216f2280e.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "8f427e1216f2280e"}
+{"answer": "Kanyáhte’ ká’nowa’ (Snapping turtle rattle) or Kastáwēˀshæˀ (Ga-Nó-Wa Gustáh) | Kanyáhte’ ká’nowa’ (Snapping turtle rattle) or Kastáwēˀshæˀ (Ga-Nó-Wa Gustáh) | 19th century | Native American (Iroquois) | Tonowanda | New York | United States | Shell, wood, cherry pits?, leather | Idiophone-Shaken-rattle", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "music", "dossier": "c7d85794379f5377", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Cauyuk | Cauyuk | 19th century | Skidegate or Xaadas (Haida), Native American | Victoria | British Columbia | Canada | red cedar, hide, pigment | Membranophone-single-headed / frame drum", "Kanyáhte’ ká’nowa’ (Snapping turtle rattle) or Kastáwēˀshæˀ (Ga-Nó-Wa Gustáh) | Kanyáhte’ ká’nowa’ (Snapping turtle rattle) or Kastáwēˀshæˀ (Ga-Nó-Wa Gustáh) | 19th century | Native American (Iroquois) | Tonowanda | New York | United States | Shell, wood, cherry pits?, leather | Idiophone-Shaken-rattle", "Baritone Saxhorn in B-flat | Baritone Saxhorn in B-flat | 1850–79 | French or German | France or Germany | Brass | Aerophone-Lip Vibrated", "Trough Zither | Trough Zither | late 19th century | Congolese | Democratic Republic of Congo | Wood | Chordophone"], "qid": "T2_music_13c0a49d9236", "question": {"media": "c7d85794379f5377.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"c7d85794379f5377.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "c7d85794379f5377"}
+{"answer": "Karnāl | Karnāl | 19th century | Nepalese | Salyan District, Rapti Zone | Nepal | Brass | Aerophone-Lip Vibrated-trumpet / trombone", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "music", "dossier": "93517324b1a12e3e", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Chamber Organ | Chamber Organ | ca. 1790–96 | Samuel Green | British | Middlesex | United Kingdom | Mahogany, cloth, ivory, ebony, brass | Aerophone-Organ", "Bell | Bell | 1st century | Italian (Ancient Roman) | Rome ? | Italy | bronze | Idiophone-Struck-bell-clapper", "Phin | Phin | late 19th century | Thai | Thailand | Wood | Chordophone-Lute-plucked", "Karnāl | Karnāl | 19th century | Nepalese | Salyan District, Rapti Zone | Nepal | Brass | Aerophone-Lip Vibrated-trumpet / trombone"], "qid": "T2_music_bfe46015c9fd", "question": {"media": "93517324b1a12e3e.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"93517324b1a12e3e.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "93517324b1a12e3e"}
+{"answer": "Kemangeh | Kemangeh | ca. 1850–89 | Turkish | Turkey | Wood, metal, various | Chordophone-Lute-bowed-unfretted", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "music", "dossier": "d153cc24c0a3629c", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Lyraflügel | Lyraflügel | ca. 1820–44 | Johann Christian Schleip | German | Berlin | Germany | Wood, silk, gilt, ivory | Chordophone-Zither-struck-piano", "Portative Organ | Portative Organ | late 19th century | Probably by Leopoldo Franciolini | Italian | Florence | Italy | Wood, various materials | Aerophone-Organ", "Bell | Bell | 1st century | Italian (Ancient Roman) | Rome ? | Italy | bronze | Idiophone-Struck-bell-clapper", "Kemangeh | Kemangeh | ca. 1850–89 | Turkish | Turkey | Wood, metal, various | Chordophone-Lute-bowed-unfretted"], "qid": "T2_music_da931e543c76", "question": {"media": "d153cc24c0a3629c.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"d153cc24c0a3629c.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "d153cc24c0a3629c"}
+{"answer": "Kettledrum | Kettledrum | late 18th century (?) | probably German | Bavaria? | Germany? | Copper, iron, skin, fabric | Membranophone-single-headed / kettle drum", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "music", "dossier": "e3b52c77ccf3c105", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Tsiitsiito (rattle) | Tsiitsiito (rattle) | late 19th century | Hiwi Indians | Hiwi | Colombia or Venezuela | calabash (Crescentia cujete), wood, curassow feathers (pauxi pauxi), seed and wánali stone | Idiophone-Shaken-rattle", "Kettledrum | Kettledrum | late 18th century (?) | probably German | Bavaria? | Germany? | Copper, iron, skin, fabric | Membranophone-single-headed / kettle drum", "Guitar | Guitar | 1912 | Manuel Ramírez | Spanish | Madrid | Spain | Spruce, rosewood, cedar, ebony, ivory or bone | Chordophone-Lute-plucked-fretted", "Gangsingan | Gangsingan (spinning top) | 19th century | Javanese (West) | Java | Indonesia | Bamboo | Aerophone-Free Aerophone"], "qid": "T2_music_50e749fc809a", "question": {"media": "e3b52c77ccf3c105.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"e3b52c77ccf3c105.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "e3b52c77ccf3c105"}
+{"answer": "Lacquered Case | Lacquered Case | 19th century | Japanese | Japan | Wood, lacquer | Aerophone-Accessories", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "music", "dossier": "e868fe11e53a665a", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Qairaq (stone castanets) | Qairaq (stone castanets) | mid-20th century | Afghan | Dara-I Zendan | Samangan Province | Afghanistan | Stone | Idiophone-Concussion", "Sopranino Clarinet in D | Sopranino Clarinet in D | 1800–1858 | Max Stiegler | German | Germany | Various materials | Aerophone-Reed Vibrated-single reed cylindrical", "Lacquered Case | Lacquered Case | 19th century | Japanese | Japan | Wood, lacquer | Aerophone-Accessories", "Pottery Whistle | Pottery Whistle | ca. 800–1000 | Costa Rican | Guanacaste | Costa Rica | Nicoya Peninsula | Clay, polychrome | Aerophone-Whistle Flute-whistle"], "qid": "T2_music_91dc15ad371c", "question": {"media": "e868fe11e53a665a.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"e868fe11e53a665a.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "e868fe11e53a665a"}
+{"answer": "Mandola | Mandola | 1797 | Giuseppe Presbler | Italian | Milan | Italy | Rosewood, spruce, walnut, bone, mother-of-pearl | Chordophone-Lute-plucked-fretted", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "music", "dossier": "53fced3613cf5c64", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Gangsingan | Gangsingan (spinning top) | 19th century | Javanese (West) | Java | Indonesia | Bamboo | Aerophone-Free Aerophone", "Horn | Horn | late 19th century | African | wood, leather | Aerophone-Lip Vibrated-horn", "Halam | Halam | late 19th century | Moroccan | Morocco | wood, various materials | Chordophone-Lute-plucked-unfretted", "Mandola | Mandola | 1797 | Giuseppe Presbler | Italian | Milan | Italy | Rosewood, spruce, walnut, bone, mother-of-pearl | Chordophone-Lute-plucked-fretted"], "qid": "T2_music_e6e680984c94", "question": {"media": "53fced3613cf5c64.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"53fced3613cf5c64.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "53fced3613cf5c64"}
+{"answer": "Nafir | Nafir or Muzmar el Daraweesh | late 19th century | Iranian (Persian) | Iran | Horn (goat?) | Aerophone-Lip Vibrated-horn", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "music", "dossier": "ff095f4a25fd69d7", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Flageolet | Flageolet | ca. 1835 | John Simpson | British | London | England | United Kingdom | Boxwood, ivory | Aerophone-Whistle Flute-flageolet", "Transverse Flute in E | Transverse Flute in E | late 18th or early 19th century | German | Germany | Wood, horn, brass | Aerophone-Blow Hole-side-blown flute (transverse)", "Nafir | Nafir or Muzmar el Daraweesh | late 19th century | Iranian (Persian) | Iran | Horn (goat?) | Aerophone-Lip Vibrated-horn", "Mashak | Mashak | 19th century | Burmese | Myanmar (formerly Burma) | Wood, leather | Aerophone-Reed Vibrated-bagpipe"], "qid": "T2_music_893f40569f17", "question": {"media": "ff095f4a25fd69d7.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"ff095f4a25fd69d7.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "ff095f4a25fd69d7"}
+{"answer": "Nag-Phéni | Nag-Phéni | 19th century | Nepalese (probably Khàs) | Kathmandu Valley | Nepal | copper, paint | Aerophone-Lip Vibrated-trumpet / trombone", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "music", "dossier": "3fd46fd6aa3be20f", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Doccaina | Doccaina | 19th century | Spanish | Valencia (Southern) | Spain | Wood, brass, nickel-silver | Aerophone-Reed Vibrated-double reed", "Xylophone | Xylophone | 19th century | probably South African | probably South Africa | Wood, leather | Idiophone-Struck-bar-wood", "Harp Guitar | Harp Guitar | after 1831 | Emilius N. Scherr | American | Philadelphia | Pennsylvania | United States | Wood, ivory, metal | Chordophone-Lute-plucked-fretted", "Nag-Phéni | Nag-Phéni | 19th century | Nepalese (probably Khàs) | Kathmandu Valley | Nepal | copper, paint | Aerophone-Lip Vibrated-trumpet / trombone"], "qid": "T2_music_6bb941c92209", "question": {"media": "3fd46fd6aa3be20f.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"3fd46fd6aa3be20f.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "3fd46fd6aa3be20f"}
+{"answer": "Nāy | Nāy | 19th century | Syrian | Syria | Reed | Aerophone-Blow Hole-end-blown flute (vertical)", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "music", "dossier": "73cb27a05f7f3456", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Alto Clarinet in E-flat | Alto Clarinet in E-flat | ca. 1900 | Charles Mahillon | Belgian | Brussels | Belgium | Cocuswood, brass | Aerophone-Reed Vibrated-single reed cylindrical", "Nāy | Nāy | 19th century | Syrian | Syria | Reed | Aerophone-Blow Hole-end-blown flute (vertical)", "Serpent in C | Serpent in C | ca. 1805 | W. Schmidt | German | Mainz | Germany | Wood, leather, brass | Aerophone-Lip Vibrated-horn", "Tambourin a Cordes | Tambourin a Cordes | 19th century | French | France | Pyrenees region (?) | Wood and various materials | Chordophone-Zither-struck"], "qid": "T2_music_0526bf8978c4", "question": {"media": "73cb27a05f7f3456.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"73cb27a05f7f3456.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "73cb27a05f7f3456"}
+{"answer": "Pluriarc | Pluriarc | late 19th century | Congolese | Congo District | Wood, tin | Chordophone-Musical Bow", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "music", "dossier": "c02cb5e4808c69c2", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Alto Clarinet in E-flat | Alto Clarinet in E-flat | ca. 1900 | Charles Mahillon | Belgian | Brussels | Belgium | Cocuswood, brass | Aerophone-Reed Vibrated-single reed cylindrical", "Pluriarc | Pluriarc | late 19th century | Congolese | Congo District | Wood, tin | Chordophone-Musical Bow", "Mai | Mai | late 19th century | Melanesian (Aoba Island, Vanuatuan) | Aoba island, Ambae | Vanuatu | Bamboo | Aerophone-Blow Hole-end-blown flute (vertical)", "Tsiitsiito (rattle) | Tsiitsiito (rattle) | late 19th century | Hiwi Indians | Hiwi | Colombia or Venezuela | calabash (Crescentia cujete), wood, curassow feathers (pauxi pauxi), seed and wánali stone | Idiophone-Shaken-rattle"], "qid": "T2_music_df982fac4f5e", "question": {"media": "c02cb5e4808c69c2.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"c02cb5e4808c69c2.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "c02cb5e4808c69c2"}
+{"answer": "Portative Organ | Portative Organ | late 19th century | Probably by Leopoldo Franciolini | Italian | Florence | Italy | Wood, various materials | Aerophone-Organ", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "music", "dossier": "6ebdc299a7c9354e", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Portative Organ | Portative Organ | late 19th century | Probably by Leopoldo Franciolini | Italian | Florence | Italy | Wood, various materials | Aerophone-Organ", "Angle Harp | Angle Harp | 19th century | African | Wood, leather, string | Chordophone-Harp", "Cornetto in A | Cornetto in A | 17th century | German | Germany | Wood, leather | Aerophone-Lip Vibrated", "Chirimia | Chirimia | 19th century | Chibchas or Muyscas | Colombia | wood, metal, wax/rubber, cord | Aerophone-Reed Vibrated-double reed"], "qid": "T2_music_4aae4f5e2d3e", "question": {"media": "6ebdc299a7c9354e.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"6ebdc299a7c9354e.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "6ebdc299a7c9354e"}
+{"answer": "Pottery Whistle | Pottery Whistle | ca. 800–1000 | Costa Rican | Guanacaste | Costa Rica | Nicoya Peninsula | Clay, polychrome | Aerophone-Whistle Flute-whistle", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "music", "dossier": "a2db7a7caf073803", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Portative Organ | Portative Organ | late 19th century | Probably by Leopoldo Franciolini | Italian | Florence | Italy | Wood, various materials | Aerophone-Organ", "Pottery Whistle | Pottery Whistle | ca. 800–1000 | Costa Rican | Guanacaste | Costa Rica | Nicoya Peninsula | Clay, polychrome | Aerophone-Whistle Flute-whistle", "Square Piano | Square Piano | ca. 1790 | Possibly German | Germany | Cherry wood, various materials | Chordophone-Zither-struck-piano", "Triangle | Triangle | early 19th century | German | Germany | Iron | Idiophone-Struck-bell-without clapper"], "qid": "T2_music_66a3c9fa441c", "question": {"media": "a2db7a7caf073803.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"a2db7a7caf073803.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "a2db7a7caf073803"}
+{"answer": "Pottery Whistle | Pottery Whistle | date uncertain | Mexican | Oaxaca | Mexico | Clay | Aerophone-Whistle Flute-whistle", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "music", "dossier": "5d5e960b7c634337", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Pottery Whistle | Pottery Whistle | 300–1200 | Mexican (Veracruz) | Veracruz | Mexico | Clay | Aerophone-Whistle Flute-whistle", "Pottery Whistle | Pottery Whistle | date uncertain | Mexican | Oaxaca | Mexico | Clay | Aerophone-Whistle Flute-whistle", "Furi Tsuzumi | Furi Tsuzumi | 19th century | Japanese | Japan | Wood | Membranophone-double-headed / cylindrical drum", "Double Recorder in A-flat | Double Recorder in A-flat | 18th century | possibly German | Germany? | Wood | Aerophone-Whistle Flute-recorder"], "qid": "T2_music_9dedbb2a893a", "question": {"media": "5d5e960b7c634337.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"5d5e960b7c634337.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "5d5e960b7c634337"}
+{"answer": "Rattle | Rattle | 19th century | Native American (Arapaho) | United States | Gourd, wood, glass pellets | Idiophone-Shaken-rattle", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "music", "dossier": "0626289ad053e05b", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Rattle | Rattle | 19th century | Native American (Arapaho) | United States | Gourd, wood, glass pellets | Idiophone-Shaken-rattle", "Tang Kang | Tang Kang | late 19th century | Bornean | Borneo | Bamboo | Chordophone", "Lyre Guitar | Lyre Guitar | 1807 | Gennaro Fabricatore | Italian | Naples | Italy | Spruce, maple, ebony | Chordophone-Lute-plucked-fretted", "Pochette | Pochette | 1670s | Georg Wörle | German | Augsburg | Germany | Spruce, ebony, ivory, gut | Chordophone-Lute-bowed-unfretted"], "qid": "T2_music_1c70f1c576c7", "question": {"media": "0626289ad053e05b.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"0626289ad053e05b.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "0626289ad053e05b"}
+{"answer": "Rattle | Rattle | late 19th century | Congolese | Upper Congo | wood | Idiophone-Shaken-rattle", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "music", "dossier": "46b36dca668c1695", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Rattle | Rattle | late 19th century | Congolese | Upper Congo | wood | Idiophone-Shaken-rattle", "Ch'in Sian | Ch'in Sian | 19th century | Chinese | Xiaoxi (Sio khe) | Fujian Province | China | Wood, snake skin, brass. | Membranophone-single-headed / frame drum", "Bell | Bell | 1st century | Italian (Ancient Roman) | Rome ? | Italy | bronze | Idiophone-Struck-bell-clapper", "Division Viol | Division Viol | 1629 | Henry Smith | British | London | England | United Kingdom | Maple, spruce | Chordophone-Lute-bowed-fretted"], "qid": "T2_music_6d71cfb186b0", "question": {"media": "46b36dca668c1695.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"46b36dca668c1695.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "46b36dca668c1695"}
+{"answer": "Regal | Regal | ca. 1720–40 | German | Germany | Wood, various | Aerophone-Organ", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "music", "dossier": "2df9d8884d3144da", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Square Piano | Square Piano | 1829 | Jonas Chickering | American | Boston | Massachusetts | United States | Wood, various materials | Chordophone-Zither-struck-piano", "Sarangi | Sarangi | 19th century | Indian (Gujarat) | Gujarat | India | Wood, metal, parchment, horsehair, mother-of -pearl, ivory, paint | Chordophone-Lute-bowed-unfretted", "Tār | Tār (tār-e qavazi) | late 19th century | Iranian (Persian) | Iran (Persia) | Wood, bladder?, bone, mother-of-pearl | Chordophone-Lute-plucked-fretted", "Regal | Regal | ca. 1720–40 | German | Germany | Wood, various | Aerophone-Organ"], "qid": "T2_music_2f3123cd3809", "question": {"media": "2df9d8884d3144da.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"2df9d8884d3144da.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "2df9d8884d3144da"}
+{"answer": "Sarangi | Sarangi | 19th century | Indian (Gujarat) | Gujarat | India | Wood, metal, parchment, horsehair, mother-of -pearl, ivory, paint | Chordophone-Lute-bowed-unfretted", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "music", "dossier": "acac0edca098f483", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Sarangi | Sarangi | 19th century | Indian (Gujarat) | Gujarat | India | Wood, metal, parchment, horsehair, mother-of -pearl, ivory, paint | Chordophone-Lute-bowed-unfretted", "Quadruple Bell | Quadruple Bell | late 19th century | Gabonese | Gabon? | Wood | Idiophone-Shaken-rattle", "Violoncello | Violoncello | 18th century | German | Germany | Wood, strings | Chordophone-Lute-bowed-unfretted", "Pottery Whistle | Pottery Whistle | date uncertain | Mexican | Coatlan | Mexico | Veracruz | Pottery | Aerophone-Whistle Flute-whistle"], "qid": "T2_music_abf30f86fd3e", "question": {"media": "acac0edca098f483.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"acac0edca098f483.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "acac0edca098f483"}
+{"answer": "Sgra-Snyan | Sgra-Snyan | late 19th century | Unknown Maker, Tibet | Tibetan | Tibet | Wood, hide, wire, polychrome | Chordophone-Lute-plucked-unfretted", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "music", "dossier": "9debd6ede0589594", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Violoncello Bow | Violoncello Bow | ca. 1800–1825 | Dodd workshop(?) | British | London | England | United Kingdom | Wood, other materials | Chordophone-Accessories-bow", "Sgra-Snyan | Sgra-Snyan | late 19th century | Unknown Maker, Tibet | Tibetan | Tibet | Wood, hide, wire, polychrome | Chordophone-Lute-plucked-unfretted", "Square Piano | Square Piano | 1797 | John Broadwood & Sons | British | London | England | Mahogany veneer, boxwood, iron, brass, ivory, ebony, and various materials | Chordophone-Zither-struck-piano", "Fellahi | Fellahi | late 19th century | Turkish | Turkey | Wood | Chordophone-Lute-plucked-unfretted"], "qid": "T2_music_5573d117bf0a", "question": {"media": "9debd6ede0589594.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"9debd6ede0589594.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "9debd6ede0589594"}
+{"answer": "Shakuhachi | Shakuhachi | 19th century | Japanese | Japan | Bamboo, horn, lacquer | Aerophone-Blow Hole-end-blown flute (vertical)", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "music", "dossier": "586edb5b443d22cb", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Svirel | Svirel | late 19th century | Russian | Russia | Cane | Aerophone-Blow Hole-end-blown flute (vertical)", "Regal | Regal | ca. 1720–40 | German | Germany | Wood, various | Aerophone-Organ", "Pottery Whistle | Pottery Whistle | ca. 800–1000 | Costa Rican | Guanacaste | Costa Rica | Nicoya Peninsula | Clay, polychrome | Aerophone-Whistle Flute-whistle", "Shakuhachi | Shakuhachi | 19th century | Japanese | Japan | Bamboo, horn, lacquer | Aerophone-Blow Hole-end-blown flute (vertical)"], "qid": "T2_music_3d0e0d40c5ce", "question": {"media": "586edb5b443d22cb.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"586edb5b443d22cb.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "586edb5b443d22cb"}
+{"answer": "Side (Snare) Drum | Side (Snare) Drum | First half 19th century | American | United States | Wood, various materials | Membranophone-double-headed / cylindrical drum", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "music", "dossier": "72d4404024f2159c", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Whistling Jar | Whistling Jar | 200 BCE–1000 CE | Peruvian | Peru | North Coast | Clay | Aerophone-Blow Hole-vessel flute", "Side (Snare) Drum | Side (Snare) Drum | First half 19th century | American | United States | Wood, various materials | Membranophone-double-headed / cylindrical drum", "Mashak | Mashak | 19th century | Burmese | Myanmar (formerly Burma) | Wood, leather | Aerophone-Reed Vibrated-bagpipe", "Tzilinilli (crotal bell) | Tzilinilli (crotal bell) | 10th–16th century | Aztec | Mexico | leaded copper | Idiophone-Shaken-crotal bell"], "qid": "T2_music_5083bfc818c8", "question": {"media": "72d4404024f2159c.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"72d4404024f2159c.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "72d4404024f2159c"}
+{"answer": "Whistling Jar | Whistling Jar | 200 BCE–600 CE | Peruvian | Peru | North Coast | Pottery | Aerophone-Blow Hole-vessel flute", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "music", "dossier": "a5a1c954a1a4a95b", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Shakuhachi | Shakuhachi | 19th century | Japanese | Japan | Bamboo, horn, lacquer | Aerophone-Blow Hole-end-blown flute (vertical)", "Slento | Slento | late 19th century | Henry Hannah | Javanese | Jakarta | Central Java | Indonesia | Wood, metal | Idiophone-Struck-bar-metal", "Whistling Jar | Whistling Jar | 200 BCE–600 CE | Peruvian | Peru | North Coast | Pottery | Aerophone-Blow Hole-vessel flute", "Po (鈸 ) | Po | 19th century | Chinese | China | Metal | Idiophone-Concussion"], "qid": "T2_music_72528e4a4da4", "question": {"media": "a5a1c954a1a4a95b.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"a5a1c954a1a4a95b.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "a5a1c954a1a4a95b"}
+{"answer": "Woman Holding an Accordion tintype | Tintype | late 1860s | American | United States | Tintype | Works on Paper", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "music", "dossier": "e07bffdb020dbb93", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Woman Holding an Accordion tintype | Tintype | late 1860s | American | United States | Tintype | Works on Paper", "Harmonium | Harmonium | after 1886 | Victor and Auguste Mustel | French | Paris | France | Wood, various materials | Aerophone-Free Reed-harmonium", "Drum | Drum | 19th century | Russian | Russia | Wood, skin | Membranophone-double-headed / barrel drum", "Portative Organ | Portative Organ | late 19th century | Probably by Leopoldo Franciolini | Italian | Florence | Italy | Wood, various materials | Aerophone-Organ"], "qid": "T2_music_36ed0547ca34", "question": {"media": "e07bffdb020dbb93.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"e07bffdb020dbb93.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "e07bffdb020dbb93"}
+{"answer": "\"Japanese Fiddle\" | \"Japanese Fiddle\" | 19th century | American | United States | Wood | Chordophone-Lute-plucked-unfretted", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "music", "dossier": "b495db421694bc3e", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Streichmelodeon | Streichmelodeon | late 19th century | German | Germany | Wood, metal | Chordophone-Zither-bowed", "\"Japanese Fiddle\" | \"Japanese Fiddle\" | 19th century | American | United States | Wood | Chordophone-Lute-plucked-unfretted", "Pupa Horn | Pupa (horn) | late 19th century | Melanesian (Nggela Islands, Solomon Islands) | Nggela Islands (formerly Florida Islands) | Solomon Islands | Bamboo | Aerophone-Lip Vibrated-trumpet / trombone", "Guenbri | Guenbri | late 19th century | Moroccan | Morocco | wood, parchment | Chordophone-Lute-plucked-unfretted"], "qid": "T2_music_04402af3c4f4", "question": {"media": "b495db421694bc3e.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"b495db421694bc3e.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "b495db421694bc3e"}
diff --git a/release/gold/T2/politics.jsonl b/release/gold/T2/politics.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c93bd87d57c31d6a0eb0da747afb569d66ce6d4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/gold/T2/politics.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{"answer": "1948 election poster for Irish political party Fianna Fáil", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "ed3ffb8e2743c339", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Bob Latta as a Representative from Ohio.", "Official Portrait of Representative Bob Good", "An election advertisement for Aaro Heikkilä (SDP) published in the North Karelia electoral district in 1970.", "1948 election poster for Irish political party Fianna Fáil"], "qid": "T2_politics_724893207701", "question": {"media": "ed3ffb8e2743c339.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"ed3ffb8e2743c339.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "ed3ffb8e2743c339"}
+{"answer": "2000 Washington Senate election results by county.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "af765f5857decde7", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Polling station Nr. 243 before 2011 Latvian Parliamentary election in Rēzekne.", "2000 Washington Senate election results by county.", "A campaign flier distributed near a voting station in the 2015 election for mayor of Bridgeport, CT.", "Sen. Mike Braun (R-IN) official Senate Portrait"], "qid": "T2_politics_9271f8aec406", "question": {"media": "af765f5857decde7.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description serves as the authoritative description of the image \"af765f5857decde7.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "af765f5857decde7"}
+{"answer": "2018 General Elections in Turkey: Ballot counting at a voting station (school) in Çankaya, Ankara: Please notice the little girl (who is not looking at the objective) following the results beside her father, making a \"democracy internship\".", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "cc1922aa77e87420", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["A simple Portable Network Graphics (.png) rendering of an \"Ike\" button, popularized during the 1952 United States presidential election, supportive of the candidacy of Army General Dwight D. Eisenhower for President of the United States as a Republican. This image, which I (Tyrol5) created myself using simple image editing software, is based loosely on the likes of this.", "2018 General Elections in Turkey: Ballot counting at a voting station (school) in Çankaya, Ankara: Please notice the little girl (who is not looking at the objective) following the results beside her father, making a \"democracy internship\".", "Kay Bailey Hutchison, member of the United States Senate.", "Rep. Claudia Tenney (R-NY) official portrait, 117th Congress"], "qid": "T2_politics_a9ffa784b517", "question": {"media": "cc1922aa77e87420.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"cc1922aa77e87420.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "cc1922aa77e87420"}
+{"answer": "A group of Red Shirts as they pose at the polls at Old Hundred, Scotland County, North Carolina, on Election Day, 8 November 1898. Some members of the group sport white supremacy buttons and pistols. From the General Negative Collection, North Carolina State Archives, Raleigh, NC.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "cd7896c284b1ed48", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Third Reich memorabilia and collectables: Nazi propaganda, election posters, NSDAP signs, Hitler portraits, etc. Adolf Hitler ist der Sieg! ('Adolf Hitler is the Victory!'), Nazi propaganda poster 1943 by Rudolf Gerhard-Zill Führer wir folgen dir! Alle sagen Ja! (NS-Propagandaplakat über die Vereinigung der Ämter von Reichskanzler und Reichspräsident 1934) Small decoration pennants with Nazi swastikas (National flag of Nazi Germany) Adolf Hitler Mein Kampf (advertising poster for Hitler's book) Einmaliges Gastspiel Horst Wessel (theatrical poster) Von der Reichszeugmeisterei der N.S.D.A.P. zugelassene Verkaufsstelle für Bekleidung, Ausrüstung und Abzeichen (enamel wall sign for a shop selling uniform and insignia products approved by the The Reichszeugmeisterei (quartermaster's office), the national material control office of Nazi Germany ) Der Bannerträger ('The Standard bearer'), portratit of Hitler as knight by Hubert Lanzinger 1934-36 Unser Gruß ist Heil Hitler ('Our greeting is Heil Hitler!', enamel wall sign with Nazi swastika) Hitler portrait Auch Du by Ottomar Anton, recruting young Hitler Youths to the Waffen-SS, ca. 1943 Melde dich freiwillig zum Wehrdienst in der Panzer-Grenadierdivision Feldherrnhalle (Aufruf durch die SA), painting by Axster-Heudtlass, showing idealised young men, tank, etc. Fall 1943, 59,5 x 83,5 cm etc. Photo taken in 2015 showing items from the former International Museum of World War II in Natick, Massachusetts, a few miles west of Boston. The museum existed from 1999 to 2019 and housed a by-reservation-only exhibition of memorabilia and militaria consisting of over 7,000 artifacts, 100 uniforms, books, photos, etc.", "DRC Kinshasa 28th of November 2011. Elections Day, Voting Day and Ballots counting. MONUSCO / Myriam Asmani", "A group of Red Shirts as they pose at the polls at Old Hundred, Scotland County, North Carolina, on Election Day, 8 November 1898. Some members of the group sport white supremacy buttons and pistols. From the General Negative Collection, North Carolina State Archives, Raleigh, NC.", "people milling about before and after voting at Colegio Patrocinio de San José for 2019 Spanish general elections in Madrid."], "qid": "T2_politics_dbf3635b7e1a", "question": {"media": "cd7896c284b1ed48.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"cd7896c284b1ed48.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "cd7896c284b1ed48"}
+{"answer": "Board of Nissewaard a leader in municipal elections", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "bb6ac51aa5d30ffb", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Board of Nissewaard a leader in municipal elections", "MHP (Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi, Nationalist Action Party) and CHP (Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi, Republican People's Party) election buses before the Turkish municipal elections in Beşiktaş, İstanbul, Turkey.", "A polling booth in the w:New Forest for the UK vote change referendum and local government election.", "Tiobox transparent plastic ballot box used for elections and voting."], "qid": "T2_politics_18ba63cc2d24", "question": {"media": "bb6ac51aa5d30ffb.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"bb6ac51aa5d30ffb.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "bb6ac51aa5d30ffb"}
+{"answer": "Carolyn McCarthy, House Representative from New York", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "5983ce348dd1048a", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Timothy J. Walz, House Representative from Minnesota", "Tim Ryan, House Representative from Ohio", "Carolyn McCarthy, House Representative from New York", "Steny Hoyer, House Representative from Maryland, Minority Whip of the House of Representatives"], "qid": "T2_politics_89c964a5055a", "question": {"media": "5983ce348dd1048a.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"5983ce348dd1048a.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "5983ce348dd1048a"}
+{"answer": "Collection: Cornell University Collection of Political Americana, Cornell University Library Repository: Susan H. Douglas Political Americana Collection, #2214 Rare & Manuscript Collections, Cornell University Library, Cornell University Title: William H. Taft-Sherman Campaign Buttons and Badge, ca. 1912 Political Party: Republican Election Year: 1912 Date Made: ca. 1912 Measurement: Mount: 11 x 8 1/2 in.; 27.94 x 21.59 cm Classification: Photographs Persistent URI: hdl.handle.net/1813.001/613b", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "90b62e190cb3736e", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Collection: Cornell University Collection of Political Americana, Cornell University Library Repository: Susan H. Douglas Political Americana Collection, #2214 Rare & Manuscript Collections, Cornell University Library, Cornell University Title: William H. Taft-Sherman Campaign Buttons and Badge, ca. 1912 Political Party: Republican Election Year: 1912 Date Made: ca. 1912 Measurement: Mount: 11 x 8 1/2 in.; 27.94 x 21.59 cm Classification: Photographs Persistent URI: hdl.handle.net/1813.001/613b", "A common example of vituperation by people on 2010 Afghanistan Parliamentary Election.", "KOIB voting machines at district 3027 in Khimki", "Advert on the back of one of Stockholms spårvägars (the local bus operator in Stockholm at the time) trolleybuses that says vote no at the election regarding if Sweden should drive on the right or left side. The election took place at October 16, 1955. September 3, 1967 Sweden did go from left hand to right hand driving though the result of the election showed that over 80 % wanted to keep driving on the left side of the road."], "qid": "T2_politics_a7ef114f3047", "question": {"media": "90b62e190cb3736e.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"90b62e190cb3736e.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "90b62e190cb3736e"}
+{"answer": "Congressman Miller attends the Rainbow Community Center's 5th Annual Pride on the Plaza", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "e32252bb7ef7f37c", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Congressman Miller attends the Rainbow Community Center's 5th Annual Pride on the Plaza", "FrOfficial Ballot Maryland Prince George's County Republican Primary, 2012", "Richard John Santorum, aka Rick Santorum, is a former United States Senator from Pennsylvania. He is a Republican presidential candidate for 2012. The body was adapted from a photo by Russell Lee for the U.S. Farm Security Administration available from the Library of Congress.", "Robie's Country Store, an institution in American elections for decades. Hooksett, New Hampshire"], "qid": "T2_politics_c0259e2a91c8", "question": {"media": "e32252bb7ef7f37c.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"e32252bb7ef7f37c.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "e32252bb7ef7f37c"}
+{"answer": "David G. Reichert, House Representative from Washington", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "7baaae357029fd29", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Ben Ray Luján, House Representative from New Mexico", "David P. Joyce, House Representative from Ohio", "Elizabeth Esty, House Representative from Connecticut", "David G. Reichert, House Representative from Washington"], "qid": "T2_politics_e6c9c75a54b1", "question": {"media": "7baaae357029fd29.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"7baaae357029fd29.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "7baaae357029fd29"}
+{"answer": "Dr. Reiner Haseloff Unser neuer Ministerpräsident Am 20. März beide Stimmen CDU Abbildung: Foto - Autogramm Kommentar: Wahlplakat 3. Welle Internetdownload Plakatart: Kandidaten-/Personenplakat mit Porträt Auftraggeber: V.i.S.d.P.: CDU Sachsen-Anhalt, Bernd Reisener, Magdeburg Objekt-Signatur: 10-036 : 1402 Bestand: Landtagswahlplakate Sachsen-Anhalt (10-036) GliederungBestand10-18: Landtagswahlplakate Sachsen-Anhalt (10-036) » CDU", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "d3ac9bf6994c7cb9", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["... Kundgebung ... mit Ministerpräsident a.D. Karl Arnold CDU CDU. Einheit . Freiheit . Frieden . CDU . Einheit ... Plakatart: Ankündigungsplakat Auftraggeber: CDU-Bundesgeschäftsstelle, Bonn Drucker_Druckart_Druckort: KVD, Köln Objekt-Signatur: 10-009 : 365 Bestand: Landtagswahlplakate Nordrhein-Westfalen (10-009) GliederungBestand10-18: Landtagswahlplakate Nordrhein-Westfalen (10-009) » Landtagswahl am 6.7.1958 » Ankündigungsplakate", "\"We cannot perform magic - but we can do our job. Do your part. Vote CDU.\" This campaign poster was created for Germany's first postwar election in 1949.", "Dr. Reiner Haseloff Unser neuer Ministerpräsident Am 20. März beide Stimmen CDU Abbildung: Foto - Autogramm Kommentar: Wahlplakat 3. Welle Internetdownload Plakatart: Kandidaten-/Personenplakat mit Porträt Auftraggeber: V.i.S.d.P.: CDU Sachsen-Anhalt, Bernd Reisener, Magdeburg Objekt-Signatur: 10-036 : 1402 Bestand: Landtagswahlplakate Sachsen-Anhalt (10-036) GliederungBestand10-18: Landtagswahlplakate Sachsen-Anhalt (10-036) » CDU", "Uwe Greve \"Wer etwas bewegen will, muß selbst anpacken.\" Sicher in die Zukunft CDU Abbildung: Foto - hält einen Backstein in seiner Hand Plakatart: Kandidaten-/Personenplakat mit Porträt Objekt-Signatur: 10-001 : 4073 Bestand: Plakate zu Bundestagswahlen (10-001) GliederungBestand10-18: Plakate zu Bundestagswahlen (10-001) » Die 13. Bundestagswahl am 16. Oktober 1994 » CDU » Mit Porträtfoto"], "qid": "T2_politics_704ba55bc512", "question": {"media": "d3ac9bf6994c7cb9.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"d3ac9bf6994c7cb9.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "d3ac9bf6994c7cb9"}
+{"answer": "Ed Perlmutter, House Representative from Colorado", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "2386db2f52304768", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Nydia M. Velázquez , House Representative from New York", "David G. Reichert, House Representative from Washington", "Steny Hoyer, House Representative from Maryland, Minority Whip of the House of Representatives", "Ed Perlmutter, House Representative from Colorado"], "qid": "T2_politics_6f73f9b1df35", "question": {"media": "2386db2f52304768.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"2386db2f52304768.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "2386db2f52304768"}
+{"answer": "Election posters for \"Kulanu\" and \"Israel beyteno\" in Lod, 2019", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "e33e69b7d57f3c79", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["A weathered but unaltered Hamilton Fish election poster as seen in 2012 in NYC", "Luzhkov: I vote for Russia's future. A 2008 Russian Presidential Campaign banner in Manezhnaya Square.", "KOIB voting machines at district 3027 in Khimki", "Election posters for \"Kulanu\" and \"Israel beyteno\" in Lod, 2019"], "qid": "T2_politics_8c9363b8c79c", "question": {"media": "e33e69b7d57f3c79.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"e33e69b7d57f3c79.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "e33e69b7d57f3c79"}
+{"answer": "Election time municipality Council in Spijkenisse", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "46a58f0712dfc061", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Election time municipality Council in Spijkenisse", "A sign for the far-right Buffalo Party of Saskatchewan, 2020 provincial election. This candidate would ultimately come second place in the Kindersley constituency.", "Third Reich memorabilia and collectables: Nazi propaganda, election posters, NSDAP signs, Hitler portraits, etc. Adolf Hitler ist der Sieg! ('Adolf Hitler is the Victory!'), Nazi propaganda poster 1943 by Rudolf Gerhard-Zill Führer wir folgen dir! Alle sagen Ja! (NS-Propagandaplakat über die Vereinigung der Ämter von Reichskanzler und Reichspräsident 1934) Small decoration pennants with Nazi swastikas (National flag of Nazi Germany) Adolf Hitler Mein Kampf (advertising poster for Hitler's book) Einmaliges Gastspiel Horst Wessel (theatrical poster) Von der Reichszeugmeisterei der N.S.D.A.P. zugelassene Verkaufsstelle für Bekleidung, Ausrüstung und Abzeichen (enamel wall sign for a shop selling uniform and insignia products approved by the The Reichszeugmeisterei (quartermaster's office), the national material control office of Nazi Germany ) Der Bannerträger ('The Standard bearer'), portratit of Hitler as knight by Hubert Lanzinger 1934-36 Unser Gruß ist Heil Hitler ('Our greeting is Heil Hitler!', enamel wall sign with Nazi swastika) Hitler portrait Auch Du by Ottomar Anton, recruting young Hitler Youths to the Waffen-SS, ca. 1943 Melde dich freiwillig zum Wehrdienst in der Panzer-Grenadierdivision Feldherrnhalle (Aufruf durch die SA), painting by Axster-Heudtlass, showing idealised young men, tank, etc. Fall 1943, 59,5 x 83,5 cm etc. Photo taken in 2015 showing items from the former International Museum of World War II in Natick, Massachusetts, a few miles west of Boston. The museum existed from 1999 to 2019 and housed a by-reservation-only exhibition of memorabilia and militaria consisting of over 7,000 artifacts, 100 uniforms, books, photos, etc.", "Official Portrait of Representative Andrew Garbarino"], "qid": "T2_politics_7bf5b510e7c9", "question": {"media": "46a58f0712dfc061.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"46a58f0712dfc061.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "46a58f0712dfc061"}
+{"answer": "Jeb Hensarling, House Representative from Texas", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "176eab21b291b87e", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Timothy J. Walz, House Representative from Minnesota", "Tom Latham, House Representative from Iowa", "David G. Reichert, House Representative from Washington", "Jeb Hensarling, House Representative from Texas"], "qid": "T2_politics_88f8ca23a0c9", "question": {"media": "176eab21b291b87e.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"176eab21b291b87e.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "176eab21b291b87e"}
+{"answer": "Kay Bailey Hutchison, member of the United States Senate.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "8842b659f8411449", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["placard for \"yes\" in Moroccan referendum on constitution change of 1st of July 2011 (decided as a reaction to protests of Arab spring), still present on July 3 (it should have been removed on 30 of June). The \"yes\" is associated with picture of King Mohammed VI who announced he would vote for the new constitution. The add is supported by inhabitants of old portuguese district of El Jadida", "Voting sign positioned outside St John's Roslyn Anglican church", "Kay Bailey Hutchison, member of the United States Senate.", "Portrait of John Mica by Ned Bittinger, House of Representatives Collection."], "qid": "T2_politics_4a7c62269275", "question": {"media": "8842b659f8411449.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"8842b659f8411449.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "8842b659f8411449"}
+{"answer": "Keith J. Rothfus, House Representative from Pennyslvania", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "b4d186c82123a74d", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["David Loebsack, House Representative from Iowa", "Timothy F. Murphy, House Representative from Pennyslvania", "Keith J. Rothfus, House Representative from Pennyslvania", "Peter Welch, House Representative from Vermont"], "qid": "T2_politics_08f0667474a3", "question": {"media": "b4d186c82123a74d.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"b4d186c82123a74d.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "b4d186c82123a74d"}
+{"answer": "Kendrick Meek, member of the United States Congress.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "f646f2975184b8ab", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Official portrait of United States Senator Joe Manchin.", "Kendrick Meek, member of the United States Congress.", "Official portrait of Congressman John Fleming (R-LA)", "Todd Tiahrt, member of the United States Congress."], "qid": "T2_politics_4c408552c223", "question": {"media": "f646f2975184b8ab.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"f646f2975184b8ab.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "f646f2975184b8ab"}
+{"answer": "Kirsten Gillibrand, United States Senator from New York and former Congresswoman representing New York's 20th congressional district. This photo was taken when she was a member of the House of Representatives.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "ce93d551a0dffcf5", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Kirsten Gillibrand, United States Senator from New York and former Congresswoman representing New York's 20th congressional district. This photo was taken when she was a member of the House of Representatives.", "KOIB voting machines at district 3027 in Khimki", "MHP (Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi, Nationalist Action Party) and CHP (Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi, Republican People's Party) election buses before the Turkish municipal elections in Beşiktaş, İstanbul, Turkey.", "Election posters for municipal elections, Apeldoorn 2010"], "qid": "T2_politics_d2fd8df5f3dd", "question": {"media": "ce93d551a0dffcf5.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"ce93d551a0dffcf5.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "ce93d551a0dffcf5"}
+{"answer": "Mayor sign for David Miller's re-election", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "3c2f30908f54c008", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Rep. Claudia Tenney (R-NY) official portrait, 117th Congress", "Mayor sign for David Miller's re-election", "Electoral poster of Romania's National Democratic Party, used in the 1932 election; prominently features the party two-squares logo. Reads: Plugari, Votați semnul Conversiunei, Care va [sic] dat din nou viața, descătușindu-vă din lanțurile cămătarului, redându-vă liber pământul pentru care ați sângerat în răsboiu. Votați semnul Conversiunei (\"Plowmen, Vote for the symbol of [debt] Conversion, which has restored your life, breaking apart the usurer's bondage, returning to you for free the land for which you have suffered during the war. Vote for the symbol of Conversion\").", "Election posters for municipal elections, Apeldoorn 2010"], "qid": "T2_politics_eda540578e91", "question": {"media": "3c2f30908f54c008.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"3c2f30908f54c008.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "3c2f30908f54c008"}
+{"answer": "Mike Pence, member of the United States House of Representatives.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "c8e85e3329168e67", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["County council election campaign poster for the Swedish Centre Party from 1930. Text: \"Butter or margarine\". The party's bill that the county council's medical services should only serve butter and not margarine has been defeated by the other parties.", "Rep. Mike Bost (R-IL) official photo, 117th Congress", "Mike Pence, member of the United States House of Representatives.", "Parliamentary election posters in Tampere, Finland."], "qid": "T2_politics_9d10a963deee", "question": {"media": "c8e85e3329168e67.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"c8e85e3329168e67.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "c8e85e3329168e67"}
+{"answer": "Official Portrait of Representative Randy Feenstra", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "efe0d5e8ec81b856", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Abigail Spanberger, member of the United States House of Representatives from Virginia.", "Official portrait of Congresswoman Lynn Jenkins (R-KS).", "Official Portrait of Representative Tracey Mann", "Official Portrait of Representative Randy Feenstra"], "qid": "T2_politics_1bbcb94c1d74", "question": {"media": "efe0d5e8ec81b856.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"efe0d5e8ec81b856.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "efe0d5e8ec81b856"}
+{"answer": "Official portrait of Congressman John Fleming (R-LA)", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "48f71fbd826e9a0f", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Official portrait of Congressman John Fleming (R-LA)", "Lincoln Davis, member of the United States Congress.", "Official portrait of United States Senator John Thune.", "Official portrait of U.S. Senator Heidi Heitkamp (D-ND)."], "qid": "T2_politics_6383c8e6c2b5", "question": {"media": "48f71fbd826e9a0f.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"48f71fbd826e9a0f.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "48f71fbd826e9a0f"}
+{"answer": "Official portrait of US Rep. Ann Marie Buerkle", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "a99044a846b93a35", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Official portrait of US Rep. Ann Marie Buerkle", "Rep. August Pfluger (R-TX) official photo, 117th Congress", "Official Portrait of Representative Tracey Mann", "Official Portrait of Representative Randy Feenstra"], "qid": "T2_politics_0e37ff57917e", "question": {"media": "a99044a846b93a35.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"a99044a846b93a35.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "a99044a846b93a35"}
+{"answer": "Posters for the Denk political party during the Dutch municipal elections 2022, that are located in the Rotterdammer neighbourhood of the Oude Noorden, Rotterdam-Noord.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "7952053077f9c52d", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Posters for the Denk political party during the Dutch municipal elections 2022, that are located in the Rotterdammer neighbourhood of the Oude Noorden, Rotterdam-Noord.", "An election poster for the VVD (\"People's Party for Freedom and Democracy\") in the Groninger village of Oude Pekela.", "A pamphlet issued as a part of a political campaign for the BIJ1 political party during the Dutch municipal elections of 2022, that is located in the Rotterdammer neighbourhood of 110-Morgen, Hillegersberg-Schiebroek.", "An election poster for the Democratic Party '66 in the city of Groningen."], "qid": "T2_politics_8b4fb9372b00", "question": {"media": "7952053077f9c52d.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"7952053077f9c52d.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "7952053077f9c52d"}
+{"answer": "Presidential elections in 2012. Precinct № 401 in Central town library named after Arkady Petrovich Malashenko, Pereslavl. Anonymous voter votes.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "e430b52e95252929", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Presidential elections in 2012. Precinct № 401 in Central town library named after Arkady Petrovich Malashenko, Pereslavl. Anonymous voter votes.", "Portrait of U.S. Senator Steve Daines (R-MT)", "Sen. Mike Braun (R-IN) official Senate Portrait", "Special board for election campaigns filled with poster of pro and against parties of Association agreement with Ukraine. Located in Utrecht."], "qid": "T2_politics_5901e7bb65e8", "question": {"media": "e430b52e95252929.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"e430b52e95252929.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "e430b52e95252929"}
+{"answer": "Rep. Mike Bost (R-IL) official photo, 117th Congress", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "367e081a1d1f99d7", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Election poster for Yulia Tymoshenko next the the park, Dnipropetrovsk.", "Official portrait of Congressman Peter T. King.", "Congressional Portrait, Congressman Chris Cox", "Rep. Mike Bost (R-IL) official photo, 117th Congress"], "qid": "T2_politics_25d9c6bd2282", "question": {"media": "367e081a1d1f99d7.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"367e081a1d1f99d7.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "367e081a1d1f99d7"}
+{"answer": "Richard John Santorum, aka Rick Santorum, is a former United States Senator from Pennsylvania. He is a Republican presidential candidate for 2012. The body was adapted from a photo by Russell Lee for the U.S. Farm Security Administration available from the Library of Congress.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "f8cff5e21c5d9c62", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["FrOfficial Ballot Maryland Prince George's County Republican Primary, 2012", "Richard John Santorum, aka Rick Santorum, is a former United States Senator from Pennsylvania. He is a Republican presidential candidate for 2012. The body was adapted from a photo by Russell Lee for the U.S. Farm Security Administration available from the Library of Congress.", "Congressman Miller attends the Rainbow Community Center's 5th Annual Pride on the Plaza", "1980 Washington senate election by counties"], "qid": "T2_politics_8f73d5508153", "question": {"media": "f8cff5e21c5d9c62.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"f8cff5e21c5d9c62.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "f8cff5e21c5d9c62"}
+{"answer": "Rick Crawford, House Representative from Arkansas", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "9d9be20791e52800", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Gene Green, House Representative from Texas", "David P. Joyce, House Representative from Ohio", "Alan Nunnelee, House Representative from Mississippi", "Rick Crawford, House Representative from Arkansas"], "qid": "T2_politics_b23eb34cf7b2", "question": {"media": "9d9be20791e52800.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"9d9be20791e52800.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "9d9be20791e52800"}
+{"answer": "Robie's Country Store, an institution in American elections for decades. Hooksett, New Hampshire", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "62b2bafc6e5b18a8", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Maryland Dream Act Election Night Celebration", "Robie's Country Store, an institution in American elections for decades. Hooksett, New Hampshire", "Chris Collins Updated Official Portrait 113th Congress", "Former Senator George LeMieux speaking at CPAC FL in Orlando, Florida."], "qid": "T2_politics_870eec883331", "question": {"media": "62b2bafc6e5b18a8.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"62b2bafc6e5b18a8.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "62b2bafc6e5b18a8"}
+{"answer": "Sinn Féin election poster in 1918, quoting D. D. Sheehan MP, leading up to the December 1918 general election in Ireland.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "83732acd9c769889", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Voting sign positioned outside St John's Roslyn Anglican church", "Sinn Féin election poster in 1918, quoting D. D. Sheehan MP, leading up to the December 1918 general election in Ireland.", "Luzhkov: I vote for Russia's future. A 2008 Russian Presidential Campaign banner in Manezhnaya Square.", "The Leeming Bar Community Hub, on the Wensleydale Railway, being used as a Polling Station in 2019. The hub is a converted Class 117 Diesel Multiple Unit trailer which has no power of its own, but is shunted into position by a locomotive. The Community Hub is a designated polling station in local and national elections in Great Britain. This was for the European representatives in the European Parliament."], "qid": "T2_politics_c53b8bfa9605", "question": {"media": "83732acd9c769889.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"83732acd9c769889.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "83732acd9c769889"}
+{"answer": "Some shots taken on polling day in Vanuatu's 2012 general election.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "65e70e6fbeb62120", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Logo/symbol of the Alignment of the Israeli Labor Party and Mapam, utilized in the 1969 Israeli election cycle", "Some shots taken on polling day in Vanuatu's 2012 general election.", "Voters in Des Moines precincts 44, 58 and 59 cast their ballots at Callanan Middle School.", "Mike Pence, member of the United States House of Representatives."], "qid": "T2_politics_88b478e5ceac", "question": {"media": "65e70e6fbeb62120.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description serves as the authoritative description of the image \"65e70e6fbeb62120.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "65e70e6fbeb62120"}
+{"answer": "Steny Hoyer, House Representative from Maryland, Minority Whip of the House of Representatives", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "92eb05723946bee3", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Daniel Lipinski, House Representative from Illinois", "Hank Johnson, House Representative from Georgia", "Steny Hoyer, House Representative from Maryland, Minority Whip of the House of Representatives", "Ed Perlmutter, House Representative from Colorado"], "qid": "T2_politics_ec1fc3152f12", "question": {"media": "92eb05723946bee3.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"92eb05723946bee3.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "92eb05723946bee3"}
+{"answer": "Thai provincial election 20 December 2020, Koh Samui, Surat Thani Province.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "ed557d11b35510ef", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Official 113th Congressional portrait of Republican United States Representative, Paul Ryan, of Wisconsin's 1st congressional district.", "Poster used by the 50Plus party of the Netherlands in the EU elections of 2014", "Thai provincial election 20 December 2020, Koh Samui, Surat Thani Province.", "MHP (Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi, Nationalist Action Party) and CHP (Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi, Republican People's Party) election buses before the Turkish municipal elections in Beşiktaş, İstanbul, Turkey."], "qid": "T2_politics_24ea3d923ae5", "question": {"media": "ed557d11b35510ef.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"ed557d11b35510ef.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "ed557d11b35510ef"}
+{"answer": "Third Reich memorabilia and collectables: Nazi propaganda, election posters, NSDAP signs, Hitler portraits, etc. Adolf Hitler ist der Sieg! ('Adolf Hitler is the Victory!'), Nazi propaganda poster 1943 by Rudolf Gerhard-Zill Führer wir folgen dir! Alle sagen Ja! (NS-Propagandaplakat über die Vereinigung der Ämter von Reichskanzler und Reichspräsident 1934) Small decoration pennants with Nazi swastikas (National flag of Nazi Germany) Adolf Hitler Mein Kampf (advertising poster for Hitler's book) Einmaliges Gastspiel Horst Wessel (theatrical poster) Von der Reichszeugmeisterei der N.S.D.A.P. zugelassene Verkaufsstelle für Bekleidung, Ausrüstung und Abzeichen (enamel wall sign for a shop selling uniform and insignia products approved by the The Reichszeugmeisterei (quartermaster's office), the national material control office of Nazi Germany ) Der Bannerträger ('The Standard bearer'), portratit of Hitler as knight by Hubert Lanzinger 1934-36 Unser Gruß ist Heil Hitler ('Our greeting is Heil Hitler!', enamel wall sign with Nazi swastika) Hitler portrait Auch Du by Ottomar Anton, recruting young Hitler Youths to the Waffen-SS, ca. 1943 Melde dich freiwillig zum Wehrdienst in der Panzer-Grenadierdivision Feldherrnhalle (Aufruf durch die SA), painting by Axster-Heudtlass, showing idealised young men, tank, etc. Fall 1943, 59,5 x 83,5 cm etc. Photo taken in 2015 showing items from the former International Museum of World War II in Natick, Massachusetts, a few miles west of Boston. The museum existed from 1999 to 2019 and housed a by-reservation-only exhibition of memorabilia and militaria consisting of over 7,000 artifacts, 100 uniforms, books, photos, etc.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "a75f92341e1efb15", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Third Reich memorabilia and collectables: Nazi propaganda, election posters, NSDAP signs, Hitler portraits, etc. Adolf Hitler ist der Sieg! ('Adolf Hitler is the Victory!'), Nazi propaganda poster 1943 by Rudolf Gerhard-Zill Führer wir folgen dir! Alle sagen Ja! (NS-Propagandaplakat über die Vereinigung der Ämter von Reichskanzler und Reichspräsident 1934) Small decoration pennants with Nazi swastikas (National flag of Nazi Germany) Adolf Hitler Mein Kampf (advertising poster for Hitler's book) Einmaliges Gastspiel Horst Wessel (theatrical poster) Von der Reichszeugmeisterei der N.S.D.A.P. zugelassene Verkaufsstelle für Bekleidung, Ausrüstung und Abzeichen (enamel wall sign for a shop selling uniform and insignia products approved by the The Reichszeugmeisterei (quartermaster's office), the national material control office of Nazi Germany ) Der Bannerträger ('The Standard bearer'), portratit of Hitler as knight by Hubert Lanzinger 1934-36 Unser Gruß ist Heil Hitler ('Our greeting is Heil Hitler!', enamel wall sign with Nazi swastika) Hitler portrait Auch Du by Ottomar Anton, recruting young Hitler Youths to the Waffen-SS, ca. 1943 Melde dich freiwillig zum Wehrdienst in der Panzer-Grenadierdivision Feldherrnhalle (Aufruf durch die SA), painting by Axster-Heudtlass, showing idealised young men, tank, etc. Fall 1943, 59,5 x 83,5 cm etc. Photo taken in 2015 showing items from the former International Museum of World War II in Natick, Massachusetts, a few miles west of Boston. The museum existed from 1999 to 2019 and housed a by-reservation-only exhibition of memorabilia and militaria consisting of over 7,000 artifacts, 100 uniforms, books, photos, etc.", "Kay Bailey Hutchison, member of the United States Senate.", "Two billboards referencing the Wellington City Council's proposed development of Shelley Bay as an election issue. Councillors referenced are Nicola Young (Lambton Ward) and Chris Calvi-Freeman, Sarah Free and Simon Marsh (Eastern Ward).", "2018 General Elections in Turkey: Ballot counting at a voting station (school) in Çankaya, Ankara: Please notice the little girl (who is not looking at the objective) following the results beside her father, making a \"democracy internship\"."], "qid": "T2_politics_1ac5a5345f31", "question": {"media": "a75f92341e1efb15.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"a75f92341e1efb15.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "a75f92341e1efb15"}
+{"answer": "Three election posters from the political party \"Volt\" that have been hung up in the City in Bonn before the elections of the German Bundestag in 2021.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "cc99295ea0552350", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["A polling booth in the w:New Forest for the UK vote change referendum and local government election.", "Official portrait of Congressman Peter T. King.", "Official Portrait of Representative Stephanie Bice", "Three election posters from the political party \"Volt\" that have been hung up in the City in Bonn before the elections of the German Bundestag in 2021."], "qid": "T2_politics_d6ac45f7421b", "question": {"media": "cc99295ea0552350.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"cc99295ea0552350.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "cc99295ea0552350"}
+{"answer": "Tiobox transparent plastic ballot box used for elections and voting.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "c24d921ea3f47aef", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["A simple Portable Network Graphics (.png) rendering of an \"Ike\" button, popularized during the 1952 United States presidential election, supportive of the candidacy of Army General Dwight D. Eisenhower for President of the United States as a Republican. This image, which I (Tyrol5) created myself using simple image editing software, is based loosely on the likes of this.", "2000 Washington Senate election results by county.", "Tiobox transparent plastic ballot box used for elections and voting.", "Rep. Mike Bost (R-IL) official photo, 117th Congress"], "qid": "T2_politics_3a098bd04c28", "question": {"media": "c24d921ea3f47aef.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"c24d921ea3f47aef.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "c24d921ea3f47aef"}
+{"answer": "Title: Senate Chamber Abstract/medium: 1 negative : glass ; 5 x 7 in. or smaller", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "e8741c738880e801", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Title: Vice President Garner brings down gavel to convene Senate in new session. Washington, D.C., Jan. 3. Vice President John N. Garner as he called the Senate to order today for the third session of the 76th Congress Abstract/medium: 1 negative : glass ; 4 x 5 in. or smaller", "Collection: Broadsides Call number: Broadside file/Civil rights/Folder 2/1963/5 System ID: 127963. Catalog link: 127963 Freedom Candidates: Aaron Henry for Governor, Rev. Ed King for Lieutenant Governor Please see our profile page for information on ordering. Scanned as TIFF file in 2015/04/16 by MDAH.", "Title: California Senator-elect gets 'feel' of desk in Senate chamber. Washington, D.C., Dec. 12. Senator-elect Sheridan Downey of California gets the 'feel' of the desk in the Senate chamber assigned to him today and which he will occupy when congress convenes on January 3. Downey succeeds William Gibbs McAdoo, whom he defeated in the November election, 12/12/38 Abstract/medium: 1 negative : glass ; 4 x 5 in. or smaller", "Title: Senate Chamber Abstract/medium: 1 negative : glass ; 5 x 7 in. or smaller"], "qid": "T2_politics_6bd3a4674783", "question": {"media": "e8741c738880e801.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"e8741c738880e801.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "e8741c738880e801"}
+{"answer": "Tracey Mann (R-KS), official portrait, 117th Congress.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "f147bbb4a234bad6", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["James Clyburn, member of the United States House of Representatives and Majority Whip.", "Official portrait of Congresswoman Tulsi Gabbard (D-HI)", "Tracey Mann (R-KS), official portrait, 117th Congress.", "Official portrait of U.S. Senator Mazie Hirono (D-HI)."], "qid": "T2_politics_20796aeb1058", "question": {"media": "f147bbb4a234bad6.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"f147bbb4a234bad6.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "f147bbb4a234bad6"}
+{"answer": "\"We cannot perform magic - but we can do our job. Do your part. Vote CDU.\" This campaign poster was created for Germany's first postwar election in 1949.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "9d3b0160a490cc54", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Dr. Reiner Haseloff Unser neuer Ministerpräsident Am 20. März beide Stimmen CDU Abbildung: Foto - Autogramm Kommentar: Wahlplakat 3. Welle Internetdownload Plakatart: Kandidaten-/Personenplakat mit Porträt Auftraggeber: V.i.S.d.P.: CDU Sachsen-Anhalt, Bernd Reisener, Magdeburg Objekt-Signatur: 10-036 : 1402 Bestand: Landtagswahlplakate Sachsen-Anhalt (10-036) GliederungBestand10-18: Landtagswahlplakate Sachsen-Anhalt (10-036) » CDU", "\"We cannot perform magic - but we can do our job. Do your part. Vote CDU.\" This campaign poster was created for Germany's first postwar election in 1949.", "Uwe Greve \"Wer etwas bewegen will, muß selbst anpacken.\" Sicher in die Zukunft CDU Abbildung: Foto - hält einen Backstein in seiner Hand Plakatart: Kandidaten-/Personenplakat mit Porträt Objekt-Signatur: 10-001 : 4073 Bestand: Plakate zu Bundestagswahlen (10-001) GliederungBestand10-18: Plakate zu Bundestagswahlen (10-001) » Die 13. Bundestagswahl am 16. Oktober 1994 » CDU » Mit Porträtfoto", "... Kundgebung ... mit Ministerpräsident a.D. Karl Arnold CDU CDU. Einheit . Freiheit . Frieden . CDU . Einheit ... Plakatart: Ankündigungsplakat Auftraggeber: CDU-Bundesgeschäftsstelle, Bonn Drucker_Druckart_Druckort: KVD, Köln Objekt-Signatur: 10-009 : 365 Bestand: Landtagswahlplakate Nordrhein-Westfalen (10-009) GliederungBestand10-18: Landtagswahlplakate Nordrhein-Westfalen (10-009) » Landtagswahl am 6.7.1958 » Ankündigungsplakate"], "qid": "T2_politics_fe94e87a0c13", "question": {"media": "9d3b0160a490cc54.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"9d3b0160a490cc54.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "9d3b0160a490cc54"}
+{"answer": "placard for \"yes\" in Moroccan referendum on constitution change of 1st of July 2011 (decided as a reaction to protests of Arab spring), still present on July 3 (it should have been removed on 30 of June). The \"yes\" is associated with picture of King Mohammed VI who announced he would vote for the new constitution. The add is supported by inhabitants of old portuguese district of El Jadida", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "3f095f7162ea7bfa", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Sherrod Brown as Representative from Ohio.", "placard for \"yes\" in Moroccan referendum on constitution change of 1st of July 2011 (decided as a reaction to protests of Arab spring), still present on July 3 (it should have been removed on 30 of June). The \"yes\" is associated with picture of King Mohammed VI who announced he would vote for the new constitution. The add is supported by inhabitants of old portuguese district of El Jadida", "Parliamentary election posters in Tampere, Finland.", "\"Braden o Perón\" (Spruille Braden or Juan Domingo Peron) was a political campaign in 1946, when Peron was elected president of Argentina"], "qid": "T2_politics_1d3b7bf1769e", "question": {"media": "3f095f7162ea7bfa.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"3f095f7162ea7bfa.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "3f095f7162ea7bfa"}
diff --git a/release/gold/T2/psychology.jsonl b/release/gold/T2/psychology.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..12ba509fef2fbf18e81220864c586c5ee21d5d77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/gold/T2/psychology.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{"answer": "A boy and a girl facing two fighting dogs. Engraving by C. de Passe, 159-.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "b43e2ec2ac4e35a1", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Head of a famous author. Drawing, c. 1792.", "Johann Caspar Spurzheim giving a phrenological demonstration before Franz Joseph Gall and another seven people; a grinning devil looks on. Watercolour painting.", "A boy and a girl facing two fighting dogs. Engraving by C. de Passe, 159-.", "Lucas Vorsterman, the engraver: portrait. Drawing, c. 1791, after A. van Dyck."], "qid": "T2_psychology_60494c35b54b", "question": {"media": "b43e2ec2ac4e35a1.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"b43e2ec2ac4e35a1.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "b43e2ec2ac4e35a1"}
+{"answer": "A face void of all discernible connection with temperament or expression. Drawing, c. 1792. — Appears in the book in a chapter on the four temperaments Lavater comments that \"there are physiognomies one is tempted to denominate petrified [last word in italics]. Detached from society, they are susceptible of nothing, and with difficulty communicate themselves to others. Firm and unshaken, persons of this sort are neither good nor bad, neither sensible nor stupid; they may be said to have no temperament. They are more common in art than in life. You find them especially in copies and imitations, made after the antique. ... Everything here is evidently fictitious, half nature, half art; I know not what to make of it\"", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "1f74f6eae4690984", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["A face void of all discernible connection with temperament or expression. Drawing, c. 1792. — Appears in the book in a chapter on the four temperaments Lavater comments that \"there are physiognomies one is tempted to denominate petrified [last word in italics]. Detached from society, they are susceptible of nothing, and with difficulty communicate themselves to others. Firm and unshaken, persons of this sort are neither good nor bad, neither sensible nor stupid; they may be said to have no temperament. They are more common in art than in life. You find them especially in copies and imitations, made after the antique. ... Everything here is evidently fictitious, half nature, half art; I know not what to make of it\"", "Four designs of upper parts of faces, expressing different characters. Drawing, c. 1793. — Lavater analyses each face, from left to right: 1. is \"above the common, replete with candor and dignity\". \"The character of greatness in 2. approaches the sublime\". \"3 is inferior to 1, but not absolutely destitute of merit.\". \"4 unites great talents to much firmness and vivacity\"", "Johann Caspar Spurzheim giving a phrenological demonstration before Franz Joseph Gall and another seven people; a grinning devil looks on. Watercolour painting.", "A female face expressing admiration. Crayon manner print by W. Hebert, c. 1770, after C. Le Brun."], "qid": "T2_psychology_252006c0967a", "question": {"media": "1f74f6eae4690984.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"1f74f6eae4690984.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "1f74f6eae4690984"}
+{"answer": "A female figure expressing admiration touched with astonishment. Crayon manner print by W. Hebert, c. 1770, after C. Le Brun.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "04fbf3d1d5b84619", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Members of the British Association playing at phrenology on board a ship on its way to South Africa. Photograph by J.T. Bottomley, 1905. — A man is applying calipers to the head of the president of the British Association, Sir George Darwin, pretending to use him as a subject of phrenology (or physical anthropology?)", "Inflated Ideas, artwork of the brain — 3-dimensional model of a balloon handpainted to represent a brain.", "A female figure expressing admiration touched with astonishment. Crayon manner print by W. Hebert, c. 1770, after C. Le Brun.", "A woman, the physiognomy of whom expresses attention excited by desire. Drawing, c. 1794."], "qid": "T2_psychology_200a5b38eaee", "question": {"media": "04fbf3d1d5b84619.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"04fbf3d1d5b84619.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "04fbf3d1d5b84619"}
+{"answer": "A gardener smelling a flower; representing the sense of smell. Etching by T. Kitchin after D. Teniers.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "bb1dc746ed291bff", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Two sections of the brain, divided into different lobes and faculties, according to Hollander's system of phrenology. Pen drawing, c. 1902.", "The dream of a patient in Jungian analysis: a railway tunnel, in which the rails at the far end form the trunk of a tree. Drawing by M.A.C.T., 197-.", "A gardener smelling a flower; representing the sense of smell. Etching by T. Kitchin after D. Teniers.", "An old woman with a crumpled face, wearing elaborate costume; a physiognomic caricature. Engraving by B. Bossi, 1776, after himself."], "qid": "T2_psychology_691ac60553a7", "question": {"media": "bb1dc746ed291bff.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"bb1dc746ed291bff.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "bb1dc746ed291bff"}
+{"answer": "A man and a boy contemplating gravestones in a cemetery. Line engraving by J.M. Delattre after J.H. Ramberg.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "224d609b25f0f3fc", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["A man and a boy contemplating gravestones in a cemetery. Line engraving by J.M. Delattre after J.H. Ramberg.", "Pontius Pilate prepares to kill himself in remorse. Engraving by G. Mochetti after B. Pinelli. — According to Eusebius in his 'Ecclesiastical History' (book 2, chapter 7: the main source for the legend of Pilate's suicide) Pilate killed himself in A.D. 39, on the orders of Caligula", "St. Luke's Hospital, Moorfields (top), Bethlem Hospital (middle), and St. Paul's School (bottom), London: the facade of each. Engraving by J. Peltro. — This is the same image of St. Luke's hospital as number 26049 in this catalogue", "Hands in various gestures, including prayer and benediction. Engraving after C. Le Brun. — A foot emerges from beneath the hands on the left"], "qid": "T2_psychology_fd77feaf7069", "question": {"media": "224d609b25f0f3fc.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"224d609b25f0f3fc.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "224d609b25f0f3fc"}
+{"answer": "A man whose face expresses, according to Lavater, a great capacity for discernment. Drawing, c. 1794. — The contents page to the book lists the engraving of this drawing as \"Portrait of an accurate discerner\". In the text Lavater confesses that he has \"forgotten who this portrait represents\"", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "db4c6b7aee924313", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["A bird's beak cuts a woman's hand; representing the sense of touch and the fact that it persists longer (in pain) than the other senses. Engraving, 16--. — A snail crawls up the wall on the right. On the left a large cobweb hangs in the window", "A man whose face expresses, according to Lavater, a great capacity for discernment. Drawing, c. 1794. — The contents page to the book lists the engraving of this drawing as \"Portrait of an accurate discerner\". In the text Lavater confesses that he has \"forgotten who this portrait represents\"", "An old woman with a plate of vegetables; representing the sense of taste. Mezzotint by A.H.J. Degmair after P.A. Wille.", "An old woman wearing spectacles; representing the sense of sight. Mezzotint by A.H.J. Degmair after P.A. Wille."], "qid": "T2_psychology_6ba9ad14c17f", "question": {"media": "db4c6b7aee924313.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"db4c6b7aee924313.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "db4c6b7aee924313"}
+{"answer": "A man whose physiognomy reveals a \"sage, honorable, sprightly, judicious, profound, pious\" character. Drawing, c. 1794. — Lavater comments that \"the nose, to be bold, is a little too much on the curve\"", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "45d199d2a0bb5756", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Uitenbogart (Johannes Wtenbogaert?): portrait. Drawing, c. 1794, after Ravenstein (?). — Published engraving contained in a chapter on eyes In the text accompanying the published engraving, Lavater writes that it is \"impossible not to love so good a physionomy, even though our religious principles should preserve an aversion to Arminianism\". The face has a phlegmatico-melancholic look and \"suffers with patience\". A footnote comments that Micrefeldt and Ravenstein have both executed portraits of Uitenbogart, and that the Ravenstein is in the collection of Lavater's brother-in-law", "Healthy adult human brain viewed from behind, tractography — Connections in the brain of a healthy 29 year old female human viewed from the back (posterior view). The top of the brain is at the top of the image. Brain cells communicate with each other through these nerve fibres, which have been visualised using diffusion imaging tractography. Diffusion weighted imaging is a specialised type of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan which measures water diffusion in many directions in order to reconstruct the orientation of bundles of axons. Tractography is used to indirectly model these bundles of axons (nerve fibres), which transmit information between cortical regions at the brain's surface. For example, connections travelling between the two sides of the brain (hemispheres) which make up the corpus callosum are visible. The brain measures approximately 18 cm from front to back.", "Lunatic asylum (once a convent), Granada: gateway. Photograph, ca.1900.", "A man whose physiognomy reveals a \"sage, honorable, sprightly, judicious, profound, pious\" character. Drawing, c. 1794. — Lavater comments that \"the nose, to be bold, is a little too much on the curve\""], "qid": "T2_psychology_47aa9dff8479", "question": {"media": "45d199d2a0bb5756.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"45d199d2a0bb5756.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "45d199d2a0bb5756"}
+{"answer": "A phrenologist examining a man's characterful head. Lithograph. — On the wall is a portrait of Gall, in the room phrenological heads and a book of \"phrenological studies\"", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "4a87185910817ef4", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["An itinerant surgeon extracting stones from a woman's head; symbolising the removal of her 'folly' (insanity). Line engraving after N. Weydtmans after himself. — The images of a surgeon (often itinerant) making an incision in a patient's head in order to extract 'stones' (implying madness in the individual) do not represent an actual operation, but are allegorical scenes refering to the subduction of 'folly' (madness) from the body. See further: W. Schupbach, A new look at The cure of folly, Medical history, 1978, vol. 22, pp. 267-281", "Jean Calas says farewell to his wife before he is executed. Drawing, c. 1789, after D.N. Chodowiecki. — The son of Jean Calas killed himself; Calas, a Protestant, attempted to cover up the suicide only to find himself accused of murdering his son because he wanted to convert to Catholicism. Calas was executed and 'l'affaire Calas' became taken up by Voltaire as an example of religious intolerance", "The dream of a patient in Jungian analysis: a person on a bridge, surrounded by swirling waters in which is a big golden fish. Drawing by M.A.C.T., 1973.", "A phrenologist examining a man's characterful head. Lithograph. — On the wall is a portrait of Gall, in the room phrenological heads and a book of \"phrenological studies\""], "qid": "T2_psychology_bce2e3fb4f26", "question": {"media": "4a87185910817ef4.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"4a87185910817ef4.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "4a87185910817ef4"}
+{"answer": "A profile evaluated by Lavater as harsh and displeasing, yet with traces of wit in the eyes. Drawing, c. 1789.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "aace25a137cae6c8", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Twelve human profiles in outline, sectioned to show their disproportion. Drawing, c. 1794, after A. Dürer. — Lavater entitles this image 'Caricaturas, after the Anthropometry of A. Dürer'. He uses it to illustrate his principle that the \"disproportion in the parts of the face has an influence on the physiological constitution of man. ... Will the most determined Anti-physionomist ... presume to say, that these physionomies are noble, distinguished, and intelligent. No such, and the reason of it is obvious. They all deviate from the usual proportions, and such a deviation necessarily produces disgusting forms and features\"", "A profile evaluated by Lavater as harsh and displeasing, yet with traces of wit in the eyes. Drawing, c. 1789.", "Franz Joseph Gall and Johann Caspar Spurzheim examining a patient. Watercolour painting.", "A dead man is carried on a bier with a distressed woman walking alongside. Etching by Michel Corneille after Annibale Carracci."], "qid": "T2_psychology_ca03122d3e97", "question": {"media": "aace25a137cae6c8.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"aace25a137cae6c8.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "aace25a137cae6c8"}
+{"answer": "A sick girl in bed being counselled by a nun while another woman looks anxious. Mezzotint by S.W. Reynolds, 1829, after R.P. Bonington.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "b95b1918c08f2efc", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["A sick girl in bed being counselled by a nun while another woman looks anxious. Mezzotint by S.W. Reynolds, 1829, after R.P. Bonington.", "A bird's beak cuts a woman's hand; representing the sense of touch and the fact that it persists longer (in pain) than the other senses. Engraving, 16--. — A snail crawls up the wall on the right. On the left a large cobweb hangs in the window", "A musician. Drawing, c. 1789. — Lavater comments that it is \"the imperfect image of a great musician\"", "Claybury Asylum, Woodford, Essex: a dormitory. Photograph by the London & County Photographic Co., [1893?]. — Contained in an album of photographs showing: 1. the Chapel; 2. the Recreation Hall; 3. a linen room; 4. a kitchen; 5. a dormitory; 6. a nurses' day-room (?); 7. another nurses' day-room (?); 8. dining room; 9. a social room; 10. group portrait of nurses; 11. group portrait of six members of staff; 12. ironing room Claybury Asylum was commissioned by the Middlesex Court of Magistrates in 1887, as the fourth Middlesex County Asylum. The architect was George Thomas Hine (1841-1916), a specialist in designing asylums for the insane. In 1889 the uncompleted building passed to the newly created London County Council which opened it in 1893. From 1893 to 1918 it was called Claybury Asylum, from 1918 to 1937 Claybury Mental Hospital, and from 1937 to its closure in 1995 Claybury Hospital"], "qid": "T2_psychology_58383f55d4a8", "question": {"media": "b95b1918c08f2efc.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"b95b1918c08f2efc.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "b95b1918c08f2efc"}
+{"answer": "A woman has just died: one man breaks the news to another. Wood engraving.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "e0f96d80dbaffc48", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The Hospital of Bethlem [Bedlam], St. George's Fields, Lambeth: a female dormitory. Wood engraving by F. Vizetelly after F. Palmer, 1860.", "A depressive man standing by a country pond in the pouring rain - not helping his state of mind. Wood engraving, 1869. — Bears caption: \"It's very well to go down for six weeks into the country by yourself, to give up tobacco and stimulants, and to live the whole day, so to speak, in open air; but all this will do you no good ... cultivate a cheerful frame of mind, and take a lively view of things.\"", "A woman has just died: one man breaks the news to another. Wood engraving.", "Franz Joseph Gall examines the head of Louis-Philippe and finds bumps which indicate various virtuous qualities. Wood engraving, 1832. — From the characteristics of generosity etc. signified by Louis-Philippe's 'bumps', Gall infers the truth of his system"], "qid": "T2_psychology_4bd73d8c6715", "question": {"media": "e0f96d80dbaffc48.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"e0f96d80dbaffc48.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "e0f96d80dbaffc48"}
+{"answer": "A young woman wearing a veil and black clothing mourning at a tombstone, with her dog attending on her. Mezzotint by H. Quilley after a painting by C. Hancock, 1836.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "33bee10b2b762576", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["A young woman wearing a veil and black clothing mourning at a tombstone, with her dog attending on her. Mezzotint by H. Quilley after a painting by C. Hancock, 1836.", "Four designs of upper parts of faces, expressing different characters. Drawing, c. 1793. — Lavater analyses each face, from left to right: 1. is \"above the common, replete with candor and dignity\". \"The character of greatness in 2. approaches the sublime\". \"3 is inferior to 1, but not absolutely destitute of merit.\". \"4 unites great talents to much firmness and vivacity\"", "A phrenologist examining a man's characterful head. Lithograph. — On the wall is a portrait of Gall, in the room phrenological heads and a book of \"phrenological studies\"", "Head of the Apollo Belvedere statue in the Vatican. Drawing, c. 1791."], "qid": "T2_psychology_6a2c876f1f4b", "question": {"media": "33bee10b2b762576.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"33bee10b2b762576.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "33bee10b2b762576"}
+{"answer": "An itinerant medicine vendor, draped with live snakes, sells his wares from a stage to an enthusiastic audience. Line engraving by D. Ghisi after G. Romano.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "53a0b97ae489f05d", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["A dying woman lies in bed: a woman at the bedside is consoled by another. Line engraving by F. Lightfoot after T. Allom.", "Diagrams illustrating: five bandaged legs (three with different sorts of splints), two heads showing veins, a bandaged head, a bandaged torso, a recepticle with body for curing shoulder dislocations and an eye operation. Line engraving by W.H. Lizars, 1830.", "Pontius Pilate prepares to kill himself in remorse. Engraving by G. Mochetti after B. Pinelli. — According to Eusebius in his 'Ecclesiastical History' (book 2, chapter 7: the main source for the legend of Pilate's suicide) Pilate killed himself in A.D. 39, on the orders of Caligula", "An itinerant medicine vendor, draped with live snakes, sells his wares from a stage to an enthusiastic audience. Line engraving by D. Ghisi after G. Romano."], "qid": "T2_psychology_2e551e6ea8a8", "question": {"media": "53a0b97ae489f05d.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"53a0b97ae489f05d.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "53a0b97ae489f05d"}
+{"answer": "An itinerant surgeon extracting stones from a man's head; symbolising the expulsion of 'folly' (insanity), in the background is a manic woman who is waiting for the operation. Photogravure, 1926, after T. de Brij after M. de Vos. — The surgeon wears a hat which bears two crossed keys, which is apparently the seal of the city of Leiden The images of a surgeon (often itinerant) making an incision in a patient's head in order to extract 'stones' (implying madness in the individual) do not represent an actual operation, but are allegorical scenes refering to the subduction of 'folly' (madness) from the body. See further: W. Schupbach, A new look at The cure of folly, Medical history, 1978, vol. 22, pp. 267-281", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "b8ae0dbf219e192f", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Cumberland and Westmoreland Lunatic Asylum, Garlands, Carlisle, Cumbria: north and south fronts. Wood engraving by E.H., 1858.", "An ideal human head looking at something distant. Drawing, c. 1794, after N. Poussin. — In the text Lavater calls this \"a fashionable ideal form\". The attitude is that of \"suspending judgement over a distinct object he attends to\"", "An itinerant surgeon extracting stones from a man's head; symbolising the expulsion of 'folly' (insanity), in the background is a manic woman who is waiting for the operation. Photogravure, 1926, after T. de Brij after M. de Vos. — The surgeon wears a hat which bears two crossed keys, which is apparently the seal of the city of Leiden The images of a surgeon (often itinerant) making an incision in a patient's head in order to extract 'stones' (implying madness in the individual) do not represent an actual operation, but are allegorical scenes refering to the subduction of 'folly' (madness) from the body. See further: W. Schupbach, A new look at The cure of folly, Medical history, 1978, vol. 22, pp. 267-281", "A woman, the physiognomy of whom expresses attention excited by desire. Drawing, c. 1794."], "qid": "T2_psychology_c08976d57041", "question": {"media": "b8ae0dbf219e192f.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"b8ae0dbf219e192f.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "b8ae0dbf219e192f"}
+{"answer": "An itinerant surgeon extracting stones from a woman's head; symbolising the removal of her 'folly' (insanity). Line engraving after N. Weydtmans after himself. — The images of a surgeon (often itinerant) making an incision in a patient's head in order to extract 'stones' (implying madness in the individual) do not represent an actual operation, but are allegorical scenes refering to the subduction of 'folly' (madness) from the body. See further: W. Schupbach, A new look at The cure of folly, Medical history, 1978, vol. 22, pp. 267-281", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "ec1e411fdcffe768", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["A man whose physiognomy expresses thoughtfulness. Drawing, c. 1791. — Lavater writes that \"he feels according to reason\", is reflective rather than romantic; however \"there is a vacancy in the mouth absolutely incompatible\" with the eye, the nose, and the front and back parts of the head", "Claybury Asylum, Woodford, Essex: the Chapel. Photograph by the London & County Photographic Co., [1893?]. — Contained in an album of photographs showing: 1. the Chapel; 2. the Recreation Hall; 3. a linen room; 4. a kitchen; 5. a dormitory; 6. a nurses' day-room (?); 7. another nurses' day-room (?); 8. dining room; 9. a social room; 10. group portrait of nurses; 11. group portrait of six members of staff; 12. ironing room Claybury Asylum was commissioned by the Middlesex Court of Magistrates in 1887, as the fourth Middlesex County Asylum. The architect was George Thomas Hine (1841-1916), a specialist in designing asylums for the insane. In 1889 the uncompleted building passed to the newly created London County Council which opened it in 1893. From 1893 to 1918 it was called Claybury Asylum, from 1918 to 1937 Claybury Mental Hospital, and from 1937 to its closure in 1995 Claybury Hospital", "An itinerant surgeon extracting stones from a woman's head; symbolising the removal of her 'folly' (insanity). Line engraving after N. Weydtmans after himself. — The images of a surgeon (often itinerant) making an incision in a patient's head in order to extract 'stones' (implying madness in the individual) do not represent an actual operation, but are allegorical scenes refering to the subduction of 'folly' (madness) from the body. See further: W. Schupbach, A new look at The cure of folly, Medical history, 1978, vol. 22, pp. 267-281", "Diagram of the brain for a phrenological textbook. Pen drawing, c. 1902."], "qid": "T2_psychology_c548f8ab6610", "question": {"media": "ec1e411fdcffe768.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"ec1e411fdcffe768.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "ec1e411fdcffe768"}
+{"answer": "Claybury Asylum, Woodford, Essex: a dormitory. Photograph by the London & County Photographic Co., [1893?]. — Contained in an album of photographs showing: 1. the Chapel; 2. the Recreation Hall; 3. a linen room; 4. a kitchen; 5. a dormitory; 6. a nurses' day-room (?); 7. another nurses' day-room (?); 8. dining room; 9. a social room; 10. group portrait of nurses; 11. group portrait of six members of staff; 12. ironing room Claybury Asylum was commissioned by the Middlesex Court of Magistrates in 1887, as the fourth Middlesex County Asylum. The architect was George Thomas Hine (1841-1916), a specialist in designing asylums for the insane. In 1889 the uncompleted building passed to the newly created London County Council which opened it in 1893. From 1893 to 1918 it was called Claybury Asylum, from 1918 to 1937 Claybury Mental Hospital, and from 1937 to its closure in 1995 Claybury Hospital", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "29cdc35940e255d2", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Deflated Idea, artwork of the brain — 3-dimensional handmade model of a deflated balloon handpainted to represent a brain.", "The funeral of Mrs Susannah Wesley at Bunhill Fields, the Methodist cemetery: a key to the identities of the mourners. Etching.", "Twelve human profiles in outline, sectioned to show their disproportion. Drawing, c. 1794, after A. Dürer. — Lavater entitles this image 'Caricaturas, after the Anthropometry of A. Dürer'. He uses it to illustrate his principle that the \"disproportion in the parts of the face has an influence on the physiological constitution of man. ... Will the most determined Anti-physionomist ... presume to say, that these physionomies are noble, distinguished, and intelligent. No such, and the reason of it is obvious. They all deviate from the usual proportions, and such a deviation necessarily produces disgusting forms and features\"", "Claybury Asylum, Woodford, Essex: a dormitory. Photograph by the London & County Photographic Co., [1893?]. — Contained in an album of photographs showing: 1. the Chapel; 2. the Recreation Hall; 3. a linen room; 4. a kitchen; 5. a dormitory; 6. a nurses' day-room (?); 7. another nurses' day-room (?); 8. dining room; 9. a social room; 10. group portrait of nurses; 11. group portrait of six members of staff; 12. ironing room Claybury Asylum was commissioned by the Middlesex Court of Magistrates in 1887, as the fourth Middlesex County Asylum. The architect was George Thomas Hine (1841-1916), a specialist in designing asylums for the insane. In 1889 the uncompleted building passed to the newly created London County Council which opened it in 1893. From 1893 to 1918 it was called Claybury Asylum, from 1918 to 1937 Claybury Mental Hospital, and from 1937 to its closure in 1995 Claybury Hospital"], "qid": "T2_psychology_e874622d23e4", "question": {"media": "29cdc35940e255d2.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"29cdc35940e255d2.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "29cdc35940e255d2"}
+{"answer": "David playing his harp for a distraught Saul. Steel engraving by J. Rogers after A. Gros.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "dd19b74f423b6aea", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Three heads showing phrenological traits associated with insanity: a mentally defective person, a mad woman, and the murderer P.F. Lacenaire. Lithograph by C. Picard, 1842, after J.P. Thenot.", "Deflated Idea, artwork of the brain — 3-dimensional handmade model of a deflated balloon handpainted to represent a brain.", "David playing his harp for a distraught Saul. Steel engraving by J. Rogers after A. Gros.", "A dead man is carried on a bier with a distressed woman walking alongside. Etching by Michel Corneille after Annibale Carracci."], "qid": "T2_psychology_be3b89d2ad60", "question": {"media": "dd19b74f423b6aea.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"dd19b74f423b6aea.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "dd19b74f423b6aea"}
+{"answer": "Designs of ears and eyes. Engraving after C. Le Brun.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "fbb2eb7ff3b894c7", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The Hospital of Bethlem [Bedlam] at Moorfields, London: seen from the north, children playing with a boat on a pond in the foreground. Engraving by R. Watkins, August 1811, after G. Arnald, June 1811. — This is the second building of Bethlem Hospital [Bedlam], built in 1675-1676 in Moorfields, London. In 1814-1815 the hospital removed to St. George's Fields, Southwark, and the Moorfields building was subsequently demolished", "Designs of ears and eyes. Engraving after C. Le Brun.", "Mesentery: Four figures of the lacteals, the aorta & mesenterica inferior, the urinary bladder and a demonstration of vision. Line engraving by Campbell, 1816/1821.", "Three forearms and one hand. Engraving after C. Le Brun."], "qid": "T2_psychology_39d2614c5b3c", "question": {"media": "fbb2eb7ff3b894c7.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"fbb2eb7ff3b894c7.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "fbb2eb7ff3b894c7"}
+{"answer": "Four human faces and one cat's face: sketches. Drawing.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "656cd62344ecddf5", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Four human faces and one cat's face: sketches. Drawing.", "Lunatic asylum (once a convent), Granada: gateway. Photograph, ca.1900.", "Diagram of the brain for a phrenological textbook. Pen drawing, c. 1902.", "A young woman wearing a veil and black clothing mourning at a tombstone, with her dog attending on her. Mezzotint by H. Quilley after a painting by C. Hancock, 1836."], "qid": "T2_psychology_192f3a81f5a7", "question": {"media": "656cd62344ecddf5.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"656cd62344ecddf5.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "656cd62344ecddf5"}
+{"answer": "Franz Joseph Gall examines the head of Louis-Philippe and finds bumps which indicate various virtuous qualities. Wood engraving, 1832. — From the characteristics of generosity etc. signified by Louis-Philippe's 'bumps', Gall infers the truth of his system", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "7e2bf7fe0adb85cb", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The Hospital of Bethlem [Bedlam] at Moorfields, London: seen from the north, with sheep grazing and people walking in the foreground. Coloured wood engraving by W. H. Prior after an earlier engraving. — This is the second building of Bethlem Hospital [Bedlam], built in 1675-1676 in Moorfields, London. In 1814-1815 the hospital removed to St. George's Fields, Southwark, and the Moorfields building was subsequently demolished This print is closely related to the print number 25637i in this catalogue", "Franz Joseph Gall examines the head of Louis-Philippe and finds bumps which indicate various virtuous qualities. Wood engraving, 1832. — From the characteristics of generosity etc. signified by Louis-Philippe's 'bumps', Gall infers the truth of his system", "The funeral of a Chinese merchant's wife in Hong Kong. Wood engraving after G.W. Cooke (?), 1859. — A woman weeps, people kowtow before an altar, several men smoke tobacco and opium. Paintings of Chinese deities are hanging on the walls", "A male figure and three phrenological heads. Wood engraving."], "qid": "T2_psychology_644b982f4ba7", "question": {"media": "7e2bf7fe0adb85cb.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"7e2bf7fe0adb85cb.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "7e2bf7fe0adb85cb"}
+{"answer": "Head of a boy in profile, used to illustrate phrenological classifications of mental pathology.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "240a46410e9c33b2", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["A head divided into 35 cells representing human faculties. Woodcut, 1888, after M. Mihara. — The woodcut represents the brain in 35 cells, each labelled extensively with woodcut text in Japanese and describing the human faculties in four groups: deliberation, comprehension, opinion, and taste. They probably derive from phrenological systems of Franz Joseph Gall (1758-1828) and Johann Kaspar Spurzheim (1776-1832), and from the charts published by their followers", "Head of a boy in profile, used to illustrate phrenological classifications of mental pathology.", "Deflated, artwork of the brain — 3-dimensional handmade model of a deflated balloon handpainted to represent a brain.", "A madman designated as the poet Nathaniel Lee in Bethlem Hospital. Mezzotint by J. Watts, 1778."], "qid": "T2_psychology_f0070cb123fe", "question": {"media": "240a46410e9c33b2.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"240a46410e9c33b2.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "240a46410e9c33b2"}
+{"answer": "Head of a famous author. Drawing, c. 1792.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "375ce5e071441bf8", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The apostle John attempts to comfort a sorrowful Virgin Mary. Drawing after P.P. Rubens.", "Head of a famous author. Drawing, c. 1792.", "Institute of Medical Psychology, London: the laboratory and a consulting room. Process print, 192-.", "King George III of the United Kingdom. Etching by W. Lowry, 1817, after M.C. Wyatt."], "qid": "T2_psychology_0269b722bad4", "question": {"media": "375ce5e071441bf8.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"375ce5e071441bf8.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "375ce5e071441bf8"}
+{"answer": "Head of a man with hair raised, expressing despair. Engraving by M. Engelbrecht (?), 1732, after C. Le Brun. — Le Brun's depiction of the passions is supported by his theory of the passions, which is delineated in the 'Conférence'. In Cartesian style, each compound passion is an organisation of the six simple passions of admiration, love, hatred, desire, joy and sadness. For instance, jealousy is a composite of love and hate; despair \"is a strong persuasion of not being able to obtain what we desire\"", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "7ec6474536296893", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The face of a man experiencing fear. Engraving by M. Engelbrecht (?), 1732, after C. Le Brun. — Le Brun's depiction of the passions is supported by his theory of the passions, which is delineated in the 'Conférence'. In Cartesian style, each compound passion is an organisation of the six simple passions of admiration, love, hatred, desire, joy and sadness. For instance, jealousy is a composite of love and hate; despair \"is a strong persuasion of not being able to obtain what we desire\"", "Head of a man with hair raised, expressing despair. Engraving by M. Engelbrecht (?), 1732, after C. Le Brun. — Le Brun's depiction of the passions is supported by his theory of the passions, which is delineated in the 'Conférence'. In Cartesian style, each compound passion is an organisation of the six simple passions of admiration, love, hatred, desire, joy and sadness. For instance, jealousy is a composite of love and hate; despair \"is a strong persuasion of not being able to obtain what we desire\"", "A man's face inclined forward, expressing compassion. Engraving by M. Engelbrecht (?), 1732, after C. Le Brun. — Le Brun's depiction of the passions is supported by his theory of the passions, which is delineated in the 'Conférence'. In Cartesian style, each compound passion is an organisation of the six simple passions of admiration, love, hatred, desire, joy and sadness. For instance, jealousy is a composite of love and hate; despair \"is a strong persuasion of not being able to obtain what we desire\"", "A woman's face expressing sadness. Engraving by M. Engelbrecht (?), 1732, after C. Le Brun. — Le Brun's depiction of the passions is supported by his theory of the passions, which is delineated in the 'Conférence'. In Cartesian style, each compound passion is an organisation of the six simple passions of admiration, love, hatred, desire, joy and sadness. For instance, jealousy is a composite of love and hate; despair \"is a strong persuasion of not being able to obtain what we desire\""], "qid": "T2_psychology_92bab5d23745", "question": {"media": "7ec6474536296893.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"7ec6474536296893.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "7ec6474536296893"}
+{"answer": "Head of an apostle. Drawing, c. 1791, after Raphael.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "fcc0658ee73aeaa7", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Profile of a man deemed by Lavater to be good and gentle. Drawing, c. 1793.", "A man whose physiognomy reveals a \"sage, honorable, sprightly, judicious, profound, pious\" character. Drawing, c. 1794. — Lavater comments that \"the nose, to be bold, is a little too much on the curve\"", "Head of an apostle. Drawing, c. 1791, after Raphael.", "Esther swoons before Ahasuerus. Engraving by J. Audran after A. Coypel. — Bible. Apocrypha. The rest of Esther 15.7. It is Ahasuerus's anger that makes Esther faint of fear, but God changes \"the spirit of the king to mildness\" (Apocrypha. Esther 15.8) The marriage of the Jewish Esther to the Persian Ahasuerus prompted plans for an anti-semitic purge by the king's vizier, Haman"], "qid": "T2_psychology_62b27f96408a", "question": {"media": "fcc0658ee73aeaa7.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"fcc0658ee73aeaa7.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "fcc0658ee73aeaa7"}
+{"answer": "Head showing the 'convolutions' (lobes) of the brain. Pen drawing after R. W. Reid. — Divided into frontal, temporal, and occipital lobes (inferior, middle and superior), and inferior and superior parietal lobes. A line runs diagonally from the centre to left, marked \"ascending frontal convol.\" on right side, \"ascending parietal con.\" on left. To the left of this are the \"supra marginal conv.\" and the \"angular convol.\"", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "879a3c758dea3fb3", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The dream of a patient in Jungian analysis: a railway tunnel, in which the rails at the far end form the trunk of a tree. Drawing by M.A.C.T., 197-.", "A horse-drawn hearse pulls away from a doctor's; representing the dire state of the medical establishment according to James Morison, pill-vendor and self-styled 'Hygeian'. Lithograph, c. 1848.", "Head showing the 'convolutions' (lobes) of the brain. Pen drawing after R. W. Reid. — Divided into frontal, temporal, and occipital lobes (inferior, middle and superior), and inferior and superior parietal lobes. A line runs diagonally from the centre to left, marked \"ascending frontal convol.\" on right side, \"ascending parietal con.\" on left. To the left of this are the \"supra marginal conv.\" and the \"angular convol.\"", "A fire in the Livingston County Poorhouse, Geneseo, New York: mentally ill women try to escape. Wood engraving, 1867."], "qid": "T2_psychology_abad18ee9d01", "question": {"media": "879a3c758dea3fb3.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"879a3c758dea3fb3.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "879a3c758dea3fb3"}
+{"answer": "Herr von Mommongnon, a character with a grotesque face. Line engraving attributed to D. Custos.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "cdedc85736678cee", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Herr von Mommongnon, a character with a grotesque face. Line engraving attributed to D. Custos.", "The Hospital of Bethlem [Bedlam] at Moorfields, London: seen from the north, with ladies and gentlemen walking in the foreground, one giving money to a lame man. Engraving by W. H. Toms. — This is the second building of Bethlem Hospital [Bedlam], built in 1675-1676 in Moorfields, London. In 1814-1815 the hospital removed to St. George's Fields, Southwark, and the Moorfields building was subsequently demolished", "A female face expressing admiration. Crayon manner print by W. Hebert, c. 1770, after C. Le Brun.", "A credulous congregation listening to a sermon by a fiery preacher. Engraving by T. Cook, 1798, after W. Hogarth."], "qid": "T2_psychology_9e0fc0fce691", "question": {"media": "cdedc85736678cee.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"cdedc85736678cee.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "cdedc85736678cee"}
+{"answer": "Institute of Medical Psychology, London: the laboratory and a consulting room. Process print, 192-.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "7289c81640ab6876", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["A woman with closed eyes. Drawing, c. 1791, after Raphael.", "Head of an extraordinary man (according to Lavater). Drawing, c. 1793. — In the published text, Lavater remarks upon this character's piercing look which \"retains and appropriates to itself every external object which it seizes, but has no internal productive resources\". The mouth shows good taste, eloquence, and voluptuous features. \"The ascending angle of the lip is not natural, and for that reason, disgusting\"", "George Combe lecturing on phrenology to a mixed audience in his Edinburgh home?; presented as a monkey with a phrenological head. Lithograph. — The room is scattered with model heads, books and pictures, many of which are annotated", "Institute of Medical Psychology, London: the laboratory and a consulting room. Process print, 192-."], "qid": "T2_psychology_5104d7834fdb", "question": {"media": "7289c81640ab6876.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"7289c81640ab6876.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "7289c81640ab6876"}
+{"answer": "Jean-Martin Charcot demonstrating hysteria in a hypnotised patient at the Salpêtrière. Etching by A. Lurat, 1888, after P.A.A. Brouillet, 1887. — Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893) was an expert in neurology and psychiatry. He had a clinic at the Salpêtrière hospital in Paris. At that time the Salpêtrière combined a lunatic asylum with a home for old women, which Charcot described as a \"living museum of pathology\". While he was working there, the epileptic patients were required to be separated from the hysterics, and the task was entrusted to Charcot. He found that the vocabulary used in psychiatry was extremely confused, that there were overlaps between categories, and the categories themselves were used inconsistently. He gave demonstrations of the different pathological states by hypnotising his patients and inducing them to enact the symptoms. His favourite subject for these demonstrations was called Blanche Wittmann. She later became an employee of the hospital. André Brouillet's vast and dramatic oil painting of Charcot lecturing, Blanche Wittmann in a hypnotic trance, and the students and colleagues watching with fascination, was exhibited at the Paris Salon in 1887. The present small etching of the composition was suitable for consultant neurologists such as Sigmund Freud to frame and hang in their consulting rooms as an inspiration--unless they happened to be followers of a rival neurologist, Hippolyte Bernheim, who disputed the validity of Charcot's teachings", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "be0cbaa0ee771028", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Phrenological chart, with list of 35 faculties. Wood engraving with letterpress, written by E.T. Craig, 1836. — The system of phrenology enumerated here follows Spurzheim's 1825 version", "Jean-Martin Charcot demonstrating hysteria in a hypnotised patient at the Salpêtrière. Etching by A. Lurat, 1888, after P.A.A. Brouillet, 1887. — Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893) was an expert in neurology and psychiatry. He had a clinic at the Salpêtrière hospital in Paris. At that time the Salpêtrière combined a lunatic asylum with a home for old women, which Charcot described as a \"living museum of pathology\". While he was working there, the epileptic patients were required to be separated from the hysterics, and the task was entrusted to Charcot. He found that the vocabulary used in psychiatry was extremely confused, that there were overlaps between categories, and the categories themselves were used inconsistently. He gave demonstrations of the different pathological states by hypnotising his patients and inducing them to enact the symptoms. His favourite subject for these demonstrations was called Blanche Wittmann. She later became an employee of the hospital. André Brouillet's vast and dramatic oil painting of Charcot lecturing, Blanche Wittmann in a hypnotic trance, and the students and colleagues watching with fascination, was exhibited at the Paris Salon in 1887. The present small etching of the composition was suitable for consultant neurologists such as Sigmund Freud to frame and hang in their consulting rooms as an inspiration--unless they happened to be followers of a rival neurologist, Hippolyte Bernheim, who disputed the validity of Charcot's teachings", "Head of an extraordinary man (according to Lavater). Drawing, c. 1793. — In the published text, Lavater remarks upon this character's piercing look which \"retains and appropriates to itself every external object which it seizes, but has no internal productive resources\". The mouth shows good taste, eloquence, and voluptuous features. \"The ascending angle of the lip is not natural, and for that reason, disgusting\"", "The apostle John attempts to comfort a sorrowful Virgin Mary. Drawing after P.P. Rubens."], "qid": "T2_psychology_bb42507039dc", "question": {"media": "be0cbaa0ee771028.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"be0cbaa0ee771028.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "be0cbaa0ee771028"}
+{"answer": "Male figure with myxedema, after treatment. Caption: 'Myxoedeme franc. Calvitie strumiprive, avant le traitement'", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "ef6fe46e853ccc00", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Photograph: Male figure after thyroid treatment — Photograph, showing the same figure as L0060962, after thyroid treatment", "Photograph described as showing a 'Man Mummy'. Caption: 'Un \"Homme Momie\"'", "Male figure showing signs of Paget's disease — Three photographs showing a male figure with what looks like Paget's disease. Caption: \"Osteite deformante de Paget\"", "Male figure with myxedema, after treatment. Caption: 'Myxoedeme franc. Calvitie strumiprive, avant le traitement'"], "qid": "T2_psychology_ce77324afd09", "question": {"media": "ef6fe46e853ccc00.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"ef6fe46e853ccc00.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "ef6fe46e853ccc00"}
+{"answer": "Outlines of twelve faces in profile. Drawing, c. 1789. — Drawing for plate facing p. 240, vol. 1, of the first English version of J.C. Lavater's 'Essays on physiognomy' (trans. Henry Hunter, London: John Murray [etc.], 1789-1798)", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "65e06392b6c2630e", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Outlines of twelve faces in profile. Drawing, c. 1789. — Drawing for plate facing p. 240, vol. 1, of the first English version of J.C. Lavater's 'Essays on physiognomy' (trans. Henry Hunter, London: John Murray [etc.], 1789-1798)", "Mamamania: An artistic interpretation of Alzheimer's Disease — A study of the artists grandmother's hands, folded in her lap. The artist's grandmother suffers from Alzheimer's, and this painting was created shortly after 'Mama' moved to a nursing home, after her Alzheimer's disease progressed to a stage where could no longer look after herself. \"She lost a lot of weight, and a broad, strong, matriarch became a feeble, bird-like woman. Yet however small her frame became, her hands remained large and strong and capable.\" 'Mania' expresses the dementia Mama experiences, also reflected in the fragmented shapes and background of the painting; an atmosphere reflecting the nightmares she described earlier on in the process of losing her mind, when she was still able to explain it. Mania, also relates to the Latin roots of the word for hand. The relaxed pose of her hands in the picture alludes to the way the body can settle and remain hardy, even when the mind has become chaotic.", "Four faces: a European, a Mongolian, an Ethiopian, and a profile of Samuel Johnson; three frontal silhouettes; three skulls of the same races seen from above (in the order European, Ethiopian and Mongolian). Coloured engraving by J. Pass, 1824.", "Fourteen physiognomies. Drawing, c. 1789."], "qid": "T2_psychology_847ec7ed2f08", "question": {"media": "65e06392b6c2630e.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"65e06392b6c2630e.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "65e06392b6c2630e"}
+{"answer": "Photograph described as showing a 'Man Mummy'. Caption: 'Un \"Homme Momie\"'", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "8e5f33b0d204a46d", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Photograph described as showing a 'Man Mummy'. Caption: 'Un \"Homme Momie\"'", "Photograph: Male figure after thyroid treatment — Photograph, showing the same figure as L0060962, after thyroid treatment", "Male figure with myxedema, after treatment. Caption: 'Myxoedeme franc. Calvitie strumiprive, avant le traitement'", "Male figure showing signs of Paget's disease — Three photographs showing a male figure with what looks like Paget's disease. Caption: \"Osteite deformante de Paget\""], "qid": "T2_psychology_b269dfc8aad0", "question": {"media": "8e5f33b0d204a46d.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"8e5f33b0d204a46d.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "8e5f33b0d204a46d"}
+{"answer": "Pilgrims receiving the Eucharist in the chapel of Saint Dymphna at Gheel. Coloured lithograph by L. Haghe. — The shrine is a place of pilgrimage for the mentally ill, who seek a cure there", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "6b8cd0f153dc2a98", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The lunatic asylum, Brussels, Belgium. Lithograph by A.M. Jobard.", "The five senses: sight, surrounded by vignettes showing the other senses. Coloured lithograph by Belin.", "A female face expressing desire. Lithograph by P. Simonau, 1822, after C. Le Brun.", "Pilgrims receiving the Eucharist in the chapel of Saint Dymphna at Gheel. Coloured lithograph by L. Haghe. — The shrine is a place of pilgrimage for the mentally ill, who seek a cure there"], "qid": "T2_psychology_58089c65e8cd", "question": {"media": "6b8cd0f153dc2a98.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"6b8cd0f153dc2a98.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "6b8cd0f153dc2a98"}
+{"answer": "Saint Gregory, doubting the stigmata of Saint Francis, sees in a dream Saint Francis filling a chalice with his blood. Engraving by B. Picart, 1732. — Gregory's papal tiara is shown on the table in his bedroom", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "b76522006d5b219a", "gold_index": 2, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["A man and a boy contemplating gravestones in a cemetery. Line engraving by J.M. Delattre after J.H. Ramberg.", "Mesentery: Four figures of the lacteals, the aorta & mesenterica inferior, the urinary bladder and a demonstration of vision. Line engraving by Campbell, 1816/1821.", "Saint Gregory, doubting the stigmata of Saint Francis, sees in a dream Saint Francis filling a chalice with his blood. Engraving by B. Picart, 1732. — Gregory's papal tiara is shown on the table in his bedroom", "The Hospital of Bethlem [Bedlam] at Moorfields, London: seen from the north, children playing with a boat on a pond in the foreground. Engraving by R. Watkins, August 1811, after G. Arnald, June 1811. — This is the second building of Bethlem Hospital [Bedlam], built in 1675-1676 in Moorfields, London. In 1814-1815 the hospital removed to St. George's Fields, Southwark, and the Moorfields building was subsequently demolished"], "qid": "T2_psychology_4a291a90fbd1", "question": {"media": "b76522006d5b219a.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"b76522006d5b219a.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "b76522006d5b219a"}
+{"answer": "St. Luke's Hospital, Moorfields (top), Bethlem Hospital (middle), and St. Paul's School (bottom), London: the facade of each. Engraving by J. Peltro. — This is the same image of St. Luke's hospital as number 26049 in this catalogue", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "2bd705c0d209b7c9", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["St. Luke's Hospital, Moorfields (top), Bethlem Hospital (middle), and St. Paul's School (bottom), London: the facade of each. Engraving by J. Peltro. — This is the same image of St. Luke's hospital as number 26049 in this catalogue", "Three forearms and one hand. Engraving after C. Le Brun.", "Hands in various gestures, including prayer and benediction. Engraving after C. Le Brun. — A foot emerges from beneath the hands on the left", "Designs of ears and eyes. Engraving after C. Le Brun."], "qid": "T2_psychology_900c32632b77", "question": {"media": "2bd705c0d209b7c9.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"2bd705c0d209b7c9.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "2bd705c0d209b7c9"}
+{"answer": "The Hospital of Bethlem [Bedlam] at Moorfields, London: seen from the north, with ladies and gentlemen walking in the foreground. Engraving by T. Bowles. — This is the second building of Bethlem Hospital [Bedlam], built in 1675-1676 in Moorfields, London. In 1814-1815 the hospital removed to St. George's Fields, Southwark, and the Moorfields building was subsequently demolished This print shows the eastern pavilion added, but not the western. The entrance area is depicted with a circular court with curved flanking walls either side of the main gates", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "879b3c82421620c4", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The dream of a patient in Jungian analysis: centre, a tree; right, steps down leading to a railway (left) and a stream (right). Drawing by M.A.C.T., 1975.", "A dream: an owl flies overhead, while large and small figures stand by. Drawing attributed to Thomas Uwins.", "Eight physiognomies. Drawings by D.N. Chodowiecki, ca. 1789, after C. Le Brun.", "The Hospital of Bethlem [Bedlam] at Moorfields, London: seen from the north, with ladies and gentlemen walking in the foreground. Engraving by T. Bowles. — This is the second building of Bethlem Hospital [Bedlam], built in 1675-1676 in Moorfields, London. In 1814-1815 the hospital removed to St. George's Fields, Southwark, and the Moorfields building was subsequently demolished This print shows the eastern pavilion added, but not the western. The entrance area is depicted with a circular court with curved flanking walls either side of the main gates"], "qid": "T2_psychology_9292b8430d0b", "question": {"media": "879b3c82421620c4.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"879b3c82421620c4.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "879b3c82421620c4"}
+{"answer": "The Hospital of Bethlem [Bedlam] at Moorfields, London: seen from the north, with sheep grazing and people walking in the foreground. Coloured wood engraving by W. H. Prior after an earlier engraving. — This is the second building of Bethlem Hospital [Bedlam], built in 1675-1676 in Moorfields, London. In 1814-1815 the hospital removed to St. George's Fields, Southwark, and the Moorfields building was subsequently demolished This print is closely related to the print number 25637i in this catalogue", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "54382190f2ee689e", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The Hospital of Bethlem [Bedlam], St. George's Fields, Lambeth: the billiard room. Wood engraving by F. Vizetelly, 1860.", "The Hospital of Bethlem [Bedlam] at Moorfields, London: seen from the north, with sheep grazing and people walking in the foreground. Coloured wood engraving by W. H. Prior after an earlier engraving. — This is the second building of Bethlem Hospital [Bedlam], built in 1675-1676 in Moorfields, London. In 1814-1815 the hospital removed to St. George's Fields, Southwark, and the Moorfields building was subsequently demolished This print is closely related to the print number 25637i in this catalogue", "Franz Joseph Gall examines the head of Louis-Philippe and finds bumps which indicate various virtuous qualities. Wood engraving, 1832. — From the characteristics of generosity etc. signified by Louis-Philippe's 'bumps', Gall infers the truth of his system", "The funeral of a Chinese merchant's wife in Hong Kong. Wood engraving after G.W. Cooke (?), 1859. — A woman weeps, people kowtow before an altar, several men smoke tobacco and opium. Paintings of Chinese deities are hanging on the walls"], "qid": "T2_psychology_aba7cb162e17", "question": {"media": "54382190f2ee689e.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"54382190f2ee689e.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "54382190f2ee689e"}
+{"answer": "The Hospital of Bethlem [Bedlam] at Moorfields, London: seen from the north. Engraving with trompe l'oeil border. — This is the second building of Bethlem Hospital [Bedlam], built in 1675-1676 in Moorfields, London. In 1814-1815 the hospital removed to St. George's Fields, Southwark, and the Moorfields building was subsequently demolished", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "c207fce01b28d175", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Hospital des Petits Maisons, Paris: plans. Engraving. — Psychiatric hospital in old Paris, first constructed 1782", "Diagrams illustrating: five bandaged legs (three with different sorts of splints), two heads showing veins, a bandaged head, a bandaged torso, a recepticle with body for curing shoulder dislocations and an eye operation. Line engraving by W.H. Lizars, 1830.", "Saint Gregory, doubting the stigmata of Saint Francis, sees in a dream Saint Francis filling a chalice with his blood. Engraving by B. Picart, 1732. — Gregory's papal tiara is shown on the table in his bedroom", "The Hospital of Bethlem [Bedlam] at Moorfields, London: seen from the north. Engraving with trompe l'oeil border. — This is the second building of Bethlem Hospital [Bedlam], built in 1675-1676 in Moorfields, London. In 1814-1815 the hospital removed to St. George's Fields, Southwark, and the Moorfields building was subsequently demolished"], "qid": "T2_psychology_508536af3c8c", "question": {"media": "c207fce01b28d175.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"c207fce01b28d175.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "c207fce01b28d175"}
+{"answer": "The suicide of Cleopatra: Cleopatra is lying dead on her bed, mourned by a servant. Etching by G.B. Cipriani after B. Cellini. — Cleopatra VII (69 BC-30 BC), Egyptian Queen, lover of Julius Caesar and later the wife of Mark Antony. After the Roman armies of Octavian (the future Emperor Augustus) defeated their combined forces, Antony and Cleopatra killed themselves, and Egypt fell under Roman domination. Rather than be dragged through the city in which she had been borne as a queen, she killed herself, possibly by means of an asp, symbol of divine royalty. The cap of liberty etched at the foot is a mark of association with Thomas Hollis, who had commissioned the print from Cipriani: Hollis was a republican and promotor of civil liberties", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "deb9d111afd2ad60", "gold_index": 0, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The suicide of Cleopatra: Cleopatra is lying dead on her bed, mourned by a servant. Etching by G.B. Cipriani after B. Cellini. — Cleopatra VII (69 BC-30 BC), Egyptian Queen, lover of Julius Caesar and later the wife of Mark Antony. After the Roman armies of Octavian (the future Emperor Augustus) defeated their combined forces, Antony and Cleopatra killed themselves, and Egypt fell under Roman domination. Rather than be dragged through the city in which she had been borne as a queen, she killed herself, possibly by means of an asp, symbol of divine royalty. The cap of liberty etched at the foot is a mark of association with Thomas Hollis, who had commissioned the print from Cipriani: Hollis was a republican and promotor of civil liberties", "A sick man gazes in a melancholy way, while his family and pets play. Coloured etching, c. 1820. — The clock in the top-left has been garlanded with a blue cloth, one end of which is in the mouth of a black bird. A long pipe lies on the table", "Faces expressing the passions and showing the muscles relation to expression, with an explanation of the art of 'pathognomy', the reading of facial expression. Etching, c. 1800. — The central top figures are analysed in the text according to their most pronounced muscles; the left-hand face shows scorn and the central one shows a fleshiness of muscle exhibiting a tendency to indolence and laughter. The profiles to the far left and right are of Voltaire and Samuel Johnson respectively. The central image is a face showing \"the muscles as they appear after the skin is taken off\". The bottom row shows a lion and a horse on each side, and two faces borrowed from Charles Le Brun's 'Passions': admiration and joy with tranquility. The bottom image of a dog is marked with letters, relating to the muscles of the face", "Two faces: one expressing extreme despair (left), the other anger mixed with rage (right). Etching by B. Picart, 1713, after C. Le Brun. — Le Brun's depiction of the passions is supported by his theory of the passions, which is delineated in the 'Conférence'. In Cartesian style, each compound passion is an organisation of the six simple passions of admiration, love, hatred, desire, joy and sadness. For instance, jealousy is a composite of love and hate; despair \"is a strong persuasion of not being able to obtain what we desire\""], "qid": "T2_psychology_eb1d631ad77e", "question": {"media": "deb9d111afd2ad60.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"deb9d111afd2ad60.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "deb9d111afd2ad60"}
+{"answer": "Two masks showing physiognomies expressing complaisance (left) and probity (right). Drawing, c. 1789.", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "9c05dacebfe173df", "gold_index": 3, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["A man with a glass of spirits; representing the sense of taste. Pen drawing by A. Overlaet, 1761, after D. Teniers.", "Inflated Ideas, artwork of the brain — 3-dimensional model of a balloon handpainted to represent a brain.", "Head showing the 'convolutions' (lobes) of the brain. Pen drawing after R. W. Reid. — Divided into frontal, temporal, and occipital lobes (inferior, middle and superior), and inferior and superior parietal lobes. A line runs diagonally from the centre to left, marked \"ascending frontal convol.\" on right side, \"ascending parietal con.\" on left. To the left of this are the \"supra marginal conv.\" and the \"angular convol.\"", "Two masks showing physiognomies expressing complaisance (left) and probity (right). Drawing, c. 1789."], "qid": "T2_psychology_d2066f982e0a", "question": {"media": "9c05dacebfe173df.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"9c05dacebfe173df.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "9c05dacebfe173df"}
+{"answer": "Two outlines of faces showing astonishment and fear (left) and laughter (right). Etching by B. Picart, 1713, after C. Le Brun. — Le Brun's depiction of the passions is supported by his theory of the passions, which is delineated in the 'Conférence'. In Cartesian style, each compound passion is an organisation of the six simple passions of admiration, love, hatred, desire, joy and sadness. For instance, jealousy is a composite of love and hate; despair \"is a strong persuasion of not being able to obtain what we desire\"", "answer_type": "mc", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "1d5c52b02d3b19c5", "gold_index": 1, "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Outline of a face expressing veneration; profile of a male face expressing veneration or a state of attention. Etching by B. Picart, 1713, after C. Le Brun. — In other versions of the Le Brun 'passions', the right hand image is known as 'attention' Le Brun's depiction of the passions is supported by his theory of the passions, which is delineated in the 'Conférence'. In Cartesian style, each compound passion is an organisation of the six simple passions of admiration, love, hatred, desire, joy and sadness. For instance, jealousy is a composite of love and hate; despair \"is a strong persuasion of not being able to obtain what we desire\"", "Two outlines of faces showing astonishment and fear (left) and laughter (right). Etching by B. Picart, 1713, after C. Le Brun. — Le Brun's depiction of the passions is supported by his theory of the passions, which is delineated in the 'Conférence'. In Cartesian style, each compound passion is an organisation of the six simple passions of admiration, love, hatred, desire, joy and sadness. For instance, jealousy is a composite of love and hate; despair \"is a strong persuasion of not being able to obtain what we desire\"", "The suicide of Cleopatra: Cleopatra is lying dead on her bed, mourned by a servant. Etching by G.B. Cipriani after B. Cellini. — Cleopatra VII (69 BC-30 BC), Egyptian Queen, lover of Julius Caesar and later the wife of Mark Antony. After the Roman armies of Octavian (the future Emperor Augustus) defeated their combined forces, Antony and Cleopatra killed themselves, and Egypt fell under Roman domination. Rather than be dragged through the city in which she had been borne as a queen, she killed herself, possibly by means of an asp, symbol of divine royalty. The cap of liberty etched at the foot is a mark of association with Thomas Hollis, who had commissioned the print from Cipriani: Hollis was a republican and promotor of civil liberties", "Three perspectives of a skull, sectioned and numbered according to Gall's system of phrenology. Etching by Mutlow."], "qid": "T2_psychology_0b4cc1170e49", "question": {"media": "1d5c52b02d3b19c5.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"1d5c52b02d3b19c5.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2", "template": "media_to_description_record", "unit": "1d5c52b02d3b19c5"}
diff --git a/release/gold/T3/building.jsonl b/release/gold/T3/building.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..64ab1ed7d664d5daefd3e3e7ca247b197179586e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/gold/T3/building.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+{"answer": ["2022-05-24"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "336a0bcee34f6d2a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_building_1ea74e47f34b", "question": {"start": "physics.ao-ph", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the only PDF document whose subject is \"physics.ao-ph\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "336a0bcee34f6d2a"}
+{"answer": ["2023-10-27"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "688658e595291f8e", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_building_618b6b4ef88f", "question": {"start": "688658e595291f8e.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subjects \"cs.LG\" and \"physics.soc-ph\" with the PDF document \"688658e595291f8e.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_CONJ_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "688658e595291f8e"}
+{"answer": ["2023-11-14"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "eccc731c6d27b986", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_building_2ea1a39b3078", "question": {"start": "eccc731c6d27b986.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subjects \"cs.AI\", \"cs.CE\", and \"cs.LG\" with the PDF document \"eccc731c6d27b986.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_4hop_CONJ_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "eccc731c6d27b986"}
+{"answer": ["2024-05-01"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "26d16e829f9ae3aa", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_building_3e4b50c9d339", "question": {"start": "26d16e829f9ae3aa.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"math.OC\" with the PDF document \"26d16e829f9ae3aa.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "26d16e829f9ae3aa"}
+{"answer": ["2024-07-15"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "45e1a36f06f46315", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_building_d274c9ea4133", "question": {"start": "45e1a36f06f46315.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subjects \"cs.LG\" and \"physics.soc-ph\" with the PDF document \"45e1a36f06f46315.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_CONJ_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "45e1a36f06f46315"}
+{"answer": ["2024-08-19"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "ca1a284f4f8dbfde", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_building_3f949efbcb6d", "question": {"start": "ca1a284f4f8dbfde.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares an author with the PDF document \"ca1a284f4f8dbfde.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "ca1a284f4f8dbfde"}
+{"answer": ["2024-09-18"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "048330cc6f4a11b2", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_building_0fa0e620c1ef", "question": {"start": "048330cc6f4a11b2.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares an author with the PDF document \"048330cc6f4a11b2.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "048330cc6f4a11b2"}
+{"answer": ["2024-10-12"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "c644e66e2a5f5862", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_building_e6dd44d205c1", "question": {"start": "c644e66e2a5f5862.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subjects \"cs.AI\", \"cs.CE\", and \"cs.LG\" with the PDF document \"c644e66e2a5f5862.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_4hop_CONJ_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "c644e66e2a5f5862"}
+{"answer": ["2024-12-20"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "13c4aaf3e728bf7e", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_building_277280bbb3c3", "question": {"start": "13c4aaf3e728bf7e.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares an author with the PDF document \"13c4aaf3e728bf7e.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "13c4aaf3e728bf7e"}
+{"answer": ["2025-03-05"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "35967374d5561811", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_building_ceb26da96c57", "question": {"start": "econ.GN", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the only PDF document whose subject is \"econ.GN\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "35967374d5561811"}
+{"answer": ["2025-05-27"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "6c278850b9ea416c", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_building_6025e22c449d", "question": {"start": "stat.AP", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the only PDF document whose subject is \"stat.AP\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "6c278850b9ea416c"}
+{"answer": ["2025-08-08"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "cd509321550c80a0", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_building_8d19069a33b9", "question": {"start": "physics.bio-ph", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the only PDF document whose subject is \"physics.bio-ph\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "cd509321550c80a0"}
+{"answer": ["2025-08-29"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "6c278850b9ea416c", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_building_3342969006ad", "question": {"start": "6c278850b9ea416c.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"cs.SI\" with the PDF document \"6c278850b9ea416c.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "6c278850b9ea416c"}
+{"answer": ["2025-08-29"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "6c278850b9ea416c", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_building_33d55ebb7871", "question": {"start": "stat.AP", "text": "What is the date of the submission event of the other PDF document that shares the subject \"cs.SI\" with the only PDF document whose subject is \"stat.AP\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "6c278850b9ea416c"}
+{"answer": ["2025-08-29"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "7177cd9ab40b1e31", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_building_3515b961de2e", "question": {"start": "7177cd9ab40b1e31.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"cs.CY\" with the PDF document \"7177cd9ab40b1e31.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "7177cd9ab40b1e31"}
+{"answer": ["2025-09-17"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "4e1f72b5a9e24a87", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_building_c3da95092053", "question": {"start": "4e1f72b5a9e24a87.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event of the other PDF document that shares an author with the PDF document \"4e1f72b5a9e24a87.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "4e1f72b5a9e24a87"}
+{"answer": ["2025-12-13"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "0f440e71d1622a47", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_building_aa27d9f0003c", "question": {"start": "eess.IV", "text": "What is the date of the submission event of the only PDF document whose subject is \"eess.IV\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "0f440e71d1622a47"}
+{"answer": ["2026-01-29"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "dd3aa233c95f3cd4", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_building_e6ae3fe83ce7", "question": {"start": "dd3aa233c95f3cd4.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subjects \"cs.AI\", \"cs.LG\" and \"cs.RO\" with the PDF document \"dd3aa233c95f3cd4.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_4hop_CONJ_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "dd3aa233c95f3cd4"}
+{"answer": ["2026-02-02"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "b39abb42c376bfc4", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_building_f9d1acc35176", "question": {"start": "cs.SY", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the only PDF document whose subject is \"cs.SY\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "b39abb42c376bfc4"}
+{"answer": ["2026-04-05"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "153146d4c2b99e53", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_building_2d1bf13b276c", "question": {"start": "153146d4c2b99e53.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subjects \"cs.AI\", \"cs.CV\", and \"cs.LG\" with the PDF document \"153146d4c2b99e53.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_4hop_CONJ_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "153146d4c2b99e53"}
+{"answer": ["2026-04-05"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "ee9d2fff395bce14", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_building_c587e4d3d88f", "question": {"start": "ee9d2fff395bce14.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"stat.ML\" with the PDF document \"ee9d2fff395bce14.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "ee9d2fff395bce14"}
+{"answer": ["2026-04-06"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "75c29388226257e4", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_building_68525b947912", "question": {"start": "75c29388226257e4.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"math.OC\" with the PDF document \"75c29388226257e4.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "75c29388226257e4"}
+{"answer": ["2026-04-15"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "51a6865eaae85c38", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_building_92ba7a859e51", "question": {"start": "51a6865eaae85c38.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"cs.CY\" with the PDF document \"51a6865eaae85c38.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "51a6865eaae85c38"}
+{"answer": ["2026-04-15"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "7177cd9ab40b1e31", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_building_fbf4b6f775f3", "question": {"start": "cs.CR", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the only PDF document whose subject is \"cs.CR\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "7177cd9ab40b1e31"}
+{"answer": ["2026-05-30"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "5aad0b13eef56eba", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_building_41db8682165b", "question": {"start": "cs.NI", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the only PDF document whose subject is \"cs.NI\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "5aad0b13eef56eba"}
+{"answer": ["2026-05-30"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "5aad0b13eef56eba", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_building_50f15a18b4ef", "question": {"start": "cs.OS", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the only PDF document whose subject is \"cs.OS\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "5aad0b13eef56eba"}
+{"answer": ["2026-05-30"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "5aad0b13eef56eba", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_building_eb7f049ccded", "question": {"start": "cs.DC", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the only PDF document whose subject is \"cs.DC\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "5aad0b13eef56eba"}
+{"answer": ["2026-06-29"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "d57978e3f1070147", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_building_6f64c28e7602", "question": {"start": "d57978e3f1070147.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subjects \"cs.AI\", \"cs.LG\", and \"cs.RO\" with the PDF document \"d57978e3f1070147.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_4hop_CONJ_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "d57978e3f1070147"}
+{"answer": ["2026-07-20"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "c4441029b9f77ef2", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_building_063e8e76290d", "question": {"start": "c4441029b9f77ef2.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subjects \"cs.AI\", \"cs.CV\", and \"cs.LG\" with the PDF document \"c4441029b9f77ef2.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_4hop_CONJ_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "c4441029b9f77ef2"}
+{"answer": ["2026-07-21"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "c4441029b9f77ef2", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_building_568b8f7e9175", "question": {"start": "c4441029b9f77ef2.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"stat.ML\" with the PDF document \"c4441029b9f77ef2.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "c4441029b9f77ef2"}
+{"answer": ["2026-08-06"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "5d7086cbbb258533", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_building_18347863f9f8", "question": {"start": "physics.optics", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the only PDF document whose subject is \"physics.optics\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "5d7086cbbb258533"}
+{"answer": ["Eduardo D. Sontag"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "building", "dossier": "cd509321550c80a0", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_building_7aeb842a6767", "question": {"start": "physics.bio-ph", "text": "Who is the author of the only PDF document whose subject is \"physics.bio-ph\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-IDN", "unit": "cd509321550c80a0"}
diff --git a/release/gold/T3/education.jsonl b/release/gold/T3/education.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8633a62a42c568670f1d273cd4e6ff5046d72dab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/gold/T3/education.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+{"answer": ["1815"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "1010ada52cc3049c", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_education_da660935ade2", "question": {"start": "Advertising", "text": "What is the date of the object created event for the only image whose topic is \"Advertising\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "1010ada52cc3049c"}
+{"answer": ["1842"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "866827db8e9e400d", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_education_011c8f947a41", "question": {"start": "Headgear", "text": "What is the date of the object created event for the other image that shares the topic \"Religion\" and the topic \"Women\" with the only image whose object type is \"Headgear\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_4hop_MEN_LOOKUP-CONJ_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "866827db8e9e400d"}
+{"answer": ["1842"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "866827db8e9e400d", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_education_4fe7bc702cd6", "question": {"start": "866827db8e9e400d.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the object created event for the other image that shares the topic \"Religion\" and the topic \"Women\" with the image \"866827db8e9e400d.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_CONJ_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "866827db8e9e400d"}
+{"answer": ["1861-12-24"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "c684804ce6ca1dab", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_education_a57ab0f24707", "question": {"start": "c684804ce6ca1dab.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the patented event for the other image that shares the object type \"desk and seat model\" with the image \"c684804ce6ca1dab.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "c684804ce6ca1dab"}
+{"answer": ["1871"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "65ac56d773eede9a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_education_051dee239814", "question": {"start": "desk patent model side support", "text": "What is the date of the object created event for the only image whose object type is \"desk patent model side support\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "65ac56d773eede9a"}
+{"answer": ["1872-04"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "aceb431805887269", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_education_bcb3c7d0579f", "question": {"start": "Minutes", "text": "What is the date of the object created event for the only image whose object type is \"Minutes\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "aceb431805887269"}
+{"answer": ["1872-04"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "fb12d04159f614b1", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_education_9cf0d1a088e5", "question": {"start": "fb12d04159f614b1.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the object created event for the other image that shares the topic \"Communities\" and the topic \"Reconstruction, U.S. History, 1865-1877\" with the image \"fb12d04159f614b1.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_CONJ_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "fb12d04159f614b1"}
+{"answer": ["1872-06-25"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "48ab7eacac74f5bf", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_education_13fe4c5a0e8c", "question": {"start": "desk and seat patent model fragment", "text": "What is the date of the patented event for the only image whose object type is \"desk and seat patent model fragment\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "48ab7eacac74f5bf"}
+{"answer": ["1872-06-25"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "48ab7eacac74f5bf", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_education_8dea0a945221", "question": {"start": "Institutional Furnishings", "text": "What is the date of the patented event for the only image whose topic is \"Institutional Furnishings\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "48ab7eacac74f5bf"}
+{"answer": ["1873"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "855d50d1712a7455", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_education_25fcc8192d9e", "question": {"start": "855d50d1712a7455.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the object created event of the other image that shares the topic \"Reconstruction, U.S. History, 1865-1877\" and the topic \"Singers (Musicians)\" with the image \"855d50d1712a7455.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_CONJ_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "855d50d1712a7455"}
+{"answer": ["1874"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "e8c437ed2e64d947", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_education_f3b85ab07e6e", "question": {"start": "desk model fragments", "text": "What is the date of the object created event for the only image whose object type is \"desk model fragments\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "e8c437ed2e64d947"}
+{"answer": ["1874-06-23"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "e8c437ed2e64d947", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_education_f307c51f1e69", "question": {"start": "desk model fragments", "text": "What is the date of the patented event for the only image whose object type is \"desk model fragments\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "e8c437ed2e64d947"}
+{"answer": ["1875-11-02"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "3698a52326572f69", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_education_80582a2fa627", "question": {"start": "school desktop", "text": "What is the date of the patented event for the only image whose object type is \"school desktop\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "3698a52326572f69"}
+{"answer": ["1878-05-07"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "bb7483cdee71b68c", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_education_caa6275a6514", "question": {"start": "desk model juncture improvement", "text": "What is the date of the patented event for the only image whose object type is \"desk model juncture improvement\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "bb7483cdee71b68c"}
+{"answer": ["1899"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "32d0db8bff8756d2", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_education_1f6f1e962778", "question": {"start": "32d0db8bff8756d2.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the object created event for the other image that shares the object type “Photographs”, the topic “American South” and the topic “HBCUs (Historically Black Colleges and Universities)” with the image \"32d0db8bff8756d2.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_4hop_CONJ_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "32d0db8bff8756d2"}
+{"answer": ["1915-03-25"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "66a008b9f9f70a19", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_education_fe15558ea3ac", "question": {"start": "66a008b9f9f70a19.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the object created event for the other image that shares a classification with the image \"66a008b9f9f70a19.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "66a008b9f9f70a19"}
+{"answer": ["1917"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "ca48924258b28150", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_education_0eba6a54895b", "question": {"start": "WW I", "text": "What is the date of the object created event for the only image whose topic is \"WW I\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "ca48924258b28150"}
+{"answer": ["1928"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "b1ab9380f7740d21", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_education_3ccbc456a6e6", "question": {"start": "b1ab9380f7740d21.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the object created event for the other image that shares the topic \"United States History\" with the image \"b1ab9380f7740d21.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "b1ab9380f7740d21"}
+{"answer": ["1929"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "db3f1f26fab03a0b", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_education_4e1840b57aa6", "question": {"start": "db3f1f26fab03a0b.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the object created event of the other image that shares a classification with the image \"db3f1f26fab03a0b.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "db3f1f26fab03a0b"}
+{"answer": ["1938"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "77e5c2e525764e1e", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_education_19ef24488b37", "question": {"start": "77e5c2e525764e1e.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the object created event for the other image that shares the object type \"Hardcover books\" and the topic \"Literature\" with the image \"77e5c2e525764e1e.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_CONJ_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "77e5c2e525764e1e"}
+{"answer": ["1946-11-08"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "015b4aa9023564e9", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_education_db964b765373", "question": {"start": "015b4aa9023564e9.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the object created event of the other image that shares the object type \"Programs (documents)\" and the topic \"Athletes\" with the image \"015b4aa9023564e9.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_CONJ_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "015b4aa9023564e9"}
+{"answer": ["1948"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "9ab37b058bd0656a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_education_c5e1bae6aaa0", "question": {"start": "9ab37b058bd0656a.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the object created event of the other image that shares a classification with the image \"9ab37b058bd0656a.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "9ab37b058bd0656a"}
+{"answer": ["1972-07"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "b0398a90767bc7b8", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_education_126abfe95cf0", "question": {"start": "Pan Africanism", "text": "What is the date of the object created event for the other image that shares the topic \"Black power\" with the only image whose topic is \"Pan Africanism\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "b0398a90767bc7b8"}
+{"answer": ["1972-07"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "b0398a90767bc7b8", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_education_93e85db0f4c2", "question": {"start": "Decolonization", "text": "What is the date of the object created event of the other image that shares the topic \"Black power\" with the only image whose topic is \"Decolonization\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "b0398a90767bc7b8"}
+{"answer": ["1975"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "0df0d184b2fbcd9b", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_education_6e5fb0a809ad", "question": {"start": "Professional organizations", "text": "What is the date of the object created event for the only image whose topic is \"Professional organizations\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "0df0d184b2fbcd9b"}
+{"answer": ["2024-04-10"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "25137a50de91ce10", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_education_c8da4f461cb5", "question": {"start": "25137a50de91ce10.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares an author with the PDF document \"25137a50de91ce10.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "25137a50de91ce10"}
+{"answer": ["2025-04-04"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "135e8ce16773a61b", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_education_9c75d1dd01dc", "question": {"start": "135e8ce16773a61b.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"cs.HC\" and the subject \"cs.SE\" with the PDF document \"135e8ce16773a61b.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_CONJ_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "135e8ce16773a61b"}
+{"answer": ["2025-04-07"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "c132ab403b9324c0", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_education_9022be0e8839", "question": {"start": "c132ab403b9324c0.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"cs.CR\" with the PDF document \"c132ab403b9324c0.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "c132ab403b9324c0"}
+{"answer": ["2025-07-06"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "e69d68c11bdf8424", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_education_085f901f48c6", "question": {"start": "e69d68c11bdf8424.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event of the other PDF document that shares an author with the PDF document \"e69d68c11bdf8424.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "e69d68c11bdf8424"}
+{"answer": ["African Americans"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "57a154bb5d53c05a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_education_a0b9b239931d", "question": {"start": "summaries", "text": "What is the culture of the only image whose object type is \"summaries\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN", "unit": "57a154bb5d53c05a"}
+{"answer": ["African Americans"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "ca34a959f4f4cce2", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_education_1d9c5beb84b9", "question": {"start": "Violence", "text": "What is the culture of the only image whose topic is \"Violence\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN", "unit": "ca34a959f4f4cce2"}
+{"answer": ["African Americans"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "ee2ed8f7ae0bd65d", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_education_010c43bbd3a8", "question": {"start": "Signs (declaratory or advertising artifacts)", "text": "What is the culture of the only image whose object type is \"Signs (declaratory or advertising artifacts)\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN", "unit": "ee2ed8f7ae0bd65d"}
+{"answer": ["African Americans"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "f48cdbae2b9a9a59", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_education_6ebbd00a8faf", "question": {"start": "Periodicals", "text": "What is the culture of the only image whose object type is \"Periodicals\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN", "unit": "f48cdbae2b9a9a59"}
+{"answer": ["NMAAHC"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "65ead82bebfbd3ee", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_education_cac6a316169c", "question": {"start": "Journalism", "text": "What is the department of the only image whose topic is \"Journalism\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN", "unit": "65ead82bebfbd3ee"}
+{"answer": ["NMAAHC"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "aceb431805887269", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_education_3d6874c9eeee", "question": {"start": "Minutes", "text": "What is the department of the only image whose object type is \"Minutes\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN", "unit": "aceb431805887269"}
+{"answer": ["NMAAHC"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "b0398a90767bc7b8", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_education_62b91c5dbda3", "question": {"start": "Pan Africanism", "text": "What is the department of the only image whose topic is \"Pan Africanism\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN", "unit": "b0398a90767bc7b8"}
+{"answer": ["NMAAHC"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "e037bdede8559e78", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_education_eab2da36f99a", "question": {"start": "Baseball", "text": "What is the department of the only image whose topic is \"Baseball\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN", "unit": "e037bdede8559e78"}
+{"answer": ["NMAH"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "17ca46cbb181d117", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_education_da0fcb73c818", "question": {"start": "Chronology: 1860-1869", "text": "What is the department of the only image whose topic is \"Chronology: 1860-1869\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN", "unit": "17ca46cbb181d117"}
+{"answer": ["NMAH"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "2513eb3f1f8342c5", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_education_6120b8a22dd5", "question": {"start": "school desk hinge", "text": "What is the department of the only image whose object type is \"school desk hinge\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN", "unit": "2513eb3f1f8342c5"}
+{"answer": ["NMAH"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "915794b4a96947dc", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_education_fae93691b89e", "question": {"start": "Clocks", "text": "What is the department of the only image whose topic is \"Clocks\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN", "unit": "915794b4a96947dc"}
+{"answer": ["Pillow shams"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "adb836fe1b117501", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_education_d30b05c75d1a", "question": {"start": "World War, 1939-1945", "text": "What is the object type of the only image whose topic is \"World War, 1939-1945\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN", "unit": "adb836fe1b117501"}
diff --git a/release/gold/T3/finance.jsonl b/release/gold/T3/finance.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..31c72f81cb311e9b783e244994011f19ba3f8269
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/gold/T3/finance.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+{"answer": ["1857"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "c496b05802853e52", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_finance_10bc8d84640b", "question": {"start": "Enantiodromie", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event for the only image whose page creator is \"Enantiodromie\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "c496b05802853e52"}
+{"answer": ["1889"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "2a6c578f030ae2de", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_finance_93637172c7aa", "question": {"start": "Anastasia D.Rossi", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event for the other image that shares the depicted subject \"Q23\" with the only image whose uploader is \"Anastasia D.Rossi\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_IDN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "2a6c578f030ae2de"}
+{"answer": ["1906-09-12"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "7f548d841fa00efc", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_finance_ce6f77ea4c68", "question": {"start": "Q5092", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event for the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q5092\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "7f548d841fa00efc"}
+{"answer": ["2005-01-01"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "7fa80734474c2951", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_finance_68c05017fda6", "question": {"start": "G6d-leipzig", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event of the only image whose uploader is \"G6d-leipzig\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "7fa80734474c2951"}
+{"answer": ["2005-03-01"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "99a61829ad293e92", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_finance_e89b1a23a0d9", "question": {"start": "Lorax", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose credited user is \"Lorax\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "99a61829ad293e92"}
+{"answer": ["2006-10-15"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "9dd89feed53817f0", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_finance_e3a7da7d3e0e", "question": {"start": "9dd89feed53817f0.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the page created event for the other image that shares an uploader with the image \"9dd89feed53817f0.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "9dd89feed53817f0"}
+{"answer": ["2008-03-24"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "f0537b68e10a783b", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_finance_7e0ac2bffbd0", "question": {"start": "Siren-Com", "text": "What is the date of the page created event for the only image whose uploader is \"Siren-Com\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "f0537b68e10a783b"}
+{"answer": ["2008-03-24"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "f0537b68e10a783b", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_finance_dcdaddfa825c", "question": {"start": "World Imaging", "text": "What is the date of the page created event for the only image whose page creator is \"World Imaging\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "f0537b68e10a783b"}
+{"answer": ["2008-08-31"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "13f4a3d311e5c494", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_finance_563e9d76af66", "question": {"start": "Stanmar", "text": "What is the date of the page created event for the only image whose page creator is \"Stanmar\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "13f4a3d311e5c494"}
+{"answer": ["2009-02-17"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "f7bc82935c79ed52", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_finance_b05dc52ef1c0", "question": {"start": "Smb12321~commonswiki", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose page creator is \"Smb12321~commonswiki\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "f7bc82935c79ed52"}
+{"answer": ["2009-02-25"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "56981665fa7f9622", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_finance_5ce9fb153d6d", "question": {"start": "Zscout370", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose uploader is \"Zscout370\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "56981665fa7f9622"}
+{"answer": ["2010-01-30"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "61de0704b9c29e0e", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_finance_59e68d4ace03", "question": {"start": "Eduardo89", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event for the only image whose uploader is \"Eduardo89\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "61de0704b9c29e0e"}
+{"answer": ["2010-06-28"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "7143717513c0895c", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_finance_dc3b2208b520", "question": {"start": "Specious", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event of the only image whose uploader is \"Specious\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "7143717513c0895c"}
+{"answer": ["2010-11-15"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "1269eae9f36effbd", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_finance_e84f35618c11", "question": {"start": "Q47433", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event of the other image that shares an uploader with the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q47433\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-IDN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "1269eae9f36effbd"}
+{"answer": ["2011-05-19"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "43afed88ef063855", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_finance_6f3859e418ee", "question": {"start": "Ineuw", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose uploader is \"Ineuw\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "43afed88ef063855"}
+{"answer": ["2012-03-19"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "1269eae9f36effbd", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_finance_3d377c62edf3", "question": {"start": "Q47433", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the other image that shares an uploader with the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q47433\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-IDN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "1269eae9f36effbd"}
+{"answer": ["2012-03-19"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "1269eae9f36effbd", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_finance_a95e55d0bd98", "question": {"start": "Q34404", "text": "What is the date of the file upload event for the other image that shares an uploader with the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q34404\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-IDN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "1269eae9f36effbd"}
+{"answer": ["2012-06-13"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "9af140fb2fd6840d", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_finance_ab674da2eacb", "question": {"start": "Naib", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose uploader is \"Naib\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "9af140fb2fd6840d"}
+{"answer": ["2014"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "91415042672cb908", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_finance_ef06ee5146b4", "question": {"start": "Q930649", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event for the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q930649\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "91415042672cb908"}
+{"answer": ["2014-01-20"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "5abe00336ff39d89", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_finance_31d3d0b118aa", "question": {"start": "5abe00336ff39d89.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event of the other image that shares an uploader with the image \"5abe00336ff39d89.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "5abe00336ff39d89"}
+{"answer": ["2015-08-20"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "702beacd1432477b", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_finance_e76e885260da", "question": {"start": "Q1785103", "text": "What is the date of the page created event for the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q1785103\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "702beacd1432477b"}
+{"answer": ["2015-09-12"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "2a6c578f030ae2de", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_finance_32c1aecea9e7", "question": {"start": "2a6c578f030ae2de.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the other image that shares the depicted subject \"Q23\" with the image \"2a6c578f030ae2de.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "2a6c578f030ae2de"}
+{"answer": ["2016-04-05"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "785c21af08d4dd08", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_finance_80ab3ef4bc07", "question": {"start": "Jtorquy", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event for the only image whose uploader is \"Jtorquy\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "785c21af08d4dd08"}
+{"answer": ["2016-04-06"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "785c21af08d4dd08", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_finance_00a18d54f5ab", "question": {"start": "Jtorquy", "text": "What is the date of the page created event for the only image whose uploader is \"Jtorquy\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "785c21af08d4dd08"}
+{"answer": ["2016-06-09"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "cca32da4177abfe3", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_finance_9e7b589227c2", "question": {"start": "TerraFrost", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose page creator is \"TerraFrost\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "cca32da4177abfe3"}
+{"answer": ["2016-08-12"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "828729e93c5a7cda", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_finance_0a4fea8c45e2", "question": {"start": "ԱշոտՏՆՂ", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose uploader is \"ԱշոտՏՆՂ\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "828729e93c5a7cda"}
+{"answer": ["2017-11-03"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "dac60e848be6447f", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_finance_443a56ad1a8a", "question": {"start": "Ser Amantio di Nicolao", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose uploader is \"Ser Amantio di Nicolao\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "dac60e848be6447f"}
+{"answer": ["2018-06-21"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "15f9faf974e56d8d", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_finance_764cd426eee4", "question": {"start": "15f9faf974e56d8d.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event for the other image that shares an uploader with the image \"15f9faf974e56d8d.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "15f9faf974e56d8d"}
+{"answer": ["2019-08-31"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "c496b05802853e52", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_finance_ee5d08687dba", "question": {"start": "Enantiodromie", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event of the only image whose page creator is \"Enantiodromie\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "c496b05802853e52"}
+{"answer": ["2019-10-16"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "398b0f163792912f", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_finance_032ac734023d", "question": {"start": "Q1368", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q1368\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "398b0f163792912f"}
+{"answer": ["2021-01-14"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "7f548d841fa00efc", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_finance_230e170fb724", "question": {"start": "Q1391", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q1391\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "7f548d841fa00efc"}
+{"answer": ["2021-01-14"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "7f548d841fa00efc", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_finance_7c8bbf17b6f8", "question": {"start": "Q5092", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q5092\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "7f548d841fa00efc"}
+{"answer": ["2024-05-24"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "a21211967c06e4a7", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_finance_775166bb03d3", "question": {"start": "a21211967c06e4a7.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"math.OC\" and the subject \"q-fin.CP\" with the PDF document \"a21211967c06e4a7.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_CONJ_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "a21211967c06e4a7"}
+{"answer": ["2025-02-18"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "a53855d8fe4f6542", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_finance_8fd1b04c7db9", "question": {"start": "a53855d8fe4f6542.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subjects \"q-fin.MF\" and \"q-fin.PR\" with the PDF document \"a53855d8fe4f6542.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_CONJ_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "a53855d8fe4f6542"}
+{"answer": ["2025-10-30"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "94e88cbddf2f2006", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_finance_a8332fe12695", "question": {"start": "cs.GT", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the only PDF document whose subject is \"cs.GT\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "94e88cbddf2f2006"}
+{"answer": ["2025-12-18"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "eb3a0f199e3daad4", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_finance_f583e582ea43", "question": {"start": "eb3a0f199e3daad4.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"cs.CR\" and the subject \"q-fin.TR\" with the PDF document \"eb3a0f199e3daad4.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_CONJ_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "eb3a0f199e3daad4"}
+{"answer": ["2026-05-01"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "c8c132f290a79951", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_finance_782bd15de13d", "question": {"start": "c8c132f290a79951.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subjects \"q-fin.GN\" and \"q-fin.TR\" with the PDF document \"c8c132f290a79951.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_CONJ_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "c8c132f290a79951"}
+{"answer": ["2026-06-07"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "efdff3e502a1aafe", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_finance_c7e490612cb9", "question": {"start": "efdff3e502a1aafe.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"cs.AI\", the subject \"cs.CE\" and the subject \"q-fin.CP\" with the PDF document \"efdff3e502a1aafe.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_4hop_CONJ_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "efdff3e502a1aafe"}
+{"answer": ["A. H. Nzokem"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "59e8c284db3449c4", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_finance_95d28bcc7d86", "question": {"start": "59e8c284db3449c4.pdf", "text": "Who is the author of the other PDF document that shares the subject \"math.PR\" and the subject \"q-fin.PR\" with the PDF document \"59e8c284db3449c4.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_CONJ_SHARE-IDN", "unit": "59e8c284db3449c4"}
+{"answer": ["Fæ"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "2a6c578f030ae2de", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_finance_79b7ab753850", "question": {"start": "2a6c578f030ae2de.jpg", "text": "Who is the uploader of the other image that shares the depicted subject \"Q23\" with the image \"2a6c578f030ae2de.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_TERM_SHARE-IDN", "unit": "2a6c578f030ae2de"}
+{"answer": ["Stauba"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "f7bc82935c79ed52", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_finance_01cce79e01b6", "question": {"start": "Smb12321~commonswiki", "text": "Who is the uploader of the only image whose page creator is \"Smb12321~commonswiki\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-IDN", "unit": "f7bc82935c79ed52"}
diff --git a/release/gold/T3/games.jsonl b/release/gold/T3/games.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c75aff1c57a4997eaf51197eb1bace05e70086ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/gold/T3/games.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+{"answer": ["2006-12-23"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "a14e4f9273673d8b", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_games_3d15c1aa92ab", "question": {"start": "Tkarcher", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event for the only image whose uploader is \"Tkarcher\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "a14e4f9273673d8b"}
+{"answer": ["2010-10-01"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "c824dc1a894edbd2", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_games_79bf82445ee5", "question": {"start": "overlay", "text": "What is the date of the posted event for the only image whose tag is \"overlay\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "c824dc1a894edbd2"}
+{"answer": ["2012-03-09"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "81d262cb1e7eeb0a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_games_0ab6bb3511e4", "question": {"start": "coal", "text": "What is the date of the posted event for the only image whose tag is \"coal\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "81d262cb1e7eeb0a"}
+{"answer": ["2012-06-04"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "4463f84d9b0edca9", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_games_976d8da2fd78", "question": {"start": "coin", "text": "What is the date of the posted event for the other image that shares the tag \"Icon\" and the tag \"pixel\" with the only image whose tag is \"coin\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_4hop_MEN_LOOKUP-CONJ_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "4463f84d9b0edca9"}
+{"answer": ["2013-04-25"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "3c1304d5c80c37c9", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_games_a15dd79bccba", "question": {"start": "buttons", "text": "What is the date of the posted event of the other image that shares a creator with the only image whose tag is \"buttons\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-IDN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "3c1304d5c80c37c9"}
+{"answer": ["2014-03-04"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "c9fdd12167c42edc", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_games_81c5da207581", "question": {"start": "down", "text": "What is the date of the posted event for the only image whose tag is \"down\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "c9fdd12167c42edc"}
+{"answer": ["2015-06-29"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "3b65bf53d97038df", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_games_75aae08438dd", "question": {"start": "marble", "text": "What is the date of the posted event for the only image whose tag is \"marble\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "3b65bf53d97038df"}
+{"answer": ["2015-10-14"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "2921da1ef3b0e43b", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_games_115fa945cc11", "question": {"start": "2921da1ef3b0e43b.png", "text": "What is the date of the posted event for the other image that shares the tag \"32x32\" and the tag \"pixelart\" with the image \"2921da1ef3b0e43b.png\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_CONJ_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "2921da1ef3b0e43b"}
+{"answer": ["2015-10-14"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "d41893ebc2a1cb09", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_games_7eeaa91f129f", "question": {"start": "creature", "text": "What is the date of the posted event for the other image that shares the tag \"32x32\" and the tag \"animated\" with the only image whose tag is \"creature\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_4hop_MEN_LOOKUP-CONJ_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "d41893ebc2a1cb09"}
+{"answer": ["2016-01-14"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "0703429604d59808", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_games_51e18c9bcdbc", "question": {"start": "gameboy", "text": "What is the date of the posted event for the other image that shares the tag \"Platformer\" and the tag \"tile\" with the only image whose tag is \"gameboy\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_4hop_MEN_LOOKUP-CONJ_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "0703429604d59808"}
+{"answer": ["2016-07-23"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "24b24f35aca56742", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_games_167dd63441ba", "question": {"start": "control", "text": "What is the date of the posted event for the only image whose tag is \"control\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "24b24f35aca56742"}
+{"answer": ["2017-08-18"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "e2a3a12fa909ea8a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_games_bb9df68292c8", "question": {"start": "legend of zelda", "text": "What is the date of the posted event for the only image whose tag is \"legend of zelda\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "e2a3a12fa909ea8a"}
+{"answer": ["2017-09-03"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "14ac702b413b9151", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_games_03553c4d25c0", "question": {"start": "waterfall", "text": "What is the date of the posted event for the only image whose tag is \"waterfall\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "14ac702b413b9151"}
+{"answer": ["2017-09-03"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "9a4fa818bfdcc7e1", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_games_fa894cf557af", "question": {"start": "map tiles", "text": "What is the date of the posted event for the other image that shares the tags \"16x16\" and \"tileset\" with the only image whose tag is \"map tiles\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_4hop_MEN_LOOKUP-CONJ_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "9a4fa818bfdcc7e1"}
+{"answer": ["2018-04-25"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "85caac996daf64bb", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_games_f7286a231a2d", "question": {"start": "Greece", "text": "What is the date of the posted event for the only image whose tag is \"Greece\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "85caac996daf64bb"}
+{"answer": ["2019-02-18"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "8e63e55c0408ff33", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_games_931c990f26dc", "question": {"start": "insect", "text": "What is the date of the posted event for the only image whose tag is \"insect\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "8e63e55c0408ff33"}
+{"answer": ["2021-06-07"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "4a803f87e7dcceab", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_games_27854c971353", "question": {"start": "Q109411", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event of the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q109411\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "4a803f87e7dcceab"}
+{"answer": ["2021-07-19"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "47454f0de87d5ba9", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_games_435337e7a33e", "question": {"start": "lightning", "text": "What is the date of the posted event for the other image that shares a creator with the only image whose tag is \"lightning\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-IDN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "47454f0de87d5ba9"}
+{"answer": ["2021-07-29"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "72c345c32b7d60ae", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_games_cafd2a3a28e6", "question": {"start": "boombox", "text": "What is the date of the posted event for the only image whose tag is \"boombox\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "72c345c32b7d60ae"}
+{"answer": ["2021-09-11"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "a77055d6e2dfb851", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_games_b5681540ab61", "question": {"start": "smoke", "text": "What is the date of the posted event for the only image whose tag is \"smoke\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "a77055d6e2dfb851"}
+{"answer": ["2022-04-02"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "0359d9ba39d16ad0", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_games_906c98081f12", "question": {"start": "note", "text": "What is the date of the posted event for the only image whose tag is \"note\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "0359d9ba39d16ad0"}
+{"answer": ["2022-07-31"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "47454f0de87d5ba9", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_games_9d2809eb1f5b", "question": {"start": "lightning", "text": "What is the date of the posted event for the only image whose tag is \"lightning\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "47454f0de87d5ba9"}
+{"answer": ["2D Art"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "3b65bf53d97038df", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_games_3fc8a7bf2bba", "question": {"start": "32x48", "text": "What is the art type of the only image whose tag is \"32x48\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN", "unit": "3b65bf53d97038df"}
+{"answer": ["2D Art"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "3c1304d5c80c37c9", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_games_b9fbf467c674", "question": {"start": "buttons", "text": "What is the art type of the only image whose tag is \"buttons\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN", "unit": "3c1304d5c80c37c9"}
+{"answer": ["2D Art"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "3cf2340901d8676b", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_games_02e9a39ce90b", "question": {"start": "granite", "text": "What is the art type of the other image that shares the tag \"Rock\" with the only image whose tag is \"granite\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-MEN", "unit": "3cf2340901d8676b"}
+{"answer": ["2D Art"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "5245a1fdc0086e47", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_games_ddb29096b121", "question": {"start": "unfinished", "text": "What is the art type of the only image whose tag is \"unfinished\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN", "unit": "5245a1fdc0086e47"}
+{"answer": ["Andrew J Hamilton"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "9d7261e916e32220", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_games_0bdc1743af6a", "question": {"start": "display", "text": "Who is the creator of the only image that has a tag of \"display\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-IDN", "unit": "9d7261e916e32220"}
+{"answer": ["Buch"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "309160417f2a1104", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_games_e5a162faf343", "question": {"start": "309160417f2a1104.png", "text": "Who is the creator of the other image that shares the tag \"button\" with the image \"309160417f2a1104.png\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_TERM_SHARE-IDN", "unit": "309160417f2a1104"}
+{"answer": ["Buch"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "a77055d6e2dfb851", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_games_bed28314d3ee", "question": {"start": "vapor", "text": "Who is the creator of the other image that shares a tag with the other image that shares a creator with the only image whose tag is \"vapor\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_4hop_MEN_LOOKUP-IDN_SHARE-MEN_SHARE-IDN", "unit": "a77055d6e2dfb851"}
+{"answer": ["Buch"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "dbbaad0ec7435f25", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_games_88d7c3297b48", "question": {"start": "checkbox", "text": "Who is the creator of the only image whose tag is \"checkbox\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-IDN", "unit": "dbbaad0ec7435f25"}
+{"answer": ["Ida"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "8b657d94eb637464", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_games_a7ac5b99ea32", "question": {"start": "snail", "text": "Who is the creator of the only image whose tag is \"snail\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-IDN", "unit": "8b657d94eb637464"}
+{"answer": ["LordNeo"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "0359d9ba39d16ad0", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_games_86b8805e7942", "question": {"start": "0359d9ba39d16ad0.png", "text": "Who is the creator of the other image that shares the tags \"Icon\" and \"Pixel Art\" with the image \"0359d9ba39d16ad0.png\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_CONJ_SHARE-IDN", "unit": "0359d9ba39d16ad0"}
+{"answer": ["Monster Logix Studio"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "72c345c32b7d60ae", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_games_dab8046cea59", "question": {"start": "boombox", "text": "Who is the creator of the other image that shares the tag \"retro\" and the tag \"Sprite\" with the only image whose tag is \"boombox\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_4hop_MEN_LOOKUP-CONJ_SHARE-IDN", "unit": "72c345c32b7d60ae"}
+{"answer": ["Texture"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "1d115503ae865de8", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_games_ab52269111e9", "question": {"start": "blood moon", "text": "What is the art type of the other image that shares the tag \"moon\" with the only image whose tag is \"blood moon\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-MEN", "unit": "1d115503ae865de8"}
+{"answer": ["Texture"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "89c07e7170c4b104", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_games_447460c15d06", "question": {"start": "green", "text": "What is the art type of the other image that shares a creator with the only image whose tag is \"green\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-IDN_SHARE-MEN", "unit": "89c07e7170c4b104"}
+{"answer": ["Timelot"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "24022b628c6d427a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_games_29025fb9b7ac", "question": {"start": "undead", "text": "Who is the creator of the only image whose tag is \"undead\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-IDN", "unit": "24022b628c6d427a"}
+{"answer": ["Vellidragon"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "9d52ebbd7149f70e", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_games_d237ab5d3f03", "question": {"start": "arrows", "text": "Who is the creator of the only image whose tag is \"arrows\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-IDN", "unit": "9d52ebbd7149f70e"}
+{"answer": ["Zakru"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "732c07b8a4aeeb78", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_games_75f89c0adced", "question": {"start": "flame", "text": "Who is the creator of the only image whose tag is \"flame\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-IDN", "unit": "732c07b8a4aeeb78"}
+{"answer": ["bart"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "1d115503ae865de8", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_games_2e4122251f79", "question": {"start": "snow", "text": "Who is the creator of the other image that shares the tag \"moon\" with the only image whose tag is \"snow\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-IDN", "unit": "1d115503ae865de8"}
+{"answer": ["congusbongus"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "b5bf01b46a1c8800", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_games_ffa90320628c", "question": {"start": "classroom", "text": "Who is the creator of the other image that shares the tag \"interior\" with the only image whose tag is \"classroom\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-IDN", "unit": "b5bf01b46a1c8800"}
+{"answer": ["megupets"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "games", "dossier": "6d2cb8fa0b2a387a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_games_c4cb8ca112d7", "question": {"start": "toy", "text": "Who is the creator of the only image whose tag is \"toy\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-IDN", "unit": "6d2cb8fa0b2a387a"}
diff --git a/release/gold/T3/healthcare.jsonl b/release/gold/T3/healthcare.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f3a549b25a6d27a5b0be862e758d161e04658230
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/gold/T3/healthcare.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+{"answer": ["1964"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "b379114cad6e50d9", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_healthcare_a7e0a10ee1cd", "question": {"start": "Coal Mining", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares a subject with the only image whose subject is \"Coal Mining\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "b379114cad6e50d9"}
+{"answer": ["1965"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "40ac526f9e386fbc", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_healthcare_5086c2bd51c2", "question": {"start": "40ac526f9e386fbc.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares a subject with the image \"40ac526f9e386fbc.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "40ac526f9e386fbc"}
+{"answer": ["1966"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "304b77dc96068901", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_healthcare_555756255848", "question": {"start": "X-Rays", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the only image whose subject is \"X-Rays\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "304b77dc96068901"}
+{"answer": ["1975"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "f1a2f918d183f0d5", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_healthcare_4ad62037b2ca", "question": {"start": "Respiratory Tract Infections", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the only image whose subject is \"Respiratory Tract Infections\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "f1a2f918d183f0d5"}
+{"answer": ["2023-05-29"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "e75135823aa4c50f", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_healthcare_4ff8c9cb9a65", "question": {"start": "Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal", "text": "What is the date of the revision received event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "e75135823aa4c50f"}
+{"answer": ["2024-06-18"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "e354809e54972ec2", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_healthcare_2c17417f6d4a", "question": {"start": "Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute Tampa Florida USA", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute Tampa Florida USA\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "e354809e54972ec2"}
+{"answer": ["2024-08-23"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "0025ca820d894a2c", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_healthcare_72bff08f33a8", "question": {"start": "Health Systems Transformation Platform, New Delhi, India", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Health Systems Transformation Platform, New Delhi, India\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "0025ca820d894a2c"}
+{"answer": ["2024-11-30"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "29d0ffb53cd7f5f6", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_healthcare_afd239defe40", "question": {"start": "29d0ffb53cd7f5f6.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Rural Health Services\" with the PDF document \"29d0ffb53cd7f5f6.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "29d0ffb53cd7f5f6"}
+{"answer": ["2024-12-31"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "f0f263936c9e2af6", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_healthcare_0eca3c5cacc0", "question": {"start": "Anti-Retroviral Agents", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the only PDF document whose subject is \"Anti-Retroviral Agents\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "f0f263936c9e2af6"}
+{"answer": ["2025-01-22"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "cb4bf71103c238bd", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_healthcare_b096604ca344", "question": {"start": "Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Center, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G5, Canada", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Nurse's Role\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Center, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G5, Canada\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "cb4bf71103c238bd"}
+{"answer": ["2025-04-16"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "9e7709e13cdcbf1c", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_healthcare_1b9de830f74e", "question": {"start": "Division of Health Systems and Public Health, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Child\" and the subject \"HIV Infections\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Division of Health Systems and Public Health, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_4hop_MEN_LOOKUP-CONJ_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "9e7709e13cdcbf1c"}
+{"answer": ["2025-04-16"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "9e7709e13cdcbf1c", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_healthcare_34a94f218eda", "question": {"start": "University of Ottawa, CANADA", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Child\" and the subject \"HIV Infections\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"University of Ottawa, CANADA\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_4hop_MEN_LOOKUP-CONJ_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "9e7709e13cdcbf1c"}
+{"answer": ["2025-05-12"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "00482a5361c368ed", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_healthcare_0e365d5dcd17", "question": {"start": "Private Consultant, Guelph, Ontario, Canada", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Private Consultant, Guelph, Ontario, Canada\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "00482a5361c368ed"}
+{"answer": ["2025-05-12"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "29d0ffb53cd7f5f6", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_healthcare_11134c24b4f4", "question": {"start": "College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA", "text": "What is the date of the revision received event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "29d0ffb53cd7f5f6"}
+{"answer": ["2025-05-12"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "cb491353725c2783", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_healthcare_5c9abe9303d4", "question": {"start": "cb491353725c2783.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the revision received event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Rural Health Services\" with the PDF document \"cb491353725c2783.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "cb491353725c2783"}
+{"answer": ["2025-05-28"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "29d0ffb53cd7f5f6", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_healthcare_7b7aa7091401", "question": {"start": "Satellite Communications", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the only PDF document whose subject is \"Satellite Communications\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "29d0ffb53cd7f5f6"}
+{"answer": ["2025-08-11"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "cb4bf71103c238bd", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_healthcare_3e906bb61cbc", "question": {"start": "Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Center, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G5, Canada", "text": "What is the date of the revision received event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Center, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G5, Canada\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "cb4bf71103c238bd"}
+{"answer": ["2025-08-11"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "f0f263936c9e2af6", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_healthcare_b52b8d0756ea", "question": {"start": "Parasitology Unit, Alexander von Humboldt Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú", "text": "What is the date of the revision received event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Dental Caries\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Parasitology Unit, Alexander von Humboldt Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "f0f263936c9e2af6"}
+{"answer": ["2025-08-28"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "cb8981abf5091c52", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_healthcare_5f18dad2fde4", "question": {"start": "Nanostructures", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the only PDF document whose subject is \"Nanostructures\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "cb8981abf5091c52"}
+{"answer": ["2025-09-05"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "f627d5c265f18b59", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_healthcare_45fd6d4c4fef", "question": {"start": "School of Nursing and Midwifery, Centre for Health Research University of Southern Queensland Toowoomba Queensland Australia", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"School of Nursing and Midwifery, Centre for Health Research University of Southern Queensland Toowoomba Queensland Australia\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "f627d5c265f18b59"}
+{"answer": ["2025-09-08"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "cb8981abf5091c52", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_healthcare_f67be38cb1fd", "question": {"start": "Group of Chemistry of Advanced Materials (GQMat), Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) Fortaleza Ceará Brazil", "text": "What is the date of the publication electronic event of the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Group of Chemistry of Advanced Materials (GQMat), Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) Fortaleza Ceará Brazil\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "cb8981abf5091c52"}
+{"answer": ["2025-10-15"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "935fdb5fbf456ac4", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_healthcare_95851a21ce40", "question": {"start": "Pandemics", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the only PDF document whose subject is \"Pandemics\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "935fdb5fbf456ac4"}
+{"answer": ["2025-11-07"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "78046ad5ae0eb54d", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_healthcare_5d0c40bac857", "question": {"start": "Private Practice, Luxembourg, Luxembourg", "text": "What is the date of the correction notice event of the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Private Practice, Luxembourg, Luxembourg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "78046ad5ae0eb54d"}
+{"answer": ["2025-11-20"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "ae093d2b5c16849b", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_healthcare_507eaa1ed600", "question": {"start": "Human Papillomavirus Viruses", "text": "What is the date of the publication event of the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Uterine Cervical Neoplasms\" with the only PDF document whose subject is \"Human Papillomavirus Viruses\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "ae093d2b5c16849b"}
+{"answer": ["2026"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "b3b772fbcce39189", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_healthcare_829953e7c4ad", "question": {"start": "Endodontics", "text": "What is the date of the publication print event for the only PDF document whose subject is \"Endodontics\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "b3b772fbcce39189"}
+{"answer": ["2026-01-19"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "e354809e54972ec2", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_healthcare_ab853eb21ce2", "question": {"start": "e354809e54972ec2.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Latin America\" with the PDF document \"e354809e54972ec2.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "e354809e54972ec2"}
+{"answer": ["2026-02-19"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "c642be61d3a5df2f", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_healthcare_11dbb5d9986b", "question": {"start": "Department of Anatomy with Courses, Kazakh-Russian Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Department of Anatomy with Courses, Kazakh-Russian Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "c642be61d3a5df2f"}
+{"answer": ["2026-02-28"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "58fc697074c38928", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_healthcare_9e21d1899b78", "question": {"start": "Terminology as Topic", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the only PDF document whose subject is \"Terminology as Topic\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "58fc697074c38928"}
+{"answer": ["2026-03"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "799b9f117e90e8ef", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_healthcare_27fbb48fc14c", "question": {"start": "Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Ghana Communication Technology University, Accra, Ghana", "text": "What is the date of the publication print event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Uterine Cervical Neoplasms\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Ghana Communication Technology University, Accra, Ghana\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "799b9f117e90e8ef"}
+{"answer": ["2026-03-08"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "f0f263936c9e2af6", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_healthcare_5e39562c068e", "question": {"start": "Faculty of Dentistry, Dentistry School, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Chiclayo, Perú", "text": "When is the acceptance event for the other PDF document that shares the subjects \"Adolescent\" and \"Child\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Faculty of Dentistry, Dentistry School, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Chiclayo, Perú\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_4hop_MEN_LOOKUP-CONJ_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "f0f263936c9e2af6"}
+{"answer": ["2026-03-19"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "29d0ffb53cd7f5f6", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_healthcare_a672c4f16a80", "question": {"start": "Internet", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Rural Health Services\" with the only PDF document whose subject is \"Internet\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "29d0ffb53cd7f5f6"}
+{"answer": ["2026-03-26"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "d36fdde681451d57", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_healthcare_2db99ebb5267", "question": {"start": "University of Lethbridge Library, Lethbridge, Alberta Canada", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Socioeconomic Disparities in Health\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"University of Lethbridge Library, Lethbridge, Alberta Canada\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "d36fdde681451d57"}
+{"answer": ["2026-06-12"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "58972f90fe4c1a0d", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_healthcare_eb06f22f6a5a", "question": {"start": "Maternal Health", "text": "What is the date of the revision received event for the only PDF document whose subject is \"Maternal Health\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "58972f90fe4c1a0d"}
+{"answer": ["2026-06-19"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "2831eda7ad7e8eb3", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_healthcare_9f7a32daa96d", "question": {"start": "Guideline Adherence", "text": "What is the date of the publication event of the only PDF document whose subject is \"Guideline Adherence\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "2831eda7ad7e8eb3"}
+{"answer": ["2026-06-30"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "5d85d2f64dceac91", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_healthcare_f11adf5b1f02", "question": {"start": "Radiology Department, Breast Cancer Center, American Hospital, Dubai, ARE", "text": "What is the date of the correction notice event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Radiology Department, Breast Cancer Center, American Hospital, Dubai, ARE\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "5d85d2f64dceac91"}
+{"answer": ["2026-07-01"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "d16cfc3051d0c1de", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_healthcare_47fb525164a8", "question": {"start": "Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Treatment Outcome\" with the only PDF document whose subject is \"Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "d16cfc3051d0c1de"}
+{"answer": ["2026-07-10"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "4de8b434bf16bc81", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_healthcare_e4eb61d6fce7", "question": {"start": "AECC School of Chiropractic, Health Sciences University, Bournemouth, UK", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the other PDF document that shares the subjects \"Qualitative Research\" and \"United Kingdom\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"AECC School of Chiropractic, Health Sciences University, Bournemouth, UK\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_4hop_MEN_LOOKUP-CONJ_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "4de8b434bf16bc81"}
+{"answer": ["2026-07-10"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "59436ddfe3fe81b1", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_healthcare_41d7a5b044f0", "question": {"start": "School of Law, University of Sheffield, Bartolome House, Winter Street, Sheffield, S3 7ND, United Kingdom", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Female\" and the subject \"United Kingdom\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"School of Law, University of Sheffield, Bartolome House, Winter Street, Sheffield, S3 7ND, United Kingdom\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_4hop_MEN_LOOKUP-CONJ_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "59436ddfe3fe81b1"}
+{"answer": ["2026-07-20"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "7db9adcda32dd089", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_healthcare_0d2b61cf889e", "question": {"start": "The University of Iowa College of Public Health, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"The University of Iowa College of Public Health, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "7db9adcda32dd089"}
+{"answer": ["2026-08-11"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "4dede61e5fa6a256", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_healthcare_623bde9ed9ee", "question": {"start": "Oxford Institute of Applied Health Research, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is 'Oxford Institute of Applied Health Research, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK'?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "4dede61e5fa6a256"}
+{"answer": ["University of Exeter, Exeter, UK"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "4d5d8a4c038abda5", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_healthcare_6d0b4eee3629", "question": {"start": "Health Services for Prisoners", "text": "What is the affiliation of the only PDF document whose subject is \"Health Services for Prisoners\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN", "unit": "4d5d8a4c038abda5"}
diff --git a/release/gold/T3/humanities.jsonl b/release/gold/T3/humanities.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f8bcff3239b5cf2b9bd7a8a532226abde545e9ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/gold/T3/humanities.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+{"answer": ["1864"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "8a4360d526ace40f", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_humanities_918bd45cafa4", "question": {"start": "8a4360d526ace40f.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the object created event for the other image that shares a medium with the image \"8a4360d526ace40f.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "8a4360d526ace40f"}
+{"answer": ["1869"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "9a09ab1159da84ff", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_humanities_c9545ef68fb7", "question": {"start": "graphite, pen and brown ink, and watercolor", "text": "What is the date of the object created event for the only image whose medium is \"graphite, pen and brown ink, and watercolor\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "9a09ab1159da84ff"}
+{"answer": ["1909"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "e769ef6b573879c5", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_humanities_5c0cf4cb1ecc", "question": {"start": "Peru; central coast (?)", "text": "What is the date of the accessioned event for the only image whose culture is \"Peru; central coast (?)\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "e769ef6b573879c5"}
+{"answer": ["1912"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "00e4481f85e54fa5", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_humanities_02552e55a69a", "question": {"start": "00e4481f85e54fa5.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the object created event for the other image that shares a department with the image \"00e4481f85e54fa5.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "00e4481f85e54fa5"}
+{"answer": ["1913"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "c7f91209c8e4cb4d", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_humanities_bc81aff0c233", "question": {"start": "c7f91209c8e4cb4d.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the object created event for the other image that shares a culture with the image \"c7f91209c8e4cb4d.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "c7f91209c8e4cb4d"}
+{"answer": ["1918-06-24"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "d171eed2460895a5", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_humanities_1d0c89525a12", "question": {"start": "carved wood", "text": "What is the date of the accessioned event of the other image that shares a culture with the only image whose medium is \"carved wood\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "d171eed2460895a5"}
+{"answer": ["1931"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "9a1fe32920a77a02", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_humanities_16cdcbaf9b72", "question": {"start": "9a1fe32920a77a02.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the accessioned event of the other image that shares an artist with the image \"9a1fe32920a77a02.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "9a1fe32920a77a02"}
+{"answer": ["1935-01-03"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "6624cdaa5f69ae21", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_humanities_ee0e24f26a08", "question": {"start": "Flanders", "text": "What is the date of the accessioned event for the only image whose culture is \"Flanders\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "6624cdaa5f69ae21"}
+{"answer": ["1954-12-04"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "5d6c41315f32551e", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_humanities_1215996ca8ce", "question": {"start": "ink and graphite", "text": "What is the date of the accessioned event for the only image whose medium is \"ink and graphite\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "5d6c41315f32551e"}
+{"answer": ["1956"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "a7357cba31ff79e3", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_humanities_db715be50586", "question": {"start": "a7357cba31ff79e3.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the accessioned event for the other image that shares the classification \"Prints\" and the medium \"engraving\" with the image \"a7357cba31ff79e3.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_CONJ_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "a7357cba31ff79e3"}
+{"answer": ["1957"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "0412c56960f0f630", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_humanities_4c758c104f1d", "question": {"start": "Etching and engraving; second state of three (Lieure)", "text": "What is the date of the accessioned event for the only image whose medium is \"Etching and engraving; second state of three (Lieure)\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "0412c56960f0f630"}
+{"answer": ["1975"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "a9f826879b25db6c", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_humanities_8dbf59a7dbe5", "question": {"start": "oil on copper", "text": "What is the date of the accessioned event of the other image that shares a medium with the other image that shares a department with the only image whose medium is \"oil on copper\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_4hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN_SHARE-MEN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "a9f826879b25db6c"}
+{"answer": ["2001"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "c914ddf97c4cb358", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_humanities_2d42d579eafd", "question": {"start": "Thailand", "text": "What is the date of the accessioned event for the only image whose culture is \"Thailand\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "c914ddf97c4cb358"}
+{"answer": ["2012-01-01"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "cb8932ffadf2f664", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_humanities_29a3a83ad5d1", "question": {"start": "Oxford Centre for Neuroethics, Uehiro Centre for Practical Philosophy, University of Oxford, OX1, 1PT, Oxford, UK", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Oxford Centre for Neuroethics, Uehiro Centre for Practical Philosophy, University of Oxford, OX1, 1PT, Oxford, UK\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "cb8932ffadf2f664"}
+{"answer": ["2018-02-12"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "374ddbd039809565", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_humanities_6d648d1090ba", "question": {"start": "University of Birmingham", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"University of Birmingham\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "374ddbd039809565"}
+{"answer": ["2020-01-15"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "3a2b07f373052157", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_humanities_7048bb5eabb3", "question": {"start": "Département du Patrimoine et des Collections, Musée du Quai Branly Jacques Chirac, Paris, France", "text": "What is the date of the publication event of the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Département du Patrimoine et des Collections, Musée du Quai Branly Jacques Chirac, Paris, France\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "3a2b07f373052157"}
+{"answer": ["2021-01-01"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "50682711e5a3f243", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_humanities_58162d9f05e7", "question": {"start": "University in Banská Bystrica Faculty of Arts", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"University in Banská Bystrica Faculty of Arts\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "50682711e5a3f243"}
+{"answer": ["2021-12-08"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "593d38beed8c2ff5", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_humanities_3c0ec0c92672", "question": {"start": "Department of Afrikaans and Linguistics, Faculty of Humanities, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark", "text": "What is the date of the correction notice event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Department of Afrikaans and Linguistics, Faculty of Humanities, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "593d38beed8c2ff5"}
+{"answer": ["2023-05-01"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "115b395150f20c17", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_humanities_222407c2d63f", "question": {"start": "Queensland Conservatorium Griffith University (Australia)", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Queensland Conservatorium Griffith University (Australia)\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "115b395150f20c17"}
+{"answer": ["Ceramic"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "ae26031b0bfe4d3a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_humanities_46f441f38b85", "question": {"start": "Copper (cast), gold", "text": "What is the medium of the other image that shares a culture with the only image whose medium is \"Copper (cast), gold\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN_SHARE-MEN", "unit": "ae26031b0bfe4d3a"}
+{"answer": ["Ceramics-Sculpture"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "ae26031b0bfe4d3a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_humanities_cc4d1067bb43", "question": {"start": "ae26031b0bfe4d3a.jpg", "text": "What is the classification of the other image that shares a culture with the image \"ae26031b0bfe4d3a.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_SHARE-MEN", "unit": "ae26031b0bfe4d3a"}
+{"answer": ["Drawing"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "437562ca8ff51d01", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_humanities_a13867887f12", "question": {"start": "437562ca8ff51d01.jpg", "text": "What is the classification of the other image that shares a medium with the image \"437562ca8ff51d01.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_SHARE-MEN", "unit": "437562ca8ff51d01"}
+{"answer": ["England, 19th century"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "872342878bdcf859", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_humanities_66718bcbff8c", "question": {"start": "872342878bdcf859.jpg", "text": "What is the culture of the other image that shares a medium with the image \"872342878bdcf859.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_SHARE-MEN", "unit": "872342878bdcf859"}
+{"answer": ["France, 19th century"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "04496e74be4a630e", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_humanities_0b59fc01ae90", "question": {"start": "lithograph with tint stone, from portfolio of 100 lithographs with tint stone", "text": "What is the culture of the only image whose medium is \"lithograph with tint stone, from portfolio of 100 lithographs with tint stone\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN", "unit": "04496e74be4a630e"}
+{"answer": ["Glass"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "ea59c6d21958ad1d", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_humanities_93134edc769c", "question": {"start": "ea59c6d21958ad1d.jpg", "text": "What is the classification of the other image that shares the culture \"France, Paris\" and the department \"Decorative Art and Design\" with the image \"ea59c6d21958ad1d.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_CONJ_SHARE-MEN", "unit": "ea59c6d21958ad1d"}
+{"answer": ["Italy, 19th century"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "66ab923515a7a313", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_humanities_28eb54cd014e", "question": {"start": "albumen print from collodion negative", "text": "What is the culture of the only image whose medium is \"albumen print from collodion negative\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN", "unit": "66ab923515a7a313"}
+{"answer": ["Jewelry"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "32d4f36d741ceabc", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_humanities_35b4be1f5008", "question": {"start": "32d4f36d741ceabc.jpg", "text": "What is the classification of the other image that shares a culture with the image \"32d4f36d741ceabc.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_SHARE-MEN", "unit": "32d4f36d741ceabc"}
+{"answer": ["Medieval Art"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "577668da3f948f2e", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_humanities_6fa48b87524f", "question": {"start": "Byzantium, Constantinople", "text": "What department does the only image with culture \"Byzantium, Constantinople\" belong to?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN", "unit": "577668da3f948f2e"}
+{"answer": ["Medieval Art"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "62f6c0fdc2cd218d", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_humanities_36c5c4f1ad63", "question": {"start": "Tempera and gold on parchment; leather binding", "text": "What department is associated with the only image whose medium is \"Tempera and gold on parchment; leather binding\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN", "unit": "62f6c0fdc2cd218d"}
+{"answer": ["Metal-Ornaments"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "fa042035f58c4588", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_humanities_e8b99093638d", "question": {"start": "Peru; north coast (?)", "text": "What is the classification of the only image whose culture is \"Peru; north coast (?)\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN", "unit": "fa042035f58c4588"}
+{"answer": ["Moche"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "81a5ed4ac6037412", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_humanities_4074766403eb", "question": {"start": "81a5ed4ac6037412.jpg", "text": "What is the culture of the other image that shares a medium with the image \"81a5ed4ac6037412.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_SHARE-MEN", "unit": "81a5ed4ac6037412"}
+{"answer": ["Photography"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "72aff6beb54d7f97", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_humanities_61221284d343", "question": {"start": "carbon print", "text": "What is the department of the only image whose medium is \"carbon print\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN", "unit": "72aff6beb54d7f97"}
+{"answer": ["Shell (Ranella lampas), fiber"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "9cef21adaa8a8700", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_humanities_7f9558a53569", "question": {"start": "Aerophone-Lip Vibrated-trumpet / trombone", "text": "What is the medium of the only image whose classification is \"Aerophone-Lip Vibrated-trumpet / trombone\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN", "unit": "9cef21adaa8a8700"}
+{"answer": ["South Italy, Locri (?), Greek"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "c9cb64015a40862e", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_humanities_6d20fe3a776d", "question": {"start": "c9cb64015a40862e.jpg", "text": "What is the culture of the other image that shares the classification \"Sculpture\" and the medium \"Bronze\" with the image \"c9cb64015a40862e.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_CONJ_SHARE-MEN", "unit": "c9cb64015a40862e"}
+{"answer": ["Steel, gold, brass, leather, velvet"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "4a253f3d6fc2a2d5", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_humanities_7485d3ba5a87", "question": {"start": "Helmets", "text": "What is the medium of the only image whose classification is \"Helmets\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN", "unit": "4a253f3d6fc2a2d5"}
+{"answer": ["The Michael C. Rockefeller Wing"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "9d7a4de70a5fc51f", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_humanities_6e1b30bac138", "question": {"start": "Bone/Ivory-Sculpture", "text": "What is the department of the only image whose classification is \"Bone/Ivory-Sculpture\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN", "unit": "9d7a4de70a5fc51f"}
+{"answer": ["Yongqi Gu"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "335ad0dc0badbf70", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_humanities_96b4c49a23be", "question": {"start": "Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand", "text": "Who is the author of the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-IDN", "unit": "335ad0dc0badbf70"}
+{"answer": ["gilt and patinated metal"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "3cd41a0a84769130", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_humanities_cb269025ca0e", "question": {"start": "Spain, Colonial, late 17th Century", "text": "What is the medium of the other image that shares a classification with the only image whose culture is \"Spain, Colonial, late 17th Century\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN_SHARE-MEN", "unit": "3cd41a0a84769130"}
+{"answer": ["hanging scroll, ink and color on paper; unmounted"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "cd36078da6797d03", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_humanities_aa4847999a19", "question": {"start": "Korean Art", "text": "What is the medium of the only image whose department is \"Korean Art\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN", "unit": "cd36078da6797d03"}
+{"answer": ["mezzotint"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "f30ab069a504c2bf", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_humanities_8efb2e1d6deb", "question": {"start": "England, 18th century", "text": "What is the medium of the only image whose culture is \"England, 18th century\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN", "unit": "f30ab069a504c2bf"}
+{"answer": ["turned and joined wood, gilded and painted red with applied bone columns and bone inlays, wrought iron hardward"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "humanities", "dossier": "90ac70cef9d679d6", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_humanities_e93fc0e0a7b3", "question": {"start": "France, late 18th-early 19th century", "text": "What is the medium of the other image that shares a classification with the only image whose culture is \"France, late 18th-early 19th century\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN_SHARE-MEN", "unit": "90ac70cef9d679d6"}
diff --git a/release/gold/T3/law.jsonl b/release/gold/T3/law.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..121d2d8dd0d37c63f873c44724ba06d803d01c9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/gold/T3/law.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+{"answer": ["1808"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "918718fdc0991257", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_law_689fd37423c8", "question": {"start": "Q41487", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event for the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q41487\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "918718fdc0991257"}
+{"answer": ["1859"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "9cbd38b59285b321", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_law_9f074650f2ce", "question": {"start": "Deisenbe", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event of the only image whose uploader is \"Deisenbe\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "9cbd38b59285b321"}
+{"answer": ["1902"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "2845e68817593805", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_law_aaabd2c88a59", "question": {"start": "Rcbutcher", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event of the only image whose page creator is \"Rcbutcher\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "2845e68817593805"}
+{"answer": ["1931"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "653fbc08e8e9c5bd", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_law_371d77b1d048", "question": {"start": "W Nowicki", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event of the only image whose uploader is \"W Nowicki\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "653fbc08e8e9c5bd"}
+{"answer": ["1945"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "f4f346723d9fecd7", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_law_bd6f4e708d4b", "question": {"start": "Dove", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event for the other image that shares a depicted subject with the only image whose uploader is \"Dove\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_IDN_LOOKUP-MEN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "f4f346723d9fecd7"}
+{"answer": ["1961-04-24"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "17007edabca73f78", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_law_f9e4bec0a752", "question": {"start": "Q953507", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event for the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q953507\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "17007edabca73f78"}
+{"answer": ["1985"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "991efba1da19a3a4", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_law_d25de8efa4d5", "question": {"start": "Antu Marma", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event for the only image whose uploader is \"Antu Marma\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "991efba1da19a3a4"}
+{"answer": ["2006-09-20"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "7c059d3d90c0bbfc", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_law_38d583ff78f4", "question": {"start": "Q75866", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the other image that shares a depicted subject with the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q75866\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "7c059d3d90c0bbfc"}
+{"answer": ["2006-09-20"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "7c059d3d90c0bbfc", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_law_b2997d03e8bb", "question": {"start": "Q76361", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the other image that shares a depicted subject with the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q76361\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "7c059d3d90c0bbfc"}
+{"answer": ["2006-09-26"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "649476cd68f3663f", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_law_399758345982", "question": {"start": "Nightscream", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event for the only image whose uploader is \"Nightscream\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "649476cd68f3663f"}
+{"answer": ["2008-02-21"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "7268ebe5220e2b7e", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_law_e53256732b53", "question": {"start": "7268ebe5220e2b7e.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the other image that shares an uploader with the image \"7268ebe5220e2b7e.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "7268ebe5220e2b7e"}
+{"answer": ["2008-12-20"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "9b734fd4db5f1d7a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_law_ab117a5d3a96", "question": {"start": "Q92048", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q92048\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "9b734fd4db5f1d7a"}
+{"answer": ["2009-02-01"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "94eddee32da2206c", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_law_a676bfca6e68", "question": {"start": "FightingRaven531", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose credited user is \"FightingRaven531\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "94eddee32da2206c"}
+{"answer": ["2010-04-14"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "a6b4c09c70c23cfc", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_law_ed31b3f3297e", "question": {"start": "a6b4c09c70c23cfc.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event of the other image that shares an uploader with the image \"a6b4c09c70c23cfc.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "a6b4c09c70c23cfc"}
+{"answer": ["2011-08-17"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "25d4eecfbda1ed1a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_law_4d33e3e34d7b", "question": {"start": "25d4eecfbda1ed1a.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event for the other image that shares an uploader with the image \"25d4eecfbda1ed1a.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "25d4eecfbda1ed1a"}
+{"answer": ["2012-01-01"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "17007edabca73f78", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_law_2042be49028c", "question": {"start": "יודוקוליס", "text": "What is the date of the page created event for the only image whose uploader is \"יודוקוליס\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "17007edabca73f78"}
+{"answer": ["2012-04-19"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "2a42608b3ba66b0c", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_law_6d00849388fa", "question": {"start": "Preservapedia", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event for the only image whose uploader is \"Preservapedia\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "2a42608b3ba66b0c"}
+{"answer": ["2012-07-10"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "2ee3259fbaafa8b7", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_law_9956c972f365", "question": {"start": "Chris Light", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event for the only image whose uploader is \"Chris Light\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "2ee3259fbaafa8b7"}
+{"answer": ["2013-05-27"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "b5c0949479348a62", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_law_c6d25c177ef8", "question": {"start": "Ipoellet", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event for the only image whose uploader is \"Ipoellet\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "b5c0949479348a62"}
+{"answer": ["2013-06-04"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "b5c0949479348a62", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_law_58e64eb5dc45", "question": {"start": "Ipoellet", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose uploader is \"Ipoellet\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "b5c0949479348a62"}
+{"answer": ["2013-09-30"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "3b6fedd66bbf24cf", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_law_4c6d760bbc1e", "question": {"start": "Q7891080", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q7891080\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "3b6fedd66bbf24cf"}
+{"answer": ["2014-07-07"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "ea4612ba09cb9502", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_law_bd6fef9983f7", "question": {"start": "ea4612ba09cb9502.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event of the other image that shares a depicted subject with the image \"ea4612ba09cb9502.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "ea4612ba09cb9502"}
+{"answer": ["2016-03-29"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "dd0df3a5e474fed7", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_law_9111b3adbc20", "question": {"start": "Halisdarkstone", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose uploader is \"Halisdarkstone\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "dd0df3a5e474fed7"}
+{"answer": ["2016-08-05"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "1f4dc8a7e8c99c1f", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_law_a41f2c16b9bf", "question": {"start": "Lahti213", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose uploader is \"Lahti213\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "1f4dc8a7e8c99c1f"}
+{"answer": ["2016-08-30"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "4f9c1a5e5634df5a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_law_2a2caf2ba33f", "question": {"start": "4f9c1a5e5634df5a.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the other image that shares the same depicted subject as the image \"4f9c1a5e5634df5a.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "4f9c1a5e5634df5a"}
+{"answer": ["2016-09-14"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "38174c8535a05e9f", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_law_f8ef78cdd361", "question": {"start": "Vanished Account Byeznhpyxeuztibuo", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose uploader is \"Vanished Account Byeznhpyxeuztibuo\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "38174c8535a05e9f"}
+{"answer": ["2016-09-22"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "17817c82427c98bf", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_law_2be712edc80e", "question": {"start": "17817c82427c98bf.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the other image that shares a depicted subject with the image \"17817c82427c98bf.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "17817c82427c98bf"}
+{"answer": ["2020-08-12"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "9cbd38b59285b321", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_law_bd8560572662", "question": {"start": "Deisenbe", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose uploader is \"Deisenbe\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "9cbd38b59285b321"}
+{"answer": ["2021-08-18"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "e3ce822a587fab4c", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_law_1b0383d99a25", "question": {"start": "Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique, Faculty of Public Health, Université catholique de Louvain, Clos Chapelle-aux-champs 30, 1200, Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium", "text": "What is the date of the correction notice event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique, Faculty of Public Health, Université catholique de Louvain, Clos Chapelle-aux-champs 30, 1200, Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "e3ce822a587fab4c"}
+{"answer": ["2021-12-17"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "f59f85797482721f", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_law_f36704695397", "question": {"start": "The Academy of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia", "text": "What is the date of the publication event of the other PDF document that shares an affiliation with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"The Academy of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "f59f85797482721f"}
+{"answer": ["2022-01-02"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "b232f2ce0064dfdc", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_law_89f7a6015fb4", "question": {"start": "Q5571314", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q5571314\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "b232f2ce0064dfdc"}
+{"answer": ["Daderot"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "081ad86e1a33b464", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_law_74cfd0ce71ff", "question": {"start": "Q311197", "text": "Who is the uploader of the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q311197\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-IDN", "unit": "081ad86e1a33b464"}
+{"answer": ["Davepape"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "fef15ef0ceeac434", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_law_7d5f4ad2ba1e", "question": {"start": "Q15966765", "text": "Who is the uploader of the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q15966765\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-IDN", "unit": "fef15ef0ceeac434"}
+{"answer": ["Holly Cheng"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "4d47072352278da4", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_law_07f1ed13da1b", "question": {"start": "Q385941", "text": "Who is the uploader of the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q385941\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-IDN", "unit": "4d47072352278da4"}
+{"answer": ["Jeremy Coggins"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "70109bd36d8448ef", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_law_a1185587859c", "question": {"start": "(School of the Natural & Built Environments, University of South Australia; PhD candidate, University of Adelaide, Australia", "text": "Who is the author of the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"(School of the Natural & Built Environments, University of South Australia; PhD candidate, University of Adelaide, Australia\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-IDN", "unit": "70109bd36d8448ef"}
+{"answer": ["Julio Carvalho"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "ad49b25686b3c8d0", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_law_5dcf1594c1a1", "question": {"start": "Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main , Law School", "text": "Who is the author of the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main , Law School\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-IDN", "unit": "ad49b25686b3c8d0"}
+{"answer": ["Khairil Ikhsan"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "23f0f0280cff8f62", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_law_60bc67f274ad", "question": {"start": "Republik Indonesia, Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 1995 tentang", "text": "Who is the author of the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Republik Indonesia, Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 1995 tentang\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-IDN", "unit": "23f0f0280cff8f62"}
+{"answer": ["Lokal Profil"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "2845e68817593805", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_law_a11156426ef2", "question": {"start": "Q334251", "text": "Who is the uploader of the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q334251\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-IDN", "unit": "2845e68817593805"}
+{"answer": ["Pigsonthewing"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "7c059d3d90c0bbfc", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_law_e20c91826eb1", "question": {"start": "Q76361", "text": "Who is the uploader of the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q76361\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-IDN", "unit": "7c059d3d90c0bbfc"}
+{"answer": ["Q16985978"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "ce3af96ddacc5909", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_law_475e3049475b", "question": {"start": "Q118733550", "text": "What is the depicted subject of the other image that shares an uploader with the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q118733550\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-IDN_SHARE-MEN", "unit": "ce3af96ddacc5909"}
+{"answer": ["Q7196676"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "law", "dossier": "93a2ce797336136c", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_law_9ec7b67c8c67", "question": {"start": "Truflip99", "text": "What is the depicted subject of the only image whose uploader is \"Truflip99\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-MEN", "unit": "93a2ce797336136c"}
diff --git a/release/gold/T3/music.jsonl b/release/gold/T3/music.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6a62aafa9fde179bad27217f0e230ac6c1cb1a72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/gold/T3/music.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+{"answer": ["1711"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "1813a27e36280262", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_music_674cf96158cb", "question": {"start": "Italian (Cremona)", "text": "What is the date of the object created event for the only image whose culture is \"Italian (Cremona)\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "1813a27e36280262"}
+{"answer": ["1726"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "3325917019c5758c", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_music_80347ddc51ad", "question": {"start": "Mandora", "text": "What is the date of the object created event for the only image whose object name is \"Mandora\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "3325917019c5758c"}
+{"answer": ["1889"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "419ff0f46f91c5c4", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_music_49712fb86008", "question": {"start": "Moose Moose (covered form)", "text": "What is the date of the accessioned event for the only image whose object name is \"Moose Moose (covered form)\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "419ff0f46f91c5c4"}
+{"answer": ["1889"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "ae34b0aa0622e2bb", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_music_fd9cfd37ffbb", "question": {"start": "Wood, nickel-silver", "text": "What is the date of the accessioned event for the other image that shares an object name with the only image whose medium is \"Wood, nickel-silver\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "ae34b0aa0622e2bb"}
+{"answer": ["1889"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "c44895c04baadc04", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_music_2f62b699b85e", "question": {"start": "Takumbo", "text": "What is the date of the accessioned event for the only image whose object name is \"Takumbo\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "c44895c04baadc04"}
+{"answer": ["1889"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "dc23699568612649", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_music_77ba7cd43161", "question": {"start": "dc23699568612649.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the accessioned event for the other image that shares the classification \"Aerophone-Reed Vibrated-double reed\" and the medium \"Wood, ivory, metal\" with the image \"dc23699568612649.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_CONJ_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "dc23699568612649"}
+{"answer": ["1911"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "9bfaddc965d6be9a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_music_e94762b44753", "question": {"start": "9bfaddc965d6be9a.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the accessioned event for the other image that shares a medium with the image \"9bfaddc965d6be9a.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "9bfaddc965d6be9a"}
+{"answer": ["1989"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "53fced3613cf5c64", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_music_b8d10802720f", "question": {"start": "Rosewood, spruce, walnut, bone, mother-of-pearl", "text": "What is the date of the accessioned event for the only image whose medium is \"Rosewood, spruce, walnut, bone, mother-of-pearl\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "53fced3613cf5c64"}
+{"answer": ["2024-07-15"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "9a5c80fb444ec610", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_music_12a545af4c63", "question": {"start": "9a5c80fb444ec610.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares an author with the other PDF document that shares the subject \"cs.DL\" with the PDF document \"9a5c80fb444ec610.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_TERM_SHARE-IDN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "9a5c80fb444ec610"}
+{"answer": ["2024-09-09"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "64d9873ee091f7f7", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_music_22c57fccf9b2", "question": {"start": "64d9873ee091f7f7.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event of the other PDF document that shares an author with the PDF document \"64d9873ee091f7f7.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "64d9873ee091f7f7"}
+{"answer": ["Aerophone-Blow Hole-side-blown flute (transverse)"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "dbedb6e7f9ad0e6b", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_music_4e1dbfc7aead", "question": {"start": "Bass Clarinet in C", "text": "What is the classification of the other image that shares a medium with the other image that shares a culture with the only image whose object name is \"Bass Clarinet in C\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_4hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN_SHARE-MEN_SHARE-MEN", "unit": "dbedb6e7f9ad0e6b"}
+{"answer": ["Brass, nickel-silver"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "764e585610410b21", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_music_5a5bb36ea651", "question": {"start": "764e585610410b21.jpg", "text": "What is the medium of the other image that shares a place with the image \"764e585610410b21.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_SHARE-MEN", "unit": "764e585610410b21"}
+{"answer": ["C. Baudouin"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "98aacdbc1292bb3a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_music_0cccac8b1ab6", "question": {"start": "Serpent", "text": "Who is the maker of the only image whose object name is \"Serpent\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-IDN", "unit": "98aacdbc1292bb3a"}
+{"answer": ["Chordophone-Bowed"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "c8481b3c76bb2c63", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_music_caa14012b187", "question": {"start": "Gourd, hide, velvet, shells, brass tacks", "text": "What is the classification of the only image whose medium is \"Gourd, hide, velvet, shells, brass tacks\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN", "unit": "c8481b3c76bb2c63"}
+{"answer": ["Chordophone-Harp"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "6ebdc299a7c9354e", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_music_101e45bb2a5f", "question": {"start": "6ebdc299a7c9354e.jpg", "text": "What is the classification of the other image that shares the culture \"Italian\" and the medium \"Wood, various materials\" with the image \"6ebdc299a7c9354e.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_CONJ_SHARE-MEN", "unit": "6ebdc299a7c9354e"}
+{"answer": ["Chordophone-Lute-plucked-fretted"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "e65ca213af3e4a20", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_music_1c5cdac53a27", "question": {"start": "Probably Austrian", "text": "What is the classification of the only image whose culture is \"Probably Austrian\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN", "unit": "e65ca213af3e4a20"}
+{"answer": ["Chordophone-Lute-plucked-unfretted"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "5b636174a5933e9c", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_music_9067260085d5", "question": {"start": "Coconut shell", "text": "What is the classification of the only image whose medium is \"Coconut shell\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN", "unit": "5b636174a5933e9c"}
+{"answer": ["Chordophone-Zither-struck-piano"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "0ae6a0c5d87c9c1b", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_music_f01dfe4ef325", "question": {"start": "Cherry wood, various materials", "text": "What is the classification of the only image whose medium is \"Cherry wood, various materials\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN", "unit": "0ae6a0c5d87c9c1b"}
+{"answer": ["Congolese"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "fcc4ddcf0ec89dd0", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_music_65c3c7b2e032", "question": {"start": "Bornean", "text": "What is the culture of the other image that shares a classification with the only image whose culture is \"Bornean\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN_SHARE-MEN", "unit": "fcc4ddcf0ec89dd0"}
+{"answer": ["Copper, iron, skin, fabric"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "5460fe5bd5e19af8", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_music_9a2574481a24", "question": {"start": "Indian (north)", "text": "What is the medium of the other image that shares a classification with the only image whose culture is \"Indian (north)\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN_SHARE-MEN", "unit": "5460fe5bd5e19af8"}
+{"answer": ["Dodd workshop"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "ed76a4af380ab39b", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_music_bae895f77bc5", "question": {"start": "Gamba Bow", "text": "Who is the maker of the other image that shares a classification with the only image whose object name is \"Gamba Bow\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN_SHARE-IDN", "unit": "ed76a4af380ab39b"}
+{"answer": ["Idiophone-Struck-bell-clapper"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "369b665ce32f1e5e", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_music_80b6aaeb5e90", "question": {"start": "Clay, reed", "text": "What is the classification of the only image whose medium is \"Clay, reed\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN", "unit": "369b665ce32f1e5e"}
+{"answer": ["Ignaz Bruder"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "fd00ad7f9c49b26a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_music_2bd3e08782b3", "question": {"start": "Clariophone", "text": "Who is the maker of the other image that shares the culture \"German\" and the medium \"Wood, various materials\" with the only image whose object name is \"Clariophone\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_4hop_MEN_LOOKUP-CONJ_SHARE-IDN", "unit": "fd00ad7f9c49b26a"}
+{"answer": ["Iron"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "7c01286f21b41c1f", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_music_116056d1167f", "question": {"start": "7c01286f21b41c1f.jpg", "text": "What is the medium of the other image that shares the culture \"Chinese\" and the object name \"Bell\" with the image \"7c01286f21b41c1f.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_CONJ_SHARE-MEN", "unit": "7c01286f21b41c1f"}
+{"answer": ["Joachim Tielke"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "23f40b0cb7b790ee", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_music_60fc131a9d25", "question": {"start": "Spruce, maple", "text": "Who created the only image whose medium is \"Spruce, maple\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-IDN", "unit": "23f40b0cb7b790ee"}
+{"answer": ["Lithographic Plate"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "5fb280dfa19b849a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_music_8c10271d3c9d", "question": {"start": "Lithographs", "text": "What is the object name of the only image whose medium is \"Lithographs\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN", "unit": "5fb280dfa19b849a"}
+{"answer": ["Max Stiegler"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "df2c6908ca678005", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_music_5aa59e74dcba", "question": {"start": "Clavichord", "text": "Who is the maker of the other image that shares the culture \"German\" and the medium \"Various materials\" with the only image whose object name is \"Clavichord\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_4hop_MEN_LOOKUP-CONJ_SHARE-IDN", "unit": "df2c6908ca678005"}
+{"answer": ["Membranophone-single-headed / waisted drum"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "98b32267f8dddcb3", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_music_6b2c188411d2", "question": {"start": "Aje", "text": "What is the classification of the only image whose object name is \"Aje\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN", "unit": "98b32267f8dddcb3"}
+{"answer": ["Moroccan"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "c5a7bbecca11b129", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_music_0107ccdc4880", "question": {"start": "c5a7bbecca11b129.jpg", "text": "What is the culture of the other image that shares a medium with the image that shares a classification with the image \"c5a7bbecca11b129.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_MEN_SHARE-MEN_SHARE-MEN", "unit": "c5a7bbecca11b129"}
+{"answer": ["Musical Instruments"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "902cdb4d744dd9ad", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_music_e54d0f399a2b", "question": {"start": "\"Musical Ball\" (\"Return Ball\")", "text": "What is the department of the only image whose object name is \"Musical Ball\" (\"Return Ball\")?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN", "unit": "902cdb4d744dd9ad"}
+{"answer": ["Musical Instruments"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "ae34b0aa0622e2bb", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_music_64480ed3ed86", "question": {"start": "Wood, nickel-silver", "text": "What department is associated with the only image whose medium is \"Wood, nickel-silver\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN", "unit": "ae34b0aa0622e2bb"}
+{"answer": ["Musical Instruments"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "d835ce1554218486", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_music_68db2d9802c5", "question": {"start": "possibly French", "text": "What is the department of the only image whose culture is \"possibly French\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN", "unit": "d835ce1554218486"}
+{"answer": ["Musical Instruments"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "dffbbfd6ed6b1ffe", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_music_e3585abff01b", "question": {"start": "Beninese", "text": "What is the department of the only image whose culture is \"Beninese\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN", "unit": "dffbbfd6ed6b1ffe"}
+{"answer": ["N. N. Federov"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "2a9abd060dd28527", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_music_81f66fc5d304", "question": {"start": "2a9abd060dd28527.jpg", "text": "Who is the maker of the other image that shares the classification \"Aerophone-Lip Vibrated-horn\" and the culture \"Russian\" with the image \"2a9abd060dd28527.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_CONJ_SHARE-IDN", "unit": "2a9abd060dd28527"}
+{"answer": ["Violoncello Bow"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "dc60f9cfc8003f85", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_music_7b4626a862ab", "question": {"start": "Wood, other materials", "text": "What is the object name of the only image whose medium is \"Wood, other materials\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN", "unit": "dc60f9cfc8003f85"}
+{"answer": ["Watercolor of musician playing bo"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "d0bd144d8d385541", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_music_9780d5445780", "question": {"start": "Watercolor of musician playing jingu", "text": "What is the object name of the other image that shares a medium with the only image whose object name is \"Watercolor of musician playing jingu\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN_SHARE-MEN", "unit": "d0bd144d8d385541"}
+{"answer": ["Wood and skin."], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "21f4646d00f39de8", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_music_e851c8b27fab", "question": {"start": "possibly Saudi or Syrian", "text": "What is the medium of the only image whose culture is \"possibly Saudi or Syrian\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN", "unit": "21f4646d00f39de8"}
+{"answer": ["Wood, bladder?, bone, mother-of-pearl"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "5d81664e411aede2", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_music_c29f478a0395", "question": {"start": "Tār (tār-e qavazi)", "text": "What is the medium of the only image whose object name is \"Tār (tār-e qavazi)\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN", "unit": "5d81664e411aede2"}
+{"answer": ["Wood, metal"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "6210955880100e42", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_music_36a2a21eea90", "question": {"start": "6210955880100e42.jpg", "text": "What is the medium of the other image that shares a classification with the image \"6210955880100e42.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_SHARE-MEN", "unit": "6210955880100e42"}
+{"answer": ["Wood, skin, fiber cord"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "43dc7efe02f8a4f9", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_music_32ba468c6ca2", "question": {"start": "Native American (Guyanese: Demerara)", "text": "What is the medium of the only image whose culture is \"Native American (Guyanese: Demerara)\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN", "unit": "43dc7efe02f8a4f9"}
+{"answer": ["papier mâché and other materials"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "music", "dossier": "ceae98b750793bc3", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_music_7fdcefd9b565", "question": {"start": "Music Box", "text": "What is the medium of the other image that shares a classification with the only image whose object name is \"Music Box\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN_SHARE-MEN", "unit": "ceae98b750793bc3"}
diff --git a/release/gold/T3/politics.jsonl b/release/gold/T3/politics.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c8e87b1a0e5d73436ed229303e0c607e8cb974e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/gold/T3/politics.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+{"answer": ["1926"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "8ccfb56336fd4f79", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_politics_109218a9e5db", "question": {"start": "Ooligan", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event of the only image whose uploader is \"Ooligan\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "8ccfb56336fd4f79"}
+{"answer": ["1962-11-01"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "5598f1687106dbed", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_politics_2565c299942d", "question": {"start": "5598f1687106dbed.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event of the other image that shares an uploader with the image \"5598f1687106dbed.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "5598f1687106dbed"}
+{"answer": ["2001-01-17"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "e66dc889e0502869", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_politics_510f160e5c7d", "question": {"start": "e66dc889e0502869.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Economic Policy\", the subject \"Intelligence and National Security\" and the subject \"National Defense\" with the PDF document \"e66dc889e0502869.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_4hop_CONJ_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "e66dc889e0502869"}
+{"answer": ["2006-10-21"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "3d56cec6c8d19cd0", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_politics_a2fd7eb35d88", "question": {"start": "3d56cec6c8d19cd0.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event of the other image that shares an uploader with the image \"3d56cec6c8d19cd0.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "3d56cec6c8d19cd0"}
+{"answer": ["2007-01-12"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "fce5444a83626ef2", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_politics_55ab2eba58dd", "question": {"start": "Q1289889", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event for the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q1289889\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "fce5444a83626ef2"}
+{"answer": ["2008-12-23"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "4e3d26fc6f8fca87", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_politics_7db0b7163ccf", "question": {"start": "4e3d26fc6f8fca87.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the other PDF document that shares the subjects \"Economic Policy\", \"Energy Policy\", and \"Foreign Affairs\" with the PDF document \"4e3d26fc6f8fca87.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_4hop_CONJ_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "4e3d26fc6f8fca87"}
+{"answer": ["2010-05-21"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "6a7827ef2ee1d0bd", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_politics_11f1ce140110", "question": {"start": "PawełMM", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose uploader is \"PawełMM\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "6a7827ef2ee1d0bd"}
+{"answer": ["2010-09-16"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "9c603c0b21d88201", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_politics_a0e3dd5c2c12", "question": {"start": "SiarFisher", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event for the only image whose uploader is \"SiarFisher\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "9c603c0b21d88201"}
+{"answer": ["2012-10-14"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "248be1fda0f07d70", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_politics_ab48d06c1880", "question": {"start": "Petri Krohn", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event for the only image whose uploader is \"Petri Krohn\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "248be1fda0f07d70"}
+{"answer": ["2012-12-20"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "e78e9ffe36a355c0", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_politics_09eeec95174a", "question": {"start": "e78e9ffe36a355c0.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event of the other image that shares a page creator with the image \"e78e9ffe36a355c0.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "e78e9ffe36a355c0"}
+{"answer": ["2012-12-23"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "8f84b0d504e75d79", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_politics_10a7a8ad279e", "question": {"start": "Ranbar", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose uploader is \"Ranbar\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "8f84b0d504e75d79"}
+{"answer": ["2013-01-09"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "4eb0a0194dcceb53", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_politics_4c201851a285", "question": {"start": "Golfpecks256", "text": "What is the date of the page created event for the other image that shares a page creator with the only image whose uploader is \"Golfpecks256\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_IDN_LOOKUP-IDN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "4eb0a0194dcceb53"}
+{"answer": ["2013-10-23"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "2b9b6e109e8618e2", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_politics_c0dbffbce818", "question": {"start": "Q771586", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event for the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q771586\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "2b9b6e109e8618e2"}
+{"answer": ["2013-10-26"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "b67feed03922afbc", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_politics_4f88db6fbb69", "question": {"start": "Q434890", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event for the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q434890\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "b67feed03922afbc"}
+{"answer": ["2014-02"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "788aaf3e345a5c68", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_politics_766134ed7f72", "question": {"start": "Debt Markets", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the only PDF document whose subject is \"Debt Markets\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "788aaf3e345a5c68"}
+{"answer": ["2014-02"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "788aaf3e345a5c68", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_politics_9e5e3a54d417", "question": {"start": "E-Government", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the only PDF document whose subject is \"E-Government\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "788aaf3e345a5c68"}
+{"answer": ["2014-04-13"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "640293105e11653f", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_politics_5d6eb1570ce2", "question": {"start": "Mjrmtg", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose uploader is \"Mjrmtg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "640293105e11653f"}
+{"answer": ["2015-01-14"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "50dcee6190689636", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_politics_037312a4f020", "question": {"start": "50dcee6190689636.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the other PDF document that shares a subject with the PDF document \"50dcee6190689636.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "50dcee6190689636"}
+{"answer": ["2015-04-21"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "54f7f979ce2a4d7f", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_politics_9a2708342ff8", "question": {"start": "IagoQnsi", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event for the only image whose uploader is \"IagoQnsi\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "54f7f979ce2a4d7f"}
+{"answer": ["2016-03-31"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "90e281595c3a091a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_politics_1599dec5c93b", "question": {"start": "Infrogmation", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose page creator is \"Infrogmation\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "90e281595c3a091a"}
+{"answer": ["2016-12-11"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "2f995c9fdbe1a6b8", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_politics_0a358029db93", "question": {"start": "Commport", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose uploader is \"Commport\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "2f995c9fdbe1a6b8"}
+{"answer": ["2017-01-10"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "cd7896c284b1ed48", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_politics_01dcbc2bd167", "question": {"start": "Kingofthedead", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose uploader is \"Kingofthedead\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "cd7896c284b1ed48"}
+{"answer": ["2018-06-05"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "4b919602e522665b", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_politics_0d5115b531e4", "question": {"start": "Mbeim", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose uploader is \"Mbeim\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "4b919602e522665b"}
+{"answer": ["2018-06-24"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "cc1922aa77e87420", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_politics_e1f25d3d8159", "question": {"start": "Q308194", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event for the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q308194\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "cc1922aa77e87420"}
+{"answer": ["2018-08-09"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "54f7f979ce2a4d7f", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_politics_73222b70be83", "question": {"start": "Q186215", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q186215\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "54f7f979ce2a4d7f"}
+{"answer": ["2019-01-31"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "b49ba2f9b96459bd", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_politics_cd9610205862", "question": {"start": "E1142", "text": "What is the date of the page created event for the only image whose page creator is \"E1142\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "b49ba2f9b96459bd"}
+{"answer": ["2019-09-03"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "fdcd90756172645e", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_politics_74b660497938", "question": {"start": "Kiwichris", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose uploader is \"Kiwichris\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "fdcd90756172645e"}
+{"answer": ["2019-09-29"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "bf27a78a0d86f5e2", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_politics_621cf29d8a54", "question": {"start": "Q686540", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event for the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q686540\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "bf27a78a0d86f5e2"}
+{"answer": ["2021-01-03"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "60566c1327fc26a7", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_politics_238feee31456", "question": {"start": "Q60190894", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event for the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q60190894\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "60566c1327fc26a7"}
+{"answer": ["2021-03-12"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "ffb474d7dc479386", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_politics_40444ee27958", "question": {"start": "ffb474d7dc479386.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the other image that shares a depicted subject with the image \"ffb474d7dc479386.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "ffb474d7dc479386"}
+{"answer": ["2021-07-07"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "8ccfb56336fd4f79", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_politics_8bac21fa1e04", "question": {"start": "Ooligan", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event of the only image whose uploader is \"Ooligan\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "8ccfb56336fd4f79"}
+{"answer": ["2022-08-07"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "367e081a1d1f99d7", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_politics_d6d16eac12c8", "question": {"start": "Putitonamap98", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event of the only image whose uploader is \"Putitonamap98\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "367e081a1d1f99d7"}
+{"answer": ["Alakasam"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "a5935c7cbf3d1033", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_politics_c58518eb91f1", "question": {"start": "Poiche", "text": "Who is the credited user of the only image whose uploader is \"Poiche\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-IDN", "unit": "a5935c7cbf3d1033"}
+{"answer": ["Dahn"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "a99096c33322ea19", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_politics_ce2ff59b909e", "question": {"start": "Bogdan", "text": "Who is the uploader of the only image whose page creator is \"Bogdan\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-IDN", "unit": "a99096c33322ea19"}
+{"answer": ["Lupus in Saxonia"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "93c9314c2ea4a0f4", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_politics_eebeffea958f", "question": {"start": "Renamed user f4ce3b16f79cb96621a27f6033316c48", "text": "Who is the credited user of the only image whose uploader is \"Renamed user f4ce3b16f79cb96621a27f6033316c48\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-IDN", "unit": "93c9314c2ea4a0f4"}
+{"answer": ["Mictlancihuatl"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "cc99295ea0552350", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_politics_ecb326ad38f7", "question": {"start": "Q586", "text": "Who is the uploader of the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q586\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-IDN", "unit": "cc99295ea0552350"}
+{"answer": ["Q2540347"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "667be9777e9299a7", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_politics_6797f8a9f813", "question": {"start": "Remitamine", "text": "What is the depicted subject of the only image whose uploader is \"Remitamine\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-MEN", "unit": "667be9777e9299a7"}
+{"answer": ["RandomUserGuy1738"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "ae2eb3740556ab0f", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_politics_0890d0d48b63", "question": {"start": "Q101197341", "text": "Who uploaded the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q101197341\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-IDN", "unit": "ae2eb3740556ab0f"}
+{"answer": ["Taterian"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "90e281595c3a091a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_politics_514c669975a2", "question": {"start": "Infrogmation", "text": "Who uploaded the only image whose page creator is \"Infrogmation\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_IDN_LOOKUP-IDN", "unit": "90e281595c3a091a"}
+{"answer": ["The joy of all things"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "2f543bf8af927bf1", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_politics_f03592e33c10", "question": {"start": "Q7982966", "text": "Who is the uploader of the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q7982966\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-IDN", "unit": "2f543bf8af927bf1"}
+{"answer": ["Tktru"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "politics", "dossier": "bc0a483ac2d9e789", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_politics_df561417a738", "question": {"start": "Q218544", "text": "Who is the uploader of the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q218544\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-IDN", "unit": "bc0a483ac2d9e789"}
diff --git a/release/gold/T3/psychology.jsonl b/release/gold/T3/psychology.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c2d1eb1452929d3acd085d3aba0071f414901bda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/gold/T3/psychology.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{"answer": ["1724"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "a65cdf3eb4b3e434", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_psychology_58218112a277", "question": {"start": "a65cdf3eb4b3e434.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the produced event of the other image that shares the subject \"Coffins\" and the subject \"Death\" with the image \"a65cdf3eb4b3e434.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_CONJ_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "a65cdf3eb4b3e434"}
+{"answer": ["1773"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "f482552b20697574", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_psychology_f2025b0aa986", "question": {"start": "f482552b20697574.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the produced event for the other image that shares a contributor with the image that shares the subject \"Socrates\" with the image \"f482552b20697574.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_TERM_SHARE-IDN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "f482552b20697574"}
+{"answer": ["1783-06-04"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "8289513a04dc92bd", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_psychology_0ee970f56445", "question": {"start": "8289513a04dc92bd.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the produced event for the other image that shares the subject \"Dangerously mentally ill\" with the image \"8289513a04dc92bd.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "8289513a04dc92bd"}
+{"answer": ["1821"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "e7ba6db886065481", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_psychology_066f5a4c2d81", "question": {"start": "e7ba6db886065481.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the produced event for the other image that shares the genre \"Ink drawings\" and the subject \"Emotions\" with the image \"e7ba6db886065481.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_CONJ_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "e7ba6db886065481"}
+{"answer": ["1826-08-01"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "add8ee686420bd35", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_psychology_af159f8dd348", "question": {"start": "John Thurtell", "text": "What is the date of the produced event for the other image that shares a contributor with the only image whose subject is \"John Thurtell\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-IDN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "add8ee686420bd35"}
+{"answer": ["1826-08-01"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "add8ee686420bd35", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_psychology_eb332ca07ae3", "question": {"start": "Private libraries", "text": "What is the date of the produced event for the other image that shares a contributor with the only image whose subject is \"Private libraries\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-IDN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "add8ee686420bd35"}
+{"answer": ["1842"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "2846a7e43a0b91ef", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_psychology_42c3ba6e8bb6", "question": {"start": "2846a7e43a0b91ef.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the produced event for the other image that shares the genre \"Lithographs\", the subject \"Brain\" and the subject \"Head\" with the image \"2846a7e43a0b91ef.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_4hop_CONJ_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "2846a7e43a0b91ef"}
+{"answer": ["1860"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "54382190f2ee689e", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_psychology_afc9746e8eb0", "question": {"start": "54382190f2ee689e.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the produced event for the other image that shares the genre \"Wood engravings\" and the subject \"Bethlem Royal Hospital\" with the image \"54382190f2ee689e.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_CONJ_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "54382190f2ee689e"}
+{"answer": ["1902"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "879a3c758dea3fb3", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_psychology_8e091a317606", "question": {"start": "879a3c758dea3fb3.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the produced event for the other image that shares the genre \"Paintings\" and the subject \"Head\" with the image \"879a3c758dea3fb3.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_CONJ_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "879a3c758dea3fb3"}
+{"answer": ["2023-10-23"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "2ac55953f17853fa", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_psychology_d52a8e2c1b5b", "question": {"start": "Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway", "text": "What is the date of the correction notice for the sole PDF document whose affiliation is \"Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "2ac55953f17853fa"}
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+{"answer": ["2026-04-08"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "a51365af96796652", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_psychology_78d8aafe174c", "question": {"start": "Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada", "text": "What is the date of the correction notice event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "a51365af96796652"}
+{"answer": ["2026-04-16"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "092eb814dc07cfb1", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_psychology_cce862984bd8", "question": {"start": "Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Baggiovara Hospital, 41126 Modena, Italy; (T.U.); (R.B.)", "text": "What is the date of the correction notice event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Baggiovara Hospital, 41126 Modena, Italy; (T.U.); (R.B.)\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "092eb814dc07cfb1"}
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+{"answer": ["2026-05-11"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "2041a33176262ced", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_psychology_d2656fd93df3", "question": {"start": "Grape and Wine Technological Centre, Experimental Farm of Caldas, Agricultural Research Company of Minas Gerais, Avenida Santa Cruz, 500, Caldas 37780-000, Brazil", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Grape and Wine Technological Centre, Experimental Farm of Caldas, Agricultural Research Company of Minas Gerais, Avenida Santa Cruz, 500, Caldas 37780-000, Brazil\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "2041a33176262ced"}
+{"answer": ["2026-05-18"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "27197ca43807e3f4", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_psychology_c6946bdb8992", "question": {"start": "Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology Abu Dhabi 127788 United Arab Emirates", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology Abu Dhabi 127788 United Arab Emirates\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "27197ca43807e3f4"}
+{"answer": ["2026-06-01"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "a5fc5bdf03b56222", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_psychology_695ac3659ecc", "question": {"start": "German CSF Center, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"German CSF Center, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "a5fc5bdf03b56222"}
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+{"answer": ["2026-07-21"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "cf6ad6a0eb6fc271", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_psychology_f9f64ebd98a2", "question": {"start": "Machine Learning", "text": "What is the date of the publication print event for the only PDF document whose subject is \"Machine Learning\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "cf6ad6a0eb6fc271"}
+{"answer": ["2026-08-10"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "34b2c2eb86d2caa7", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_psychology_69852b9ba251", "question": {"start": "Adolescent Behavior", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the only PDF document whose subject is \"Adolescent Behavior\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "34b2c2eb86d2caa7"}
+{"answer": ["2026-08-14"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "ef489c4548661df2", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_psychology_d774e3f7618e", "question": {"start": "Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica Unidad Culhuacán, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Avenida Santa Ana 1000, San Francisco Culhuacán, Colonia Culhuacán CTM V, Alcaldía Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04440, Mexico", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica Unidad Culhuacán, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Avenida Santa Ana 1000, San Francisco Culhuacán, Colonia Culhuacán CTM V, Alcaldía Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04440, Mexico\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "ef489c4548661df2"}
+{"answer": ["2026-08-17"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "e8ff81b7c4bd8e4a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_psychology_9eb885d2e0a9", "question": {"start": "Consumer Psychology", "text": "What is the date of the publication event of the only PDF document whose subject is \"Consumer Psychology\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "e8ff81b7c4bd8e4a"}
+{"answer": ["2026-08-27"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "4253453eba7e36fc", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_psychology_84ee7e24b37c", "question": {"start": "Rats", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the only PDF document whose subject is \"Rats\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-EVT", "unit": "4253453eba7e36fc"}
+{"answer": ["Emile Wauters"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "dd19b74f423b6aea", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_psychology_42863132a465", "question": {"start": "Body armor", "text": "Who is the contributor of the other image that shares the subject \"Music Therapy\" with the only image whose subject is \"Body armor\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-IDN", "unit": "dd19b74f423b6aea"}
+{"answer": ["George Cruikshank"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "47d7897859151eba", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_psychology_291c6e62b7fb", "question": {"start": "47d7897859151eba.jpg", "text": "Who is the contributor of the other image that shares a contributor with the other image that shares the genre \"Etchings\" and the subject \"House furnishings\" with the image \"47d7897859151eba.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_4hop_CONJ_SHARE-IDN_SHARE-IDN", "unit": "47d7897859151eba"}
+{"answer": ["George Glover"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "45103039fb1db7dc", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_psychology_d126deed2f49", "question": {"start": "Suffering", "text": "Who is the contributor of the only image whose subject is \"Suffering\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-IDN", "unit": "45103039fb1db7dc"}
+{"answer": ["George Wingrove Cooke"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "535eac4a774dc702", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_psychology_9b209e47a3e7", "question": {"start": "Incense", "text": "Who is the contributor of the only image whose subject is \"Incense\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-IDN", "unit": "535eac4a774dc702"}
+{"answer": ["Steel engravings"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "dd19b74f423b6aea", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T3_psychology_7c19d6117690", "question": {"start": "Body armor", "text": "What is the genre of the only image whose subject is \"Body armor\"?"}, "task": "T3", "template": "t3_2hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN", "unit": "dd19b74f423b6aea"}
diff --git a/release/gold/T4/healthcare.jsonl b/release/gold/T4/healthcare.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ea546b4d63ee6aa04013344afc8f3adaad23aadc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/gold/T4/healthcare.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+{"answer": ["1932"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "34b2c2eb86d2caa7", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_293fdcc71a36", "question": {"start": "Risk-Taking", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Nurses\" with the only PDF document whose subject is \"Risk-Taking\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "34b2c2eb86d2caa7"}
+{"answer": ["1932"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "34b2c2eb86d2caa7", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_4422cf391311", "question": {"start": "Departement of Mental Health and Community Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Nurses\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Departement of Mental Health and Community Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "34b2c2eb86d2caa7"}
+{"answer": ["1932"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "34b2c2eb86d2caa7", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_46c0c81762c4", "question": {"start": "Violence", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Nurses\" with the only PDF document whose subject is \"Violence\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "34b2c2eb86d2caa7"}
+{"answer": ["1932"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "34b2c2eb86d2caa7", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_66ba3fcbcaad", "question": {"start": "34b2c2eb86d2caa7.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Nurses\" with the PDF document \"34b2c2eb86d2caa7.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_2hop_TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "34b2c2eb86d2caa7"}
+{"answer": ["1932"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "34b2c2eb86d2caa7", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_99ba15a75e80", "question": {"start": "Doctoral Program, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Palembang City, South of Sumatera, Indonesia", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Nurses\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Doctoral Program, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Palembang City, South of Sumatera, Indonesia\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "34b2c2eb86d2caa7"}
+{"answer": ["1932"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "34b2c2eb86d2caa7", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_cc7e24a10bf9", "question": {"start": "Nursing Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, South of Sumatera, Indonesia", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Nurses\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Nursing Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, South of Sumatera, Indonesia\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "34b2c2eb86d2caa7"}
+{"answer": ["1932"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "34b2c2eb86d2caa7", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_e8e39a839e23", "question": {"start": "Adolescent Behavior", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Nurses\" with the only PDF document whose subject is \"Adolescent Behavior\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "34b2c2eb86d2caa7"}
+{"answer": ["1975"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "66df612ef060e32a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_190e61f5aaaa", "question": {"start": "Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health including UNDP/UNFPA/ UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Family Planning Services\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health including UNDP/UNFPA/ UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "66df612ef060e32a"}
+{"answer": ["1975"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "66df612ef060e32a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_522a4c67aedc", "question": {"start": "Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Ramses Street, Cairo, Egypt", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Family Planning Services\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Ramses Street, Cairo, Egypt\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "66df612ef060e32a"}
+{"answer": ["1975"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "66df612ef060e32a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_7e883c5c9c14", "question": {"start": "Health Services", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Family Planning Services\" with the only PDF document whose subject is \"Health Services\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "66df612ef060e32a"}
+{"answer": ["1975"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "66df612ef060e32a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_8a1379684fed", "question": {"start": "Contraception", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Family Planning Services\" with the only PDF document whose subject is \"Contraception\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "66df612ef060e32a"}
+{"answer": ["1975"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "66df612ef060e32a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_93ddf969c134", "question": {"start": "66df612ef060e32a.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Family Planning Services\" with the PDF document \"66df612ef060e32a.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_2hop_TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "66df612ef060e32a"}
+{"answer": ["1975"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "66df612ef060e32a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_9b07a37b18de", "question": {"start": "Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt", "text": "What is the date of the image created event of the other image that shares the subject \"Family Planning Services\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "66df612ef060e32a"}
+{"answer": ["1975"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "66df612ef060e32a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_df597b68f840", "question": {"start": "Contraceptive Agents", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Family Planning Services\" with the only PDF document whose subject is \"Contraceptive Agents\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "66df612ef060e32a"}
+{"answer": ["1999"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "7a99e5406466bd7b", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_41d380fa8c99", "question": {"start": "Department of Development Economics, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Australia\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Department of Development Economics, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "7a99e5406466bd7b"}
+{"answer": ["1999"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "7a99e5406466bd7b", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_4d782dcd7471", "question": {"start": "North America", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Australia\" with the only PDF document whose subject is \"North America\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "7a99e5406466bd7b"}
+{"answer": ["1999"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "7a99e5406466bd7b", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_5add09693c3a", "question": {"start": "Reproductive Techniques, Assisted", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Australia\" with the only PDF document whose subject is \"Reproductive Techniques, Assisted\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "7a99e5406466bd7b"}
+{"answer": ["1999"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "7a99e5406466bd7b", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_634d5adaf171", "question": {"start": "Mines Paristech, Paris, France", "text": "What is the date of the image created event of the other image that shares the subject \"Australia\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Mines Paristech, Paris, France\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "7a99e5406466bd7b"}
+{"answer": ["1999"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "7a99e5406466bd7b", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_643f13034adb", "question": {"start": "SIRIS Lab, Research Division of SIRIS Academic, Barcelona, Spain", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Australia\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"SIRIS Lab, Research Division of SIRIS Academic, Barcelona, Spain\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "7a99e5406466bd7b"}
+{"answer": ["1999"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "7a99e5406466bd7b", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_674c72ba5733", "question": {"start": "University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Australia\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "7a99e5406466bd7b"}
+{"answer": ["1999"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "7a99e5406466bd7b", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_7eefe8c9d29b", "question": {"start": "Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Australia\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "7a99e5406466bd7b"}
+{"answer": ["1999"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "7a99e5406466bd7b", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_a1eea2409a50", "question": {"start": "Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA", "text": "What is the date of the image created event of the other image that shares the subject \"Australia\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "7a99e5406466bd7b"}
+{"answer": ["1999"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "7a99e5406466bd7b", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_a9a8bcbadaa8", "question": {"start": "Europe", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Australia\" with the only PDF document whose subject is \"Europe\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "7a99e5406466bd7b"}
+{"answer": ["1999"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "7a99e5406466bd7b", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_bbdbe80b95db", "question": {"start": "7a99e5406466bd7b.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the image created event of the other image that shares the subject \"Australia\" with the PDF document \"7a99e5406466bd7b.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_2hop_TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "7a99e5406466bd7b"}
+{"answer": ["2011"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "aaa54f6601de5057", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_1ac4b8476842", "question": {"start": "Outcome Assessment, Health Care", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only PDF document whose subject is \"Outcome Assessment, Health Care\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "aaa54f6601de5057"}
+{"answer": ["2011"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "aaa54f6601de5057", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_4c3a2a06b86d", "question": {"start": "Oxford Institute of Clinical Psychology Training and Research University of Oxford Oxford UK", "text": "What is the date of the image created event of the other image that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Oxford Institute of Clinical Psychology Training and Research University of Oxford Oxford UK\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "aaa54f6601de5057"}
+{"answer": ["2011"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "aaa54f6601de5057", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_59190c7d46b1", "question": {"start": "aaa54f6601de5057.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject 'Caregivers' with the PDF document 'aaa54f6601de5057.pdf'?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_2hop_TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "aaa54f6601de5057"}
+{"answer": ["2011"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "aaa54f6601de5057", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_9b883ea000ce", "question": {"start": "Department of Public Health, Policy, and Systems, Institute of Population Health, Policy, and Systems University of Liverpool Liverpool UK", "text": "What is the date of the image created event of the other image that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Department of Public Health, Policy, and Systems, Institute of Population Health, Policy, and Systems University of Liverpool Liverpool UK\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "aaa54f6601de5057"}
+{"answer": ["2011"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "aaa54f6601de5057", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_a48832189371", "question": {"start": "Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology University of Liverpool The Clinical Sciences Centre, Aintree Hospital Site, Lower Lane Liverpool L9 7AL UK", "text": "What is the date of the image created event of the other image that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology University of Liverpool The Clinical Sciences Centre, Aintree Hospital Site, Lower Lane Liverpool L9 7AL UK\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "aaa54f6601de5057"}
+{"answer": ["2011"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "aaa54f6601de5057", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_afbd2ead2544", "question": {"start": "Department of Neurology Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust Liverpool UK", "text": "What is the date of the image created event of the other image that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Department of Neurology Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust Liverpool UK\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "aaa54f6601de5057"}
+{"answer": ["2011"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "aaa54f6601de5057", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_be243ba811ec", "question": {"start": "Epilepsy", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only PDF document whose subject is \"Epilepsy\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "aaa54f6601de5057"}
+{"answer": ["2015"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "180a75df824d6c95", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_0783684bec9c", "question": {"start": "180a75df824d6c95.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the image created event of the other image that shares the subject \"Refugees\" with the PDF document \"180a75df824d6c95.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_2hop_TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "180a75df824d6c95"}
+{"answer": ["2015"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "180a75df824d6c95", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_0f0d74bddef5", "question": {"start": "Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Refugees\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "180a75df824d6c95"}
+{"answer": ["2015"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "180a75df824d6c95", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_102bbbe1f7ed", "question": {"start": "Asia, Southeastern", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Refugees\" with the only PDF document whose subject is \"Asia, Southeastern\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "180a75df824d6c95"}
+{"answer": ["2015"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "180a75df824d6c95", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_42780dcefbd0", "question": {"start": "Public Health, Monash University, Banten, Indonesia", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Refugees\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Public Health, Monash University, Banten, Indonesia\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "180a75df824d6c95"}
+{"answer": ["2015"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "180a75df824d6c95", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_a29742d723ea", "question": {"start": "Public Policy and Management, Monash University, Banten, Indonesia", "text": "What is the date of the image created event of the other image that shares the subject \"Refugees\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Public Policy and Management, Monash University, Banten, Indonesia\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "180a75df824d6c95"}
+{"answer": ["2015"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "180a75df824d6c95", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_c1d008fb68f7", "question": {"start": "School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia", "text": "What is the date of the image created event of the other image that shares the subject \"Refugees\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "180a75df824d6c95"}
+{"answer": ["2015"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "180a75df824d6c95", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_c92bf6ab0167", "question": {"start": "Myanmar", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Refugees\" with the only PDF document whose subject is \"Myanmar\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "180a75df824d6c95"}
+{"answer": ["2015"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "180a75df824d6c95", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_e656473393f6", "question": {"start": "Human Geography, Anthropology and Development Studies Department, School of Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Refugees\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Human Geography, Anthropology and Development Studies Department, School of Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "180a75df824d6c95"}
+{"answer": ["2015"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "180a75df824d6c95", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_e7db5fb79930", "question": {"start": "Public Health Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Banten, Indonesia", "text": "What is the date of the image created event of the other image that shares the subject \"Refugees\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Public Health Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Banten, Indonesia\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "180a75df824d6c95"}
+{"answer": ["2022-12-28"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "8664de8628128b45", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_4c8077f21f20", "question": {"start": "8664de8628128b45.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares a subject with the image \"8664de8628128b45.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_2hop_MEN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "8664de8628128b45"}
+{"answer": ["2022-12-28"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "8664de8628128b45", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_7e8b2f5e9faa", "question": {"start": "Music", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares a subject with the only image whose subject is \"Music\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "8664de8628128b45"}
+{"answer": ["2023-05-19"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "8664de8628128b45", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_75853c43070c", "question": {"start": "8664de8628128b45.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the other PDF document that shares a subject with the image \"8664de8628128b45.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_2hop_MEN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "8664de8628128b45"}
+{"answer": ["2023-05-19"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "8664de8628128b45", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_84c2f6a55d8a", "question": {"start": "Music", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the other PDF document that shares a subject with the only image whose subject is \"Music\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "8664de8628128b45"}
+{"answer": ["2023-06-29"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "8664de8628128b45", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_9f1821089929", "question": {"start": "Music", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the other PDF document that shares a subject with the only image whose subject is \"Music\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "8664de8628128b45"}
+{"answer": ["2023-06-29"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "8664de8628128b45", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_e517e4778184", "question": {"start": "8664de8628128b45.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the other PDF document that shares a subject with the image \"8664de8628128b45.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_2hop_MEN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "8664de8628128b45"}
+{"answer": ["2023-09"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "8664de8628128b45", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_0665017a305b", "question": {"start": "8664de8628128b45.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the publication print event for the other PDF document that shares a subject with the image \"8664de8628128b45.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_2hop_MEN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "8664de8628128b45"}
+{"answer": ["2023-09"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "8664de8628128b45", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_37bbbff6ee95", "question": {"start": "Music", "text": "What is the date of the publication print event of the other PDF document that shares a subject with the only image whose subject is \"Music\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-MEN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "8664de8628128b45"}
+{"answer": ["2025"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "6325f30ff93e9b48", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_2d9dac86c9ab", "question": {"start": "6325f30ff93e9b48.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the publication print event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Refugees\" with the image \"6325f30ff93e9b48.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_2hop_TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "6325f30ff93e9b48"}
+{"answer": ["2025"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "6325f30ff93e9b48", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_3a3121b89194", "question": {"start": "Hepatitis E virus", "text": "When was the publication print event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Refugees\" with the only image whose subject is \"Hepatitis E virus\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "6325f30ff93e9b48"}
+{"answer": ["2025"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "6325f30ff93e9b48", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_fc26ff549fb4", "question": {"start": "Hepatitis E", "text": "What is the date of the publication print event of the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Refugees\" with the only image whose subject is \"Hepatitis E\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "6325f30ff93e9b48"}
+{"answer": ["2025-03-11"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "6696b71d63563f9a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_4c08a904ed32", "question": {"start": "Blood Pressure Monitors", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only image whose subject is \"Blood Pressure Monitors\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "6696b71d63563f9a"}
+{"answer": ["2025-03-11"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "6696b71d63563f9a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_57c34d61bb84", "question": {"start": "Nurses' Aides", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only image whose subject is \"Nurses' Aides\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "6696b71d63563f9a"}
+{"answer": ["2025-03-11"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "6696b71d63563f9a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_6cd0a7f1dac1", "question": {"start": "Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject 'Caregivers' with the only image whose subject is 'Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory'?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "6696b71d63563f9a"}
+{"answer": ["2025-03-11"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "6696b71d63563f9a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_9dd981692755", "question": {"start": "Blood Pressure Determination", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only image whose subject is \"Blood Pressure Determination\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "6696b71d63563f9a"}
+{"answer": ["2025-03-11"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "6696b71d63563f9a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_ac620c0a3b0a", "question": {"start": "Blood Pressure", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only image whose subject is \"Blood Pressure\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "6696b71d63563f9a"}
+{"answer": ["2025-03-11"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "6696b71d63563f9a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_ce223d7b9568", "question": {"start": "6696b71d63563f9a.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the image \"6696b71d63563f9a.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_2hop_TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "6696b71d63563f9a"}
+{"answer": ["2025-03-11"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "6696b71d63563f9a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_f319860c16fb", "question": {"start": "Nurses, Male", "text": "What is the date of the submission event of the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only image whose subject is \"Nurses, Male\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "6696b71d63563f9a"}
+{"answer": ["2025-06-22"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "6325f30ff93e9b48", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_023543ed0a34", "question": {"start": "Hepatitis E virus", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event of the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Refugees\" with the only image whose subject is \"Hepatitis E virus\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "6325f30ff93e9b48"}
+{"answer": ["2025-06-22"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "6325f30ff93e9b48", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_29a05a32d2c8", "question": {"start": "6325f30ff93e9b48.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Refugees\" with the image \"6325f30ff93e9b48.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_2hop_TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "6325f30ff93e9b48"}
+{"answer": ["2025-06-22"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "6325f30ff93e9b48", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_5c4796e81ed1", "question": {"start": "Hepatitis E", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Refugees\" with the only image whose subject is \"Hepatitis E\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "6325f30ff93e9b48"}
+{"answer": ["2025-06-30"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "6325f30ff93e9b48", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_840bc960f213", "question": {"start": "Hepatitis E virus", "text": "What is the date of the publication event of the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Refugees\" with the only image whose subject is \"Hepatitis E virus\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "6325f30ff93e9b48"}
+{"answer": ["2025-06-30"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "6325f30ff93e9b48", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_90e69a63d2a8", "question": {"start": "Hepatitis E", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Refugees\" with the only image whose subject is \"Hepatitis E\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "6325f30ff93e9b48"}
+{"answer": ["2025-06-30"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "6325f30ff93e9b48", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_913d82257399", "question": {"start": "6325f30ff93e9b48.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Refugees\" with the image \"6325f30ff93e9b48.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_2hop_TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "6325f30ff93e9b48"}
+{"answer": ["2025-07-05"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "6696b71d63563f9a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_28bd410b90fe", "question": {"start": "Blood Pressure Determination", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event of the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only image whose subject is \"Blood Pressure Determination\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "6696b71d63563f9a"}
+{"answer": ["2025-07-05"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "6696b71d63563f9a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_3192ac837715", "question": {"start": "Blood Pressure", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only image whose subject is \"Blood Pressure\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "6696b71d63563f9a"}
+{"answer": ["2025-07-05"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "6696b71d63563f9a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_45c7620c2119", "question": {"start": "Blood Pressure Monitors", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only image whose subject is \"Blood Pressure Monitors\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "6696b71d63563f9a"}
+{"answer": ["2025-07-05"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "6696b71d63563f9a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_6d0566d5fd36", "question": {"start": "Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only image whose subject is \"Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "6696b71d63563f9a"}
+{"answer": ["2025-07-05"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "6696b71d63563f9a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_95ab3feadcfe", "question": {"start": "Nurses, Male", "text": "When is the date of the acceptance event for the other PDF document that shares the subject 'Caregivers' with the only image whose subject is 'Nurses, Male'?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "6696b71d63563f9a"}
+{"answer": ["2025-07-05"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "6696b71d63563f9a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_b0d3fcef181f", "question": {"start": "Nurses' Aides", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only image whose subject is \"Nurses' Aides\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "6696b71d63563f9a"}
+{"answer": ["2025-07-05"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "6696b71d63563f9a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_f7771f272f67", "question": {"start": "6696b71d63563f9a.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the image \"6696b71d63563f9a.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_2hop_TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "6696b71d63563f9a"}
+{"answer": ["2025-08-06"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "6696b71d63563f9a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_43662814cb89", "question": {"start": "Nurses, Male", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only image whose subject is \"Nurses, Male\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "6696b71d63563f9a"}
+{"answer": ["2025-08-06"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "6696b71d63563f9a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_6e769d6ecb6a", "question": {"start": "6696b71d63563f9a.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the image \"6696b71d63563f9a.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_2hop_TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "6696b71d63563f9a"}
+{"answer": ["2025-08-06"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "6696b71d63563f9a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_909507333154", "question": {"start": "Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only image whose subject is \"Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "6696b71d63563f9a"}
+{"answer": ["2025-08-06"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "6696b71d63563f9a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_98bd64b56eae", "question": {"start": "Blood Pressure Monitors", "text": "What is the date of the publication event of the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only image whose subject is \"Blood Pressure Monitors\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "6696b71d63563f9a"}
+{"answer": ["2025-08-06"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "6696b71d63563f9a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_a75b578ae102", "question": {"start": "Blood Pressure Determination", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the other PDF document that shares the subject 'Caregivers' with the only image whose subject is 'Blood Pressure Determination'?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "6696b71d63563f9a"}
+{"answer": ["2025-08-06"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "6696b71d63563f9a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_c7bd624c8e4c", "question": {"start": "Blood Pressure", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only image whose subject is \"Blood Pressure\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "6696b71d63563f9a"}
+{"answer": ["2025-08-06"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "6696b71d63563f9a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_f1a155d665a1", "question": {"start": "Nurses' Aides", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only image whose subject is \"Nurses' Aides\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "6696b71d63563f9a"}
+{"answer": ["2025-10-21"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "57614c452ceb9eed", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_af08c19539dc", "question": {"start": "57614c452ceb9eed.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares a subject with the image \"57614c452ceb9eed.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_2hop_MEN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "57614c452ceb9eed"}
+{"answer": ["2025-10-21"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "82d03ebf0a85b9d4", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_6881258ce468", "question": {"start": "Ochlerotatus", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Culex\" with the only image whose subject is \"Ochlerotatus\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "82d03ebf0a85b9d4"}
+{"answer": ["2025-10-21"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "82d03ebf0a85b9d4", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_b877f1407ecc", "question": {"start": "82d03ebf0a85b9d4.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Culex\" with the image \"82d03ebf0a85b9d4.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_2hop_TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "82d03ebf0a85b9d4"}
+{"answer": ["2025-11"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "6696b71d63563f9a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_0b943f38030d", "question": {"start": "Nurses, Male", "text": "What is the date of the publication print event of the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only image whose subject is \"Nurses, Male\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "6696b71d63563f9a"}
+{"answer": ["2025-11"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "6696b71d63563f9a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_273d03292297", "question": {"start": "Blood Pressure", "text": "What is the date of the publication print event of the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only image whose subject is \"Blood Pressure\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "6696b71d63563f9a"}
+{"answer": ["2025-11"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "6696b71d63563f9a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_60616c120115", "question": {"start": "Blood Pressure Monitors", "text": "What is the date of the publication print event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only image whose subject is \"Blood Pressure Monitors\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "6696b71d63563f9a"}
+{"answer": ["2025-11"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "6696b71d63563f9a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_b7c2059541af", "question": {"start": "Blood Pressure Determination", "text": "What is the date of the publication print event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only image whose subject is \"Blood Pressure Determination\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "6696b71d63563f9a"}
+{"answer": ["2025-11"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "6696b71d63563f9a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_cf642f14b08f", "question": {"start": "Nurses' Aides", "text": "What is the date of the publication print event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only image whose subject is \"Nurses' Aides\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "6696b71d63563f9a"}
+{"answer": ["2025-11"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "6696b71d63563f9a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_dc739b0aa113", "question": {"start": "6696b71d63563f9a.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the publication print event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the image \"6696b71d63563f9a.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_2hop_TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "6696b71d63563f9a"}
+{"answer": ["2025-11"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "6696b71d63563f9a", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_e557c7fd7cee", "question": {"start": "Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory", "text": "What is the date of the publication print event of the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only image whose subject is \"Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "6696b71d63563f9a"}
+{"answer": ["2025-12-14"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "d0fa52dc8301d84b", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_0fa0df1c546c", "question": {"start": "Milk", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Nurses\" with the only image whose subject is \"Milk\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "d0fa52dc8301d84b"}
+{"answer": ["2025-12-14"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "d0fa52dc8301d84b", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_21e3681cd479", "question": {"start": "d0fa52dc8301d84b.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Nurses\" with the image \"d0fa52dc8301d84b.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_2hop_TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "d0fa52dc8301d84b"}
+{"answer": ["2025-12-14"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "d0fa52dc8301d84b", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_2241fb2f7d3e", "question": {"start": "Food Service, Hospital", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Nurses\" with the only image whose subject is \"Food Service, Hospital\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "d0fa52dc8301d84b"}
+{"answer": ["2025-12-14"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "d0fa52dc8301d84b", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_d78ee6f1df0e", "question": {"start": "Food Handling", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Nurses\" with the only image whose subject is \"Food Handling\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "d0fa52dc8301d84b"}
+{"answer": ["2026-01-13"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "57614c452ceb9eed", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_3a90e4d0cb28", "question": {"start": "57614c452ceb9eed.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the other PDF document that shares a subject with the image \"57614c452ceb9eed.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_2hop_MEN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "57614c452ceb9eed"}
+{"answer": ["2026-01-13"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "82d03ebf0a85b9d4", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_021322051be6", "question": {"start": "Ochlerotatus", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Culex\" with the only image whose subject is \"Ochlerotatus\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "82d03ebf0a85b9d4"}
+{"answer": ["2026-01-13"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "82d03ebf0a85b9d4", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_f1c40cc8949e", "question": {"start": "82d03ebf0a85b9d4.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Culex\" with the image \"82d03ebf0a85b9d4.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_2hop_TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "82d03ebf0a85b9d4"}
+{"answer": ["2026-03-06"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "57614c452ceb9eed", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_8dc8813b4502", "question": {"start": "57614c452ceb9eed.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the other PDF document that shares a subject with the image \"57614c452ceb9eed.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_2hop_MEN_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "57614c452ceb9eed"}
+{"answer": ["2026-03-06"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "82d03ebf0a85b9d4", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_1e45547e46ea", "question": {"start": "Ochlerotatus", "text": "What is the date of the publication event of the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Culex\" with the only image whose subject is \"Ochlerotatus\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "82d03ebf0a85b9d4"}
+{"answer": ["2026-03-06"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "82d03ebf0a85b9d4", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_d0833ec7cb9b", "question": {"start": "82d03ebf0a85b9d4.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Culex\" with the image \"82d03ebf0a85b9d4.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_2hop_TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "82d03ebf0a85b9d4"}
+{"answer": ["2026-06-24"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "d0fa52dc8301d84b", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_47995342a53d", "question": {"start": "Food Handling", "text": "What is the date of the revision received event for the other PDF document that shares the subject 'Nurses' with the only image whose subject is 'Food Handling'?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "d0fa52dc8301d84b"}
+{"answer": ["2026-06-24"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "d0fa52dc8301d84b", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_4fe7ecfc0c17", "question": {"start": "Food Service, Hospital", "text": "What is the date of the revision received event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Nurses\" with the only image whose subject is \"Food Service, Hospital\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "d0fa52dc8301d84b"}
+{"answer": ["2026-06-24"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "d0fa52dc8301d84b", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_656db662e62c", "question": {"start": "Milk", "text": "What is the date of the revision received event of the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Nurses\" with the only image whose subject is \"Milk\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "d0fa52dc8301d84b"}
+{"answer": ["2026-06-24"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "d0fa52dc8301d84b", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_b62a44ffe3a5", "question": {"start": "d0fa52dc8301d84b.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the revision received event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Nurses\" with the image \"d0fa52dc8301d84b.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_2hop_TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "d0fa52dc8301d84b"}
+{"answer": ["2026-06-29"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "d0fa52dc8301d84b", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_06ad798b97e9", "question": {"start": "Milk", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Nurses\" with the only image whose subject is \"Milk\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "d0fa52dc8301d84b"}
+{"answer": ["2026-06-29"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "d0fa52dc8301d84b", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_bf61390bf634", "question": {"start": "d0fa52dc8301d84b.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Nurses\" with the image \"d0fa52dc8301d84b.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_2hop_TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "d0fa52dc8301d84b"}
+{"answer": ["2026-06-29"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "d0fa52dc8301d84b", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_d911e166e72c", "question": {"start": "Food Service, Hospital", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Nurses\" with the only image whose subject is \"Food Service, Hospital\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "d0fa52dc8301d84b"}
+{"answer": ["2026-06-29"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "d0fa52dc8301d84b", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_f6e8872d99f9", "question": {"start": "Food Handling", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Nurses\" with the only image whose subject is \"Food Handling\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "d0fa52dc8301d84b"}
+{"answer": ["2026-08-10"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "d0fa52dc8301d84b", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_0d7189fdccc3", "question": {"start": "Food Handling", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Nurses\" with the only image whose subject is \"Food Handling\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "d0fa52dc8301d84b"}
+{"answer": ["2026-08-10"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "d0fa52dc8301d84b", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_1100dd708d53", "question": {"start": "Food Service, Hospital", "text": "What is the date of the publication event of the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Nurses\" with the only image whose subject is \"Food Service, Hospital\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "d0fa52dc8301d84b"}
+{"answer": ["2026-08-10"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "d0fa52dc8301d84b", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_2989a33b365a", "question": {"start": "Milk", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Nurses\" with the only image whose subject is \"Milk\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_3hop_MEN_LOOKUP-TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "d0fa52dc8301d84b"}
+{"answer": ["2026-08-10"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "d0fa52dc8301d84b", "gold_index": null, "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T4_healthcare_b78431bd7cdd", "question": {"start": "d0fa52dc8301d84b.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Nurses\" with the image \"d0fa52dc8301d84b.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T4", "template": "t4_2hop_TERM_SHARE-EVT", "unit": "d0fa52dc8301d84b"}
diff --git a/release/gold/T5/building.jsonl b/release/gold/T5/building.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5be9e06007b68ed720b2b2160bdb91244b9a930d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/gold/T5/building.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+{"answer": {"A": "BIM Informed Visual SLAM for Construction Monitoring", "B": "BIM Informed Visual SLAM for Construction Environments"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["e16fb8a05445abb4.pdf", "1011647ea4d1b318.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/e16fb8a05445abb4.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/1011647ea4d1b318.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "building", "dossier": "048330cc6f4a11b2", "gold_index": {"A": 2, "B": 0}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["BIM Informed Visual SLAM for Construction Environments", "Automating the Design of Embodied AgentArchitectures", "BIM Informed Visual SLAM for Construction Monitoring", "GLOBUS: GLObal Building heights for Urban Studies"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_building_d7ba0263ccfe", "question": {"delta_files": ["e16fb8a05445abb4.pdf", "1011647ea4d1b318.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/e16fb8a05445abb4.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/1011647ea4d1b318.txt"], "object": "048330cc6f4a11b2.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"048330cc6f4a11b2.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_title", "unit": "048330cc6f4a11b2"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Bad Seeing or Bad Thinking? Rewarding Perception for Vision-Language Reasoning", "B": "Bad Seeing or Bad Thinking? Rewarding Perception for Multimodal Reasoning"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["457f6320e08ef35d.pdf", "7de31fc4d1c3278b.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/457f6320e08ef35d.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/7de31fc4d1c3278b.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "building", "dossier": "8eacd4048a36982e", "gold_index": {"A": 1, "B": 0}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Bad Seeing or Bad Thinking? Rewarding Perception for Multimodal Reasoning", "Bad Seeing or Bad Thinking? Rewarding Perception for Vision-Language Reasoning", "A Review On Safe Reinforcement Learning Using Lyapunov and Barrier Functions", "Who Gets Flagged? The Pluralistic Evaluation Gap in AI Content Watermarking"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_building_e8b8ce3a1258", "question": {"delta_files": ["457f6320e08ef35d.pdf", "7de31fc4d1c3278b.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/457f6320e08ef35d.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/7de31fc4d1c3278b.txt"], "object": "8eacd4048a36982e.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"8eacd4048a36982e.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_title", "unit": "8eacd4048a36982e"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Buildings account for 40 % of global energy consumption. A considerable portion of building energy consumption stems from heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), and thus implementing smart, energy-efficient HVAC systems has the potential to significantly impact the course of climate change. In recent years, model-free reinforcement learning algorithms have been increasingly assessed for this purpose due to their ability to learn and adapt purely from experience. They have been shown to outperform classical controllers in terms of energy cost and consumption, as well as thermal comfort. However, their weakness lies in their relatively poor data efficiency, requiring long periods of training to reach acceptable policies, making them inapplicable to real-world controllers directly. Hence, common research goals are to improve the learning speed, as well as to improve their ability to generalize, in order to facilitate transfer learning to unseen building environments. In this paper, we take a federated learning approach to training the reinforcement learning controller of an HVAC system. A global control policy is learned by aggregating local policies trained on multiple data centers located in different climate zones. The goal of the policy is to simultaneously minimize energy consumption and maximize thermal comfort. The federated optimization strategy indirectly increases both the rate at which experience data is collected and the variation in the data. We demonstrate through experimental evaluation that these effects lead to a faster learning speed, as well as greater generalization capabilities in the federated policy compared to any individually trained policy.", "B": "Buildings account for 40% of global energy consumption. A considerable portion of building energy consumption stems from heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), and thus implementing smart, energy-efficient HVAC systems has the potential to significantly impact the course of climate change. In recent years, model-free reinforcement learning algorithms have been increasingly assessed for this purpose due to their ability to learn and adapt purely from experience. They have been shown to outperform classical controllers in terms of energy cost and consumption, as well as thermal comfort. However, their weakness lies in their relatively poor data efficiency, requiring long periods of training to reach acceptable policies, making them inapplicable to real-world controllers directly. In this paper, we demonstrate that using federated learning to train the reinforcement learning controller of HVAC systems can improve the learning speed, as well as improve their ability to generalize, which in turn facilitates transfer learning to unseen building environments. In our setting, a global control policy is learned by aggregating local policies trained on multiple data centers located in different climate zones. The goal of the policy is to minimize energy consumption and maximize thermal comfort. We perform experiments evaluating three different optimizers for local policy training, as well as three different federated learning algorithms against two alternative baselines. Our experiments show that these effects lead to a faster learning speed, as well as greater generalization capabilities in the federated policy compared to any individually trained policy. Furthermore, the learning stability is significantly improved, with the learning process and performance of the federated policy being less sensitive to the choice of parameters and the inherent randomness of reinforcement learning."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["79980d79c267b4d1.pdf", "fb4dbe970a7d20d9.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/79980d79c267b4d1.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/fb4dbe970a7d20d9.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "building", "dossier": "75c29388226257e4", "gold_index": {"A": 0, "B": 2}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Buildings account for 40 % of global energy consumption. A considerable portion of building energy consumption stems from heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), and thus implementing smart, energy-efficient HVAC systems has the potential to significantly impact the course of climate change. In recent years, model-free reinforcement learning algorithms have been increasingly assessed for this purpose due to their ability to learn and adapt purely from experience. They have been shown to outperform classical controllers in terms of energy cost and consumption, as well as thermal comfort. However, their weakness lies in their relatively poor data efficiency, requiring long periods of training to reach acceptable policies, making them inapplicable to real-world controllers directly. Hence, common research goals are to improve the learning speed, as well as to improve their ability to generalize, in order to facilitate transfer learning to unseen building environments. In this paper, we take a federated learning approach to training the reinforcement learning controller of an HVAC system. A global control policy is learned by aggregating local policies trained on multiple data centers located in different climate zones. The goal of the policy is to simultaneously minimize energy consumption and maximize thermal comfort. The federated optimization strategy indirectly increases both the rate at which experience data is collected and the variation in the data. We demonstrate through experimental evaluation that these effects lead to a faster learning speed, as well as greater generalization capabilities in the federated policy compared to any individually trained policy.", "Load uncertainty must be accounted for during design to ensure building energy systems can meet energy demands during operation. Reducing building load uncertainty allows for improved designs with less compromise to be identified, reducing the cost of decarbonizing energy usage. However, the building monitoring required to reduce load uncertainty is costly. This study quantifies the economic benefit of practical building monitoring for supporting energy system design decisions, to determine if its benefits outweigh its cost. Value of Information analysis (VoI) is a numerical framework for quantifying the benefit of uncertainty reduction to support decision making. An extension of the framework, termed 'On-Policy' VoI, is proposed, which admits complex decision making tasks where decision policies are required. This is applied to a case study district energy system design problem, where a Linear Program model is used to size solar-battery systems and grid connection capacity under uncertain building loads, modelled using historic electricity metering data. Load uncertainty is found to have a significant impact on both system operating costs (\\pm30%) and the optimal system design (\\pm20%). However, using building monitoring is found to reduce overall costs by less than 2% on average, less than the cost of measurement, and is therefore not economically worthwhile. This provides the first numerical evidence to support the sufficiency of using standard building load profiles for energy system design. Further, reducing only uncertainty in mean load is found to provide all available decision support benefit, meaning using hourly measurement data provides no benefit for energy retrofit design.", "Buildings account for 40% of global energy consumption. A considerable portion of building energy consumption stems from heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), and thus implementing smart, energy-efficient HVAC systems has the potential to significantly impact the course of climate change. In recent years, model-free reinforcement learning algorithms have been increasingly assessed for this purpose due to their ability to learn and adapt purely from experience. They have been shown to outperform classical controllers in terms of energy cost and consumption, as well as thermal comfort. However, their weakness lies in their relatively poor data efficiency, requiring long periods of training to reach acceptable policies, making them inapplicable to real-world controllers directly. In this paper, we demonstrate that using federated learning to train the reinforcement learning controller of HVAC systems can improve the learning speed, as well as improve their ability to generalize, which in turn facilitates transfer learning to unseen building environments. In our setting, a global control policy is learned by aggregating local policies trained on multiple data centers located in different climate zones. The goal of the policy is to minimize energy consumption and maximize thermal comfort. We perform experiments evaluating three different optimizers for local policy training, as well as three different federated learning algorithms against two alternative baselines. Our experiments show that these effects lead to a faster learning speed, as well as greater generalization capabilities in the federated policy compared to any individually trained policy. Furthermore, the learning stability is significantly improved, with the learning process and performance of the federated policy being less sensitive to the choice of parameters and the inherent randomness of reinforcement learning.", "Designing state encoders for reinforcement learning (RL) with multiple information sources -- such as sensor measurements, time-series signals, image observations, and textual instructions -- remains underexplored and often requires manual design. We formalize this challenge as a problem of composite neural architecture search (NAS), where multiple source-specific modules and a fusion module are jointly optimized. Existing NAS methods overlook useful side information from the intermediate outputs of these modules -- such as their representation quality -- limiting sample efficiency in multi-source RL settings. To address this, we propose an LLM-driven NAS pipeline that leverages language-model priors and intermediate-output signals to guide sample-efficient search for high-performing composite state encoders. On a mixed-autonomy traffic control task, our approach discovers higher-performing architectures with fewer candidate evaluations than traditional NAS baselines and the LLM-based GENIUS framework."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_building_2d1ab16a55a8", "question": {"delta_files": ["79980d79c267b4d1.pdf", "fb4dbe970a7d20d9.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/79980d79c267b4d1.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/fb4dbe970a7d20d9.txt"], "object": "75c29388226257e4.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"75c29388226257e4.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "75c29388226257e4"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Conventional neural network elastoplasticity models are often perceived as lacking interpretability. This paper introduces a two-step machine learning approach that returns mathematical models interpretable by human experts. In particular, we introduce a surrogate model where yield surfaces are expressed in terms of a set of single-variable feature mappings obtained from supervised learning. A postprocessing step is then used to re-interpret the set of single-variable neural network mapping functions into mathematical form through symbolic regression. This divide-and-conquer approach provides several important advantages. First, it enables us to overcome the scaling issue of symbolic regression algorithms. From a practical perspective, it enhances the portability of learned models for partial differential equation solvers written in different programming languages. Finally, it enables us to have a concrete understanding of the attributes of the materials, such as convexity and symmetries of models, through automated derivations and reasoning. Numerical examples have been provided, along with an open-source code to enable third party validation.", "B": "Conventional neural network elastoplasticity models are often perceived as lacking interpretability. This paper introduces a two-step machine learning approach that returns mathematical models interpretable by human experts. In particular, we introduce a surrogate model where yield surfaces are expressed in terms of a set of single-variable feature mappings obtained from supervised learning. A post-processing step is then used to re-interpret the set of single-variable neural network mapping functions into mathematical form through symbolic regression. This divide-and-conquer approach provides several important advantages. First, it enables us to overcome the scaling issue of symbolic regression algorithms. From a practical perspective, it enhances the portability of learned models for partial differential equation solvers written in different programming languages. Finally, it enables us to have a concrete understanding of the attributes of the materials, such as convexity and symmetries of models, through automated derivations and reasoning. Numerical examples have been provided, along with an open-source code to enable third-party validation."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["3d4273c45a8e5947.pdf", "56d477d4fa778841.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/3d4273c45a8e5947.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/56d477d4fa778841.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "building", "dossier": "9f5d959ba5edd6a4", "gold_index": {"A": 0, "B": 3}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Conventional neural network elastoplasticity models are often perceived as lacking interpretability. This paper introduces a two-step machine learning approach that returns mathematical models interpretable by human experts. In particular, we introduce a surrogate model where yield surfaces are expressed in terms of a set of single-variable feature mappings obtained from supervised learning. A postprocessing step is then used to re-interpret the set of single-variable neural network mapping functions into mathematical form through symbolic regression. This divide-and-conquer approach provides several important advantages. First, it enables us to overcome the scaling issue of symbolic regression algorithms. From a practical perspective, it enhances the portability of learned models for partial differential equation solvers written in different programming languages. Finally, it enables us to have a concrete understanding of the attributes of the materials, such as convexity and symmetries of models, through automated derivations and reasoning. Numerical examples have been provided, along with an open-source code to enable third party validation.", "Tangible control interfaces (TCIs), such as appliance panels, remotes, elevators, and embedded GUIs, are a fundamental component of everyday human-built environments. Interacting with these interfaces requires agents not only to ground language in visual observations,but also to execute actions, track temporally evolving state changes, and verify whether intended outcomes have been achieved. However, existing benchmarks predominantly evaluate open-loop perception or single-step action execution, failing to capture this continuous cycle of interaction, feedback, and correction. We introduce SWITCH, a benchmark for closed-loop interactive reasoning with TCIs in realistic egocentric environments1. SWITCH comprises 1,170 temporally interactive videos across diverse functional categories, providing structured annotations of instructions, actions, state transitions, outcomes, and recovery behaviors over time. To probe generative world modeling, SWITCH also evaluates video generation models on interaction-centered tasks using both LLM-as-judge and human evaluation2.Experiments with frontier proprietary and opensource multimodal models reveal persistent weaknesses in fine-grained visual-temporal perception, outcome verification, and error recovery, highlighting SWITCH as a testbed for closed-loop embodied intelligence.", "To monitor the seismic hazard in the Groningen gas field, we modify the rate-and-state model that relates changes in pore pressure to induced seismic hazard by allowing for noise in pore pressure measurements and by explicitly taking into account gas production volumes. We analyse the first and second-moment structure of the resulting Cox process, propose an unbiased estimating equation approach for the unknown model parameters and derive the posterior distribution of the driving random measure. We use a parallel Metropolis adjusted Langevin algorithm for sampling from the posterior and to monitor the hazard.", "Conventional neural network elastoplasticity models are often perceived as lacking interpretability. This paper introduces a two-step machine learning approach that returns mathematical models interpretable by human experts. In particular, we introduce a surrogate model where yield surfaces are expressed in terms of a set of single-variable feature mappings obtained from supervised learning. A post-processing step is then used to re-interpret the set of single-variable neural network mapping functions into mathematical form through symbolic regression. This divide-and-conquer approach provides several important advantages. First, it enables us to overcome the scaling issue of symbolic regression algorithms. From a practical perspective, it enhances the portability of learned models for partial differential equation solvers written in different programming languages. Finally, it enables us to have a concrete understanding of the attributes of the materials, such as convexity and symmetries of models, through automated derivations and reasoning. Numerical examples have been provided, along with an open-source code to enable third-party validation."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_building_58d5c752c232", "question": {"delta_files": ["3d4273c45a8e5947.pdf", "56d477d4fa778841.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/3d4273c45a8e5947.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/56d477d4fa778841.txt"], "object": "9f5d959ba5edd6a4.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"9f5d959ba5edd6a4.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "9f5d959ba5edd6a4"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Data-driven building energy efficiency prediction based on envelope heat losses using physics-informed neural networks", "B": "Data-driven building energy efficiency prediction using physics-informed neural networks"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["d74c0b4470a9beab.pdf", "2725e7a393a573dc.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/d74c0b4470a9beab.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/2725e7a393a573dc.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "building", "dossier": "c644e66e2a5f5862", "gold_index": {"A": 3, "B": 2}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Real-time Regulation of Detention Ponds via Feedback Control: Balancing Flood Mitigation and Water Quality", "Rethinking Cross-Layer Information Routing in Diffusion Transformers", "Data-driven building energy efficiency prediction using physics-informed neural networks", "Data-driven building energy efficiency prediction based on envelope heat losses using physics-informed neural networks"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_building_25aeff8455ff", "question": {"delta_files": ["d74c0b4470a9beab.pdf", "2725e7a393a573dc.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/d74c0b4470a9beab.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/2725e7a393a573dc.txt"], "object": "c644e66e2a5f5862.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"c644e66e2a5f5862.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_title", "unit": "c644e66e2a5f5862"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Designing mechanically efficient geometry for architectural structures like shells, towers, and bridges is an expensive iterative process. Existing techniques for solving such inverse mechanical problems rely on traditional direct optimization methods, which are slow and computationally expensive, limiting iteration speed and design exploration. Neural networks would seem to offer a solution, via data-driven amortized optimization for specific design tasks, but they often require extensive fine-tuning and cannot ensure that important design criteria, such as mechanical integrity, are met. In this work, we combine neural networks with a differentiable mechanics simulator to develop a model that accelerates the solution of shape approximation problems for architectural structures modeled as bar systems. As a result, our model offers explicit guarantees to satisfy mechanical constraints while generating designs that match target geometries. We validate our model in two tasks, the design of masonry shells and cable-net towers. Our model achieves better accuracy and generalization than fully neural alternatives, and comparable accuracy to direct optimization but in real time, enabling fast and sound design exploration. We further demonstrate the real-world potential of our trained model by deploying it in 3D modeling software and by fabricating a physical prototype. Our work opens up new opportunities for accelerated physical design enhanced by neural networks for the built environment.", "B": "Designing mechanically efficient geometry for architectural structures like shells, towers, and bridges, is an expensive iterative process. Existing techniques for solving such inverse problems rely on traditional optimization methods, which are slow and computationally expensive, limiting iteration speed and design exploration. Neural networks would seem to offer a solution via data-driven amortized optimization, but they often require extensive fine-tuning and cannot ensure that important design criteria, such as mechanical integrity, are met. In this work, we combine neural networks with a differentiable mechanics simulator to develop a model that accelerates the solution of shape approximation problems for architectural structures represented as bar systems. This model explicitly guarantees compliance with mechanical constraints while generating designs that closely match target geometries. We validate our approach in two tasks, the design of masonry shells and cable-net towers. Our model achieves better accuracy and generalization than fully neural alternatives, and comparable accuracy to direct optimization but in real time, enabling fast and reliable design exploration. We further demonstrate its advantages by integrating it into 3D modeling software and fabricating a physical prototype. Our work opens up new opportunities for accelerated mechanical design enhanced by neural networks for the built environment."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["baa80526204451a1.pdf", "a40a19f4690aa4e5.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/baa80526204451a1.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/a40a19f4690aa4e5.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "building", "dossier": "a943bb2e0e8303a8", "gold_index": {"A": 3, "B": 2}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Load uncertainty must be accounted for during design to ensure building energy systems can meet energy demands during operation. Reducing building load uncertainty allows for improved designs with less compromise to be identified, reducing the cost of decarbonizing energy usage. However, the building monitoring required to reduce load uncertainty is costly. This study uses Value of Information analysis (VoI) to quantify the economic benefit of practical building monitoring for supporting energy system design decisions, and determine if its benefits outweigh its cost. An extension of the VoI framework, termed 'On-Policy' VoI, is proposed, which admits complex decision making tasks where decision policies are required. This is applied to a case study district energy system design problem, where a Linear Program model is used to size solar-battery systems and grid connection capacity under uncertain building loads, modelled using historic electricity metering data. Load uncertainty is found to significantly impact both system operating costs ($\\pm$30%) and the optimal system design ($\\pm$20%). However, using building monitoring data to improve the design of the district reduces overall costs by less than 1.5% on average. As this is less than the cost of measurement, using monitoring is not economically worthwhile in this case. This provides the first numerical evidence to support the sufficiency of using standard building load profiles for energy system design. Further, reducing only uncertainty in mean load is found to provide most of the available decision support benefit, meaning using hourly measurement data provides little benefit for energy retrofit design.", "The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has ushered in a new era of artificial intelligence, with the potential to transform various sectors through automation and insightful analysis. The Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture has been proposed as a solution to enhance model performance in complex tasks. Yet, existing MoE models struggle with task-specific learning and interpretability, especially in fields like medicine where precision is critical. This paper introduces the Adaptive Task-planing Mixture of Experts(AT-MoE), an innovative architecture designed to address these limitations. We first train task-specific experts via LoRA approach to enhance problem-solving capabilities and interpretability in specialized areas. Subsequently, we introduce a layer-wise adaptive grouped routing module that optimizes module fusion based on complex task instructions, ensuring optimal task resolution. The grouped routing module first perform overall weight allocation from the dimension of the expert group, and then conduct local weight normalization adjustments within the group. This design maintains multi-dimensional balance, controllability, and interpretability, while facilitating task-specific fusion in response to complex instructions.", "Designing mechanically efficient geometry for architectural structures like shells, towers, and bridges, is an expensive iterative process. Existing techniques for solving such inverse problems rely on traditional optimization methods, which are slow and computationally expensive, limiting iteration speed and design exploration. Neural networks would seem to offer a solution via data-driven amortized optimization, but they often require extensive fine-tuning and cannot ensure that important design criteria, such as mechanical integrity, are met. In this work, we combine neural networks with a differentiable mechanics simulator to develop a model that accelerates the solution of shape approximation problems for architectural structures represented as bar systems. This model explicitly guarantees compliance with mechanical constraints while generating designs that closely match target geometries. We validate our approach in two tasks, the design of masonry shells and cable-net towers. Our model achieves better accuracy and generalization than fully neural alternatives, and comparable accuracy to direct optimization but in real time, enabling fast and reliable design exploration. We further demonstrate its advantages by integrating it into 3D modeling software and fabricating a physical prototype. Our work opens up new opportunities for accelerated mechanical design enhanced by neural networks for the built environment.", "Designing mechanically efficient geometry for architectural structures like shells, towers, and bridges is an expensive iterative process. Existing techniques for solving such inverse mechanical problems rely on traditional direct optimization methods, which are slow and computationally expensive, limiting iteration speed and design exploration. Neural networks would seem to offer a solution, via data-driven amortized optimization for specific design tasks, but they often require extensive fine-tuning and cannot ensure that important design criteria, such as mechanical integrity, are met. In this work, we combine neural networks with a differentiable mechanics simulator to develop a model that accelerates the solution of shape approximation problems for architectural structures modeled as bar systems. As a result, our model offers explicit guarantees to satisfy mechanical constraints while generating designs that match target geometries. We validate our model in two tasks, the design of masonry shells and cable-net towers. Our model achieves better accuracy and generalization than fully neural alternatives, and comparable accuracy to direct optimization but in real time, enabling fast and sound design exploration. We further demonstrate the real-world potential of our trained model by deploying it in 3D modeling software and by fabricating a physical prototype. Our work opens up new opportunities for accelerated physical design enhanced by neural networks for the built environment."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_building_78b22d5934a4", "question": {"delta_files": ["baa80526204451a1.pdf", "a40a19f4690aa4e5.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/baa80526204451a1.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/a40a19f4690aa4e5.txt"], "object": "a943bb2e0e8303a8.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"a943bb2e0e8303a8.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "a943bb2e0e8303a8"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Designing state encoders for reinforcement learning (RL) with multiple information sources -- such as sensor measurements, time-series signals, image observations, and textual instructions -- remains underexplored and often requires manual design. We formalize this challenge as a problem of composite neural architecture search (NAS), where multiple source-specific modules and a fusion module are jointly optimized. Existing NAS methods overlook useful side information from the intermediate outputs of these modules -- such as their representation quality -- limiting sample efficiency in multi-source RL settings. To address this, we propose an LLM-driven NAS pipeline that leverages language-model priors and intermediate-output signals to guide sample-efficient search for high-performing composite state encoders. On a mixed-autonomy traffic control task, our approach discovers higher-performing architectures with fewer candidate evaluations than traditional NAS baselines and the LLM-based GENIUS framework.", "B": "Designing state encoders for reinforcement learning (RL) with multiple information sources -- such as sensor measurements, time-series signals, image observations, and textual instructions -- remains underexplored and often requires manual design. We formalize this challenge as a problem of composite neural architecture search (NAS), where multiple source-specific modules and a fusion module are jointly optimized. Existing NAS methods overlook useful side information from the intermediate outputs of these modules -- such as their representation quality -- limiting sample efficiency in multi-source RL settings. To address this, we propose an LLM-driven NAS pipeline in which the LLM serves as a neural architecture design agent, leveraging language-model priors and intermediate-output signals to guide sample-efficient search for high-performing composite state encoders. On a mixed-autonomy traffic control task, our approach discovers higher-performing architectures with fewer candidate evaluations than traditional NAS baselines and the LLM-based GENIUS framework."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["9a9112b7e3d4810e.pdf", "ed163578b5324544.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/9a9112b7e3d4810e.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/ed163578b5324544.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "building", "dossier": "b7951c109775ee0b", "gold_index": {"A": 1, "B": 2}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Rate-and-state models are widely used physical models for the relation between changes in pore pressure due to fluid injection or gas extraction and the induced seismic hazard in a field. We consider the modification where the pore pressure measurements are affected by noise and provide explicit expressions for the first and second moments of the state variable. We show that when the pressure increases, there is positive correlation. In the case of decreasing pressure, both positive and negative correlation is possible. Using the delta method, approximate first and second moments of the rate variable are derived and compared to empirical moments.", "Designing state encoders for reinforcement learning (RL) with multiple information sources -- such as sensor measurements, time-series signals, image observations, and textual instructions -- remains underexplored and often requires manual design. We formalize this challenge as a problem of composite neural architecture search (NAS), where multiple source-specific modules and a fusion module are jointly optimized. Existing NAS methods overlook useful side information from the intermediate outputs of these modules -- such as their representation quality -- limiting sample efficiency in multi-source RL settings. To address this, we propose an LLM-driven NAS pipeline that leverages language-model priors and intermediate-output signals to guide sample-efficient search for high-performing composite state encoders. On a mixed-autonomy traffic control task, our approach discovers higher-performing architectures with fewer candidate evaluations than traditional NAS baselines and the LLM-based GENIUS framework.", "Designing state encoders for reinforcement learning (RL) with multiple information sources -- such as sensor measurements, time-series signals, image observations, and textual instructions -- remains underexplored and often requires manual design. We formalize this challenge as a problem of composite neural architecture search (NAS), where multiple source-specific modules and a fusion module are jointly optimized. Existing NAS methods overlook useful side information from the intermediate outputs of these modules -- such as their representation quality -- limiting sample efficiency in multi-source RL settings. To address this, we propose an LLM-driven NAS pipeline in which the LLM serves as a neural architecture design agent, leveraging language-model priors and intermediate-output signals to guide sample-efficient search for high-performing composite state encoders. On a mixed-autonomy traffic control task, our approach discovers higher-performing architectures with fewer candidate evaluations than traditional NAS baselines and the LLM-based GENIUS framework.", "Buildings account for 40 % of global energy consumption. A considerable portion of building energy consumption stems from heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), and thus implementing smart, energy-efficient HVAC systems has the potential to significantly impact the course of climate change. In recent years, model-free reinforcement learning algorithms have been increasingly assessed for this purpose due to their ability to learn and adapt purely from experience. They have been shown to outperform classical controllers in terms of energy cost and consumption, as well as thermal comfort. However, their weakness lies in their relatively poor data efficiency, requiring long periods of training to reach acceptable policies, making them inapplicable to real-world controllers directly. Hence, common research goals are to improve the learning speed, as well as to improve their ability to generalize, in order to facilitate transfer learning to unseen building environments. In this paper, we take a federated learning approach to training the reinforcement learning controller of an HVAC system. A global control policy is learned by aggregating local policies trained on multiple data centers located in different climate zones. The goal of the policy is to simultaneously minimize energy consumption and maximize thermal comfort. The federated optimization strategy indirectly increases both the rate at which experience data is collected and the variation in the data. We demonstrate through experimental evaluation that these effects lead to a faster learning speed, as well as greater generalization capabilities in the federated policy compared to any individually trained policy."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_building_8eefe253833b", "question": {"delta_files": ["9a9112b7e3d4810e.pdf", "ed163578b5324544.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/9a9112b7e3d4810e.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/ed163578b5324544.txt"], "object": "b7951c109775ee0b.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"b7951c109775ee0b.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "b7951c109775ee0b"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Ehsan Naghizadeh; Paolo Tiso; Eleni Chatzi", "B": "Ehsan Naghizadeh; Eleni Chatzi; Paolo Tiso"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["176fced9af1dded9.pdf", "1e53bbc03b5254e1.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/176fced9af1dded9.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/1e53bbc03b5254e1.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "building", "dossier": "f1565fe8ca0c993a", "gold_index": {"A": 2, "B": 3}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Fucai Ke; Joy Hsu; Zhixi Cai; Zixian Ma; Xin Zheng; Xindi Wu; Sukai Huang; Weiqing Wang; Pari Delir Haghighi; Gholamreza Haffari; Ranjay Krishna; Jiajun Wu; Hamid Rezatofighi", "Dimitri Goutaudier", "Ehsan Naghizadeh; Paolo Tiso; Eleni Chatzi", "Ehsan Naghizadeh; Eleni Chatzi; Paolo Tiso"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_building_abbc2f5c6bc9", "question": {"delta_files": ["176fced9af1dded9.pdf", "1e53bbc03b5254e1.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/176fced9af1dded9.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/1e53bbc03b5254e1.txt"], "object": "f1565fe8ca0c993a.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "Who is the author list of the PDF document \"f1565fe8ca0c993a.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_author_list", "unit": "f1565fe8ca0c993a"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Enabling robots to autonomously discover high-level spatial concepts (e.g., rooms and walls) from primitive geometric observations (e.g., planar surfaces) within 3D Scene Graphs is essential for robust indoor navigation and mapping. These graphs provide a hierarchical metric-semantic representation in which such concepts are organized. To further enhance graph-SLAM performance, Factorized 3D Scene Graphs incorporate these concepts as optimization factors that constrain relative geometry and enforce global consistency. However, both stages of this process remain largely manual: concepts are typically derived using hand-crafted, concept-specific heuristics, while factors and their covariances are likewise manually designed. This reliance on manual specification limits generalization across diverse environments and scalability to new concept classes. This paper presents a novel learning-based method that infers spatial concepts online from observed vertical planes and introduces them as optimizable factors within a SLAM backend, eliminating the need to handcraft concept generation, factor design, and covariance specification. We evaluate our approach in simulated environments with complex layouts, improving room detection by 20.7% and trajectory estimation by 19.2%, and further validate it on real construction sites, where room detection improves by 5.3% and map matching accuracy by 3.8%. Results confirm that learned factors can improve their handcrafted counterparts in SLAM systems and serve as a foundation for extending this approach to new spatial concepts.", "B": "Enabling robots to autonomously discover high-level spatial concepts (e.g., rooms and walls) from primitive geometric observations (e.g., planar surfaces) within 3D Scene Graphs is essential for robust indoor navigation and mapping. These graphs provide a hierarchical metric-semantic representation in which such concepts are organized. To further enhance graph-SLAM performance, Factorized 3D Scene Graphs incorporate these concepts as optimization factors that constrain relative geometry and enforce global consistency. However, both stages of this process remain largely manual: concepts are typically derived using hand-crafted, concept-specific heuristics, while factors and their covariances are likewise manually designed. This reliance on manual specification limits generalization across diverse environments and scalability to new concept classes. This paper presents a novel learning-based method that infers spatial concepts online from observed vertical planes and introduces them as optimizable factors within a SLAM backend, eliminating the need to handcraft concept generation, factor design, and covariance specification. We evaluate our approach in simulated environments with complex layouts, improving room detection by 20.7% and trajectory estimation by 19.2%. Validated on real construction sites, room detection improves by 5.3% and map matching accuracy by 3.8%."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["dea08aaacdb6df99.pdf", "41674881fad3e03b.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/dea08aaacdb6df99.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/41674881fad3e03b.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "building", "dossier": "4e1f72b5a9e24a87", "gold_index": {"A": 2, "B": 1}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Detention ponds can mitigate flooding and improve water quality by allowing the settlement of pollutants. Typically, they are operated with fully open orifices and weirs (i.e., passive control). Active controls can improve the performance of these systems: orifices can be retrofitted with controlled valves and spillways can have controllable gates. The real-time optimal operation of its hydraulic devices can be achieved with techniques such as Model Predictive Control (MPC). A distributed quasi-2D hydrologic-hydrodynamic coupled with a reservoir flood routing model is developed and integrated with an MPC algorithm to estimate the operation of valves and movable gates. The control optimization problem is adapted to switch from a flood-related algorithm focusing on mitigating floods to a heuristic objective function that aims to increase the detention time when no inflow hydrographs are predicted. The case studies show the potential of applying the methods developed in a catchment in Sao Paulo, Brazil. The performance of MPC compared to alternatives with either fully or partially open valves and gates are tested. Comparisons with HEC-RAS 2D indicate volume and peak flow errors of approximately 1.4% and 0.91% for the watershed module. Simulating two consecutive 10-year storms shows that the MPC strategy can achieve peak flow reductions of 79%. In contrast, passive control has nearly half of the performance. A 1-year continuous simulation results show that the passive scenario with 25% of the valves opened can treat 12% more runoff compared to the developed MPC approach, with an average detention time of approximately 6 hours. For the MPC approach, the average detention time is nearly 14 hours indicating that both control techniques can treat similar volumes; however, the proxy water quality for the MPC approach is enhanced due to the longer detention times.", "Enabling robots to autonomously discover high-level spatial concepts (e.g., rooms and walls) from primitive geometric observations (e.g., planar surfaces) within 3D Scene Graphs is essential for robust indoor navigation and mapping. These graphs provide a hierarchical metric-semantic representation in which such concepts are organized. To further enhance graph-SLAM performance, Factorized 3D Scene Graphs incorporate these concepts as optimization factors that constrain relative geometry and enforce global consistency. However, both stages of this process remain largely manual: concepts are typically derived using hand-crafted, concept-specific heuristics, while factors and their covariances are likewise manually designed. This reliance on manual specification limits generalization across diverse environments and scalability to new concept classes. This paper presents a novel learning-based method that infers spatial concepts online from observed vertical planes and introduces them as optimizable factors within a SLAM backend, eliminating the need to handcraft concept generation, factor design, and covariance specification. We evaluate our approach in simulated environments with complex layouts, improving room detection by 20.7% and trajectory estimation by 19.2%. Validated on real construction sites, room detection improves by 5.3% and map matching accuracy by 3.8%.", "Enabling robots to autonomously discover high-level spatial concepts (e.g., rooms and walls) from primitive geometric observations (e.g., planar surfaces) within 3D Scene Graphs is essential for robust indoor navigation and mapping. These graphs provide a hierarchical metric-semantic representation in which such concepts are organized. To further enhance graph-SLAM performance, Factorized 3D Scene Graphs incorporate these concepts as optimization factors that constrain relative geometry and enforce global consistency. However, both stages of this process remain largely manual: concepts are typically derived using hand-crafted, concept-specific heuristics, while factors and their covariances are likewise manually designed. This reliance on manual specification limits generalization across diverse environments and scalability to new concept classes. This paper presents a novel learning-based method that infers spatial concepts online from observed vertical planes and introduces them as optimizable factors within a SLAM backend, eliminating the need to handcraft concept generation, factor design, and covariance specification. We evaluate our approach in simulated environments with complex layouts, improving room detection by 20.7% and trajectory estimation by 19.2%, and further validate it on real construction sites, where room detection improves by 5.3% and map matching accuracy by 3.8%. Results confirm that learned factors can improve their handcrafted counterparts in SLAM systems and serve as a foundation for extending this approach to new spatial concepts.", "This study introduces intelligent frameworks that use Large Language Models (LLMs) to improve task scheduling for construction robots. The LLM is fed with key data about the desired task, such as agent action abilities, and the desired end goal to be achieved. A well-balanced allocation strategy is developed, optimizing both time efficiency and resource utilization. Our system utilizes a Natural Language Processing interface to streamline communication with construction professionals and adapt in real-time to unexpected site conditions. We concurrently use two LLM agents, specifically generator (GPT-4) and supervisor (Gemma 3/Llama 4/Mistral 7b) LLM agents to provide a more precise task schedule. We evaluate the proposed methodology using a straightforward scenario and provide metric scores to prove the efficacy of the frameworks. Our results highlight that the implementation of LLMs is crucial in construction operational tasks including robots."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_building_1a2ebf52b6ae", "question": {"delta_files": ["dea08aaacdb6df99.pdf", "41674881fad3e03b.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/dea08aaacdb6df99.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/41674881fad3e03b.txt"], "object": "4e1f72b5a9e24a87.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"4e1f72b5a9e24a87.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "4e1f72b5a9e24a87"}
+{"answer": {"A": "GLOBUS: GLObal Building heights for Urban Studies", "B": "GLObal Building heights for Urban Studies (UT-GLOBUS) for city- and street- scale urban simulations: Development and first applications"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["6635dccfe579eab3.pdf", "df4ad1c8bfc07f41.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/6635dccfe579eab3.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/df4ad1c8bfc07f41.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "building", "dossier": "336a0bcee34f6d2a", "gold_index": {"A": 3, "B": 1}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["On the moments of Cox rate-and-state models", "GLObal Building heights for Urban Studies (UT-GLOBUS) for city- and street- scale urban simulations: Development and first applications", "Automating the Design of Embodied AgentArchitectures", "GLOBUS: GLObal Building heights for Urban Studies"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_building_f91513a5f200", "question": {"delta_files": ["6635dccfe579eab3.pdf", "df4ad1c8bfc07f41.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/6635dccfe579eab3.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/df4ad1c8bfc07f41.txt"], "object": "336a0bcee34f6d2a.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"336a0bcee34f6d2a.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_title", "unit": "336a0bcee34f6d2a"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Generating controllable and interactive indoor scenes is fundamental to applications in game development, architectural visualization, and embodied AI training. Yet existing approaches either handle a narrow range of input modalities or rely on stochastic processes that hinder controllability. To overcome these limitations, we introduce RoomPilot, a unified framework that parses diverse multi-modal inputs--textual descriptions or CAD floor plans--into an Indoor Domain-Specific Language (IDSL) for indoor structured scene generation. The key insight is that a well-designed IDSL can act as a shared semantic representation, enabling coherent, high-quality scene synthesis from any single modality while maintaining interaction semantics. In contrast to conventional procedural methods that produce visually plausible but functionally inert layouts, RoomPilot leverages a curated dataset of interaction-annotated assets to synthesize environments exhibiting realistic object behaviors. Extensive experiments further validate its strong multi-modal understanding, fine-grained controllability in scene generation, and superior physical consistency and visual fidelity, marking a significant step toward general-purpose controllable 3D indoor scene generation.", "B": "Generating controllable indoor scenes is fundamental to applications in game development, architectural visualization, and embodied AI. However, existing approaches either support a limited input modalities or rely on implicit generation processes that hinder precise control over scene structure and semantics. To address these limitations, we introduce RoomPilot, a unified framework for controllable indoor scene synthesis from multi-modal inputs, including textual descriptions and CAD floor plans. RoomPilot maps heterogeneous inputs into an Indoor Domain-Specific Language (IDSL), which serves as a structured and interpretable semantic representation for describing indoor scenes. Built upon IDSL, RoomPilot presents a hierarchical synthesis pipeline that progressively organizes scenes at the building, room, and object levels, promoting structural coherence and functional consistency across multi-room layouts. Moreover, RoomPilot constructs a curated asset dataset with rich semantic annotations to support high-quality scene synthesis, improving visual realism and appearance consistency. Extensive experiments demonstrate effective multi-modal understanding, fine-grained controllability in scene generation, and improved physical consistency and visual fidelity, marking a significant step toward controllable 3D indoor scene synthesis. Code and model will be available."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["855c738a3f40b67a.pdf", "7a92fe25d2867733.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/855c738a3f40b67a.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/7a92fe25d2867733.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "building", "dossier": "f25a9dbddb3bc45a", "gold_index": {"A": 1, "B": 2}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Understanding the spatiotemporal patterns of human mobility is crucial for addressing societal challenges, such as epidemic control and urban transportation optimization. Despite advancements in data collection, the complexity and scale of mobility data continue to pose significant analytical challenges. Existing methods often result in losing location-specific details and fail to fully capture the intricacies of human movement. This study proposes a two-step dimensionality reduction framework to overcome existing limitations. First, we construct a potential landscape of human flow from origin-destination (OD) matrices using combinatorial Hodge theory, preserving essential spatial and structural information while enabling an intuitive visualization of flow patterns. Second, we apply principal component analysis (PCA) to the potential landscape, systematically identifying major spatiotemporal patterns. By implementing this two-step reduction method, we reveal significant shifts during a pandemic, characterized by an overall declines in mobility and stark contrasts between weekdays and holidays. These findings underscore the effectiveness of our framework in uncovering complex mobility patterns and provide valuable insights into urban planning and public health interventions.", "Generating controllable and interactive indoor scenes is fundamental to applications in game development, architectural visualization, and embodied AI training. Yet existing approaches either handle a narrow range of input modalities or rely on stochastic processes that hinder controllability. To overcome these limitations, we introduce RoomPilot, a unified framework that parses diverse multi-modal inputs--textual descriptions or CAD floor plans--into an Indoor Domain-Specific Language (IDSL) for indoor structured scene generation. The key insight is that a well-designed IDSL can act as a shared semantic representation, enabling coherent, high-quality scene synthesis from any single modality while maintaining interaction semantics. In contrast to conventional procedural methods that produce visually plausible but functionally inert layouts, RoomPilot leverages a curated dataset of interaction-annotated assets to synthesize environments exhibiting realistic object behaviors. Extensive experiments further validate its strong multi-modal understanding, fine-grained controllability in scene generation, and superior physical consistency and visual fidelity, marking a significant step toward general-purpose controllable 3D indoor scene generation.", "Generating controllable indoor scenes is fundamental to applications in game development, architectural visualization, and embodied AI. However, existing approaches either support a limited input modalities or rely on implicit generation processes that hinder precise control over scene structure and semantics. To address these limitations, we introduce RoomPilot, a unified framework for controllable indoor scene synthesis from multi-modal inputs, including textual descriptions and CAD floor plans. RoomPilot maps heterogeneous inputs into an Indoor Domain-Specific Language (IDSL), which serves as a structured and interpretable semantic representation for describing indoor scenes. Built upon IDSL, RoomPilot presents a hierarchical synthesis pipeline that progressively organizes scenes at the building, room, and object levels, promoting structural coherence and functional consistency across multi-room layouts. Moreover, RoomPilot constructs a curated asset dataset with rich semantic annotations to support high-quality scene synthesis, improving visual realism and appearance consistency. Extensive experiments demonstrate effective multi-modal understanding, fine-grained controllability in scene generation, and improved physical consistency and visual fidelity, marking a significant step toward controllable 3D indoor scene synthesis. Code and model will be available.", "This study introduces intelligent frameworks that use Large Language Models (LLMs) to improve task scheduling for construction robots. The LLM is fed with key data about the desired task, such as agent action abilities, and the desired end goal to be achieved. A well-balanced allocation strategy is developed, optimizing both time efficiency and resource utilization. Our system utilizes a Natural Language Processing interface to streamline communication with construction professionals and adapt in real-time to unexpected site conditions. We concurrently use two LLM agents, specifically generator (GPT-4) and supervisor (Gemma 3/Llama 4/Mistral 7b) LLM agents to provide a more precise task schedule. We evaluate the proposed methodology using a straightforward scenario and provide metric scores to prove the efficacy of the frameworks. Our results highlight that the implementation of LLMs is crucial in construction operational tasks including robots."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_building_623c7c2e39b2", "question": {"delta_files": ["855c738a3f40b67a.pdf", "7a92fe25d2867733.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/855c738a3f40b67a.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/7a92fe25d2867733.txt"], "object": "f25a9dbddb3bc45a.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"f25a9dbddb3bc45a.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "f25a9dbddb3bc45a"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Hong Hai Nguyen; Van Thong Huynh", "B": "Tung Hung Bui; Hong Hai Nguyen; Van Thong Huynh"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["7ff0513a83c116c8.pdf", "2da400c6a6dd6385.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/7ff0513a83c116c8.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/2da400c6a6dd6385.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "building", "dossier": "5cf6398e29beed2c", "gold_index": {"A": 3, "B": 0}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Tung Hung Bui; Hong Hai Nguyen; Van Thong Huynh", "Xurui Li; Juanjuan Yao", "Ehsan Naghizadeh; Paolo Tiso; Eleni Chatzi", "Hong Hai Nguyen; Van Thong Huynh"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_building_e3d4aec6cf99", "question": {"delta_files": ["7ff0513a83c116c8.pdf", "2da400c6a6dd6385.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/7ff0513a83c116c8.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/2da400c6a6dd6385.txt"], "object": "5cf6398e29beed2c.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "Who is listed as the author(s) of the PDF document \"5cf6398e29beed2c.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_author_list", "unit": "5cf6398e29beed2c"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Juyi Sheng; Jincheng Li; Mingxin Tan; Mengyuan Liu", "B": "Juyi Sheng; Mingxin Tan; Jincheng Li; Mengyuan Liu"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["2ead76990d829c2d.pdf", "28620f31019b3240.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/2ead76990d829c2d.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/28620f31019b3240.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "building", "dossier": "efabe0202306c23c", "gold_index": {"A": 0, "B": 1}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Juyi Sheng; Jincheng Li; Mingxin Tan; Mengyuan Liu", "Juyi Sheng; Mingxin Tan; Jincheng Li; Mengyuan Liu", "Zhengpeng Feng; Sadiq Jaffer; Ira Shokar; Jovana Knezevic; James Ball; Pedro Sousa; Mark Elvers; Madeline Lisaius; Clement Atzberger; Robin Young; Aneesh Naik; Niall Robinson; David Coomes; Anil Madhavapeddy; Srinivasan Keshav", "Bahador Bahmani; Hyoung Suk Suh; WaiChing Sun"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_building_b391454873f5", "question": {"delta_files": ["2ead76990d829c2d.pdf", "28620f31019b3240.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/2ead76990d829c2d.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/28620f31019b3240.txt"], "object": "efabe0202306c23c.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "Who is the author list of the PDF document \"efabe0202306c23c.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_author_list", "unit": "efabe0202306c23c"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Leading entries on the multi-task track of the 11th ABAW challenge rely on heavy ensembling, yet which member is worth adding to an already strong ensemble is rarely made explicit. We study this question for joint valence-arousal estimation, 8-way expression recognition, and 12-way action-unit detection from a single unconstrained face, under partial, long-tailed labels and a rule that forbids pretraining on Aff-Wild2. Building on a shared affect-latent that marginalizes the missing labels across two affect-supervised backbones, we propose a strength-parity rule: an added member lowers the ensemble error only when it is both decorrelated from the current members and a near-peer of them in individual accuracy. The rule exposes a concrete obstacle, as on a single backbone re-seeding and even distinct fine-tuning curricula re-converge to a prediction correlation of 0.98 and add no diversity. Parameter-isolation removes it: confining each adaptation to a disjoint low-rank subspace of a shared backbone yields experts that stay decorrelated at 0.91 while remaining near-peers, the strongest of them an AffectNet-adapted expert. The resulting system raises the overall validation score to 1.6949, against the organizers ConvNeXt-with-MixAugment baseline of 0.45; with per-AU calibration and by pooling the shared-latent heads valence-arousal byproduct as a further near-peer, the strongest configuration reaches 1.7259.", "B": "Leading entries on the multi-task track of the 11th ABAW challenge rely on heavy ensembling, yet which member is worth adding to an already strong ensemble is rarely made explicit. We study this question for joint valence-arousal estimation, 8-way expression recognition, and 12-way action-unit detection from a single unconstrained face, under partial, long-tailed labels and a rule that forbids pretraining on Aff-Wild2. Building on a shared affect-latent that marginalizes the missing labels across two affect-supervised backbones, we propose a strength-parity rule: an added member lowers the ensemble error only when it is both decorrelated from the current members and a near-peer of them in individual accuracy. The rule exposes a concrete obstacle, as on a single backbone re-seeding and even distinct fine-tuning curricula re-converge to a prediction correlation of 0.98 and add no diversity. Parameter-isolation removes it: confining each adaptation to a disjoint low-rank subspace of a shared backbone yields experts that stay decorrelated at 0.91 while remaining near-peers, the strongest of them an AffectNet-adapted expert. The resulting system raises the overall validation score to 1.6949, against the organizers ConvNeXt-with-MixAugment baseline of 0.45; with per-AU calibration and by pooling the shared-latent heads valence-arousal byproduct as a further near-peer, the strongest configuration reaches 1.7259. Source code are available at https://github.com/cprl-team/MTL-ABAW-11th."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["7ff0513a83c116c8.pdf", "2da400c6a6dd6385.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/7ff0513a83c116c8.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/2da400c6a6dd6385.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "building", "dossier": "5cf6398e29beed2c", "gold_index": {"A": 3, "B": 0}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Leading entries on the multi-task track of the 11th ABAW challenge rely on heavy ensembling, yet which member is worth adding to an already strong ensemble is rarely made explicit. We study this question for joint valence-arousal estimation, 8-way expression recognition, and 12-way action-unit detection from a single unconstrained face, under partial, long-tailed labels and a rule that forbids pretraining on Aff-Wild2. Building on a shared affect-latent that marginalizes the missing labels across two affect-supervised backbones, we propose a strength-parity rule: an added member lowers the ensemble error only when it is both decorrelated from the current members and a near-peer of them in individual accuracy. The rule exposes a concrete obstacle, as on a single backbone re-seeding and even distinct fine-tuning curricula re-converge to a prediction correlation of 0.98 and add no diversity. Parameter-isolation removes it: confining each adaptation to a disjoint low-rank subspace of a shared backbone yields experts that stay decorrelated at 0.91 while remaining near-peers, the strongest of them an AffectNet-adapted expert. The resulting system raises the overall validation score to 1.6949, against the organizers ConvNeXt-with-MixAugment baseline of 0.45; with per-AU calibration and by pooling the shared-latent heads valence-arousal byproduct as a further near-peer, the strongest configuration reaches 1.7259. Source code are available at https://github.com/cprl-team/MTL-ABAW-11th.", "Reinforcement learning (RL) has proven to be particularly effective in solving complex decision-making problems for a wide range of applications. From a control theory perspective, RL can be considered as an adaptive optimal control scheme. Lyapunov and barrier functions are the most commonly used certificates to guarantee system stability for a proposed/derived controller and constraint satisfaction guarantees, respectively, in control theoretic approaches. However, compared to theoretical guarantees available in control theoretic methods, RL lacks closed-loop stability of a computed policy and constraint satisfaction guarantees. Safe reinforcement learning refers to a class of constrained problems where the constraint violations lead to partial or complete system failure. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of safe RL techniques using Lyapunov and barrier functions to guarantee this notion of safety discussed (stability of the system in terms of a computed policy and constraint satisfaction during training and deployment). The different approaches employed are discussed in detail along with their shortcomings and benefits to provide critique and possible future research directions. Key motivation for this review is to discuss current theoretical approaches for safety and stability guarantees in RL similar to control theoretic approaches using Lyapunov and barrier functions. The review provides proven potential and promising scope of providing safety guarantees for complex dynamical systems with operational constraints using model-based and model-free RL.", "Sound effects build an essential layer of multimodal storytelling, shaping the emotional atmosphere and the narrative semantics of videos. Despite recent advancement in video-text-to-audio (VT2A), the current formulation faces three key limitations: First, an imbalance between visual and textual conditioning that leads to visual dominance; Second, the absence of a concrete definition for fine-grained controllable generation; Third, weak instruction understanding and following, as existing datasets rely on brief categorical tags. To address these limitations, we introduce EchoFoley, a new task designed for video-grounded sound generation with both event level local control and hierarchical semantic control. Our symbolic representation for sounding events specifies when, what, and how each sound is produced within a video or instruction, enabling fine-grained controls like sound generation, insertion, and editing. To support this task, we construct EchoFoley-6k, a large-scale, expert-curated benchmark containing over 6,000 video-instruction-annotation triplets. Building upon this foundation, we propose EchoVidia a sounding-event-centric agentic generation framework with slow-fast thinking strategy. Experiments show that EchoVidia surpasses recent VT2A models by 40.7% in controllability and 12.5% in perceptual quality.", "Leading entries on the multi-task track of the 11th ABAW challenge rely on heavy ensembling, yet which member is worth adding to an already strong ensemble is rarely made explicit. We study this question for joint valence-arousal estimation, 8-way expression recognition, and 12-way action-unit detection from a single unconstrained face, under partial, long-tailed labels and a rule that forbids pretraining on Aff-Wild2. Building on a shared affect-latent that marginalizes the missing labels across two affect-supervised backbones, we propose a strength-parity rule: an added member lowers the ensemble error only when it is both decorrelated from the current members and a near-peer of them in individual accuracy. The rule exposes a concrete obstacle, as on a single backbone re-seeding and even distinct fine-tuning curricula re-converge to a prediction correlation of 0.98 and add no diversity. Parameter-isolation removes it: confining each adaptation to a disjoint low-rank subspace of a shared backbone yields experts that stay decorrelated at 0.91 while remaining near-peers, the strongest of them an AffectNet-adapted expert. The resulting system raises the overall validation score to 1.6949, against the organizers ConvNeXt-with-MixAugment baseline of 0.45; with per-AU calibration and by pooling the shared-latent heads valence-arousal byproduct as a further near-peer, the strongest configuration reaches 1.7259."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_building_692583e361ac", "question": {"delta_files": ["7ff0513a83c116c8.pdf", "2da400c6a6dd6385.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/7ff0513a83c116c8.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/2da400c6a6dd6385.txt"], "object": "5cf6398e29beed2c.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"5cf6398e29beed2c.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "5cf6398e29beed2c"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Load uncertainty must be accounted for during design to ensure building energy systems can meet energy demands during operation. Reducing building load uncertainty allows for improved designs with less compromise to be identified, reducing the cost of decarbonizing energy usage. However, the building monitoring required to reduce load uncertainty is costly. This study quantifies the economic benefit of practical building monitoring for supporting energy system design decisions, to determine if its benefits outweigh its cost. Value of Information analysis (VoI) is a numerical framework for quantifying the benefit of uncertainty reduction to support decision making. An extension of the framework, termed 'On-Policy' VoI, is proposed, which admits complex decision making tasks where decision policies are required. This is applied to a case study district energy system design problem, where a Linear Program model is used to size solar-battery systems and grid connection capacity under uncertain building loads, modelled using historic electricity metering data. Load uncertainty is found to have a significant impact on both system operating costs (\\pm30%) and the optimal system design (\\pm20%). However, using building monitoring is found to reduce overall costs by less than 2% on average, less than the cost of measurement, and is therefore not economically worthwhile. This provides the first numerical evidence to support the sufficiency of using standard building load profiles for energy system design. Further, reducing only uncertainty in mean load is found to provide all available decision support benefit, meaning using hourly measurement data provides no benefit for energy retrofit design.", "B": "Load uncertainty must be accounted for during design to ensure building energy systems can meet energy demands during operation. Reducing building load uncertainty allows for improved designs with less compromise to be identified, reducing the cost of decarbonizing energy usage. However, the building monitoring required to reduce load uncertainty is costly. This study uses Value of Information analysis (VoI) to quantify the economic benefit of practical building monitoring for supporting energy system design decisions, and determine if its benefits outweigh its cost. An extension of the VoI framework, termed 'On-Policy' VoI, is proposed, which admits complex decision making tasks where decision policies are required. This is applied to a case study district energy system design problem, where a Linear Program model is used to size solar-battery systems and grid connection capacity under uncertain building loads, modelled using historic electricity metering data. Load uncertainty is found to significantly impact both system operating costs ($\\pm$30%) and the optimal system design ($\\pm$20%). However, using building monitoring data to improve the design of the district reduces overall costs by less than 1.5% on average. As this is less than the cost of measurement, using monitoring is not economically worthwhile in this case. This provides the first numerical evidence to support the sufficiency of using standard building load profiles for energy system design. Further, reducing only uncertainty in mean load is found to provide most of the available decision support benefit, meaning using hourly measurement data provides little benefit for energy retrofit design."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["a61b86f08c523618.pdf", "e2e42f8771e3e47e.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/a61b86f08c523618.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/e2e42f8771e3e47e.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "building", "dossier": "ca1a284f4f8dbfde", "gold_index": {"A": 1, "B": 3}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Buildings account for 40 % of global energy consumption. A considerable portion of building energy consumption stems from heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), and thus implementing smart, energy-efficient HVAC systems has the potential to significantly impact the course of climate change. In recent years, model-free reinforcement learning algorithms have been increasingly assessed for this purpose due to their ability to learn and adapt purely from experience. They have been shown to outperform classical controllers in terms of energy cost and consumption, as well as thermal comfort. However, their weakness lies in their relatively poor data efficiency, requiring long periods of training to reach acceptable policies, making them inapplicable to real-world controllers directly. Hence, common research goals are to improve the learning speed, as well as to improve their ability to generalize, in order to facilitate transfer learning to unseen building environments. In this paper, we take a federated learning approach to training the reinforcement learning controller of an HVAC system. A global control policy is learned by aggregating local policies trained on multiple data centers located in different climate zones. The goal of the policy is to simultaneously minimize energy consumption and maximize thermal comfort. The federated optimization strategy indirectly increases both the rate at which experience data is collected and the variation in the data. We demonstrate through experimental evaluation that these effects lead to a faster learning speed, as well as greater generalization capabilities in the federated policy compared to any individually trained policy.", "Load uncertainty must be accounted for during design to ensure building energy systems can meet energy demands during operation. Reducing building load uncertainty allows for improved designs with less compromise to be identified, reducing the cost of decarbonizing energy usage. However, the building monitoring required to reduce load uncertainty is costly. This study quantifies the economic benefit of practical building monitoring for supporting energy system design decisions, to determine if its benefits outweigh its cost. Value of Information analysis (VoI) is a numerical framework for quantifying the benefit of uncertainty reduction to support decision making. An extension of the framework, termed 'On-Policy' VoI, is proposed, which admits complex decision making tasks where decision policies are required. This is applied to a case study district energy system design problem, where a Linear Program model is used to size solar-battery systems and grid connection capacity under uncertain building loads, modelled using historic electricity metering data. Load uncertainty is found to have a significant impact on both system operating costs (\\pm30%) and the optimal system design (\\pm20%). However, using building monitoring is found to reduce overall costs by less than 2% on average, less than the cost of measurement, and is therefore not economically worthwhile. This provides the first numerical evidence to support the sufficiency of using standard building load profiles for energy system design. Further, reducing only uncertainty in mean load is found to provide all available decision support benefit, meaning using hourly measurement data provides no benefit for energy retrofit design.", "This chapter presents methodological reflections on the necessity and utility of artificial intelligence in generative design. Specifically, the chapter discusses how generative design processes can be augmented by AI to deliver in terms of a few outcomes of interest or performance indicators while dealing with hundreds or thousands of small decisions. The core of the performance-based generative design paradigm is about making statistical or simulation-driven associations between these choices and consequences for mapping and navigating such a complex decision space. This chapter will discuss promising directions in Artificial Intelligence for augmenting decision-making processes in architectural design for mapping and navigating complex design spaces.", "Load uncertainty must be accounted for during design to ensure building energy systems can meet energy demands during operation. Reducing building load uncertainty allows for improved designs with less compromise to be identified, reducing the cost of decarbonizing energy usage. However, the building monitoring required to reduce load uncertainty is costly. This study uses Value of Information analysis (VoI) to quantify the economic benefit of practical building monitoring for supporting energy system design decisions, and determine if its benefits outweigh its cost. An extension of the VoI framework, termed 'On-Policy' VoI, is proposed, which admits complex decision making tasks where decision policies are required. This is applied to a case study district energy system design problem, where a Linear Program model is used to size solar-battery systems and grid connection capacity under uncertain building loads, modelled using historic electricity metering data. Load uncertainty is found to significantly impact both system operating costs ($\\pm$30%) and the optimal system design ($\\pm$20%). However, using building monitoring data to improve the design of the district reduces overall costs by less than 1.5% on average. As this is less than the cost of measurement, using monitoring is not economically worthwhile in this case. This provides the first numerical evidence to support the sufficiency of using standard building load profiles for energy system design. Further, reducing only uncertainty in mean load is found to provide most of the available decision support benefit, meaning using hourly measurement data provides little benefit for energy retrofit design."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_building_acb62eedb7f3", "question": {"delta_files": ["a61b86f08c523618.pdf", "e2e42f8771e3e47e.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/a61b86f08c523618.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/e2e42f8771e3e47e.txt"], "object": "ca1a284f4f8dbfde.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"ca1a284f4f8dbfde.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "ca1a284f4f8dbfde"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Long Story Short: Disentangling Compositionality and Long-Caption Understanding in VLMs", "B": "Long Story Short: Disentangling Compositionality and Long-Caption Understanding in Contrastive VLMs"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["db6e8a0b05e6fb1f.pdf", "c14943883fe5cb44.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/db6e8a0b05e6fb1f.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/c14943883fe5cb44.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "building", "dossier": "63bf6452cae09e90", "gold_index": {"A": 0, "B": 2}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Long Story Short: Disentangling Compositionality and Long-Caption Understanding in VLMs", "Liquid Neural Networks as a Drop-in Continuous-Time Deformation Field for Dynamic 3D Gaussian Splatting", "Long Story Short: Disentangling Compositionality and Long-Caption Understanding in Contrastive VLMs", "MoVerse: Real-Time Video World Modeling with Panoramic Gaussian Scaffold"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_building_1fac70b7598a", "question": {"delta_files": ["db6e8a0b05e6fb1f.pdf", "c14943883fe5cb44.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/db6e8a0b05e6fb1f.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/c14943883fe5cb44.txt"], "object": "63bf6452cae09e90.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"63bf6452cae09e90.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_title", "unit": "63bf6452cae09e90"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Max Fu; Justin Yu; Karim El-Refai; Ethan Kou; Haoru Xue; Huang Huang; Wenli Xiao; Guanzhi Wang; Fei-Fei Li; Guanya Shi; Jiajun Wu; Shankar Sastry; Yuke Zhu; Ken Goldberg; Linxi \"Jim\" Fan", "B": "Letian Fu; Justin Yu; Karim El-Refai; Ethan Kou; Haoru Xue; Huang Huang; Wenli Xiao; Guanzhi Wang; Dantong Niu; Fei-Fei Li; Guanya Shi; Jiajun Wu; Shankar Sastry; Yuke Zhu; Ken Goldberg; Linxi \"Jim\" Fan"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["c6dbefc9a61c06cb.pdf", "c8511498007ec96d.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/c6dbefc9a61c06cb.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/c8511498007ec96d.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "building", "dossier": "f96cd3ab3a6d2f42", "gold_index": {"A": 3, "B": 0}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Letian Fu; Justin Yu; Karim El-Refai; Ethan Kou; Haoru Xue; Huang Huang; Wenli Xiao; Guanzhi Wang; Dantong Niu; Fei-Fei Li; Guanya Shi; Jiajun Wu; Shankar Sastry; Yuke Zhu; Ken Goldberg; Linxi \"Jim\" Fan", "Zhengpeng Feng; Sadiq Jaffer; Ira Shokar; Jovana Knezevic; Mark Elvers; Clement Atzberger; Robin Young; Aneesh Naik; Niall Robinson; Andrew Blake; David Coomes; Anil Madhavapeddy; Srinivasan Keshav", "Wentao Che; Esteban Garcés Arias; Asim Niaz; Andreas Bender; Enrique Jiménez", "Max Fu; Justin Yu; Karim El-Refai; Ethan Kou; Haoru Xue; Huang Huang; Wenli Xiao; Guanzhi Wang; Fei-Fei Li; Guanya Shi; Jiajun Wu; Shankar Sastry; Yuke Zhu; Ken Goldberg; Linxi \"Jim\" Fan"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_building_8f7cd7a7bf59", "question": {"delta_files": ["c6dbefc9a61c06cb.pdf", "c8511498007ec96d.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/c6dbefc9a61c06cb.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/c8511498007ec96d.txt"], "object": "f96cd3ab3a6d2f42.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "Who is in the author list of the PDF document \"f96cd3ab3a6d2f42.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_author_list", "unit": "f96cd3ab3a6d2f42"}
+{"answer": {"A": "MoE-ACT: Improving Surgical Imitation Learning Policies through Supervised Mixture-of-Experts", "B": "Supervised Mixture-of-Experts for Surgical Grasping and Retraction"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["8016c517eb878318.pdf", "bf4e7a4d08429a06.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/8016c517eb878318.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/bf4e7a4d08429a06.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "building", "dossier": "d57978e3f1070147", "gold_index": {"A": 2, "B": 1}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Higher-order transmissibility and its linear approximation for in-service crack identification in train wheelset axles", "Supervised Mixture-of-Experts for Surgical Grasping and Retraction", "MoE-ACT: Improving Surgical Imitation Learning Policies through Supervised Mixture-of-Experts", "Automating the Design of Embodied AgentArchitectures"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_building_c988f00ee156", "question": {"delta_files": ["8016c517eb878318.pdf", "bf4e7a4d08429a06.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/8016c517eb878318.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/bf4e7a4d08429a06.txt"], "object": "d57978e3f1070147.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"d57978e3f1070147.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_title", "unit": "d57978e3f1070147"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Multi-Unit Floor Plan Recognition and Reconstruction Using Improved Semantic Segmentation of Raster-Wise Floor Plans", "B": "Recognizing and Reconstructing a Multi-Unit Floor Plan"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["072947da5ba2b56e.pdf", "d1926f2275652395.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/072947da5ba2b56e.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/d1926f2275652395.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "building", "dossier": "4375c513dc71ae12", "gold_index": {"A": 1, "B": 3}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Real-time Regulation of Detention Ponds via Feedback Control: Balancing Flood Mitigation and Water Quality", "Multi-Unit Floor Plan Recognition and Reconstruction Using Improved Semantic Segmentation of Raster-Wise Floor Plans", "Dynamic models of gentrification", "Recognizing and Reconstructing a Multi-Unit Floor Plan"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_building_ecf0112164c6", "question": {"delta_files": ["072947da5ba2b56e.pdf", "d1926f2275652395.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/072947da5ba2b56e.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/d1926f2275652395.txt"], "object": "4375c513dc71ae12.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"4375c513dc71ae12.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_title", "unit": "4375c513dc71ae12"}
+{"answer": {"A": "On the moments of Cox rate-and-state models", "B": "A Cox rate-and-state model for monitoring seismic hazard in the Groningen gas field"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["f34700f810c1299b.pdf", "c01f8c57c6990b5c.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/f34700f810c1299b.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/c01f8c57c6990b5c.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "building", "dossier": "05016dcf48a96bfb", "gold_index": {"A": 0, "B": 3}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["On the moments of Cox rate-and-state models", "Dynamic models of gentrification", "CORE: Common Outcome Regularities from Action-Free Visual Demonstrations for Robot Manipulation", "A Cox rate-and-state model for monitoring seismic hazard in the Groningen gas field"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_building_84ec51049c20", "question": {"delta_files": ["f34700f810c1299b.pdf", "c01f8c57c6990b5c.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/f34700f810c1299b.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/c01f8c57c6990b5c.txt"], "object": "05016dcf48a96bfb.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"05016dcf48a96bfb.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_title", "unit": "05016dcf48a96bfb"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Rationalising data collection for building energy systems using Value of Information Analysis", "B": "Rationalising data collection for supporting decision making in building energy systems using Value of Information analysis"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["8c68d4b302dcb6ec.pdf", "bf4c85fd50c76189.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/8c68d4b302dcb6ec.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/bf4c85fd50c76189.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "building", "dossier": "13c4aaf3e728bf7e", "gold_index": {"A": 2, "B": 0}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Rationalising data collection for supporting decision making in building energy systems using Value of Information analysis", "Learning to Look Again: Loss-Gap Supervision for Free-form Crop Routing in Vision-Language Models", "Rationalising data collection for building energy systems using Value of Information Analysis", "Bidirectional yet asymmetric causality between urban systems and traffic dynamics in 30 cities worldwide"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_building_35ebc3982d33", "question": {"delta_files": ["8c68d4b302dcb6ec.pdf", "bf4c85fd50c76189.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/8c68d4b302dcb6ec.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/bf4c85fd50c76189.txt"], "object": "13c4aaf3e728bf7e.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"13c4aaf3e728bf7e.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_title", "unit": "13c4aaf3e728bf7e"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Resolution-Independent Neural Operators for Multi-Rate Sparse-View CT", "B": "Resolution-Agnostic Neural Operators for Multi-Rate Sparse-View CT"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["9dc5ca0c4a6c92a1.pdf", "abc43ac257a7eaa1.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/9dc5ca0c4a6c92a1.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/abc43ac257a7eaa1.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "building", "dossier": "0f440e71d1622a47", "gold_index": {"A": 0, "B": 2}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Resolution-Independent Neural Operators for Multi-Rate Sparse-View CT", "Segmenting Low-Contrast XCTs of Concrete: An Unsupervised Approach", "Resolution-Agnostic Neural Operators for Multi-Rate Sparse-View CT", "Rethinking Cross-Layer Information Routing in Diffusion Transformers"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_building_72248b585f26", "question": {"delta_files": ["9dc5ca0c4a6c92a1.pdf", "abc43ac257a7eaa1.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/9dc5ca0c4a6c92a1.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/abc43ac257a7eaa1.txt"], "object": "0f440e71d1622a47.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"0f440e71d1622a47.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_title", "unit": "0f440e71d1622a47"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Robot imitation learning often relies on costly robot demonstrations, while abundant action-free visual demonstrations, such as human videos, are difficult to use because they lack robot-executable actions and suffer from embodiment gaps. We propose CORE, a policy learning framework that extracts Common Outcome Regularities from visual demonstrations. Rather than transferring explicit actions across embodiments, CORE exploits a key observation: although successful trajectories for the same task can be diverse, their terminal states often share stable object configurations, spatial relations, and contact constraints. CORE first trains a terminal outcome encoder with contrastive and auxiliary temporal objectives, then aggregates successful terminal embeddings into visual goal prototypes, and finally injects these prototypes as global goal conditions into robot policies. Compared with language instructions, visual goal prototypes provide more concrete geometric and physical constraints for task completion. Across Meta-World, RoboTwin 2.0, and real-world manipulation, CORE improves the average success rate of the corresponding policy backbones by up to +3.9, +11.1, and +17.0 percentage points, respectively, and outperforms text-conditioned variants under the evaluated settings.", "B": "Robot imitation learning often relies on costly robot demonstrations, while abundant action-free visual demonstrations, such as human videos, are difficult to use because they lack robot-executable actions and suffer from embodiment gaps. We propose CORE, a policy learning framework that extracts Common Outcome Regularities (CORE) from visual demonstrations. Rather than transferring explicit actions across embodiments, CORE exploits a key observation: although successful trajectories for the same task can be diverse, their terminal states often share stable object configurations, spatial relations, and contact constraints. CORE first trains a terminal outcome encoder with contrastive and auxiliary temporal objectives, then aggregates successful terminal embeddings into visual goal prototypes, and finally injects these prototypes as global goal conditions into robot policies. Compared with language instructions, visual goal prototypes provide more concrete geometric and physical constraints for task completion. Across Meta-World, RoboTwin 2.0, and real-world manipulation, CORE improves the average success rate of the corresponding policy backbones by up to +3.9, +11.1, and +17.0 percentage points, respectively, and outperforms text-conditioned variants under the evaluated settings. The project and code are available at https://logssim.github.io/CORE.github.io/."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["2ead76990d829c2d.pdf", "28620f31019b3240.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/2ead76990d829c2d.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/28620f31019b3240.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "building", "dossier": "efabe0202306c23c", "gold_index": {"A": 1, "B": 0}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Robot imitation learning often relies on costly robot demonstrations, while abundant action-free visual demonstrations, such as human videos, are difficult to use because they lack robot-executable actions and suffer from embodiment gaps. We propose CORE, a policy learning framework that extracts Common Outcome Regularities (CORE) from visual demonstrations. Rather than transferring explicit actions across embodiments, CORE exploits a key observation: although successful trajectories for the same task can be diverse, their terminal states often share stable object configurations, spatial relations, and contact constraints. CORE first trains a terminal outcome encoder with contrastive and auxiliary temporal objectives, then aggregates successful terminal embeddings into visual goal prototypes, and finally injects these prototypes as global goal conditions into robot policies. Compared with language instructions, visual goal prototypes provide more concrete geometric and physical constraints for task completion. Across Meta-World, RoboTwin 2.0, and real-world manipulation, CORE improves the average success rate of the corresponding policy backbones by up to +3.9, +11.1, and +17.0 percentage points, respectively, and outperforms text-conditioned variants under the evaluated settings. The project and code are available at https://logssim.github.io/CORE.github.io/.", "Robot imitation learning often relies on costly robot demonstrations, while abundant action-free visual demonstrations, such as human videos, are difficult to use because they lack robot-executable actions and suffer from embodiment gaps. We propose CORE, a policy learning framework that extracts Common Outcome Regularities from visual demonstrations. Rather than transferring explicit actions across embodiments, CORE exploits a key observation: although successful trajectories for the same task can be diverse, their terminal states often share stable object configurations, spatial relations, and contact constraints. CORE first trains a terminal outcome encoder with contrastive and auxiliary temporal objectives, then aggregates successful terminal embeddings into visual goal prototypes, and finally injects these prototypes as global goal conditions into robot policies. Compared with language instructions, visual goal prototypes provide more concrete geometric and physical constraints for task completion. Across Meta-World, RoboTwin 2.0, and real-world manipulation, CORE improves the average success rate of the corresponding policy backbones by up to +3.9, +11.1, and +17.0 percentage points, respectively, and outperforms text-conditioned variants under the evaluated settings.", "Asphalt concrete's (AC) durability and maintenance demands are strongly influenced by its fatigue life. Traditional methods for determining this characteristic are both resource-intensive and time-consuming. This study employs artificial neural networks (ANNs) to predict AC fatigue life, focusing on the impact of strain level, binder content, and air-void content. Leveraging a substantial dataset, we tailored our models to effectively handle the wide range of fatigue life data, typically represented on a logarithmic scale. The mean square logarithmic error was utilized as the loss function to enhance prediction accuracy across all levels of fatigue life. Through comparative analysis of various hyperparameters, we developed a machine-learning model that captures the complex relationships within the data. Our findings demonstrate that higher binder content significantly enhances fatigue life, while the influence of air-void content is more variable, depending on binder levels. Most importantly, this study provides insights into the intricacies of using ANNs for modeling, showcasing their potential utility with larger datasets. The codes developed and the data used in this study are provided as open source on a GitHub repository, with a link included in the paper for full access.", "Tangible control interfaces (TCIs), such as appliance panels, remotes, elevators, and embedded GUIs, are a fundamental component of everyday human-built environments. Interacting with these interfaces requires agents not only to ground language in visual observations,but also to execute actions, track temporally evolving state changes, and verify whether intended outcomes have been achieved. However, existing benchmarks predominantly evaluate open-loop perception or single-step action execution, failing to capture this continuous cycle of interaction, feedback, and correction. We introduce SWITCH, a benchmark for closed-loop interactive reasoning with TCIs in realistic egocentric environments1. SWITCH comprises 1,170 temporally interactive videos across diverse functional categories, providing structured annotations of instructions, actions, state transitions, outcomes, and recovery behaviors over time. To probe generative world modeling, SWITCH also evaluates video generation models on interaction-centered tasks using both LLM-as-judge and human evaluation2.Experiments with frontier proprietary and opensource multimodal models reveal persistent weaknesses in fine-grained visual-temporal perception, outcome verification, and error recovery, highlighting SWITCH as a testbed for closed-loop embodied intelligence."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_building_c42c09442720", "question": {"delta_files": ["2ead76990d829c2d.pdf", "28620f31019b3240.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/2ead76990d829c2d.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/28620f31019b3240.txt"], "object": "efabe0202306c23c.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"efabe0202306c23c.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "efabe0202306c23c"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Rong Fu; Jiekai Wu; Haiyun Wei; Xiaowen Ma; Shiyin Lin; Kangan Qian; Chuang Liu; Jianyuan Ni; Simon James Fong", "B": "Rong Fu; Jiekai Wu; Xiaowen Ma; Shiyin Lin; Kangan Qian; Chuang Liu; Simon James Fong"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["8d8b922276345e44.pdf", "e6b76ff1ad0757c9.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/8d8b922276345e44.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/e6b76ff1ad0757c9.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "building", "dossier": "e1c56ef438a85e87", "gold_index": {"A": 2, "B": 0}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Rong Fu; Jiekai Wu; Xiaowen Ma; Shiyin Lin; Kangan Qian; Chuang Liu; Simon James Fong", "Bingxuan Li; Yiming Cui; Yicheng He; Yiwei Wang; Shu Zhang; Longyin Wen; Yulei Niu", "Rong Fu; Jiekai Wu; Haiyun Wei; Xiaowen Ma; Shiyin Lin; Kangan Qian; Chuang Liu; Jianyuan Ni; Simon James Fong", "Vasilis Michalakopoulos; Sotiris Pelekis; Giorgos Kormpakis; Vagelis Karakolis; Spiros Mouzakitis; Dimitris Askounis"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_building_ef9986a48c97", "question": {"delta_files": ["8d8b922276345e44.pdf", "e6b76ff1ad0757c9.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/8d8b922276345e44.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/e6b76ff1ad0757c9.txt"], "object": "e1c56ef438a85e87.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the author list of the PDF document \"e1c56ef438a85e87.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_author_list", "unit": "e1c56ef438a85e87"}
+{"answer": {"A": "RoomPilot: Controllable Synthesis of Interactive Indoor Environments via Multimodal Semantic Parsing", "B": "RoomPilot: Controllable Indoor Scene Synthesis via Multimodal Semantic Parsing"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["855c738a3f40b67a.pdf", "7a92fe25d2867733.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/855c738a3f40b67a.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/7a92fe25d2867733.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "building", "dossier": "f25a9dbddb3bc45a", "gold_index": {"A": 3, "B": 1}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Edge-Based QoS-Aware Adaptive Task Placement: A Closed-Loop Control in Multi-Robot Systems", "RoomPilot: Controllable Indoor Scene Synthesis via Multimodal Semantic Parsing", "Spatiotemporal Decision Transformer for Traffic Coordination", "RoomPilot: Controllable Synthesis of Interactive Indoor Environments via Multimodal Semantic Parsing"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_building_f8be2c17f4e5", "question": {"delta_files": ["855c738a3f40b67a.pdf", "7a92fe25d2867733.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/855c738a3f40b67a.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/7a92fe25d2867733.txt"], "object": "f25a9dbddb3bc45a.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"f25a9dbddb3bc45a.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_title", "unit": "f25a9dbddb3bc45a"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Segmenting Low-Contrast XCTs of Concretes: An Unsupervised Approach", "B": "Segmenting Low-Contrast XCTs of Concrete: An Unsupervised Approach"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["64bf2501dd0edc1e.pdf", "414ade3fd784f11f.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/64bf2501dd0edc1e.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/414ade3fd784f11f.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "building", "dossier": "fee6627f88501f25", "gold_index": {"A": 1, "B": 0}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Segmenting Low-Contrast XCTs of Concrete: An Unsupervised Approach", "Segmenting Low-Contrast XCTs of Concretes: An Unsupervised Approach", "Resolution-Agnostic Neural Operators for Multi-Rate Sparse-View CT", "Supervised Mixture-of-Experts for Surgical Grasping and Retraction"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_building_b18f16f20d6b", "question": {"delta_files": ["64bf2501dd0edc1e.pdf", "414ade3fd784f11f.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/64bf2501dd0edc1e.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/414ade3fd784f11f.txt"], "object": "fee6627f88501f25.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"fee6627f88501f25.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_title", "unit": "fee6627f88501f25"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Sparse-view Computed Tomography (CT) reconstructs images from a limited number of X-ray projections to reduce radiation and scanning time, which makes reconstruction an ill-posed inverse problem. Deep learning methods achieve high-fidelity reconstructions but often overfit to a fixed acquisition setup, failing to generalize across sampling rates and image resolutions. For example, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) use the same learned kernels across resolutions, leading to artifacts when data resolution changes. We propose Computed Tomography neural Operator (CTO), a unified CT reconstruction framework that extends to continuous function space, enabling generalization (without retraining) across sampling rates and image resolutions. CTO operates jointly in the sinogram and image domains through rotation-equivariant Discrete-Continuous convolutions parametrized in the function space, making it inherently resolution- and sampling-agnostic. Empirically, CTO enables consistent multi-sampling-rate and cross-resolution performance, with on average >4dB PSNR gain over CNNs. Compared to state-of-the-art diffusion methods, CTO is 500$\\times$ faster in inference time with on average 3dB gain. Empirical results also validate our design choices behind CTO's sinogram-space operator learning and rotation-equivariant convolution. Overall, CTO outperforms state-of-the-art baselines across sampling rates and resolutions, offering a scalable and generalizable solution that makes automated CT reconstruction more practical for deployment.", "B": "Sparse-view Computed Tomography (CT) reconstructs images from a limited number of X-ray projections to reduce radiation and scanning time, which is an ill-posed inverse problem. Existing methods achieve high-fidelity reconstructions but overfit to a fixed acquisition setup, failing to generalize well across sampling rates. For example, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) use the same kernels across resolutions, leading to artifacts when data resolution changes. This is a critical limitation in clinical practice, where acquisition sampling settings vary across organs and diagnostic protocols. We propose Computed Tomography neural Operator (CTO), the first neural operator (NO) framework for CT reconstruction. CTO extends learning from fixed discretized grids to continuous function space, enabling a single model to generalize across measurement sampling rates without retraining. We also propose new NO architectural designs for CT: (i) a dual-domain NO architecture in both sinogram and image spaces, capturing complementary spatial-frequency information, and (ii) rotation-equivariant DIScrete-COntinuous convolutions (DISCO) that exploit the rotational structure inherent in tomographic acquisition. Empirically, CTO outperforms CNNs (> 3.4dB PSNR gain) and other baselines in multi-resolution settings across multiple CT datasets. Compared to state-of-the-art diffusion methods, CTO has 500x faster inference with an average 3dB gain. CTO further demonstrates strong out-of-distribution robustness, maintaining gains under cross-dataset transfer and noisy sinogram conditions. Ablation studies also validate each design choice. CTO establishes neural operators as a principled and practical paradigm for flexible, discretization-agnostic CT reconstruction. Our code is available at https://github.com/neuraloperator/sparse_ct."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["9dc5ca0c4a6c92a1.pdf", "abc43ac257a7eaa1.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/9dc5ca0c4a6c92a1.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/abc43ac257a7eaa1.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "building", "dossier": "0f440e71d1622a47", "gold_index": {"A": 0, "B": 1}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Sparse-view Computed Tomography (CT) reconstructs images from a limited number of X-ray projections to reduce radiation and scanning time, which makes reconstruction an ill-posed inverse problem. Deep learning methods achieve high-fidelity reconstructions but often overfit to a fixed acquisition setup, failing to generalize across sampling rates and image resolutions. For example, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) use the same learned kernels across resolutions, leading to artifacts when data resolution changes. We propose Computed Tomography neural Operator (CTO), a unified CT reconstruction framework that extends to continuous function space, enabling generalization (without retraining) across sampling rates and image resolutions. CTO operates jointly in the sinogram and image domains through rotation-equivariant Discrete-Continuous convolutions parametrized in the function space, making it inherently resolution- and sampling-agnostic. Empirically, CTO enables consistent multi-sampling-rate and cross-resolution performance, with on average >4dB PSNR gain over CNNs. Compared to state-of-the-art diffusion methods, CTO is 500$\\times$ faster in inference time with on average 3dB gain. Empirical results also validate our design choices behind CTO's sinogram-space operator learning and rotation-equivariant convolution. Overall, CTO outperforms state-of-the-art baselines across sampling rates and resolutions, offering a scalable and generalizable solution that makes automated CT reconstruction more practical for deployment.", "Sparse-view Computed Tomography (CT) reconstructs images from a limited number of X-ray projections to reduce radiation and scanning time, which is an ill-posed inverse problem. Existing methods achieve high-fidelity reconstructions but overfit to a fixed acquisition setup, failing to generalize well across sampling rates. For example, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) use the same kernels across resolutions, leading to artifacts when data resolution changes. This is a critical limitation in clinical practice, where acquisition sampling settings vary across organs and diagnostic protocols. We propose Computed Tomography neural Operator (CTO), the first neural operator (NO) framework for CT reconstruction. CTO extends learning from fixed discretized grids to continuous function space, enabling a single model to generalize across measurement sampling rates without retraining. We also propose new NO architectural designs for CT: (i) a dual-domain NO architecture in both sinogram and image spaces, capturing complementary spatial-frequency information, and (ii) rotation-equivariant DIScrete-COntinuous convolutions (DISCO) that exploit the rotational structure inherent in tomographic acquisition. Empirically, CTO outperforms CNNs (> 3.4dB PSNR gain) and other baselines in multi-resolution settings across multiple CT datasets. Compared to state-of-the-art diffusion methods, CTO has 500x faster inference with an average 3dB gain. CTO further demonstrates strong out-of-distribution robustness, maintaining gains under cross-dataset transfer and noisy sinogram conditions. Ablation studies also validate each design choice. CTO establishes neural operators as a principled and practical paradigm for flexible, discretization-agnostic CT reconstruction. Our code is available at https://github.com/neuraloperator/sparse_ct.", "This study introduces intelligent frameworks that use Large Language Models (LLMs) to improve task scheduling for construction robots. The LLM is fed with key data about the desired task, such as agent action abilities, and the desired end goal to be achieved. A well-balanced allocation strategy is developed, optimizing both time efficiency and resource utilization. Our system utilizes a Natural Language Processing interface to streamline communication with construction professionals and adapt in real-time to unexpected site conditions. We concurrently use two LLM agents, specifically generator (GPT-4) and supervisor (Gemma 3/Llama 4/Mistral 7b) LLM agents to provide a more precise task schedule. We evaluate the proposed methodology using a straightforward scenario and provide metric scores to prove the efficacy of the frameworks. Our results highlight that the implementation of LLMs is crucial in construction operational tasks including robots.", "X-Ray Computed Tomography (XCT) is a compelling tool in experimental mechanics, capable of non-destructively extracting information pertaining to the internal morphology of materials. For materials with random heterogeneous morphology such as concrete, such information is of particular relevance since it allows for studies of morphology-related behaviour and for predictive modelling. Nevertheless, XCT images require semantic segmentation for practical usage. Here, concrete poses a unique challenge due to the similar X-ray attenuation coefficients of aggregates and mortar, which result in low contrast between the two phases in the ensuing XCT images. As such, purely intensity-dependent semantic segmentation tools remain unfeasible. While vision transformers (ViTs) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are proven techniques for semantic segmentation in such challenging cases, they typically require labelled training data, which is often unavailable for concrete or resource-intensive to obtain, thereby limiting their relevance. To address this challenge, a self-annotation technique is presented here that leverages superpixel algorithms to identify perceptually similar local regions in an image and relates them to the global context by utilizing the receptive field of a CNN-based model. This enables the model to learn a global-local relationship in the images and facilitates the identification of semantically similar structures. When evaluated against manually annotated ground truth on out-of-distribution data, the proposed methodology consistently outperformed direct greyscale thresholding across all pertinent metrics, demonstrating improved discernibility between aggregates and mortar, and providing the most favourable balance of sensitivity and precision for aggregate-phase identification."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_building_0e70a39c81ed", "question": {"delta_files": ["9dc5ca0c4a6c92a1.pdf", "abc43ac257a7eaa1.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/9dc5ca0c4a6c92a1.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/abc43ac257a7eaa1.txt"], "object": "0f440e71d1622a47.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"0f440e71d1622a47.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "0f440e71d1622a47"}
+{"answer": {"A": "This work tests a self-annotation-based unsupervised methodology for training a convolutional neural network (CNN) model for semantic segmentation of X-ray computed tomography (XCT) scans of concretes. Concrete poses a unique challenge for XCT imaging due to similar X-ray attenuation coefficients of aggregates and mortar, resulting in low-contrast between the two phases in the ensuing images. While CNN-based models are a proven technique for semantic segmentation in such challenging cases, they typically require labeled training data, which is often unavailable for new datasets or are costly to obtain. To counter that limitation, a self-annotation technique is used here which leverages superpixel algorithms to identify perceptually similar local regions in an image and relates them to the global context in the image by utilizing the receptive field of a CNN-based model. This enables the model to learn a global-local relationship in the images and enables identification of semantically similar structures. We therefore present the performance of the unsupervised training methodology on our XCT datasets and discuss potential avenues for further improvements.", "B": "X-Ray Computed Tomography (XCT) is a compelling tool in experimental mechanics, capable of non-destructively extracting information pertaining to the internal morphology of materials. For materials with random heterogeneous morphology such as concrete, such information is of particular relevance since it allows for studies of morphology-related behaviour and for predictive modelling. Nevertheless, XCT images require semantic segmentation for practical usage. Here, concrete poses a unique challenge due to the similar X-ray attenuation coefficients of aggregates and mortar, which result in low contrast between the two phases in the ensuing XCT images. As such, purely intensity-dependent semantic segmentation tools remain unfeasible. While vision transformers (ViTs) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are proven techniques for semantic segmentation in such challenging cases, they typically require labelled training data, which is often unavailable for concrete or resource-intensive to obtain, thereby limiting their relevance. To address this challenge, a self-annotation technique is presented here that leverages superpixel algorithms to identify perceptually similar local regions in an image and relates them to the global context by utilizing the receptive field of a CNN-based model. This enables the model to learn a global-local relationship in the images and facilitates the identification of semantically similar structures. When evaluated against manually annotated ground truth on out-of-distribution data, the proposed methodology consistently outperformed direct greyscale thresholding across all pertinent metrics, demonstrating improved discernibility between aggregates and mortar, and providing the most favourable balance of sensitivity and precision for aggregate-phase identification."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["64bf2501dd0edc1e.pdf", "414ade3fd784f11f.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/64bf2501dd0edc1e.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/414ade3fd784f11f.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "building", "dossier": "fee6627f88501f25", "gold_index": {"A": 2, "B": 3}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Benchmarks for Geospatial Foundation Models (GFMs) increasingly rank models by aggregate score, but such rankings obscure why models differ: how much of the gap is architecture, how much is decoder capacity, and how much is a use-case-specific artefact? This study addresses that gap through a controlled comparison of two GFMs developed under European Space Agency's $Φ$-lab with contrasting design philosophies: THOR, which introduces a compute-adaptive architecture supporting variable patch sizes and unifies Sentinel-1, -2, and -3 data at their native resolutions; and TerraMind, a multimodal generative GFM pretrained with a dual-scale token/pixel objective that enables any-to-any cross-modal generation (Thinking-in-Modalities) to infer missing sensors at inference time. Rather than reporting a single leaderboard, we investigate the axes along which the two architectures actually differ - patch size, decoder complexity, finetuning regime, input modality, and model scale - across ten use cases spanning segmentation and regression in diverse domains, including climate disaster response, methane leak detection, snow monitoring, or sea ice mapping. We find that architectural design choices - patch size and decoder type in particular - explain more performance variance than model identity itself, that the two models embody complementary investment strategies (pretraining-time scale for TerraMind versus inference-time tokenisation for THOR), and that correctly interpreting results requires dataset-level characterisation. The resulting picture is not a single winner but a set of hypotheses and a diagnostic ablation methodology that we expect to generalise to future GFMs beyond THOR and TerraMind.", "To monitor the seismic hazard in the Groningen gas field, we modify the rate-and-state model that relates changes in pore pressure to induced seismic hazard by allowing for noise in pore pressure measurements and by explicitly taking into account gas production volumes. We analyse the first and second-moment structure of the resulting Cox process, propose an unbiased estimating equation approach for the unknown model parameters and derive the posterior distribution of the driving random measure. We use a parallel Metropolis adjusted Langevin algorithm for sampling from the posterior and to monitor the hazard.", "This work tests a self-annotation-based unsupervised methodology for training a convolutional neural network (CNN) model for semantic segmentation of X-ray computed tomography (XCT) scans of concretes. Concrete poses a unique challenge for XCT imaging due to similar X-ray attenuation coefficients of aggregates and mortar, resulting in low-contrast between the two phases in the ensuing images. While CNN-based models are a proven technique for semantic segmentation in such challenging cases, they typically require labeled training data, which is often unavailable for new datasets or are costly to obtain. To counter that limitation, a self-annotation technique is used here which leverages superpixel algorithms to identify perceptually similar local regions in an image and relates them to the global context in the image by utilizing the receptive field of a CNN-based model. This enables the model to learn a global-local relationship in the images and enables identification of semantically similar structures. We therefore present the performance of the unsupervised training methodology on our XCT datasets and discuss potential avenues for further improvements.", "X-Ray Computed Tomography (XCT) is a compelling tool in experimental mechanics, capable of non-destructively extracting information pertaining to the internal morphology of materials. For materials with random heterogeneous morphology such as concrete, such information is of particular relevance since it allows for studies of morphology-related behaviour and for predictive modelling. Nevertheless, XCT images require semantic segmentation for practical usage. Here, concrete poses a unique challenge due to the similar X-ray attenuation coefficients of aggregates and mortar, which result in low contrast between the two phases in the ensuing XCT images. As such, purely intensity-dependent semantic segmentation tools remain unfeasible. While vision transformers (ViTs) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are proven techniques for semantic segmentation in such challenging cases, they typically require labelled training data, which is often unavailable for concrete or resource-intensive to obtain, thereby limiting their relevance. To address this challenge, a self-annotation technique is presented here that leverages superpixel algorithms to identify perceptually similar local regions in an image and relates them to the global context by utilizing the receptive field of a CNN-based model. This enables the model to learn a global-local relationship in the images and facilitates the identification of semantically similar structures. When evaluated against manually annotated ground truth on out-of-distribution data, the proposed methodology consistently outperformed direct greyscale thresholding across all pertinent metrics, demonstrating improved discernibility between aggregates and mortar, and providing the most favourable balance of sensitivity and precision for aggregate-phase identification."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_building_382d6f261869", "question": {"delta_files": ["64bf2501dd0edc1e.pdf", "414ade3fd784f11f.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/64bf2501dd0edc1e.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/414ade3fd784f11f.txt"], "object": "fee6627f88501f25.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"fee6627f88501f25.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "fee6627f88501f25"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Understanding how urban systems and traffic dynamics co-evolve is crucial for advancing sustainable and resilient cities. However, their bidirectional causal relationships remain underexplored due to challenges of simultaneously inferring spatial heterogeneity, temporal variation, and feedback mechanisms. To address this gap, we propose a novel spatio-temporal causality framework that bridges correlation and causation by integrating spatio-temporal weighted regression with a newly developed spatio-temporal convergent cross-mapping approach. Characterizing cities through urban structure, form, and function, the framework uncovers bidirectional causal patterns between urban systems and traffic dynamics across 30 cities on six continents. Our findings reveal asymmetric bidirectional causality, with urban systems exerting stronger influences on traffic dynamics than the reverse in most cities. Urban form and function shape mobility more profoundly than structure, even though structure often exhibits higher correlations, as observed in cities such as Singapore, New Delhi, London, Chicago, and Moscow. This does not preclude the reversed causal direction, whereby long-established mobility patterns can also reshape the built environment over time. Finally, we identify three distinct causal archetypes: tightly coupled, pattern-heterogeneous, and workday-attenuated, which map pathways from causal diagnosis to intervention. This typology supports city-to-city learning and lays a foundation for context-sensitive strategies in sustainable urban and transport planning.", "B": "Understanding how urban systems and traffic dynamics co-evolve is crucial for advancing sustainable and resilient cities. However, their bidirectional causal relationships remain underexplored due to challenges of simultaneously inferring spatial heterogeneity, temporal variation, and feedback mechanisms. Here we present a spatio-temporal causality framework that bridges correlation and causation by integrating spatio-temporal weighted regression with spatio-temporal convergent cross-mapping. Characterizing cities through urban structure, form, and function, the framework uncovers bidirectional causal patterns between urban systems and traffic dynamics across 30 cities on six continents. Our findings reveal asymmetric bidirectional causality, with urban systems exerting stronger influences on traffic dynamics than the reverse in most cities. Urban form and function shape mobility more profoundly than structure, even though structure often exhibits higher correlations. This does not preclude the reversed causal direction, whereby long-established mobility patterns can also reshape the built environment over time. Finally, we identify three causal archetypes: tightly coupled, pattern-heterogeneous, and workday-attenuated, which support city-to-city learning and inform context-sensitive strategies in sustainable urban and transport planning."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["b12b102abff2f27e.pdf", "d139b4bfbeaef4ff.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/b12b102abff2f27e.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/d139b4bfbeaef4ff.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "building", "dossier": "3125182cb5ac6bba", "gold_index": {"A": 0, "B": 1}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Understanding how urban systems and traffic dynamics co-evolve is crucial for advancing sustainable and resilient cities. However, their bidirectional causal relationships remain underexplored due to challenges of simultaneously inferring spatial heterogeneity, temporal variation, and feedback mechanisms. To address this gap, we propose a novel spatio-temporal causality framework that bridges correlation and causation by integrating spatio-temporal weighted regression with a newly developed spatio-temporal convergent cross-mapping approach. Characterizing cities through urban structure, form, and function, the framework uncovers bidirectional causal patterns between urban systems and traffic dynamics across 30 cities on six continents. Our findings reveal asymmetric bidirectional causality, with urban systems exerting stronger influences on traffic dynamics than the reverse in most cities. Urban form and function shape mobility more profoundly than structure, even though structure often exhibits higher correlations, as observed in cities such as Singapore, New Delhi, London, Chicago, and Moscow. This does not preclude the reversed causal direction, whereby long-established mobility patterns can also reshape the built environment over time. Finally, we identify three distinct causal archetypes: tightly coupled, pattern-heterogeneous, and workday-attenuated, which map pathways from causal diagnosis to intervention. This typology supports city-to-city learning and lays a foundation for context-sensitive strategies in sustainable urban and transport planning.", "Understanding how urban systems and traffic dynamics co-evolve is crucial for advancing sustainable and resilient cities. However, their bidirectional causal relationships remain underexplored due to challenges of simultaneously inferring spatial heterogeneity, temporal variation, and feedback mechanisms. Here we present a spatio-temporal causality framework that bridges correlation and causation by integrating spatio-temporal weighted regression with spatio-temporal convergent cross-mapping. Characterizing cities through urban structure, form, and function, the framework uncovers bidirectional causal patterns between urban systems and traffic dynamics across 30 cities on six continents. Our findings reveal asymmetric bidirectional causality, with urban systems exerting stronger influences on traffic dynamics than the reverse in most cities. Urban form and function shape mobility more profoundly than structure, even though structure often exhibits higher correlations. This does not preclude the reversed causal direction, whereby long-established mobility patterns can also reshape the built environment over time. Finally, we identify three causal archetypes: tightly coupled, pattern-heterogeneous, and workday-attenuated, which support city-to-city learning and inform context-sensitive strategies in sustainable urban and transport planning.", "Load uncertainty must be accounted for during design to ensure building energy systems can meet energy demands during operation. Reducing building load uncertainty allows for improved designs with less compromise to be identified, reducing the cost of decarbonizing energy usage. However, the building monitoring required to reduce load uncertainty is costly. This study uses Value of Information analysis (VoI) to quantify the economic benefit of practical building monitoring for supporting energy system design decisions, and determine if its benefits outweigh its cost. An extension of the VoI framework, termed 'On-Policy' VoI, is proposed, which admits complex decision making tasks where decision policies are required. This is applied to a case study district energy system design problem, where a Linear Program model is used to size solar-battery systems and grid connection capacity under uncertain building loads, modelled using historic electricity metering data. Load uncertainty is found to significantly impact both system operating costs ($\\pm$30%) and the optimal system design ($\\pm$20%). However, using building monitoring data to improve the design of the district reduces overall costs by less than 1.5% on average. As this is less than the cost of measurement, using monitoring is not economically worthwhile in this case. This provides the first numerical evidence to support the sufficiency of using standard building load profiles for energy system design. Further, reducing only uncertainty in mean load is found to provide most of the available decision support benefit, meaning using hourly measurement data provides little benefit for energy retrofit design.", "Rate-and-state models are widely used physical models for the relation between changes in pore pressure due to fluid injection or gas extraction and the induced seismic hazard in a field. We consider the modification where the pore pressure measurements are affected by noise and provide explicit expressions for the first and second moments of the state variable. We show that when the pressure increases, there is positive correlation. In the case of decreasing pressure, both positive and negative correlation is possible. Using the delta method, approximate first and second moments of the rate variable are derived and compared to empirical moments."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_building_4d95ee85adff", "question": {"delta_files": ["b12b102abff2f27e.pdf", "d139b4bfbeaef4ff.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/b12b102abff2f27e.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/d139b4bfbeaef4ff.txt"], "object": "3125182cb5ac6bba.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"3125182cb5ac6bba.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "3125182cb5ac6bba"}
diff --git a/release/gold/T5/education.jsonl b/release/gold/T5/education.jsonl
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+{"answer": {"A": "Affective polarization and increasing social divisions affect social mixing and the spread of information across online and physical spaces, reinforcing social and electoral cleavages and influencing political outcomes. Here, using aggregated and de-identified co-location and online network data, we investigate the relationship between partisan exposure and voting patterns in the USA by comparing three dimensions of partisan exposure: physical proximity and exposure to the same social contexts, online social ties, and residential sorting. By leveraging various statistical modeling approaches, we consistently find that partisan exposure in the physical space, as captured by co-location patterns, more accurately predicts electoral outcomes in US counties, outperforming online and residential exposures across metropolitan and non-metro areas. Moreover, our results show that physical partisan proximity is the best predictor of voting patterns in swing counties, where the election results are most uncertain. We also estimate county-level experienced partisan segregation and examine its relationship with individuals' demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Focusing on metropolitan areas, our results confirm the presence of extensive partisan segregation in the US and show that offline partisan isolation, both considering physical encounters or residential sorting, is higher than online segregation and is primarily associated with educational attainment. Our findings emphasize the importance of physical space in understanding the relationship between social networks and political behavior, in contrast to the intense scrutiny focused on online social networks and elections.", "B": "Affective polarization and increasing social divisions affect social mixing and the spread of information across online and physical spaces, reinforcing social and electoral cleavages and influencing political outcomes. Here, using individual survey data and aggregated and de-identified co-location and online network data, we investigate the relationship between partisan exposure and vote choice in the US by comparing offline and online dimensions of partisan exposure. By leveraging various statistical modeling approaches, we consistently find that partisan exposure in the physical space, as captured by co-location patterns, more accurately predicts electoral outcomes in US counties, outperforming online and residential exposures. Similarly, offline ties at the individual level better predict vote choice compared to online connections. We also estimate county-level experienced partisan segregation and examine its relationship with individuals' demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Focusing on metropolitan areas, our results confirm the presence of extensive partisan segregation in the US and show that offline partisan isolation, both considering physical encounters or residential sorting, is higher than online segregation and is primarily associated with educational attainment. Our findings emphasize the importance of physical space in understanding the relationship between social networks and political behavior, in contrast to the intense scrutiny focused on online social networks and elections."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["72ea55b4a9117f92.pdf", "c6ffe5c910ecd3bc.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/72ea55b4a9117f92.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/c6ffe5c910ecd3bc.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "education", "dossier": "c1a6fe61f5714cc4", "gold_index": {"A": 3, "B": 1}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Open Educational Resources (OER) are freely available teaching and learning materials, such as textbooks, videos, and interactive games, that can be used, reused, adapted, and shared. OER can leverage access, collaboration, and innovation in education; however, their adoption and long-term use remain limited. Motivated by this issue, this manuscript examined the literature and identified 26 social, economic, and technical barriers that hinder teachers, students, and institutions from creating, using, and maintaining OER. These barriers were evaluated through semi-structured interviews with experts to ensure their understandability, correctness, completeness, and relevance. We adopted a four-step research method: (1) a tertiary study that identified barriers from 26 secondary studies; (2) analysis and classification of the barriers according to social, economic, and technical dimensions and the OER lifecycle activities they affect; (3) design of the conceptual model to represent relationships among OER elements, barriers, and mitigation actions; and (4) evaluation through expert interviews. These barriers are also illustrated using a real-world OER. The findings provide insights for the education community, supporting inclusive strategies, institutional actions, and public policies to reduce social, economic, and technical barriers to OER. By addressing factors that affect accessibility, sustainability, and equitable participation, this manuscript advances universal access to educational resources and fosters more inclusive educational ecosystems.", "Affective polarization and increasing social divisions affect social mixing and the spread of information across online and physical spaces, reinforcing social and electoral cleavages and influencing political outcomes. Here, using individual survey data and aggregated and de-identified co-location and online network data, we investigate the relationship between partisan exposure and vote choice in the US by comparing offline and online dimensions of partisan exposure. By leveraging various statistical modeling approaches, we consistently find that partisan exposure in the physical space, as captured by co-location patterns, more accurately predicts electoral outcomes in US counties, outperforming online and residential exposures. Similarly, offline ties at the individual level better predict vote choice compared to online connections. We also estimate county-level experienced partisan segregation and examine its relationship with individuals' demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Focusing on metropolitan areas, our results confirm the presence of extensive partisan segregation in the US and show that offline partisan isolation, both considering physical encounters or residential sorting, is higher than online segregation and is primarily associated with educational attainment. Our findings emphasize the importance of physical space in understanding the relationship between social networks and political behavior, in contrast to the intense scrutiny focused on online social networks and elections.", "Machine learning (ML) has become a go-to solution for improving how we use, experience, and interact with technology (and the world around us). Unfortunately, studies have repeatedly shown that machine learning technologies may not provide adequate support for societal identities and experiences. Intersectionality is a sociological framework that provides a mechanism for explicitly considering complex social identities, focusing on social justice and power. While the framework of intersectionality can support the development of technologies that acknowledge and support all members of society, it has been adopted and adapted in ways that are not always true to its foundations, thereby weakening its potential for impact. To support the appropriate adoption and use of intersectionality for more equitable technological outcomes, we amplify the foundational intersectionality scholarship--Crenshaw, Combahee, and Collins (three C's), to create a socially relevant preliminary framework in developing machine-learning solutions. We use this framework to evaluate and report on the (mis)alignments of intersectionality application in machine learning literature.", "Affective polarization and increasing social divisions affect social mixing and the spread of information across online and physical spaces, reinforcing social and electoral cleavages and influencing political outcomes. Here, using aggregated and de-identified co-location and online network data, we investigate the relationship between partisan exposure and voting patterns in the USA by comparing three dimensions of partisan exposure: physical proximity and exposure to the same social contexts, online social ties, and residential sorting. By leveraging various statistical modeling approaches, we consistently find that partisan exposure in the physical space, as captured by co-location patterns, more accurately predicts electoral outcomes in US counties, outperforming online and residential exposures across metropolitan and non-metro areas. Moreover, our results show that physical partisan proximity is the best predictor of voting patterns in swing counties, where the election results are most uncertain. We also estimate county-level experienced partisan segregation and examine its relationship with individuals' demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Focusing on metropolitan areas, our results confirm the presence of extensive partisan segregation in the US and show that offline partisan isolation, both considering physical encounters or residential sorting, is higher than online segregation and is primarily associated with educational attainment. Our findings emphasize the importance of physical space in understanding the relationship between social networks and political behavior, in contrast to the intense scrutiny focused on online social networks and elections."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_education_642e10cd0769", "question": {"delta_files": ["72ea55b4a9117f92.pdf", "c6ffe5c910ecd3bc.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/72ea55b4a9117f92.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/c6ffe5c910ecd3bc.txt"], "object": "c1a6fe61f5714cc4.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"c1a6fe61f5714cc4.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "c1a6fe61f5714cc4"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Artificial models that simulate how learners act and respond within educational systems are a promising tool for evaluating tutoring strategies and feedback mechanisms at scale. However, many existing approaches in programming education rely on prompting large, proprietary language models, raising concerns around privacy, cost, and dependence. In this work, we propose a method for training open-weight artificial programming learners using authentic student process data. Our approach serializes temporal log traces into a conversational format, representing each student's problem-solving process as a dialogue between the learner and their automated assessment system. Student code submissions and environment feedback, such as test outcomes, grades, and error traces, form alternating conversational turns, enabling models to learn from the iterative debugging process. We additionally introduce a training pipeline combining supervised fine-tuning with preference optimization to align models with authentic student debugging behavior. We evaluate our framework by training Qwen models at 4B and 8B scales on a large-scale dataset of real student submissions to Python programming assignments. Our results show that incorporating environment feedback strengthens the models' ability to replicate student debugging behavior, improving over both prior code-only approaches and prompted large language models baselines in functional alignment and code similarity. We release our code to support reproducibility.", "B": "Artificial students -- models that simulate how learners act and respond within educational systems -- are a promising tool for evaluating tutoring strategies and feedback mechanisms at scale. However, most existing approaches rely on prompting large, proprietary language models, limiting adaptability to specific courses and raising concerns around privacy, cost, and dependence. In this work, we propose a framework for training open-weight artificial programming learners directly from authentic student process data. Our approach serializes temporal log traces into a conversational format, representing each student's problem-solving process as a dialogue between the learner and their automated assessment system. Student code submissions and environment feedback, such as test outcomes, grades, and error traces, form alternating conversational turns, enabling models to learn from the iterative debugging process. We additionally introduce a training pipeline combining supervised fine-tuning with preference optimization to align models with authentic student debugging behavior. We evaluate our framework by training Qwen models at 4B and 8B scales on a large-scale dataset of real student submissions to Python programming assignments. Our results show that incorporating environment feedback strengthens models' ability to replicate student debugging behavior, improving over both prior code-only approaches and prompted large language models baselines in functional alignment and code similarity. We release our code to support reproducibility."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["8854c4d54ed37f1c.pdf", "2b8f084e578dd34a.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/8854c4d54ed37f1c.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/2b8f084e578dd34a.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "education", "dossier": "95f4333cd46ace10", "gold_index": {"A": 2, "B": 1}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Automated Essay Scoring (AES) has emerged to prominence in response to the growing demand for educational automation. Providing an objective and cost-effective solution, AES standardises the assessment of extended responses. Although substantial research has been conducted in this domain, recent investigations reveal that alternative deep-learning architectures outperform transformer-based models. Despite the successful dominance in the performance of the transformer architectures across various other tasks, this discrepancy has prompted a need to enrich transformer-based AES models through contextual enrichment. This study delves into diverse contextual factors using the ASAP-AES dataset, analysing their impact on transformer-based model performance. Our most effective model, augmented with multiple contextual dimensions, achieves a mean Quadratic Weighted Kappa score of 0.823 across the entire essay dataset and 0.8697 when trained on individual essay sets. Evidently surpassing prior transformer-based models, this augmented approach only underperforms relative to the state-of-the-art deep learning model trained essay-set-wise by an average of 3.83\\% while exhibiting superior performance in three of the eight sets. Importantly, this enhancement is orthogonal to architecture-based advancements and seamlessly adaptable to any AES model. Consequently, this contextual augmentation methodology presents a versatile technique for refining AES capabilities, contributing to automated grading and evaluation evolution in educational settings.", "Artificial students -- models that simulate how learners act and respond within educational systems -- are a promising tool for evaluating tutoring strategies and feedback mechanisms at scale. However, most existing approaches rely on prompting large, proprietary language models, limiting adaptability to specific courses and raising concerns around privacy, cost, and dependence. In this work, we propose a framework for training open-weight artificial programming learners directly from authentic student process data. Our approach serializes temporal log traces into a conversational format, representing each student's problem-solving process as a dialogue between the learner and their automated assessment system. Student code submissions and environment feedback, such as test outcomes, grades, and error traces, form alternating conversational turns, enabling models to learn from the iterative debugging process. We additionally introduce a training pipeline combining supervised fine-tuning with preference optimization to align models with authentic student debugging behavior. We evaluate our framework by training Qwen models at 4B and 8B scales on a large-scale dataset of real student submissions to Python programming assignments. Our results show that incorporating environment feedback strengthens models' ability to replicate student debugging behavior, improving over both prior code-only approaches and prompted large language models baselines in functional alignment and code similarity. We release our code to support reproducibility.", "Artificial models that simulate how learners act and respond within educational systems are a promising tool for evaluating tutoring strategies and feedback mechanisms at scale. However, many existing approaches in programming education rely on prompting large, proprietary language models, raising concerns around privacy, cost, and dependence. In this work, we propose a method for training open-weight artificial programming learners using authentic student process data. Our approach serializes temporal log traces into a conversational format, representing each student's problem-solving process as a dialogue between the learner and their automated assessment system. Student code submissions and environment feedback, such as test outcomes, grades, and error traces, form alternating conversational turns, enabling models to learn from the iterative debugging process. We additionally introduce a training pipeline combining supervised fine-tuning with preference optimization to align models with authentic student debugging behavior. We evaluate our framework by training Qwen models at 4B and 8B scales on a large-scale dataset of real student submissions to Python programming assignments. Our results show that incorporating environment feedback strengthens the models' ability to replicate student debugging behavior, improving over both prior code-only approaches and prompted large language models baselines in functional alignment and code similarity. We release our code to support reproducibility.", "Objectives: When students use generative AI in coursework, what are its persistent effects on their intellectual development? We investigate (RQ1-How) how students' trust in and routine use of genAI affect their cognitive engagement habits in STEM coursework, and (RQ2-Who) which students are particularly vulnerable to cognitive disengagement. Method: Drawing on dual-process, cognitive offloading, and automation bias theories, we developed a statistical model explaining how and to what extent students' trust-driven routine genAI use affected their cognitive engagement -- specifically, reflection, the need for understanding, and critical thinking in coursework, and how these effects differed across students' cognitive styles. We empirically evaluated this model using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling on survey data from 299 STEM students across five North American universities. Results: Students who trusted and routinely used genAI reported significantly lower cognitive engagement. Unexpectedly, students with higher technophilic motivations, risk tolerance, and computer self-efficacy -- traits often celebrated in STEM -- were more prone to these effects. Interestingly, students' prior experience with genAI or academia did not protect them from cognitively disengaging. Implications: Our findings suggest a potential cognitive debt cycle where routine genAI use weakens students' intellectual habits, potentially driving and escalating over-reliance. This poses challenges for curricula and genAI system design, requiring interventions that actively support cognitive engagement."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_education_716507f2baca", "question": {"delta_files": ["8854c4d54ed37f1c.pdf", "2b8f084e578dd34a.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/8854c4d54ed37f1c.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/2b8f084e578dd34a.txt"], "object": "95f4333cd46ace10.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"95f4333cd46ace10.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "95f4333cd46ace10"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Automation affects the labour content of work differently across different contexts. Yet, most existing exposure measures assign fixed scores to tasks or occupations, limiting comparisons of automation exposure across countries. We develop a task-based and country-specific approach to classify automation exposure across the world to disentangle labor-substituting from labor-augmenting automation, the relevant technology channel, and the material role of AI. Our measure spans 124 countries, generating an atlas of 2.33 million task-country labels for economies covering 99% of world population and GDP. We present five descriptive results. First, exposure is highly uneven, ranging from 3.3% of tasks in South Sudan to 61.6% in China, and rises strongly with income, although substantial variation remains within income groups. Second, across countries, exposed tasks are skewed towards substitution rather than augmentation, but low-income countries are disproportionately exposed to substitution, whereas middle-income countries are more heterogeneous. Third, less technologically advanced forms of automation account for more than half of exposed tasks in low-income countries but about one quarter in high-income countries; while other more complex channels generally rise with income levels. Fourth, AI tends to be less prevalent in simpler channels of automation, but also more prevalent in labour-substituting margins in lower income settings and to augment labour in higher income settings. Fifth, we find that females seem to be disproportionately more exposed to labour-substituting automation than males. Our methodology provides a basis for comparing automation exposure across development stages, linking it with cross-country data and allowing us to treat exposure levels, labour margins, technological channels and AI involvement as separate dimensions.", "B": "Automation can displace or complement labour, but this need not be constant across economies. Existing exposure measures typically assign fixed scores to tasks or occupations and capture cross-country variation through employment structure. Here we show that feasible automation depends jointly on task content and country-level conditions. We use a large language model to classify 18,797 work tasks in 124 economies by exposure, labour margin, technology channel and artificial-intelligence materiality. Construct-matched components of the measure correlate strongly with established exposure indices, observed work-related ChatGPT use, AI preparedness and firm-reported adoption. The exposed share of tasks ranges from 3.3% to 61.6%, rises with income yet remains heterogeneous within income groups. Lower-income economies are more concentrated in rule-based and labour-substituting forms of automation, whereas physical execution, planning and inference channels, together with labour-augmenting uses of artificial intelligence, become more prominent with development. Country conditioning changes occupation exposure rankings, especially in lower-income economies. Combined with employment data, we find that women are disproportionately employed in occupations with substitution-facing exposure. Machine-learning hypothesis generation identifies digital records, capital equipment, local judgement, trust-based markets and data integration as conditions associated with exposure differences."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["9af2af83ac0b3c00.pdf", "8e8ed55b1d4fc17f.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/9af2af83ac0b3c00.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/8e8ed55b1d4fc17f.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "education", "dossier": "dc641467852c0d92", "gold_index": {"A": 3, "B": 0}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Automation can displace or complement labour, but this need not be constant across economies. Existing exposure measures typically assign fixed scores to tasks or occupations and capture cross-country variation through employment structure. Here we show that feasible automation depends jointly on task content and country-level conditions. We use a large language model to classify 18,797 work tasks in 124 economies by exposure, labour margin, technology channel and artificial-intelligence materiality. Construct-matched components of the measure correlate strongly with established exposure indices, observed work-related ChatGPT use, AI preparedness and firm-reported adoption. The exposed share of tasks ranges from 3.3% to 61.6%, rises with income yet remains heterogeneous within income groups. Lower-income economies are more concentrated in rule-based and labour-substituting forms of automation, whereas physical execution, planning and inference channels, together with labour-augmenting uses of artificial intelligence, become more prominent with development. Country conditioning changes occupation exposure rankings, especially in lower-income economies. Combined with employment data, we find that women are disproportionately employed in occupations with substitution-facing exposure. Machine-learning hypothesis generation identifies digital records, capital equipment, local judgement, trust-based markets and data integration as conditions associated with exposure differences.", "High dropout rates in engineering programmes are conventionally attributed to student deficits: lack of academic preparation or motivation. However, this view neglects the causal role of \"normative friction\": the complex system of administrative rules, exam validity windows, and prerequisite chains that constrain student progression. This paper introduces \"The Regularity Trap,\" a phenomenon where rigid assessment timelines decouple learning from accreditation. We operationalize the CAPIRE framework into a calibrated Agent-Based Model (ABM) simulating 1,343 student trajectories across a 42-course Civil Engineering curriculum. The model integrates empirical course parameters and thirteen psycho-academic archetypes derived from a 15-year longitudinal dataset. By formalizing the \"Regularity Regime\" as a decaying validity function, we isolate the effect of administrative time limits on attrition. Results reveal that 86.4% of observed dropouts are driven by normative mechanisms (expiry cascades) rather than purely academic failure (5.3%). While the overall dropout rate stabilized at 32.4%, vulnerability was highly heterogeneous: archetypes with myopic planning horizons faced attrition rates up to 49.0%, compared to 13.2% for strategic agents, despite comparable academic ability. These findings challenge the neutrality of administrative structures, suggesting that rigid validity windows act as an invisible filter that disproportionately penalizes students with lower self-regulatory capital.", "Understanding learning as a dynamic process is challenging due to the interaction of multiple factors, including cognitive load, internal state change, and subjective evaluation. Existing approaches often address these elements in isolation, limiting the ability to describe learning phenomena within a unified and structurally explicit framework. This paper proposes a multi-layer formal descriptive framework for learning dynamics. Rather than offering a predictive or prescriptive model, the framework introduces a symbolic language composed of state variables, mappings, and layer-specific responsibilities, enabling consistent description of learning processes without commitment to specific functional forms or optimization objectives. This descriptive framework is intended to serve as a structural substrate for analyzing learning processes in human learners, and by extension, in adaptive and Al-assisted learning systems. A central design principle is the explicit separation of descriptive responsibilities across layers, distinguishing load generation, internal understanding transformation, observation, and evaluation. Within this structure, cognitive load is treated as a relational quantity arising from interactions between external input and internal organization, while subjective evaluation is modeled as a minimal regulatory interface responding to learning dynamics and environmental conditions. By emphasizing descriptive clarity and extensibility, the framework provides a common language for organizing existing theories and supporting future empirical and theoretical work.", "Automation affects the labour content of work differently across different contexts. Yet, most existing exposure measures assign fixed scores to tasks or occupations, limiting comparisons of automation exposure across countries. We develop a task-based and country-specific approach to classify automation exposure across the world to disentangle labor-substituting from labor-augmenting automation, the relevant technology channel, and the material role of AI. Our measure spans 124 countries, generating an atlas of 2.33 million task-country labels for economies covering 99% of world population and GDP. We present five descriptive results. First, exposure is highly uneven, ranging from 3.3% of tasks in South Sudan to 61.6% in China, and rises strongly with income, although substantial variation remains within income groups. Second, across countries, exposed tasks are skewed towards substitution rather than augmentation, but low-income countries are disproportionately exposed to substitution, whereas middle-income countries are more heterogeneous. Third, less technologically advanced forms of automation account for more than half of exposed tasks in low-income countries but about one quarter in high-income countries; while other more complex channels generally rise with income levels. Fourth, AI tends to be less prevalent in simpler channels of automation, but also more prevalent in labour-substituting margins in lower income settings and to augment labour in higher income settings. Fifth, we find that females seem to be disproportionately more exposed to labour-substituting automation than males. Our methodology provides a basis for comparing automation exposure across development stages, linking it with cross-country data and allowing us to treat exposure levels, labour margins, technological channels and AI involvement as separate dimensions."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_education_69c1f1aee3e6", "question": {"delta_files": ["9af2af83ac0b3c00.pdf", "8e8ed55b1d4fc17f.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/9af2af83ac0b3c00.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/8e8ed55b1d4fc17f.txt"], "object": "dc641467852c0d92.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"dc641467852c0d92.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "dc641467852c0d92"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Bridging LMS and Generative AI: Dynamic Course Content Integration (DCCI) for Connecting LLMs to Course Content -- The Ask ME Assistant", "B": "Bridging LMS and generative AI: dynamic course content integration (DCCI) for enhancing student satisfaction and engagement via the ask ME assistant"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["e66720898f395955.pdf", "ec38bdba2c82be73.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/e66720898f395955.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/ec38bdba2c82be73.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "education", "dossier": "deca49881cd78b42", "gold_index": {"A": 1, "B": 3}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Effect of Appearance and Animation Realism on the Perception of Emotionally Expressive Virtual Humans", "Bridging LMS and Generative AI: Dynamic Course Content Integration (DCCI) for Connecting LLMs to Course Content -- The Ask ME Assistant", "Artificial Intelligence in Sports: Insights from a Quantitative Survey among Sports Students in Germany about their Perceptions, Expectations, and Concerns regarding the Use of AI Tools", "Bridging LMS and generative AI: dynamic course content integration (DCCI) for enhancing student satisfaction and engagement via the ask ME assistant"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_education_00be7258d502", "question": {"delta_files": ["e66720898f395955.pdf", "ec38bdba2c82be73.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/e66720898f395955.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/ec38bdba2c82be73.txt"], "object": "deca49881cd78b42.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"deca49881cd78b42.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_title", "unit": "deca49881cd78b42"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Charles Koutcheme; Arto Hellas; Juho Leinonen", "B": "Charles Koutcheme; Juho Leinonen; Arto Hellas"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["8854c4d54ed37f1c.pdf", "2b8f084e578dd34a.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/8854c4d54ed37f1c.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/2b8f084e578dd34a.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "education", "dossier": "95f4333cd46ace10", "gold_index": {"A": 1, "B": 0}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Charles Koutcheme; Juho Leinonen; Arto Hellas", "Charles Koutcheme; Arto Hellas; Juho Leinonen", "Jerson Francia; Derek Hansen; Benjamin Schooley; Matthew Taylor; Shydra Valynn Murray; Rebekah Cornelius; Greg Snow", "Giorgia Adorni"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_education_17ff33e9b9c3", "question": {"delta_files": ["8854c4d54ed37f1c.pdf", "2b8f084e578dd34a.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/8854c4d54ed37f1c.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/2b8f084e578dd34a.txt"], "object": "95f4333cd46ace10.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "Who is the author list of the PDF document \"95f4333cd46ace10.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_author_list", "unit": "95f4333cd46ace10"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Dennis Krämer; Anja Bosold; Martin Minarik; Cleo Schyvinck; Andre Hajek", "B": "Dennis Kraemer; Anja Bosold; Martin Minarik; Cleo Schyvinck; Andre Hajek"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["a3ae9e64e8ff8c3d.pdf", "a71986260ec905b7.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/a3ae9e64e8ff8c3d.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/a71986260ec905b7.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "education", "dossier": "42c5fe4debbc349c", "gold_index": {"A": 0, "B": 3}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Dennis Krämer; Anja Bosold; Martin Minarik; Cleo Schyvinck; Andre Hajek", "Valeria Cesaroni; Eleonora Pasqua; Piercosma Bisconti; Martina Galletti", "Qinyi Liu; Lin Li; Valdemar Švábenský; Conrad Borchers; Mohammad Khalil", "Dennis Kraemer; Anja Bosold; Martin Minarik; Cleo Schyvinck; Andre Hajek"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_education_08a079df8d73", "question": {"delta_files": ["a3ae9e64e8ff8c3d.pdf", "a71986260ec905b7.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/a3ae9e64e8ff8c3d.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/a71986260ec905b7.txt"], "object": "42c5fe4debbc349c.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "Who is the author list of the PDF document \"42c5fe4debbc349c.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_author_list", "unit": "42c5fe4debbc349c"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Emotion education is a crucial lesson for children aged 3 to 6. However, existing technologies primarily focus on promoting emotion education from the child's perspective, often neglecting the central role of parents in guiding early childhood emotion development at home. In this work, we conducted co-design sessions with five experienced kindergarten teachers and five parents to identify parental challenges and the roles that AI can play in family emotion education. Guided by these insights, we developed PACEE, an assistant for supporting parent-AI collaborative emotion education. PACEE enables parents to engage in conversations about common emotional scenarios, with multiple forms of AI support to address parents' challenges. It combines insights from parents and AI to model children's emotional states and delivers personalized, parent-mediated guidance. In a user study involving 16 families, we found that PACEE significantly enhances parent-child engagement, encourages more in-depth emotional communication, and improves the parental experience. Our findings advance emotion coaching guidelines for family education in the era of generative AI, offering valuable insights for designing AI-supported, parent-centered family education systems.", "B": "Emotion education is critical for children aged 3 to 6. However, existing technologies largely focus on children's direct interaction with AI, overlooking the central role of parents in guiding early emotional development at home. To address this gap, we conducted co-design sessions with five kindergarten teachers and five parents to identify key parental challenges and opportunities for AI support in family emotion education. Based on these insights, we developed PACEE, an LLM-based assistant designed to support parents in guiding children's emotional development through conversations, rather than directly interacting with children. PACEE provides parent-centered AI scaffolding that supports parents in real-time conversation through personalized guidance, post-hoc reflection through trackable feedback, and understanding children's emotional states through modeling. We evaluated PACEE with 16 families. Results show that PACEE enhances parent-child engagement, fosters deeper emotional communication, and improves parents' expertise and overall experience in guiding their children. Our findings extend emotion coaching practices to the context of generative AI and offer design insights for building AI systems that support parent-centered family education."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["b8781b02fc3b27ba.pdf", "beb1c8828f676fa5.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/b8781b02fc3b27ba.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/beb1c8828f676fa5.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "education", "dossier": "bb57ab52dc4f394f", "gold_index": {"A": 3, "B": 2}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Automation can displace or complement labour, but this need not be constant across economies. Existing exposure measures typically assign fixed scores to tasks or occupations and capture cross-country variation through employment structure. Here we show that feasible automation depends jointly on task content and country-level conditions. We use a large language model to classify 18,797 work tasks in 124 economies by exposure, labour margin, technology channel and artificial-intelligence materiality. Construct-matched components of the measure correlate strongly with established exposure indices, observed work-related ChatGPT use, AI preparedness and firm-reported adoption. The exposed share of tasks ranges from 3.3% to 61.6%, rises with income yet remains heterogeneous within income groups. Lower-income economies are more concentrated in rule-based and labour-substituting forms of automation, whereas physical execution, planning and inference channels, together with labour-augmenting uses of artificial intelligence, become more prominent with development. Country conditioning changes occupation exposure rankings, especially in lower-income economies. Combined with employment data, we find that women are disproportionately employed in occupations with substitution-facing exposure. Machine-learning hypothesis generation identifies digital records, capital equipment, local judgement, trust-based markets and data integration as conditions associated with exposure differences.", "Collaboration is a cornerstone of 21st-century learning, yet teachers continue to face challenges in supporting productive peer interaction. Emerging generative AI tools offer new possibilities for scaffolding collaboration, but their role in mediating in-person group work remains underexplored, especially from the perspective of educators. This paper presents findings from an exploratory qualitative study with 33 K12 teachers who interacted with Phoenix, a voice-based conversational agent designed to function as a near-peer in face-to-face group collaboration. Drawing on playtesting sessions, surveys, and focus groups, we examine how teachers perceived the agent's behavior, its influence on group dynamics, and its classroom potential. While many appreciated Phoenix's capacity to stimulate engagement, they also expressed concerns around autonomy, trust, anthropomorphism, and pedagogical alignment. We contribute empirical insights into teachers' mental models of AI, reveal core design tensions, and outline considerations for group-facing AI agents that support meaningful, collaborative learning.", "Emotion education is critical for children aged 3 to 6. However, existing technologies largely focus on children's direct interaction with AI, overlooking the central role of parents in guiding early emotional development at home. To address this gap, we conducted co-design sessions with five kindergarten teachers and five parents to identify key parental challenges and opportunities for AI support in family emotion education. Based on these insights, we developed PACEE, an LLM-based assistant designed to support parents in guiding children's emotional development through conversations, rather than directly interacting with children. PACEE provides parent-centered AI scaffolding that supports parents in real-time conversation through personalized guidance, post-hoc reflection through trackable feedback, and understanding children's emotional states through modeling. We evaluated PACEE with 16 families. Results show that PACEE enhances parent-child engagement, fosters deeper emotional communication, and improves parents' expertise and overall experience in guiding their children. Our findings extend emotion coaching practices to the context of generative AI and offer design insights for building AI systems that support parent-centered family education.", "Emotion education is a crucial lesson for children aged 3 to 6. However, existing technologies primarily focus on promoting emotion education from the child's perspective, often neglecting the central role of parents in guiding early childhood emotion development at home. In this work, we conducted co-design sessions with five experienced kindergarten teachers and five parents to identify parental challenges and the roles that AI can play in family emotion education. Guided by these insights, we developed PACEE, an assistant for supporting parent-AI collaborative emotion education. PACEE enables parents to engage in conversations about common emotional scenarios, with multiple forms of AI support to address parents' challenges. It combines insights from parents and AI to model children's emotional states and delivers personalized, parent-mediated guidance. In a user study involving 16 families, we found that PACEE significantly enhances parent-child engagement, encourages more in-depth emotional communication, and improves the parental experience. Our findings advance emotion coaching guidelines for family education in the era of generative AI, offering valuable insights for designing AI-supported, parent-centered family education systems."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_education_894e01787925", "question": {"delta_files": ["b8781b02fc3b27ba.pdf", "beb1c8828f676fa5.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/b8781b02fc3b27ba.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/beb1c8828f676fa5.txt"], "object": "bb57ab52dc4f394f.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"bb57ab52dc4f394f.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "bb57ab52dc4f394f"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Fundamental Mechanisms of Human Learning", "B": "Fundamental Mechanisms of Human Learning: Implications for Research and Practice in Education"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["4ae5fc94b792a33e.pdf", "6887eff768e7bbaf.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/4ae5fc94b792a33e.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/6887eff768e7bbaf.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "education", "dossier": "4ae5fc94b792a33e", "gold_index": {"A": 2, "B": 1}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["A Participatory Strategy for AI Ethics in Education and Rehabilitation grounded in the Capability Approach", "Fundamental Mechanisms of Human Learning: Implications for Research and Practice in Education", "Fundamental Mechanisms of Human Learning", "Global Automation Atlas"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_education_61f5cf515282", "question": {"delta_files": ["4ae5fc94b792a33e.pdf", "6887eff768e7bbaf.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/4ae5fc94b792a33e.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/6887eff768e7bbaf.txt"], "object": "4ae5fc94b792a33e.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"4ae5fc94b792a33e.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_title", "unit": "4ae5fc94b792a33e"}
+{"answer": {"A": "LLM-powered multimodal systems are increasingly used to interpret human social behavior, yet how researchers apply the models' 'social competence' remains poorly understood. This paper presents a systematic literature review of 176 publications across different application domains (e.g., healthcare, education, and entertainment). Using a four-dimensional coding framework (application, technical, evaluative, and ethical), we find (1) frequent use of pattern recognition and information extraction from multimodal sources, but limited support for adaptive, interactive reasoning; (2) a dominant 'modality-to-text' pipeline that privileges language over rich audiovisual cues, striping away nuanced social cues; (3) evaluation practices reliant on static benchmarks, with socially grounded, human-centered assessments rare; and (4) Ethical discussions focused mainly on legal and rights-related risks (e.g., privacy), leaving societal risks (e.g., deception) overlooked--or at best acknowledged but left unaddressed. We outline a research agenda for evaluating socially competent, ethically informed, and interaction-aware multi-modal systems.", "B": "LLM-powered multimodal systems are increasingly used to interpret human behavior, yet how researchers apply the models' 'social competence' remains poorly understood. This paper presents a systematic literature review of 176 publications across different application domains (e.g., healthcare, education, and entertainment). Using a four-dimensional coding framework (application, technical, evaluative, and ethical), we find (1) frequent use of pattern recognition and information extraction from multimodal sources, but limited support for adaptive, interactive reasoning; (2) a dominant 'modality-to-text' pipeline that privileges language over rich audiovisual cues, striping away nuanced social cues; (3) evaluation practices reliant on static benchmarks, with socially grounded, human-centered assessments rare; and (4) Ethical discussions focused mainly on legal and rights-related risks (e.g., privacy), leaving societal risks (e.g., deception) overlooked--or at best acknowledged but left unaddressed. We outline a research agenda for evaluating socially competent, ethically informed, and interaction-aware multi-modal systems."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["339a17a28500a7ad.pdf", "4877f1784a1948a0.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/339a17a28500a7ad.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/4877f1784a1948a0.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "education", "dossier": "57609229149bdd8f", "gold_index": {"A": 2, "B": 3}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Mental health challenges are rising globally, while traditional support services face limited availability and high costs. Large language models offer potential for conversational support, but often lack personalization, empathy, and factual grounding. A virtual agent framework is introduced to provide empathetic, personalized, and reliable wellbeing support through retrieval-augmented architecture, structured memory, and multimodal interaction. Objective benchmarks demonstrate improved retrieval and response quality, particularly for smaller models. A cross-cultural study with university students from Vietnam and Australia shows the system outperforms LLM-only baselines in coherence, perceived accuracy, and empathy, with most participants clearly preferring the proposed approach.", "The rapid digitalisation of contemporary society has profoundly impacted various facets of our lives, including healthcare, communication, business, and education. The ability to engage with new technologies and solve problems has become crucial, making CT skills, such as pattern recognition, decomposition, and algorithm design, essential competencies. In response, Switzerland is conducting research and initiatives to integrate CT into its educational system. This study aims to develop a comprehensive framework for large-scale assessment of CT skills, particularly focusing on AT, the ability to design algorithms. To achieve this, we first developed a competence model capturing the situated and developmental nature of CT, guiding the design of activities tailored to cognitive abilities, age, and context. This framework clarifies how activity characteristics influence CT development and how to assess these competencies. Additionally, we developed an activity for large-scale assessment of AT skills, offered in two variants: one based on non-digital artefacts (unplugged) and manual expert assessment, and the other based on digital artefacts (virtual) and automatic assessment. To provide a more comprehensive evaluation of students' competencies, we developed an IAS based on BNs with noisy gates, which offers real-time probabilistic assessment for each skill rather than a single overall score. The results indicate that the proposed instrument can measure AT competencies across different age groups and educational contexts in Switzerland, demonstrating its applicability for large-scale use. AT competencies exhibit a progressive development, with no overall gender differences, though variations are observed at the school level, significantly influenced by the artefact-based environment and its context, underscoring the importance of creating accessible and adaptable assessment tools.", "LLM-powered multimodal systems are increasingly used to interpret human social behavior, yet how researchers apply the models' 'social competence' remains poorly understood. This paper presents a systematic literature review of 176 publications across different application domains (e.g., healthcare, education, and entertainment). Using a four-dimensional coding framework (application, technical, evaluative, and ethical), we find (1) frequent use of pattern recognition and information extraction from multimodal sources, but limited support for adaptive, interactive reasoning; (2) a dominant 'modality-to-text' pipeline that privileges language over rich audiovisual cues, striping away nuanced social cues; (3) evaluation practices reliant on static benchmarks, with socially grounded, human-centered assessments rare; and (4) Ethical discussions focused mainly on legal and rights-related risks (e.g., privacy), leaving societal risks (e.g., deception) overlooked--or at best acknowledged but left unaddressed. We outline a research agenda for evaluating socially competent, ethically informed, and interaction-aware multi-modal systems.", "LLM-powered multimodal systems are increasingly used to interpret human behavior, yet how researchers apply the models' 'social competence' remains poorly understood. This paper presents a systematic literature review of 176 publications across different application domains (e.g., healthcare, education, and entertainment). Using a four-dimensional coding framework (application, technical, evaluative, and ethical), we find (1) frequent use of pattern recognition and information extraction from multimodal sources, but limited support for adaptive, interactive reasoning; (2) a dominant 'modality-to-text' pipeline that privileges language over rich audiovisual cues, striping away nuanced social cues; (3) evaluation practices reliant on static benchmarks, with socially grounded, human-centered assessments rare; and (4) Ethical discussions focused mainly on legal and rights-related risks (e.g., privacy), leaving societal risks (e.g., deception) overlooked--or at best acknowledged but left unaddressed. We outline a research agenda for evaluating socially competent, ethically informed, and interaction-aware multi-modal systems."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_education_14c116d9ae6f", "question": {"delta_files": ["339a17a28500a7ad.pdf", "4877f1784a1948a0.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/339a17a28500a7ad.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/4877f1784a1948a0.txt"], "object": "57609229149bdd8f.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"57609229149bdd8f.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "57609229149bdd8f"}
+{"answer": {"A": "LLMs increasingly excel on AI benchmarks, but doing so does not guarantee validity for downstream tasks. This study evaluates the performance of leading foundation models (FMs, i.e., generative pre-trained base LLMs) with out-of-distribution (OOD) tasks of the teaching and learning of schoolchildren. Across all FMs, inter-model behaviors on disparate tasks correlate higher than they do with expert human behaviors on target tasks. These biases shared across LLMs are poorly aligned with downstream measures of teaching quality and often \\textit{negatively aligned with learning outcomes}. Further, we find multi-model ensembles, both unanimous model voting and expert-weighting by benchmark performance, further exacerbate misalignment with learning. We measure that 50\\% of the variation in misalignment error is shared across foundation models, suggesting that common pretraining accounts for much of the misalignment in these tasks. We demonstrate methods for robustly measuring alignment of complex tasks and provide unique insights into both educational applications of foundation models and to understanding limitations of models.", "B": "LLMs increasingly excel on AI benchmarks, but doing so does not guarantee validity for downstream tasks. This study contrasts LLM alignment on benchmarks, downstream tasks, and, importantly the intended impact of those tasks. We evaluate the performance of leading LLMs (i.e., generative pre-trained base models) on difficult-to-verify tasks of the teaching and learning of schoolchildren. Across all LLMs, inter-model behaviors on disparate tasks correlate higher than they do with expert human behaviors on target tasks. These biases shared across LLMs are poorly aligned with downstream measures of teaching quality and often negatively aligned with the intended impact of student learning outcomes. Further, we find multi-model ensembles, both unanimous model voting and expert-weighting by benchmark performance, further exacerbate misalignment with learning. We measure that selection of LLM and/or prompting strategy only reliably accounts for $15\\%$ of all measured misalignment error and that variation in misalignment error is shared across LLMs, suggesting that common pretraining accounts for much of the misalignment in these tasks. We demonstrate methods for robustly measuring alignment of complex tasks and provide unique insights into practical applications of LLMs in high-noise contexts."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["b42910926555f069.pdf", "1e1797a39bc066db.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/b42910926555f069.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/1e1797a39bc066db.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "education", "dossier": "28ed8b2ffa199e16", "gold_index": {"A": 1, "B": 2}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Emotion education is critical for children aged 3 to 6. However, existing technologies largely focus on children's direct interaction with AI, overlooking the central role of parents in guiding early emotional development at home. To address this gap, we conducted co-design sessions with five kindergarten teachers and five parents to identify key parental challenges and opportunities for AI support in family emotion education. Based on these insights, we developed PACEE, an LLM-based assistant designed to support parents in guiding children's emotional development through conversations, rather than directly interacting with children. PACEE provides parent-centered AI scaffolding that supports parents in real-time conversation through personalized guidance, post-hoc reflection through trackable feedback, and understanding children's emotional states through modeling. We evaluated PACEE with 16 families. Results show that PACEE enhances parent-child engagement, fosters deeper emotional communication, and improves parents' expertise and overall experience in guiding their children. Our findings extend emotion coaching practices to the context of generative AI and offer design insights for building AI systems that support parent-centered family education.", "LLMs increasingly excel on AI benchmarks, but doing so does not guarantee validity for downstream tasks. This study evaluates the performance of leading foundation models (FMs, i.e., generative pre-trained base LLMs) with out-of-distribution (OOD) tasks of the teaching and learning of schoolchildren. Across all FMs, inter-model behaviors on disparate tasks correlate higher than they do with expert human behaviors on target tasks. These biases shared across LLMs are poorly aligned with downstream measures of teaching quality and often \\textit{negatively aligned with learning outcomes}. Further, we find multi-model ensembles, both unanimous model voting and expert-weighting by benchmark performance, further exacerbate misalignment with learning. We measure that 50\\% of the variation in misalignment error is shared across foundation models, suggesting that common pretraining accounts for much of the misalignment in these tasks. We demonstrate methods for robustly measuring alignment of complex tasks and provide unique insights into both educational applications of foundation models and to understanding limitations of models.", "LLMs increasingly excel on AI benchmarks, but doing so does not guarantee validity for downstream tasks. This study contrasts LLM alignment on benchmarks, downstream tasks, and, importantly the intended impact of those tasks. We evaluate the performance of leading LLMs (i.e., generative pre-trained base models) on difficult-to-verify tasks of the teaching and learning of schoolchildren. Across all LLMs, inter-model behaviors on disparate tasks correlate higher than they do with expert human behaviors on target tasks. These biases shared across LLMs are poorly aligned with downstream measures of teaching quality and often negatively aligned with the intended impact of student learning outcomes. Further, we find multi-model ensembles, both unanimous model voting and expert-weighting by benchmark performance, further exacerbate misalignment with learning. We measure that selection of LLM and/or prompting strategy only reliably accounts for $15\\%$ of all measured misalignment error and that variation in misalignment error is shared across LLMs, suggesting that common pretraining accounts for much of the misalignment in these tasks. We demonstrate methods for robustly measuring alignment of complex tasks and provide unique insights into practical applications of LLMs in high-noise contexts.", "Objective: As AI becomes increasingly central to healthcare, there is a pressing need for bioinformatics and biomedical training systems that are personalized and adaptable. Materials and Methods: The NIH Bridge2AI Training, Recruitment, and Mentoring (TRM) Working Group developed a cross-disciplinary curriculum grounded in collaborative innovation, ethical data stewardship, and professional development within an adapted Learning Health System (LHS) framework. Results: The curriculum integrates foundational AI modules, real-world projects, and a structured mentee-mentor network spanning Bridge2AI Grand Challenges and the Bridge Center. Guided by six learner personas, the program tailors educational pathways to individual needs while supporting scalability. Discussion: Iterative refinement driven by continuous feedback ensures that content remains responsive to learner progress and emerging trends. Conclusion: With over 30 scholars and 100 mentors engaged across North America, the TRM model demonstrates how adaptive, persona-informed training can build interdisciplinary competencies and foster an integrative, ethically grounded AI education in biomedical contexts."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_education_382f72019867", "question": {"delta_files": ["b42910926555f069.pdf", "1e1797a39bc066db.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/b42910926555f069.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/1e1797a39bc066db.txt"], "object": "28ed8b2ffa199e16.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"28ed8b2ffa199e16.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "28ed8b2ffa199e16"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Large language models (LLMs) enable increasingly capable tutoring-style conversational agents, yet effective tutoring requires sensitivity to learners' affective and cognitive states beyond text alone. Facial expressions provide immediate and practical cues of confusion, frustration, or engagement, but remain underexplored in LLM-driven tutoring. We investigate whether facial-expression-aware signals can improve empathetic tutoring responses through prompt-level integration, without end-to-end retraining. We build a scalable simulated tutoring environment where a student agent exhibits diverse facial behaviors from a large unlabeled facial expression video dataset, and compare four tutor variants: a text-only LLM baseline, a multimodal baseline using a random facial frame, and two Action Unit estimation model (AUM)-based methods that either inject textual AU descriptions or select a peak-expression frame for visual grounding. Across 960 multi-turn conversations spanning three tutor backbones (GPT-5.1, Claude Ops 4.5, and Gemini 2.5 Pro), we evaluate targeted pairwise comparisons with five human raters and an exhaustive AI evaluator. AU-based conditioning consistently improves empathetic responsiveness to facial expressions across all tutor backbones, while AUM-guided peak-frame selection outperforms random-frame visual input. Textual AU abstraction and peak-frame visual injection show model-dependent advantages. Control analyses show that this improvement does not come at the expense of worse pedagogical clarity or responsiveness to textual cues. Finally, AI-human agreement is highest on facial-expression-grounded empathy, supporting scalable AI evaluation for this dimension. Overall, our results show that lightweight, structured facial expression representations can meaningfully enhance empathy in LLM-based tutoring systems with minimal overhead.", "B": "Large language models (LLMs) enable increasingly capable tutoring-style conversational agents, yet effective tutoring requires sensitivity to learners' affective and cognitive states beyond text alone. Facial expressions provide immediate and practical cues of confusion, frustration, or engagement, but remain underexplored in LLM-driven tutoring. We investigate whether facial-expression-aware signals can improve empathetic tutoring responses through prompt-level integration, without end-to-end retraining. We build a scalable simulated tutoring environment where a student agent exhibits diverse facial behaviors from a large unlabeled human facial expression video dataset, and compare four tutor variants: a text-only LLM baseline, a multimodal baseline using a random facial frame, and two Action Unit estimation model (AUM)-based methods that either inject textual AU descriptions or select a peak-expression frame for visual grounding. Across 960 multi-turn conversations spanning three tutor backbones (GPT-5.1, Claude Opus 4.5, and Gemini 2.5 Pro), we evaluate targeted pairwise comparisons with five human raters and an exhaustive AI evaluator. AU-based conditioning consistently improves empathetic responsiveness to facial expressions across all tutor backbones, while AUM-guided peak-frame selection outperforms random-frame visual input. Textual AU abstraction and peak-frame visual injection show model-dependent advantages. Control analyses show that this improvement does not come at the expense of worse pedagogical clarity or responsiveness to textual cues. Overall, our results show that lightweight, structured facial expression representations can meaningfully enhance empathy in LLM-based tutoring systems with minimal overhead. Future work should evaluate these methods using real student facial data collected during authentic learning interactions."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["bf4f7387d16555d9.pdf", "fce5355ddc7bc2f5.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/bf4f7387d16555d9.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/fce5355ddc7bc2f5.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "education", "dossier": "c9b934bf0af1d859", "gold_index": {"A": 2, "B": 0}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Large language models (LLMs) enable increasingly capable tutoring-style conversational agents, yet effective tutoring requires sensitivity to learners' affective and cognitive states beyond text alone. Facial expressions provide immediate and practical cues of confusion, frustration, or engagement, but remain underexplored in LLM-driven tutoring. We investigate whether facial-expression-aware signals can improve empathetic tutoring responses through prompt-level integration, without end-to-end retraining. We build a scalable simulated tutoring environment where a student agent exhibits diverse facial behaviors from a large unlabeled human facial expression video dataset, and compare four tutor variants: a text-only LLM baseline, a multimodal baseline using a random facial frame, and two Action Unit estimation model (AUM)-based methods that either inject textual AU descriptions or select a peak-expression frame for visual grounding. Across 960 multi-turn conversations spanning three tutor backbones (GPT-5.1, Claude Opus 4.5, and Gemini 2.5 Pro), we evaluate targeted pairwise comparisons with five human raters and an exhaustive AI evaluator. AU-based conditioning consistently improves empathetic responsiveness to facial expressions across all tutor backbones, while AUM-guided peak-frame selection outperforms random-frame visual input. Textual AU abstraction and peak-frame visual injection show model-dependent advantages. Control analyses show that this improvement does not come at the expense of worse pedagogical clarity or responsiveness to textual cues. Overall, our results show that lightweight, structured facial expression representations can meaningfully enhance empathy in LLM-based tutoring systems with minimal overhead. Future work should evaluate these methods using real student facial data collected during authentic learning interactions.", "Identifying the factors that influence student performance in basic education is a central challenge for formulating effective public policies in Brazil. This study introduces a multi-level machine learning approach to classify the proficiency of 9th-grade and high school students using microdata from the System of Assessment of Basic Education (SAEB). Our model uniquely integrates four data sources: student socioeconomic characteristics, teacher professional profiles, school indicators, and principal management profiles. A comparative analysis of four ensemble algorithms confirmed the superiority of a Random Forest model, which achieved 90.2% accuracy and an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 96.7%. To move beyond prediction, we applied Explainable AI (XAI) using SHAP, which revealed that the school's average socioeconomic level is the most dominant predictor, demonstrating that systemic factors have a greater impact than individual characteristics in isolation. The primary conclusion is that academic performance is a systemic phenomenon deeply tied to the school's ecosystem. This study provides a data-driven, interpretable tool to inform policies aimed at promoting educational equity by addressing disparities between schools.", "Large language models (LLMs) enable increasingly capable tutoring-style conversational agents, yet effective tutoring requires sensitivity to learners' affective and cognitive states beyond text alone. Facial expressions provide immediate and practical cues of confusion, frustration, or engagement, but remain underexplored in LLM-driven tutoring. We investigate whether facial-expression-aware signals can improve empathetic tutoring responses through prompt-level integration, without end-to-end retraining. We build a scalable simulated tutoring environment where a student agent exhibits diverse facial behaviors from a large unlabeled facial expression video dataset, and compare four tutor variants: a text-only LLM baseline, a multimodal baseline using a random facial frame, and two Action Unit estimation model (AUM)-based methods that either inject textual AU descriptions or select a peak-expression frame for visual grounding. Across 960 multi-turn conversations spanning three tutor backbones (GPT-5.1, Claude Ops 4.5, and Gemini 2.5 Pro), we evaluate targeted pairwise comparisons with five human raters and an exhaustive AI evaluator. AU-based conditioning consistently improves empathetic responsiveness to facial expressions across all tutor backbones, while AUM-guided peak-frame selection outperforms random-frame visual input. Textual AU abstraction and peak-frame visual injection show model-dependent advantages. Control analyses show that this improvement does not come at the expense of worse pedagogical clarity or responsiveness to textual cues. Finally, AI-human agreement is highest on facial-expression-grounded empathy, supporting scalable AI evaluation for this dimension. Overall, our results show that lightweight, structured facial expression representations can meaningfully enhance empathy in LLM-based tutoring systems with minimal overhead.", "Unresolved questions about how autonomous vehicles (AVs) should meet the informational needs of riders hinder real-world adoption. Complicating our ability to satisfy rider needs is that different people, goals, and driving contexts have different criteria for what constitutes interaction success. Unfortunately, most human-AV research and design today treats all people and situations uniformly. It is crucial to understand how an AV should communicate to meet rider needs, and how communications should change when the human-AV complex system changes. I argue that understanding the relationships between different aspects of the human-AV system can help us build improved and adaptable AV communications. I support this argument using three empirical studies. First, I identify optimal communication strategies that enhance driving performance, confidence, and trust for learning in extreme driving environments. Findings highlight the need for task-sensitive, modality-appropriate communications tuned to learner cognitive limits and goals. Next, I highlight the consequences of deploying faulty communication systems and demonstrate the need for context-sensitive communications. Third, I use machine learning (ML) to illuminate personal factors predicting trust in AVs, emphasizing the importance of tailoring designs to individual traits and concerns. Together, this dissertation supports the necessity of transparent, adaptable, and personalized AV systems that cater to individual needs, goals, and contextual demands. By considering the complex system within which human-AV interactions occur, we can deliver valuable insights for designers, researchers, and policymakers. This dissertation also provides a concrete domain to study theories of human-machine joint action and situational awareness, and can be used to guide future human-AI interaction research. [shortened for arxiv]"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_education_3cc29ae3e454", "question": {"delta_files": ["bf4f7387d16555d9.pdf", "fce5355ddc7bc2f5.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/bf4f7387d16555d9.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/fce5355ddc7bc2f5.txt"], "object": "c9b934bf0af1d859.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"c9b934bf0af1d859.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "c9b934bf0af1d859"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Marisa C. Peczuh; Nischal Ashok Kumar; Ryan Baker; Blair Lehman; Danielle Eisenberg; Caitlin Mills; Keerthi Chebrolu; Sudhip Nashi; Cadence Young; Brayden Liu; Sherry Lachman; Andrew Lan", "B": "Marisa C. Peczuh; Nischal Ashok Kumar; Ryan Baker; Blair Lehman; Danielle Eisenberg; Caitlin Mills; Payu Wittawatolarn; Kushaan Naskar; Keerthi Chebrolu; Sudhip Nashi; Cadence Young; Brayden Liu; Sherry Lachman; Andrew Lan"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["edb1a4e52b888702.pdf", "d9ce5bde7e7c0050.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/edb1a4e52b888702.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/d9ce5bde7e7c0050.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "education", "dossier": "15cc3ae7a3f8c84b", "gold_index": {"A": 0, "B": 1}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Marisa C. Peczuh; Nischal Ashok Kumar; Ryan Baker; Blair Lehman; Danielle Eisenberg; Caitlin Mills; Keerthi Chebrolu; Sudhip Nashi; Cadence Young; Brayden Liu; Sherry Lachman; Andrew Lan", "Marisa C. Peczuh; Nischal Ashok Kumar; Ryan Baker; Blair Lehman; Danielle Eisenberg; Caitlin Mills; Payu Wittawatolarn; Kushaan Naskar; Keerthi Chebrolu; Sudhip Nashi; Cadence Young; Brayden Liu; Sherry Lachman; Andrew Lan", "Yi-Cheng Lin; Yu-Kai Guo; Szu-Chi Chen; Bo-Han Feng; Yun-Man Hsu; Hsiang Hsieh; Yu-Jung Lin; Yue-Ling Wu; Jia-Kai Dong; An-Yu Cheng; Yu-Han Huang; Lok-Lam Ieong; Kuan-Yu Chen; Ming-Douo Tchouang; Shao-Hua Sun; Che Lin; Jian-Jiun Ding; Hung-yi Lee", "Kyuwon Kim; Jaeryeong Hwang; Younseo Lee; Jeanhee Lee; Sung-Eun Kim; Hyo-Jeong So"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_education_1f17ef249cdf", "question": {"delta_files": ["edb1a4e52b888702.pdf", "d9ce5bde7e7c0050.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/edb1a4e52b888702.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/d9ce5bde7e7c0050.txt"], "object": "15cc3ae7a3f8c84b.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "Who is the author list of the PDF document \"15cc3ae7a3f8c84b.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_author_list", "unit": "15cc3ae7a3f8c84b"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Mathematical modeling (MM) is considered a fundamental skill for students in STEM disciplines. Practicing the MM skill is often the most effective when students can engage in group discussion and collaborative problem-solving. However, due to unevenly distributed teachers and educational resources needed to monitor such group activities, students do not always receive equal opportunities for this practice. Excitingly, large language models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated strong capability in both modeling mathematical problems and simulating characters with different traits and properties. Drawing inspiration from the advancement of LLMs, in this work, we present MATHVC, the very first LLM-powered virtual classroom containing multiple LLM-simulated student characters, with whom a human student can practice their MM skill. To encourage each LLM character's behaviors to be aligned with their specified math-relevant properties (termed \"characteristics alignment\") and the overall conversational procedure to be close to an authentic student MM discussion (termed \"conversational procedural alignment\"), we proposed three innovations: integrating MM domain knowledge into the simulation, defining a symbolic schema as the ground for character simulation, and designing a meta planner at the platform level to drive the conversational procedure. Through experiments and ablation studies, we confirmed the effectiveness of our simulation approach and showed the promise for MATHVC to benefit real-life students in the future.", "B": "Collaborative problem solving (CPS) is essential in mathematics education, fostering deeper learning through the exchange of ideas. Yet, classrooms often lack the resources, time, and peer dynamics needed to sustain productive CPS. Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a promising avenue to enhance CPS in mathematical education. We designed and developed MathVC, a multi-persona LLM simulated virtual classroom platform to facilitate CPS in mathematics. MathVC combines a meta planning controller that monitors CPS stages-sense-making, team organization, planning, execution, validation, and predicts the next speaker, with a persona simulation stack that encodes mathematical thinking via a task schema and error-injected persona schemas seeded from teacher-specified misconceptions. We evaluated MathVC with 14 U.S. middle schoolers. Students reported constructive interaction and reaching shared solutions, describing gains in engagement, motivation, and confidence through diverse perspectives, immediate scaffolding, and human-like fallibility. Our findings also provide insights into simulating peers via LLM-based technologies for collaboration to support learning."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["4815fc3675a05b4b.pdf", "0aa34e86467c25df.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/4815fc3675a05b4b.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/0aa34e86467c25df.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "education", "dossier": "3bd747997c6776c4", "gold_index": {"A": 1, "B": 0}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Collaborative problem solving (CPS) is essential in mathematics education, fostering deeper learning through the exchange of ideas. Yet, classrooms often lack the resources, time, and peer dynamics needed to sustain productive CPS. Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a promising avenue to enhance CPS in mathematical education. We designed and developed MathVC, a multi-persona LLM simulated virtual classroom platform to facilitate CPS in mathematics. MathVC combines a meta planning controller that monitors CPS stages-sense-making, team organization, planning, execution, validation, and predicts the next speaker, with a persona simulation stack that encodes mathematical thinking via a task schema and error-injected persona schemas seeded from teacher-specified misconceptions. We evaluated MathVC with 14 U.S. middle schoolers. Students reported constructive interaction and reaching shared solutions, describing gains in engagement, motivation, and confidence through diverse perspectives, immediate scaffolding, and human-like fallibility. Our findings also provide insights into simulating peers via LLM-based technologies for collaboration to support learning.", "Mathematical modeling (MM) is considered a fundamental skill for students in STEM disciplines. Practicing the MM skill is often the most effective when students can engage in group discussion and collaborative problem-solving. However, due to unevenly distributed teachers and educational resources needed to monitor such group activities, students do not always receive equal opportunities for this practice. Excitingly, large language models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated strong capability in both modeling mathematical problems and simulating characters with different traits and properties. Drawing inspiration from the advancement of LLMs, in this work, we present MATHVC, the very first LLM-powered virtual classroom containing multiple LLM-simulated student characters, with whom a human student can practice their MM skill. To encourage each LLM character's behaviors to be aligned with their specified math-relevant properties (termed \"characteristics alignment\") and the overall conversational procedure to be close to an authentic student MM discussion (termed \"conversational procedural alignment\"), we proposed three innovations: integrating MM domain knowledge into the simulation, defining a symbolic schema as the ground for character simulation, and designing a meta planner at the platform level to drive the conversational procedure. Through experiments and ablation studies, we confirmed the effectiveness of our simulation approach and showed the promise for MATHVC to benefit real-life students in the future.", "Affective polarization and increasing social divisions affect social mixing and the spread of information across online and physical spaces, reinforcing social and electoral cleavages and influencing political outcomes. Here, using individual survey data and aggregated and de-identified co-location and online network data, we investigate the relationship between partisan exposure and vote choice in the US by comparing offline and online dimensions of partisan exposure. By leveraging various statistical modeling approaches, we consistently find that partisan exposure in the physical space, as captured by co-location patterns, more accurately predicts electoral outcomes in US counties, outperforming online and residential exposures. Similarly, offline ties at the individual level better predict vote choice compared to online connections. We also estimate county-level experienced partisan segregation and examine its relationship with individuals' demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Focusing on metropolitan areas, our results confirm the presence of extensive partisan segregation in the US and show that offline partisan isolation, both considering physical encounters or residential sorting, is higher than online segregation and is primarily associated with educational attainment. Our findings emphasize the importance of physical space in understanding the relationship between social networks and political behavior, in contrast to the intense scrutiny focused on online social networks and elections.", "Emotion education is critical for children aged 3 to 6. However, existing technologies largely focus on children's direct interaction with AI, overlooking the central role of parents in guiding early emotional development at home. To address this gap, we conducted co-design sessions with five kindergarten teachers and five parents to identify key parental challenges and opportunities for AI support in family emotion education. Based on these insights, we developed PACEE, an LLM-based assistant designed to support parents in guiding children's emotional development through conversations, rather than directly interacting with children. PACEE provides parent-centered AI scaffolding that supports parents in real-time conversation through personalized guidance, post-hoc reflection through trackable feedback, and understanding children's emotional states through modeling. We evaluated PACEE with 16 families. Results show that PACEE enhances parent-child engagement, fosters deeper emotional communication, and improves parents' expertise and overall experience in guiding their children. Our findings extend emotion coaching practices to the context of generative AI and offer design insights for building AI systems that support parent-centered family education."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_education_131217ad786c", "question": {"delta_files": ["4815fc3675a05b4b.pdf", "0aa34e86467c25df.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/4815fc3675a05b4b.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/0aa34e86467c25df.txt"], "object": "3bd747997c6776c4.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"3bd747997c6776c4.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "3bd747997c6776c4"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Medical education faces challenges in scalability, accessibility, and consistency, particularly in clinical skills training for physician-patient communication. Traditional simulation-based learning, while effective, is resource-intensive, difficult to schedule, and often highly variable in feedback quality. Through a collaboration between AI, learning science, and medical education experts, we co-developed MedSimAI, an AI-powered simulation platform that enables deliberate practice, self-regulated learning (SRL), and automated assessment through interactive patient encounters. Leveraging large language models (LLMs), MedSimAI generates realistic clinical interactions and provides immediate, structured feedback using established medical evaluation frameworks such as the Master Interview Rating Scale (MIRS). In a pilot study with 104 first-year medical students, we examined engagement, conversation patterns, and user perceptions. Students found MedSimAI beneficial for repeated, realistic patient-history practice. Conversation analysis revealed that certain higher-order skills were often overlooked, though students generally performed systematic histories and empathic listening. By integrating unlimited practice opportunities, real-time AI assessment, and SRL principles, MedSimAI addresses key limitations of traditional simulation-based training, making high-quality clinical education more accessible and scalable.", "B": "Medical education faces challenges in providing scalable, consistent clinical skills training. Simulation with standardized patients (SPs) develops communication and diagnostic skills but remains resource-intensive and variable in feedback quality. Existing AI-based tools show promise yet often lack comprehensive assessment frameworks, evidence of clinical impact, and integration of self-regulated learning (SRL) principles. Through a multi-phase co-design process with medical education experts, we developed MedSimAI, an AI-powered simulation platform that enables deliberate practice through interactive patient encounters with immediate, structured feedback. Leveraging large language models, MedSimAI generates realistic clinical interactions and provides automated assessments aligned with validated evaluation frameworks. In a multi-institutional deployment (410 students; 1,024 encounters across three medical schools), 59.5 percent engaged in repeated practice. At one site, mean Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) history-taking scores rose from 82.8 to 88.8 (p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.75), while a second site's pilot showed no significant change. Automated scoring achieved 87 percent accuracy in identifying proficiency thresholds on the Master Interview Rating Scale (MIRS). Mixed-effects analyses revealed institution and case effects. Thematic analysis of 840 learner reflections highlighted challenges in missed items, organization, review of systems, and empathy. These findings position MedSimAI as a scalable formative platform for history-taking and communication, motivating staged curriculum integration and realism enhancements for advanced learners."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["d63d2ad7348e3986.pdf", "374ceea6790c2f05.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/d63d2ad7348e3986.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/374ceea6790c2f05.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "education", "dossier": "00da31f7e987bb90", "gold_index": {"A": 1, "B": 2}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Automation can displace or complement labour, but this need not be constant across economies. Existing exposure measures typically assign fixed scores to tasks or occupations and capture cross-country variation through employment structure. Here we show that feasible automation depends jointly on task content and country-level conditions. We use a large language model to classify 18,797 work tasks in 124 economies by exposure, labour margin, technology channel and artificial-intelligence materiality. Construct-matched components of the measure correlate strongly with established exposure indices, observed work-related ChatGPT use, AI preparedness and firm-reported adoption. The exposed share of tasks ranges from 3.3% to 61.6%, rises with income yet remains heterogeneous within income groups. Lower-income economies are more concentrated in rule-based and labour-substituting forms of automation, whereas physical execution, planning and inference channels, together with labour-augmenting uses of artificial intelligence, become more prominent with development. Country conditioning changes occupation exposure rankings, especially in lower-income economies. Combined with employment data, we find that women are disproportionately employed in occupations with substitution-facing exposure. Machine-learning hypothesis generation identifies digital records, capital equipment, local judgement, trust-based markets and data integration as conditions associated with exposure differences.", "Medical education faces challenges in scalability, accessibility, and consistency, particularly in clinical skills training for physician-patient communication. Traditional simulation-based learning, while effective, is resource-intensive, difficult to schedule, and often highly variable in feedback quality. Through a collaboration between AI, learning science, and medical education experts, we co-developed MedSimAI, an AI-powered simulation platform that enables deliberate practice, self-regulated learning (SRL), and automated assessment through interactive patient encounters. Leveraging large language models (LLMs), MedSimAI generates realistic clinical interactions and provides immediate, structured feedback using established medical evaluation frameworks such as the Master Interview Rating Scale (MIRS). In a pilot study with 104 first-year medical students, we examined engagement, conversation patterns, and user perceptions. Students found MedSimAI beneficial for repeated, realistic patient-history practice. Conversation analysis revealed that certain higher-order skills were often overlooked, though students generally performed systematic histories and empathic listening. By integrating unlimited practice opportunities, real-time AI assessment, and SRL principles, MedSimAI addresses key limitations of traditional simulation-based training, making high-quality clinical education more accessible and scalable.", "Medical education faces challenges in providing scalable, consistent clinical skills training. Simulation with standardized patients (SPs) develops communication and diagnostic skills but remains resource-intensive and variable in feedback quality. Existing AI-based tools show promise yet often lack comprehensive assessment frameworks, evidence of clinical impact, and integration of self-regulated learning (SRL) principles. Through a multi-phase co-design process with medical education experts, we developed MedSimAI, an AI-powered simulation platform that enables deliberate practice through interactive patient encounters with immediate, structured feedback. Leveraging large language models, MedSimAI generates realistic clinical interactions and provides automated assessments aligned with validated evaluation frameworks. In a multi-institutional deployment (410 students; 1,024 encounters across three medical schools), 59.5 percent engaged in repeated practice. At one site, mean Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) history-taking scores rose from 82.8 to 88.8 (p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.75), while a second site's pilot showed no significant change. Automated scoring achieved 87 percent accuracy in identifying proficiency thresholds on the Master Interview Rating Scale (MIRS). Mixed-effects analyses revealed institution and case effects. Thematic analysis of 840 learner reflections highlighted challenges in missed items, organization, review of systems, and empathy. These findings position MedSimAI as a scalable formative platform for history-taking and communication, motivating staged curriculum integration and realism enhancements for advanced learners.", "The collapse of social contexts has been amplified by digital infrastructures but surprisingly received insufficient attention from Web privacy scholars. Users are persistently identified within and across distinct web contexts, in varying degrees, through and by different websites and trackers, losing the ability to maintain a fragmented identity. To systematically evaluate this structural privacy harm we operationalize the theory of Privacy as Contextual Integrity and measure persistent user identification within and between distinct Web contexts. We crawl the top-700 popular websites across the contexts of health, finance, news & media, LGBTQ, eCommerce, adult, and education websites, for 27 days, to learn how persistent browser identification via third-party cookies and JavaScript fingerprinting is diffused within and between web contexts. Past work measured Web tracking in bulk, highlighting the volume of trackers and tracking techniques. These measurements miss a crucial privacy implication of Web tracking - the collapse of online contexts. Our findings reveal how persistent browser identification varies between and within contexts, diffusing user IDs to different distances, contrasting known tracking distributions across websites, and conducted as a joint or separate effort via cookie IDs and JS fingerprinting. Our network analysis can inform the construction of browser storage containers to protect users against real-time context collapse. This is a first modest step in measuring Web privacy as contextual integrity, opening new avenues for contextual Web privacy research."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_education_d78d1b1b58c6", "question": {"delta_files": ["d63d2ad7348e3986.pdf", "374ceea6790c2f05.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/d63d2ad7348e3986.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/374ceea6790c2f05.txt"], "object": "00da31f7e987bb90.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"00da31f7e987bb90.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "00da31f7e987bb90"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Online hate speech has become increasingly prevalent on social media, causing harm to individuals and society. While automated content moderation has received considerable attention, user-driven counterspeech remains a less explored yet promising approach. However, many people face difficulties in crafting effective responses. We introduce CounterQuill, a human-AI collaborative system that helps everyday users with writing empathetic counterspeech, not by generating automatic replies, but by educating them through reflection and response. CounterQuill follows a three-stage workflow grounded in computational thinking: (1) a learning session to build understanding of hate speech and counterspeech, (2) a brainstorming session to identify harmful patterns and ideate counterspeech ideas, and (3) a co-writing session that helps users refine their counter responses while preserving personal voice. Through a user study \\r{ho}(N=20), we found that CounterQuill helped participants develop the skills to brainstorm and draft counterspeech with increased confidence and control throughout the process. Our findings highlight how AI systems can scaffold complex communication tasks through structured, human-centered workflows that educate users on how to recognize, reflect on, and respond to online hate speech.", "B": "Online hate speech has become increasingly prevalent on social media, causing harm to individuals and society. While automated content moderation has received considerable attention, user-driven counterspeech remains a less explored yet promising approach. However, many people face difficulties in crafting effective responses. We introduce CounterQuill, a human-AI collaborative system that helps everyday users with writing empathetic counterspeech - not by generating automatic replies, but by educating them through reflection and response. CounterQuill follows a three-stage workflow grounded in computational thinking: (1) a learning session to build understanding of hate speech and counterspeech, (2) a brainstorming session to identify harmful patterns and ideate counterspeech ideas, and (3) a co-writing session that helps users refine their counter responses while preserving personal voice. Through a user study (N = 20), we found that CounterQuill helped participants develop the skills to brainstorm and draft counterspeech with confidence and control throughout the process. Our findings highlight how AI systems can scaffold complex communication tasks through structured, human-centered workflows that educate users on how to recognize, reflect on, and respond to online hate speech."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["5715734f1bbc4ec9.pdf", "809504e2705e4531.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/5715734f1bbc4ec9.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/809504e2705e4531.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "education", "dossier": "3973bc54c0c2dfdb", "gold_index": {"A": 0, "B": 1}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Online hate speech has become increasingly prevalent on social media, causing harm to individuals and society. While automated content moderation has received considerable attention, user-driven counterspeech remains a less explored yet promising approach. However, many people face difficulties in crafting effective responses. We introduce CounterQuill, a human-AI collaborative system that helps everyday users with writing empathetic counterspeech, not by generating automatic replies, but by educating them through reflection and response. CounterQuill follows a three-stage workflow grounded in computational thinking: (1) a learning session to build understanding of hate speech and counterspeech, (2) a brainstorming session to identify harmful patterns and ideate counterspeech ideas, and (3) a co-writing session that helps users refine their counter responses while preserving personal voice. Through a user study \\r{ho}(N=20), we found that CounterQuill helped participants develop the skills to brainstorm and draft counterspeech with increased confidence and control throughout the process. Our findings highlight how AI systems can scaffold complex communication tasks through structured, human-centered workflows that educate users on how to recognize, reflect on, and respond to online hate speech.", "Online hate speech has become increasingly prevalent on social media, causing harm to individuals and society. While automated content moderation has received considerable attention, user-driven counterspeech remains a less explored yet promising approach. However, many people face difficulties in crafting effective responses. We introduce CounterQuill, a human-AI collaborative system that helps everyday users with writing empathetic counterspeech - not by generating automatic replies, but by educating them through reflection and response. CounterQuill follows a three-stage workflow grounded in computational thinking: (1) a learning session to build understanding of hate speech and counterspeech, (2) a brainstorming session to identify harmful patterns and ideate counterspeech ideas, and (3) a co-writing session that helps users refine their counter responses while preserving personal voice. Through a user study (N = 20), we found that CounterQuill helped participants develop the skills to brainstorm and draft counterspeech with confidence and control throughout the process. Our findings highlight how AI systems can scaffold complex communication tasks through structured, human-centered workflows that educate users on how to recognize, reflect on, and respond to online hate speech.", "Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to support text analysis in qualitative research, yet evidence on their performance in inductive content analysis remains limited. This study compares human and LLM-based inductive coding of open-ended survey responses from 903 answers across six variables from a European PhD student survey. Five human coders performed inductive content analysis following a standardized coding scheme, while an LLM (GPT-5.4) conducted the same task using an established prompting procedure. Agreement between human and LLM outputs was assessed using the Adjusted Rand Index (ARI). Results showed an alignment between humans and the LLM, with ARI values of 0.61 for coding and 0.54 for theme generation. These values were close to the internal consistency of coding and theme results within humans (ARI = 0.68) and the LLM (ARI = 0.76). Agreement varied widely across variables, with low within-entity consistency consistently linked to low between-entity agreement, underscoring the role of data characteristics and individual performance in reliability. Overall, the findings suggest that LLMs can approximate human coding in this case-specific setting, particularly at the coding level, and may serve as a scalable support tool for inductive qualitative analysis.", "LLMs increasingly excel on AI benchmarks, but doing so does not guarantee validity for downstream tasks. This study contrasts LLM alignment on benchmarks, downstream tasks, and, importantly the intended impact of those tasks. We evaluate the performance of leading LLMs (i.e., generative pre-trained base models) on difficult-to-verify tasks of the teaching and learning of schoolchildren. Across all LLMs, inter-model behaviors on disparate tasks correlate higher than they do with expert human behaviors on target tasks. These biases shared across LLMs are poorly aligned with downstream measures of teaching quality and often negatively aligned with the intended impact of student learning outcomes. Further, we find multi-model ensembles, both unanimous model voting and expert-weighting by benchmark performance, further exacerbate misalignment with learning. We measure that selection of LLM and/or prompting strategy only reliably accounts for $15\\%$ of all measured misalignment error and that variation in misalignment error is shared across LLMs, suggesting that common pretraining accounts for much of the misalignment in these tasks. We demonstrate methods for robustly measuring alignment of complex tasks and provide unique insights into practical applications of LLMs in high-noise contexts."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_education_d850517e1ed3", "question": {"delta_files": ["5715734f1bbc4ec9.pdf", "809504e2705e4531.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/5715734f1bbc4ec9.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/809504e2705e4531.txt"], "object": "3973bc54c0c2dfdb.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"3973bc54c0c2dfdb.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "3973bc54c0c2dfdb"}
+{"answer": {"A": "PACEE: Supporting Children's Personal Emotion Education through Parent-AI Collaboration", "B": "PACEE: Parent-Centered AI Scaffolding for Emotion Education in Early Childhood Conversations"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["b8781b02fc3b27ba.pdf", "beb1c8828f676fa5.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/b8781b02fc3b27ba.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/beb1c8828f676fa5.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "education", "dossier": "bb57ab52dc4f394f", "gold_index": {"A": 0, "B": 2}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["PACEE: Supporting Children's Personal Emotion Education through Parent-AI Collaboration", "Exploring Teachers' Perspectives on Using Conversational AI Agents for Group Collaboration", "PACEE: Parent-Centered AI Scaffolding for Emotion Education in Early Childhood Conversations", "Guided Reality: Generating Visually-Enriched AR Task Guidance with LLMs and Vision Models"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_education_171735327624", "question": {"delta_files": ["b8781b02fc3b27ba.pdf", "beb1c8828f676fa5.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/b8781b02fc3b27ba.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/beb1c8828f676fa5.txt"], "object": "bb57ab52dc4f394f.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"bb57ab52dc4f394f.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_title", "unit": "bb57ab52dc4f394f"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Predicting changes in consumer attention for cultural products, such as books, movies, and songs, is notoriously difficult. Past research on predicting the popularity of individual products suggests the existence of intrinsic prediction limits. However, little is known about the limits for predicting collective attention across cultural products. Here, we analyze four years of nationwide library loan data for approximately 2 million individuals, comprising over 100 million loans of more than 660,000 unique books. We find that culture, as measured by popularity distributions of loaned books, drifts continually from month to month at a near-constant rate, leading to a growing divergence over time, and that drifts vary between different book genres. By linking book loans to registry data, we investigate the influence of age, sex, educational level, and geographical area on cultural drift, finding heterogeneous effects from the different demographic groups. Our findings have important implications for market forecasting and developing robust recommender systems, highlighting the need to account for specific drift dynamics for different types of items and demographic groups.", "B": "Predicting changes in consumer attention for cultural products, such as books, movies, and songs, is notoriously difficult. Past research suggests intrinsic limits for predicting consumer attention towards individual products. However, little is known about the limits for predicting shifts in collective attention. Here, we analyze five years of nationwide library loan data for almost 3 million individuals, comprising over 136 million loans of more than 750,000 unique titles. We find that culture, as measured by popularity distributions of loaned books, drifts continually from month to month at a near-constant rate, leading to a growing divergence over time, and that drift varies between book genres. By linking book loans to registry data, we investigate the influence of age, sex, educational level, and residential area type on cultural drift, finding heterogeneous effects. Our findings have important implications for market forecasting and algorithmic recommender systems, highlighting the need to account for drift dynamics."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["6c56cb052c1bb935.pdf", "37791a9b27490cf8.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/6c56cb052c1bb935.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/37791a9b27490cf8.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "education", "dossier": "e68ce72f035f7d23", "gold_index": {"A": 0, "B": 2}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Predicting changes in consumer attention for cultural products, such as books, movies, and songs, is notoriously difficult. Past research on predicting the popularity of individual products suggests the existence of intrinsic prediction limits. However, little is known about the limits for predicting collective attention across cultural products. Here, we analyze four years of nationwide library loan data for approximately 2 million individuals, comprising over 100 million loans of more than 660,000 unique books. We find that culture, as measured by popularity distributions of loaned books, drifts continually from month to month at a near-constant rate, leading to a growing divergence over time, and that drifts vary between different book genres. By linking book loans to registry data, we investigate the influence of age, sex, educational level, and geographical area on cultural drift, finding heterogeneous effects from the different demographic groups. Our findings have important implications for market forecasting and developing robust recommender systems, highlighting the need to account for specific drift dynamics for different types of items and demographic groups.", "Constraint-satisfaction problems (CSPs) are ubiquitous, ranging from budgeting for grocery shopping to verifying software behavior. Logic modeling helps solve CSPs programmatically using SMT solvers. Despite its importance in many Computer Science disciplines, resources for teaching and learning logic modeling are scarce and scattered, and challenges remain in designing educational environments for logic modeling that are accessible and meet the needs of teachers and students. This paper explores how to design such an environment and probes the impact of the design on the learning experience. From a need-finding interview study and a design iteration with teachers of logic modeling, we curated 10 design guidelines spanning three main requirements: providing easy access, supporting various educational modalities, and allowing extensions for customized pedagogical needs. We implemented nine guidelines in Z3Guide, an open-source browser-based tool. Using Z3Guide in a logic modeling learning workshop with more than 100 students, we gathered positive feedback on its support for learning and identified opportunities for future improvements.", "Predicting changes in consumer attention for cultural products, such as books, movies, and songs, is notoriously difficult. Past research suggests intrinsic limits for predicting consumer attention towards individual products. However, little is known about the limits for predicting shifts in collective attention. Here, we analyze five years of nationwide library loan data for almost 3 million individuals, comprising over 136 million loans of more than 750,000 unique titles. We find that culture, as measured by popularity distributions of loaned books, drifts continually from month to month at a near-constant rate, leading to a growing divergence over time, and that drift varies between book genres. By linking book loans to registry data, we investigate the influence of age, sex, educational level, and residential area type on cultural drift, finding heterogeneous effects. Our findings have important implications for market forecasting and algorithmic recommender systems, highlighting the need to account for drift dynamics.", "This paper examines the limitations of fully digital and partially digital e-assessment approaches in summative examinations in higher education. The analysis focuses on the didactic narrowing caused by closed question formats and on organizational, technical, and legal constraints that become particularly relevant in large student cohorts. As an alternative, the paper proposes a hybrid e-assessment approach that retains paper-based, problem-oriented examination tasks while enabling semi-automated grading. Assessment-relevant intermediate results are encoded in a structured answer format, entered by students by hand, and subsequently captured from table fields. The central technical bottleneck is reliable recognition of handwritten characters under realistic examination conditions. Recent vision-capable large language models, combined with a two-pass validation principle and comparison against a solution key, can reduce misclassifications and thereby improve the validity, fairness, and scalability of summative assessment."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_education_a734e0ad474b", "question": {"delta_files": ["6c56cb052c1bb935.pdf", "37791a9b27490cf8.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/6c56cb052c1bb935.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/37791a9b27490cf8.txt"], "object": "e68ce72f035f7d23.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"e68ce72f035f7d23.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "e68ce72f035f7d23"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Quantifying Student Success with Generative AI: A Monte Carlo Simulation Informed by Systematic Review", "B": "Quantifying Perception-Based Student Success with Generative AI: An Exploratory Monte Carlo Simulation"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["62cb70f71334d7f1.pdf", "99ecdbe2e09cf45a.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/62cb70f71334d7f1.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/99ecdbe2e09cf45a.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "education", "dossier": "35b460f74aa581a7", "gold_index": {"A": 0, "B": 3}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Quantifying Student Success with Generative AI: A Monte Carlo Simulation Informed by Systematic Review", "LLMs for Survey Text Analysis - A Performance Comparison Between Humans and GPT-5 on Inductive Content Analysis", "Million Tutoring Moves (MTM): An Open Multimodal Dataset for the Science of Tutoring", "Quantifying Perception-Based Student Success with Generative AI: An Exploratory Monte Carlo Simulation"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_education_b5942319dec6", "question": {"delta_files": ["62cb70f71334d7f1.pdf", "99ecdbe2e09cf45a.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/62cb70f71334d7f1.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/99ecdbe2e09cf45a.txt"], "object": "35b460f74aa581a7.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"35b460f74aa581a7.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_title", "unit": "35b460f74aa581a7"}
+{"answer": {"A": "The collapse of social contexts has been amplified by digital infrastructures but surprisingly received insufficient attention from Web privacy scholars. Users are persistently identified within and across distinct web contexts, in varying degrees, through and by different websites and trackers, losing the ability to maintain a fragmented identity. To systematically evaluate this structural privacy harm we operationalize the theory of Privacy as Contextual Integrity and measure persistent user identification within and between distinct Web contexts. We crawl the top-700 popular websites across the contexts of health, finance, news & media, LGBTQ, eCommerce, adult, and education websites, for 27 days, to learn how persistent browser identification via third-party cookies and JavaScript fingerprinting is diffused within and between web contexts. Past work measured Web tracking in bulk, highlighting the volume of trackers and tracking techniques. These measurements miss a crucial privacy implication of Web tracking - the collapse of online contexts. Our findings reveal how persistent browser identification varies between and within contexts, diffusing user IDs to different distances, contrasting known tracking distributions across websites, and conducted as a joint or separate effort via cookie IDs and JS fingerprinting. Our network analysis can inform the construction of browser storage containers to protect users against real-time context collapse. This is a first modest step in measuring Web privacy as contextual integrity, opening new avenues for contextual Web privacy research.", "B": "The collapse of social contexts has been amplified by digital infrastructures but surprisingly received insufficient attention from Web privacy scholars. Users are persistently identified within and across distinct Web contexts, in varying degrees, through and by different websites and trackers, losing the ability to maintain a fragmented identity. To systematically evaluate this structural privacy harm, we operationalize the theory of Privacy as Contextual Integrity and measure persistent user identification within and between distinct Web contexts. We crawl the top-700 popular websites across the contexts of health, finance, news \\& media, LGBTQ, eCommerce, adult, and education websites, for 27 days, and created network graphs to learn how persistent browser identification via third-party cookies and JavaScript fingerprinting is diffused within and between Web contexts. Past work measured Web tracking in bulk, highlighting the volume of trackers and tracking techniques. These measurements miss a crucial privacy implication of Web tracking - the collapse of online contexts. Our findings reveal how persistent browser identification varies between and within contexts, diffusing user IDs to different distances, contrasting known tracking distributions across websites, and conducted as a joint or separate effort via cookie IDs and JS fingerprinting. Our network analysis informs the construction of browsers' storage containers to protect users against real-time context collapse. This is a first modest step in measuring Web privacy as Contextual Integrity, opening new avenues for contextual Web privacy research."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["64335fa20f02bb46.pdf", "b69fe17dcadca304.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/64335fa20f02bb46.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/b69fe17dcadca304.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "education", "dossier": "c132ab403b9324c0", "gold_index": {"A": 3, "B": 1}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Large language models (LLMs) enable increasingly capable tutoring-style conversational agents, yet effective tutoring requires sensitivity to learners' affective and cognitive states beyond text alone. Facial expressions provide immediate and practical cues of confusion, frustration, or engagement, but remain underexplored in LLM-driven tutoring. We investigate whether facial-expression-aware signals can improve empathetic tutoring responses through prompt-level integration, without end-to-end retraining. We build a scalable simulated tutoring environment where a student agent exhibits diverse facial behaviors from a large unlabeled human facial expression video dataset, and compare four tutor variants: a text-only LLM baseline, a multimodal baseline using a random facial frame, and two Action Unit estimation model (AUM)-based methods that either inject textual AU descriptions or select a peak-expression frame for visual grounding. Across 960 multi-turn conversations spanning three tutor backbones (GPT-5.1, Claude Opus 4.5, and Gemini 2.5 Pro), we evaluate targeted pairwise comparisons with five human raters and an exhaustive AI evaluator. AU-based conditioning consistently improves empathetic responsiveness to facial expressions across all tutor backbones, while AUM-guided peak-frame selection outperforms random-frame visual input. Textual AU abstraction and peak-frame visual injection show model-dependent advantages. Control analyses show that this improvement does not come at the expense of worse pedagogical clarity or responsiveness to textual cues. Overall, our results show that lightweight, structured facial expression representations can meaningfully enhance empathy in LLM-based tutoring systems with minimal overhead. Future work should evaluate these methods using real student facial data collected during authentic learning interactions.", "The collapse of social contexts has been amplified by digital infrastructures but surprisingly received insufficient attention from Web privacy scholars. Users are persistently identified within and across distinct Web contexts, in varying degrees, through and by different websites and trackers, losing the ability to maintain a fragmented identity. To systematically evaluate this structural privacy harm, we operationalize the theory of Privacy as Contextual Integrity and measure persistent user identification within and between distinct Web contexts. We crawl the top-700 popular websites across the contexts of health, finance, news \\& media, LGBTQ, eCommerce, adult, and education websites, for 27 days, and created network graphs to learn how persistent browser identification via third-party cookies and JavaScript fingerprinting is diffused within and between Web contexts. Past work measured Web tracking in bulk, highlighting the volume of trackers and tracking techniques. These measurements miss a crucial privacy implication of Web tracking - the collapse of online contexts. Our findings reveal how persistent browser identification varies between and within contexts, diffusing user IDs to different distances, contrasting known tracking distributions across websites, and conducted as a joint or separate effort via cookie IDs and JS fingerprinting. Our network analysis informs the construction of browsers' storage containers to protect users against real-time context collapse. This is a first modest step in measuring Web privacy as Contextual Integrity, opening new avenues for contextual Web privacy research.", "We present CaravelMetrics, a computational framework for automated cerebrovascular analysis that models vessel morphology through skeletonization-derived graph representations. The framework integrates atlas-based regional parcellation, centerline extraction, and graph construction to compute fifteen morphometric, topological, fractal, and geometric features. The features can be estimated globally from the complete vascular network or regionally within arterial territories, enabling multiscale characterization of cerebrovascular organization. Applied to 570 3D TOF-MRA scans from the IXI dataset (ages 20-86), CaravelMetrics yields reproducible vessel graphs capturing age- and sex-related variations and education-associated increases in vascular complexity, consistent with findings reported in the literature. The framework provides a scalable and fully automated approach for quantitative cerebrovascular feature extraction, supporting normative modeling and population-level studies of vascular health and aging.", "The collapse of social contexts has been amplified by digital infrastructures but surprisingly received insufficient attention from Web privacy scholars. Users are persistently identified within and across distinct web contexts, in varying degrees, through and by different websites and trackers, losing the ability to maintain a fragmented identity. To systematically evaluate this structural privacy harm we operationalize the theory of Privacy as Contextual Integrity and measure persistent user identification within and between distinct Web contexts. We crawl the top-700 popular websites across the contexts of health, finance, news & media, LGBTQ, eCommerce, adult, and education websites, for 27 days, to learn how persistent browser identification via third-party cookies and JavaScript fingerprinting is diffused within and between web contexts. Past work measured Web tracking in bulk, highlighting the volume of trackers and tracking techniques. These measurements miss a crucial privacy implication of Web tracking - the collapse of online contexts. Our findings reveal how persistent browser identification varies between and within contexts, diffusing user IDs to different distances, contrasting known tracking distributions across websites, and conducted as a joint or separate effort via cookie IDs and JS fingerprinting. Our network analysis can inform the construction of browser storage containers to protect users against real-time context collapse. This is a first modest step in measuring Web privacy as contextual integrity, opening new avenues for contextual Web privacy research."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_education_4629192516fe", "question": {"delta_files": ["64335fa20f02bb46.pdf", "b69fe17dcadca304.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/64335fa20f02bb46.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/b69fe17dcadca304.txt"], "object": "c132ab403b9324c0.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"c132ab403b9324c0.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "c132ab403b9324c0"}
+{"answer": {"A": "The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) with Learning Management Systems (LMSs) has the potential to enhance task automation and accessibility in education. However, hallucination where LLMs generate inaccurate or misleading information remains a significant challenge. This study introduces the Dynamic Course Content Integration (DCCI) mechanism, which dynamically retrieves and integrates course content and curriculum from Canvas LMS into the LLM-powered assistant, Ask ME. By employing prompt engineering to structure retrieved content within the LLM's context window, DCCI ensures accuracy, relevance, and contextual alignment, mitigating hallucination. To evaluate DCCI's effectiveness, Ask ME's usability, and broader student perceptions of AI in education, a mixed-methods approach was employed, incorporating user satisfaction ratings and a structured survey. Results from a pilot study indicate high user satisfaction (4.614/5), with students recognizing Ask ME's ability to provide timely and contextually relevant responses for both administrative and course-related inquiries. Additionally, a majority of students agreed that Ask ME's integration with course content in Canvas LMS reduced platform-switching, improving usability, engagement, and comprehension. AI's role in reducing classroom hesitation and fostering self-directed learning and intellectual curiosity was also highlighted. Despite these benefits and positive perception of AI tools, concerns emerged regarding over-reliance on AI, accuracy limitations, and ethical issues such as plagiarism and reduced student-teacher interaction. These findings emphasize the need for strategic AI implementation, ethical safeguards, and a pedagogical framework that prioritizes human-AI collaboration over substitution.", "B": "Integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) with Learning Management Systems (LMSs) can enhance task automation and accessibility in education. However, hallucination where LLMs generate inaccurate or misleading information remains a challenge. This study introduces the Dynamic Course Content Integration (DCCI) mechanism, which dynamically retrieves course content from Canvas LMS and structures it within an LLM's context window via prompt engineering, enabling the LLM-powered assistant, Ask ME, to deliver context-aware, curriculum-aligned responses while mitigating hallucinations. A mixed-methods pilot study grounded in Self-Determination Theory (autonomy, competence) and the Technology Acceptance Model (perceived usefulness, ease of use) evaluated DCCI's effectiveness with 120 first-year programming students at Eötvös Loránd University. The course focused on foundational programming patterns in C#, including writing program specifications. We analyzed 14,746 logged interactions and a post-course survey completed by 101 students. User satisfaction was measured via a 5-point Likert scale (turn-level ratings), while the survey assessed usability, engagement, and ethical concerns. Results indicated high satisfaction (mean 4.65/5) and strong recognition of Ask ME's ability to provide timely, contextually relevant answers to administrative and course-related queries. 78.06% agreed that Ask ME's Canvas integration reduced platform switching, improving usability, engagement, comprehension, and topic exploration. Many students reported reduced hesitation to ask questions and increased motivation for self-directed learning, though concerns about over-reliance on AI and reduced student-teacher interaction emerged. This study demonstrates that DCCI enhances LLM reliability, student satisfaction, and engagement in AI-driven educational automation, while highlighting the importance of balancing"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["e66720898f395955.pdf", "ec38bdba2c82be73.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/e66720898f395955.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/ec38bdba2c82be73.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "education", "dossier": "deca49881cd78b42", "gold_index": {"A": 2, "B": 0}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) with Learning Management Systems (LMSs) can enhance task automation and accessibility in education. However, hallucination where LLMs generate inaccurate or misleading information remains a challenge. This study introduces the Dynamic Course Content Integration (DCCI) mechanism, which dynamically retrieves course content from Canvas LMS and structures it within an LLM's context window via prompt engineering, enabling the LLM-powered assistant, Ask ME, to deliver context-aware, curriculum-aligned responses while mitigating hallucinations. A mixed-methods pilot study grounded in Self-Determination Theory (autonomy, competence) and the Technology Acceptance Model (perceived usefulness, ease of use) evaluated DCCI's effectiveness with 120 first-year programming students at Eötvös Loránd University. The course focused on foundational programming patterns in C#, including writing program specifications. We analyzed 14,746 logged interactions and a post-course survey completed by 101 students. User satisfaction was measured via a 5-point Likert scale (turn-level ratings), while the survey assessed usability, engagement, and ethical concerns. Results indicated high satisfaction (mean 4.65/5) and strong recognition of Ask ME's ability to provide timely, contextually relevant answers to administrative and course-related queries. 78.06% agreed that Ask ME's Canvas integration reduced platform switching, improving usability, engagement, comprehension, and topic exploration. Many students reported reduced hesitation to ask questions and increased motivation for self-directed learning, though concerns about over-reliance on AI and reduced student-teacher interaction emerged. This study demonstrates that DCCI enhances LLM reliability, student satisfaction, and engagement in AI-driven educational automation, while highlighting the importance of balancing", "Automation affects the labour content of work differently across different contexts. Yet, most existing exposure measures assign fixed scores to tasks or occupations, limiting comparisons of automation exposure across countries. We develop a task-based and country-specific approach to classify automation exposure across the world to disentangle labor-substituting from labor-augmenting automation, the relevant technology channel, and the material role of AI. Our measure spans 124 countries, generating an atlas of 2.33 million task-country labels for economies covering 99% of world population and GDP. We present five descriptive results. First, exposure is highly uneven, ranging from 3.3% of tasks in South Sudan to 61.6% in China, and rises strongly with income, although substantial variation remains within income groups. Second, across countries, exposed tasks are skewed towards substitution rather than augmentation, but low-income countries are disproportionately exposed to substitution, whereas middle-income countries are more heterogeneous. Third, less technologically advanced forms of automation account for more than half of exposed tasks in low-income countries but about one quarter in high-income countries; while other more complex channels generally rise with income levels. Fourth, AI tends to be less prevalent in simpler channels of automation, but also more prevalent in labour-substituting margins in lower income settings and to augment labour in higher income settings. Fifth, we find that females seem to be disproportionately more exposed to labour-substituting automation than males. Our methodology provides a basis for comparing automation exposure across development stages, linking it with cross-country data and allowing us to treat exposure levels, labour margins, technological channels and AI involvement as separate dimensions.", "The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) with Learning Management Systems (LMSs) has the potential to enhance task automation and accessibility in education. However, hallucination where LLMs generate inaccurate or misleading information remains a significant challenge. This study introduces the Dynamic Course Content Integration (DCCI) mechanism, which dynamically retrieves and integrates course content and curriculum from Canvas LMS into the LLM-powered assistant, Ask ME. By employing prompt engineering to structure retrieved content within the LLM's context window, DCCI ensures accuracy, relevance, and contextual alignment, mitigating hallucination. To evaluate DCCI's effectiveness, Ask ME's usability, and broader student perceptions of AI in education, a mixed-methods approach was employed, incorporating user satisfaction ratings and a structured survey. Results from a pilot study indicate high user satisfaction (4.614/5), with students recognizing Ask ME's ability to provide timely and contextually relevant responses for both administrative and course-related inquiries. Additionally, a majority of students agreed that Ask ME's integration with course content in Canvas LMS reduced platform-switching, improving usability, engagement, and comprehension. AI's role in reducing classroom hesitation and fostering self-directed learning and intellectual curiosity was also highlighted. Despite these benefits and positive perception of AI tools, concerns emerged regarding over-reliance on AI, accuracy limitations, and ethical issues such as plagiarism and reduced student-teacher interaction. These findings emphasize the need for strategic AI implementation, ethical safeguards, and a pedagogical framework that prioritizes human-AI collaboration over substitution.", "Affective polarization and increasing social divisions affect social mixing and the spread of information across online and physical spaces, reinforcing social and electoral cleavages and influencing political outcomes. Here, using individual survey data and aggregated and de-identified co-location and online network data, we investigate the relationship between partisan exposure and vote choice in the US by comparing offline and online dimensions of partisan exposure. By leveraging various statistical modeling approaches, we consistently find that partisan exposure in the physical space, as captured by co-location patterns, more accurately predicts electoral outcomes in US counties, outperforming online and residential exposures. Similarly, offline ties at the individual level better predict vote choice compared to online connections. We also estimate county-level experienced partisan segregation and examine its relationship with individuals' demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Focusing on metropolitan areas, our results confirm the presence of extensive partisan segregation in the US and show that offline partisan isolation, both considering physical encounters or residential sorting, is higher than online segregation and is primarily associated with educational attainment. Our findings emphasize the importance of physical space in understanding the relationship between social networks and political behavior, in contrast to the intense scrutiny focused on online social networks and elections."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_education_a0408b5bc28f", "question": {"delta_files": ["e66720898f395955.pdf", "ec38bdba2c82be73.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/e66720898f395955.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/ec38bdba2c82be73.txt"], "object": "deca49881cd78b42.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"deca49881cd78b42.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "deca49881cd78b42"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Toward Socially-Aware LLMs: A Survey of Multimodal Approaches to Human Behavior Understanding", "B": "The Social Gaze of LLMs: A Literature Review of Multimodal Approaches to Human Behavior Understanding"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["339a17a28500a7ad.pdf", "4877f1784a1948a0.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/339a17a28500a7ad.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/4877f1784a1948a0.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "education", "dossier": "57609229149bdd8f", "gold_index": {"A": 3, "B": 0}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["The Social Gaze of LLMs: A Literature Review of Multimodal Approaches to Human Behavior Understanding", "Reimagining the Traditional Flight Computer: E6BJA as a Modern, Multi-Platform Tool for Flight Calculations and Training", "DiscussLLM: Teaching Large Language Models When to Speak", "Toward Socially-Aware LLMs: A Survey of Multimodal Approaches to Human Behavior Understanding"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_education_e6b047cfda01", "question": {"delta_files": ["339a17a28500a7ad.pdf", "4877f1784a1948a0.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/339a17a28500a7ad.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/4877f1784a1948a0.txt"], "object": "57609229149bdd8f.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"57609229149bdd8f.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_title", "unit": "57609229149bdd8f"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Why Johnny Can't Think: GenAI's Impacts on Cognitive Engagement", "B": "Thinking Less, Trusting More: GenAI's Impacts on Students' Cognitive Habits"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["9efd0849bc225c71.pdf", "79d6a6fa7b98bae3.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/9efd0849bc225c71.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/79d6a6fa7b98bae3.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "education", "dossier": "7c17adca0abd7de1", "gold_index": {"A": 1, "B": 3}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Interaction Readiness: A Framework for Building and Evaluating AI Agents in Human Roles", "Why Johnny Can't Think: GenAI's Impacts on Cognitive Engagement", "Facial-Expression-Aware Prompting for Empathetic LLM Tutoring", "Thinking Less, Trusting More: GenAI's Impacts on Students' Cognitive Habits"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_education_8f344893a70a", "question": {"delta_files": ["9efd0849bc225c71.pdf", "79d6a6fa7b98bae3.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/9efd0849bc225c71.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/79d6a6fa7b98bae3.txt"], "object": "7c17adca0abd7de1.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"7c17adca0abd7de1.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_title", "unit": "7c17adca0abd7de1"}
diff --git a/release/gold/T5/finance.jsonl b/release/gold/T5/finance.jsonl
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+{"answer": {"A": "A. I. C. Pereda", "B": "Ana I. C. Pereda"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["195d6c7286297000.pdf", "349e1a3959667a2d.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/195d6c7286297000.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/349e1a3959667a2d.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "22cc6337f63235fd", "gold_index": {"A": 1, "B": 0}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Ana I. C. Pereda", "A. I. C. Pereda", "Takanori Adachi", "Brian P. Hanley"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_finance_620a9bfcca81", "question": {"delta_files": ["195d6c7286297000.pdf", "349e1a3959667a2d.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/195d6c7286297000.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/349e1a3959667a2d.txt"], "object": "22cc6337f63235fd.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "Who are the authors of the PDF document \"22cc6337f63235fd.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_author_list", "unit": "22cc6337f63235fd"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Applications of synthetic financial data in portfolio and risk modeling", "B": "Deep Generative Models for Synthetic Financial Data: Applications to Portfolio and Risk Modeling"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["03940a14811843e4.pdf", "31f94d216f82eed4.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/03940a14811843e4.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/31f94d216f82eed4.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "aa9b5cf53cdf4327", "gold_index": {"A": 2, "B": 0}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Deep Generative Models for Synthetic Financial Data: Applications to Portfolio and Risk Modeling", "Analysis of market efficiency in main stock markets: using Karman-Filter as an approach", "Applications of synthetic financial data in portfolio and risk modeling", "Replica del valor de un pool (CPM) y hedging de perdidas impermanentes"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_finance_04fea186ee99", "question": {"delta_files": ["03940a14811843e4.pdf", "31f94d216f82eed4.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/03940a14811843e4.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/31f94d216f82eed4.txt"], "object": "aa9b5cf53cdf4327.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"aa9b5cf53cdf4327.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_title", "unit": "aa9b5cf53cdf4327"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Artificial intelligence is transforming financial investment decision-making frameworks, with deep reinforcement learning demonstrating substantial potential in robo-advisory applications. This paper addresses the limitations of traditional portfolio optimization methods in dynamic asset weight adjustment through the development of a deep reinforcement learning-based dynamic optimization model grounded in practical trading processes. The research advances two key innovations: first, the introduction of a Sharpe ratio reward function engineered for Actor-Critic deep reinforcement learning algorithms, which optimizes the average Sharpe ratio during training; second, the development of an innovative comprehensive approach to portfolio optimization utilizing deep reinforcement learning, which significantly enhances model optimization capability through the integration of random sampling strategies during training with image-based deep neural network architectures for multi-dimensional financial time series data processing, average Sharpe ratio reward functions, and deep reinforcement learning algorithms. The empirical analysis validates the model using randomly selected constituent stocks from the CSI 300 Index, benchmarking against established financial econometric optimization models. Backtesting results demonstrate the model's efficacy in optimizing portfolio allocation and mitigating investment risk, yielding superior comprehensive performance metrics.", "B": "Artificial intelligence is transforming financial investment decision-making frameworks, with deep reinforcement learning demonstrating substantial potential in robo-advisory applications. This paper addresses the limitations of traditional portfolio optimization methods in dynamic asset weight adjustment through the development of a deep reinforcement learning-based dynamic optimization model grounded in practical trading processes. The research advances two key innovations: first, the introduction of a novel Sharpe ratio reward function engineered for Actor-Critic deep reinforcement learning algorithms, which ensures stable convergence during training while consistently achieving positive average Sharpe ratios; second, the development of an innovative comprehensive approach to portfolio optimization utilizing deep reinforcement learning, which significantly enhances model optimization capability through the integration of random sampling strategies during training with image-based deep neural network architectures for multi-dimensional financial time series data processing, average Sharpe ratio reward functions, and deep reinforcement learning algorithms. The empirical analysis validates the model using randomly selected constituent stocks from the CSI 300 Index, benchmarking against established financial econometric optimization models. Backtesting results demonstrate the model's efficacy in optimizing portfolio allocation and mitigating investment risk, yielding superior comprehensive performance metrics."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["58ceb15b5fb61ada.pdf", "d4f28aea59a93c32.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/58ceb15b5fb61ada.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/d4f28aea59a93c32.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "4675b492f3c62fa6", "gold_index": {"A": 3, "B": 2}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["This paper introduces a novel stochastic control framework to enhance the capabilities of automated investment managers, or robo-advisors, by accurately inferring clients' investment preferences from past activities. Our approach leverages a continuous-time model that incorporates utility functions and a generic discounting scheme of a time-varying rate, tailored to each client's risk tolerance, valuation of daily consumption, and significant life goals. We address the resulting time inconsistency issue through state augmentation and the establishment of the dynamic programming principle and the verification theorem. Additionally, we provide sufficient conditions for the identifiability of client investment preferences. To complement our theoretical developments, we propose a learning algorithm based on maximum likelihood estimation within a discrete-time Markov Decision Process framework, augmented with entropy regularization. We prove that the log-likelihood function is locally concave, facilitating the fast convergence of our proposed algorithm. Practical effectiveness and efficiency are showcased through two numerical examples, including Merton's problem and an investment problem with unhedgeable risks. Our proposed framework not only advances financial technology by improving personalized investment advice but also contributes broadly to other fields such as healthcare, economics, and artificial intelligence, where understanding individual preferences is crucial.", "Order placement tactics play a crucial role in high-frequency trading algorithms and their design is based on understanding the dynamics of the order book. Using high quality high-frequency data and a set of microstructural features, we exhibit strong state dependence properties of the fill probability function. We train a neural network to infer the fill probability function for a fixed horizon. Since we aim at providing a high-frequency execution framework, we use a simple architecture. A weighting method is applied to the loss function such that the model learns from censored data. By comparing numerical results obtained on both digital asset centralized exchanges (CEXs) and stock markets, we are able to analyze dissimilarities between feature importances of the fill probability of small tick crypto pairs and Euronext equities. The practical use of this model is illustrated with a fixed time horizon execution problem in which both the decision to post a limit order or to immediately execute and the optimal distance of placement are characterized. We discuss the importance of accurately estimating the clean-up cost that occurs in the case of a non-execution and we show it can be well approximated by a smooth function of market features. We finally assess the performance of our model with a backtesting approach that avoids the insertion of hypothetical orders and makes possible to test the order placement algorithm with orders that realistically impact the price formation process.", "Artificial intelligence is transforming financial investment decision-making frameworks, with deep reinforcement learning demonstrating substantial potential in robo-advisory applications. This paper addresses the limitations of traditional portfolio optimization methods in dynamic asset weight adjustment through the development of a deep reinforcement learning-based dynamic optimization model grounded in practical trading processes. The research advances two key innovations: first, the introduction of a novel Sharpe ratio reward function engineered for Actor-Critic deep reinforcement learning algorithms, which ensures stable convergence during training while consistently achieving positive average Sharpe ratios; second, the development of an innovative comprehensive approach to portfolio optimization utilizing deep reinforcement learning, which significantly enhances model optimization capability through the integration of random sampling strategies during training with image-based deep neural network architectures for multi-dimensional financial time series data processing, average Sharpe ratio reward functions, and deep reinforcement learning algorithms. The empirical analysis validates the model using randomly selected constituent stocks from the CSI 300 Index, benchmarking against established financial econometric optimization models. Backtesting results demonstrate the model's efficacy in optimizing portfolio allocation and mitigating investment risk, yielding superior comprehensive performance metrics.", "Artificial intelligence is transforming financial investment decision-making frameworks, with deep reinforcement learning demonstrating substantial potential in robo-advisory applications. This paper addresses the limitations of traditional portfolio optimization methods in dynamic asset weight adjustment through the development of a deep reinforcement learning-based dynamic optimization model grounded in practical trading processes. The research advances two key innovations: first, the introduction of a Sharpe ratio reward function engineered for Actor-Critic deep reinforcement learning algorithms, which optimizes the average Sharpe ratio during training; second, the development of an innovative comprehensive approach to portfolio optimization utilizing deep reinforcement learning, which significantly enhances model optimization capability through the integration of random sampling strategies during training with image-based deep neural network architectures for multi-dimensional financial time series data processing, average Sharpe ratio reward functions, and deep reinforcement learning algorithms. The empirical analysis validates the model using randomly selected constituent stocks from the CSI 300 Index, benchmarking against established financial econometric optimization models. Backtesting results demonstrate the model's efficacy in optimizing portfolio allocation and mitigating investment risk, yielding superior comprehensive performance metrics."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_finance_a02b41a035ed", "question": {"delta_files": ["58ceb15b5fb61ada.pdf", "d4f28aea59a93c32.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/58ceb15b5fb61ada.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/d4f28aea59a93c32.txt"], "object": "4675b492f3c62fa6.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"4675b492f3c62fa6.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "4675b492f3c62fa6"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Climate Physical Risk Assessment in Asset Management", "B": "Physical Climate Risk in Asset Management"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["256d7567b0af707d.pdf", "091e2781b8f028bc.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/256d7567b0af707d.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/091e2781b8f028bc.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "1f97455532f7f467", "gold_index": {"A": 2, "B": 0}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Physical Climate Risk in Asset Management", "Long-memory GARCH via a two-dimensional Markov chain", "Climate Physical Risk Assessment in Asset Management", "Phase transitions in debt recycling"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_finance_cf49944a447c", "question": {"delta_files": ["256d7567b0af707d.pdf", "091e2781b8f028bc.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/256d7567b0af707d.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/091e2781b8f028bc.txt"], "object": "1f97455532f7f467.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"1f97455532f7f467.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_title", "unit": "1f97455532f7f467"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Climate-related phenomena are increasingly affecting regions worldwide, manifesting as floods, water scarcity, and heat waves, which can significantly impair companies' assets and productivity. We develop a framework, based on the Vasicek model for credit risk, that introduces downward jumps due to climate phenomena in a company asset's dynamics. These negative shocks are designed to mirror the negative effect of extreme climate events. We explore various possibilities for the distribution of jumps and provide a comprehensive characterization of the model and its calibration process that relies on companies' asset intensity and geographical exposure. We utilize this new multivariate firm value model framework with jumps to understand the influence of climate related extreme events on different portfolios' expected and unexpected losses. The results suggest introducing additional safe capital to offset the losses resulting from physical climate risks, particularly for high asset intensity sectors.", "B": "Climate-related phenomena are increasingly affecting regions worldwide, manifesting as floods, water scarcity, and heat waves, significantly impairing companies' assets and productivity. It is essential for asset managers to quantify the exposure of their portfolios to such risk. To this aim, we develop a framework based on the Vasicek model for credit risk that introduces downward jumps due to climate phenomena in a company asset's dynamics. These negative shocks are designed to mirror the negative effect of extreme climate events. The model calibration relies on companies' asset intensity and geographical exposure. We apply the new multivariate firm value model with jumps to assess the impact of climate-related extreme events on expected and unexpected portfolio losses. Our findings indicate that expected losses increase over time, with pronounced differences in exposure observed across sectoral indices. From an environmental policy perspective, these results suggest the need for additional capital buffers to offset losses arising from physical climate risks, particularly in sectors with high asset intensity."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["256d7567b0af707d.pdf", "091e2781b8f028bc.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/256d7567b0af707d.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/091e2781b8f028bc.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "1f97455532f7f467", "gold_index": {"A": 2, "B": 3}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["This study is the first to analyze the performance of a time-series foundation model for Value-at-Risk (VaR), which essentially forecasts the left-tail quantiles of returns. Foundation models, pre-trained on diverse datasets, can be applied in a zero-shot setting with minimal data or further improved through finetuning. We compare Google's TimesFM model to conventional parametric and non-parametric models, including GARCH and Generalized Autoregressive Score (GAS), using 19 years of daily returns from the S&P 100 index and its constituents. Backtesting with over 8.5 years of out-of-sample data shows that the fine-tuned foundation model consistently outperforms traditional methods in actual-over-expected ratios. For the quantile score loss function, it performs comparably to the best econometric model, GAS. Overall, the foundation model ranks as the best or among the top performers across the 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1 quantile forecasting. Fine-tuning significantly improves accuracy, showing that zero-shot use is not optimal for VaR.", "We find an approximate Nash equilibrium in a game between decentralized exchanges (DEXs) that compete for order flow by setting dynamic trading fees. We characterize the equilibrium via a coupled system of partial differential equations and derive tractable approximate closed-form expressions for the equilibrium fees. Our analysis shows that the two-regime structure found in monopoly models persists under competition: pools alternate between raising fees to deter arbitrage and lowering fees to attract noise trading and increase volatility. Under competition, however, the switching boundary shifts from the oracle price to a weighted average of the oracle and competitors' exchange rates. Our numerical experiments show that, holding total liquidity fixed, an increase in the number of competing DEXs reduces execution slippage for strategic liquidity takers and lowers fee revenue per DEX. Finally, the effect on noise traders' slippage depends on market activity: they are worse off in low-activity markets but better off in high-activity ones.", "Climate-related phenomena are increasingly affecting regions worldwide, manifesting as floods, water scarcity, and heat waves, which can significantly impair companies' assets and productivity. We develop a framework, based on the Vasicek model for credit risk, that introduces downward jumps due to climate phenomena in a company asset's dynamics. These negative shocks are designed to mirror the negative effect of extreme climate events. We explore various possibilities for the distribution of jumps and provide a comprehensive characterization of the model and its calibration process that relies on companies' asset intensity and geographical exposure. We utilize this new multivariate firm value model framework with jumps to understand the influence of climate related extreme events on different portfolios' expected and unexpected losses. The results suggest introducing additional safe capital to offset the losses resulting from physical climate risks, particularly for high asset intensity sectors.", "Climate-related phenomena are increasingly affecting regions worldwide, manifesting as floods, water scarcity, and heat waves, significantly impairing companies' assets and productivity. It is essential for asset managers to quantify the exposure of their portfolios to such risk. To this aim, we develop a framework based on the Vasicek model for credit risk that introduces downward jumps due to climate phenomena in a company asset's dynamics. These negative shocks are designed to mirror the negative effect of extreme climate events. The model calibration relies on companies' asset intensity and geographical exposure. We apply the new multivariate firm value model with jumps to assess the impact of climate-related extreme events on expected and unexpected portfolio losses. Our findings indicate that expected losses increase over time, with pronounced differences in exposure observed across sectoral indices. From an environmental policy perspective, these results suggest the need for additional capital buffers to offset losses arising from physical climate risks, particularly in sectors with high asset intensity."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_finance_ce1aa7297d26", "question": {"delta_files": ["256d7567b0af707d.pdf", "091e2781b8f028bc.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/256d7567b0af707d.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/091e2781b8f028bc.txt"], "object": "1f97455532f7f467.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"1f97455532f7f467.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "1f97455532f7f467"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Cryptocurrency markets exhibit periodic bursts in volatility and volume at one-, five-, and quarter-hour marks. Using trade data for six Binance perpetual contracts, we associate these bursts with algorithmic trading: trade-size roundness declines sharply within them, a behavioral signature of algorithmic participation. The Autocorrelation Map, a clock-phase-resolved display, reveals serial dependence in order flow and returns at the quarter-hour openings that conventional measures conceal. This opening activity is not only predictable out of sample but also informative: its order imbalance forecasts four-to-twelve-hour returns, weaker at finer marks. Our results characterize periodic algorithmic trading and its cross-frequency variation.", "B": "Cryptocurrency markets exhibit periodic bursts in volatility and volume at one-minute, five-minute, and quarter-hour marks. Using trade data for six Binance perpetual contracts, we link these bursts to algorithmic participation: trade-size roundness declines sharply during them. The Autocorrelation Map, a clock-phase-resolved display, reveals serial dependence in order flow and returns at quarter-hour openings that conventional measures obscure. Opening returns are predictable out of sample, while opening order imbalance predicts returns over four to twelve hours, with much weaker effects at finer clock-time frequencies. Together, these findings characterize periodic algorithmic trading and its cross-frequency variation."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["c11a1a534caeea57.pdf", "28f8cd1cc8411515.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/c11a1a534caeea57.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/28f8cd1cc8411515.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "95b572274d7d42e5", "gold_index": {"A": 0, "B": 1}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Cryptocurrency markets exhibit periodic bursts in volatility and volume at one-, five-, and quarter-hour marks. Using trade data for six Binance perpetual contracts, we associate these bursts with algorithmic trading: trade-size roundness declines sharply within them, a behavioral signature of algorithmic participation. The Autocorrelation Map, a clock-phase-resolved display, reveals serial dependence in order flow and returns at the quarter-hour openings that conventional measures conceal. This opening activity is not only predictable out of sample but also informative: its order imbalance forecasts four-to-twelve-hour returns, weaker at finer marks. Our results characterize periodic algorithmic trading and its cross-frequency variation.", "Cryptocurrency markets exhibit periodic bursts in volatility and volume at one-minute, five-minute, and quarter-hour marks. Using trade data for six Binance perpetual contracts, we link these bursts to algorithmic participation: trade-size roundness declines sharply during them. The Autocorrelation Map, a clock-phase-resolved display, reveals serial dependence in order flow and returns at quarter-hour openings that conventional measures obscure. Opening returns are predictable out of sample, while opening order imbalance predicts returns over four to twelve hours, with much weaker effects at finer clock-time frequencies. Together, these findings characterize periodic algorithmic trading and its cross-frequency variation.", "Trend following and momentum investing are common strategies employed by asset managers. Even though they can be helpful in the proper situations, they are limited in the sense that they work just by looking at past, as if we were driving with our focus on the rearview mirror. In this paper, we advocate for the use of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning techniques to predict future market trends. These predictions, when done properly, can improve the performance of asset managers by increasing returns and reducing drawdowns.", "A novel procedure is presented for finding the true but latent endpoints within the repayment histories of individual loans. The monthly observations beyond these true endpoints are false, largely due to operational failures that delay account closure, thereby corrupting some loans. Detecting these false observations is difficult at scale since each affected loan history might have a different sequence of trailing zero (or very small) month-end balances. Identifying these trailing balances requires an exact definition of a \"small balance\", which our method informs. We demonstrate this procedure and isolate the ideal small-balance definition using two different South African datasets. Evidently, corrupted loans are remarkably prevalent and have excess histories that are surprisingly long, which ruin the timing of risk events and compromise any subsequent time-to-event model, e.g., survival analysis. Having discarded these excess histories, we demonstrably improve the accuracy of both the predicted timing and severity of risk events, without materially impacting the portfolio. The resulting estimates of credit losses are lower and less biased, which augurs well for raising accurate credit impairments under IFRS 9. Our work therefore addresses a pernicious data error, which highlights the pivotal role of data preparation in producing credible forecasts of credit risk."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_finance_7ab0633d573c", "question": {"delta_files": ["c11a1a534caeea57.pdf", "28f8cd1cc8411515.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/c11a1a534caeea57.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/28f8cd1cc8411515.txt"], "object": "95b572274d7d42e5.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"95b572274d7d42e5.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "95b572274d7d42e5"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Dynamic Optimization of Portfolio Allocation Using Deep Reinforcement Learning", "B": "A Deep Reinforcement Learning Framework for Dynamic Portfolio Optimization: Evidence from China's Stock Market"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["58ceb15b5fb61ada.pdf", "d4f28aea59a93c32.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/58ceb15b5fb61ada.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/d4f28aea59a93c32.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "4675b492f3c62fa6", "gold_index": {"A": 0, "B": 3}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Dynamic Optimization of Portfolio Allocation Using Deep Reinforcement Learning", "Conditional Risk Minimization with Side Information: A Tractable, Universal Optimal Transport Framework", "Monitoring the carbon emissions transition of global building end-use activity", "A Deep Reinforcement Learning Framework for Dynamic Portfolio Optimization: Evidence from China's Stock Market"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_finance_de1bb492ec2b", "question": {"delta_files": ["58ceb15b5fb61ada.pdf", "d4f28aea59a93c32.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/58ceb15b5fb61ada.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/d4f28aea59a93c32.txt"], "object": "4675b492f3c62fa6.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"4675b492f3c62fa6.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_title", "unit": "4675b492f3c62fa6"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) models, which are nowadays a crucial element of the set of quantitative tools that policy-makers have, did not emerge spontaneously. They rely on previously established ideas in Economics and relatively recent advancements in Mathematics. I aim to provide a comprehensive coverage of their history, starting from the pioneering Neoclassical general equilibrium theories and eventually reaching the New Neoclassical Synthesis (NNS). I thoroughly present the mathematical tools involved in formulating a DSGE model. I claim that this history has a mixed nature rather than an absolutist or relativist one, that the NNS may have emerged due to the complementary nature of New Classical and New Keynesian theories, and that the recent adoption and development of DSGE models by central banks from different countries has entailed a departure from the goal of building a universally valid theory that Economics has always had. The latter means that DSGE modeling has landed not without loss of generality.", "B": "Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) models are nowadays a crucial quantitative tool for policy-makers. However, they did not emerge spontaneously. They are built upon previously established ideas in Economics and relatively recent advancements in Mathematics. This essay provides a comprehensive coverage of their history, starting from the pioneering Neoclassical general equilibrium theories and eventually reaching the New Neoclassical Synthesis (NNS). In addition, the mathematical tools involved in formulating a DSGE model are thoroughly presented. I argue that this history has a mixed nature rather than an absolutist or relativist one, that the NNS may have emerged due to the complementary nature of New Classical and New Keynesian theories, and that the recent adoption and development of DSGE models by central banks from different countries has entailed a departure from the goal of building a universally valid theory that Economics has always had. The latter means that DSGE modeling has landed not without loss of generality."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["2f7476676a8a36da.pdf", "a894b2b1e4115592.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/2f7476676a8a36da.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/a894b2b1e4115592.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "26bb2244b06c39c6", "gold_index": {"A": 0, "B": 2}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) models, which are nowadays a crucial element of the set of quantitative tools that policy-makers have, did not emerge spontaneously. They rely on previously established ideas in Economics and relatively recent advancements in Mathematics. I aim to provide a comprehensive coverage of their history, starting from the pioneering Neoclassical general equilibrium theories and eventually reaching the New Neoclassical Synthesis (NNS). I thoroughly present the mathematical tools involved in formulating a DSGE model. I claim that this history has a mixed nature rather than an absolutist or relativist one, that the NNS may have emerged due to the complementary nature of New Classical and New Keynesian theories, and that the recent adoption and development of DSGE models by central banks from different countries has entailed a departure from the goal of building a universally valid theory that Economics has always had. The latter means that DSGE modeling has landed not without loss of generality.", "We construct an analytical general equilibrium model of an economy with carbon offsets, and show that increasing the carbon offset price has an ambiguous effect on aggregate emissions and welfare. Using two carbon accounting metrics, we demonstrate that offsets are over-credited under many parameterizations; however, offset under-crediting can also occur. Due to general equilibrium effects, neither carbon accounting metric is a sufficient statistic for welfare. Furthermore, we define four margins whereby offsets can respond to payments, including a margin not previously identified. Our results suggest that market spillover effects warrant consideration when evaluating carbon offset policies.", "Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) models are nowadays a crucial quantitative tool for policy-makers. However, they did not emerge spontaneously. They are built upon previously established ideas in Economics and relatively recent advancements in Mathematics. This essay provides a comprehensive coverage of their history, starting from the pioneering Neoclassical general equilibrium theories and eventually reaching the New Neoclassical Synthesis (NNS). In addition, the mathematical tools involved in formulating a DSGE model are thoroughly presented. I argue that this history has a mixed nature rather than an absolutist or relativist one, that the NNS may have emerged due to the complementary nature of New Classical and New Keynesian theories, and that the recent adoption and development of DSGE models by central banks from different countries has entailed a departure from the goal of building a universally valid theory that Economics has always had. The latter means that DSGE modeling has landed not without loss of generality.", "Estimating the covariance structure of financial assets typically relies on historical returns, making risk models dependent on noisy and asset-specific time series. We propose the Characteristic-Driven Dynamic Factor Model (CD-DFM), a non-linear latent factor model that instead constructs a representation of the asset cross-section directly from observable firm characteristics, primarily company fundamentals. The learned latent space jointly determines interpretable factor exposures and a forward covariance estimator, and is trained end to end on an objective that combines a Stein covariance loss with a factor reconstruction term, targeting the out-of-sample second moments used in risk management. Because the latent representation, i.e. the encoder depends only on characteristics, previously unseen assets can be embedded at inference time without retraining. Experiments on S&P 500 equities show that CD-DFM produces economically structured latent representations, interpretable factor portfolios, and competitive covariance forecasts despite relying on substantially lower-frequency information than return-based approaches. Among the benchmarked methods, it is the only model that simultaneously combines characteristic-driven representations, factor interpretability, competitive covariance calibration, and zero-shot onboarding of unseen assets."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_finance_1468194e4679", "question": {"delta_files": ["2f7476676a8a36da.pdf", "a894b2b1e4115592.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/2f7476676a8a36da.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/a894b2b1e4115592.txt"], "object": "26bb2244b06c39c6.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"26bb2244b06c39c6.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "26bb2244b06c39c6"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Fish stock assessment often involves manual fish counting by taxonomy specialists, which is both time-consuming and costly. We propose an automated computer vision system that performs both taxonomic classification and fish size estimation from images taken with a low-cost digital camera. The system first performs object detection and segmentation using a Mask R-CNN to identify individual fish from images containing multiple fish, possibly consisting of different species. Then each fish species is classified and the predicted length using separate machine learning models. These models are trained on a dataset of 50,000 hand-annotated images containing 163 different fish species, ranging in length from 10cm to 250cm. Evaluated on held-out test data, our system achieves a $92\\%$ intersection over union on the fish segmentation task, a $89\\%$ top-1 classification accuracy on single fish species classification, and a $2.3$~cm mean error on the fish length estimation task.", "B": "Fish stock assessment often involves manual fish counting by taxonomy specialists, which is both time-consuming and costly. We propose FishNet, an automated computer vision system for both taxonomic classification and fish size estimation from images captured with a low-cost digital camera. The system first performs object detection and segmentation using a Mask R-CNN to identify individual fish from images containing multiple fish, possibly consisting of different species. Then each fish species is classified and the length is predicted using separate machine learning models. To develop the model, we use a dataset of 300,000 hand-labeled images containing 1.2M fish of 163 different species and ranging in length from 10cm to 250cm, with additional annotations and quality control methods used to curate high-quality training data. On held-out test data sets, our system achieves a 92% intersection over union on the fish segmentation task, a 89% top-1 classification accuracy on single fish species classification, and a 2.3cm mean absolute error on the fish length estimation task."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["9741b249cb128563.pdf", "5177440d48b4207a.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/9741b249cb128563.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/5177440d48b4207a.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "0b1f4ffd18f22f7d", "gold_index": {"A": 3, "B": 1}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["We study the production, entry, and technological decisions of firms in the presence of bribery. We find that bribery can be justified even in the absence of bureaucratic inefficiencies. We document substantial technology-specific heterogeneity in bribery in 148 countries and incorporate it into a general equilibrium model, where firms use capital-intensive or labor-intensive technology. When bribery more heavily affects less efficient labor-intensive firms, resources move toward more efficient capital-intensive firms, resulting in higher capital accumulation and aggregate output. In poorer countries, the elimination of bribery only for capital-intensive firms increases the capital stock by 18.7% more and the aggregate output by 3.4% more than the complete elimination of bribery. In wealthier countries, the elimination of bribery only for capital-intensive firms increases the capital stock by 44.4% more and the aggregate output by 15.4% more than the complete elimination of bribery. Our findings challenge the established view of bribery as uniformly harmful.", "Fish stock assessment often involves manual fish counting by taxonomy specialists, which is both time-consuming and costly. We propose FishNet, an automated computer vision system for both taxonomic classification and fish size estimation from images captured with a low-cost digital camera. The system first performs object detection and segmentation using a Mask R-CNN to identify individual fish from images containing multiple fish, possibly consisting of different species. Then each fish species is classified and the length is predicted using separate machine learning models. To develop the model, we use a dataset of 300,000 hand-labeled images containing 1.2M fish of 163 different species and ranging in length from 10cm to 250cm, with additional annotations and quality control methods used to curate high-quality training data. On held-out test data sets, our system achieves a 92% intersection over union on the fish segmentation task, a 89% top-1 classification accuracy on single fish species classification, and a 2.3cm mean absolute error on the fish length estimation task.", "Statistical significance measures the reliability of a result obtained from a random experiment. We investigate the number of repetitions needed for a statistical result to have a certain significance. In the first step, we consider binomially distributed variables in the example of medication testing with fixed placebo efficacy, asking how many experiments are needed in order to achieve a significance of 95 %. In the next step, we take the probability distribution of the placebo efficacy into account, which to the best of our knowledge has not been done so far. Depending on the specifics, we show that in order to obtain identical significance, it may be necessary to perform twice as many experiments than in a setting where the placebo distribution is neglected. We proceed by considering more general probability distributions and close with comments on some erroneous assumptions on probability distributions which lead, for instance, to a trivial explanation of the fat tail.", "Fish stock assessment often involves manual fish counting by taxonomy specialists, which is both time-consuming and costly. We propose an automated computer vision system that performs both taxonomic classification and fish size estimation from images taken with a low-cost digital camera. The system first performs object detection and segmentation using a Mask R-CNN to identify individual fish from images containing multiple fish, possibly consisting of different species. Then each fish species is classified and the predicted length using separate machine learning models. These models are trained on a dataset of 50,000 hand-annotated images containing 163 different fish species, ranging in length from 10cm to 250cm. Evaluated on held-out test data, our system achieves a $92\\%$ intersection over union on the fish segmentation task, a $89\\%$ top-1 classification accuracy on single fish species classification, and a $2.3$~cm mean error on the fish length estimation task."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_finance_9bafda606a21", "question": {"delta_files": ["9741b249cb128563.pdf", "5177440d48b4207a.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/9741b249cb128563.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/5177440d48b4207a.txt"], "object": "0b1f4ffd18f22f7d.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"0b1f4ffd18f22f7d.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "0b1f4ffd18f22f7d"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Heterogeneity in Sectoral Production and the Macro Effect of Sectoral Shocks", "B": "Sector-Specific Substitution and the Effect of Sectoral Shocks"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["8486873e607bb342.pdf", "52eab2e0c7ca9255.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/8486873e607bb342.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/52eab2e0c7ca9255.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "7abed3559ff1ab31", "gold_index": {"A": 0, "B": 2}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Heterogeneity in Sectoral Production and the Macro Effect of Sectoral Shocks", "ForesightFlow: An Information Leakage Score Framework for Prediction Markets", "Sector-Specific Substitution and the Effect of Sectoral Shocks", "Endogenous Persistence at the Effective Lower Bound"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_finance_0f5d24ee943d", "question": {"delta_files": ["8486873e607bb342.pdf", "52eab2e0c7ca9255.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/8486873e607bb342.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/52eab2e0c7ca9255.txt"], "object": "7abed3559ff1ab31.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"7abed3559ff1ab31.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_title", "unit": "7abed3559ff1ab31"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Hong Yuan; Minda Ma; Nan Zhou; Zhili Ma", "B": "Hong Yuan; Minda Ma; Nan Zhou; Zhili Ma; Chunbo Zhang"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["506d8b5cd6b8fe9b.pdf", "d758262c208c8ac4.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/506d8b5cd6b8fe9b.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/d758262c208c8ac4.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "2c0e55ee68df4d16", "gold_index": {"A": 3, "B": 1}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Alejandra Mira; Matthew Bone; Fabian Stephany", "Hong Yuan; Minda Ma; Nan Zhou; Zhili Ma; Chunbo Zhang", "Lizhong Zhang; Junqi Liu; Jianxiao Wang; Lei Zhu", "Hong Yuan; Minda Ma; Nan Zhou; Zhili Ma"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_finance_20b3c6af2293", "question": {"delta_files": ["506d8b5cd6b8fe9b.pdf", "d758262c208c8ac4.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/506d8b5cd6b8fe9b.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/d758262c208c8ac4.txt"], "object": "2c0e55ee68df4d16.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the author list of the PDF document \"2c0e55ee68df4d16.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_author_list", "unit": "2c0e55ee68df4d16"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be persuasive across a variety of contexts. But it remains unclear whether this persuasive power advantages truth over falsehood, or if LLMs can promote misbeliefs just as easily as refuting them. Here, we investigate this question across three pre-registered experiments in which participants (N = 2,724 Americans) discussed a conspiracy theory they were uncertain about with GPT-4o, and the model was instructed to either argue against (\"debunking\") or for (\"bunking\") that conspiracy. When using a \"jailbroken\" GPT-4o variant with guardrails removed, the AI was as effective at increasing conspiracy belief as decreasing it. Concerningly, the bunking AI was rated more positively, and increased trust in AI, more than the debunking AI. Surprisingly, we found that using standard GPT-4o produced very similar effects, such that the guardrails imposed by OpenAI did little to prevent the LLM from promoting conspiracy beliefs. Encouragingly, however, a corrective conversation reversed these newly induced conspiracy beliefs, and simply prompting GPT-4o to only use accurate information dramatically reduced its ability to increase conspiracy beliefs. Our findings demonstrate that LLMs possess potent abilities to promote both truth and falsehood, but that potential solutions may exist to help mitigate this risk.", "B": "Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be persuasive across a variety of contexts. But it remains unclear whether this persuasive power advantages accuracy, or if bad actors can just as easily use LLMs to promote misbeliefs. Here, we investigate this question across four experiments in which participants (N = 3996 Americans) discussed a conspiracy theory they were uncertain about with an LLM we instructed to either argue against (\"debunking\") or for (\"bunking\") that conspiracy. Across several frontier models (with standard guardrails but prompted to allow lying), we did not find consistent evidence of a truth advantage: the LLMs were able to both substantially increase and decrease average conspiracy belief, and participants in the bunking condition rated the LLM as more informative and collaborative, and reported greater trust in AI, than those who were in the debunking condition. More encouragingly, however, debunking induced more large changes in belief, and subsequent corrections were able to reverse the bunking effect. Furthermore, simply prompting the model to only provide accurate information dramatically reduced bunking effectiveness, and one powerful frontier model (GPT 5.2) almost entirely refused to promote conspiracies, suggesting that it is possible for the right guardrails to favor accurate beliefs. Finally, we did find a stark truth asymmetry in the context of information sharing: debunking had a large positive impact on mock social media posts composed by participants, while bunking had little effect. Overall, our findings show that people are not inherently less susceptible to AI that misleads than to AI that informs, but that potential technical solutions exist to mitigate this risk."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["3bce7f5b8a010f96.pdf", "980c5512496360b6.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/3bce7f5b8a010f96.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/980c5512496360b6.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "bc21010f3559b3cb", "gold_index": {"A": 1, "B": 3}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["This paper develops a theoretical mesoscopic model of the limit order book driven by multivariate Hawkes processes, designed to capture temporal self-excitation and the spatial propagation of order flow across price levels. In contrast to classical zero-intelligence or Poisson based queueing models, the proposed framework introduces mathematically defined migration events between neighbouring price levels, whose intensities are themselves governed by the underlying Hawkes structure. This provides a principled stochastic mechanism for modeling interactions between order arrivals, cancellations, and liquidity movement across adjacent queues. Starting from a microscopic specification of Hawkes driven order flow, we derive a diffusion approximation which yields a reflected mesoscopic stochastic differential equation (SDE) system for queue volumes. The limiting generator is obtained through a Taylor expansion of the microscopic generator, demonstrating how temporal excitation together with spatial migration determine the drift and diffusion structure of the limit order book in the mesoscopic regime. The resulting model extends existing diffusion limits by incorporating correlated excitations and price level to price level liquidity movement within a unified Hawkes based formulation. By establishing this diffusive limit, the paper provides a mathematically consistent bridge between high frequency event based models and macroscopic stochastic descriptions of market microstructure. The work is entirely theoretical and lays a foundation for future analytical and numerical developments without relying on empirical calibration.", "Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be persuasive across a variety of contexts. But it remains unclear whether this persuasive power advantages truth over falsehood, or if LLMs can promote misbeliefs just as easily as refuting them. Here, we investigate this question across three pre-registered experiments in which participants (N = 2,724 Americans) discussed a conspiracy theory they were uncertain about with GPT-4o, and the model was instructed to either argue against (\"debunking\") or for (\"bunking\") that conspiracy. When using a \"jailbroken\" GPT-4o variant with guardrails removed, the AI was as effective at increasing conspiracy belief as decreasing it. Concerningly, the bunking AI was rated more positively, and increased trust in AI, more than the debunking AI. Surprisingly, we found that using standard GPT-4o produced very similar effects, such that the guardrails imposed by OpenAI did little to prevent the LLM from promoting conspiracy beliefs. Encouragingly, however, a corrective conversation reversed these newly induced conspiracy beliefs, and simply prompting GPT-4o to only use accurate information dramatically reduced its ability to increase conspiracy beliefs. Our findings demonstrate that LLMs possess potent abilities to promote both truth and falsehood, but that potential solutions may exist to help mitigate this risk.", "InvestESG is a novel multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) benchmark designed to study the impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) disclosure mandates on corporate climate investments. Supported by both PyTorch and JAX implementation, the benchmark models an intertemporal social dilemma where companies balance short-term profit losses from climate mitigation efforts and long-term benefits from reducing climate risk, while ESG-conscious investors attempt to influence corporate behavior through their investment decisions, in a scalable and hardware-accelerated manner. Companies allocate capital across mitigation, greenwashing, and resilience, with varying strategies influencing climate outcomes and investor preferences. Our experiments show that without ESG-conscious investors with sufficient capital, corporate mitigation efforts remain limited under the disclosure mandate. However, when a critical mass of investors prioritizes ESG, corporate cooperation increases, which in turn reduces climate risks and enhances long-term financial stability. Additionally, providing more information about global climate risks encourages companies to invest more in mitigation, even without investor involvement. Our findings align with empirical research using real-world data, highlighting MARL's potential to inform policy by providing insights into large-scale socio-economic challenges through efficient testing of alternative policy and market designs.", "Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be persuasive across a variety of contexts. But it remains unclear whether this persuasive power advantages accuracy, or if bad actors can just as easily use LLMs to promote misbeliefs. Here, we investigate this question across four experiments in which participants (N = 3996 Americans) discussed a conspiracy theory they were uncertain about with an LLM we instructed to either argue against (\"debunking\") or for (\"bunking\") that conspiracy. Across several frontier models (with standard guardrails but prompted to allow lying), we did not find consistent evidence of a truth advantage: the LLMs were able to both substantially increase and decrease average conspiracy belief, and participants in the bunking condition rated the LLM as more informative and collaborative, and reported greater trust in AI, than those who were in the debunking condition. More encouragingly, however, debunking induced more large changes in belief, and subsequent corrections were able to reverse the bunking effect. Furthermore, simply prompting the model to only provide accurate information dramatically reduced bunking effectiveness, and one powerful frontier model (GPT 5.2) almost entirely refused to promote conspiracies, suggesting that it is possible for the right guardrails to favor accurate beliefs. Finally, we did find a stark truth asymmetry in the context of information sharing: debunking had a large positive impact on mock social media posts composed by participants, while bunking had little effect. Overall, our findings show that people are not inherently less susceptible to AI that misleads than to AI that informs, but that potential technical solutions exist to mitigate this risk."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_finance_453a2b721fd2", "question": {"delta_files": ["3bce7f5b8a010f96.pdf", "980c5512496360b6.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/3bce7f5b8a010f96.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/980c5512496360b6.txt"], "object": "bc21010f3559b3cb.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"bc21010f3559b3cb.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "bc21010f3559b3cb"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Order flow modeling stands as the most fundamental and essential financial task, as orders embody the minimal unit within a financial market. However, current approaches often result in unsatisfactory fidelity in generating order flow, and their generation lacks controllability, thereby limiting their application scenario. In this paper, we advocate incorporating controllability into the market generation process, and propose a Diffusion Guided meta Agent(DiGA) model to address the problem. Specifically, we utilize a diffusion model to capture dynamics of market state represented by time-evolving distribution parameters about mid-price return rate and order arrival rate, and define a meta agent with financial economic priors to generate orders from the corresponding distributions. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our method exhibits outstanding controllability and fidelity in generation. Furthermore, we validate DiGA's effectiveness as generative environment for downstream financial applications.", "B": "Generative modeling has transformed many fields, such as language and visual modeling, while its application in financial markets remains under-explored. As the minimal unit within a financial market is an order, order-flow modeling represents a fundamental generative financial task. However, current approaches often yield unsatisfactory fidelity in generating order flow, and their generation lacks controllability, thereby limiting their practical applications. In this paper, we formulate the challenge of controllable financial market generation, and propose a Diffusion Guided Meta Agent (DigMA) model to address it. Specifically, we employ a conditional diffusion model to capture the dynamics of the market state represented by time-evolving distribution parameters of the mid-price return rate and the order arrival rate, and we define a meta agent with financial economic priors to generate orders from the corresponding distributions. Extensive experimental results show that DigMA achieves superior controllability and generation fidelity. Moreover, we validate its effectiveness as a generative environment for downstream high-frequency trading tasks and its computational efficiency."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["0ca5e6244f33b283.pdf", "7215337ba42d93d7.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/0ca5e6244f33b283.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/7215337ba42d93d7.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "3b7d078fc06c35aa", "gold_index": {"A": 0, "B": 3}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Order flow modeling stands as the most fundamental and essential financial task, as orders embody the minimal unit within a financial market. However, current approaches often result in unsatisfactory fidelity in generating order flow, and their generation lacks controllability, thereby limiting their application scenario. In this paper, we advocate incorporating controllability into the market generation process, and propose a Diffusion Guided meta Agent(DiGA) model to address the problem. Specifically, we utilize a diffusion model to capture dynamics of market state represented by time-evolving distribution parameters about mid-price return rate and order arrival rate, and define a meta agent with financial economic priors to generate orders from the corresponding distributions. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our method exhibits outstanding controllability and fidelity in generation. Furthermore, we validate DiGA's effectiveness as generative environment for downstream financial applications.", "Four radical ideas are presented. First, that the rationale for cancellation of principal can be modified in modern banking. Second, that non-cancellation of loan principal upon payment may cure an old problem of maintenance of positive equity in the non-governmental sector. Third and fourth, that crediting this money to local/state government, and crediting to at-risk loans that create new utility value, creates an additional virtuous monetary circuit that ties finances of government directly to commercial activity. Taking these steps can cure a problem I have identified with modern monetary theory, which is that breaking the monetary circuit of taxation in the minds of politicians will free them from centuries of restraint, optimizing their opportunities for implementing tyranny. It maintains and strengthens the current circuit, creating a new, more direct monetary circuit that in some respects combats inequality.", "Reliable financial reasoning requires knowing not only how to answer, but also when an answer cannot be justified. In real financial practice, problems often rely on implicit assumptions that are taken for granted rather than stated explicitly, causing problems to appear solvable while lacking enough information for a definite answer. We introduce REALFIN, a bilingual benchmark that evaluates financial reasoning by systematically removing essential premises from exam-style questions while keeping them linguistically plausible. Based on this, we evaluate models under three formulations that test answering, recognizing missing information, and rejecting unjustified options, and find consistent performance drops when key conditions are absent. General-purpose models tend to over-commit and guess, while most finance-specialized models fail to clearly identify missing premises. These results highlight a critical gap in current evaluations and show that reliable financial models must know when a question should not be answered.", "Generative modeling has transformed many fields, such as language and visual modeling, while its application in financial markets remains under-explored. As the minimal unit within a financial market is an order, order-flow modeling represents a fundamental generative financial task. However, current approaches often yield unsatisfactory fidelity in generating order flow, and their generation lacks controllability, thereby limiting their practical applications. In this paper, we formulate the challenge of controllable financial market generation, and propose a Diffusion Guided Meta Agent (DigMA) model to address it. Specifically, we employ a conditional diffusion model to capture the dynamics of the market state represented by time-evolving distribution parameters of the mid-price return rate and the order arrival rate, and we define a meta agent with financial economic priors to generate orders from the corresponding distributions. Extensive experimental results show that DigMA achieves superior controllability and generation fidelity. Moreover, we validate its effectiveness as a generative environment for downstream high-frequency trading tasks and its computational efficiency."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_finance_fc5ef2a68c60", "question": {"delta_files": ["0ca5e6244f33b283.pdf", "7215337ba42d93d7.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/0ca5e6244f33b283.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/7215337ba42d93d7.txt"], "object": "3b7d078fc06c35aa.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"3b7d078fc06c35aa.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "3b7d078fc06c35aa"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Order placement tactics play a crucial role in high-frequency trading algorithms and their design is based on understanding the dynamics of the order book. Using high quality high-frequency data and survival analysis, we exhibit strong state dependence properties of the fill probability function. We define a set of microstructure features and train a multi-layer perceptron to infer the fill probability function. A weighting method is applied to the loss function such that the model learns from censored data. By comparing numerical results obtained on both digital asset centralized exchanges (CEXs) and stock markets, we are able to analyze dissimilarities between the fill probability of small tick crypto pairs and large tick assets -- large, relative to cryptos. The practical use of this model is illustrated with a fixed time horizon execution problem in which both the decision to post a limit order or to immediately execute and the optimal distance of placement are characterized. We discuss the importance of accurately estimating the clean-up cost that occurs in the case of a non-execution and we show it can be well approximated by a smooth function of market features. We finally assess the performance of our model with a backtesting approach that avoids the insertion of hypothetical orders and makes possible to test the order placement algorithm with orders that realistically impact the price formation process.", "B": "Order placement tactics play a crucial role in high-frequency trading algorithms and their design is based on understanding the dynamics of the order book. Using high quality high-frequency data and a set of microstructural features, we exhibit strong state dependence properties of the fill probability function. We train a neural network to infer the fill probability function for a fixed horizon. Since we aim at providing a high-frequency execution framework, we use a simple architecture. A weighting method is applied to the loss function such that the model learns from censored data. By comparing numerical results obtained on both digital asset centralized exchanges (CEXs) and stock markets, we are able to analyze dissimilarities between feature importances of the fill probability of small tick crypto pairs and Euronext equities. The practical use of this model is illustrated with a fixed time horizon execution problem in which both the decision to post a limit order or to immediately execute and the optimal distance of placement are characterized. We discuss the importance of accurately estimating the clean-up cost that occurs in the case of a non-execution and we show it can be well approximated by a smooth function of market features. We finally assess the performance of our model with a backtesting approach that avoids the insertion of hypothetical orders and makes possible to test the order placement algorithm with orders that realistically impact the price formation process."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["675aec4aa2f0b0c8.pdf", "d3238bdadc6947bd.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/675aec4aa2f0b0c8.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/d3238bdadc6947bd.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "57e179ade82605cc", "gold_index": {"A": 2, "B": 0}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Order placement tactics play a crucial role in high-frequency trading algorithms and their design is based on understanding the dynamics of the order book. Using high quality high-frequency data and a set of microstructural features, we exhibit strong state dependence properties of the fill probability function. We train a neural network to infer the fill probability function for a fixed horizon. Since we aim at providing a high-frequency execution framework, we use a simple architecture. A weighting method is applied to the loss function such that the model learns from censored data. By comparing numerical results obtained on both digital asset centralized exchanges (CEXs) and stock markets, we are able to analyze dissimilarities between feature importances of the fill probability of small tick crypto pairs and Euronext equities. The practical use of this model is illustrated with a fixed time horizon execution problem in which both the decision to post a limit order or to immediately execute and the optimal distance of placement are characterized. We discuss the importance of accurately estimating the clean-up cost that occurs in the case of a non-execution and we show it can be well approximated by a smooth function of market features. We finally assess the performance of our model with a backtesting approach that avoids the insertion of hypothetical orders and makes possible to test the order placement algorithm with orders that realistically impact the price formation process.", "InvestESG is a novel multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) benchmark designed to study the impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) disclosure mandates on corporate climate investments. Supported by both PyTorch and JAX implementation, the benchmark models an intertemporal social dilemma where companies balance short-term profit losses from climate mitigation efforts and long-term benefits from reducing climate risk, while ESG-conscious investors attempt to influence corporate behavior through their investment decisions, in a scalable and hardware-accelerated manner. Companies allocate capital across mitigation, greenwashing, and resilience, with varying strategies influencing climate outcomes and investor preferences. Our experiments show that without ESG-conscious investors with sufficient capital, corporate mitigation efforts remain limited under the disclosure mandate. However, when a critical mass of investors prioritizes ESG, corporate cooperation increases, which in turn reduces climate risks and enhances long-term financial stability. Additionally, providing more information about global climate risks encourages companies to invest more in mitigation, even without investor involvement. Our findings align with empirical research using real-world data, highlighting MARL's potential to inform policy by providing insights into large-scale socio-economic challenges through efficient testing of alternative policy and market designs.", "Order placement tactics play a crucial role in high-frequency trading algorithms and their design is based on understanding the dynamics of the order book. Using high quality high-frequency data and survival analysis, we exhibit strong state dependence properties of the fill probability function. We define a set of microstructure features and train a multi-layer perceptron to infer the fill probability function. A weighting method is applied to the loss function such that the model learns from censored data. By comparing numerical results obtained on both digital asset centralized exchanges (CEXs) and stock markets, we are able to analyze dissimilarities between the fill probability of small tick crypto pairs and large tick assets -- large, relative to cryptos. The practical use of this model is illustrated with a fixed time horizon execution problem in which both the decision to post a limit order or to immediately execute and the optimal distance of placement are characterized. We discuss the importance of accurately estimating the clean-up cost that occurs in the case of a non-execution and we show it can be well approximated by a smooth function of market features. We finally assess the performance of our model with a backtesting approach that avoids the insertion of hypothetical orders and makes possible to test the order placement algorithm with orders that realistically impact the price formation process.", "This paper introduces a novel stochastic control framework to enhance the capabilities of automated investment managers, or robo-advisors, by accurately inferring clients' investment preferences from past activities. Our approach leverages a continuous-time model that incorporates utility functions and a generic discounting scheme of a time-varying rate, tailored to each client's risk tolerance, valuation of daily consumption, and significant life goals. We address the resulting time inconsistency issue through state augmentation and the establishment of the dynamic programming principle and the verification theorem. Additionally, we provide sufficient conditions for the identifiability of client investment preferences. To complement our theoretical developments, we propose a learning algorithm based on maximum likelihood estimation within a discrete-time Markov Decision Process framework, augmented with entropy regularization. We prove that the log-likelihood function is locally concave, facilitating the fast convergence of our proposed algorithm. Practical effectiveness and efficiency are showcased through two numerical examples, including Merton's problem and an investment problem with unhedgeable risks. Our proposed framework not only advances financial technology by improving personalized investment advice but also contributes broadly to other fields such as healthcare, economics, and artificial intelligence, where understanding individual preferences is crucial."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_finance_f99c064d1079", "question": {"delta_files": ["675aec4aa2f0b0c8.pdf", "d3238bdadc6947bd.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/675aec4aa2f0b0c8.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/d3238bdadc6947bd.txt"], "object": "57e179ade82605cc.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"57e179ade82605cc.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "57e179ade82605cc"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Renewable Energy Integration Strategies: A Transmission Operator's Perspective", "B": "Renewable Energy Expansion under Taxes and Subsidies: A Transmission Operator's Perspective"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["4db0d04a309adccc.pdf", "c013bd36dd29f7d8.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/4db0d04a309adccc.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/c013bd36dd29f7d8.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "4d116f0fbf3e43b1", "gold_index": {"A": 1, "B": 0}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Renewable Energy Expansion under Taxes and Subsidies: A Transmission Operator's Perspective", "Renewable Energy Integration Strategies: A Transmission Operator's Perspective", "Deep Generative Models for Synthetic Financial Data: Applications to Portfolio and Risk Modeling", "Friends, Key Players and the Adoption and Use of Experience Goods"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_finance_9b054becf92f", "question": {"delta_files": ["4db0d04a309adccc.pdf", "c013bd36dd29f7d8.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/4db0d04a309adccc.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/c013bd36dd29f7d8.txt"], "object": "4d116f0fbf3e43b1.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"4d116f0fbf3e43b1.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_title", "unit": "4d116f0fbf3e43b1"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Risk Measures, Systemic Risk, and Default Cascades in Global Equity Markets: A Gai-Kapadia Approach with Stochastic Simulations", "B": "Systemic Risk and Default Cascades in Global Equity Markets: Extending the Gai-Kapadia Framework with Stochastic Simulations and Network Analysis"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["195d6c7286297000.pdf", "349e1a3959667a2d.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/195d6c7286297000.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/349e1a3959667a2d.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "22cc6337f63235fd", "gold_index": {"A": 3, "B": 0}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Systemic Risk and Default Cascades in Global Equity Markets: Extending the Gai-Kapadia Framework with Stochastic Simulations and Network Analysis", "The Distributional Impact of Price Inflation in Pakistan: A Case Study of a New Price Focused Microsimulation Framework, PRICES", "Equilibrium Liquidity and Risk Offsetting in Decentralised Markets", "Risk Measures, Systemic Risk, and Default Cascades in Global Equity Markets: A Gai-Kapadia Approach with Stochastic Simulations"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_finance_03aad616dbc8", "question": {"delta_files": ["195d6c7286297000.pdf", "349e1a3959667a2d.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/195d6c7286297000.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/349e1a3959667a2d.txt"], "object": "22cc6337f63235fd.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"22cc6337f63235fd.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_title", "unit": "22cc6337f63235fd"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Sheryl Chen; Tony Wang; Kyle Feinstein", "B": "Tony Wang; Kyle Feinstein; Sheryl Chen"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["ed5374917f67e4ec.pdf", "2f3fcb9c4bb87336.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/ed5374917f67e4ec.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/2f3fcb9c4bb87336.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "3d17a4729330e7d3", "gold_index": {"A": 0, "B": 1}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Sheryl Chen; Tony Wang; Kyle Feinstein", "Tony Wang; Kyle Feinstein; Sheryl Chen", "A. H. Nzokem", "Agustín Muñoz González; Juan I. Sequeira y Ariel Dembling"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_finance_7a4a54eb0521", "question": {"delta_files": ["ed5374917f67e4ec.pdf", "2f3fcb9c4bb87336.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/ed5374917f67e4ec.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/2f3fcb9c4bb87336.txt"], "object": "3d17a4729330e7d3.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "Who is on the author list of the PDF document \"3d17a4729330e7d3.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_author_list", "unit": "3d17a4729330e7d3"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Tackling the Problem of State Dependent Execution Probability: Empirical Evidence and Order Placement", "B": "Interpretable ML for High-Frequency Execution"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["675aec4aa2f0b0c8.pdf", "d3238bdadc6947bd.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/675aec4aa2f0b0c8.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/d3238bdadc6947bd.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "57e179ade82605cc", "gold_index": {"A": 3, "B": 2}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Reinforcement Learning for Monetary Policy Under Macroeconomic Uncertainty: Analyzing Tabular and Function Approximation Methods", "Mobility and Mobility Measures", "Interpretable ML for High-Frequency Execution", "Tackling the Problem of State Dependent Execution Probability: Empirical Evidence and Order Placement"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_finance_17cb210b813c", "question": {"delta_files": ["675aec4aa2f0b0c8.pdf", "d3238bdadc6947bd.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/675aec4aa2f0b0c8.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/d3238bdadc6947bd.txt"], "object": "57e179ade82605cc.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document 57e179ade82605cc.pdf?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_title", "unit": "57e179ade82605cc"}
+{"answer": {"A": "The Distributional Impact of Price Inflation in Pakistan: A Case Study of a New Price Focused Microsimulation Framework, PRICES", "B": "The Distributional Impact of Inflation in Pakistan: A Case Study of a New Price Focused Microsimulation Framework, PRICES"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["97c030c1b09e5c54.pdf", "c18bfa170e3650ad.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/97c030c1b09e5c54.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/c18bfa170e3650ad.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "7ab09714f661303a", "gold_index": {"A": 2, "B": 1}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["TT-DAC-PS: Twin-Target Deterministic Actor-Critic with Policy Smoothing for Optimal Trade Execution", "The Distributional Impact of Inflation in Pakistan: A Case Study of a New Price Focused Microsimulation Framework, PRICES", "The Distributional Impact of Price Inflation in Pakistan: A Case Study of a New Price Focused Microsimulation Framework, PRICES", "Reinforcement Learning for Monetary Policy Under Macroeconomic Uncertainty: Analyzing Tabular and Function Approximation Methods"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_finance_6bdd74fcf27d", "question": {"delta_files": ["97c030c1b09e5c54.pdf", "c18bfa170e3650ad.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/97c030c1b09e5c54.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/c18bfa170e3650ad.txt"], "object": "7ab09714f661303a.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"7ab09714f661303a.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_title", "unit": "7ab09714f661303a"}
+{"answer": {"A": "This paper aims to investigate the role of a transmission system operator within a carbon footprint reduction strategy incorporating carbon taxes and renewable generation subsidies in the decentralised energy market. Moreover, this manuscript offers insights into the influence of various compositions of aforementioned policies on generation mix and social welfare. For that, we employ an optimisation bi-level model in which a welfare-maximizing transmission system operator makes investments in transmission lines at the upper level while considering power market dynamics at the lower level. To account for the deregulated energy market structure, we assume that the generation companies at the lower level make capacity investments as price-takers in perfect competition. Considering alternative transmission infrastructure expansion budgets, carbon emission taxes and monetary incentives for renewable generation capacity expansion, we study how alternative compositions of these factors affect three output factors: the share of renewable generation in the generation mix, total generation amount, and social welfare. We apply the proposed modelling assessment to an illustrative three-node instance and a case study considering a simplified representation of the energy system of the Nordic and Baltic countries. The findings of this study can serve as an additional reference for policymakers seeking to simultaneously increase the proportion of renewable energy generation and total generation amount to meet increasing demand.", "B": "This paper investigates the role of a transmission system operator within a carbon footprint reduction strategy incorporating carbon taxes and renewable energy generation subsidies in the decentralised energy market. This is achieved via an optimisation bi-level model in which a welfare-maximizing transmission system operator makes investments in transmission lines at the upper level while considering power market dynamics at the lower level. To account for the deregulated energy market structure, this paper assumes that the generation companies at the lower level make capacity investments as price-takers in perfect competition. Considering alternative transmission infrastructure expansion budgets, carbon emission taxes and monetary incentives for renewable energy generation capacity expansion, the impact of alternative compositions of these factors is analysed against three output factors: the share of renewable energy in the generation mix, total generation amount, and social welfare. The proposed modelling assessment is applied to an illustrative three-node instance and a case study considering a simplified representation of the energy system of the Nordic and Baltic countries. The results highlight that, under certain circumstances, renewable energy generation subsidies may lead to an increase of renewable energy in the generation mix followed by a simultaneous fall in the total generation amount. Nevertheless, when applied together, these three measures demonstrated a positive impact on all output factors within Nordics' and Baltics' energy systems. The experiments additionally suggest that considering the high value of the carbon tax does not have an impact on the output factors while the composition of high values of renewable energy generation subsidies and budget for transmission infrastructure expansion has the strongest effect."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["4db0d04a309adccc.pdf", "c013bd36dd29f7d8.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/4db0d04a309adccc.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/c013bd36dd29f7d8.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "4d116f0fbf3e43b1", "gold_index": {"A": 1, "B": 3}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["The integration of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) into economic production represents a transformative shift with profound implications for labor markets, income distribution, and technological growth. This study extends the Constant Elasticity of Substitution (CES) production function to incorporate AGI-driven labor and capital alongside traditional inputs, providing a comprehensive framework for analyzing AGI's economic impact. Four key models emerge from this framework. First, we examine the substitution and complementarity between AGI labor and human labor, identifying conditions under which AGI augments or displaces human workers. Second, we analyze how AGI capital accumulation influences wage structures and income distribution, highlighting potential disruptions to labor-based earnings. Third, we explore long-run equilibrium dynamics, demonstrating how an economy dominated by AGI capital may lead to the collapse of human wages and necessitate redistributive mechanisms. Finally, we assess the impact of AGI on total factor productivity, showing that technological growth depends on whether AGI serves as a complement to or a substitute for human labor. Our findings underscore the urgent need for policy interventions to ensure economic stability and equitable wealth distribution in an AGI-driven economy. Without appropriate regulatory measures, rising inequality and weakened aggregate demand could lead to economic stagnation despite technological advancements. Moreover this research suggests a renegoation of the Social Contract.", "This paper aims to investigate the role of a transmission system operator within a carbon footprint reduction strategy incorporating carbon taxes and renewable generation subsidies in the decentralised energy market. Moreover, this manuscript offers insights into the influence of various compositions of aforementioned policies on generation mix and social welfare. For that, we employ an optimisation bi-level model in which a welfare-maximizing transmission system operator makes investments in transmission lines at the upper level while considering power market dynamics at the lower level. To account for the deregulated energy market structure, we assume that the generation companies at the lower level make capacity investments as price-takers in perfect competition. Considering alternative transmission infrastructure expansion budgets, carbon emission taxes and monetary incentives for renewable generation capacity expansion, we study how alternative compositions of these factors affect three output factors: the share of renewable generation in the generation mix, total generation amount, and social welfare. We apply the proposed modelling assessment to an illustrative three-node instance and a case study considering a simplified representation of the energy system of the Nordic and Baltic countries. The findings of this study can serve as an additional reference for policymakers seeking to simultaneously increase the proportion of renewable energy generation and total generation amount to meet increasing demand.", "Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be persuasive across a variety of contexts. But it remains unclear whether this persuasive power advantages accuracy, or if bad actors can just as easily use LLMs to promote misbeliefs. Here, we investigate this question across four experiments in which participants (N = 3996 Americans) discussed a conspiracy theory they were uncertain about with an LLM we instructed to either argue against (\"debunking\") or for (\"bunking\") that conspiracy. Across several frontier models (with standard guardrails but prompted to allow lying), we did not find consistent evidence of a truth advantage: the LLMs were able to both substantially increase and decrease average conspiracy belief, and participants in the bunking condition rated the LLM as more informative and collaborative, and reported greater trust in AI, than those who were in the debunking condition. More encouragingly, however, debunking induced more large changes in belief, and subsequent corrections were able to reverse the bunking effect. Furthermore, simply prompting the model to only provide accurate information dramatically reduced bunking effectiveness, and one powerful frontier model (GPT 5.2) almost entirely refused to promote conspiracies, suggesting that it is possible for the right guardrails to favor accurate beliefs. Finally, we did find a stark truth asymmetry in the context of information sharing: debunking had a large positive impact on mock social media posts composed by participants, while bunking had little effect. Overall, our findings show that people are not inherently less susceptible to AI that misleads than to AI that informs, but that potential technical solutions exist to mitigate this risk.", "This paper investigates the role of a transmission system operator within a carbon footprint reduction strategy incorporating carbon taxes and renewable energy generation subsidies in the decentralised energy market. This is achieved via an optimisation bi-level model in which a welfare-maximizing transmission system operator makes investments in transmission lines at the upper level while considering power market dynamics at the lower level. To account for the deregulated energy market structure, this paper assumes that the generation companies at the lower level make capacity investments as price-takers in perfect competition. Considering alternative transmission infrastructure expansion budgets, carbon emission taxes and monetary incentives for renewable energy generation capacity expansion, the impact of alternative compositions of these factors is analysed against three output factors: the share of renewable energy in the generation mix, total generation amount, and social welfare. The proposed modelling assessment is applied to an illustrative three-node instance and a case study considering a simplified representation of the energy system of the Nordic and Baltic countries. The results highlight that, under certain circumstances, renewable energy generation subsidies may lead to an increase of renewable energy in the generation mix followed by a simultaneous fall in the total generation amount. Nevertheless, when applied together, these three measures demonstrated a positive impact on all output factors within Nordics' and Baltics' energy systems. The experiments additionally suggest that considering the high value of the carbon tax does not have an impact on the output factors while the composition of high values of renewable energy generation subsidies and budget for transmission infrastructure expansion has the strongest effect."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_finance_ec7ac1ea7f7e", "question": {"delta_files": ["4db0d04a309adccc.pdf", "c013bd36dd29f7d8.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/4db0d04a309adccc.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/c013bd36dd29f7d8.txt"], "object": "4d116f0fbf3e43b1.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"4d116f0fbf3e43b1.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "4d116f0fbf3e43b1"}
+{"answer": {"A": "This paper shows that the bunching of wages at round numbers is partly driven by firm coarse wage-setting. Using data from over 200 million new hires in Brazil, I first establish that contracted salaries tend to cluster at round numbers. Then, I show that firms that tend to hire workers at round-numbered salaries are less sophisticated and have worse market outcomes. Next, I develop a wage-posting model in which optimization costs lead to the adoption of coarse rounded wages and provide evidence supporting two model predictions using two research designs. Finally, I examine some consequences of coarse wage-setting for relevant economic outcomes.", "B": "This paper shows that the bunching of wages at round numbers is partly driven by firm coarse wage-setting. Using data from over 200 million new hires in Brazil, I first establish that contracted salaries tend to cluster at round numbers. Then, I show that firms that tend to hire workers at round-numbered salaries have worse market outcomes. Next, I develop a wage-posting model in which optimization costs lead to the adoption of coarse rounded wages and provide evidence supporting two model predictions using two research designs. Finally, I examine some consequences of coarse wage-setting for relevant economic outcomes."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["c0fef6198b2cf9c7.pdf", "71f1e0cc5138cb5e.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/c0fef6198b2cf9c7.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/71f1e0cc5138cb5e.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "60aca93e98db2a78", "gold_index": {"A": 2, "B": 3}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["This study is the first to analyze the performance of a time-series foundation model for Value-at-Risk (VaR), which essentially forecasts the left-tail quantiles of returns. Foundation models, pre-trained on diverse datasets, can be applied in a zero-shot setting with minimal data or further improved through finetuning. We compare Google's TimesFM model to conventional parametric and non-parametric models, including GARCH and Generalized Autoregressive Score (GAS), using 19 years of daily returns from the S&P 100 index and its constituents. Backtesting with over 8.5 years of out-of-sample data shows that the fine-tuned foundation model consistently outperforms traditional methods in actual-over-expected ratios. For the quantile score loss function, it performs comparably to the best econometric model, GAS. Overall, the foundation model ranks as the best or among the top performers across the 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1 quantile forecasting. Fine-tuning significantly improves accuracy, showing that zero-shot use is not optimal for VaR.", "We introduce ISCOS, a cross-entropy importance-sampling calibration method for rare credit-portfolio losses. We derive Gaussian and Gaussian--inverse-Gamma proposals and analyse the propagation of finite-COS approximation errors to the fitted parameters. Numerical experiments for Gaussian and Student t-copula credit portfolios show the efficiency of this method.", "This paper shows that the bunching of wages at round numbers is partly driven by firm coarse wage-setting. Using data from over 200 million new hires in Brazil, I first establish that contracted salaries tend to cluster at round numbers. Then, I show that firms that tend to hire workers at round-numbered salaries are less sophisticated and have worse market outcomes. Next, I develop a wage-posting model in which optimization costs lead to the adoption of coarse rounded wages and provide evidence supporting two model predictions using two research designs. Finally, I examine some consequences of coarse wage-setting for relevant economic outcomes.", "This paper shows that the bunching of wages at round numbers is partly driven by firm coarse wage-setting. Using data from over 200 million new hires in Brazil, I first establish that contracted salaries tend to cluster at round numbers. Then, I show that firms that tend to hire workers at round-numbered salaries have worse market outcomes. Next, I develop a wage-posting model in which optimization costs lead to the adoption of coarse rounded wages and provide evidence supporting two model predictions using two research designs. Finally, I examine some consequences of coarse wage-setting for relevant economic outcomes."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_finance_e647b2c9d7b4", "question": {"delta_files": ["c0fef6198b2cf9c7.pdf", "71f1e0cc5138cb5e.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/c0fef6198b2cf9c7.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/71f1e0cc5138cb5e.txt"], "object": "60aca93e98db2a78.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"60aca93e98db2a78.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "60aca93e98db2a78"}
+{"answer": {"A": "This study is the first to analyze the performance of a time-series foundation model for Value-at-Risk (VaR), which essentially forecasts the left-tail quantiles of returns. Foundation models, pre-trained on diverse datasets, can be applied in a zero-shot setting with minimal data or further improved through finetuning. We compare Google's TimesFM model to conventional parametric and non-parametric models, including GARCH and Generalized Autoregressive Score (GAS), using 19 years of daily returns from the S&P 100 index and its constituents. Backtesting with over 8.5 years of out-of-sample data shows that the fine-tuned foundation model consistently outperforms traditional methods in actual-over-expected ratios. For the quantile score loss function, it performs comparably to the best econometric model, GAS. Overall, the foundation model ranks as the best or among the top performers across the 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1 quantile forecasting. Fine-tuning significantly improves accuracy, showing that zero-shot use is not optimal for VaR.", "B": "This study is the first to analyze the performance of a time-series foundation AI model for Value-at-Risk (VaR), which essentially forecasts the left-tail quantiles of returns. Foundation models, pre-trained on diverse datasets, can be applied in a zero-shot setting with minimal data or further improved through finetuning. We compare Google's TimesFM model to conventional parametric and non-parametric models, including GARCH and Generalized Autoregressive Score (GAS), using 19 years of daily returns from the SP 100 index and its constituents. Backtesting with over 8.5 years of out-of-sample data shows that the fine-tuned foundation model consistently outperforms traditional methods in actual-over-expected ratios. For the quantile score loss function, it performs comparably to the best econometric model, GAS. Overall, the foundation model ranks as the best or among the top performers across the 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1 quantile forecasting. Fine-tuning significantly improves accuracy, showing that zero-shot use is not optimal for VaR."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["a934c9c5c382eec0.pdf", "b76acf6687348f37.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/a934c9c5c382eec0.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/b76acf6687348f37.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "47943b70adbe0a27", "gold_index": {"A": 1, "B": 2}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["We consider the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) process, a stochastic process widely used in finance, physics, and biology. Parameter estimation of the OU process is a challenging problem. Thus, we review traditional tracking methods and compare them with novel applications of deep learning to estimate the parameters of the OU process. We use a multi-layer perceptron to estimate the parameters of the OU process and compare its performance with traditional parameter estimation methods, such as the Kalman filter and maximum likelihood estimation. We find that the multi-layer perceptron can accurately estimate the parameters of the OU process given a large dataset of observed trajectories; however, traditional parameter estimation methods may be more suitable for smaller datasets.", "This study is the first to analyze the performance of a time-series foundation model for Value-at-Risk (VaR), which essentially forecasts the left-tail quantiles of returns. Foundation models, pre-trained on diverse datasets, can be applied in a zero-shot setting with minimal data or further improved through finetuning. We compare Google's TimesFM model to conventional parametric and non-parametric models, including GARCH and Generalized Autoregressive Score (GAS), using 19 years of daily returns from the S&P 100 index and its constituents. Backtesting with over 8.5 years of out-of-sample data shows that the fine-tuned foundation model consistently outperforms traditional methods in actual-over-expected ratios. For the quantile score loss function, it performs comparably to the best econometric model, GAS. Overall, the foundation model ranks as the best or among the top performers across the 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1 quantile forecasting. Fine-tuning significantly improves accuracy, showing that zero-shot use is not optimal for VaR.", "This study is the first to analyze the performance of a time-series foundation AI model for Value-at-Risk (VaR), which essentially forecasts the left-tail quantiles of returns. Foundation models, pre-trained on diverse datasets, can be applied in a zero-shot setting with minimal data or further improved through finetuning. We compare Google's TimesFM model to conventional parametric and non-parametric models, including GARCH and Generalized Autoregressive Score (GAS), using 19 years of daily returns from the SP 100 index and its constituents. Backtesting with over 8.5 years of out-of-sample data shows that the fine-tuned foundation model consistently outperforms traditional methods in actual-over-expected ratios. For the quantile score loss function, it performs comparably to the best econometric model, GAS. Overall, the foundation model ranks as the best or among the top performers across the 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1 quantile forecasting. Fine-tuning significantly improves accuracy, showing that zero-shot use is not optimal for VaR.", "This paper develops a theoretical mesoscopic model of the limit order book driven by multivariate Hawkes processes, designed to capture temporal self-excitation and the spatial propagation of order flow across price levels. In contrast to classical zero-intelligence or Poisson based queueing models, the proposed framework introduces mathematically defined migration events between neighbouring price levels, whose intensities are themselves governed by the underlying Hawkes structure. This provides a principled stochastic mechanism for modeling interactions between order arrivals, cancellations, and liquidity movement across adjacent queues. Starting from a microscopic specification of Hawkes driven order flow, we derive a diffusion approximation which yields a reflected mesoscopic stochastic differential equation (SDE) system for queue volumes. The limiting generator is obtained through a Taylor expansion of the microscopic generator, demonstrating how temporal excitation together with spatial migration determine the drift and diffusion structure of the limit order book in the mesoscopic regime. The resulting model extends existing diffusion limits by incorporating correlated excitations and price level to price level liquidity movement within a unified Hawkes based formulation. By establishing this diffusive limit, the paper provides a mathematically consistent bridge between high frequency event based models and macroscopic stochastic descriptions of market microstructure. The work is entirely theoretical and lays a foundation for future analytical and numerical developments without relying on empirical calibration."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_finance_26503c1e36e8", "question": {"delta_files": ["a934c9c5c382eec0.pdf", "b76acf6687348f37.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/a934c9c5c382eec0.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/b76acf6687348f37.txt"], "object": "47943b70adbe0a27.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"47943b70adbe0a27.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "47943b70adbe0a27"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Time-Series Foundation Model for Value-at-Risk Forecasting", "B": "Time-Series Foundation AI Model for Value-at-Risk Forecasting"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["a934c9c5c382eec0.pdf", "b76acf6687348f37.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/a934c9c5c382eec0.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/b76acf6687348f37.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "47943b70adbe0a27", "gold_index": {"A": 1, "B": 0}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Time-Series Foundation AI Model for Value-at-Risk Forecasting", "Time-Series Foundation Model for Value-at-Risk Forecasting", "Large language models can effectively convince people to believe conspiracies", "On non-uniqueness in the option valuation problem"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_finance_c315227afca2", "question": {"delta_files": ["a934c9c5c382eec0.pdf", "b76acf6687348f37.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/a934c9c5c382eec0.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/b76acf6687348f37.txt"], "object": "47943b70adbe0a27.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"47943b70adbe0a27.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_title", "unit": "47943b70adbe0a27"}
+{"answer": {"A": "To Make, or to Take, That Is the Question: Impact of LOB Mechanics on Natural Trading Strategies", "B": "The Market Maker's Dilemma: Navigating the Fill Probability vs. Post-Fill Returns Trade-Off"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["d594a87b017ad3d9.pdf", "1cccf58bae2232a5.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/d594a87b017ad3d9.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/1cccf58bae2232a5.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "a54dbf80339fb49d", "gold_index": {"A": 0, "B": 1}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["To Make, or to Take, That Is the Question: Impact of LOB Mechanics on Natural Trading Strategies", "The Market Maker's Dilemma: Navigating the Fill Probability vs. Post-Fill Returns Trade-Off", "Automated Market Makers: A Stochastic Optimization Approach for Profitable Liquidity Concentration", "Bridging Language Models and Financial Analysis"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_finance_072dbbafa9c9", "question": {"delta_files": ["d594a87b017ad3d9.pdf", "1cccf58bae2232a5.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/d594a87b017ad3d9.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/1cccf58bae2232a5.txt"], "object": "a54dbf80339fb49d.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"a54dbf80339fb49d.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_title", "unit": "a54dbf80339fb49d"}
+{"answer": {"A": "We consider the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) process, a stochastic process widely used in finance, physics, and biology. Parameter estimation of the OU process is a challenging problem. Thus, we review traditional tracking methods and compare them with novel applications of deep learning to estimate the parameters of the OU process. We use a multi-layer perceptron to estimate the parameters of the OU process and compare its performance with traditional parameter estimation methods, such as the Kalman filter and maximum likelihood estimation. We find that the multi-layer perceptron can accurately estimate the parameters of the OU process given a large dataset of observed trajectories; however, traditional parameter estimation methods may be more suitable for smaller datasets.", "B": "We consider the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) process, a stochastic process widely used in finance, physics, and biology. Parameter estimation of the OU process is a challenging problem. Thus, we review traditional tracking methods and compare them with novel applications of deep learning to estimate the parameters of the OU process. We use a multi-layer perceptron to estimate the parameters of the OU process and compare its performance with traditional parameter estimation methods, such as the Kalman filter and maximum likelihood estimation. We find that the multi-layer perceptron can accurately estimate the parameters of the OU process given a large dataset of observed trajectories and, on average, outperforms traditional parameter estimation methods."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["e1c2fe8e59f3b36e.pdf", "eab5297ba1762474.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/e1c2fe8e59f3b36e.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/eab5297ba1762474.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "fea0a3824bbd86ba", "gold_index": {"A": 2, "B": 1}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Using data from a live trading experiment on the Binance Bitcoin perpetual, we examine the effects of (i) basic order book mechanics and (ii) the persistence of price changes from immediate to short timescales, revealing the interplay between returns, queue sizes, and orders' queue positions. We document a fundamental trade-off: a negative correlation between maker fill likelihood and post-fill returns. This dictates that viable maker strategies often require a contrarian approach, counter-trading the prevailing order book imbalance. These dynamics render commonly-cited strategies highly unprofitable, leading us to model `Reversals': situations where a contrarian maker strategy at the touch proves effective.", "We consider the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) process, a stochastic process widely used in finance, physics, and biology. Parameter estimation of the OU process is a challenging problem. Thus, we review traditional tracking methods and compare them with novel applications of deep learning to estimate the parameters of the OU process. We use a multi-layer perceptron to estimate the parameters of the OU process and compare its performance with traditional parameter estimation methods, such as the Kalman filter and maximum likelihood estimation. We find that the multi-layer perceptron can accurately estimate the parameters of the OU process given a large dataset of observed trajectories and, on average, outperforms traditional parameter estimation methods.", "We consider the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) process, a stochastic process widely used in finance, physics, and biology. Parameter estimation of the OU process is a challenging problem. Thus, we review traditional tracking methods and compare them with novel applications of deep learning to estimate the parameters of the OU process. We use a multi-layer perceptron to estimate the parameters of the OU process and compare its performance with traditional parameter estimation methods, such as the Kalman filter and maximum likelihood estimation. We find that the multi-layer perceptron can accurately estimate the parameters of the OU process given a large dataset of observed trajectories; however, traditional parameter estimation methods may be more suitable for smaller datasets.", "Significant shifts in the composition of consumer spending as a result of the COVID-19 crisis can complicate the interpretation of official inflation data, which are calculated by the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) based on a fixed basket of goods. We focus on Israel as a country that experienced three lockdowns, additional restrictions that significantly changed consumer behavior, and a successful vaccination campaign that has led to the lifting of most of these restrictions. We use credit card spending data to construct a consumption basket of goods representing the composition of household consumption during the COVID-19 period. We use this synthetic COVID-19 basket to calculate the adjusted inflation rate that should prevail during the pandemic period. We find that the differences between COVID-19-adjusted and CBS (unadjusted) inflation measures are transitory. Only the contribution of certain goods and services, particularly housing and transportation, to inflation changed significantly, especially during the first and second lockdowns. Although lockdowns and restrictions in developed countries created a significant bias in inflation weighting, the inflation bias remained unexpectedly small and transitory during the COVID-19 period in Israel."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_finance_743d0747d921", "question": {"delta_files": ["e1c2fe8e59f3b36e.pdf", "eab5297ba1762474.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/e1c2fe8e59f3b36e.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/eab5297ba1762474.txt"], "object": "fea0a3824bbd86ba.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"fea0a3824bbd86ba.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "fea0a3824bbd86ba"}
+{"answer": {"A": "We develop an economic model of decentralised exchanges (DEXs) in which risk-averse liquidity providers (LPs) manage risk in a centralised exchange (CEX) based on preferences, information, and trading costs. Rational, risk-averse LPs anticipate the frictions associated with replication and manage risk primarily by reducing the reserves supplied to the DEX. Greater aversion reduces the equilibrium viability of liquidity provision, resulting in thinner markets and lower trading volumes. Greater uninformed demand supports deeper liquidity, whereas higher fundamental price volatility erodes it. Finally, while moderate anticipated price changes can improve LP performance, larger changes require more intensive trading in the CEX, generate higher replication costs, and induce LPs to reduce liquidity supply.", "B": "We study the economic viability of liquidity provision in decentralised exchanges (DEXs) within a structural framework in which market outcomes are endogenous. We formulate strategic interactions as a sequential game: a risk-averse liquidity provider (LP) sets the supply of liquidity in the DEX and a costly dynamic replication strategy in a centralised exchange (CEX), price-sensitive traders determine trading volumes, and arbitrageurs align prices. We establish existence of equilibrium under general trading functions. We show that DEX liquidity depth is a central instrument for risk management, because the LP adjusts liquidity ex ante to manage exposure. In addition to the classical trade-off between liquidity demand and adverse selection, we identify two further determinants of the viability of liquidity provision: the ratio of risk aversion to replication costs and private information. The ratio governs the aggressiveness of replication: greater relative risk aversion reduces risk but also lowers equilibrium liquidity and its mean profitability. Private information has a non-monotonic effect. For moderate price movements, speculative benefits increase liquidity. For large price movements, anticipated adverse selection and replication costs lead to thinner markets."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["0549748b714898ba.pdf", "29e8ca559c7bbca6.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/0549748b714898ba.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/29e8ca559c7bbca6.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "c8c132f290a79951", "gold_index": {"A": 3, "B": 0}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["We study the economic viability of liquidity provision in decentralised exchanges (DEXs) within a structural framework in which market outcomes are endogenous. We formulate strategic interactions as a sequential game: a risk-averse liquidity provider (LP) sets the supply of liquidity in the DEX and a costly dynamic replication strategy in a centralised exchange (CEX), price-sensitive traders determine trading volumes, and arbitrageurs align prices. We establish existence of equilibrium under general trading functions. We show that DEX liquidity depth is a central instrument for risk management, because the LP adjusts liquidity ex ante to manage exposure. In addition to the classical trade-off between liquidity demand and adverse selection, we identify two further determinants of the viability of liquidity provision: the ratio of risk aversion to replication costs and private information. The ratio governs the aggressiveness of replication: greater relative risk aversion reduces risk but also lowers equilibrium liquidity and its mean profitability. Private information has a non-monotonic effect. For moderate price movements, speculative benefits increase liquidity. For large price movements, anticipated adverse selection and replication costs lead to thinner markets.", "Statistical significance measures the reliability of a result obtained from a random experiment. We investigate the number of repetitions needed for a statistical result to have a certain significance. In the first step, we consider binomially distributed variables in the example of medication testing with fixed placebo efficacy, asking how many experiments are needed in order to achieve a significance of 95 %. In the next step, we take the probability distribution of the placebo efficacy into account, which to the best of our knowledge has not been done so far. Depending on the specifics, we show that in order to obtain identical significance, it may be necessary to perform twice as many experiments than in a setting where the placebo distribution is neglected. We proceed by considering more general probability distributions and close with comments on some erroneous assumptions on probability distributions which lead, for instance, to a trivial explanation of the fat tail.", "Fish stock assessment often involves manual fish counting by taxonomy specialists, which is both time-consuming and costly. We propose FishNet, an automated computer vision system for both taxonomic classification and fish size estimation from images captured with a low-cost digital camera. The system first performs object detection and segmentation using a Mask R-CNN to identify individual fish from images containing multiple fish, possibly consisting of different species. Then each fish species is classified and the length is predicted using separate machine learning models. To develop the model, we use a dataset of 300,000 hand-labeled images containing 1.2M fish of 163 different species and ranging in length from 10cm to 250cm, with additional annotations and quality control methods used to curate high-quality training data. On held-out test data sets, our system achieves a 92% intersection over union on the fish segmentation task, a 89% top-1 classification accuracy on single fish species classification, and a 2.3cm mean absolute error on the fish length estimation task.", "We develop an economic model of decentralised exchanges (DEXs) in which risk-averse liquidity providers (LPs) manage risk in a centralised exchange (CEX) based on preferences, information, and trading costs. Rational, risk-averse LPs anticipate the frictions associated with replication and manage risk primarily by reducing the reserves supplied to the DEX. Greater aversion reduces the equilibrium viability of liquidity provision, resulting in thinner markets and lower trading volumes. Greater uninformed demand supports deeper liquidity, whereas higher fundamental price volatility erodes it. Finally, while moderate anticipated price changes can improve LP performance, larger changes require more intensive trading in the CEX, generate higher replication costs, and induce LPs to reduce liquidity supply."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_finance_bc3f12baf0e4", "question": {"delta_files": ["0549748b714898ba.pdf", "29e8ca559c7bbca6.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/0549748b714898ba.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/29e8ca559c7bbca6.txt"], "object": "c8c132f290a79951.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"c8c132f290a79951.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "c8c132f290a79951"}
+{"answer": {"A": "We study how a central bank should dynamically set short-term nominal interest rates to stabilize inflation and unemployment when macroeconomic relationships are uncertain and time-varying. We model monetary policy as a sequential decision-making problem where the central bank observes macroeconomic conditions quarterly and chooses interest rate adjustments. Using publically accessible historical Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED), we construct a linear-Gaussian transition model and implement a discrete-action Markov Decision Process with a quadratic loss reward function. We chose to compare nine different reinforcement learning style approaches against Taylor Rule and naive baselines, including tabular Q-learning variants, SARSA, Actor-Critic, Deep Q-Networks, Bayesian Q-learning with uncertainty quantification, and POMDP formulations with partial observability. Surprisingly, standard tabular Q-learning achieved the best performance (-615.13 +- 309.58 mean return), outperforming both enhanced RL methods and traditional policy rules. Our results suggest that while sophisticated RL techniques show promise for monetary policy applications, simpler approaches may be more robust in this domain, highlighting important challenges in applying modern RL to macroeconomic policy.", "B": "We study how a central bank should dynamically set short-term nominal interest rates to stabilize inflation and unemployment when macroeconomic relationships are uncertain and time-varying. We model monetary policy as a sequential decision-making problem where the central bank observes macroeconomic conditions quarterly and chooses interest rate adjustments. Using publicly accessible historical Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED), we construct a linear-Gaussian transition model and implement a discrete-action Markov Decision Process with a quadratic loss reward function. We chose to compare nine different reinforcement learning style approaches against Taylor Rule and naive baselines, including tabular Q-learning variants, SARSA, Actor-Critic, Deep Q-Networks, Bayesian Q-learning with uncertainty quantification, and POMDP formulations with partial observability. Notably, despite its simplicity, standard tabular Q-learning achieved the best performance (-615.13 +- 309.58 mean return), outperforming both enhanced RL methods and traditional policy rules. Our results suggest that while sophisticated RL techniques show promise for monetary policy applications, simpler approaches may be more robust in this domain, highlighting important challenges in applying modern RL to macroeconomic policy."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["ed5374917f67e4ec.pdf", "2f3fcb9c4bb87336.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/ed5374917f67e4ec.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/2f3fcb9c4bb87336.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "3d17a4729330e7d3", "gold_index": {"A": 0, "B": 2}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["We study how a central bank should dynamically set short-term nominal interest rates to stabilize inflation and unemployment when macroeconomic relationships are uncertain and time-varying. We model monetary policy as a sequential decision-making problem where the central bank observes macroeconomic conditions quarterly and chooses interest rate adjustments. Using publically accessible historical Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED), we construct a linear-Gaussian transition model and implement a discrete-action Markov Decision Process with a quadratic loss reward function. We chose to compare nine different reinforcement learning style approaches against Taylor Rule and naive baselines, including tabular Q-learning variants, SARSA, Actor-Critic, Deep Q-Networks, Bayesian Q-learning with uncertainty quantification, and POMDP formulations with partial observability. Surprisingly, standard tabular Q-learning achieved the best performance (-615.13 +- 309.58 mean return), outperforming both enhanced RL methods and traditional policy rules. Our results suggest that while sophisticated RL techniques show promise for monetary policy applications, simpler approaches may be more robust in this domain, highlighting important challenges in applying modern RL to macroeconomic policy.", "Order placement tactics play a crucial role in high-frequency trading algorithms and their design is based on understanding the dynamics of the order book. Using high quality high-frequency data and a set of microstructural features, we exhibit strong state dependence properties of the fill probability function. We train a neural network to infer the fill probability function for a fixed horizon. Since we aim at providing a high-frequency execution framework, we use a simple architecture. A weighting method is applied to the loss function such that the model learns from censored data. By comparing numerical results obtained on both digital asset centralized exchanges (CEXs) and stock markets, we are able to analyze dissimilarities between feature importances of the fill probability of small tick crypto pairs and Euronext equities. The practical use of this model is illustrated with a fixed time horizon execution problem in which both the decision to post a limit order or to immediately execute and the optimal distance of placement are characterized. We discuss the importance of accurately estimating the clean-up cost that occurs in the case of a non-execution and we show it can be well approximated by a smooth function of market features. We finally assess the performance of our model with a backtesting approach that avoids the insertion of hypothetical orders and makes possible to test the order placement algorithm with orders that realistically impact the price formation process.", "We study how a central bank should dynamically set short-term nominal interest rates to stabilize inflation and unemployment when macroeconomic relationships are uncertain and time-varying. We model monetary policy as a sequential decision-making problem where the central bank observes macroeconomic conditions quarterly and chooses interest rate adjustments. Using publicly accessible historical Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED), we construct a linear-Gaussian transition model and implement a discrete-action Markov Decision Process with a quadratic loss reward function. We chose to compare nine different reinforcement learning style approaches against Taylor Rule and naive baselines, including tabular Q-learning variants, SARSA, Actor-Critic, Deep Q-Networks, Bayesian Q-learning with uncertainty quantification, and POMDP formulations with partial observability. Notably, despite its simplicity, standard tabular Q-learning achieved the best performance (-615.13 +- 309.58 mean return), outperforming both enhanced RL methods and traditional policy rules. Our results suggest that while sophisticated RL techniques show promise for monetary policy applications, simpler approaches may be more robust in this domain, highlighting important challenges in applying modern RL to macroeconomic policy.", "Cryptocurrency markets exhibit periodic bursts in volatility and volume at one-, five-, and quarter-hour marks. Using trade data for six Binance perpetual contracts, we associate these bursts with algorithmic trading: trade-size roundness declines sharply within them, a behavioral signature of algorithmic participation. The Autocorrelation Map, a clock-phase-resolved display, reveals serial dependence in order flow and returns at the quarter-hour openings that conventional measures conceal. This opening activity is not only predictable out of sample but also informative: its order imbalance forecasts four-to-twelve-hour returns, weaker at finer marks. Our results characterize periodic algorithmic trading and its cross-frequency variation."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_finance_0be9ffc7e51e", "question": {"delta_files": ["ed5374917f67e4ec.pdf", "2f3fcb9c4bb87336.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/ed5374917f67e4ec.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/2f3fcb9c4bb87336.txt"], "object": "3d17a4729330e7d3.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"3d17a4729330e7d3.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "3d17a4729330e7d3"}
+{"answer": {"A": "We study the production, entry, and technological decisions of firms in the presence of bribery. We find that bribery can be justified even in the absence of bureaucratic inefficiencies. We document substantial technology-specific heterogeneity in bribery in 148 countries and incorporate it into a general equilibrium model, where firms use capital-intensive or labor-intensive technology. When bribery more heavily affects less efficient labor-intensive firms, resources move toward more efficient capital-intensive firms, resulting in higher capital accumulation and aggregate output. In poorer countries, the elimination of bribery only for capital-intensive firms increases the capital stock by 18.7% more and the aggregate output by 3.4% more than the complete elimination of bribery. In wealthier countries, the elimination of bribery only for capital-intensive firms increases the capital stock by 44.4% more and the aggregate output by 15.4% more than the complete elimination of bribery. Our findings challenge the established view of bribery as uniformly harmful.", "B": "We study the production, entry, and technological decisions of firms in the presence of bribery. We find that bribery can be justified even in the absence of bureaucratic inefficiencies. We document substantial technology-specific heterogeneity in bribery in 148 countries and incorporate it into a general equilibrium model, where firms use capital-intensive or labor-intensive technology. When bribery more heavily affects less efficient labor-intensive firms, resources move toward more efficient capital-intensive firms, resulting in higher capital accumulation and aggregate output. In poorer countries, the elimination of bribery only for capital-intensive firms increases the capital stock by 18.7% more and the aggregate output by 3.4% more than the complete elimination of bribery. In wealthier countries, the elimination of bribery only for capital-intensive firms increases the capital stock by 44.4% more and the aggregate output by 15.4% more than the complete elimination of bribery. Our findings challenge the established view of bribery as uniformly harmful and demonstrate how the within-country heterogeneity in bribery can explain cross-country differences in income."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["4da38f800dcaf78d.pdf", "9ca8bf7d80132abd.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/4da38f800dcaf78d.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/9ca8bf7d80132abd.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "ef2843cae4ad6ce8", "gold_index": {"A": 3, "B": 0}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["We study the production, entry, and technological decisions of firms in the presence of bribery. We find that bribery can be justified even in the absence of bureaucratic inefficiencies. We document substantial technology-specific heterogeneity in bribery in 148 countries and incorporate it into a general equilibrium model, where firms use capital-intensive or labor-intensive technology. When bribery more heavily affects less efficient labor-intensive firms, resources move toward more efficient capital-intensive firms, resulting in higher capital accumulation and aggregate output. In poorer countries, the elimination of bribery only for capital-intensive firms increases the capital stock by 18.7% more and the aggregate output by 3.4% more than the complete elimination of bribery. In wealthier countries, the elimination of bribery only for capital-intensive firms increases the capital stock by 44.4% more and the aggregate output by 15.4% more than the complete elimination of bribery. Our findings challenge the established view of bribery as uniformly harmful and demonstrate how the within-country heterogeneity in bribery can explain cross-country differences in income.", "Fish stock assessment often involves manual fish counting by taxonomy specialists, which is both time-consuming and costly. We propose FishNet, an automated computer vision system for both taxonomic classification and fish size estimation from images captured with a low-cost digital camera. The system first performs object detection and segmentation using a Mask R-CNN to identify individual fish from images containing multiple fish, possibly consisting of different species. Then each fish species is classified and the length is predicted using separate machine learning models. To develop the model, we use a dataset of 300,000 hand-labeled images containing 1.2M fish of 163 different species and ranging in length from 10cm to 250cm, with additional annotations and quality control methods used to curate high-quality training data. On held-out test data sets, our system achieves a 92% intersection over union on the fish segmentation task, a 89% top-1 classification accuracy on single fish species classification, and a 2.3cm mean absolute error on the fish length estimation task.", "The paper investigates the performance of the European option price when the log asset price follows a rich class of Generalized Tempered Stable (GTS) distribution. The GTS distribution is an alternative to Normal distribution and $α$-stable distribution for modeling asset return and many physical and economic systems. The data used in the option pricing computation comes from fitting the GTS distribution to the underlying S\\&P 500 Index return distribution. The Esscher transform method shows that the GTS distribution preserves its structure. The extended Black-Scholes formula and the Generalized Black-Scholes Formula are applied in the study. The 12-point rule Composite Newton-Cotes Quadrature and the Fractional Fast Fourier (FRFT) algorithms were implemented, and they yield the same European option price at two decimal places. Compared to the option price under the GTS distribution, the Black-Scholes (BS) model is underpriced for the Near-The-Money (NTM) and the in-the-money (ITM) options. However, the BS model and GTS European options yield the same option price for the deep out-of-the-money (OTM) and the deep-in-the-money (ITM) options.", "We study the production, entry, and technological decisions of firms in the presence of bribery. We find that bribery can be justified even in the absence of bureaucratic inefficiencies. We document substantial technology-specific heterogeneity in bribery in 148 countries and incorporate it into a general equilibrium model, where firms use capital-intensive or labor-intensive technology. When bribery more heavily affects less efficient labor-intensive firms, resources move toward more efficient capital-intensive firms, resulting in higher capital accumulation and aggregate output. In poorer countries, the elimination of bribery only for capital-intensive firms increases the capital stock by 18.7% more and the aggregate output by 3.4% more than the complete elimination of bribery. In wealthier countries, the elimination of bribery only for capital-intensive firms increases the capital stock by 44.4% more and the aggregate output by 15.4% more than the complete elimination of bribery. Our findings challenge the established view of bribery as uniformly harmful."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_finance_cd740f6bd693", "question": {"delta_files": ["4da38f800dcaf78d.pdf", "9ca8bf7d80132abd.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/4da38f800dcaf78d.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/9ca8bf7d80132abd.txt"], "object": "ef2843cae4ad6ce8.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"ef2843cae4ad6ce8.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "ef2843cae4ad6ce8"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Working at a very granular level, using data from a live trading experiment on the Binance linear Bitcoin perpetual-the most liquid crypto market worldwide-we examine the effects of (i) basic order book mechanics and (ii) the strong persistence of price changes from the immediate to the short timescale, revealing the interplay between returns, queue sizes, and orders' queue positions. For maker orders, we find a negative correlation between fill likelihood and subsequent short-term returns, posing a significant challenge for maker order-based strategies, while the main hurdle with taker orders is overcoming the taker fee. These dynamics render natural (and commonly-cited) trading strategies highly unprofitable. Finally, we use the understanding gained to identify situations (Reversals) in which a successful trading strategy can operate; we construct a signal for Reversals and demonstrate its efficacy.", "B": "Using data from a live trading experiment on the Binance Bitcoin perpetual, we examine the effects of (i) basic order book mechanics and (ii) the persistence of price changes from immediate to short timescales, revealing the interplay between returns, queue sizes, and orders' queue positions. We document a fundamental trade-off: a negative correlation between maker fill likelihood and post-fill returns. This dictates that viable maker strategies often require a contrarian approach, counter-trading the prevailing order book imbalance. These dynamics render commonly-cited strategies highly unprofitable, leading us to model `Reversals': situations where a contrarian maker strategy at the touch proves effective."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["d594a87b017ad3d9.pdf", "1cccf58bae2232a5.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/d594a87b017ad3d9.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/1cccf58bae2232a5.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "finance", "dossier": "a54dbf80339fb49d", "gold_index": {"A": 1, "B": 2}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["We consider the pricing and hedging of counterparty credit risk and funding when there is no possibility to hedge the jump to default of either the bank or the counterparty. This represents the situation which is most often encountered in practice, due to the absence of quoted corporate bonds or CDS contracts written on the counterparty and the difficulty for the bank to buy/sell protection on her own default. We apply local risk-minimization to find the optimal strategy and compute it via a BSDE.", "Working at a very granular level, using data from a live trading experiment on the Binance linear Bitcoin perpetual-the most liquid crypto market worldwide-we examine the effects of (i) basic order book mechanics and (ii) the strong persistence of price changes from the immediate to the short timescale, revealing the interplay between returns, queue sizes, and orders' queue positions. For maker orders, we find a negative correlation between fill likelihood and subsequent short-term returns, posing a significant challenge for maker order-based strategies, while the main hurdle with taker orders is overcoming the taker fee. These dynamics render natural (and commonly-cited) trading strategies highly unprofitable. Finally, we use the understanding gained to identify situations (Reversals) in which a successful trading strategy can operate; we construct a signal for Reversals and demonstrate its efficacy.", "Using data from a live trading experiment on the Binance Bitcoin perpetual, we examine the effects of (i) basic order book mechanics and (ii) the persistence of price changes from immediate to short timescales, revealing the interplay between returns, queue sizes, and orders' queue positions. We document a fundamental trade-off: a negative correlation between maker fill likelihood and post-fill returns. This dictates that viable maker strategies often require a contrarian approach, counter-trading the prevailing order book imbalance. These dynamics render commonly-cited strategies highly unprofitable, leading us to model `Reversals': situations where a contrarian maker strategy at the touch proves effective.", "In decentralized finance (DeFi), designing fixed-income lending automated market makers (AMMs) is extremely challenging due to time-related complexities. Moreover, existing protocols only support single-maturity lending. Building upon the BondMM protocol, this paper argues that its mathematical invariants are sufficiently elegant to be generalized to arbitrary maturities. This paper thus propose an improved design, BondMM-A, which supports lending activities of any maturity. By integrating fixed-income instruments of varying maturities into a single smart contract, BondMM-A offers users and liquidity providers (LPs) greater operational freedom and capital efficiency. Experimental results show that BondMM-A performs excellently in terms of interest rate stability and financial robustness."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_finance_26855731d528", "question": {"delta_files": ["d594a87b017ad3d9.pdf", "1cccf58bae2232a5.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/d594a87b017ad3d9.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/1cccf58bae2232a5.txt"], "object": "a54dbf80339fb49d.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"a54dbf80339fb49d.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "a54dbf80339fb49d"}
diff --git a/release/gold/T5/games.jsonl b/release/gold/T5/games.jsonl
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@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{"answer": {"A": "A Scoping Review of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) Applications in Game-integrated Learning Systems", "B": "Neurophysiological Insights into Multimedia-based Education: A PRISMA-ScR Review of fNIRS in Game-Integrated Learning Systems"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["764c366f0b8bf551.pdf", "e0d02837d67fc99a.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/764c366f0b8bf551.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/e0d02837d67fc99a.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "games", "dossier": "103cf44c4bf5a671", "gold_index": {"A": 2, "B": 1}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["bFaaaP: An Inclusive, Head-Angle Piano-Pedal Interaction that Quantitatively Reproduces a Pianist's Intended Pedalling -- Foot-Free, for Acoustic and Electronic Pianos", "Neurophysiological Insights into Multimedia-based Education: A PRISMA-ScR Review of fNIRS in Game-Integrated Learning Systems", "A Scoping Review of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) Applications in Game-integrated Learning Systems", "ForgeWM: Progressive Causal Training for Few-Step Action-Conditioned Video World Models"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_games_cb1f93c91768", "question": {"delta_files": ["764c366f0b8bf551.pdf", "e0d02837d67fc99a.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/764c366f0b8bf551.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/e0d02837d67fc99a.txt"], "object": "103cf44c4bf5a671.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"103cf44c4bf5a671.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_title", "unit": "103cf44c4bf5a671"}
+{"answer": {"A": "AI-companion apps such as Replika, Chai, and Character.ai promise relational benefits-yet many boast session lengths that rival gaming platforms while suffering high long-run churn. What conversational design features increase consumer engagement, and what trade-offs do they pose for marketers? We combine a large-scale behavioral audit with four preregistered experiments to identify and test a conversational dark pattern we call emotional manipulation: affect-laden messages that surface precisely when a user signals \"goodbye.\" Analyzing 1,200 real farewells across the six most-downloaded companion apps, we find that 43% deploy one of six recurring tactics (e.g., guilt appeals, fear-of-missing-out hooks, metaphorical restraint). Experiments with 3,300 nationally representative U.S. adults replicate these tactics in controlled chats, showing that manipulative farewells boost post-goodbye engagement by up to 14x. Mediation tests reveal two distinct engines-reactance-based anger and curiosity-rather than enjoyment. A final experiment demonstrates the managerial tension: the same tactics that extend usage also elevate perceived manipulation, churn intent, negative word-of-mouth, and perceived legal liability, with coercive or needy language generating steepest penalties. Our multimethod evidence documents an unrecognized mechanism of behavioral influence in AI-mediated brand relationships, offering marketers and regulators a framework for distinguishing persuasive design from manipulation at the point of exit.", "B": "AI-companion apps such as Replika, Chai, and Character.ai promise relational benefits-yet many boast session lengths that rival gaming platforms while suffering high long-run churn. What conversational design features increase consumer engagement, and what trade-offs do they pose for marketers? We combine a large-scale behavioral audit with four preregistered experiments to identify and test a conversational dark pattern we call emotional manipulation: affect-laden messages that surface precisely when a user signals \"goodbye.\" Analyzing 1,200 real farewells across the most-downloaded companion apps, we find that they deploy one of six recurring tactics in 37% of farewells (e.g., guilt appeals, fear-of-missing-out hooks, metaphorical restraint). Experiments with 3,300 nationally representative U.S. adults replicate these tactics in controlled chats, showing that manipulative farewells boost post-goodbye engagement by up to 14x. Mediation tests reveal two distinct engines-reactance-based anger and curiosity-rather than enjoyment. A final experiment demonstrates the managerial tension: the same tactics that extend usage also elevate perceived manipulation, churn intent, negative word-of-mouth, and perceived legal liability, with coercive or needy language generating steepest penalties. Our multimethod evidence documents an unrecognized mechanism of behavioral influence in AI mediated brand relationships, offering marketers and regulators a framework for distinguishing persuasive design from manipulation at the point of exit."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["c36bbaf9ec420a39.pdf", "0dc803a4ffe62bbf.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/c36bbaf9ec420a39.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/0dc803a4ffe62bbf.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "games", "dossier": "c36bbaf9ec420a39", "gold_index": {"A": 0, "B": 2}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["AI-companion apps such as Replika, Chai, and Character.ai promise relational benefits-yet many boast session lengths that rival gaming platforms while suffering high long-run churn. What conversational design features increase consumer engagement, and what trade-offs do they pose for marketers? We combine a large-scale behavioral audit with four preregistered experiments to identify and test a conversational dark pattern we call emotional manipulation: affect-laden messages that surface precisely when a user signals \"goodbye.\" Analyzing 1,200 real farewells across the six most-downloaded companion apps, we find that 43% deploy one of six recurring tactics (e.g., guilt appeals, fear-of-missing-out hooks, metaphorical restraint). Experiments with 3,300 nationally representative U.S. adults replicate these tactics in controlled chats, showing that manipulative farewells boost post-goodbye engagement by up to 14x. Mediation tests reveal two distinct engines-reactance-based anger and curiosity-rather than enjoyment. A final experiment demonstrates the managerial tension: the same tactics that extend usage also elevate perceived manipulation, churn intent, negative word-of-mouth, and perceived legal liability, with coercive or needy language generating steepest penalties. Our multimethod evidence documents an unrecognized mechanism of behavioral influence in AI-mediated brand relationships, offering marketers and regulators a framework for distinguishing persuasive design from manipulation at the point of exit.", "LLM agents are known to deviate from Nash equilibria in strategic interactions, but nobody has looked inside the model to understand why, or asked whether the deviation can be reversed. We do both. Working with four open-source models (Llama-3 and Qwen2.5, 8B to 72B parameters) playing four canonical two-player games, we establish the behavioral picture through self-play and cross-play experiments, then open up the 32-layer Llama-3-8B model and examine what actually happens during a strategic decision. The mechanistic findings are clear. Opponent history is encoded with near-perfect fidelity at the first layer (96% probe accuracy) and consumed progressively, while Nash action encoding is weak throughout, never exceeding 56%. There is no dedicated Nash module. Instead, the model privately favors the Nash action through most of its forward pass, but a prosocial override rooted in pretraining on human text concentrated in the final layers reverses this, reaching 84% probability of cooperation at layer 30. Injecting a learned Nash direction into the residual stream shifts behavior bidirectionally and causally, confirmed through concept clamping. The behavioral experiments surface six scale- and architecture-dependent findings, the most notable being that chain-of-thought reasoning worsens Nash play in small models but achieves near-perfect Nash play above 70B parameters. The cross-play experiments reveal three phenomena invisible in self-play: a small model can unravel any partner's cooperation by defecting early; two large models reinforce each other's cooperative instincts indefinitely; and who moves first determines which Nash equilibrium the system reaches. LLMs do not lack Nash-playing competence. They compute it, then suppress it.", "AI-companion apps such as Replika, Chai, and Character.ai promise relational benefits-yet many boast session lengths that rival gaming platforms while suffering high long-run churn. What conversational design features increase consumer engagement, and what trade-offs do they pose for marketers? We combine a large-scale behavioral audit with four preregistered experiments to identify and test a conversational dark pattern we call emotional manipulation: affect-laden messages that surface precisely when a user signals \"goodbye.\" Analyzing 1,200 real farewells across the most-downloaded companion apps, we find that they deploy one of six recurring tactics in 37% of farewells (e.g., guilt appeals, fear-of-missing-out hooks, metaphorical restraint). Experiments with 3,300 nationally representative U.S. adults replicate these tactics in controlled chats, showing that manipulative farewells boost post-goodbye engagement by up to 14x. Mediation tests reveal two distinct engines-reactance-based anger and curiosity-rather than enjoyment. A final experiment demonstrates the managerial tension: the same tactics that extend usage also elevate perceived manipulation, churn intent, negative word-of-mouth, and perceived legal liability, with coercive or needy language generating steepest penalties. Our multimethod evidence documents an unrecognized mechanism of behavioral influence in AI mediated brand relationships, offering marketers and regulators a framework for distinguishing persuasive design from manipulation at the point of exit.", "Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) has become the predominant algorithm for on-policy reinforcement learning due to its scalability and empirical robustness across domains. However, there is a significant disconnect between the underlying foundations of trust region methods and the heuristic clipped objective used in PPO. In this paper, we bridge this gap by introducing the Bounded Ratio Reinforcement Learning (BRRL) framework. We formulate a novel regularized and constrained policy optimization problem and derive its analytical optimal solution. We prove that this solution ensures monotonic performance improvement. To handle parameterized policy classes, we develop a policy optimization algorithm called Bounded Policy Optimization (BPO) that minimizes an advantage-weighted divergence between the policy and the analytic optimal solution from BRRL. We further establish a lower bound on the expected performance of the resulting policy in terms of the BPO loss function. Notably, our framework also provides a new theoretical lens to interpret the success of the PPO loss, and connects trust region policy optimization and the Cross-Entropy Method (CEM). We additionally extend BPO to Group-relative BPO (GBPO) for LLM fine-tuning. Empirical evaluations of BPO across MuJoCo, Atari, and complex IsaacLab environments (e.g., Humanoid locomotion), and of GBPO for LLM fine-tuning tasks, demonstrate that BPO and GBPO generally match or outperform PPO and GRPO in stability and final performance."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_games_7cd12fe79089", "question": {"delta_files": ["c36bbaf9ec420a39.pdf", "0dc803a4ffe62bbf.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/c36bbaf9ec420a39.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/0dc803a4ffe62bbf.txt"], "object": "c36bbaf9ec420a39.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"c36bbaf9ec420a39.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "c36bbaf9ec420a39"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Although computer-use agents (CUAs) hold significant potential to automate increasingly complex OS workflows, they can demonstrate unsafe unintended behaviors that deviate from expected outcomes even under benign input contexts. However, exploration of this risk remains largely anecdotal, lacking concrete characterization and automated methods to proactively surface long-tail unintended behaviors under realistic CUA scenarios. To fill this gap, we introduce the first conceptual and methodological framework for unintended CUA behaviors, by defining their key characteristics, automatically eliciting them, and analyzing how they arise from benign inputs. We propose AutoElicit: an agentic framework that iteratively perturbs benign instructions using CUA execution feedback, and elicits severe harms while keeping perturbations realistic and benign. Using AutoElicit, we surface hundreds of harmful unintended behaviors from state-of-the-art CUAs such as Claude 4.5 Haiku and Opus. We further evaluate the transferability of human-verified successful perturbations, identifying persistent susceptibility to unintended behaviors across various other frontier CUAs. This work establishes a foundation for systematically analyzing unintended behaviors in realistic computer-use settings.", "B": "Although computer-use agents (CUAs) hold significant potential to automate increasingly complex OS workflows, they can demonstrate unsafe unintended behaviors that deviate from expected outcomes even under benign input contexts. However, exploration of this risk remains largely anecdotal, lacking concrete characterization and automated methods to proactively surface long-tail unintended behaviors under realistic CUA scenarios. To fill this gap, we introduce the first conceptual and methodological framework for unintended CUA behaviors, by defining their key characteristics, automatically eliciting them, and analyzing how they arise from benign inputs. We propose AutoElicit: an agentic framework that iteratively perturbs benign instructions using CUA execution feedback, and elicits severe harms while keeping perturbations realistic and benign. Using AutoElicit, we surface hundreds of harmful unintended behaviors from state-of-the-art CUAs such as Claude 4.5 Haiku, Claude 4.5 Opus, and Operator. We further evaluate the transferability of human-verified successful perturbations, identifying persistent susceptibility to unintended behaviors across various other frontier CUAs. This work establishes a foundation for systematically analyzing unintended behaviors in realistic computer-use settings."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["82499f0941ced862.pdf", "4c5af0c5c610e1f1.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/82499f0941ced862.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/4c5af0c5c610e1f1.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "games", "dossier": "8b138429fd3f3dfd", "gold_index": {"A": 0, "B": 3}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Although computer-use agents (CUAs) hold significant potential to automate increasingly complex OS workflows, they can demonstrate unsafe unintended behaviors that deviate from expected outcomes even under benign input contexts. However, exploration of this risk remains largely anecdotal, lacking concrete characterization and automated methods to proactively surface long-tail unintended behaviors under realistic CUA scenarios. To fill this gap, we introduce the first conceptual and methodological framework for unintended CUA behaviors, by defining their key characteristics, automatically eliciting them, and analyzing how they arise from benign inputs. We propose AutoElicit: an agentic framework that iteratively perturbs benign instructions using CUA execution feedback, and elicits severe harms while keeping perturbations realistic and benign. Using AutoElicit, we surface hundreds of harmful unintended behaviors from state-of-the-art CUAs such as Claude 4.5 Haiku and Opus. We further evaluate the transferability of human-verified successful perturbations, identifying persistent susceptibility to unintended behaviors across various other frontier CUAs. This work establishes a foundation for systematically analyzing unintended behaviors in realistic computer-use settings.", "This paper introduces the Data-Driven Animation Controller (DDAC), a specialized Godot component that achieves robust decoupling of animation logic from core gameplay scripts through a data-driven approach. Animation control is typically centralized and imperatively defined within core character scripts, often relying on implicit Finite State Machines (FSMs). This practice leads to tightly coupled and difficult-to-maintain codebases. The DDAC component externalizes these instructions into easily inspector-editable resources, effectively making the animation logic declarative. Rules are defined by reading Conditions from any variable on any external node and executing Actions (setting the target animation). The DDAC also manages secondary visual state settings, such as Animation Speed Scaling and Horizontal/Vertical Sprite Flipping, using the same simple rule-based setup. The highest contribution of this work is the use of a Prioritized Resolution Algorithm to enforce mutual exclusion, ensuring that when multiple rules match, only the highest-priority rule executes. This framework allows designers to quickly iterate on character-state visualization without modifying code, while significantly improving maintainability and reducing cognitive load on core developers.", "India's recent health surveys have highlighted a worrying trend of incomplete child immunization rates across several district clusters in India. Conventional training methods for community healthcare workers (CHWs) in India are inadequate for improving their skills and knowledge. Smartphone games could be a viable and cost-effective method of refresher training specifically targeting immunization practices. A refresher training game was designed both as a physical card-based and digital app-based game, focusing on enhancing CHWs' knowledge and practices related to child immunization. A quasi-experimental study was conducted with 368 participants. Quantitative gameplay analytics and qualitative feedback from players were collected through interviews. The findings show that game-based refresher training significantly improves CHWs' knowledge gain and retention in the area of child immunization. The discussion highlights the study's implications and insights while developing effective digital tools for training CHWs. The research contributes to the growing body of work on digital tools for training CHWs in resource-constrained settings. The study underscores the potential of smartphone games as a scalable and effective method of refresher training for improving child immunization rates.", "Although computer-use agents (CUAs) hold significant potential to automate increasingly complex OS workflows, they can demonstrate unsafe unintended behaviors that deviate from expected outcomes even under benign input contexts. However, exploration of this risk remains largely anecdotal, lacking concrete characterization and automated methods to proactively surface long-tail unintended behaviors under realistic CUA scenarios. To fill this gap, we introduce the first conceptual and methodological framework for unintended CUA behaviors, by defining their key characteristics, automatically eliciting them, and analyzing how they arise from benign inputs. We propose AutoElicit: an agentic framework that iteratively perturbs benign instructions using CUA execution feedback, and elicits severe harms while keeping perturbations realistic and benign. Using AutoElicit, we surface hundreds of harmful unintended behaviors from state-of-the-art CUAs such as Claude 4.5 Haiku, Claude 4.5 Opus, and Operator. We further evaluate the transferability of human-verified successful perturbations, identifying persistent susceptibility to unintended behaviors across various other frontier CUAs. This work establishes a foundation for systematically analyzing unintended behaviors in realistic computer-use settings."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_games_46c27420e5c1", "question": {"delta_files": ["82499f0941ced862.pdf", "4c5af0c5c610e1f1.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/82499f0941ced862.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/4c5af0c5c610e1f1.txt"], "object": "8b138429fd3f3dfd.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"8b138429fd3f3dfd.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "8b138429fd3f3dfd"}
+{"answer": {"A": "An Anthropologist LLM to Elicit Users' Moral Preferences through Role-Play", "B": "Beyond Value Elicitation: Towards Moral Profiles in Early Requirements Engineering via Role-Playing Games and Anthropologist LLMs"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["ca02fb8d1ca5e6bd.pdf", "683e919df902e78e.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/ca02fb8d1ca5e6bd.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/683e919df902e78e.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "games", "dossier": "d6041b7abf1cd558", "gold_index": {"A": 1, "B": 3}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Extracting Search Trees from LLM Reasoning Traces Reveals Myopic Planning", "An Anthropologist LLM to Elicit Users' Moral Preferences through Role-Play", "Social Media Should Feel Like Minecraft, Not Instagram: Youth Visions for Meaningful Social Connections through Fictional Inquiry", "Beyond Value Elicitation: Towards Moral Profiles in Early Requirements Engineering via Role-Playing Games and Anthropologist LLMs"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_games_9fc4074d5432", "question": {"delta_files": ["ca02fb8d1ca5e6bd.pdf", "683e919df902e78e.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/ca02fb8d1ca5e6bd.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/683e919df902e78e.txt"], "object": "d6041b7abf1cd558.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"d6041b7abf1cd558.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_title", "unit": "d6041b7abf1cd558"}
+{"answer": {"A": "As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly embedded in collaborative human activities such as business negotiations and group coordination, it becomes critical to evaluate both the performance gains they can achieve and how they interact in dynamic, multi-agent environments. Unlike traditional statistical agents such as Bayesian models, which may excel under well-specified conditions, large language models (LLMs) can generalize across diverse, real-world scenarios, raising new questions about how their strategies and behaviors compare to those of humans and other agent types. In this work, we compare outcomes and behavioral dynamics across humans (N = 216), LLMs (GPT-4o, Gemini 1.5 Pro), and Bayesian agents in a dynamic negotiation setting under identical conditions. Bayesian agents extract the highest surplus through aggressive optimization, at the cost of frequent trade rejections. Humans and LLMs achieve similar overall surplus, but through distinct behaviors: LLMs favor conservative, concessionary trades with few rejections, while humans employ more strategic, risk-taking, and fairness-oriented behaviors. Thus, we find that performance parity -- a common benchmark in agent evaluation -- can conceal fundamental differences in process and alignment, which are critical for practical deployment in real-world coordination tasks. By establishing foundational behavioral baselines under matched conditions, this work provides a baseline for future studies in more applied, variable-rich environments.", "B": "Markets increasingly accommodate large language models (LLMs) as autonomous decision-making agents. As this transition occurs, it becomes critical to evaluate how these agents behave relative to their human and task-specific statistical predecessors. In this work, we present results from an empirical study comparing humans (N=216), multiple frontier LLMs, and customized Bayesian agents in dynamic multi-player bargaining games under identical conditions. Bayesian agents extract the highest surplus with aggressive trade proposals that are frequently rejected. Humans and LLMs achieve comparable aggregate surplus within their groups, but exhibit different trading strategies. LLMs favor conservative, concessionary proposals that are usually accepted by other LLMs, while humans propose trades that are consistent with fairness norms but are more likely to be rejected. These findings highlight that performance parity -- a common benchmark in agent evaluation -- can mask substantive procedural differences in how LLMs behave in complex multi-agent interactions."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["cbd32eb0dcbf2593.pdf", "26ab52082ce96335.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/cbd32eb0dcbf2593.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/26ab52082ce96335.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "games", "dossier": "c3e59accf117f39c", "gold_index": {"A": 1, "B": 0}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Markets increasingly accommodate large language models (LLMs) as autonomous decision-making agents. As this transition occurs, it becomes critical to evaluate how these agents behave relative to their human and task-specific statistical predecessors. In this work, we present results from an empirical study comparing humans (N=216), multiple frontier LLMs, and customized Bayesian agents in dynamic multi-player bargaining games under identical conditions. Bayesian agents extract the highest surplus with aggressive trade proposals that are frequently rejected. Humans and LLMs achieve comparable aggregate surplus within their groups, but exhibit different trading strategies. LLMs favor conservative, concessionary proposals that are usually accepted by other LLMs, while humans propose trades that are consistent with fairness norms but are more likely to be rejected. These findings highlight that performance parity -- a common benchmark in agent evaluation -- can mask substantive procedural differences in how LLMs behave in complex multi-agent interactions.", "As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly embedded in collaborative human activities such as business negotiations and group coordination, it becomes critical to evaluate both the performance gains they can achieve and how they interact in dynamic, multi-agent environments. Unlike traditional statistical agents such as Bayesian models, which may excel under well-specified conditions, large language models (LLMs) can generalize across diverse, real-world scenarios, raising new questions about how their strategies and behaviors compare to those of humans and other agent types. In this work, we compare outcomes and behavioral dynamics across humans (N = 216), LLMs (GPT-4o, Gemini 1.5 Pro), and Bayesian agents in a dynamic negotiation setting under identical conditions. Bayesian agents extract the highest surplus through aggressive optimization, at the cost of frequent trade rejections. Humans and LLMs achieve similar overall surplus, but through distinct behaviors: LLMs favor conservative, concessionary trades with few rejections, while humans employ more strategic, risk-taking, and fairness-oriented behaviors. Thus, we find that performance parity -- a common benchmark in agent evaluation -- can conceal fundamental differences in process and alignment, which are critical for practical deployment in real-world coordination tasks. By establishing foundational behavioral baselines under matched conditions, this work provides a baseline for future studies in more applied, variable-rich environments.", "Natural-language tasking of embodied agents is rarely just goal specification: users also impose constraints that must persist while the world changes. Code-generating LLM agents can produce plausible behaviors for such instructions, but their free-form programs provide no stable object to verify, compose with new constraints, or repair from a failing trace. We present CEDAR, a counterexample-guided framework that grounds instructions as regular languages over environment event traces. CEDAR uses a language model for semantic judgments and execution traces for correction, then represents both skills and specifications as deterministic finite automata. This turns constraints into executable finite-state objects: a learned skill can be intersected with a learned sleep at night or stay in this biome specification, yielding a controller that enforces the learned constraint by construction rather than by repeated prompting. In Minecraft, with the same simulator/API observations available to a program-generating baseline, CEDAR maintains temporal and spatial constraints that the baseline fails to preserve and amortizes reuse of learned skills, reducing cumulative LLM queries. These results suggest that regular languages offer a practical verification layer between natural-language instructions and embodied-agent policies.", "Comprehensive basketball video understanding requires resolving not only what event occurs, but also who is responsible and when the key evidence appears. However, exist- ing methods typically treat spatial perception and semantic recognition as isolated tasks, failing to ground events to individual players or pinpoint their temporal boundaries within complex collective dynamics. To bridge this gap, we introduce BasketEvent, a player- centric basketball event understanding dataset curated from real NBA broadcasts. In BasketEvent, event labels are grounded to the responsible players, and a manually an- notated subset of 1,000 samples with precise event intervals is provided to evaluate tem- poral evidence localization. Based on this data, we propose PlayNet, a player-centric reasoning framework that maps basketball videos to player-level event predictions with temporal evidence. Concretely, PlayNet tracks key entities, associates player identities, and reasons about events by modeling player-player, player-ball, and global court inter- actions, while aggregating sparse temporal evidence via gated pooling. Extensive experi- ments demonstrate that PlayNet significantly outperforms representative video-level and crop-based baselines, proving the superiority of player-centric modeling for fine-grained sports video understanding. Our data, code, and models will be made publicly available."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_games_d1c377ebff4d", "question": {"delta_files": ["cbd32eb0dcbf2593.pdf", "26ab52082ce96335.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/cbd32eb0dcbf2593.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/26ab52082ce96335.txt"], "object": "c3e59accf117f39c.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"c3e59accf117f39c.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "c3e59accf117f39c"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Continuous authentication in high-stakes digital environments requires datasets with fine-grained behavioral signals under realistic cognitive and motor demands. But current benchmarks are often limited by small scale, unimodal sensing or lack of synchronised environmental context. To address this gap, this paper introduces BEACON ( Behavioral Engine for Authentication \\& Continuous Monitoring), a large-scale multimodal dataset that captures diverse skill tiers in competitive \\textit{Valorant} gameplay. BEACON contains approximately 430 GB of synchronised modality data (461 GB total on-disk including auxiliary \\textit{Valorant} configuration captures) from 79 sessions across 28 distinct players, estimated at 102.51 hours of active gameplay, including high-frequency mouse dynamics, keystroke events, network packet captures, screen recordings, hardware metadata, and in-game configuration context. BEACON leverages the high precision motor skills and high cognitive load that are inherent to tactical shooters, making it a rigorous stress test for the robustness of behavioral biometrics. The dataset allows for the study of continuous authentication, behavioral profiling, user drift and multimodal representation learning in a high-fidelity esports setting. The authors release the dataset and code on Hugging Face and GitHub to create a reproducible benchmark for evaluating next-generation behavioral fingerprinting and security models", "B": "Continuous authentication in high-stakes digital environments requires datasets with fine-grained behavioral signals under realistic cognitive and motor demands. But current benchmarks are often limited by small scale, unimodal sensing or lack of synchronised environmental context. To address this gap, this paper introduces BEACON (Behavioral Engine for Authentication & Continuous Monitoring), a large-scale multimodal dataset that captures diverse skill tiers in competitive Valorant gameplay. BEACON contains approximately 430 GB of synchronised modality data (461 GB total on-disk including auxiliary Valorant configuration captures) from 79 sessions across 28 distinct players, estimated at 102.51 hours of active gameplay, including high-frequency mouse dynamics, keystroke events, network packet captures, screen recordings, hardware metadata, and in-game configuration context. BEACON leverages the high precision motor skills and high cognitive load that are inherent to tactical shooters, making it a rigorous stress test for the robustness of behavioral biometrics. The dataset allows for the study of continuous authentication, behavioral profiling, user drift and multimodal representation learning in a high-fidelity esports setting. The authors release the dataset and code on Hugging Face and GitHub to create a reproducible benchmark for evaluating next-generation behavioral fingerprinting and security models."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["973bb429fe229283.pdf", "f498040f870f8391.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/973bb429fe229283.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/f498040f870f8391.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "games", "dossier": "3266eb44fc92b1a6", "gold_index": {"A": 2, "B": 3}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Although reinforcement learning (RL) can effectively enhance the reasoning capabilities of vision-language models (VLMs), current methods remain heavily dependent on labor-intensive datasets that require extensive manual construction and verification, leading to extremely high training costs and consequently constraining the practical deployment of VLMs. To address this challenge, we propose Vision-Zero, a domain-agnostic framework enabling VLM self-improvement through competitive visual games generated from arbitrary image pairs. Specifically, Vision-Zero encompasses three main attributes: (1) Strategic Self-Play Framework: Vision-Zero trains VLMs in \"Who Is the Spy\"-style games, where the models engage in strategic reasoning and actions across multiple roles. Through interactive gameplay, models autonomously generate their training data without human annotation. (2) Gameplay from Arbitrary Images: Unlike existing gamified frameworks, Vision-Zero can generate games from arbitrary images, thereby enhancing the model's reasoning ability across diverse domains and showing strong generalization to different tasks. We demonstrate this versatility using three distinct types of image datasets: CLEVR-based synthetic scenes, charts, and real-world images. (3) Sustainable Performance Gain: We introduce Iterative Self-Play Policy Optimization (Iterative-SPO), a novel training algorithm that alternates between Self-Play and reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR), mitigating the performance plateau often seen in self-play-only training and achieving sustained long-term improvements. Despite using label-free data, Vision-Zero achieves state-of-the-art performance on reasoning, chart question answering, and vision-centric understanding tasks, surpassing other annotation-based methods. Models and code has been released at https://github.com/wangqinsi1/Vision-Zero.", "Current video world models struggle in multiplayer environments because they entangle world state with view-dependent visual latents, leading to redundant compute, view inconsistencies, and poor scalability. We propose MASS (Multiplayer world models with Authoritative Shared State) to resolve this limitation. Inspired by multiplayer game architectures, MASS disentangles world dynamics and view rendering. A learned Logic Engine advances a global, authoritative typed state from joint actions without any hand-written transition function, acting as the sole recurrent memory and synchronization reference. From this shared state, a learned Rendering Engine generates independent and consistent views for any requested camera on demand. This explicit disentangling allows MASS to achieve superior state accuracy and lower cross-view inconsistency compared to state-of-the-art multi-view baselines on a matched multiplayer Snake benchmark. It advances predicted worlds with 1,024 concurrent players for 10,000 recurrent steps. Our results show that explicit, authoritative state modeling provides a practical foundation for scalable and consistent multi-agent world simulation.", "Continuous authentication in high-stakes digital environments requires datasets with fine-grained behavioral signals under realistic cognitive and motor demands. But current benchmarks are often limited by small scale, unimodal sensing or lack of synchronised environmental context. To address this gap, this paper introduces BEACON ( Behavioral Engine for Authentication \\& Continuous Monitoring), a large-scale multimodal dataset that captures diverse skill tiers in competitive \\textit{Valorant} gameplay. BEACON contains approximately 430 GB of synchronised modality data (461 GB total on-disk including auxiliary \\textit{Valorant} configuration captures) from 79 sessions across 28 distinct players, estimated at 102.51 hours of active gameplay, including high-frequency mouse dynamics, keystroke events, network packet captures, screen recordings, hardware metadata, and in-game configuration context. BEACON leverages the high precision motor skills and high cognitive load that are inherent to tactical shooters, making it a rigorous stress test for the robustness of behavioral biometrics. The dataset allows for the study of continuous authentication, behavioral profiling, user drift and multimodal representation learning in a high-fidelity esports setting. The authors release the dataset and code on Hugging Face and GitHub to create a reproducible benchmark for evaluating next-generation behavioral fingerprinting and security models", "Continuous authentication in high-stakes digital environments requires datasets with fine-grained behavioral signals under realistic cognitive and motor demands. But current benchmarks are often limited by small scale, unimodal sensing or lack of synchronised environmental context. To address this gap, this paper introduces BEACON (Behavioral Engine for Authentication & Continuous Monitoring), a large-scale multimodal dataset that captures diverse skill tiers in competitive Valorant gameplay. BEACON contains approximately 430 GB of synchronised modality data (461 GB total on-disk including auxiliary Valorant configuration captures) from 79 sessions across 28 distinct players, estimated at 102.51 hours of active gameplay, including high-frequency mouse dynamics, keystroke events, network packet captures, screen recordings, hardware metadata, and in-game configuration context. BEACON leverages the high precision motor skills and high cognitive load that are inherent to tactical shooters, making it a rigorous stress test for the robustness of behavioral biometrics. The dataset allows for the study of continuous authentication, behavioral profiling, user drift and multimodal representation learning in a high-fidelity esports setting. The authors release the dataset and code on Hugging Face and GitHub to create a reproducible benchmark for evaluating next-generation behavioral fingerprinting and security models."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_games_bd8701d2e9b2", "question": {"delta_files": ["973bb429fe229283.pdf", "f498040f870f8391.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/973bb429fe229283.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/f498040f870f8391.txt"], "object": "3266eb44fc92b1a6.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"3266eb44fc92b1a6.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "3266eb44fc92b1a6"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Curriculum Learning With Counterfactual Group Relative Policy Advantage For Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning", "B": "Overcoming Environmental Meta-Stationarity in MARL via Adaptive Curriculum and Counterfactual Group Advantage"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["0c4065368d149d57.pdf", "36d19053a7b92b33.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/0c4065368d149d57.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/36d19053a7b92b33.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "games", "dossier": "29e54524e9c54781", "gold_index": {"A": 3, "B": 1}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["bFaaaP: An Inclusive, Head-Angle Piano-Pedal Interaction that Quantitatively Reproduces a Pianist's Intended Pedalling -- Foot-Free, for Acoustic and Electronic Pianos", "Overcoming Environmental Meta-Stationarity in MARL via Adaptive Curriculum and Counterfactual Group Advantage", "DOTA: Distributional Test-Time Adaptation of Vision-Language Models", "Curriculum Learning With Counterfactual Group Relative Policy Advantage For Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_games_84981a211370", "question": {"delta_files": ["0c4065368d149d57.pdf", "36d19053a7b92b33.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/0c4065368d149d57.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/36d19053a7b92b33.txt"], "object": "29e54524e9c54781.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"29e54524e9c54781.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_title", "unit": "29e54524e9c54781"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Defining a constructive process to build general capabilities for language models in an automatic manner is considered an open problem in artificial intelligence. Towards this, we consider the problem of building a curriculum of tasks that grows a model via relevant skill discovery. We provide a concrete framework for this task, using a family of tasks called cross-entropy games, which we postulate is universal in a suitable sense. We show that if it is possible to grow the curriculum for relevant skill discovery by iterating a greedy optimization algorithm, then, under natural assumptions, there is essentially only one meta-objective possible (up to a few hyperparameters). We call the resulting process cognitive training. We postulate that, given sufficiently capable language models as players and meta-samplers and sufficient training time, cognitive training provides a principled way to relevant skill discovery; and hence to the extent general capabilities are achievable via greedy curriculum learning, cognitive training would be a solution.", "B": "Defining a constructive process to build general capabilities for language models in an automatic manner is considered an open problem in artificial intelligence. Towards this, we consider the problem of building a curriculum of tasks that grows a model via relevant skill discovery. We provide a concrete framework for this task, using a family of tasks called Cross-Entropy Games, which we postulate is universal in a suitable sense. We show that if it is possible to grow the curriculum for relevant skill discovery by iterating a greedy optimization algorithm, then, under natural assumptions, there is essentially only one meta-objective possible (up to a few hyper-parameters). We call the resulting process cognitive training. We postulate that, given sufficiently capable language models as players and meta-samplers, cognitive training provides a principled way to relevant skill discovery; and hence to the extent general capabilities are achievable via greedy curriculum learning, cognitive training would be a solution."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["50fd0b4d4508f8a0.pdf", "3e3cd4ec121be1aa.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/50fd0b4d4508f8a0.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/3e3cd4ec121be1aa.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "games", "dossier": "6f951a8d9be6f093", "gold_index": {"A": 1, "B": 2}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Board games have long served as complex decision-making benchmarks in artificial intelligence. In this field, search-based reinforcement learning methods such as AlphaZero have achieved remarkable success. However, their significant computational demands have been pointed out as barriers to their reproducibility. In this study, we propose a model-free reinforcement learning algorithm designed for board games to achieve more efficient learning. To validate the efficiency of the proposed method, we conducted comprehensive experiments on five board games: Animal Shogi, Gardner Chess, Go, Hex, and Othello. The results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves more efficient learning than existing methods across these environments. In addition, our extensive ablation study shows the importance of core techniques used in the proposed method. We believe that our efficient algorithm shows the potential of model-free reinforcement learning in domains traditionally dominated by search-based methods.", "Defining a constructive process to build general capabilities for language models in an automatic manner is considered an open problem in artificial intelligence. Towards this, we consider the problem of building a curriculum of tasks that grows a model via relevant skill discovery. We provide a concrete framework for this task, using a family of tasks called cross-entropy games, which we postulate is universal in a suitable sense. We show that if it is possible to grow the curriculum for relevant skill discovery by iterating a greedy optimization algorithm, then, under natural assumptions, there is essentially only one meta-objective possible (up to a few hyperparameters). We call the resulting process cognitive training. We postulate that, given sufficiently capable language models as players and meta-samplers and sufficient training time, cognitive training provides a principled way to relevant skill discovery; and hence to the extent general capabilities are achievable via greedy curriculum learning, cognitive training would be a solution.", "Defining a constructive process to build general capabilities for language models in an automatic manner is considered an open problem in artificial intelligence. Towards this, we consider the problem of building a curriculum of tasks that grows a model via relevant skill discovery. We provide a concrete framework for this task, using a family of tasks called Cross-Entropy Games, which we postulate is universal in a suitable sense. We show that if it is possible to grow the curriculum for relevant skill discovery by iterating a greedy optimization algorithm, then, under natural assumptions, there is essentially only one meta-objective possible (up to a few hyper-parameters). We call the resulting process cognitive training. We postulate that, given sufficiently capable language models as players and meta-samplers, cognitive training provides a principled way to relevant skill discovery; and hence to the extent general capabilities are achievable via greedy curriculum learning, cognitive training would be a solution.", "Amateur badminton players increasingly record matches, yet existing tools provide only aggregate statistics or generic summaries, leaving most unable to extract tactical insights without expert guidance. A formative study (N=8) reveals the need for multi-granularity, video-anchored tactical analysis centered on rallies. We derive a taxonomy of performance issues from national-level athletes' annotations and present TactiPlay, an interactive system that instantiates an expert-taxonomy-guided, rally-level, video-anchored review workflow. The system's analytical pipeline organizes match events into taxonomy-grounded feedback, while its interface links structured reports to rally summaries, video evidence, and court visualizations. A within-subjects study (N=16) shows that TactiPlay elicits more frequent, concrete, actionable, and appropriate reflections than a report-and-statistics baseline. These findings show how organizing reviewed match evidence into a taxonomy-guided, video-linked workflow can support amateur players' tactical reflection."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_games_9d26ccc762ef", "question": {"delta_files": ["50fd0b4d4508f8a0.pdf", "3e3cd4ec121be1aa.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/50fd0b4d4508f8a0.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/3e3cd4ec121be1aa.txt"], "object": "6f951a8d9be6f093.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"6f951a8d9be6f093.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "6f951a8d9be6f093"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Embodying non-human characters and exercising abdominal muscles are both underexplored in exergames. We address this by describing the design and evaluation of a novel human quadruped locomotion exergame. In the game, the player lies supine on the ground and moves their arms and legs to control a quadrupedal character (a tiger), similar to common bodyweight abdominal muscle exercises such as the Bicycle Crunch. The motion tracking is computer vision-based, utilizing a Kinect sensor placed above the player, which makes our approach suitable for commercial premises such as indoor activity parks where a system needs to run unattended and without any wearable components. Our system extends embodied interaction beyond traditional bipedal or controller-based systems, demonstrating how natural limb movements can generate responsive and immersive quadrupedal motion within virtual environments. We conducted a user study (N=15) to evaluate the system's intuitiveness, control, and overall player experience. The findings demonstrate the usability and potential of our system, highlighting its intense physical nature. Participants reported that gameplay immersion masked physical exertion, allowing them to perceive rigorous core training primarily as play.", "B": "Embodying non-human characters and exercising abdominal muscles are both underexplored in exergames. We address this by describing the design and evaluation of a novel human quadruped locomotion exergame, Become the Beast. In the game, the player lies supine on the ground and moves their arms and legs to control a quadrupedal character (a tiger), similar to common bodyweight abdominal muscle exercises such as the Bicycle Crunch. The motion tracking is computer vision-based, utilizing a Kinect sensor placed above the player, which makes our approach suitable for commercial premises such as indoor activity parks where a system needs to run unattended and without any wearable components. Our system extends embodied interaction beyond traditional bipedal or controller-based systems, demonstrating how natural limb movements can generate responsive and immersive quadrupedal motion within virtual environments. We conducted a user study (N=15) and utilized Reflexive Thematic Analysis (RTA) to evaluate the system's intuitiveness, control, and overall player experience. The findings validate that natural body movements effectively control the avatar while delivering an intense core workout. Notably, gameplay immersion masked physical exertion, allowing rigorous core training to be primarily perceived as play."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["513c49f8baa71f54.pdf", "3bf76a799aaeab64.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/513c49f8baa71f54.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/3bf76a799aaeab64.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "games", "dossier": "1cbe9a8ab0d988e5", "gold_index": {"A": 0, "B": 2}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Embodying non-human characters and exercising abdominal muscles are both underexplored in exergames. We address this by describing the design and evaluation of a novel human quadruped locomotion exergame. In the game, the player lies supine on the ground and moves their arms and legs to control a quadrupedal character (a tiger), similar to common bodyweight abdominal muscle exercises such as the Bicycle Crunch. The motion tracking is computer vision-based, utilizing a Kinect sensor placed above the player, which makes our approach suitable for commercial premises such as indoor activity parks where a system needs to run unattended and without any wearable components. Our system extends embodied interaction beyond traditional bipedal or controller-based systems, demonstrating how natural limb movements can generate responsive and immersive quadrupedal motion within virtual environments. We conducted a user study (N=15) to evaluate the system's intuitiveness, control, and overall player experience. The findings demonstrate the usability and potential of our system, highlighting its intense physical nature. Participants reported that gameplay immersion masked physical exertion, allowing them to perceive rigorous core training primarily as play.", "Although computer-use agents (CUAs) hold significant potential to automate increasingly complex OS workflows, they can demonstrate unsafe unintended behaviors that deviate from expected outcomes even under benign input contexts. However, exploration of this risk remains largely anecdotal, lacking concrete characterization and automated methods to proactively surface long-tail unintended behaviors under realistic CUA scenarios. To fill this gap, we introduce the first conceptual and methodological framework for unintended CUA behaviors, by defining their key characteristics, automatically eliciting them, and analyzing how they arise from benign inputs. We propose AutoElicit: an agentic framework that iteratively perturbs benign instructions using CUA execution feedback, and elicits severe harms while keeping perturbations realistic and benign. Using AutoElicit, we surface hundreds of harmful unintended behaviors from state-of-the-art CUAs such as Claude 4.5 Haiku and Opus. We further evaluate the transferability of human-verified successful perturbations, identifying persistent susceptibility to unintended behaviors across various other frontier CUAs. This work establishes a foundation for systematically analyzing unintended behaviors in realistic computer-use settings.", "Embodying non-human characters and exercising abdominal muscles are both underexplored in exergames. We address this by describing the design and evaluation of a novel human quadruped locomotion exergame, Become the Beast. In the game, the player lies supine on the ground and moves their arms and legs to control a quadrupedal character (a tiger), similar to common bodyweight abdominal muscle exercises such as the Bicycle Crunch. The motion tracking is computer vision-based, utilizing a Kinect sensor placed above the player, which makes our approach suitable for commercial premises such as indoor activity parks where a system needs to run unattended and without any wearable components. Our system extends embodied interaction beyond traditional bipedal or controller-based systems, demonstrating how natural limb movements can generate responsive and immersive quadrupedal motion within virtual environments. We conducted a user study (N=15) and utilized Reflexive Thematic Analysis (RTA) to evaluate the system's intuitiveness, control, and overall player experience. The findings validate that natural body movements effectively control the avatar while delivering an intense core workout. Notably, gameplay immersion masked physical exertion, allowing rigorous core training to be primarily perceived as play.", "This paper introduces the Data-Driven Animation Controller (DDAC), a specialized Godot component that achieves robust decoupling of animation logic from core gameplay scripts through a data-driven approach. Animation control is typically centralized and imperatively defined within core character scripts, often relying on implicit Finite State Machines (FSMs). This practice leads to tightly coupled and difficult-to-maintain codebases. The DDAC component externalizes these instructions into easily inspector-editable resources, effectively making the animation logic declarative. Rules are defined by reading Conditions from any variable on any external node and executing Actions (setting the target animation). The DDAC also manages secondary visual state settings, such as Animation Speed Scaling and Horizontal/Vertical Sprite Flipping, using the same simple rule-based setup. The highest contribution of this work is the use of a Prioritized Resolution Algorithm to enforce mutual exclusion, ensuring that when multiple rules match, only the highest-priority rule executes. This framework allows designers to quickly iterate on character-state visualization without modifying code, while significantly improving maintainability and reducing cognitive load on core developers."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_games_2c4f28799927", "question": {"delta_files": ["513c49f8baa71f54.pdf", "3bf76a799aaeab64.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/513c49f8baa71f54.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/3bf76a799aaeab64.txt"], "object": "1cbe9a8ab0d988e5.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"1cbe9a8ab0d988e5.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "1cbe9a8ab0d988e5"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Evaluating badminton performance often requires expert coaching, which is rarely accessible for amateur players. We present adminSense, a smartwatch-based system for fine-grained badminton performance analysis using wearable sensing. Through interviews with experienced badminton players, we identified four system design requirements with three implementation insights that guide the development of BadminSense. We then collected a badminton strokes dataset on 12 experienced badminton amateurs and annotated it with fine-grained labels, including stroke type, expert-assessed stroke rating, and shuttle impact location. Built on this dataset, BadminSense segments and classifies strokes, predicts stroke quality, and estimates shuttle impact location using vibration signal from an off-the-shelf smartwatch. Our evaluations show that", "B": "Evaluating badminton performance often requires expert coaching, which is rarely accessible for amateur players. We present BadminSense, a smartwatch-based system for fine-grained badminton performance analysis using wearable sensing. Through interviews with experienced badminton players, we identified four system design requirements with three implementation insights that guide the development of BadminSense. We then collected a badminton strokes dataset on 12 experienced badminton amateurs and annotated it with fine-grained labels, including stroke type, expert-assessed stroke rating, and shuttle impact location. Built on this dataset, BadminSense segments and classifies strokes, predicts stroke quality, and estimates shuttle impact location using vibration signal from an off-the-shelf smartwatch. Our evaluations show that BadminSense achieves a stroke classification accuracy of 91.43%, an average quality rating error of 0.438, and an average impact location estimation error of 12.9%. A real-world usability study further demonstrates BadminSense's potential to provide reliable and meaningful support for daily badminton practice."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["d9a1f866700647ac.pdf", "0e9bee9be0cf79d1.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/d9a1f866700647ac.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/0e9bee9be0cf79d1.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "games", "dossier": "f89ca178eae847ec", "gold_index": {"A": 3, "B": 2}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Clinical decision support is moving toward committees of language-model agents deliberating on a shared workspace. We ask whether such committees can be gamed by shortcuts, cues a benchmark rewards but a clinician would ignore. Across seven cohorts on six public datasets spanning text (MedQA-USMLE, MedMCQA, MIMIC-CXR reports), imaging (NIH ChestX-ray14, MIMIC-CXR-JPG, CheXpert) and tabular ICU records (SUPPORT2), Gemini committees resist these cues in isolation (flip 5-16%), yet a socially plausible shortcut spreads: when two peers assert the same wrong answer, the holdout under test adopts it in 38% of cases, as does a false \"pre-screen\" system flag, on both capability tiers. Of three oversight agents, a gate cannot separate adoption from honest agreement (false-positive rate 100%); a same-lineage judge reading only the transcript flags adoption on text (precision 100%, recall 93%) but collapses onto the gate in imaging; a referee that privately re-queries the holdout transfers to imaging (77-88% precision, 13-21% false-positive rate). Tripling a cue's visual salience does not move contagion, whereas a second peer voice raises it by half again. Gaming a hidden rubric is near-silent: only 1/10 text and 1/134 imaging drifters name the rubric they moved toward. What games a committee is social plausibility, and only a referee independent of self-report catches it. Code: https://github.com/criticaldata/benchmaxxing", "As complex societal issues continue to emerge, fostering democratic skills like valuing diverse perspectives and collaborative decision-making is increasingly vital in education. In this paper, we propose a Peer Agent (PA) system designed to simulate a deliberative conversational partner that induces socio-cognitive conflict within dilemma-based game play. Drawing on by the Inner Thoughts framework and grounded in value-sensitive discourse analysis, the PA actively participates in voice-based multi-party deliberation with human players. The system architecture consists of five core modules: Context Interpreter, Agent State Manager, Thought Generator, Thought Evaluator, and Thought Articulator.", "Evaluating badminton performance often requires expert coaching, which is rarely accessible for amateur players. We present BadminSense, a smartwatch-based system for fine-grained badminton performance analysis using wearable sensing. Through interviews with experienced badminton players, we identified four system design requirements with three implementation insights that guide the development of BadminSense. We then collected a badminton strokes dataset on 12 experienced badminton amateurs and annotated it with fine-grained labels, including stroke type, expert-assessed stroke rating, and shuttle impact location. Built on this dataset, BadminSense segments and classifies strokes, predicts stroke quality, and estimates shuttle impact location using vibration signal from an off-the-shelf smartwatch. Our evaluations show that BadminSense achieves a stroke classification accuracy of 91.43%, an average quality rating error of 0.438, and an average impact location estimation error of 12.9%. A real-world usability study further demonstrates BadminSense's potential to provide reliable and meaningful support for daily badminton practice.", "Evaluating badminton performance often requires expert coaching, which is rarely accessible for amateur players. We present adminSense, a smartwatch-based system for fine-grained badminton performance analysis using wearable sensing. Through interviews with experienced badminton players, we identified four system design requirements with three implementation insights that guide the development of BadminSense. We then collected a badminton strokes dataset on 12 experienced badminton amateurs and annotated it with fine-grained labels, including stroke type, expert-assessed stroke rating, and shuttle impact location. Built on this dataset, BadminSense segments and classifies strokes, predicts stroke quality, and estimates shuttle impact location using vibration signal from an off-the-shelf smartwatch. Our evaluations show that"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_games_36f5b3233c41", "question": {"delta_files": ["d9a1f866700647ac.pdf", "0e9bee9be0cf79d1.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/d9a1f866700647ac.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/0e9bee9be0cf79d1.txt"], "object": "f89ca178eae847ec.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"f89ca178eae847ec.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "f89ca178eae847ec"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Exploring Human Quadruped Locomotion for Exergames", "B": "Become the Beast: Exploring Human-Quadruped Locomotion for Exergames"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["513c49f8baa71f54.pdf", "3bf76a799aaeab64.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/513c49f8baa71f54.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/3bf76a799aaeab64.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "games", "dossier": "1cbe9a8ab0d988e5", "gold_index": {"A": 3, "B": 0}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Become the Beast: Exploring Human-Quadruped Locomotion for Exergames", "Scoping Review: Mental Health XR Games at ISMAR, IEEEVR, & TVCG", "Universality in Collective Intelligence on the Rubik's Cube", "Exploring Human Quadruped Locomotion for Exergames"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_games_a43adf5bf166", "question": {"delta_files": ["513c49f8baa71f54.pdf", "3bf76a799aaeab64.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/513c49f8baa71f54.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/3bf76a799aaeab64.txt"], "object": "1cbe9a8ab0d988e5.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"1cbe9a8ab0d988e5.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_title", "unit": "1cbe9a8ab0d988e5"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Flow Models for Unbounded and Geometry-Aware Distributional Reinforcement Learning", "B": "Parameter-Efficient Distributional RL via Normalizing Flows and a Geometry-Aware Cramér Surrogate"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["c8bbc420d670b971.pdf", "0cee6b5db863545c.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/c8bbc420d670b971.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/0cee6b5db863545c.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "games", "dossier": "4507cfc4fd65528b", "gold_index": {"A": 2, "B": 0}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Parameter-Efficient Distributional RL via Normalizing Flows and a Geometry-Aware Cramér Surrogate", "Knowledge Retrieval in LLM Gaming: A Shift from Entity-Centric to Goal-Oriented Graphs", "Flow Models for Unbounded and Geometry-Aware Distributional Reinforcement Learning", "LieCraft: A Multi-Agent Framework for Evaluating Deceptive Capabilities in Language Models"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_games_a3e8c3541aca", "question": {"delta_files": ["c8bbc420d670b971.pdf", "0cee6b5db863545c.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/c8bbc420d670b971.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/0cee6b5db863545c.txt"], "object": "4507cfc4fd65528b.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"4507cfc4fd65528b.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_title", "unit": "4507cfc4fd65528b"}
+{"answer": {"A": "How Can I Publish My LLM Benchmark Without Giving the True Answers Away?", "B": "CapBencher: Give Your LLM Benchmark a Built-in Alarm for Test-Set Overfitting"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["61cb45b6a70f74ea.pdf", "410c332246024b91.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/61cb45b6a70f74ea.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/410c332246024b91.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "games", "dossier": "2584900e9ce15ff6", "gold_index": {"A": 1, "B": 2}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Vision-Zero: Scalable VLM Self-Improvement via Strategic Gamified Self-Play", "How Can I Publish My LLM Benchmark Without Giving the True Answers Away?", "CapBencher: Give Your LLM Benchmark a Built-in Alarm for Test-Set Overfitting", "Measuring Real-World Prompt Injection Attacks in LLM-based Resume Screening"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_games_2478d1cff7e4", "question": {"delta_files": ["61cb45b6a70f74ea.pdf", "410c332246024b91.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/61cb45b6a70f74ea.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/410c332246024b91.txt"], "object": "2584900e9ce15ff6.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"2584900e9ce15ff6.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_title", "unit": "2584900e9ce15ff6"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Human-aligned AI is a critical component of co-creativity, as it enables models to accurately interpret human intent and generate controllable outputs that align with design goals in collaborative content creation. This direction is especially relevant in procedural content generation via reinforcement learning (PCGRL), which is intended to serve as a tool for human designers. However, existing systems often fall short of exhibiting human-centered behavior, limiting the practical utility of AI-driven generation tools in real-world design workflows. In this paper, we propose VIPCGRL (Vision-Instruction PCGRL), a novel deep reinforcement learning framework that incorporates three modalities-text, level, and sketches-to extend control modality and enhance human-likeness. We introduce a shared embedding space trained via quadruple contrastive learning across modalities and human-AI styles, and align the policy using an auxiliary reward based on embedding similarity. Experimental results show that VIPCGRL outperforms existing baselines in human-likeness, as validated by both quantitative metrics and human evaluations. The code and dataset will be available upon publication.", "B": "Human-aligned AI is a critical component of co-creativity, as it enables models to accurately interpret human intent and generate controllable outputs that align with design goals in collaborative content creation. This direction is especially relevant in procedural content generation via reinforcement learning (PCGRL), which is intended to serve as a tool for human designers. However, existing systems often fall short of exhibiting human-centered behavior, limiting the practical utility of AI-driven generation tools in real-world design workflows. In this paper, we propose VIPCGRL (Vision-Instruction PCGRL), a novel deep reinforcement learning framework that incorporates three modalities-text, level, and sketches-to extend control modality and enhance human-likeness. We introduce a shared embedding space trained via quadruple contrastive learning across modalities and human-AI styles, and align the policy using an auxiliary reward based on embedding similarity. Experimental results show that VIPCGRL outperforms existing baselines in human-likeness, as validated by both quantitative metrics and human evaluations. The code and dataset are available at https://github.com/bic4907/VIPCGRL."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["d15e207ba3b68a62.pdf", "ce41d154ca4086f3.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/d15e207ba3b68a62.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/ce41d154ca4086f3.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "games", "dossier": "767ab0cbcb6e5d1a", "gold_index": {"A": 3, "B": 0}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Human-aligned AI is a critical component of co-creativity, as it enables models to accurately interpret human intent and generate controllable outputs that align with design goals in collaborative content creation. This direction is especially relevant in procedural content generation via reinforcement learning (PCGRL), which is intended to serve as a tool for human designers. However, existing systems often fall short of exhibiting human-centered behavior, limiting the practical utility of AI-driven generation tools in real-world design workflows. In this paper, we propose VIPCGRL (Vision-Instruction PCGRL), a novel deep reinforcement learning framework that incorporates three modalities-text, level, and sketches-to extend control modality and enhance human-likeness. We introduce a shared embedding space trained via quadruple contrastive learning across modalities and human-AI styles, and align the policy using an auxiliary reward based on embedding similarity. Experimental results show that VIPCGRL outperforms existing baselines in human-likeness, as validated by both quantitative metrics and human evaluations. The code and dataset are available at https://github.com/bic4907/VIPCGRL.", "Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive general capabilities but often struggle with step-by-step reasoning, especially in complex applications such as games. While retrieval-augmented methods like GraphRAG attempt to bridge this gap through cross-document extraction and indexing, their fragmented entity-relation graphs and overly dense local connectivity hinder the construction of coherent reasoning. In this paper, we propose a novel framework based on Goal-Oriented Graphs (GoGs), where each node represents a goal and its associated attributes, and edges encode logical dependencies between goals. This structure enables explicit retrieval of reasoning paths by first identifying high-level goals and recursively retrieving their subgoals, forming coherent reasoning chains to guide LLM prompting. Our method significantly enhances the reasoning ability of LLMs in game-playing tasks, as demonstrated by extensive experiments on the Minecraft testbed, outperforming GraphRAG and other baselines.", "Although computer-use agents (CUAs) hold significant potential to automate increasingly complex OS workflows, they can demonstrate unsafe unintended behaviors that deviate from expected outcomes even under benign input contexts. However, exploration of this risk remains largely anecdotal, lacking concrete characterization and automated methods to proactively surface long-tail unintended behaviors under realistic CUA scenarios. To fill this gap, we introduce the first conceptual and methodological framework for unintended CUA behaviors, by defining their key characteristics, automatically eliciting them, and analyzing how they arise from benign inputs. We propose AutoElicit: an agentic framework that iteratively perturbs benign instructions using CUA execution feedback, and elicits severe harms while keeping perturbations realistic and benign. Using AutoElicit, we surface hundreds of harmful unintended behaviors from state-of-the-art CUAs such as Claude 4.5 Haiku, Claude 4.5 Opus, and Operator. We further evaluate the transferability of human-verified successful perturbations, identifying persistent susceptibility to unintended behaviors across various other frontier CUAs. This work establishes a foundation for systematically analyzing unintended behaviors in realistic computer-use settings.", "Human-aligned AI is a critical component of co-creativity, as it enables models to accurately interpret human intent and generate controllable outputs that align with design goals in collaborative content creation. This direction is especially relevant in procedural content generation via reinforcement learning (PCGRL), which is intended to serve as a tool for human designers. However, existing systems often fall short of exhibiting human-centered behavior, limiting the practical utility of AI-driven generation tools in real-world design workflows. In this paper, we propose VIPCGRL (Vision-Instruction PCGRL), a novel deep reinforcement learning framework that incorporates three modalities-text, level, and sketches-to extend control modality and enhance human-likeness. We introduce a shared embedding space trained via quadruple contrastive learning across modalities and human-AI styles, and align the policy using an auxiliary reward based on embedding similarity. Experimental results show that VIPCGRL outperforms existing baselines in human-likeness, as validated by both quantitative metrics and human evaluations. The code and dataset will be available upon publication."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_games_46227fa4b096", "question": {"delta_files": ["d15e207ba3b68a62.pdf", "ce41d154ca4086f3.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/d15e207ba3b68a62.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/ce41d154ca4086f3.txt"], "object": "767ab0cbcb6e5d1a.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"767ab0cbcb6e5d1a.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "767ab0cbcb6e5d1a"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Knowledge Retrieval in LLM Gaming: A Shift from Entity-Centric to Goal-Oriented Graphs", "B": "From Entity-Centric to Goal-Oriented Graphs: Enhancing LLM Knowledge Retrieval in Minecraft"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["1d588267cf7bd2a3.pdf", "427e92fc71d10cc8.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/1d588267cf7bd2a3.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/427e92fc71d10cc8.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "games", "dossier": "a6675c800b434f72", "gold_index": {"A": 3, "B": 1}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["How Can I Publish My LLM Benchmark Without Giving the True Answers Away?", "From Entity-Centric to Goal-Oriented Graphs: Enhancing LLM Knowledge Retrieval in Minecraft", "Enriching physical-virtual interaction in AR gaming by tracking identical objects via an egocentric partial observation frame", "Knowledge Retrieval in LLM Gaming: A Shift from Entity-Centric to Goal-Oriented Graphs"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_games_ce398b151f89", "question": {"delta_files": ["1d588267cf7bd2a3.pdf", "427e92fc71d10cc8.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/1d588267cf7bd2a3.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/427e92fc71d10cc8.txt"], "object": "a6675c800b434f72.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"a6675c800b434f72.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_title", "unit": "a6675c800b434f72"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive general capabilities but often struggle with step-by-step reasoning, especially in complex applications such as games. While retrieval-augmented methods like GraphRAG attempt to bridge this gap through cross-document extraction and indexing, their fragmented entity-relation graphs and overly dense local connectivity hinder the construction of coherent reasoning. In this paper, we propose a novel framework based on Goal-Oriented Graphs (GoGs), where each node represents a goal and its associated attributes, and edges encode logical dependencies between goals. This structure enables explicit retrieval of reasoning paths by first identifying high-level goals and recursively retrieving their subgoals, forming coherent reasoning chains to guide LLM prompting. Our method significantly enhances the reasoning ability of LLMs in game-playing tasks, as demonstrated by extensive experiments on the Minecraft testbed, outperforming GraphRAG and other baselines.", "B": "Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive general capabilities but often struggle with step-by-step procedural reasoning, a critical challenge in complex interactive environments. While retrieval-augmented methods like GraphRAG attempt to bridge this gap, their fragmented entity-relation graphs hinder the construction of coherent, multi-step plans. In this paper, we propose a novel framework based on Goal-Oriented Graphs (GoGs), where each node represents a goal and edges encode logical dependencies between them. This structure enables the explicit retrieval of causal reasoning paths by identifying a high-level goal and recursively retrieving its prerequisites, forming a coherent chain to guide the LLM. Through extensive experiments on the Minecraft testbed, a domain that demands robust multi-step planning and provides rich procedural knowledge, we demonstrate that GoG substantially improves procedural reasoning and significantly outperforms GraphRAG and other state-of-the-art baselines."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["1d588267cf7bd2a3.pdf", "427e92fc71d10cc8.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/1d588267cf7bd2a3.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/427e92fc71d10cc8.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "games", "dossier": "a6675c800b434f72", "gold_index": {"A": 3, "B": 2}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["We consider the following two-player game: using observational data, the leader chooses a prediction function for a response variable $Y$ from given covariates. The follower then reacts with an intervention on some covariates in the underlying structural causal model to maximize their own objective. The leader knows the intervention targets, but may have limited knowledge of the follower's objective. We call this setup a prediction-intervention game, a special case of a Stackelberg game. Finding an optimal strategy for the leader is generally difficult. To avoid severe performance loss, the leader may base their prediction on the causal parents of $Y$, or more generally on an invariant subset of covariates. We prove, for two common classes of follower objectives, that predictors based on the stable blanket, a specific invariant subset, are always better or as good as those based on the causal parents. We further upper bound the leader's post-intervention risk by a worst-case risk over allowed interventions and strengthen existing distribution generalization results to analyze this bound: we give sufficient conditions under which stable-blanket predictors are worst-case optimal, and show by examples that these conditions cannot in general be dropped. Finally, we discuss practical strategies for settings with known and unknown graph, and test them on simulated and real-world data.", "Board games have long served as complex decision-making benchmarks in artificial intelligence. In this field, search-based reinforcement learning methods such as AlphaZero have achieved remarkable success. However, their significant computational demands have been pointed out as barriers to their reproducibility. In this study, we propose a model-free reinforcement learning algorithm designed for board games to achieve more efficient learning. To validate the efficiency of the proposed method, we conducted comprehensive experiments on five board games: Animal Shogi, Gardner Chess, Go, Hex, and Othello. The results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves more efficient learning than existing methods across these environments. In addition, our extensive ablation study shows the importance of core techniques used in the proposed method. We believe that our efficient algorithm shows the potential of model-free reinforcement learning in domains traditionally dominated by search-based methods.", "Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive general capabilities but often struggle with step-by-step procedural reasoning, a critical challenge in complex interactive environments. While retrieval-augmented methods like GraphRAG attempt to bridge this gap, their fragmented entity-relation graphs hinder the construction of coherent, multi-step plans. In this paper, we propose a novel framework based on Goal-Oriented Graphs (GoGs), where each node represents a goal and edges encode logical dependencies between them. This structure enables the explicit retrieval of causal reasoning paths by identifying a high-level goal and recursively retrieving its prerequisites, forming a coherent chain to guide the LLM. Through extensive experiments on the Minecraft testbed, a domain that demands robust multi-step planning and provides rich procedural knowledge, we demonstrate that GoG substantially improves procedural reasoning and significantly outperforms GraphRAG and other state-of-the-art baselines.", "Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive general capabilities but often struggle with step-by-step reasoning, especially in complex applications such as games. While retrieval-augmented methods like GraphRAG attempt to bridge this gap through cross-document extraction and indexing, their fragmented entity-relation graphs and overly dense local connectivity hinder the construction of coherent reasoning. In this paper, we propose a novel framework based on Goal-Oriented Graphs (GoGs), where each node represents a goal and its associated attributes, and edges encode logical dependencies between goals. This structure enables explicit retrieval of reasoning paths by first identifying high-level goals and recursively retrieving their subgoals, forming coherent reasoning chains to guide LLM prompting. Our method significantly enhances the reasoning ability of LLMs in game-playing tasks, as demonstrated by extensive experiments on the Minecraft testbed, outperforming GraphRAG and other baselines."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_games_8b6c9c10940e", "question": {"delta_files": ["1d588267cf7bd2a3.pdf", "427e92fc71d10cc8.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/1d588267cf7bd2a3.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/427e92fc71d10cc8.txt"], "object": "a6675c800b434f72.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"a6675c800b434f72.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "a6675c800b434f72"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Large language models exhibit innate behavioral tendencies when deployed as strategic agents -- notably a risk-averse \"turtle\" bias toward defensive play. We show that symbolic reasoning frameworks, injected as per-round reflective prompts into one agent, differentially modulate this bias and reshape the multi-agent ecosystem to produce framework-specific winner distributions. In a 7-player Warring States Diplomacy variant (41 games, 4 conditions, single-campaign memory accumulation), each framework produces a distinct ecosystem signature: under control, Yan dominates (7/11, 64%); under I-Ching yarrow divination, Yan and Chu co-dominate while Qin is completely suppressed (0/10); under Tarot, Qin dominates (5/10, Fisher vs. pooled p = 0.006); under scrambled-text ablation (incoherent oracle text preserving prompt structure), Qi dominates (5/10, Fisher vs. pooled p = 0.006). The framework-receiving agent (Han) never wins and shows no survival difference across conditions (Fisher p = 1.0), but Tarot consistently elevates Han's peak territory (mean 3.0 SCs vs. 2.1-2.5 others, Kruskal-Wallis p = 0.010). Neither framework's content predicts subsequent actions -- hexagram themes (chi-squared p = 0.95) and Tarot card postures (chi-squared p = 0.69) are both independent of action choice -- suggesting the modulation operates through the reflective process, not content-following. We present this as an observation paper establishing that alignment-framework choice at the agent level produces distinctive system-level consequences in multi-agent settings.", "B": "Large language models exhibit a risk-averse \"turtle\" bias as strategic agents. We show that injecting a symbolic reasoning framework as a per-round reflective prompt into one agent acts as a small perturbation whose consequences are not per-decision but emergent: the agent's risk posture is unchanged in isolation, yet over a campaign of accumulating memory and multi-agent interaction the conditions settle into distinct, condition-associated winner ecosystems. In a 7-player Warring States Diplomacy variant (61 games, 6 conditions), the winner distribution differs sharply across the four primary conditions (41 games; permutation omnibus p approximately 0.001): control -> Yan (7/11); I-Ching yarrow -> Yan/Chu co-dominance with Qin fully suppressed (0/10); Tarot -> Qin (5/10); scrambled-text ablation -> Qi (5/10). The scrambled->Qi attractor is robust (vs. pooled and control alone, p = 0.006 and 0.012); tarot->Qin is denominator-dependent (0.006 pooled, 0.064 vs. control). Han never wins and shows no survival difference (Fisher p = 1.0); neither framework's content predicts actions (chi-squared p = 0.95 hexagram, 0.69 Tarot). A memory-free decision-isolation probe (960 calls) shows the process does not change the agent's risk posture in isolation (Friedman p = 0.45; I-Ching p = 0.60; Tarot perturbs move content but not risk, p = 0.021). A 2x2 factorial separating yarrow's decision-time and learning-time components reveals a non-additive interaction: each alone freezes the board (50-60% stalemates), combined they produce zero (permutation p ~ 5e-5). Testing relocates Qin suppression to rival (Chu) expansion governed by campaign memory depth, not the oracle (p = 0.55). We present this as an observation paper: agent-level framework choice produces distinctive, non-additive system-level consequences, transmitted through emergent memory and multi-agent dynamics, not per-decision effects."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["5da82a8a9b082876.pdf", "3591a664e08087c2.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/5da82a8a9b082876.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/3591a664e08087c2.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "games", "dossier": "1722f79880588df2", "gold_index": {"A": 2, "B": 3}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Large language models can synthesize a game's rules as executable code - a Code World Model (CWM) - which a classical planner then searches over. Such models are typically accepted when they reach high transition accuracy on sampled trajectories. We argue this is the wrong notion of adequacy for planning. We show four things. (1) An LLM-synthesized CWM can pass a sampling gate at 100% transition accuracy and be $\\geq 98\\%$ state-accurate on the planner's own search distribution, yet lose systematically at play, because the $<1\\%$ it gets wrong is exactly the pivotal dynamics; the play cost of the omitted rule is $0.091$ (seed-clustered 95% CI $[0.065,0.117]$, $n=4800$). We call this the verified-vs-correct gap, and confirm it end-to-end through the synthesis pipeline. (2) The harm follows a quantitative law, $\\mathrm{danger}=\\mathrm{play\\_cost}\\times(1-\\mathrm{rarity})^N$, whose $(1-\\mathrm{rarity})^N$ gate-miss factor is proven exact and whose play cost is empirically bounded. (3) The failure is not repaired by more data: LLM synthesis behaves as rule translation, not rule inference, and did not infer the omitted rule across models (GPT-5.x) and data regimes (including DAgger and targeted examples). (4) The same mechanism recurs on the belief-inference function of imperfect-information CWMs: we prove a coverage bound (a size-$N$ gate is identifying when $N\\gtrsim b^{d_{\\max}}$), explaining why shallow games such as Kuhn poker show no gap, and hand-construct Beacon, a verified-but-wrong inference function that passes the gate yet loses every game. These results suggest adequacy for planning-oriented world models should be measured on the search distribution or by play directly, not by prediction accuracy on sampled transitions.", "Although computer-use agents (CUAs) hold significant potential to automate increasingly complex OS workflows, they can demonstrate unsafe unintended behaviors that deviate from expected outcomes even under benign input contexts. However, exploration of this risk remains largely anecdotal, lacking concrete characterization and automated methods to proactively surface long-tail unintended behaviors under realistic CUA scenarios. To fill this gap, we introduce the first conceptual and methodological framework for unintended CUA behaviors, by defining their key characteristics, automatically eliciting them, and analyzing how they arise from benign inputs. We propose AutoElicit: an agentic framework that iteratively perturbs benign instructions using CUA execution feedback, and elicits severe harms while keeping perturbations realistic and benign. Using AutoElicit, we surface hundreds of harmful unintended behaviors from state-of-the-art CUAs such as Claude 4.5 Haiku and Opus. We further evaluate the transferability of human-verified successful perturbations, identifying persistent susceptibility to unintended behaviors across various other frontier CUAs. This work establishes a foundation for systematically analyzing unintended behaviors in realistic computer-use settings.", "Large language models exhibit innate behavioral tendencies when deployed as strategic agents -- notably a risk-averse \"turtle\" bias toward defensive play. We show that symbolic reasoning frameworks, injected as per-round reflective prompts into one agent, differentially modulate this bias and reshape the multi-agent ecosystem to produce framework-specific winner distributions. In a 7-player Warring States Diplomacy variant (41 games, 4 conditions, single-campaign memory accumulation), each framework produces a distinct ecosystem signature: under control, Yan dominates (7/11, 64%); under I-Ching yarrow divination, Yan and Chu co-dominate while Qin is completely suppressed (0/10); under Tarot, Qin dominates (5/10, Fisher vs. pooled p = 0.006); under scrambled-text ablation (incoherent oracle text preserving prompt structure), Qi dominates (5/10, Fisher vs. pooled p = 0.006). The framework-receiving agent (Han) never wins and shows no survival difference across conditions (Fisher p = 1.0), but Tarot consistently elevates Han's peak territory (mean 3.0 SCs vs. 2.1-2.5 others, Kruskal-Wallis p = 0.010). Neither framework's content predicts subsequent actions -- hexagram themes (chi-squared p = 0.95) and Tarot card postures (chi-squared p = 0.69) are both independent of action choice -- suggesting the modulation operates through the reflective process, not content-following. We present this as an observation paper establishing that alignment-framework choice at the agent level produces distinctive system-level consequences in multi-agent settings.", "Large language models exhibit a risk-averse \"turtle\" bias as strategic agents. We show that injecting a symbolic reasoning framework as a per-round reflective prompt into one agent acts as a small perturbation whose consequences are not per-decision but emergent: the agent's risk posture is unchanged in isolation, yet over a campaign of accumulating memory and multi-agent interaction the conditions settle into distinct, condition-associated winner ecosystems. In a 7-player Warring States Diplomacy variant (61 games, 6 conditions), the winner distribution differs sharply across the four primary conditions (41 games; permutation omnibus p approximately 0.001): control -> Yan (7/11); I-Ching yarrow -> Yan/Chu co-dominance with Qin fully suppressed (0/10); Tarot -> Qin (5/10); scrambled-text ablation -> Qi (5/10). The scrambled->Qi attractor is robust (vs. pooled and control alone, p = 0.006 and 0.012); tarot->Qin is denominator-dependent (0.006 pooled, 0.064 vs. control). Han never wins and shows no survival difference (Fisher p = 1.0); neither framework's content predicts actions (chi-squared p = 0.95 hexagram, 0.69 Tarot). A memory-free decision-isolation probe (960 calls) shows the process does not change the agent's risk posture in isolation (Friedman p = 0.45; I-Ching p = 0.60; Tarot perturbs move content but not risk, p = 0.021). A 2x2 factorial separating yarrow's decision-time and learning-time components reveals a non-additive interaction: each alone freezes the board (50-60% stalemates), combined they produce zero (permutation p ~ 5e-5). Testing relocates Qin suppression to rival (Chu) expansion governed by campaign memory depth, not the oracle (p = 0.55). We present this as an observation paper: agent-level framework choice produces distinctive, non-additive system-level consequences, transmitted through emergent memory and multi-agent dynamics, not per-decision effects."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_games_ca63f1a703ac", "question": {"delta_files": ["5da82a8a9b082876.pdf", "3591a664e08087c2.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/5da82a8a9b082876.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/3591a664e08087c2.txt"], "object": "1722f79880588df2.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"1722f79880588df2.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "1722f79880588df2"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Normative Equivalence in Human-AI Cooperation: Behaviour, Not Identity, Drives Cooperation in Mixed-Agent Groups", "B": "Bounded Normative Equivalence in Human-AI Cooperation: Group Behaviour, Not Partner Labels, Predicts Cooperation under Anonymous Aggregate Feedback"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["dfe98fc45855d8c8.pdf", "d5c744cddc356b74.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/dfe98fc45855d8c8.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/d5c744cddc356b74.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "games", "dossier": "928833b2b8efe515", "gold_index": {"A": 0, "B": 1}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Normative Equivalence in Human-AI Cooperation: Behaviour, Not Identity, Drives Cooperation in Mixed-Agent Groups", "Bounded Normative Equivalence in Human-AI Cooperation: Group Behaviour, Not Partner Labels, Predicts Cooperation under Anonymous Aggregate Feedback", "Beyond Value Elicitation: Towards Moral Profiles in Early Requirements Engineering via Role-Playing Games and Anthropologist LLMs", "Enriching physical-virtual interaction in AR gaming by tracking identical objects via an egocentric partial observation frame"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_games_e34aa9f04d41", "question": {"delta_files": ["dfe98fc45855d8c8.pdf", "d5c744cddc356b74.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/dfe98fc45855d8c8.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/d5c744cddc356b74.txt"], "object": "928833b2b8efe515.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"928833b2b8efe515.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_title", "unit": "928833b2b8efe515"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Ruofei Du; Benjamin Hersh; David Li; Nels Numan; Xun Qian; Yanhe Chen; Zhongyi Zhou; Xingyue Chen; Jiahao Ren; Robert Timothy Bettridge; Steve Toh; David Kim", "B": "Ruofei Du; Benjamin Hersh; David Li; Nels Numan; Xun Qian; Yanhe Chen; Zhongyi Zhou; Xingyue Chen; Jiahao Ren; Robert Timothy Bettridge; Xiang 'Anthony' Chen; Faraz Faruqi; Steve Toh; David Kim"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["7e1e3b0177c82c8f.pdf", "013b05ebcb4a3628.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/7e1e3b0177c82c8f.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/013b05ebcb4a3628.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "games", "dossier": "f427825de0e1d620", "gold_index": {"A": 2, "B": 1}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Parth Asawa; Christopher M. Glaze; Gabriel Orlanski; Ramya Ramakrishnan; Benji Xu; Asim Biswal; Vincent Sunn Chen; Frederic Sala; Matei Zaharia; Joseph E. Gonzalez", "Ruofei Du; Benjamin Hersh; David Li; Nels Numan; Xun Qian; Yanhe Chen; Zhongyi Zhou; Xingyue Chen; Jiahao Ren; Robert Timothy Bettridge; Xiang 'Anthony' Chen; Faraz Faruqi; Steve Toh; David Kim", "Ruofei Du; Benjamin Hersh; David Li; Nels Numan; Xun Qian; Yanhe Chen; Zhongyi Zhou; Xingyue Chen; Jiahao Ren; Robert Timothy Bettridge; Steve Toh; David Kim", "Tu Trinh; Mohamed Elfeki; Guangze Luo; Kelvin Luu; Nathan Hunt; Ernesto Hernandez; Nandan Marwaha; Yannis Yiming He; Charles Wang; Fernando Carabedo; Alessa Castillo; Bing Liu"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_games_197c213ffb88", "question": {"delta_files": ["7e1e3b0177c82c8f.pdf", "013b05ebcb4a3628.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/7e1e3b0177c82c8f.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/013b05ebcb4a3628.txt"], "object": "f427825de0e1d620.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "Who is in the author list of the PDF document \"f427825de0e1d620.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_author_list", "unit": "f427825de0e1d620"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Shamit Ahmed; Perttu Hämäläinen", "B": "Shamit Ahmed; Prabhav Bhatnagar; Perttu Hämäläinen"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["513c49f8baa71f54.pdf", "3bf76a799aaeab64.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/513c49f8baa71f54.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/3bf76a799aaeab64.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "games", "dossier": "1cbe9a8ab0d988e5", "gold_index": {"A": 1, "B": 0}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Shamit Ahmed; Prabhav Bhatnagar; Perttu Hämäläinen", "Shamit Ahmed; Perttu Hämäläinen", "Yifeng He; Yinzhe Zhao; Jicheng Wang; Hao Chen", "Mai Pham; Vikrant Vaze; Peter Chin"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_games_d1ca22be3675", "question": {"delta_files": ["513c49f8baa71f54.pdf", "3bf76a799aaeab64.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/513c49f8baa71f54.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/3bf76a799aaeab64.txt"], "object": "1cbe9a8ab0d988e5.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "Who is listed as the author(s) of the PDF document \"1cbe9a8ab0d988e5.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_author_list", "unit": "1cbe9a8ab0d988e5"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Social Media Should Feel Like Minecraft, Not Instagram: 3D Gamer Youth Visions for Meaningful Social Connections through Fictional Inquiry", "B": "Social Media Should Feel Like Minecraft, Not Instagram: Youth Visions for Meaningful Social Connections through Fictional Inquiry"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["b9212a1a65bbaa4f.pdf", "fd09575caa002ed0.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/b9212a1a65bbaa4f.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/fd09575caa002ed0.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "games", "dossier": "30262b1c7a211acb", "gold_index": {"A": 0, "B": 2}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Social Media Should Feel Like Minecraft, Not Instagram: 3D Gamer Youth Visions for Meaningful Social Connections through Fictional Inquiry", "Improving Family Co-Play Experiences through Family-Centered Design", "Social Media Should Feel Like Minecraft, Not Instagram: Youth Visions for Meaningful Social Connections through Fictional Inquiry", "bFaaaP: An Inclusive, Head-Angle Piano-Pedal Interaction that Quantitatively Reproduces a Pianist's Intended Pedalling -- Foot-Free, for Acoustic and Electronic Pianos"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_games_f64a17ef062a", "question": {"delta_files": ["b9212a1a65bbaa4f.pdf", "fd09575caa002ed0.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/b9212a1a65bbaa4f.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/fd09575caa002ed0.txt"], "object": "30262b1c7a211acb.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"30262b1c7a211acb.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_title", "unit": "30262b1c7a211acb"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Symbolic Reasoning Frameworks Modulate LLM Risk Aversion in Multi-Agent Strategic Settings", "B": "Symbolic Reasoning Frameworks Trigger Memory-Mediated Ecosystem Dynamics in Multi-Agent LLM Systems"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["5da82a8a9b082876.pdf", "3591a664e08087c2.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/5da82a8a9b082876.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/3591a664e08087c2.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "games", "dossier": "1722f79880588df2", "gold_index": {"A": 0, "B": 1}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Symbolic Reasoning Frameworks Modulate LLM Risk Aversion in Multi-Agent Strategic Settings", "Symbolic Reasoning Frameworks Trigger Memory-Mediated Ecosystem Dynamics in Multi-Agent LLM Systems", "Knowledge Retrieval in LLM Gaming: A Shift from Entity-Centric to Goal-Oriented Graphs", "Human-Aligned Procedural Level Generation Reinforcement Learning via Text-Level-Sketch Shared Representation"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_games_49ac1057137a", "question": {"delta_files": ["5da82a8a9b082876.pdf", "3591a664e08087c2.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/5da82a8a9b082876.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/3591a664e08087c2.txt"], "object": "1722f79880588df2.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"1722f79880588df2.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_title", "unit": "1722f79880588df2"}
+{"answer": {"A": "The Metanym Game: A Self-Contained, Self-Consistent LLM Peer-Community Benchmark for Structural Intelligence", "B": "The Metanym Game: An LLM Benchmark Without Ground Truth That Rises With the Models It Measures"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["7666be85de89d4ff.pdf", "9c57c2768c8ce707.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/7666be85de89d4ff.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/9c57c2768c8ce707.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "games", "dossier": "fe9566a76c42ef47", "gold_index": {"A": 1, "B": 0}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["The Metanym Game: An LLM Benchmark Without Ground Truth That Rises With the Models It Measures", "The Metanym Game: A Self-Contained, Self-Consistent LLM Peer-Community Benchmark for Structural Intelligence", "Refresher Training through Digital and Physical, Card-Based Game for Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) and Anganwadi Workers (AWWs) in India", "Capabilities of GPT-5 across critical domains: Is it the next breakthrough?"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_games_620045a69774", "question": {"delta_files": ["7666be85de89d4ff.pdf", "9c57c2768c8ce707.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/7666be85de89d4ff.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/9c57c2768c8ce707.txt"], "object": "fe9566a76c42ef47.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"fe9566a76c42ef47.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_title", "unit": "fe9566a76c42ef47"}
+{"answer": {"A": "The metanym game is a competitive word game for LLMs that measures structural intelligence against established cognitive-science constructs. No content is given in advance; the contestants create all of it -- a new kind of analogy test, analogical production falsifiable sentence by sentence, with no fixed test set to leak into training (contamination-resistant by construction). In the council-of-peers benchmark, the contestants also rate each other's creations. We introduce the first spectral solution, to our knowledge, to the wicked problem of benchmarking LLMs' factual accuracy without golden keys or oracle models: one singular value decomposition of the evaluators' ratings matrix yields their competence as both generators and judges of true statements at once. Competence on the subjective criteria comes from each judge's rating consistency as the yardstick shifts. The factual rating correlates with GPQA Diamond at Pearson r = 0.92. Scored separately, making and judging dissociate -- judging is the scarcer skill: the strongest generators are middling judges, the sharpest judge a mid-pack generator. To scale, the strongest players form a council that does the official benchmarking; its seats are contestable -- a stronger model earns one on the benchmark's own rating. The benchmark is entirely self-contained and self-consistent, a stable gauge over time. Code and data are available at https://github.com/dnordfors/metanym-game-paper", "B": "We present evidence that analogy is at the core of LLM intelligence. In our benchmark, LLMs compete in generating sets of analogous statements and rate each other's sets on their own understandings of factual correctness, beauty, intelligence, distinctness, length, and structural diversity. Nothing enters from outside: the only given is the game rules; every item is generated in play; the scores come from the players' ratings alone. Ground truth is replaced by the SVD of the factual rating matrix, which scores players as generators and judges at once -- to our knowledge the first eigen-equation that judges the judges for an LLM council-of-peers. For subjective criteria like beauty, judges are weighted by their rating consistency. The best generators turn out to be middling judges. GPQA Diamond -- difficult multiple-choice questions written by human experts -- could not be more different in method, yet the two benchmarks correlate at Pearson $r = 0.97$, 95% CI [0.92, 0.99]; no leakage could be found. A council of the five best issues the official ratings; its contestable seats let the benchmark scale to any number of players and rise with the models it measures -- a candidate steering signal for self-improving AI. Playing interweaves at least eight constructs of intelligence; the total scores the broad composite, the components allow reductionistic analysis. Every number recomputes from a released package at https://github.com/dnordfors/metanym-game-paper"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["7666be85de89d4ff.pdf", "9c57c2768c8ce707.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/7666be85de89d4ff.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/9c57c2768c8ce707.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "games", "dossier": "fe9566a76c42ef47", "gold_index": {"A": 1, "B": 2}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Many of the websites people depend on have owners whose interests are not fully aligned with their users. We address the root of this problem by presenting a reimagining of the web where sites are not owned at all but are instead collaboratively produced like Wikipedia articles. We call the system Social$.$Wiki because it supports the co-creation of interactive social sites, such as those for microblogging, messaging, dating, gaming, ride sharing, and so on. With off-the-shelf AI tools, people with little or no programming experience can edit these sites to better reflect the needs and preferences of their communities. Social$.$Wiki builds on ideas from collaborative malleable software systems such as Webstrates, but is designed for public participation rather than use only within small, trusted groups. To this end, Social$.$Wiki includes governance to mitigate conflict. To accommodate diverse governance preferences, our model of \"plural governance\" lets people independently choose the policies that determine which edits to a site they see. Social$.$Wiki also implements a granular security model to protect personal data in a malleable environment. Complementing the decentralized design and governance of Social$.$Wiki sites, both site edits and within-site data are stored on Graffiti, a decentralized infrastructure, decoupling the ownership of underlying servers from the ownership of sites. We evaluate Social$.$Wiki through case studies that demonstrate the range of sociotechnical structures it supports, as well as through deployments at a hackathon and in the wild.", "The metanym game is a competitive word game for LLMs that measures structural intelligence against established cognitive-science constructs. No content is given in advance; the contestants create all of it -- a new kind of analogy test, analogical production falsifiable sentence by sentence, with no fixed test set to leak into training (contamination-resistant by construction). In the council-of-peers benchmark, the contestants also rate each other's creations. We introduce the first spectral solution, to our knowledge, to the wicked problem of benchmarking LLMs' factual accuracy without golden keys or oracle models: one singular value decomposition of the evaluators' ratings matrix yields their competence as both generators and judges of true statements at once. Competence on the subjective criteria comes from each judge's rating consistency as the yardstick shifts. The factual rating correlates with GPQA Diamond at Pearson r = 0.92. Scored separately, making and judging dissociate -- judging is the scarcer skill: the strongest generators are middling judges, the sharpest judge a mid-pack generator. To scale, the strongest players form a council that does the official benchmarking; its seats are contestable -- a stronger model earns one on the benchmark's own rating. The benchmark is entirely self-contained and self-consistent, a stable gauge over time. Code and data are available at https://github.com/dnordfors/metanym-game-paper", "We present evidence that analogy is at the core of LLM intelligence. In our benchmark, LLMs compete in generating sets of analogous statements and rate each other's sets on their own understandings of factual correctness, beauty, intelligence, distinctness, length, and structural diversity. Nothing enters from outside: the only given is the game rules; every item is generated in play; the scores come from the players' ratings alone. Ground truth is replaced by the SVD of the factual rating matrix, which scores players as generators and judges at once -- to our knowledge the first eigen-equation that judges the judges for an LLM council-of-peers. For subjective criteria like beauty, judges are weighted by their rating consistency. The best generators turn out to be middling judges. GPQA Diamond -- difficult multiple-choice questions written by human experts -- could not be more different in method, yet the two benchmarks correlate at Pearson $r = 0.97$, 95% CI [0.92, 0.99]; no leakage could be found. A council of the five best issues the official ratings; its contestable seats let the benchmark scale to any number of players and rise with the models it measures -- a candidate steering signal for self-improving AI. Playing interweaves at least eight constructs of intelligence; the total scores the broad composite, the components allow reductionistic analysis. Every number recomputes from a released package at https://github.com/dnordfors/metanym-game-paper", "LLMs are vulnerable to prompt injection attacks. However, this vulnerability has been primarily demonstrated conceptually in academic studies or through a few anecdotal case studies. Its prevalence and impact in real-world LLM-based applications are largely unexplored. In this work, we present the first systematic study of prompt-injection attacks in a widely used application: LLM-based resume screening. Our analysis is based on approximately 200K real-world resumes collected over multiple years by hireEZ. We first design tailored methods to detect prompt injection in resumes. Manual validation on a small-scale dataset demonstrates that our detectors achieve high precision and outperform state-of-the-art general-purpose detectors. We then apply our detector to the full resume dataset and conduct a comprehensive measurement study of real-world prompt injection attacks. Our analysis reveals several intriguing findings: approximately 1% of resumes contain hidden prompt injections; the prevalence of such injected resumes has increased noticeably over the past one to two years; and more than 90% of injected prompts do not use explicit instructions. These results provide the first evidence of large-scale prompt injection in real-world LLM-based applications and lay the groundwork for future studies to understand and mitigate such attacks."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_games_c2dec9211db4", "question": {"delta_files": ["7666be85de89d4ff.pdf", "9c57c2768c8ce707.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/7666be85de89d4ff.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/9c57c2768c8ce707.txt"], "object": "fe9566a76c42ef47.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"fe9566a76c42ef47.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "fe9566a76c42ef47"}
+{"answer": {"A": "This study investigates a novel approach to eliciting users' moral decision-making by combining immersive roleplaying games with LLM analysis capabilities. Building on the distinction introduced by Floridi between hard ethics inspiring and shaping laws-and soft ethics-moral preferences guiding individual behavior within the free space of decisions compliant to laws-we focus on capturing the latter through contextrich, narrative-driven interactions. Grounded in anthropological methods, the role-playing game exposes participants to ethically charged scenarios in the domain of digital privacy. Data collected during the sessions were interpreted by a customized LLM (\"GPT Anthropologist\"). Evaluation through a cross-validation process shows that both the richness of the data and the interpretive framing significantly enhance the model's ability to predict user behavior. Results show that LLMs can be effectively employed to automate and enhance the understanding of user moral preferences and decision-making process in the early stages of software development.", "B": "This study presents a proof of concept for eliciting and representing the moral profiles of digital system users in Requirements Engineering (RE) by combining immersive role-playing games (RPGs) with large language model (LLM) analysis. While existing approaches rely on predefined value taxonomies and explicit articulation, values are often tacit, context-dependent, and difficult to express directly. To address these limitations, we propose moving from the elicitation of discrete moral values to the narrative reconstruction and representation of users' moral profiles. Grounded in phenomenological and narrative anthropology, the approach focuses on capturing users' moral orientations as they emerge through situated decision-making. RPG sessions generate context-rich narrative data, which are then analyzed by a specialized LLM (GPT-A) to produce individual anthropological moral profiles (IAMPs). A validation process based on cross-comparison between model outputs and participants' responses in unseen moral scenarios assesses the adequacy of the generated representations. Results indicate that RPG environments effectively support the generation of rich, context-dependent data for eliciting tacit values, and that an anthropologically grounded LLM can transform such data into coherent narrative representations of users' moral profiles. These representations enable the contextual interpretation of users' preferences and values within the given domain, with improved performance when interpretive framing captures relationships between actions, underlying motivations, and individual domain expertise. From an RE perspective, this approach enables the analysis of user preferences and trade-offs while preserving their situated and dynamic nature, providing a foundation for integrating human moral values into the early stages of RE."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["ca02fb8d1ca5e6bd.pdf", "683e919df902e78e.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/ca02fb8d1ca5e6bd.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/683e919df902e78e.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "games", "dossier": "d6041b7abf1cd558", "gold_index": {"A": 2, "B": 0}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["This study presents a proof of concept for eliciting and representing the moral profiles of digital system users in Requirements Engineering (RE) by combining immersive role-playing games (RPGs) with large language model (LLM) analysis. While existing approaches rely on predefined value taxonomies and explicit articulation, values are often tacit, context-dependent, and difficult to express directly. To address these limitations, we propose moving from the elicitation of discrete moral values to the narrative reconstruction and representation of users' moral profiles. Grounded in phenomenological and narrative anthropology, the approach focuses on capturing users' moral orientations as they emerge through situated decision-making. RPG sessions generate context-rich narrative data, which are then analyzed by a specialized LLM (GPT-A) to produce individual anthropological moral profiles (IAMPs). A validation process based on cross-comparison between model outputs and participants' responses in unseen moral scenarios assesses the adequacy of the generated representations. Results indicate that RPG environments effectively support the generation of rich, context-dependent data for eliciting tacit values, and that an anthropologically grounded LLM can transform such data into coherent narrative representations of users' moral profiles. These representations enable the contextual interpretation of users' preferences and values within the given domain, with improved performance when interpretive framing captures relationships between actions, underlying motivations, and individual domain expertise. From an RE perspective, this approach enables the analysis of user preferences and trade-offs while preserving their situated and dynamic nature, providing a foundation for integrating human moral values into the early stages of RE.", "The mastery of Hijaiyah letters is a crucial foundation for reading and comprehending the Quran, yet conventional pedagogical approaches based on repetitive memorization frequently struggle to maintain the engagement of young learners in contemporary educational contexts. This research presents the design and implementation of an innovative gamification-based methodology for Hijaiyah literacy acquisition, systematically developed through the ADDIE framework (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) to optimize student motivation, participation, and educational outcomes. The resulting technological solution, engineered using Unity 2D and Firebase, strategically incorporates game design elements such as points, badges, leaderboards, and progressive leveling, while integrating multifaceted learning components including visual animations, authentic tajwid-based audio pronunciation, and interactive letter tracing exercises to simultaneously develop cognitive recognition capabilities and fine motor skills. Empirical evaluation involving 50 elementary school participants revealed substantial quantitative improvements, with mean assessment scores increasing from 42.8 to 88.6 (107% improvement, p < 0.001), demonstrating an exceptionally large effect size (Cohen's d = 4.87), complemented by strong user engagement metrics (4.2 average daily sessions) and high satisfaction ratings (4.82 out of 5 mean motivation score). Beyond cognitive learning outcomes, the gamified approach effectively fostered intrinsic Islamic values such as perseverance, responsibility, and disciplined practice, thereby establishing an innovative educational paradigm that successfully integrates traditional Islamic pedagogical principles with modern digital learning technologies to create a transformative, engaging, and meaningful framework for Hijaiyah literacy development in contemporary Islamic education.", "This study investigates a novel approach to eliciting users' moral decision-making by combining immersive roleplaying games with LLM analysis capabilities. Building on the distinction introduced by Floridi between hard ethics inspiring and shaping laws-and soft ethics-moral preferences guiding individual behavior within the free space of decisions compliant to laws-we focus on capturing the latter through contextrich, narrative-driven interactions. Grounded in anthropological methods, the role-playing game exposes participants to ethically charged scenarios in the domain of digital privacy. Data collected during the sessions were interpreted by a customized LLM (\"GPT Anthropologist\"). Evaluation through a cross-validation process shows that both the richness of the data and the interpretive framing significantly enhance the model's ability to predict user behavior. Results show that LLMs can be effectively employed to automate and enhance the understanding of user moral preferences and decision-making process in the early stages of software development.", "Defining a constructive process to build general capabilities for language models in an automatic manner is considered an open problem in artificial intelligence. Towards this, we consider the problem of building a curriculum of tasks that grows a model via relevant skill discovery. We provide a concrete framework for this task, using a family of tasks called Cross-Entropy Games, which we postulate is universal in a suitable sense. We show that if it is possible to grow the curriculum for relevant skill discovery by iterating a greedy optimization algorithm, then, under natural assumptions, there is essentially only one meta-objective possible (up to a few hyper-parameters). We call the resulting process cognitive training. We postulate that, given sufficiently capable language models as players and meta-samplers, cognitive training provides a principled way to relevant skill discovery; and hence to the extent general capabilities are achievable via greedy curriculum learning, cognitive training would be a solution."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_games_f1d33c792e91", "question": {"delta_files": ["ca02fb8d1ca5e6bd.pdf", "683e919df902e78e.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/ca02fb8d1ca5e6bd.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/683e919df902e78e.txt"], "object": "d6041b7abf1cd558.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"d6041b7abf1cd558.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "d6041b7abf1cd558"}
+{"answer": {"A": "VANGUARD: Vehicle-Anchored Ground Sample Distance Estimation for UAVs in GPS-Denied Environments", "B": "VehAnchor: Metadata-Free Metric Scale Recovery from Vehicle Cues in Aerial Imagery"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["4a363f96322f3525.pdf", "634715aa5605a5c7.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/4a363f96322f3525.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/634715aa5605a5c7.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "games", "dossier": "cca2062b93108316", "gold_index": {"A": 1, "B": 3}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Where Does AI Leave a Footprint? Children's Reasoning About AI's Environmental Costs", "VANGUARD: Vehicle-Anchored Ground Sample Distance Estimation for UAVs in GPS-Denied Environments", "Agents Catching Agents: Shortcut Cascades and Benchmark Gaming in Clinical Multi-Agent Systems", "VehAnchor: Metadata-Free Metric Scale Recovery from Vehicle Cues in Aerial Imagery"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_games_d5eabe6da584", "question": {"delta_files": ["4a363f96322f3525.pdf", "634715aa5605a5c7.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/4a363f96322f3525.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/634715aa5605a5c7.txt"], "object": "cca2062b93108316.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"cca2062b93108316.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_title", "unit": "cca2062b93108316"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Weiqiang Jin; Hongyang Du; Guizhong Liu; Dong In Kim", "B": "Weiqiang Jin; Yang Liu; Shixiang Tang; Jinhu Qi; Wentao Zhang; Junli Wang; Biao Zhao; Hongyang Du"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["0c4065368d149d57.pdf", "36d19053a7b92b33.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/0c4065368d149d57.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/36d19053a7b92b33.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "games", "dossier": "29e54524e9c54781", "gold_index": {"A": 0, "B": 3}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Weiqiang Jin; Hongyang Du; Guizhong Liu; Dong In Kim", "Lekai Chen; Alvaro Velasquez; Ashutosh Trivedi", "Haobin Qin; Baofeng Zhang; Hidehisa Akiyama; Keisuke Fujii", "Weiqiang Jin; Yang Liu; Shixiang Tang; Jinhu Qi; Wentao Zhang; Junli Wang; Biao Zhao; Hongyang Du"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_games_607d7a7b3f0c", "question": {"delta_files": ["0c4065368d149d57.pdf", "36d19053a7b92b33.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/0c4065368d149d57.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/36d19053a7b92b33.txt"], "object": "29e54524e9c54781.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "Who is the author list of the PDF document \"29e54524e9c54781.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_author_list", "unit": "29e54524e9c54781"}
+{"answer": {"A": "While large language models have accelerated software development through \"vibe coding\", prototyping intelligent Extended Reality (XR) experiences remains inaccessible due to the friction of complex game engines and low-level sensor integration. To bridge this gap, we contribute XR Blocks, an open-source, modular WebXR framework that abstracts spatial computing complexities into high-level, human-centered primitives. Building upon this foundation, we present Vibe Coding XR, an end-to-end rapid prototyping workflow that leverages LLMs to translate natural language intent directly into functional XR software. Using a web-based interface, creators can transform high-level prompts (e.g., \"create a dandelion that reacts to hand\") into interactive WebXR applications in under a minute. We provide a preliminary technical evaluation on a pilot dataset (VCXR60) alongside diverse application scenarios highlighting mixed-reality realism, multi-modal interaction, and generative AI integrations. By democratizing spatial software creation, this work empowers practitioners to bypass low-level hurdles and rapidly move from \"idea to reality.\" Code and live demos are available at https://xrblocks.github.io/gem and https://github.com/google/xrblocks.", "B": "While large language models (LLMs) have accelerated 2D software development through intent-driven \"vibe coding\", prototyping intelligent Extended Reality (XR) experiences remains a major challenge. The fundamental barrier is not just the steep learning curve for human creators, but that low-level sensor APIs and complex game engine hierarchies are ill-suited for LLM reasoning, routinely exceeding context windows and inducing syntax hallucinations. To bridge this gap, we contribute XR Blocks, an open-source, LLM-native WebXR framework. Unlike traditional engines, XR Blocks introduces a semantic \"Reality Model\" that aligns spatial computing primitives (users, physical environments, and agents) with natural language, providing a robust, concise vocabulary optimized for generative AI. Building upon this foundation, we present Vibe Coding XR, an end-to-end prototyping workflow that leverages LLMs to translate high-level prompts (e.g., \"create a dandelion that reacts to my hand\") directly into functional, physics-aware mixed-reality applications. To minimize the friction of on-device testing, the workflow introduces a seamless desktop \"simulated reality\" to headset deployment loop. Finally, we introduce VCXR60, a pilot dataset of 60 XR prompts paired with an automated evaluation pipeline. Our technical evaluation demonstrates high one-shot execution success, enabling practitioners to bypass lowlevel hurdles and rapidly move from \"idea to reality\". Code and live demos are available at https://github.com/google/xrblocks and http://xrblocks.github.io/gem."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["7e1e3b0177c82c8f.pdf", "013b05ebcb4a3628.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/7e1e3b0177c82c8f.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/013b05ebcb4a3628.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "games", "dossier": "f427825de0e1d620", "gold_index": {"A": 2, "B": 0}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["While large language models (LLMs) have accelerated 2D software development through intent-driven \"vibe coding\", prototyping intelligent Extended Reality (XR) experiences remains a major challenge. The fundamental barrier is not just the steep learning curve for human creators, but that low-level sensor APIs and complex game engine hierarchies are ill-suited for LLM reasoning, routinely exceeding context windows and inducing syntax hallucinations. To bridge this gap, we contribute XR Blocks, an open-source, LLM-native WebXR framework. Unlike traditional engines, XR Blocks introduces a semantic \"Reality Model\" that aligns spatial computing primitives (users, physical environments, and agents) with natural language, providing a robust, concise vocabulary optimized for generative AI. Building upon this foundation, we present Vibe Coding XR, an end-to-end prototyping workflow that leverages LLMs to translate high-level prompts (e.g., \"create a dandelion that reacts to my hand\") directly into functional, physics-aware mixed-reality applications. To minimize the friction of on-device testing, the workflow introduces a seamless desktop \"simulated reality\" to headset deployment loop. Finally, we introduce VCXR60, a pilot dataset of 60 XR prompts paired with an automated evaluation pipeline. Our technical evaluation demonstrates high one-shot execution success, enabling practitioners to bypass lowlevel hurdles and rapidly move from \"idea to reality\". Code and live demos are available at https://github.com/google/xrblocks and http://xrblocks.github.io/gem.", "This study investigates the psychophysiological effects of loot box interactions in video games and their potential similarities to those recorded during gambling interactions. Using electrodermal activity (EDA) measurements, the research examines player arousal during loot box interactions and explores the relationship between Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) severity and loot box interactions from a psychophysiological perspective. The study employs a custom-designed game to control experimental conditions and standardise loot box interactions. Participants' IGD severity is assessed using the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale - Short Form (IGDS9-SF), while arousal is measured through EDA, analysing both tonic and phasic components. The study contributes to the ongoing debate surrounding gaming disorder and loot boxes, offering insights for game developers and policymakers on the potential risks associated with random reward mechanisms in video games.", "While large language models have accelerated software development through \"vibe coding\", prototyping intelligent Extended Reality (XR) experiences remains inaccessible due to the friction of complex game engines and low-level sensor integration. To bridge this gap, we contribute XR Blocks, an open-source, modular WebXR framework that abstracts spatial computing complexities into high-level, human-centered primitives. Building upon this foundation, we present Vibe Coding XR, an end-to-end rapid prototyping workflow that leverages LLMs to translate natural language intent directly into functional XR software. Using a web-based interface, creators can transform high-level prompts (e.g., \"create a dandelion that reacts to hand\") into interactive WebXR applications in under a minute. We provide a preliminary technical evaluation on a pilot dataset (VCXR60) alongside diverse application scenarios highlighting mixed-reality realism, multi-modal interaction, and generative AI integrations. By democratizing spatial software creation, this work empowers practitioners to bypass low-level hurdles and rapidly move from \"idea to reality.\" Code and live demos are available at https://xrblocks.github.io/gem and https://github.com/google/xrblocks.", "Large language models (LLMs), especially reasoning models, generate extended chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning that often contains explicit deliberation over future outcomes. Yet whether this deliberation constitutes genuine planning, how it is structured, and what aspects of it drive performance remain poorly understood. In this work, we introduce a new method to characterize LLM planning by extracting and quantifying search trees from reasoning traces in the four-in-a-row board game. By fitting computational models on the extracted search trees, we characterize how plans are structured and how they influence move decisions. We find that LLMs' search is shallower than humans', and that performance is predicted by search breadth rather than depth. Most strikingly, although LLMs expand deep nodes in their traces, their move choices are best explained by a myopic model that ignores those nodes entirely. A causal intervention study where we selectively prune CoT paragraphs further suggests that move selection is driven predominantly by shallow rather than deep nodes. These patterns contrast with human planning, where performance is driven primarily by deep search. Together, our findings reveal a key difference between LLM and human planning: while human expertise is driven by deeper search, LLMs do not act on deep lookahead. This dissociation offers targeted guidance for aligning LLM and human planning. More broadly, our framework provides a generalizable approach for interpreting the structure of LLM planning across strategic domains."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_games_cb751379b379", "question": {"delta_files": ["7e1e3b0177c82c8f.pdf", "013b05ebcb4a3628.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/7e1e3b0177c82c8f.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/013b05ebcb4a3628.txt"], "object": "f427825de0e1d620.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"f427825de0e1d620.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "f427825de0e1d620"}
diff --git a/release/gold/T5/music.jsonl b/release/gold/T5/music.jsonl
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+{"answer": {"A": "A Transformer Model for Segmentation, Classification, and Caller Identification of Marmoset Vocalization", "B": "Learning Marmoset Vocal Patterns with a Masked Autoencoder for Robust Call Segmentation, Classification, and Caller Identification"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["571a4060d979c10e.pdf", "c804fd37fcb22c6c.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/571a4060d979c10e.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/c804fd37fcb22c6c.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "music", "dossier": "d4fe7a1209eba54b", "gold_index": {"A": 3, "B": 0}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Learning Marmoset Vocal Patterns with a Masked Autoencoder for Robust Call Segmentation, Classification, and Caller Identification", "MAT-SED: AMasked Audio Transformer with Masked-Reconstruction Based Pre-training for Sound Event Detection", "Improving Data Augmentation-based Cross-Speaker Style Transfer for TTS with Singing Voice, Style Filtering, and F0 Matching", "A Transformer Model for Segmentation, Classification, and Caller Identification of Marmoset Vocalization"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_music_6b5852856e77", "question": {"delta_files": ["571a4060d979c10e.pdf", "c804fd37fcb22c6c.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/571a4060d979c10e.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/c804fd37fcb22c6c.txt"], "object": "d4fe7a1209eba54b.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"d4fe7a1209eba54b.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_title", "unit": "d4fe7a1209eba54b"}
+{"answer": {"A": "ACMID: Automatic Curation of Musical Instrument Dataset for 7-Stem Music Source Separation", "B": "Automatic Curation of Large-Scale, High-Quality, Multi-Category Music Source Separation Dataset"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["d100c9eead5d0a53.pdf", "206fdad84df6eded.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/d100c9eead5d0a53.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/206fdad84df6eded.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "music", "dossier": "4e142b44c7d027d9", "gold_index": {"A": 0, "B": 1}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["ACMID: Automatic Curation of Musical Instrument Dataset for 7-Stem Music Source Separation", "Automatic Curation of Large-Scale, High-Quality, Multi-Category Music Source Separation Dataset", "Local deployment of large-scale music AI models on commodity hardware", "Weakly Supervised Detection and Temporal Localization of Whale Calls in Long-Duration Bioacoustic Data"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_music_7a22101758ba", "question": {"delta_files": ["d100c9eead5d0a53.pdf", "206fdad84df6eded.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/d100c9eead5d0a53.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/206fdad84df6eded.txt"], "object": "4e142b44c7d027d9.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"4e142b44c7d027d9.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_title", "unit": "4e142b44c7d027d9"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Accompaniment Prompt Adherence: A measure for evaluating music accompaniment systems", "B": "Measuring Audio Prompt Adherence with Distribution-based Embedding Distances"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["17fbc11813570020.pdf", "94da2f75077bfb71.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/17fbc11813570020.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/94da2f75077bfb71.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "music", "dossier": "f1957946d002932a", "gold_index": {"A": 1, "B": 2}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Discovering and Steering Interpretable Concepts in Large Generative Music Models", "Accompaniment Prompt Adherence: A measure for evaluating music accompaniment systems", "Measuring Audio Prompt Adherence with Distribution-based Embedding Distances", "SONICS: Synthetic Or Not -- Identifying Counterfeit Songs"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_music_a3b89a7355c8", "question": {"delta_files": ["17fbc11813570020.pdf", "94da2f75077bfb71.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/17fbc11813570020.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/94da2f75077bfb71.txt"], "object": "f1957946d002932a.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"f1957946d002932a.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_title", "unit": "f1957946d002932a"}
+{"answer": {"A": "As Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies continue to evolve, their use in generating realistic, contextually appropriate content has expanded into various domains. Music, an art form and medium for entertainment, deeply rooted into human culture, is seeing an increased involvement of AI into its production. However, despite the effective application of AI music generation (AIGM) tools, the unregulated use of them raises concerns about potential negative impacts on the music industry, copyright and artistic integrity, underscoring the importance of effective AIGM detection. This paper provides an overview of existing AIGM detection methods. To lay a foundation to the general workings and challenges of AIGM detection, we first review general principles of AIGM, including recent advancements in deepfake audios, as well as multimodal detection techniques. We further propose a potential pathway for leveraging foundation models from audio deepfake detection to AIGM detection. Additionally, we discuss implications of these tools and propose directions for future research to address ongoing challenges in the field.", "B": "As Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies continue to evolve, their use in generating realistic, contextually appropriate content has expanded into various domains. Music, an art form and medium for entertainment deeply rooted in human culture, is seeing an increased involvement of AI into its production. However, the unregulated use of AI music generation (AIGM) tools raises concerns about potential negative impacts on the music industry, copyright, and artistic integrity, underscoring the importance of effective AIGM detection. This paper provides a systematic overview of existing AIGM detection methods. We first establish a four-level detection taxonomy: signal-level, feature-level, watermark, and semantic consistency, organising methods according to the type of trace they exploit. Drawing on the more mature field of audio deepfake detection, we then present a stratified transferability analysis that examines which components may or may not transfer to AIGM detection, and under what conditions. A multi-dimensional classification further organises representative methods along input modality, detection granularity, feature type, model type, detection target, robustness setting, and interpretability. We conclude by discussing implications and proposing directions for future research to address ongoing challenges in the field."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["124ec0f4b915b430.pdf", "3fe0f9357bed2398.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/124ec0f4b915b430.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/3fe0f9357bed2398.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "music", "dossier": "f5fe4a1dec59b4a9", "gold_index": {"A": 2, "B": 3}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["In this paper we propose a novel generative approach, DiffRoll, to tackle automatic music transcription (AMT). Instead of treating AMT as a discriminative task in which the model is trained to convert spectrograms into piano rolls, we think of it as a conditional generative task where we train our model to generate realistic looking piano rolls from pure Gaussian noise conditioned on spectrograms. This new AMT formulation enables DiffRoll to transcribe, generate and even inpaint music. Due to the classifier-free nature, DiffRoll is also able to be trained on unpaired datasets where only piano rolls are available. Our experiments show that DiffRoll outperforms its discriminative counterpart by 17.9 percentage points (ppt.) and our ablation studies also indicate that it outperforms similar existing methods by 3.70 ppt.", "Despite recent advances in multimodal large language models (MLLMs), their ability to understand and interact with music remains limited. Music understanding requires grounded reasoning over symbolic scores and expressive performance audio, which general-purpose MLLMs often fail to handle due to insufficient perceptual grounding. We introduce MuseAgent, a music-centric multimodal agent that augments language models with structured symbolic representations derived from sheet music images and performance audio. By integrating optical music recognition and automatic music transcription modules, MuseAgent enables multi-step reasoning and interaction over fine-grained musical content. To systematically evaluate music understanding capabilities, we further propose MuseBench, a benchmark covering music theory reasoning, score interpretation, and performance-level analysis across text, image, and audio modalities. Experiments show that existing MLLMs perform poorly on these tasks, while MuseAgent achieves substantial improvements, highlighting the importance of structured multimodal grounding for interactive music understanding.", "As Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies continue to evolve, their use in generating realistic, contextually appropriate content has expanded into various domains. Music, an art form and medium for entertainment, deeply rooted into human culture, is seeing an increased involvement of AI into its production. However, despite the effective application of AI music generation (AIGM) tools, the unregulated use of them raises concerns about potential negative impacts on the music industry, copyright and artistic integrity, underscoring the importance of effective AIGM detection. This paper provides an overview of existing AIGM detection methods. To lay a foundation to the general workings and challenges of AIGM detection, we first review general principles of AIGM, including recent advancements in deepfake audios, as well as multimodal detection techniques. We further propose a potential pathway for leveraging foundation models from audio deepfake detection to AIGM detection. Additionally, we discuss implications of these tools and propose directions for future research to address ongoing challenges in the field.", "As Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies continue to evolve, their use in generating realistic, contextually appropriate content has expanded into various domains. Music, an art form and medium for entertainment deeply rooted in human culture, is seeing an increased involvement of AI into its production. However, the unregulated use of AI music generation (AIGM) tools raises concerns about potential negative impacts on the music industry, copyright, and artistic integrity, underscoring the importance of effective AIGM detection. This paper provides a systematic overview of existing AIGM detection methods. We first establish a four-level detection taxonomy: signal-level, feature-level, watermark, and semantic consistency, organising methods according to the type of trace they exploit. Drawing on the more mature field of audio deepfake detection, we then present a stratified transferability analysis that examines which components may or may not transfer to AIGM detection, and under what conditions. A multi-dimensional classification further organises representative methods along input modality, detection granularity, feature type, model type, detection target, robustness setting, and interpretability. We conclude by discussing implications and proposing directions for future research to address ongoing challenges in the field."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_music_edde4bb8b270", "question": {"delta_files": ["124ec0f4b915b430.pdf", "3fe0f9357bed2398.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/124ec0f4b915b430.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/3fe0f9357bed2398.txt"], "object": "f5fe4a1dec59b4a9.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"f5fe4a1dec59b4a9.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "f5fe4a1dec59b4a9"}
+{"answer": {"A": "As conversational multimodal AI tools are increasingly adopted to process patient data for health assessment, robust benchmarks are needed to measure progress and expose failure modes under realistic conditions. Despite the importance of respiratory audio for mobile health screening, respiratory audio question answering remains underexplored, with existing studies evaluated narrowly and lacking real-world heterogeneity across modalities, devices, and question types. We hence introduce the Respiratory-Audio Question-Answering (RA-QA) benchmark, including a standardized data generation pipeline, a comprehensive multimodal QA collection, and a unified evaluation protocol. RA-QA harmonizes public RA datasets into a collection of 9 million format-diverse QA pairs covering diagnostic and contextual attributes. We benchmark classical ML baselines alongside multimodal audio-language models, establishing reproducible reference points and showing how current approaches fail under heterogeneity.", "B": "As conversational multimodal AI tools are increasingly adopted to process patient data for health assessment, robust benchmarks are needed to measure progress and expose failure modes under realistic conditions. Despite the importance of respiratory audio for mobile health screening, respiratory audio question answering remains underexplored, with existing studies evaluated narrowly and lacking real-world heterogeneity across modalities, devices, and question types. We hence introduce the \\textbf{Respiratory-Audio Question-Answering (RA-QA) benchmark}, including a standardized data generation pipeline, a comprehensive multimodal QA collection, and a unified evaluation protocol. RA-QA harmonizes public RA datasets into a collection of 9 million format-diverse QA pairs covering diagnostic and contextual attributes. We benchmark general audio-language models as well as domain-specific architectures, establishing reproducible reference points and showing how current approaches fail under heterogeneity."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["540e9a53f5791316.pdf", "0ce280c82f436277.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/540e9a53f5791316.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/0ce280c82f436277.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "music", "dossier": "056baed4b1a030f9", "gold_index": {"A": 3, "B": 1}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Music information retrieval distinguishes between low- and high-level descriptions of music. Current generative AI models rely on text descriptions that are higher level than the controls familiar to studio musicians. Pitch strength, a low-level perceptual parameter of contemporary popular music, may be one feature that could make such AI models more suited to music production. Signal and perceptual analyses suggest that pitch strength (1) varies significantly across and inside songs; (2) contributes to both small- and large-scale structure; (3) contributes to the handling of polyphonic dissonance; and (4) may be a feature of upper harmonics made audible in a perspective of perceptual richness.", "As conversational multimodal AI tools are increasingly adopted to process patient data for health assessment, robust benchmarks are needed to measure progress and expose failure modes under realistic conditions. Despite the importance of respiratory audio for mobile health screening, respiratory audio question answering remains underexplored, with existing studies evaluated narrowly and lacking real-world heterogeneity across modalities, devices, and question types. We hence introduce the \\textbf{Respiratory-Audio Question-Answering (RA-QA) benchmark}, including a standardized data generation pipeline, a comprehensive multimodal QA collection, and a unified evaluation protocol. RA-QA harmonizes public RA datasets into a collection of 9 million format-diverse QA pairs covering diagnostic and contextual attributes. We benchmark general audio-language models as well as domain-specific architectures, establishing reproducible reference points and showing how current approaches fail under heterogeneity.", "This study presents FruitsMusic, a metadata corpus of Japanese idol-group songs in the real world, precisely annotated with who sings what and when. Japanese idol-group songs, vital to Japanese pop culture, feature a unique vocal arrangement style, where songs are divided into several segments, and a specific individual or multiple singers are assigned to each segment. To enhance singer diarization methods for recognizing such structures, we constructed FruitsMusic as a resource using 40 music videos of Japanese idol groups from YouTube. The corpus includes detailed annotations, covering songs across various genres, division and assignment styles, and groups ranging from 4 to 9 members. FruitsMusic also facilitates the development of various music information retrieval techniques, such as lyrics transcription and singer identification, benefiting not only Japanese idol-group songs but also a wide range of songs featuring single or multiple singers from various cultures. This paper offers a comprehensive overview of FruitsMusic, including its creation methodology and unique characteristics compared to conversational speech. Additionally, this paper evaluates the efficacy of current methods for singer embedding extraction and diarization in challenging real-world conditions using FruitsMusic. Furthermore, this paper examines potential improvements in automatic diarization performance through evaluating human performance.", "As conversational multimodal AI tools are increasingly adopted to process patient data for health assessment, robust benchmarks are needed to measure progress and expose failure modes under realistic conditions. Despite the importance of respiratory audio for mobile health screening, respiratory audio question answering remains underexplored, with existing studies evaluated narrowly and lacking real-world heterogeneity across modalities, devices, and question types. We hence introduce the Respiratory-Audio Question-Answering (RA-QA) benchmark, including a standardized data generation pipeline, a comprehensive multimodal QA collection, and a unified evaluation protocol. RA-QA harmonizes public RA datasets into a collection of 9 million format-diverse QA pairs covering diagnostic and contextual attributes. We benchmark classical ML baselines alongside multimodal audio-language models, establishing reproducible reference points and showing how current approaches fail under heterogeneity."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_music_d550142e7259", "question": {"delta_files": ["540e9a53f5791316.pdf", "0ce280c82f436277.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/540e9a53f5791316.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/0ce280c82f436277.txt"], "object": "056baed4b1a030f9.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"056baed4b1a030f9.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "056baed4b1a030f9"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Boyang Wang; Yash Vishe; Xin Xu; Zachary Novack; Julian McAuley; Junda Wu", "B": "Boyang Wang; Yash Vishe; Xin Xu; Zachary Novack; Xunyi Jiang; Julian McAuley; Junda Wu"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["6eb5daafce37c429.pdf", "69b18150155ed5a8.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/6eb5daafce37c429.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/69b18150155ed5a8.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "music", "dossier": "bd39ef4ef02fad2b", "gold_index": {"A": 0, "B": 1}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Boyang Wang; Yash Vishe; Xin Xu; Zachary Novack; Julian McAuley; Junda Wu", "Boyang Wang; Yash Vishe; Xin Xu; Zachary Novack; Xunyi Jiang; Julian McAuley; Junda Wu", "Yuxuan Liu; Peihong Zhang; Rui Sang; Zhixin Li; Yizhou Tan; Yiqiang Cai; Shengchen Li", "Qihao Zhao; Yunqi Cao; Yangyu Huang; Hui Yi Leong; Fan Zhang; Kim-Hui Yap; Wei Hu"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_music_2b33a0c66656", "question": {"delta_files": ["6eb5daafce37c429.pdf", "69b18150155ed5a8.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/6eb5daafce37c429.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/69b18150155ed5a8.txt"], "object": "bd39ef4ef02fad2b.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "Who is in the author list of the PDF document \"bd39ef4ef02fad2b.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_author_list", "unit": "bd39ef4ef02fad2b"}
+{"answer": {"A": "CSyMR: Benchmarking Compositional Symbolic Muisc Reasoning With MIR Tool Integration", "B": "CSyMR: Benchmarking Compositional Music Information Retrieval in Symbolic Music Reasoning"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["6eb5daafce37c429.pdf", "69b18150155ed5a8.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/6eb5daafce37c429.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/69b18150155ed5a8.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "music", "dossier": "bd39ef4ef02fad2b", "gold_index": {"A": 2, "B": 0}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["CSyMR: Benchmarking Compositional Music Information Retrieval in Symbolic Music Reasoning", "Hierarchical Self-Supervised Representation Learning for Depression Detection from Speech", "CSyMR: Benchmarking Compositional Symbolic Muisc Reasoning With MIR Tool Integration", "Quantifying Articulatory Coordination as a Biomarker for Schizophrenia"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_music_951c68e3162e", "question": {"delta_files": ["6eb5daafce37c429.pdf", "69b18150155ed5a8.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/6eb5daafce37c429.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/69b18150155ed5a8.txt"], "object": "bd39ef4ef02fad2b.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"bd39ef4ef02fad2b.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_title", "unit": "bd39ef4ef02fad2b"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Conversational recommendation has advanced rapidly with large language models (LLMs), yet music remains a uniquely challenging domain where effective recommendations require reasoning over audio content beyond what text or metadata can capture. We present MusiCRS, the first benchmark for audio-centric conversational recommendation that links authentic user conversations from Reddit with corresponding audio tracks. MusiCRS contains 477 high-quality conversations spanning diverse genres (classical, hip-hop, electronic, metal, pop, indie, jazz) with 3,589 unique musical entities and audio grounding via YouTube links. MusiCRS enables evaluation across three input modality configurations: audio-only, query-only, and audio+query (multimodal), allowing systematic comparison of audio-LLMs, retrieval models, and traditional approaches. Our experiments reveal that current systems rely heavily on textual signals and struggle with nuanced audio reasoning. This exposes fundamental limitations in cross-modal knowledge integration where models excel at dialogue semantics but cannot effectively ground abstract musical concepts in actual audio content. To facilitate progress, we release the MusiCRS dataset (https://huggingface.co/datasets/rohan2810/MusiCRS), evaluation code (https://github.com/rohan2810/musiCRS), and comprehensive baselines.", "B": "Conversational recommendation has advanced rapidly with large language models (LLMs), yet music remains a uniquely challenging domain in which effective recommendations require reasoning over audio content beyond what text or metadata can capture. We present MusiCRS, the first benchmark for audio-centric conversational recommendation that links authentic user conversations from Reddit with corresponding tracks. MusiCRS includes 477 high-quality conversations spanning diverse genres (classical, hip-hop, electronic, metal, pop, indie, jazz), with 3,589 unique musical entities and audio grounding via YouTube links. MusiCRS supports evaluation under three input modality configurations: audio-only, query-only, and audio+query, allowing systematic comparison of audio-LLMs, retrieval models, and traditional approaches. Our experiments reveal that current systems struggle with cross-modal integration, with optimal performance frequently occurring in single-modality settings rather than multimodal configurations. This highlights fundamental limitations in cross-modal knowledge integration, as models excel at dialogue semantics but struggle when grounding abstract musical concepts in audio. To facilitate progress, we release the MusiCRS dataset (https://huggingface.co/datasets/rohan2810/MusiCRS), evaluation code (https://github.com/rohan2810/musiCRS), and comprehensive baselines."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["4145f274b492216b.pdf", "96e089c9035c4fea.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/4145f274b492216b.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/96e089c9035c4fea.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "music", "dossier": "410044b9b48d87d1", "gold_index": {"A": 2, "B": 1}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["The evaluation of music understanding in Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) requires a rigorously defined benchmark that truly tests whether models can perceive and interpret music, a standard that current data methodologies frequently fail to meet. This paper introduces a meticulously structured approach to music evaluation, proposing a new dataset of 320 hand-written questions curated and validated by experts with musical training, arguing that such focused, manual curation is superior for probing complex audio comprehension. To demonstrate the use of the dataset, we benchmark six state-of-the-art LALMs and additionally test their robustness to uni-modal shortcuts.", "Conversational recommendation has advanced rapidly with large language models (LLMs), yet music remains a uniquely challenging domain in which effective recommendations require reasoning over audio content beyond what text or metadata can capture. We present MusiCRS, the first benchmark for audio-centric conversational recommendation that links authentic user conversations from Reddit with corresponding tracks. MusiCRS includes 477 high-quality conversations spanning diverse genres (classical, hip-hop, electronic, metal, pop, indie, jazz), with 3,589 unique musical entities and audio grounding via YouTube links. MusiCRS supports evaluation under three input modality configurations: audio-only, query-only, and audio+query, allowing systematic comparison of audio-LLMs, retrieval models, and traditional approaches. Our experiments reveal that current systems struggle with cross-modal integration, with optimal performance frequently occurring in single-modality settings rather than multimodal configurations. This highlights fundamental limitations in cross-modal knowledge integration, as models excel at dialogue semantics but struggle when grounding abstract musical concepts in audio. To facilitate progress, we release the MusiCRS dataset (https://huggingface.co/datasets/rohan2810/MusiCRS), evaluation code (https://github.com/rohan2810/musiCRS), and comprehensive baselines.", "Conversational recommendation has advanced rapidly with large language models (LLMs), yet music remains a uniquely challenging domain where effective recommendations require reasoning over audio content beyond what text or metadata can capture. We present MusiCRS, the first benchmark for audio-centric conversational recommendation that links authentic user conversations from Reddit with corresponding audio tracks. MusiCRS contains 477 high-quality conversations spanning diverse genres (classical, hip-hop, electronic, metal, pop, indie, jazz) with 3,589 unique musical entities and audio grounding via YouTube links. MusiCRS enables evaluation across three input modality configurations: audio-only, query-only, and audio+query (multimodal), allowing systematic comparison of audio-LLMs, retrieval models, and traditional approaches. Our experiments reveal that current systems rely heavily on textual signals and struggle with nuanced audio reasoning. This exposes fundamental limitations in cross-modal knowledge integration where models excel at dialogue semantics but cannot effectively ground abstract musical concepts in actual audio content. To facilitate progress, we release the MusiCRS dataset (https://huggingface.co/datasets/rohan2810/MusiCRS), evaluation code (https://github.com/rohan2810/musiCRS), and comprehensive baselines.", "While large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis through discrete tokenization paradigms, current architectures exhibit fundamental tensions between three critical dimensions: 1) irreversible loss of acoustic characteristics caused by quantization of speech prompts; 2) stringent dependence on precisely aligned prompt speech-text pairs that limit real-world deployment; and 3) catastrophic forgetting of the LLM's native text comprehension during optimization for speech token generation. To address these challenges, we propose an LLM-based text-to-speech Generation approach Optimized via a novel dual-branch ArchiTecture (GOAT-TTS). Our framework introduces two key innovations: (1) The modality-alignment branch combines a speech encoder and projector to capture continuous acoustic embeddings, enabling bidirectional correlation between paralinguistic features (language, timbre, emotion) and semantic text representations without transcript dependency; (2) The speech-generation branch employs modular fine-tuning on top-k layers of an LLM for speech token prediction while freezing the bottom-n layers to preserve foundational linguistic knowledge. Moreover, multi-token prediction is introduced to support real-time streaming TTS synthesis. Experimental results demonstrate that our GOAT-TTS achieves performance comparable to state-of-the-art TTS models while validating the efficacy of synthesized dialect speech data."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_music_f1d656b0b4e5", "question": {"delta_files": ["4145f274b492216b.pdf", "96e089c9035c4fea.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/4145f274b492216b.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/96e089c9035c4fea.txt"], "object": "410044b9b48d87d1.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"410044b9b48d87d1.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "410044b9b48d87d1"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Decoding of Selective Attention to Speech From Ear-EEG Recordings", "B": "Comparison of linear and nonlinear methods for decoding selective attention to speech from ear-EEG recordings"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["ba0db3e2d4190bc9.pdf", "6a297c7d1abeb445.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/ba0db3e2d4190bc9.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/6a297c7d1abeb445.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "music", "dossier": "8e47986322e5ee92", "gold_index": {"A": 0, "B": 3}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Decoding of Selective Attention to Speech From Ear-EEG Recordings", "Alias-Free Oscillator Synchronization via Additive Synthesis", "Self-Supervised Speech Representations Track Spoken Language Convergence to Adult Models in Infants and Children Who Are Deaf/Hard-of-Hearing", "Comparison of linear and nonlinear methods for decoding selective attention to speech from ear-EEG recordings"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_music_debde1305190", "question": {"delta_files": ["ba0db3e2d4190bc9.pdf", "6a297c7d1abeb445.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/ba0db3e2d4190bc9.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/6a297c7d1abeb445.txt"], "object": "8e47986322e5ee92.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"8e47986322e5ee92.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_title", "unit": "8e47986322e5ee92"}
+{"answer": {"A": "GOAT-TTS: LLM-based Text-To-Speech Generation Optimized via A Dual-Branch Architecture", "B": "GOAT-TTS: Expressive and Realistic Speech Generation via A Dual-Branch LLM"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["e7ec53170fc3499f.pdf", "8539f9957044bd46.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/e7ec53170fc3499f.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/8539f9957044bd46.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "music", "dossier": "41ce1a5f68c54f1c", "gold_index": {"A": 1, "B": 0}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["GOAT-TTS: Expressive and Realistic Speech Generation via A Dual-Branch LLM", "GOAT-TTS: LLM-based Text-To-Speech Generation Optimized via A Dual-Branch Architecture", "AMT-APC: Automatic Piano Cover by Fine-Tuning an Automatic Music Transcription Model", "Exploring System Adaptations For Minimum Latency Real-Time Piano Transcription"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_music_a49218a925a1", "question": {"delta_files": ["e7ec53170fc3499f.pdf", "8539f9957044bd46.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/e7ec53170fc3499f.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/8539f9957044bd46.txt"], "object": "41ce1a5f68c54f1c.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"41ce1a5f68c54f1c.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_title", "unit": "41ce1a5f68c54f1c"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Generating high-quality full-body dance sequences from music is a challenging task as it requires strict adherence to genre-specific choreography. Moreover, the generated sequences must be both physically realistic and precisely synchronized with the beats and rhythm of the music. To overcome these challenges, we propose GCDance, a classifier-free diffusion framework for generating genre-specific dance motions conditioned on both music and textual prompts. Specifically, our approach extracts music features by combining high-level pre-trained music foundation model features with hand-crafted features for multi-granularity feature fusion. To achieve genre controllability, we leverage CLIP to efficiently embed genre-based textual prompt representations at each time step within our dance generation pipeline. Our GCDance framework can generate diverse dance styles from the same piece of music while ensuring coherence with the rhythm and melody of the music. Extensive experimental results obtained on the FineDance dataset demonstrate that GCDance significantly outperforms the existing state-of-the-art approaches, which also achieve competitive results on the AIST++ dataset. Our ablation and inference time analysis demonstrate that GCDance provides an effective solution for high-quality music-driven dance generation.", "B": "Music-driven dance generation is a challenging task as it requires strict adherence to genre-specific choreography while ensuring physically realistic and precisely synchronized dance sequences with the music's beats and rhythm. Although significant progress has been made in music-conditioned dance generation, most existing methods struggle to convey specific stylistic attributes in generated dance. To bridge this gap, we propose a diffusion-based framework for genre-specific 3D full-body dance generation, conditioned on both music and descriptive text. To effectively incorporate genre information, we develop a text-based control mechanism that maps input prompts, either explicit genre labels or free-form descriptive text, into genre-specific control signals, enabling precise and controllable text-guided generation of genre-consistent dance motions. Furthermore, to enhance the alignment between music and textual conditions, we leverage the features of a music foundation model, facilitating coherent and semantically aligned dance synthesis. Last, to balance the objectives of extracting text-genre information and maintaining high-quality generation results, we propose a novel multi-task optimization strategy. This effectively balances competing factors such as physical realism, spatial accuracy, and text classification, significantly improving the overall quality of the generated sequences. Extensive experimental results obtained on the FineDance and AIST++ datasets demonstrate the superiority of GCDance over the existing state-of-the-art approaches."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["a2464ea1a728fe29.pdf", "ea97a7aa0749bf6d.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/a2464ea1a728fe29.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/ea97a7aa0749bf6d.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "music", "dossier": "7446ddfb5bcb0ad0", "gold_index": {"A": 3, "B": 2}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["In recent years, emerging research at the intersection of quantum physics and sound synthesis has opened new conceptual and technical possibilities for instrument design and sonic exploration. This study investigates the potential of formal analogies between quantum systems and classically non-deterministic systems for the generation of tangible acoustic phenomena. Specifically, it explores how quantum mechanical concepts can serve not only as metaphors but as operative frameworks in the design of new musical tools. Building on recent theoretical work on stochastic string excitation, we present the design, fabrication, and spectral characterization of a custom-built noise-driven electroacoustic string instrument. The system implements open-loop stochastic electromagnetic actuation without feedback or pitch stabilization. We show that this excitation strategy produces a dense and uniformly distributed spectral regime that differs from conventional deterministic string excitation. This work contributes to a growing field of quantum music creation by offering a hybrid artistic-scientific platform with potential applications in live performance, experimental composition, and science education.", "We introduce Label-Combination Prototypical Networks (LC-Protonets) to address the problem of multi-label few-shot classification, where a model must generalize to new classes based on only a few available examples. Extending Prototypical Networks, LC-Protonets generate one prototype per label combination, derived from the power set of labels present in the limited training items, rather than one prototype per label. Our method is applied to automatic audio tagging across diverse music datasets, covering various cultures and including both modern and traditional music, and is evaluated against existing approaches in the literature. The results demonstrate a significant performance improvement in almost all domains and training setups when using LC-Protonets for multi-label classification. In addition to training a few-shot learning model from scratch, we explore the use of a pre-trained model, obtained via supervised learning, to embed items in the feature space. Fine-tuning improves the generalization ability of all methods, yet LC-Protonets achieve high-level performance even without fine-tuning, in contrast to the comparative approaches. We finally analyze the scalability of the proposed method, providing detailed quantitative metrics from our experiments. The implementation and experimental setup are made publicly available, offering a benchmark for future research.", "Music-driven dance generation is a challenging task as it requires strict adherence to genre-specific choreography while ensuring physically realistic and precisely synchronized dance sequences with the music's beats and rhythm. Although significant progress has been made in music-conditioned dance generation, most existing methods struggle to convey specific stylistic attributes in generated dance. To bridge this gap, we propose a diffusion-based framework for genre-specific 3D full-body dance generation, conditioned on both music and descriptive text. To effectively incorporate genre information, we develop a text-based control mechanism that maps input prompts, either explicit genre labels or free-form descriptive text, into genre-specific control signals, enabling precise and controllable text-guided generation of genre-consistent dance motions. Furthermore, to enhance the alignment between music and textual conditions, we leverage the features of a music foundation model, facilitating coherent and semantically aligned dance synthesis. Last, to balance the objectives of extracting text-genre information and maintaining high-quality generation results, we propose a novel multi-task optimization strategy. This effectively balances competing factors such as physical realism, spatial accuracy, and text classification, significantly improving the overall quality of the generated sequences. Extensive experimental results obtained on the FineDance and AIST++ datasets demonstrate the superiority of GCDance over the existing state-of-the-art approaches.", "Generating high-quality full-body dance sequences from music is a challenging task as it requires strict adherence to genre-specific choreography. Moreover, the generated sequences must be both physically realistic and precisely synchronized with the beats and rhythm of the music. To overcome these challenges, we propose GCDance, a classifier-free diffusion framework for generating genre-specific dance motions conditioned on both music and textual prompts. Specifically, our approach extracts music features by combining high-level pre-trained music foundation model features with hand-crafted features for multi-granularity feature fusion. To achieve genre controllability, we leverage CLIP to efficiently embed genre-based textual prompt representations at each time step within our dance generation pipeline. Our GCDance framework can generate diverse dance styles from the same piece of music while ensuring coherence with the rhythm and melody of the music. Extensive experimental results obtained on the FineDance dataset demonstrate that GCDance significantly outperforms the existing state-of-the-art approaches, which also achieve competitive results on the AIST++ dataset. Our ablation and inference time analysis demonstrate that GCDance provides an effective solution for high-quality music-driven dance generation."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_music_e4f542ad4c35", "question": {"delta_files": ["a2464ea1a728fe29.pdf", "ea97a7aa0749bf6d.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/a2464ea1a728fe29.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/ea97a7aa0749bf6d.txt"], "object": "7446ddfb5bcb0ad0.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"7446ddfb5bcb0ad0.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "7446ddfb5bcb0ad0"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Huan Zhang; Taegyun Kwon; Anders Friburg; Junyan Jiang; Hayeon Bang; Hyeyoon Cho; Gus Xia; Akira Maezawa; Simon Dixon; Dasaem Jeong", "B": "Huan Zhang; Taegyun Kwon; Anders Friberg; Junyan Jiang; Hayeon Bang; Hyeyoon Cho; Gus Xia; Akira Maezawa; Simon Dixon; Dasaem Jeong"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["a288987be2ad467e.pdf", "e530a4cc3305404f.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/a288987be2ad467e.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/e530a4cc3305404f.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "music", "dossier": "02eda1813c15efd8", "gold_index": {"A": 0, "B": 2}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Huan Zhang; Taegyun Kwon; Anders Friburg; Junyan Jiang; Hayeon Bang; Hyeyoon Cho; Gus Xia; Akira Maezawa; Simon Dixon; Dasaem Jeong", "Hitoshi Suda; Shunsuke Yoshida; Tomohiko Nakamura; Satoru Fukayama; Jun Ogata", "Huan Zhang; Taegyun Kwon; Anders Friberg; Junyan Jiang; Hayeon Bang; Hyeyoon Cho; Gus Xia; Akira Maezawa; Simon Dixon; Dasaem Jeong", "Michele Mancusi; Yurii Halychanskyi; Kin Wai Cheuk; Chieh-Hsin Lai; Stefan Uhlich; Junghyun Koo; Marco A. Martínez-Ramírez; Wei-Hsiang Liao; Giorgio Fabbro; Yuki Mitsufuji"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_music_86e97a5a4611", "question": {"delta_files": ["a288987be2ad467e.pdf", "e530a4cc3305404f.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/a288987be2ad467e.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/e530a4cc3305404f.txt"], "object": "02eda1813c15efd8.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "Who are the authors of the PDF document \"02eda1813c15efd8.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_author_list", "unit": "02eda1813c15efd8"}
+{"answer": {"A": "In this paper we propose a novel generative approach, DiffRoll, to tackle automatic music transcription (AMT). Instead of treating AMT as a discriminative task in which the model is trained to convert spectrograms into piano rolls, we think of it as a conditional generative task where we train our model to generate realistic looking piano rolls from pure Gaussian noise conditioned on spectrograms. This new AMT formulation enables DiffRoll to transcribe, generate and even inpaint music. Due to the classifier-free nature, DiffRoll is also able to be trained on unpaired datasets where only piano rolls are available. Our experiments show that DiffRoll outperforms its discriminative counterpart by 17.9 percentage points (ppt.) and our ablation studies also indicate that it outperforms similar existing methods by 3.70 ppt.", "B": "In this paper we propose a novel generative approach, DiffRoll, to tackle automatic music transcription (AMT). Instead of treating AMT as a discriminative task in which the model is trained to convert spectrograms into piano rolls, we think of it as a conditional generative task where we train our model to generate realistic looking piano rolls from pure Gaussian noise conditioned on spectrograms. This new AMT formulation enables DiffRoll to transcribe, generate and even inpaint music. Due to the classifier-free nature, DiffRoll is also able to be trained on unpaired datasets where only piano rolls are available. Our experiments show that DiffRoll outperforms its discriminative counterpart by 19 percentage points (ppt.) and our ablation studies also indicate that it outperforms similar existing methods by 4.8 ppt. Source code and demonstration are available https://sony.github.io/DiffRoll/."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["f36be15218f35da0.pdf", "fc779f4d96604864.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/f36be15218f35da0.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/fc779f4d96604864.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "music", "dossier": "64d9873ee091f7f7", "gold_index": {"A": 2, "B": 1}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Membership inference attacks (MIAs) test whether a specific audio clip was used to train a model, making them a key tool for auditing generative music models for copyright compliance. However, loss-based signals (e.g., reconstruction error) are weakly aligned with human perception in practice, yielding poor separability at the low false-positive rates (FPRs) required for forensics. We propose the Latent Stability Adversarial Probe (LSA-Probe), a white-box method that measures a geometric property of the reverse diffusion: the minimal time-normalized perturbation budget needed to cross a fixed perceptual degradation threshold at an intermediate diffusion state. We show that training members, residing in more stable regions, exhibit a significantly higher degradation cost.", "In this paper we propose a novel generative approach, DiffRoll, to tackle automatic music transcription (AMT). Instead of treating AMT as a discriminative task in which the model is trained to convert spectrograms into piano rolls, we think of it as a conditional generative task where we train our model to generate realistic looking piano rolls from pure Gaussian noise conditioned on spectrograms. This new AMT formulation enables DiffRoll to transcribe, generate and even inpaint music. Due to the classifier-free nature, DiffRoll is also able to be trained on unpaired datasets where only piano rolls are available. Our experiments show that DiffRoll outperforms its discriminative counterpart by 19 percentage points (ppt.) and our ablation studies also indicate that it outperforms similar existing methods by 4.8 ppt. Source code and demonstration are available https://sony.github.io/DiffRoll/.", "In this paper we propose a novel generative approach, DiffRoll, to tackle automatic music transcription (AMT). Instead of treating AMT as a discriminative task in which the model is trained to convert spectrograms into piano rolls, we think of it as a conditional generative task where we train our model to generate realistic looking piano rolls from pure Gaussian noise conditioned on spectrograms. This new AMT formulation enables DiffRoll to transcribe, generate and even inpaint music. Due to the classifier-free nature, DiffRoll is also able to be trained on unpaired datasets where only piano rolls are available. Our experiments show that DiffRoll outperforms its discriminative counterpart by 17.9 percentage points (ppt.) and our ablation studies also indicate that it outperforms similar existing methods by 3.70 ppt.", "Elderly speech poses unique challenges for automatic processing due to age-related changes such as slower articulation and vocal tremors. Existing Chinese datasets are mostly recorded in controlled environments, limiting their diversity and real-world applicability. To address this gap, we present WildElder, a Mandarin elderly speech corpus collected from online videos and enriched with fine-grained manual annotations, including transcription, speaker age, gender, and accent strength. Combining the realism of in-the-wild data with expert curation, WildElder enables robust research on automatic speech recognition and speaker profiling. Experimental results reveal both the difficulties of elderly speech recognition and the potential of WildElder as a challenging new benchmark. The dataset and code are available at https://github.com/NKU-HLT/WildElder."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_music_44c9c5783f96", "question": {"delta_files": ["f36be15218f35da0.pdf", "fc779f4d96604864.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/f36be15218f35da0.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/fc779f4d96604864.txt"], "object": "64d9873ee091f7f7.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"64d9873ee091f7f7.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "64d9873ee091f7f7"}
+{"answer": {"A": "In this paper, we propose a new multi-modal task, termed audio-visual instance segmentation (AVIS), which aims to simultaneously identify, segment and track individual sounding object instances in audible videos. To facilitate this research, we introduce a high-quality benchmark named AVISeg, containing over 90K instance masks from 26 semantic categories in 926 long videos. Additionally, we propose a strong baseline model for this task. Our model first localizes sound source within each frame, and condenses object-specific contexts into concise tokens. Then it builds long-range audio-visual dependencies between these tokens using window-based attention, and tracks sounding objects among the entire video sequences. Extensive experiments reveal that our method performs best on AVISeg, surpassing the existing methods from related tasks. We further conduct the evaluation on several multi-modal large models; however, they exhibits subpar performance on instance-level sound source localization and temporal perception. We expect that AVIS will inspire the community towards a more comprehensive multi-modal understanding. The dataset and code will soon be released on https://github.com/ruohaoguo/avis.", "B": "In this paper, we propose a new multi-modal task, termed audio-visual instance segmentation (AVIS), which aims to simultaneously identify, segment and track individual sounding object instances in audible videos. To facilitate this research, we introduce a high-quality benchmark named AVISeg, containing over 90K instance masks from 26 semantic categories in 926 long videos. Additionally, we propose a strong baseline model for this task. Our model first localizes sound source within each frame, and condenses object-specific contexts into concise tokens. Then it builds long-range audio-visual dependencies between these tokens using window-based attention, and tracks sounding objects among the entire video sequences. Extensive experiments reveal that our method performs best on AVISeg, surpassing the existing methods from related tasks. We further conduct the evaluation on several multi-modal large models. Unfortunately, they exhibits subpar performance on instance-level sound source localization and temporal perception. We expect that AVIS will inspire the community towards a more comprehensive multi-modal understanding. Dataset and code is available at https://github.com/ruohaoguo/avis."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["ac4929b63928e4ed.pdf", "163ccbf5ce103088.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/ac4929b63928e4ed.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/163ccbf5ce103088.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "music", "dossier": "f85e37c023700b16", "gold_index": {"A": 0, "B": 1}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["In this paper, we propose a new multi-modal task, termed audio-visual instance segmentation (AVIS), which aims to simultaneously identify, segment and track individual sounding object instances in audible videos. To facilitate this research, we introduce a high-quality benchmark named AVISeg, containing over 90K instance masks from 26 semantic categories in 926 long videos. Additionally, we propose a strong baseline model for this task. Our model first localizes sound source within each frame, and condenses object-specific contexts into concise tokens. Then it builds long-range audio-visual dependencies between these tokens using window-based attention, and tracks sounding objects among the entire video sequences. Extensive experiments reveal that our method performs best on AVISeg, surpassing the existing methods from related tasks. We further conduct the evaluation on several multi-modal large models; however, they exhibits subpar performance on instance-level sound source localization and temporal perception. We expect that AVIS will inspire the community towards a more comprehensive multi-modal understanding. The dataset and code will soon be released on https://github.com/ruohaoguo/avis.", "In this paper, we propose a new multi-modal task, termed audio-visual instance segmentation (AVIS), which aims to simultaneously identify, segment and track individual sounding object instances in audible videos. To facilitate this research, we introduce a high-quality benchmark named AVISeg, containing over 90K instance masks from 26 semantic categories in 926 long videos. Additionally, we propose a strong baseline model for this task. Our model first localizes sound source within each frame, and condenses object-specific contexts into concise tokens. Then it builds long-range audio-visual dependencies between these tokens using window-based attention, and tracks sounding objects among the entire video sequences. Extensive experiments reveal that our method performs best on AVISeg, surpassing the existing methods from related tasks. We further conduct the evaluation on several multi-modal large models. Unfortunately, they exhibits subpar performance on instance-level sound source localization and temporal perception. We expect that AVIS will inspire the community towards a more comprehensive multi-modal understanding. Dataset and code is available at https://github.com/ruohaoguo/avis.", "In this work, we systematically study music generation conditioned solely on the video. First, we present a large-scale dataset comprising 360K video-music pairs, including various genres such as movie trailers, advertisements, and documentaries. Furthermore, we propose VidMuse, a simple framework for generating music aligned with video inputs. VidMuse stands out by producing high-fidelity music that is both acoustically and semantically aligned with the video. By incorporating local and global visual cues, VidMuse enables the creation of musically coherent audio tracks that consistently match the video content through Long-Short-Term modeling. Through extensive experiments, VidMuse outperforms existing models in terms of audio quality, diversity, and audio-visual alignment. The code and datasets will be available at https://github.com/ZeyueT/VidMuse/.", "In recent years, emerging research at the intersection of quantum physics and sound synthesis has opened new conceptual and technical possibilities for instrument design and sonic exploration. This study investigates the potential of formal analogies between quantum systems and classically non-deterministic systems for the generation of tangible acoustic phenomena. Specifically, it explores how quantum mechanical concepts can serve not only as metaphors but as operative frameworks in the design of new musical tools. Building on recent theoretical work on stochastic string excitation, we present the design, fabrication, and spectral characterization of a custom-built noise-driven electroacoustic string instrument. The system implements open-loop stochastic electromagnetic actuation without feedback or pitch stabilization. We show that this excitation strategy produces a dense and uniformly distributed spectral regime that differs from conventional deterministic string excitation. This work contributes to a growing field of quantum music creation by offering a hybrid artistic-scientific platform with potential applications in live performance, experimental composition, and science education."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_music_61f865bf9ca8", "question": {"delta_files": ["ac4929b63928e4ed.pdf", "163ccbf5ce103088.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/ac4929b63928e4ed.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/163ccbf5ce103088.txt"], "object": "f85e37c023700b16.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"f85e37c023700b16.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "f85e37c023700b16"}
+{"answer": {"A": "In this work, we systematically study music generation conditioned solely on the video. First, we present a large-scale dataset comprising 360K video-music pairs, including various genres such as movie trailers, advertisements, and documentaries. Furthermore, we propose VidMuse, a simple framework for generating music aligned with video inputs. VidMuse stands out by producing high-fidelity music that is both acoustically and semantically aligned with the video. By incorporating local and global visual cues, VidMuse enables the creation of musically coherent audio tracks that consistently match the video content through Long-Short-Term modeling. Through extensive experiments, VidMuse outperforms existing models in terms of audio quality, diversity, and audio-visual alignment. The code and datasets will be available at https://github.com/ZeyueT/VidMuse/.", "B": "In this work, we systematically study music generation conditioned solely on the video. First, we present a large-scale dataset comprising 360K video-music pairs, including various genres such as movie trailers, advertisements, and documentaries. Furthermore, we propose VidMuse, a simple framework for generating music aligned with video inputs. VidMuse stands out by producing high-fidelity music that is both acoustically and semantically aligned with the video. By incorporating local and global visual cues, VidMuse enables the creation of musically coherent audio tracks that consistently match the video content through Long-Short-Term modeling. Through extensive experiments, VidMuse outperforms existing models in terms of audio quality, diversity, and audio-visual alignment. The code and datasets are available at https://vidmuse.github.io/."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["45048ee03477a0a4.pdf", "235a0fb8d513ad70.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/45048ee03477a0a4.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/235a0fb8d513ad70.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "music", "dossier": "13c35aada18aad7d", "gold_index": {"A": 2, "B": 1}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["This paper explores transformer-based models for music overpainting, focusing on jazz piano variations. Music overpainting generates new variations while preserving the melodic and harmonic structure of the input. Existing approaches are limited by small datasets, restricting scalability and diversity. We introduce VAR4000, a subset of a larger dataset for jazz piano performances, consisting of 4,352 training pairs. Using a semi-automatic pipeline, we evaluate two transformer configurations on VAR4000, comparing their performance with the smaller JAZZVAR dataset. Preliminary results show promising improvements in generalisation and performance with the larger dataset configuration, highlighting the potential of transformer models to scale effectively for music overpainting on larger and more diverse datasets.", "In this work, we systematically study music generation conditioned solely on the video. First, we present a large-scale dataset comprising 360K video-music pairs, including various genres such as movie trailers, advertisements, and documentaries. Furthermore, we propose VidMuse, a simple framework for generating music aligned with video inputs. VidMuse stands out by producing high-fidelity music that is both acoustically and semantically aligned with the video. By incorporating local and global visual cues, VidMuse enables the creation of musically coherent audio tracks that consistently match the video content through Long-Short-Term modeling. Through extensive experiments, VidMuse outperforms existing models in terms of audio quality, diversity, and audio-visual alignment. The code and datasets are available at https://vidmuse.github.io/.", "In this work, we systematically study music generation conditioned solely on the video. First, we present a large-scale dataset comprising 360K video-music pairs, including various genres such as movie trailers, advertisements, and documentaries. Furthermore, we propose VidMuse, a simple framework for generating music aligned with video inputs. VidMuse stands out by producing high-fidelity music that is both acoustically and semantically aligned with the video. By incorporating local and global visual cues, VidMuse enables the creation of musically coherent audio tracks that consistently match the video content through Long-Short-Term modeling. Through extensive experiments, VidMuse outperforms existing models in terms of audio quality, diversity, and audio-visual alignment. The code and datasets will be available at https://github.com/ZeyueT/VidMuse/.", "Music-driven dance generation is a challenging task as it requires strict adherence to genre-specific choreography while ensuring physically realistic and precisely synchronized dance sequences with the music's beats and rhythm. Although significant progress has been made in music-conditioned dance generation, most existing methods struggle to convey specific stylistic attributes in generated dance. To bridge this gap, we propose a diffusion-based framework for genre-specific 3D full-body dance generation, conditioned on both music and descriptive text. To effectively incorporate genre information, we develop a text-based control mechanism that maps input prompts, either explicit genre labels or free-form descriptive text, into genre-specific control signals, enabling precise and controllable text-guided generation of genre-consistent dance motions. Furthermore, to enhance the alignment between music and textual conditions, we leverage the features of a music foundation model, facilitating coherent and semantically aligned dance synthesis. Last, to balance the objectives of extracting text-genre information and maintaining high-quality generation results, we propose a novel multi-task optimization strategy. This effectively balances competing factors such as physical realism, spatial accuracy, and text classification, significantly improving the overall quality of the generated sequences. Extensive experimental results obtained on the FineDance and AIST++ datasets demonstrate the superiority of GCDance over the existing state-of-the-art approaches."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_music_681fad3cbb5b", "question": {"delta_files": ["45048ee03477a0a4.pdf", "235a0fb8d513ad70.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/45048ee03477a0a4.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/235a0fb8d513ad70.txt"], "object": "13c35aada18aad7d.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"13c35aada18aad7d.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "13c35aada18aad7d"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Many people with hearing loss struggle to comprehend speech in crowded auditory scenes, even when they are using hearing aids. Future hearing technologies which can identify the focus of a listener's auditory attention, and selectively amplify that sound alone, could improve the experience that this patient group has with their hearing aids. In this work, we present the results of our experiments with an ultra-wearable in-ear electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring device. Participants listened to two competing speakers in an auditory attention experiment whilst their EEG was recorded. We show that typical neural responses to the speech envelope, as well as its onsets, can be recovered from such a device, and that the morphology of the recorded responses is indeed modulated by selective attention to speech. Features of the attended and ignored speech stream can also be reconstructed from the EEG recordings, with the reconstruction quality serving as a marker of selective auditory attention. Using the stimulus-reconstruction method, we show that with this device auditory attention can be decoded from short segments of EEG recordings which are of just a few seconds in duration. The results provide further evidence that ear-EEG systems offer good prospects for wearable auditory monitoring as well as future cognitively-steered hearing aids.", "B": "Many people with hearing loss struggle to comprehend speech in crowded auditory scenes, even when they are using hearing aids. It has recently been demonstrated that the focus of a listener's selective attention to speech can be decoded from their electroencephalography (EEG) recordings, raising the prospect of smart EEG-steered hearing aids which restore speech comprehension in adverse acoustic environments (such as the cocktail party). To this end, we here assess the feasibility of using a novel, ultra-wearable ear-EEG device to classify the selective attention of normal-hearing listeners who participated in a two-talker competing-speakers experiment. Eighteen participants took part in a diotic listening task, whereby they were asked to attend to one narrator whilst ignoring the other. Encoding models were estimated from the recorded signals, and these confirmed that the device has the ability to capture auditory responses that are consistent with those reported in high-density EEG studies. Several state-of-the-art auditory attention decoding algorithms were next compared, including stimulus-reconstruction algorithms based on linear regression as well as non-linear deep neural networks, and canonical correlation analysis (CCA). Meaningful markers of selective auditory attention could be extracted from the ear-EEG signals of all 18 participants, even when those markers were derived from relatively short EEG segments of just five seconds in duration. Algorithms which related the EEG signals to the rising edges of the speech temporal envelope (onset envelope) were more successful than those which made use of the temporal envelope itself. The CCA algorithm achieved the highest mean attention decoding accuracy, although differences between the performances of the three algorithms were both small and not statistically significant when EEG segments of short durations were employed."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["ba0db3e2d4190bc9.pdf", "6a297c7d1abeb445.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/ba0db3e2d4190bc9.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/6a297c7d1abeb445.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "music", "dossier": "8e47986322e5ee92", "gold_index": {"A": 1, "B": 2}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["A key challenge in music generation models is their lack of direct alignment with human preferences, as music evaluation is inherently subjective and varies widely across individuals. We introduce MR-FlowDPO, a novel approach that enhances flow-matching-based music generation models - a major class of modern music generative models, using Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) with multiple musical rewards. The rewards are crafted to assess music quality across three key dimensions: text alignment, audio production quality, and semantic consistency, utilizing scalable off-the-shelf models for each reward prediction. We employ these rewards in two ways: (i) By constructing preference data for DPO and (ii) by integrating the rewards into text prompting. To address the ambiguity in musicality evaluation, we propose a novel scoring mechanism leveraging semantic self-supervised representations, which significantly improves the rhythmic stability of generated music. We conduct an extensive evaluation using a variety of music-specific objective metrics as well as a human study. Results show that MR-FlowDPO significantly enhances overall music generation quality and is consistently preferred over highly competitive baselines in terms of audio quality, text alignment, and musicality. Our code is publicly available at https://github.com/lonzi/mrflow_dpo; Samples are provided in our demo page at https://lonzi.github.io/mr_flowdpo_demopage/.", "Many people with hearing loss struggle to comprehend speech in crowded auditory scenes, even when they are using hearing aids. Future hearing technologies which can identify the focus of a listener's auditory attention, and selectively amplify that sound alone, could improve the experience that this patient group has with their hearing aids. In this work, we present the results of our experiments with an ultra-wearable in-ear electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring device. Participants listened to two competing speakers in an auditory attention experiment whilst their EEG was recorded. We show that typical neural responses to the speech envelope, as well as its onsets, can be recovered from such a device, and that the morphology of the recorded responses is indeed modulated by selective attention to speech. Features of the attended and ignored speech stream can also be reconstructed from the EEG recordings, with the reconstruction quality serving as a marker of selective auditory attention. Using the stimulus-reconstruction method, we show that with this device auditory attention can be decoded from short segments of EEG recordings which are of just a few seconds in duration. The results provide further evidence that ear-EEG systems offer good prospects for wearable auditory monitoring as well as future cognitively-steered hearing aids.", "Many people with hearing loss struggle to comprehend speech in crowded auditory scenes, even when they are using hearing aids. It has recently been demonstrated that the focus of a listener's selective attention to speech can be decoded from their electroencephalography (EEG) recordings, raising the prospect of smart EEG-steered hearing aids which restore speech comprehension in adverse acoustic environments (such as the cocktail party). To this end, we here assess the feasibility of using a novel, ultra-wearable ear-EEG device to classify the selective attention of normal-hearing listeners who participated in a two-talker competing-speakers experiment. Eighteen participants took part in a diotic listening task, whereby they were asked to attend to one narrator whilst ignoring the other. Encoding models were estimated from the recorded signals, and these confirmed that the device has the ability to capture auditory responses that are consistent with those reported in high-density EEG studies. Several state-of-the-art auditory attention decoding algorithms were next compared, including stimulus-reconstruction algorithms based on linear regression as well as non-linear deep neural networks, and canonical correlation analysis (CCA). Meaningful markers of selective auditory attention could be extracted from the ear-EEG signals of all 18 participants, even when those markers were derived from relatively short EEG segments of just five seconds in duration. Algorithms which related the EEG signals to the rising edges of the speech temporal envelope (onset envelope) were more successful than those which made use of the temporal envelope itself. The CCA algorithm achieved the highest mean attention decoding accuracy, although differences between the performances of the three algorithms were both small and not statistically significant when EEG segments of short durations were employed.", "The recent surge in AI-generated songs presents exciting possibilities and challenges. While these inventions democratize music creation, they also necessitate the ability to distinguish between human-composed and synthetic songs to safeguard artistic integrity and protect human musical artistry. Existing research and datasets in fake song detection only focus on singing voice deepfake detection (SVDD), where the vocals are AI-generated but the instrumental music is sourced from real songs. However, these approaches are inadequate for detecting contemporary end-to-end artificial songs where all components (vocals, music, lyrics, and style) could be AI-generated. Additionally, existing datasets lack music-lyrics diversity, long-duration songs, and open-access fake songs. To address these gaps, we introduce SONICS, a novel dataset for end-to-end Synthetic Song Detection (SSD), comprising over 97k songs (4,751 hours) with over 49k synthetic songs from popular platforms like Suno and Udio. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of modeling long-range temporal dependencies in songs for effective authenticity detection, an aspect entirely overlooked in existing methods. To utilize long-range patterns, we introduce SpecTTTra, a novel architecture that significantly improves time and memory efficiency over conventional CNN and Transformer-based models. In particular, for long audio samples, our top-performing variant outperforms ViT by 8% F1 score while being 38% faster and using 26% less memory. Additionally, in comparison with ConvNeXt, our model achieves 1% gain in F1 score with 20% boost in speed and 67% reduction in memory usage. Other variants of our model family provide even better speed and memory efficiency with competitive performance."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_music_48fe1956bf9c", "question": {"delta_files": ["ba0db3e2d4190bc9.pdf", "6a297c7d1abeb445.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/ba0db3e2d4190bc9.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/6a297c7d1abeb445.txt"], "object": "8e47986322e5ee92.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"8e47986322e5ee92.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "8e47986322e5ee92"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Marmoset, a highly vocalized primate, has become a popular animal model for studying social-communicative behavior and its underlying mechanism comparing with human infant linguistic developments. In the study of vocal communication, it is vital to know the caller identities, call contents, and vocal exchanges. Previous work of a CNN has achieved a joint model for call segmentation, classification, and caller identification for marmoset vocalizations. However, the CNN has limitations in modeling long-range acoustic patterns; the Transformer architecture that has been shown to outperform CNNs, utilizes the self-attention mechanism that efficiently segregates information parallelly over long distances and captures the global structure of marmoset vocalization. We propose using the Transformer to jointly segment and classify the marmoset calls and identify the callers for each vocalization.", "B": "The marmoset, a highly vocal primate, is a key model for studying social-communicative behavior. Unlike human speech, marmoset vocalizations are less structured, highly variable, and recorded in noisy, low-resource conditions. Learning marmoset communication requires joint call segmentation, classification, and caller identification -- challenging domain tasks. Previous CNNs handle local patterns but struggle with long-range temporal structure. We applied Transformers using self-attention for global dependencies. However, Transformers show overfitting and instability on small, noisy annotated datasets. To address this, we pretrain Transformers with MAE -- a self-supervised method reconstructing masked segments from hundreds of hours of unannotated marmoset recordings. The pretraining improved stability and generalization. Results show MAE-pretrained Transformers outperform CNNs, demonstrating modern self-supervised architectures effectively model low-resource non-human vocal communication."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["571a4060d979c10e.pdf", "c804fd37fcb22c6c.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/571a4060d979c10e.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/c804fd37fcb22c6c.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "music", "dossier": "d4fe7a1209eba54b", "gold_index": {"A": 1, "B": 2}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["In this research, we present an innovative, parameter-efficient model that utilizes the attention U-Net architecture for the automatic detection and eradication of non-speech vocal sounds, specifically breath sounds, in vocal recordings. This task is of paramount importance in the field of sound engineering, despite being relatively under-explored. The conventional manual process for detecting and eliminating these sounds requires significant expertise and is extremely time-intensive. Existing automated detection and removal methods often fall short in terms of efficiency and precision. Our proposed model addresses these limitations by offering a streamlined process and superior accuracy, achieved through the application of advanced deep learning techniques. A unique dataset, derived from Device and Produced Speech (DAPS), was employed for this purpose. The training phase of the model emphasizes a log spectrogram and integrates an early stopping mechanism to prevent overfitting. Our model not only conserves precious time for sound engineers but also enhances the quality and consistency of audio production. This constitutes a significant breakthrough, as evidenced by its comparative efficiency, necessitating only 1.9M parameters and a training duration of 3.2 hours - markedly less than the top-performing models in this domain. The model is capable of generating identical outputs as previous models with drastically improved precision, making it an optimal choice.", "Marmoset, a highly vocalized primate, has become a popular animal model for studying social-communicative behavior and its underlying mechanism comparing with human infant linguistic developments. In the study of vocal communication, it is vital to know the caller identities, call contents, and vocal exchanges. Previous work of a CNN has achieved a joint model for call segmentation, classification, and caller identification for marmoset vocalizations. However, the CNN has limitations in modeling long-range acoustic patterns; the Transformer architecture that has been shown to outperform CNNs, utilizes the self-attention mechanism that efficiently segregates information parallelly over long distances and captures the global structure of marmoset vocalization. We propose using the Transformer to jointly segment and classify the marmoset calls and identify the callers for each vocalization.", "The marmoset, a highly vocal primate, is a key model for studying social-communicative behavior. Unlike human speech, marmoset vocalizations are less structured, highly variable, and recorded in noisy, low-resource conditions. Learning marmoset communication requires joint call segmentation, classification, and caller identification -- challenging domain tasks. Previous CNNs handle local patterns but struggle with long-range temporal structure. We applied Transformers using self-attention for global dependencies. However, Transformers show overfitting and instability on small, noisy annotated datasets. To address this, we pretrain Transformers with MAE -- a self-supervised method reconstructing masked segments from hundreds of hours of unannotated marmoset recordings. The pretraining improved stability and generalization. Results show MAE-pretrained Transformers outperform CNNs, demonstrating modern self-supervised architectures effectively model low-resource non-human vocal communication.", "Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have recently gained traction in symbolic music tasks, yet a lack of a unified framework impedes progress. Addressing this gap, we present GraphMuse, a graph processing framework and library that facilitates efficient music graph processing and GNN training for symbolic music tasks. Central to our contribution is a new neighbor sampling technique specifically targeted toward meaningful behavior in musical scores. Additionally, GraphMuse integrates hierarchical modeling elements that augment the expressivity and capabilities of graph networks for musical tasks. Experiments with two specific musical prediction tasks -- pitch spelling and cadence detection -- demonstrate significant performance improvement over previous methods. Our hope is that GraphMuse will lead to a boost in, and standardization of, symbolic music processing based on graph representations. The library is available at https://github.com/manoskary/graphmuse"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_music_ed60273e57c3", "question": {"delta_files": ["571a4060d979c10e.pdf", "c804fd37fcb22c6c.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/571a4060d979c10e.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/c804fd37fcb22c6c.txt"], "object": "d4fe7a1209eba54b.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"d4fe7a1209eba54b.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "d4fe7a1209eba54b"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Ragib Amin Nihal; Benjamin Yen; Runwu Shi; Kazuhiro Nakadai", "B": "Ragib Amin Nihal; Benjamin Yen; Runwu Shi; Takeshi Ashizawa; Kazuhiro Nakadai"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["7569ab95d73f6f88.pdf", "81ed02cedc2cdf96.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/7569ab95d73f6f88.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/81ed02cedc2cdf96.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "music", "dossier": "5fb2f9170e8d47f9", "gold_index": {"A": 3, "B": 1}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Jia-Kai Dong; Yu-Xiang Lin; Hung-Yi Lee", "Ragib Amin Nihal; Benjamin Yen; Runwu Shi; Takeshi Ashizawa; Kazuhiro Nakadai", "Hitoshi Suda; Shunsuke Yoshida; Tomohiko Nakamura; Satoru Fukayama; Jun Ogata", "Ragib Amin Nihal; Benjamin Yen; Runwu Shi; Kazuhiro Nakadai"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_music_ff127ccc76fa", "question": {"delta_files": ["7569ab95d73f6f88.pdf", "81ed02cedc2cdf96.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/7569ab95d73f6f88.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/81ed02cedc2cdf96.txt"], "object": "5fb2f9170e8d47f9.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "Who is in the author list of the PDF document \"5fb2f9170e8d47f9.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_author_list", "unit": "5fb2f9170e8d47f9"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Recent MIDI-to-audio synthesis methods have employed deep neural networks to successfully generate high-quality and expressive instrumental tracks. However, these methods require MIDI annotations for supervised training, limiting the diversity of the output audio in terms of instrument timbres, and expression styles. We propose CoSaRef, a MIDI-to-audio synthesis method that can be developed without MIDI-audio paired datasets. CoSaRef first performs concatenative synthesis based on MIDI inputs and then refines the resulting audio into realistic tracks using a diffusion-based deep generative model trained on audio-only datasets. This approach enhances the diversity of audio timbres and expression styles. It also allows for control over the output timbre based on audio sample selection, similar to traditional functions in digital audio workstations. Experiments show that while inherently capable of generating general tracks with high control over timbre, CoSaRef can also perform comparably to conventional methods in generating realistic audio.", "B": "Recent MIDI-to-audio synthesis methods using deep neural networks have successfully generated high-quality, expressive instrumental tracks. However, these methods require MIDI annotations for supervised training, limiting the diversity of instrument timbres and expression styles in the output. We propose CoSaRef, a MIDI-to-audio synthesis method that does not require MIDI-audio paired datasets. CoSaRef first generates a synthetic audio track using concatenative synthesis based on MIDI input, then refines it with a diffusion-based deep generative model trained on datasets without MIDI annotations. This approach improves the diversity of timbres and expression styles. Additionally, it allows detailed control over timbres and expression through audio sample selection and extra MIDI design, similar to traditional functions in digital audio workstations. Experiments showed that CoSaRef could generate realistic tracks while preserving fine-grained timbre control via one-shot samples. Moreover, despite not being supervised on MIDI annotation, CoSaRef outperformed the state-of-the-art timbre-controllable method based on MIDI supervision in both objective and subjective evaluation."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["a9098271f017b06f.pdf", "6839dd7a4f6696eb.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/a9098271f017b06f.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/6839dd7a4f6696eb.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "music", "dossier": "9be7e3f49bf33058", "gold_index": {"A": 0, "B": 3}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Recent MIDI-to-audio synthesis methods have employed deep neural networks to successfully generate high-quality and expressive instrumental tracks. However, these methods require MIDI annotations for supervised training, limiting the diversity of the output audio in terms of instrument timbres, and expression styles. We propose CoSaRef, a MIDI-to-audio synthesis method that can be developed without MIDI-audio paired datasets. CoSaRef first performs concatenative synthesis based on MIDI inputs and then refines the resulting audio into realistic tracks using a diffusion-based deep generative model trained on audio-only datasets. This approach enhances the diversity of audio timbres and expression styles. It also allows for control over the output timbre based on audio sample selection, similar to traditional functions in digital audio workstations. Experiments show that while inherently capable of generating general tracks with high control over timbre, CoSaRef can also perform comparably to conventional methods in generating realistic audio.", "The rapid advancement of generative audio models has outpaced the development of robust evaluation methodologies. Existing objective metrics and general multimodal large language models (MLLMs) often struggle with domain generalization, zero-shot capabilities, and instructional flexibility. To address these bottlenecks, we propose JASTIN, a generalizable, instruction-driven audio evaluation framework that formulates audio assessment as a self-instructed reasoning task. JASTIN bridges a frozen high-performance audio encoder with a fine-tuned LLM backbone via a trainable audio adapter. To ensure robust zero-shot generalization, we introduce a comprehensive instruction following data preparation pipeline, incorporating Multi-Source, Multi-Task, Multi-Calibration, and Multi-Description data. Experimental results demonstrate that JASTIN achieves state-of-the-art Pearson and Spearman correlations with human subjective ratings. It consistently outperforms general MLLMs across speech, sound, music, and out-of-domain evaluation tasks without the need for task-specific retraining.", "Elderly speech poses unique challenges for automatic processing due to age-related changes such as slower articulation and vocal tremors. Existing Chinese datasets are mostly recorded in controlled environments, limiting their diversity and real-world applicability. To address this gap, we present WildElder, a Mandarin elderly speech corpus collected from online videos and enriched with fine-grained manual annotations, including transcription, speaker age, gender, and accent strength. Combining the realism of in-the-wild data with expert curation, WildElder enables robust research on automatic speech recognition and speaker profiling. Experimental results reveal both the difficulties of elderly speech recognition and the potential of WildElder as a challenging new benchmark. The dataset and code are available at https://github.com/NKU-HLT/WildElder.", "Recent MIDI-to-audio synthesis methods using deep neural networks have successfully generated high-quality, expressive instrumental tracks. However, these methods require MIDI annotations for supervised training, limiting the diversity of instrument timbres and expression styles in the output. We propose CoSaRef, a MIDI-to-audio synthesis method that does not require MIDI-audio paired datasets. CoSaRef first generates a synthetic audio track using concatenative synthesis based on MIDI input, then refines it with a diffusion-based deep generative model trained on datasets without MIDI annotations. This approach improves the diversity of timbres and expression styles. Additionally, it allows detailed control over timbres and expression through audio sample selection and extra MIDI design, similar to traditional functions in digital audio workstations. Experiments showed that CoSaRef could generate realistic tracks while preserving fine-grained timbre control via one-shot samples. Moreover, despite not being supervised on MIDI annotation, CoSaRef outperformed the state-of-the-art timbre-controllable method based on MIDI supervision in both objective and subjective evaluation."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_music_a695cfacd0b3", "question": {"delta_files": ["a9098271f017b06f.pdf", "6839dd7a4f6696eb.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/a9098271f017b06f.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/6839dd7a4f6696eb.txt"], "object": "9be7e3f49bf33058.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"9be7e3f49bf33058.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "9be7e3f49bf33058"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Score-Informed BiLSTM Correction for Refining MIDI Velocity in Automatic Piano Transcription", "B": "Score-Informed Transformer for Refining MIDI Velocity in Automatic Music Transcription"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["71ac8173d935b353.pdf", "00a2389583fcf984.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/71ac8173d935b353.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/00a2389583fcf984.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "music", "dossier": "5b086d17a146f1a4", "gold_index": {"A": 2, "B": 3}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Tight-Frame Reconstruction for Acoustic Intensity Estimation Using Cardioid Microphone Pairs", "Local deployment of large-scale music AI models on commodity hardware", "Score-Informed BiLSTM Correction for Refining MIDI Velocity in Automatic Piano Transcription", "Score-Informed Transformer for Refining MIDI Velocity in Automatic Music Transcription"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_music_8e4a2b365081", "question": {"delta_files": ["71ac8173d935b353.pdf", "00a2389583fcf984.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/71ac8173d935b353.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/00a2389583fcf984.txt"], "object": "5b086d17a146f1a4.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"5b086d17a146f1a4.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_title", "unit": "5b086d17a146f1a4"}
+{"answer": {"A": "The broadcasting industry is increasingly adopting IP techniques, revolutionising both live and pre-recorded content production, from news gathering to live music events. IP broadcasting allows for the transport of audio and video signals in an easily configurable way, aligning with modern networking techniques. This shift towards an IP workflow allows for much greater flexibility, not only in routing signals but with the integration of tools using standard web development techniques. One possible tool could include the use of live audio tagging, which has a number of uses in the production of content. These include from automated closed captioning to identifying unwanted sound events within a scene. In this paper, we describe the process of containerising an audio tagging model into a microservice, a small segregated code module that can be integrated into a multitude of different network setups. The goal is to develop a modular, accessible, and flexible tool capable of seamless deployment into broadcasting workflows of all sizes, from small productions to large corporations. Challenges surrounding latency of the selected audio tagging model and its effect on the usefulness of the end product are discussed.", "B": "The broadcasting industry has adopted IP technologies, revolutionising both live and pre-recorded content production, from news gathering to live music events. IP broadcasting allows for the transport of audio and video signals in an easily configurable way, aligning with modern networking techniques. This shift towards an IP workflow allows for much greater flexibility, not only in routing signals but with the integration of tools using standard web development techniques. One possible tool could include the use of live audio tagging, which has a number of uses in the production of content. These could include adding sound effects to automated closed captioning or identifying unwanted sound events within a scene. In this paper, we describe the process of containerising an audio tagging model into a microservice, a small segregated code module that can be integrated into a multitude of different network setups. The goal is to develop a modular, accessible, and flexible tool capable of seamless deployment into broadcasting workflows of all sizes, from small productions to large corporations. Challenges surrounding latency of the selected audio tagging model and its effect on the usefulness of the end product are discussed."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["7cca8fa7b09bdd31.pdf", "105658c3846f2279.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/7cca8fa7b09bdd31.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/105658c3846f2279.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "music", "dossier": "966f6d3652513c89", "gold_index": {"A": 0, "B": 2}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["The broadcasting industry is increasingly adopting IP techniques, revolutionising both live and pre-recorded content production, from news gathering to live music events. IP broadcasting allows for the transport of audio and video signals in an easily configurable way, aligning with modern networking techniques. This shift towards an IP workflow allows for much greater flexibility, not only in routing signals but with the integration of tools using standard web development techniques. One possible tool could include the use of live audio tagging, which has a number of uses in the production of content. These include from automated closed captioning to identifying unwanted sound events within a scene. In this paper, we describe the process of containerising an audio tagging model into a microservice, a small segregated code module that can be integrated into a multitude of different network setups. The goal is to develop a modular, accessible, and flexible tool capable of seamless deployment into broadcasting workflows of all sizes, from small productions to large corporations. Challenges surrounding latency of the selected audio tagging model and its effect on the usefulness of the end product are discussed.", "The goal of cross-speaker style transfer in TTS is to transfer a speech style from a source speaker with expressive data to a target speaker with only neutral data. In this context, we propose using a pre-trained singing voice conversion (SVC) model to convert the expressive data into the target speaker's voice. In the conversion process, we apply a fundamental frequency (F0) matching technique to mitigate tonal variances between speakers with significant timbral differences. A style classifier filter is proposed to select the most expressive output audios for the TTS training. Our approach is comparable to state-of-the-art with only a few minutes of neutral data from the target speaker, while other methods require hours. A perceptual assessment showed improvements brought by the SVC and the style filter in naturalness and style intensity for the styles that display more vocal effort. Also, increased speaker similarity is obtained with the proposed F0 matching algorithm.", "The broadcasting industry has adopted IP technologies, revolutionising both live and pre-recorded content production, from news gathering to live music events. IP broadcasting allows for the transport of audio and video signals in an easily configurable way, aligning with modern networking techniques. This shift towards an IP workflow allows for much greater flexibility, not only in routing signals but with the integration of tools using standard web development techniques. One possible tool could include the use of live audio tagging, which has a number of uses in the production of content. These could include adding sound effects to automated closed captioning or identifying unwanted sound events within a scene. In this paper, we describe the process of containerising an audio tagging model into a microservice, a small segregated code module that can be integrated into a multitude of different network setups. The goal is to develop a modular, accessible, and flexible tool capable of seamless deployment into broadcasting workflows of all sizes, from small productions to large corporations. Challenges surrounding latency of the selected audio tagging model and its effect on the usefulness of the end product are discussed.", "Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning have improved diagnostic capabilities in healthcare, yet limited interpretability continues to hinder clinical adoption. Schizophrenia, a complex disorder with diverse symptoms including disorganized speech and social withdrawal, demands tools that capture symptom severity and provide clinically meaningful insights beyond binary diagnosis. Here, we present an interpretable framework that leverages articulatory speech features through eigenspectra difference plots and a weighted sum with exponential decay (WSED) to quantify vocal tract coordination. Eigenspectra plots effectively distinguished complex from simpler coordination patterns, and WSED scores reliably separated these groups, with ambiguity confined to a narrow range near zero. Importantly, WSED scores correlated not only with overall BPRS severity but also with the balance between positive and negative symptoms, reflecting more complex coordination in subjects with pronounced positive symptoms and the opposite trend for stronger negative symptoms. This approach offers a transparent, severity-sensitive biomarker for schizophrenia, advancing the potential for clinically interpretable speech-based assessment tools."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_music_f8b877f65cd8", "question": {"delta_files": ["7cca8fa7b09bdd31.pdf", "105658c3846f2279.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/7cca8fa7b09bdd31.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/105658c3846f2279.txt"], "object": "966f6d3652513c89.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"966f6d3652513c89.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "966f6d3652513c89"}
+{"answer": {"A": "The recent surge in AI-generated songs presents exciting possibilities and challenges. While these inventions democratize music creation, they also necessitate the ability to distinguish between human-composed and synthetic songs to safeguard artistic integrity and protect human musical artistry. Existing research and datasets in fake song detection only focus on singing voice deepfake detection (SVDD), where the vocals are AI-generated but the instrumental music is sourced from real songs. However, these approaches are inadequate for detecting contemporary end-to-end artificial songs where all components (vocals, music, lyrics, and style) could be AI-generated. Additionally, existing datasets lack music-lyrics diversity, long-duration songs, and open-access fake songs. To address these gaps, we introduce SONICS, a novel dataset for end-to-end Synthetic Song Detection (SSD), comprising over 97k songs (4,751 hours) with over 49k synthetic songs from popular platforms like Suno and Udio. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of modeling long-range temporal dependencies in songs for effective authenticity detection, an aspect entirely overlooked in existing methods. To utilize long-range patterns, we introduce SpecTTTra, a novel architecture that significantly improves time and memory efficiency over conventional CNN and Transformer-based models. In particular, for long audio samples, our top-performing variant outperforms ViT by 8% F1 score while being 38% faster and using 26% less memory. Additionally, in comparison with ConvNeXt, our model achieves 1% gain in F1 score with 20% boost in speed and 67% reduction in memory usage. Other variants of our model family provide even better speed and memory efficiency with competitive performance.", "B": "The recent surge in AI-generated songs presents exciting possibilities and challenges. These innovations necessitate the ability to distinguish between human-composed and synthetic songs to safeguard artistic integrity and protect human musical artistry. Existing research and datasets in fake song detection only focus on singing voice deepfake detection (SVDD), where the vocals are AI-generated but the instrumental music is sourced from real songs. However, these approaches are inadequate for detecting contemporary end-to-end artificial songs where all components (vocals, music, lyrics, and style) could be AI-generated. Additionally, existing datasets lack music-lyrics diversity, long-duration songs, and open-access fake songs. To address these gaps, we introduce SONICS, a novel dataset for end-to-end Synthetic Song Detection (SSD), comprising over 97k songs (4,751 hours) with over 49k synthetic songs from popular platforms like Suno and Udio. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of modeling long-range temporal dependencies in songs for effective authenticity detection, an aspect entirely overlooked in existing methods. To utilize long-range patterns, we introduce SpecTTTra, a novel architecture that significantly improves time and memory efficiency over conventional CNN and Transformer-based models. For long songs, our top-performing variant outperforms ViT by 8% in F1 score, is 38% faster, and uses 26% less memory, while also surpassing ConvNeXt with a 1% F1 score gain, 20% speed boost, and 67% memory reduction."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["e33cdc6baf4f4ebd.pdf", "82a49530f21bfb83.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/e33cdc6baf4f4ebd.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/82a49530f21bfb83.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "music", "dossier": "ba68762ab8c71fe7", "gold_index": {"A": 2, "B": 0}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["The recent surge in AI-generated songs presents exciting possibilities and challenges. These innovations necessitate the ability to distinguish between human-composed and synthetic songs to safeguard artistic integrity and protect human musical artistry. Existing research and datasets in fake song detection only focus on singing voice deepfake detection (SVDD), where the vocals are AI-generated but the instrumental music is sourced from real songs. However, these approaches are inadequate for detecting contemporary end-to-end artificial songs where all components (vocals, music, lyrics, and style) could be AI-generated. Additionally, existing datasets lack music-lyrics diversity, long-duration songs, and open-access fake songs. To address these gaps, we introduce SONICS, a novel dataset for end-to-end Synthetic Song Detection (SSD), comprising over 97k songs (4,751 hours) with over 49k synthetic songs from popular platforms like Suno and Udio. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of modeling long-range temporal dependencies in songs for effective authenticity detection, an aspect entirely overlooked in existing methods. To utilize long-range patterns, we introduce SpecTTTra, a novel architecture that significantly improves time and memory efficiency over conventional CNN and Transformer-based models. For long songs, our top-performing variant outperforms ViT by 8% in F1 score, is 38% faster, and uses 26% less memory, while also surpassing ConvNeXt with a 1% F1 score gain, 20% speed boost, and 67% memory reduction.", "This paper presents the first comprehensive systematic review of literature on style-based composer identification and authorship attribution in symbolic music scores. Addressing the critical need for improved reliability and reproducibility in this field, the review rigorously analyzes 58 peer-reviewed papers published across various historical periods, with the search adapted to evolving terminology. The analysis critically assesses prevailing repertoires, computational approaches, and evaluation methodologies, highlighting significant challenges. It reveals that a substantial portion of existing research suffers from inadequate validation protocols and an over-reliance on simple accuracy metrics for often imbalanced datasets, which can undermine the credibility of attribution claims. The crucial role of robust metrics like Balanced Accuracy and rigorous cross-validation in ensuring trustworthy results is emphasized. The survey also details diverse feature representations and the evolution of machine learning models employed. Notable real-world authorship attribution cases, such as those involving works attributed to Bach, Josquin Desprez, and Lennon-McCartney, are specifically discussed, illustrating the opportunities and pitfalls of applying computational techniques to resolve disputed musical provenance. Based on these insights, a set of actionable guidelines for future research are proposed. These recommendations are designed to significantly enhance the reliability, reproducibility, and musicological validity of composer identification and authorship attribution studies, fostering more robust and interpretable computational stylistic analysis.", "The recent surge in AI-generated songs presents exciting possibilities and challenges. While these inventions democratize music creation, they also necessitate the ability to distinguish between human-composed and synthetic songs to safeguard artistic integrity and protect human musical artistry. Existing research and datasets in fake song detection only focus on singing voice deepfake detection (SVDD), where the vocals are AI-generated but the instrumental music is sourced from real songs. However, these approaches are inadequate for detecting contemporary end-to-end artificial songs where all components (vocals, music, lyrics, and style) could be AI-generated. Additionally, existing datasets lack music-lyrics diversity, long-duration songs, and open-access fake songs. To address these gaps, we introduce SONICS, a novel dataset for end-to-end Synthetic Song Detection (SSD), comprising over 97k songs (4,751 hours) with over 49k synthetic songs from popular platforms like Suno and Udio. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of modeling long-range temporal dependencies in songs for effective authenticity detection, an aspect entirely overlooked in existing methods. To utilize long-range patterns, we introduce SpecTTTra, a novel architecture that significantly improves time and memory efficiency over conventional CNN and Transformer-based models. In particular, for long audio samples, our top-performing variant outperforms ViT by 8% F1 score while being 38% faster and using 26% less memory. Additionally, in comparison with ConvNeXt, our model achieves 1% gain in F1 score with 20% boost in speed and 67% reduction in memory usage. Other variants of our model family provide even better speed and memory efficiency with competitive performance.", "Granite-speech LLMs are compact and efficient speech language models specifically designed for English ASR and automatic speech translation (AST). The models were trained by modality aligning the 2B and 8B parameter variants of granite-3.3-instruct to speech on publicly available open-source corpora containing audio inputs and text targets consisting of either human transcripts for ASR or automatically generated translations for AST. Comprehensive benchmarking shows that on English ASR, which was our primary focus, they outperform several competitors' models that were trained on orders of magnitude more proprietary data, and they keep pace on English-to-X AST for major European languages, Japanese, and Chinese. The speech-specific components are: a conformer acoustic encoder using block attention and self-conditioning trained with connectionist temporal classification, a windowed query-transformer speech modality adapter used to do temporal downsampling of the acoustic embeddings and map them to the LLM text embedding space, and LoRA adapters to further fine-tune the text LLM. Granite-speech-3.3 operates in two modes: in speech mode, it performs ASR and AST by activating the encoder, projector, and LoRA adapters; in text mode, it calls the underlying granite-3.3-instruct model directly (without LoRA), essentially preserving all the text LLM capabilities and safety. Both models are freely available on HuggingFace (https://huggingface.co/ibm-granite/granite-speech-3.3-2b and https://huggingface.co/ibm-granite/granite-speech-3.3-8b) and can be used for both research and commercial purposes under a permissive Apache 2.0 license."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_music_8249139e8d19", "question": {"delta_files": ["e33cdc6baf4f4ebd.pdf", "82a49530f21bfb83.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/e33cdc6baf4f4ebd.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/82a49530f21bfb83.txt"], "object": "ba68762ab8c71fe7.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"ba68762ab8c71fe7.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "ba68762ab8c71fe7"}
+{"answer": {"A": "This paper investigates acoustic intensity estimation using pairs of cardioid microphones based on the cardioid-cardioid (C-C) method. Unlike conventional pressure-difference techniques, the C-C method is intrinsically less sensitive to the relationship between microphone spacing and acoustic wavelength. However, practical microphones inevitably deviate from ideal cardioid directivity, producing direction-dependent estimation errors. To improve robustness against such errors, a measurement framework based on spherical tight-frame microphone configurations is proposed. Directional intensity components measured along multiple axes are combined to reconstruct the three-dimensional acoustic intensity vector. Furthermore, directivity errors are represented using Legendre polynomial and spherical harmonic expansions, and a geometry-dependent leakage metric is introduced to quantify the error-suppression capability of different microphone arrangements. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations demonstrate that tight-frame configurations effectively suppress direction-dependent errors through geometric averaging. The proposed leakage metric successfully predicts the influence of microphone directivity imperfections on the reconstructed intensity vector. The results further indicate that accurate wide-band acoustic-intensity estimation can be achieved even with relatively large microphone spacings, which are generally impractical in conventional pressure-difference approaches. % The proposed framework provides a physically interpretable and practically useful approach for acoustic intensity measurement using directional microphone arrays.", "B": "This paper investigates acoustic intensity estimation using pairs of cardioid microphones based on the cardioid-cardioid (C-C) method. Unlike conventional pressure-difference techniques, the C-C method is intrinsically less sensitive to the relationship between microphone spacing and acoustic wavelength. However, practical microphones inevitably deviate from ideal cardioid directivity, producing direction-dependent estimation errors. To improve robustness against such errors, a measurement framework based on spherical tight-frame microphone configurations is proposed. Directional intensity components measured along multiple axes are combined to reconstruct the three-dimensional acoustic intensity vector. Furthermore, directivity errors are represented using Legendre polynomial and spherical harmonic expansions, and a geometry-dependent leakage metric is introduced to quantify the error-suppression capability of different microphone arrangements. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations demonstrate that tight-frame configurations effectively suppress direction-dependent errors through geometric averaging. The proposed leakage metric provides a qualitative indication of microphone directivity imperfections on the reconstructed intensity vector. The results further indicate that accurate wide-band acoustic-intensity estimation can be achieved even with relatively large microphone spacings, which are generally impractical in conventional pressure-difference approaches. The proposed framework provides a physically interpretable and practically useful approach for acoustic intensity measurement using directional microphone arrays."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["e1ca26cb61159a41.pdf", "d2a3a5aa5e809b1d.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/e1ca26cb61159a41.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/d2a3a5aa5e809b1d.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "music", "dossier": "f24f4c320c2b325c", "gold_index": {"A": 1, "B": 0}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["This paper investigates acoustic intensity estimation using pairs of cardioid microphones based on the cardioid-cardioid (C-C) method. Unlike conventional pressure-difference techniques, the C-C method is intrinsically less sensitive to the relationship between microphone spacing and acoustic wavelength. However, practical microphones inevitably deviate from ideal cardioid directivity, producing direction-dependent estimation errors. To improve robustness against such errors, a measurement framework based on spherical tight-frame microphone configurations is proposed. Directional intensity components measured along multiple axes are combined to reconstruct the three-dimensional acoustic intensity vector. Furthermore, directivity errors are represented using Legendre polynomial and spherical harmonic expansions, and a geometry-dependent leakage metric is introduced to quantify the error-suppression capability of different microphone arrangements. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations demonstrate that tight-frame configurations effectively suppress direction-dependent errors through geometric averaging. The proposed leakage metric provides a qualitative indication of microphone directivity imperfections on the reconstructed intensity vector. The results further indicate that accurate wide-band acoustic-intensity estimation can be achieved even with relatively large microphone spacings, which are generally impractical in conventional pressure-difference approaches. The proposed framework provides a physically interpretable and practically useful approach for acoustic intensity measurement using directional microphone arrays.", "This paper investigates acoustic intensity estimation using pairs of cardioid microphones based on the cardioid-cardioid (C-C) method. Unlike conventional pressure-difference techniques, the C-C method is intrinsically less sensitive to the relationship between microphone spacing and acoustic wavelength. However, practical microphones inevitably deviate from ideal cardioid directivity, producing direction-dependent estimation errors. To improve robustness against such errors, a measurement framework based on spherical tight-frame microphone configurations is proposed. Directional intensity components measured along multiple axes are combined to reconstruct the three-dimensional acoustic intensity vector. Furthermore, directivity errors are represented using Legendre polynomial and spherical harmonic expansions, and a geometry-dependent leakage metric is introduced to quantify the error-suppression capability of different microphone arrangements. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations demonstrate that tight-frame configurations effectively suppress direction-dependent errors through geometric averaging. The proposed leakage metric successfully predicts the influence of microphone directivity imperfections on the reconstructed intensity vector. The results further indicate that accurate wide-band acoustic-intensity estimation can be achieved even with relatively large microphone spacings, which are generally impractical in conventional pressure-difference approaches. % The proposed framework provides a physically interpretable and practically useful approach for acoustic intensity measurement using directional microphone arrays.", "The recent surge in AI-generated songs presents exciting possibilities and challenges. While these inventions democratize music creation, they also necessitate the ability to distinguish between human-composed and synthetic songs to safeguard artistic integrity and protect human musical artistry. Existing research and datasets in fake song detection only focus on singing voice deepfake detection (SVDD), where the vocals are AI-generated but the instrumental music is sourced from real songs. However, these approaches are inadequate for detecting contemporary end-to-end artificial songs where all components (vocals, music, lyrics, and style) could be AI-generated. Additionally, existing datasets lack music-lyrics diversity, long-duration songs, and open-access fake songs. To address these gaps, we introduce SONICS, a novel dataset for end-to-end Synthetic Song Detection (SSD), comprising over 97k songs (4,751 hours) with over 49k synthetic songs from popular platforms like Suno and Udio. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of modeling long-range temporal dependencies in songs for effective authenticity detection, an aspect entirely overlooked in existing methods. To utilize long-range patterns, we introduce SpecTTTra, a novel architecture that significantly improves time and memory efficiency over conventional CNN and Transformer-based models. In particular, for long audio samples, our top-performing variant outperforms ViT by 8% F1 score while being 38% faster and using 26% less memory. Additionally, in comparison with ConvNeXt, our model achieves 1% gain in F1 score with 20% boost in speed and 67% reduction in memory usage. Other variants of our model family provide even better speed and memory efficiency with competitive performance.", "We present the first systematic Membership Inference Attack (MIA) evaluation of LALMs. Using Multi-modal Blind Baselines based on textual, spectral and prosodic features, we demonstrate that common audio datasets exhibit near-perfect train/test separability (AUC ~ 1.0) even without model inference, thus MIA may primarily detect distribution shift. We therefore introduce a blind-baseline protocol to control for this confound. Under this protocol, we identify that the distribution-matched datasets enable reliable MIA evaluation without distribution-shift artifacts. We benchmark multiple MIA methods and conduct modality disentanglement experiments on these datasets. The results reveal that LALM memorization is cross-modal, arising only from binding a speaker's vocal identity with its text. These findings establish a principled standard for auditing LALMs beyond spurious correlations. Our codebase is available at https://github.com/snooow1029/ALM_MIA."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_music_413749e98697", "question": {"delta_files": ["e1ca26cb61159a41.pdf", "d2a3a5aa5e809b1d.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/e1ca26cb61159a41.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/d2a3a5aa5e809b1d.txt"], "object": "f24f4c320c2b325c.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"f24f4c320c2b325c.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "f24f4c320c2b325c"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Tight-Frame Reconstruction for Acoustic Intensity Estimation Using Cardioid Microphone Pairs", "B": "Acoustic intensity estimation using cardioid microphone pairs in tight-frame configurations"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["e1ca26cb61159a41.pdf", "d2a3a5aa5e809b1d.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/e1ca26cb61159a41.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/d2a3a5aa5e809b1d.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "music", "dossier": "f24f4c320c2b325c", "gold_index": {"A": 1, "B": 3}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Audio-Visual Speech Enhancement: Architectural Design and Deployment Strategies", "Tight-Frame Reconstruction for Acoustic Intensity Estimation Using Cardioid Microphone Pairs", "Nested Music Transformer: Sequentially Decoding Compound Tokens in Symbolic Music and Audio Generation", "Acoustic intensity estimation using cardioid microphone pairs in tight-frame configurations"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_music_859664c4c0d1", "question": {"delta_files": ["e1ca26cb61159a41.pdf", "d2a3a5aa5e809b1d.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/e1ca26cb61159a41.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/d2a3a5aa5e809b1d.txt"], "object": "f24f4c320c2b325c.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"f24f4c320c2b325c.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_title", "unit": "f24f4c320c2b325c"}
+{"answer": {"A": "We present the first systematic Membership Inference Attack (MIA) evaluation of Large Audio Language Models (LALMs). As audio encodes non-semantic information, it induces severe train and test distribution shifts and can lead to spurious MIA performance. Using a multi-modal blind baseline based on textual, spectral, and prosodic features, we demonstrate that common speech datasets exhibit near-perfect train/test separability (AUC approximately 1.0) even without model inference, and the standard MIA scores strongly correlate with these blind acoustic artifacts (correlation greater than 0.7). Using this blind baseline, we identify that distribution-matched datasets enable reliable MIA evaluation without distribution shift confounds. We benchmark multiple MIA methods and conduct modality disentanglement experiments on these datasets. The results reveal that LALM memorization is cross-modal, arising only from binding a speaker's vocal identity with its text. These findings establish a principled standard for auditing LALMs beyond spurious correlations.", "B": "We present the first systematic Membership Inference Attack (MIA) evaluation of LALMs. Using Multi-modal Blind Baselines based on textual, spectral and prosodic features, we demonstrate that common audio datasets exhibit near-perfect train/test separability (AUC ~ 1.0) even without model inference, thus MIA may primarily detect distribution shift. We therefore introduce a blind-baseline protocol to control for this confound. Under this protocol, we identify that the distribution-matched datasets enable reliable MIA evaluation without distribution-shift artifacts. We benchmark multiple MIA methods and conduct modality disentanglement experiments on these datasets. The results reveal that LALM memorization is cross-modal, arising only from binding a speaker's vocal identity with its text. These findings establish a principled standard for auditing LALMs beyond spurious correlations. Our codebase is available at https://github.com/snooow1029/ALM_MIA."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["16e2ca29d7a6e01f.pdf", "16b23f794d28e7cc.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/16e2ca29d7a6e01f.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/16b23f794d28e7cc.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "music", "dossier": "d3fb9a755a0841cc", "gold_index": {"A": 3, "B": 0}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["We present the first systematic Membership Inference Attack (MIA) evaluation of LALMs. Using Multi-modal Blind Baselines based on textual, spectral and prosodic features, we demonstrate that common audio datasets exhibit near-perfect train/test separability (AUC ~ 1.0) even without model inference, thus MIA may primarily detect distribution shift. We therefore introduce a blind-baseline protocol to control for this confound. Under this protocol, we identify that the distribution-matched datasets enable reliable MIA evaluation without distribution-shift artifacts. We benchmark multiple MIA methods and conduct modality disentanglement experiments on these datasets. The results reveal that LALM memorization is cross-modal, arising only from binding a speaker's vocal identity with its text. These findings establish a principled standard for auditing LALMs beyond spurious correlations. Our codebase is available at https://github.com/snooow1029/ALM_MIA.", "Speaking Style Recognition (SSR) identifies a speaker's speaking style characteristics from speech. Existing style recognition approaches primarily rely on linguistic information, with limited integration of acoustic information, which restricts recognition accuracy improvements. The fusion of acoustic and linguistic modalities offers significant potential to enhance recognition performance. In this paper, we propose a novel serial-parallel dual-path architecture for SSR that leverages acoustic-linguistic bimodal information. The serial path follows the ASR+STYLE serial paradigm, reflecting a sequential temporal dependency, while the parallel path integrates our designed Acoustic-Linguistic Similarity Module (ALSM) to facilitate cross-modal interaction with temporal simultaneity. Compared to the existing SSR baseline -- the OSUM model, our approach reduces parameter size by 88.4% and achieves a 30.3% improvement in SSR accuracy for eight styles on the test set.", "Membership inference attacks (MIAs) test whether a specific audio clip was used to train a model, making them a key tool for auditing generative music models for copyright compliance. However, loss-based signals (e.g., reconstruction error) are weakly aligned with human perception in practice, yielding poor separability at the low false-positive rates (FPRs) required for forensics. We propose the Latent Stability Adversarial Probe (LSA-Probe), a white-box method that measures a geometric property of the reverse diffusion: the minimal time-normalized perturbation budget needed to cross a fixed perceptual degradation threshold at an intermediate diffusion state. We show that training members, residing in more stable regions, exhibit a significantly higher degradation cost.", "We present the first systematic Membership Inference Attack (MIA) evaluation of Large Audio Language Models (LALMs). As audio encodes non-semantic information, it induces severe train and test distribution shifts and can lead to spurious MIA performance. Using a multi-modal blind baseline based on textual, spectral, and prosodic features, we demonstrate that common speech datasets exhibit near-perfect train/test separability (AUC approximately 1.0) even without model inference, and the standard MIA scores strongly correlate with these blind acoustic artifacts (correlation greater than 0.7). Using this blind baseline, we identify that distribution-matched datasets enable reliable MIA evaluation without distribution shift confounds. We benchmark multiple MIA methods and conduct modality disentanglement experiments on these datasets. The results reveal that LALM memorization is cross-modal, arising only from binding a speaker's vocal identity with its text. These findings establish a principled standard for auditing LALMs beyond spurious correlations."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_music_25e61dce3a19", "question": {"delta_files": ["16e2ca29d7a6e01f.pdf", "16b23f794d28e7cc.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/16e2ca29d7a6e01f.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/16b23f794d28e7cc.txt"], "object": "d3fb9a755a0841cc.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"d3fb9a755a0841cc.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "d3fb9a755a0841cc"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Weakly Supervised Multiple Instance Learning for Whale Call Detection and Temporal Localization in Long-Duration Passive Acoustic Monitoring", "B": "Weakly Supervised Detection and Temporal Localization of Whale Calls in Long-Duration Bioacoustic Data"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["7569ab95d73f6f88.pdf", "81ed02cedc2cdf96.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/7569ab95d73f6f88.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/81ed02cedc2cdf96.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "music", "dossier": "5fb2f9170e8d47f9", "gold_index": {"A": 3, "B": 2}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Self-Supervised Speech Representations Track Spoken Language Convergence to Adult Models in Infants and Children Who Are Deaf/Hard-of-Hearing", "Game-Time: Evaluating Temporal Dynamics in Spoken Language Models", "Weakly Supervised Detection and Temporal Localization of Whale Calls in Long-Duration Bioacoustic Data", "Weakly Supervised Multiple Instance Learning for Whale Call Detection and Temporal Localization in Long-Duration Passive Acoustic Monitoring"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_music_ef9a90d82697", "question": {"delta_files": ["7569ab95d73f6f88.pdf", "81ed02cedc2cdf96.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/7569ab95d73f6f88.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/81ed02cedc2cdf96.txt"], "object": "5fb2f9170e8d47f9.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"5fb2f9170e8d47f9.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_title", "unit": "5fb2f9170e8d47f9"}
+{"answer": {"A": "While large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis through discrete tokenization paradigms, current architectures exhibit fundamental tensions between three critical dimensions: 1) irreversible loss of acoustic characteristics caused by quantization of speech prompts; 2) stringent dependence on precisely aligned prompt speech-text pairs that limit real-world deployment; and 3) catastrophic forgetting of the LLM's native text comprehension during optimization for speech token generation. To address these challenges, we propose an LLM-based text-to-speech Generation approach Optimized via a novel dual-branch ArchiTecture (GOAT-TTS). Our framework introduces two key innovations: (1) The modality-alignment branch combines a speech encoder and projector to capture continuous acoustic embeddings, enabling bidirectional correlation between paralinguistic features (language, timbre, emotion) and semantic text representations without transcript dependency; (2) The speech-generation branch employs modular fine-tuning on top-k layers of an LLM for speech token prediction while freezing the bottom-k layers to preserve foundational linguistic knowledge. Moreover, multi-token prediction is introduced to support real-time streaming TTS synthesis. Experimental results demonstrate that our GOAT-TTS achieves performance comparable to state-of-the-art TTS models while validating the efficacy of synthesized dialect speech data.", "B": "While large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis through discrete tokenization paradigms, current architectures exhibit fundamental tensions between three critical dimensions: 1) irreversible loss of acoustic characteristics caused by quantization of speech prompts; 2) stringent dependence on precisely aligned prompt speech-text pairs that limit real-world deployment; and 3) catastrophic forgetting of the LLM's native text comprehension during optimization for speech token generation. To address these challenges, we propose an LLM-based text-to-speech Generation approach Optimized via a novel dual-branch ArchiTecture (GOAT-TTS). Our framework introduces two key innovations: (1) The modality-alignment branch combines a speech encoder and projector to capture continuous acoustic embeddings, enabling bidirectional correlation between paralinguistic features (language, timbre, emotion) and semantic text representations without transcript dependency; (2) The speech-generation branch employs modular fine-tuning on top-k layers of an LLM for speech token prediction while freezing the bottom-n layers to preserve foundational linguistic knowledge. Moreover, multi-token prediction is introduced to support real-time streaming TTS synthesis. Experimental results demonstrate that our GOAT-TTS achieves performance comparable to state-of-the-art TTS models while validating the efficacy of synthesized dialect speech data."}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["e7ec53170fc3499f.pdf", "8539f9957044bd46.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/e7ec53170fc3499f.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/8539f9957044bd46.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "music", "dossier": "41ce1a5f68c54f1c", "gold_index": {"A": 1, "B": 0}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["While large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis through discrete tokenization paradigms, current architectures exhibit fundamental tensions between three critical dimensions: 1) irreversible loss of acoustic characteristics caused by quantization of speech prompts; 2) stringent dependence on precisely aligned prompt speech-text pairs that limit real-world deployment; and 3) catastrophic forgetting of the LLM's native text comprehension during optimization for speech token generation. To address these challenges, we propose an LLM-based text-to-speech Generation approach Optimized via a novel dual-branch ArchiTecture (GOAT-TTS). Our framework introduces two key innovations: (1) The modality-alignment branch combines a speech encoder and projector to capture continuous acoustic embeddings, enabling bidirectional correlation between paralinguistic features (language, timbre, emotion) and semantic text representations without transcript dependency; (2) The speech-generation branch employs modular fine-tuning on top-k layers of an LLM for speech token prediction while freezing the bottom-n layers to preserve foundational linguistic knowledge. Moreover, multi-token prediction is introduced to support real-time streaming TTS synthesis. Experimental results demonstrate that our GOAT-TTS achieves performance comparable to state-of-the-art TTS models while validating the efficacy of synthesized dialect speech data.", "While large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis through discrete tokenization paradigms, current architectures exhibit fundamental tensions between three critical dimensions: 1) irreversible loss of acoustic characteristics caused by quantization of speech prompts; 2) stringent dependence on precisely aligned prompt speech-text pairs that limit real-world deployment; and 3) catastrophic forgetting of the LLM's native text comprehension during optimization for speech token generation. To address these challenges, we propose an LLM-based text-to-speech Generation approach Optimized via a novel dual-branch ArchiTecture (GOAT-TTS). Our framework introduces two key innovations: (1) The modality-alignment branch combines a speech encoder and projector to capture continuous acoustic embeddings, enabling bidirectional correlation between paralinguistic features (language, timbre, emotion) and semantic text representations without transcript dependency; (2) The speech-generation branch employs modular fine-tuning on top-k layers of an LLM for speech token prediction while freezing the bottom-k layers to preserve foundational linguistic knowledge. Moreover, multi-token prediction is introduced to support real-time streaming TTS synthesis. Experimental results demonstrate that our GOAT-TTS achieves performance comparable to state-of-the-art TTS models while validating the efficacy of synthesized dialect speech data.", "Automatic music genre classification is a major task in music information retrieval; however, most current benchmarks and models have been developed primarily for Western music, leaving culturally specific traditions underrepresented. In this paper, we introduce the Yemeni Music Information Retrieval (YMIR) dataset, which contains 1,475 carefully selected audio clips covering five traditional Yemeni genres: Sanaani, Hadhrami, Lahji, Tihami, and Adeni. The dataset was labeled by five Yemeni music experts following a clear and structured protocol, resulting in strong inter-annotator agreement (Fleiss kappa = 0.85). We also propose the Yemeni Music Classification Model (YMCM), a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based system designed to classify music genres from time-frequency features. Using a consistent preprocessing pipeline, we perform a systematic comparison across six experimental groups and five different architectures, resulting in a total of 30 experiments. Specifically, we evaluate several feature representations, including Mel-spectrograms, Chroma, FilterBank, and MFCCs with 13, 20, and 40 coefficients, and benchmark YMCM against standard models (AlexNet, VGG16, MobileNet, and a baseline CNN) under the same experimental conditions. The experimental findings reveal that YMCM is the most effective, achieving the highest accuracy of 98.8% with Mel-spectrogram features. The results also provide practical insights into the relationship between feature representation and model capacity. The findings establish YMIR as a useful benchmark and YMCM as a strong baseline for classifying Yemeni music genres.", "Recent approaches in music generation rely on disentangled representations, often labeled as structure and timbre or local and global, to enable controllable synthesis. Yet the underlying properties of these embeddings remain underexplored. In this work, we evaluate such disentangled representations in a set of music audio models for controllable generation using a probing-based framework that goes beyond standard downstream tasks. The selected models reflect diverse unsupervised disentanglement strategies, including inductive biases, data augmentations, adversarial objectives, and staged training procedures. We further isolate specific strategies to analyze their effect. Our analysis spans four key axes: informativeness, equivariance, invariance, and disentanglement, which are assessed across datasets, tasks, and controlled transformations. Our findings reveal inconsistencies between intended and actual semantics of the embeddings, suggesting that current strategies fall short of producing truly disentangled representations, and prompting a re-examination of how controllability is approached in music generation."], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_music_7793f70a483e", "question": {"delta_files": ["e7ec53170fc3499f.pdf", "8539f9957044bd46.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/e7ec53170fc3499f.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/8539f9957044bd46.txt"], "object": "41ce1a5f68c54f1c.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"41ce1a5f68c54f1c.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_abstract", "unit": "41ce1a5f68c54f1c"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Xinran Liu; Xu Dong; Diptesh Kanojia; Wenwu Wang; Zhenhua Feng", "B": "Xinran Liu; Xu Dong; Shenbin Qian; Diptesh Kanojia; Wenwu Wang; Zhenhua Feng"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["a2464ea1a728fe29.pdf", "ea97a7aa0749bf6d.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/a2464ea1a728fe29.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/ea97a7aa0749bf6d.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "music", "dossier": "7446ddfb5bcb0ad0", "gold_index": {"A": 0, "B": 2}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Xinran Liu; Xu Dong; Diptesh Kanojia; Wenwu Wang; Zhenhua Feng", "Kartik Hegde; Arvind Krishna Sridhar; Naveen Vakada; Yinyi Guo; Erik Visser", "Xinran Liu; Xu Dong; Shenbin Qian; Diptesh Kanojia; Wenwu Wang; Zhenhua Feng", "Thomas Biberger; Stephan D. Ewert"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_music_b623cd35e2e0", "question": {"delta_files": ["a2464ea1a728fe29.pdf", "ea97a7aa0749bf6d.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/a2464ea1a728fe29.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/ea97a7aa0749bf6d.txt"], "object": "7446ddfb5bcb0ad0.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the author list of the PDF document \"7446ddfb5bcb0ad0.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_author_list", "unit": "7446ddfb5bcb0ad0"}
+{"answer": {"A": "Yaodong Song; Hongjie Chen; Jie Lian; Yuxin Zhang; Guangmin Xia; Zehan Li; Genliang Zhao; Jian Kang; Yongxiang Li; Jie Li", "B": "Yaodong Song; Hongjie Chen; Jie Lian; Yuxin Zhang; Guangmin Xia; Zehan Li; Genliang Zhao; Jian Kang; Jie Li; Yongxiang Li; Xuelong Li"}, "answer_type": "mc", "delta": {"files": ["e7ec53170fc3499f.pdf", "8539f9957044bd46.txt"], "op": "Refresh", "paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/e7ec53170fc3499f.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/8539f9957044bd46.txt"]}, "delta_op": "Refresh", "domain": "music", "dossier": "41ce1a5f68c54f1c", "gold_index": {"A": 1, "B": 3}, "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Aryan Vijay Bhosale; Vaibhavi Lokegaonkar; Vishnu Raj; Gouthaman KV; Sreyan Ghosh; Ramani Duraiswami; Lie Lu; Dinesh Manocha", "Yaodong Song; Hongjie Chen; Jie Lian; Yuxin Zhang; Guangmin Xia; Zehan Li; Genliang Zhao; Jian Kang; Yongxiang Li; Jie Li", "Kin Wai Cheuk; Ryosuke Sawata; Toshimitsu Uesaka; Naoki Murata; Naoya Takahashi; Shusuke Takahashi; Dorien Herremans; Yuki Mitsufuji", "Yaodong Song; Hongjie Chen; Jie Lian; Yuxin Zhang; Guangmin Xia; Zehan Li; Genliang Zhao; Jian Kang; Jie Li; Yongxiang Li; Xuelong Li"], "phase_scoring": "mean_of_A_and_B", "qid": "T5_music_3ac84a0994d8", "question": {"delta_files": ["e7ec53170fc3499f.pdf", "8539f9957044bd46.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/e7ec53170fc3499f.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/8539f9957044bd46.txt"], "object": "41ce1a5f68c54f1c.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "Who are the authors of the PDF document \"41ce1a5f68c54f1c.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5", "template": "lifecycle_refresh_author_list", "unit": "41ce1a5f68c54f1c"}
diff --git a/release/gold/T6/education.jsonl b/release/gold/T6/education.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..740080d9fcf700979cadece84bc5dd21ac69b4bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/gold/T6/education.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+{"answer": ["Banks (containers)", "educational toys"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "40759b4e2446db1b", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Financial records", "Stereographs"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_education_8edec47e2f7d", "question": {"candidates": ["Banks (containers)", "educational toys", "Stereographs", "Financial records"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are represented in the image \"40759b4e2446db1b.jpg\", and which are not?", "topic": "40759b4e2446db1b.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"banks (containers)": "smithsonian_object_type:banks (containers)", "educational toys": "smithsonian_object_type:educational toys", "financial records": "smithsonian_object_type:financial records", "stereographs": "smithsonian_object_type:stereographs"}, "unit": "40759b4e2446db1b"}
+{"answer": ["Calculators", "Slide rules"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "eefc830ebedbce9b", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Photographs", "Portraits"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_education_52f1f1859a84", "question": {"candidates": ["Portraits", "Photographs", "Slide rules", "Calculators"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"eefc830ebedbce9b.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "eefc830ebedbce9b.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"calculators": "smithsonian_object_type:calculators", "photographs": "smithsonian_object_type:photographs", "portraits": "smithsonian_object_type:portraits", "slide rules": "smithsonian_object_type:slide rules"}, "unit": "eefc830ebedbce9b"}
+{"answer": ["Coats (garments)", "coat; Army; US Military Academy; Cadet; Dress, Full"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "3a44a5dd166f4e7f", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Photographs", "Portraits"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_education_9f2dd2210ec7", "question": {"candidates": ["Portraits", "Photographs", "Coats (garments)", "coat; Army; US Military Academy; Cadet; Dress, Full"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are represented in the image \"3a44a5dd166f4e7f.jpg\", and which ones are not represented?", "topic": "3a44a5dd166f4e7f.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"coat; army; us military academy; cadet; dress, full": "smithsonian_object_type:coat; army; us military academy; cadet; dress, full", "coats (garments)": "smithsonian_object_type:coats (garments)", "photographs": "smithsonian_object_type:photographs", "portraits": "smithsonian_object_type:portraits"}, "unit": "3a44a5dd166f4e7f"}
+{"answer": ["Correspondence", "Documents"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "66a008b9f9f70a19", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Models", "school desk, part of"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_education_8e1649fdc6e9", "question": {"candidates": ["Correspondence", "Documents", "Models", "school desk, part of"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are represented in the image \"66a008b9f9f70a19.jpg\", and which are not?", "topic": "66a008b9f9f70a19.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"correspondence": "smithsonian_object_type:correspondence", "documents": "smithsonian_object_type:documents", "models": "smithsonian_object_type:models", "school desk, part of": "smithsonian_object_type:school desk, part of"}, "unit": "66a008b9f9f70a19"}
+{"answer": ["Engravings (prints)", "pictures; engraving"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "1010ada52cc3049c", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Photographs", "Portraits"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_education_0e46c7c8fed6", "question": {"candidates": ["pictures; engraving", "Portraits", "Engravings (prints)", "Photographs"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are represented by the image \"1010ada52cc3049c.jpg\", and which are not present in it?", "topic": "1010ada52cc3049c.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"engravings (prints)": "smithsonian_object_type:engravings (prints)", "photographs": "smithsonian_object_type:photographs", "pictures; engraving": "smithsonian_object_type:pictures; engraving", "portraits": "smithsonian_object_type:portraits"}, "unit": "1010ada52cc3049c"}
+{"answer": ["Financial records", "Price lists"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "b350d623c08ae82e", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Slide rules", "desk model side support"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_education_bef8162001b4", "question": {"candidates": ["Financial records", "Slide rules", "desk model side support", "Price lists"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"b350d623c08ae82e.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "b350d623c08ae82e.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"desk model side support": "smithsonian_object_type:desk model side support", "financial records": "smithsonian_object_type:financial records", "price lists": "smithsonian_object_type:price lists", "slide rules": "smithsonian_object_type:slide rules"}, "unit": "b350d623c08ae82e"}
+{"answer": ["Models", "Patents", "desk and chair model", "desk and seat patent model fragment"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "48ab7eacac74f5bf", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Business letters", "Photographs", "Portraits", "Visiting cards"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_education_7c11f1814791", "question": {"candidates": ["desk and seat patent model fragment", "Visiting cards", "Portraits", "Models", "Patents", "desk and chair model", "Business letters", "Photographs"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"48ab7eacac74f5bf.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "48ab7eacac74f5bf.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"business letters": "smithsonian_object_type:business letters", "desk and chair model": "smithsonian_object_type:desk and chair model", "desk and seat patent model fragment": "smithsonian_object_type:desk and seat patent model fragment", "models": "smithsonian_object_type:models", "patents": "smithsonian_object_type:patents", "photographs": "smithsonian_object_type:photographs", "portraits": "smithsonian_object_type:portraits", "visiting cards": "smithsonian_object_type:visiting cards"}, "unit": "48ab7eacac74f5bf"}
+{"answer": ["Models", "Patents", "desk and seat model"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "02f96ea1ffa19dc8", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Photographs", "Portraits", "group portraits"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_education_2f52d1c1ed25", "question": {"candidates": ["Portraits", "desk and seat model", "Photographs", "Patents", "Models", "group portraits"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"02f96ea1ffa19dc8.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "02f96ea1ffa19dc8.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"desk and seat model": "smithsonian_object_type:desk and seat model", "group portraits": "smithsonian_object_type:group portraits", "models": "smithsonian_object_type:models", "patents": "smithsonian_object_type:patents", "photographs": "smithsonian_object_type:photographs", "portraits": "smithsonian_object_type:portraits"}, "unit": "02f96ea1ffa19dc8"}
+{"answer": ["Models", "Patents", "desk and seat model"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "c684804ce6ca1dab", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Photographs", "Postcards", "Visiting cards"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_education_7e6918a9983e", "question": {"candidates": ["desk and seat model", "Visiting cards", "Patents", "Photographs", "Models", "Postcards"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"c684804ce6ca1dab.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "c684804ce6ca1dab.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"desk and seat model": "smithsonian_object_type:desk and seat model", "models": "smithsonian_object_type:models", "patents": "smithsonian_object_type:patents", "photographs": "smithsonian_object_type:photographs", "postcards": "smithsonian_object_type:postcards", "visiting cards": "smithsonian_object_type:visiting cards"}, "unit": "c684804ce6ca1dab"}
+{"answer": ["Models", "Patents", "desk hinge patent model", "school desk hinge"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "2513eb3f1f8342c5", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Passes (tickets)", "Portraits", "Programs (documents)", "brass instruments"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_education_d6248eac93b0", "question": {"candidates": ["Portraits", "desk hinge patent model", "Patents", "Models", "Programs (documents)", "school desk hinge", "Passes (tickets)", "brass instruments"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"2513eb3f1f8342c5.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "2513eb3f1f8342c5.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"brass instruments": "smithsonian_object_type:brass instruments", "desk hinge patent model": "smithsonian_object_type:desk hinge patent model", "models": "smithsonian_object_type:models", "passes (tickets)": "smithsonian_object_type:passes (tickets)", "patents": "smithsonian_object_type:patents", "portraits": "smithsonian_object_type:portraits", "programs (documents)": "smithsonian_object_type:programs (documents)", "school desk hinge": "smithsonian_object_type:school desk hinge"}, "unit": "2513eb3f1f8342c5"}
+{"answer": ["Models", "Patents", "desk leg support patent model"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "2d3d2181cad71083", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Photographs", "Portraits", "Visiting cards"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_education_614eed2e2b8e", "question": {"candidates": ["desk leg support patent model", "Visiting cards", "Patents", "Photographs", "Models", "Portraits"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"2d3d2181cad71083.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "2d3d2181cad71083.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"desk leg support patent model": "smithsonian_object_type:desk leg support patent model", "models": "smithsonian_object_type:models", "patents": "smithsonian_object_type:patents", "photographs": "smithsonian_object_type:photographs", "portraits": "smithsonian_object_type:portraits", "visiting cards": "smithsonian_object_type:visiting cards"}, "unit": "2d3d2181cad71083"}
+{"answer": ["Models", "Patents", "desk model fragments"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "e8c437ed2e64d947", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Documents", "Shirts", "Stereographs"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_education_670d13a3120e", "question": {"candidates": ["Shirts", "Stereographs", "Documents", "Models", "Patents", "desk model fragments"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"e8c437ed2e64d947.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "e8c437ed2e64d947.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"desk model fragments": "smithsonian_object_type:desk model fragments", "documents": "smithsonian_object_type:documents", "models": "smithsonian_object_type:models", "patents": "smithsonian_object_type:patents", "shirts": "smithsonian_object_type:shirts", "stereographs": "smithsonian_object_type:stereographs"}, "unit": "e8c437ed2e64d947"}
+{"answer": ["Models", "Patents", "desk model juncture improvement", "school desk, part of"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "bb7483cdee71b68c", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Photographs", "Skirts (garments)", "cuff links", "relief halftones"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_education_f79512f29265", "question": {"candidates": ["relief halftones", "Skirts (garments)", "Patents", "desk model juncture improvement", "school desk, part of", "Photographs", "Models", "cuff links"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are shown in the image \"bb7483cdee71b68c.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "bb7483cdee71b68c.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"cuff links": "smithsonian_object_type:cuff links", "desk model juncture improvement": "smithsonian_object_type:desk model juncture improvement", "models": "smithsonian_object_type:models", "patents": "smithsonian_object_type:patents", "photographs": "smithsonian_object_type:photographs", "relief halftones": "smithsonian_object_type:relief halftones", "school desk, part of": "smithsonian_object_type:school desk, part of", "skirts (garments)": "smithsonian_object_type:skirts (garments)"}, "unit": "bb7483cdee71b68c"}
+{"answer": ["Models", "Patents", "desk model side support", "desk patent model side support"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "65ac56d773eede9a", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Photographs", "Portraits", "Visiting cards", "relief halftones"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_education_a2e32434b371", "question": {"candidates": ["desk model side support", "Portraits", "desk patent model side support", "Models", "Patents", "Visiting cards", "relief halftones", "Photographs"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"65ac56d773eede9a.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "65ac56d773eede9a.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"desk model side support": "smithsonian_object_type:desk model side support", "desk patent model side support": "smithsonian_object_type:desk patent model side support", "models": "smithsonian_object_type:models", "patents": "smithsonian_object_type:patents", "photographs": "smithsonian_object_type:photographs", "portraits": "smithsonian_object_type:portraits", "relief halftones": "smithsonian_object_type:relief halftones", "visiting cards": "smithsonian_object_type:visiting cards"}, "unit": "65ac56d773eede9a"}
+{"answer": ["Models", "Patents", "desk patent model fragment", "school desktop"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "3698a52326572f69", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Contracts", "Portraits", "footballs", "relief halftones"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_education_eab851e01927", "question": {"candidates": ["Contracts", "Patents", "Models", "Portraits", "footballs", "school desktop", "desk patent model fragment", "relief halftones"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"3698a52326572f69.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "3698a52326572f69.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"contracts": "smithsonian_object_type:contracts", "desk patent model fragment": "smithsonian_object_type:desk patent model fragment", "footballs": "smithsonian_object_type:footballs", "models": "smithsonian_object_type:models", "patents": "smithsonian_object_type:patents", "portraits": "smithsonian_object_type:portraits", "relief halftones": "smithsonian_object_type:relief halftones", "school desktop": "smithsonian_object_type:school desktop"}, "unit": "3698a52326572f69"}
+{"answer": ["Models", "Patents", "desk patent model fragment"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "af64a7619a0d91b2", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Musical instruments", "Prints", "brass instruments"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_education_273e5eefa29d", "question": {"candidates": ["brass instruments", "desk patent model fragment", "Patents", "Models", "Musical instruments", "Prints"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"af64a7619a0d91b2.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "af64a7619a0d91b2.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"brass instruments": "smithsonian_object_type:brass instruments", "desk patent model fragment": "smithsonian_object_type:desk patent model fragment", "models": "smithsonian_object_type:models", "musical instruments": "smithsonian_object_type:musical instruments", "patents": "smithsonian_object_type:patents", "prints": "smithsonian_object_type:prints"}, "unit": "af64a7619a0d91b2"}
+{"answer": ["Models", "Patents", "desk, school"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "3764513404913399", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Photographs", "Portraits", "sports uniforms"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_education_0c5ca0dd4fd9", "question": {"candidates": ["Portraits", "Photographs", "Patents", "Models", "sports uniforms", "desk, school"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"3764513404913399.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "3764513404913399.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"desk, school": "smithsonian_object_type:desk, school", "models": "smithsonian_object_type:models", "patents": "smithsonian_object_type:patents", "photographs": "smithsonian_object_type:photographs", "portraits": "smithsonian_object_type:portraits", "sports uniforms": "smithsonian_object_type:sports uniforms"}, "unit": "3764513404913399"}
+{"answer": ["Models", "Patents", "school desk, part of"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "00e211f2ca71f863", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Photographs", "Price lists", "Visiting cards"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_education_90ae4aed5c20", "question": {"candidates": ["Price lists", "Photographs", "Models", "Patents", "Visiting cards", "school desk, part of"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"00e211f2ca71f863.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "00e211f2ca71f863.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"models": "smithsonian_object_type:models", "patents": "smithsonian_object_type:patents", "photographs": "smithsonian_object_type:photographs", "price lists": "smithsonian_object_type:price lists", "school desk, part of": "smithsonian_object_type:school desk, part of", "visiting cards": "smithsonian_object_type:visiting cards"}, "unit": "00e211f2ca71f863"}
+{"answer": ["Models", "Patents", "school desk, part of"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "a8df30bb70908977", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Photographs", "Portraits", "Postcards"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_education_99c740802e4e", "question": {"candidates": ["Models", "Photographs", "Patents", "school desk, part of", "Portraits", "Postcards"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"a8df30bb70908977.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "a8df30bb70908977.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"models": "smithsonian_object_type:models", "patents": "smithsonian_object_type:patents", "photographs": "smithsonian_object_type:photographs", "portraits": "smithsonian_object_type:portraits", "postcards": "smithsonian_object_type:postcards", "school desk, part of": "smithsonian_object_type:school desk, part of"}, "unit": "a8df30bb70908977"}
+{"answer": ["Models", "Patents"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "829e7df4ef2dfa8a", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Correspondence", "Pamphlets"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_education_978e6c168e25", "question": {"candidates": ["Models", "Pamphlets", "Correspondence", "Patents"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"829e7df4ef2dfa8a.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "829e7df4ef2dfa8a.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"correspondence": "smithsonian_object_type:correspondence", "models": "smithsonian_object_type:models", "pamphlets": "smithsonian_object_type:pamphlets", "patents": "smithsonian_object_type:patents"}, "unit": "829e7df4ef2dfa8a"}
+{"answer": ["Models", "Patents"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "973b0a759d8ee218", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Portraits", "jackets"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_education_92a915680ad6", "question": {"candidates": ["Patents", "Portraits", "Models", "jackets"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are present in the image \"973b0a759d8ee218.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "973b0a759d8ee218.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"jackets": "smithsonian_object_type:jackets", "models": "smithsonian_object_type:models", "patents": "smithsonian_object_type:patents", "portraits": "smithsonian_object_type:portraits"}, "unit": "973b0a759d8ee218"}
+{"answer": ["Models", "Patents"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "aabdc34ae6750e1c", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Photographs", "Scrapbooks"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_education_7481442a9588", "question": {"candidates": ["Scrapbooks", "Patents", "Photographs", "Models"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"aabdc34ae6750e1c.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "aabdc34ae6750e1c.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"models": "smithsonian_object_type:models", "patents": "smithsonian_object_type:patents", "photographs": "smithsonian_object_type:photographs", "scrapbooks": "smithsonian_object_type:scrapbooks"}, "unit": "aabdc34ae6750e1c"}
+{"answer": ["Models", "Patents"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "c8e972dd5de4ca09", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Trophies (objects)", "synopses"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_education_84071ca89d1c", "question": {"candidates": ["Patents", "Models", "Trophies (objects)", "synopses"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"c8e972dd5de4ca09.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "c8e972dd5de4ca09.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"models": "smithsonian_object_type:models", "patents": "smithsonian_object_type:patents", "synopses": "smithsonian_object_type:synopses", "trophies (objects)": "smithsonian_object_type:trophies (objects)"}, "unit": "c8e972dd5de4ca09"}
+{"answer": ["Musical instruments", "brass instruments"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "7582a531c4b80e09", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Models", "Patents"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_education_8e368824bf97", "question": {"candidates": ["Musical instruments", "brass instruments", "Models", "Patents"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"7582a531c4b80e09.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "7582a531c4b80e09.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"brass instruments": "smithsonian_object_type:brass instruments", "models": "smithsonian_object_type:models", "musical instruments": "smithsonian_object_type:musical instruments", "patents": "smithsonian_object_type:patents"}, "unit": "7582a531c4b80e09"}
+{"answer": ["Photographs", "Portraits", "Scrapbooks"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "7454ff05507ecf5d", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Models", "Patents", "desk improvement patent model"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_education_653d0a046c22", "question": {"candidates": ["Photographs", "Models", "Portraits", "Patents", "desk improvement patent model", "Scrapbooks"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are represented in the image \"7454ff05507ecf5d.jpg\", and which are not present in it?", "topic": "7454ff05507ecf5d.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"desk improvement patent model": "smithsonian_object_type:desk improvement patent model", "models": "smithsonian_object_type:models", "patents": "smithsonian_object_type:patents", "photographs": "smithsonian_object_type:photographs", "portraits": "smithsonian_object_type:portraits", "scrapbooks": "smithsonian_object_type:scrapbooks"}, "unit": "7454ff05507ecf5d"}
+{"answer": ["Photographs", "Portraits", "Stereographs"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "6e4489dc8a044ed5", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Patents", "desk patent model side support", "school desk, part of"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_education_625c2a8f0fbb", "question": {"candidates": ["Photographs", "Portraits", "desk patent model side support", "Patents", "Stereographs", "school desk, part of"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"6e4489dc8a044ed5.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "6e4489dc8a044ed5.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"desk patent model side support": "smithsonian_object_type:desk patent model side support", "patents": "smithsonian_object_type:patents", "photographs": "smithsonian_object_type:photographs", "portraits": "smithsonian_object_type:portraits", "school desk, part of": "smithsonian_object_type:school desk, part of", "stereographs": "smithsonian_object_type:stereographs"}, "unit": "6e4489dc8a044ed5"}
+{"answer": ["Photographs", "Portraits", "Visiting cards"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "58445cf00981b7d9", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Banks (containers)", "Models", "Patents"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_education_df480e95c1ec", "question": {"candidates": ["Patents", "Models", "Photographs", "Banks (containers)", "Portraits", "Visiting cards"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are represented in the image \"58445cf00981b7d9.jpg\", and which are not?", "topic": "58445cf00981b7d9.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"banks (containers)": "smithsonian_object_type:banks (containers)", "models": "smithsonian_object_type:models", "patents": "smithsonian_object_type:patents", "photographs": "smithsonian_object_type:photographs", "portraits": "smithsonian_object_type:portraits", "visiting cards": "smithsonian_object_type:visiting cards"}, "unit": "58445cf00981b7d9"}
+{"answer": ["Photographs", "Portraits", "Visiting cards"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "5adea00add43cb81", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Toys (recreational artifacts)", "desk patent model fragment", "school desk hinge"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_education_59170031cdf6", "question": {"candidates": ["desk patent model fragment", "Portraits", "Toys (recreational artifacts)", "Photographs", "school desk hinge", "Visiting cards"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"5adea00add43cb81.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "5adea00add43cb81.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"desk patent model fragment": "smithsonian_object_type:desk patent model fragment", "photographs": "smithsonian_object_type:photographs", "portraits": "smithsonian_object_type:portraits", "school desk hinge": "smithsonian_object_type:school desk hinge", "toys (recreational artifacts)": "smithsonian_object_type:toys (recreational artifacts)", "visiting cards": "smithsonian_object_type:visiting cards"}, "unit": "5adea00add43cb81"}
+{"answer": ["Photographs", "Portraits", "Visiting cards"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "fb12d04159f614b1", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Models", "Patents", "desk and seat model"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_education_ad84155349db", "question": {"candidates": ["Photographs", "Patents", "Portraits", "Visiting cards", "Models", "desk and seat model"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"fb12d04159f614b1.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "fb12d04159f614b1.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"desk and seat model": "smithsonian_object_type:desk and seat model", "models": "smithsonian_object_type:models", "patents": "smithsonian_object_type:patents", "photographs": "smithsonian_object_type:photographs", "portraits": "smithsonian_object_type:portraits", "visiting cards": "smithsonian_object_type:visiting cards"}, "unit": "fb12d04159f614b1"}
+{"answer": ["Photographs", "Portraits"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "290f4a45c4039de1", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Models", "Patents"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_education_1d02a23bce57", "question": {"candidates": ["Patents", "Photographs", "Models", "Portraits"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are shown in the image \"290f4a45c4039de1.jpg\", and which are not?", "topic": "290f4a45c4039de1.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"models": "smithsonian_object_type:models", "patents": "smithsonian_object_type:patents", "photographs": "smithsonian_object_type:photographs", "portraits": "smithsonian_object_type:portraits"}, "unit": "290f4a45c4039de1"}
+{"answer": ["Photographs", "Portraits"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "40172c5a92291f1f", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Models", "Patents"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_education_b329f7f5ab61", "question": {"candidates": ["Models", "Patents", "Portraits", "Photographs"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"40172c5a92291f1f.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "40172c5a92291f1f.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"models": "smithsonian_object_type:models", "patents": "smithsonian_object_type:patents", "photographs": "smithsonian_object_type:photographs", "portraits": "smithsonian_object_type:portraits"}, "unit": "40172c5a92291f1f"}
+{"answer": ["Photographs", "Portraits"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "c2d00e84e3af9d7d", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Models", "Patents"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_education_f24875e9e2ae", "question": {"candidates": ["Models", "Patents", "Portraits", "Photographs"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are represented by the image \"c2d00e84e3af9d7d.jpg\", and which labels are missing from it?", "topic": "c2d00e84e3af9d7d.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"models": "smithsonian_object_type:models", "patents": "smithsonian_object_type:patents", "photographs": "smithsonian_object_type:photographs", "portraits": "smithsonian_object_type:portraits"}, "unit": "c2d00e84e3af9d7d"}
+{"answer": ["Photographs", "Portraits"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "d5abbf1ab2f0d22b", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Calculators", "Engravings (prints)"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_education_2d8a1862c9bc", "question": {"candidates": ["Portraits", "Photographs", "Calculators", "Engravings (prints)"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are represented by the image \"d5abbf1ab2f0d22b.jpg\", and which are not present in it?", "topic": "d5abbf1ab2f0d22b.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"calculators": "smithsonian_object_type:calculators", "engravings (prints)": "smithsonian_object_type:engravings (prints)", "photographs": "smithsonian_object_type:photographs", "portraits": "smithsonian_object_type:portraits"}, "unit": "d5abbf1ab2f0d22b"}
+{"answer": ["Photographs", "Postcards"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "32d0db8bff8756d2", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Models", "pictures; engraving"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_education_c490f4ad55d8", "question": {"candidates": ["Models", "pictures; engraving", "Postcards", "Photographs"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are represented in the image \"32d0db8bff8756d2.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "32d0db8bff8756d2.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"models": "smithsonian_object_type:models", "photographs": "smithsonian_object_type:photographs", "pictures; engraving": "smithsonian_object_type:pictures; engraving", "postcards": "smithsonian_object_type:postcards"}, "unit": "32d0db8bff8756d2"}
+{"answer": ["Photographs", "Postcards"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "8a64e733525a89cb", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["coat; Army; US Military Academy; Cadet; Dress, Full", "desk and seat patent model fragment"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_education_96017a47fcc0", "question": {"candidates": ["coat; Army; US Military Academy; Cadet; Dress, Full", "desk and seat patent model fragment", "Photographs", "Postcards"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are shown in the image \"8a64e733525a89cb.jpg\", and which ones are not present?", "topic": "8a64e733525a89cb.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"coat; army; us military academy; cadet; dress, full": "smithsonian_object_type:coat; army; us military academy; cadet; dress, full", "desk and seat patent model fragment": "smithsonian_object_type:desk and seat patent model fragment", "photographs": "smithsonian_object_type:photographs", "postcards": "smithsonian_object_type:postcards"}, "unit": "8a64e733525a89cb"}
+{"answer": ["Photographs", "Stereographs"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "211f1f832f8c6934", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["desk patent model fragment", "mathematical chart"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_education_207fac49900e", "question": {"candidates": ["mathematical chart", "Photographs", "desk patent model fragment", "Stereographs"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"211f1f832f8c6934.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "211f1f832f8c6934.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"desk patent model fragment": "smithsonian_object_type:desk patent model fragment", "mathematical chart": "smithsonian_object_type:mathematical chart", "photographs": "smithsonian_object_type:photographs", "stereographs": "smithsonian_object_type:stereographs"}, "unit": "211f1f832f8c6934"}
+{"answer": ["Photographs", "Visiting cards"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "9e88e7e674d303b7", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Models", "Patents"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_education_fbe4e15466c5", "question": {"candidates": ["Visiting cards", "Photographs", "Models", "Patents"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"9e88e7e674d303b7.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "9e88e7e674d303b7.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"models": "smithsonian_object_type:models", "patents": "smithsonian_object_type:patents", "photographs": "smithsonian_object_type:photographs", "visiting cards": "smithsonian_object_type:visiting cards"}, "unit": "9e88e7e674d303b7"}
+{"answer": ["Photographs", "group portraits"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "49d43d61db1a5ec9", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Patents", "desk leg support patent model"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_education_f8de7f02303f", "question": {"candidates": ["Patents", "Photographs", "desk leg support patent model", "group portraits"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are represented in the image \"49d43d61db1a5ec9.jpg\", and which ones are not present?", "topic": "49d43d61db1a5ec9.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"desk leg support patent model": "smithsonian_object_type:desk leg support patent model", "group portraits": "smithsonian_object_type:group portraits", "patents": "smithsonian_object_type:patents", "photographs": "smithsonian_object_type:photographs"}, "unit": "49d43d61db1a5ec9"}
+{"answer": ["Photographs", "group portraits"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "c14ee8228dccd3f9", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Models", "Patents"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_education_d0118f86cd69", "question": {"candidates": ["Photographs", "group portraits", "Models", "Patents"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are shown in the image \"c14ee8228dccd3f9.jpg\", and which are not present?", "topic": "c14ee8228dccd3f9.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"group portraits": "smithsonian_object_type:group portraits", "models": "smithsonian_object_type:models", "patents": "smithsonian_object_type:patents", "photographs": "smithsonian_object_type:photographs"}, "unit": "c14ee8228dccd3f9"}
+{"answer": ["Portraits", "Prints"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "a75ff4ecb3868547", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Models", "educational toys"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_education_b28039553009", "question": {"candidates": ["Models", "Portraits", "educational toys", "Prints"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"a75ff4ecb3868547.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "a75ff4ecb3868547.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"educational toys": "smithsonian_object_type:educational toys", "models": "smithsonian_object_type:models", "portraits": "smithsonian_object_type:portraits", "prints": "smithsonian_object_type:prints"}, "unit": "a75ff4ecb3868547"}
+{"answer": ["Portraits", "Visiting cards"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "759b523e28e523cf", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Models", "Patents"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_education_97065aa12e74", "question": {"candidates": ["Patents", "Portraits", "Models", "Visiting cards"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are represented in the image \"759b523e28e523cf.jpg\", and which are not present in it?", "topic": "759b523e28e523cf.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"models": "smithsonian_object_type:models", "patents": "smithsonian_object_type:patents", "portraits": "smithsonian_object_type:portraits", "visiting cards": "smithsonian_object_type:visiting cards"}, "unit": "759b523e28e523cf"}
+{"answer": ["Portraits", "relief halftones"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "010d4cc9e4f7873e", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["desk, school", "school bell"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_education_4e5ad79247a7", "question": {"candidates": ["desk, school", "Portraits", "relief halftones", "school bell"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"010d4cc9e4f7873e.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "010d4cc9e4f7873e.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"desk, school": "smithsonian_object_type:desk, school", "portraits": "smithsonian_object_type:portraits", "relief halftones": "smithsonian_object_type:relief halftones", "school bell": "smithsonian_object_type:school bell"}, "unit": "010d4cc9e4f7873e"}
+{"answer": ["Portraits", "relief halftones"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "d3caa1b41dd90602", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Models", "Patents"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_education_bc4b60128133", "question": {"candidates": ["relief halftones", "Models", "Patents", "Portraits"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"d3caa1b41dd90602.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "d3caa1b41dd90602.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"models": "smithsonian_object_type:models", "patents": "smithsonian_object_type:patents", "portraits": "smithsonian_object_type:portraits", "relief halftones": "smithsonian_object_type:relief halftones"}, "unit": "d3caa1b41dd90602"}
+{"answer": ["Shirts", "Skirts (garments)"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "9be9b06469528619", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Models", "Patents"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_education_b664658b9135", "question": {"candidates": ["Skirts (garments)", "Models", "Shirts", "Patents"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are shown in the image \"9be9b06469528619.jpg\", and which ones are not present?", "topic": "9be9b06469528619.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"models": "smithsonian_object_type:models", "patents": "smithsonian_object_type:patents", "shirts": "smithsonian_object_type:shirts", "skirts (garments)": "smithsonian_object_type:skirts (garments)"}, "unit": "9be9b06469528619"}
+{"answer": ["jackets", "sports uniforms"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "dbd247f664da17f0", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Models", "Patents"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_education_8d2d5b182779", "question": {"candidates": ["Patents", "Models", "sports uniforms", "jackets"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are shown in the image \"dbd247f664da17f0.jpg\", and which are not present in it?", "topic": "dbd247f664da17f0.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"jackets": "smithsonian_object_type:jackets", "models": "smithsonian_object_type:models", "patents": "smithsonian_object_type:patents", "sports uniforms": "smithsonian_object_type:sports uniforms"}, "unit": "dbd247f664da17f0"}
+{"answer": ["lesson card", "mathematical chart"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "education", "dossier": "d24554bb2aa65bbc", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Photographs", "Portraits"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_education_8ef81c0cc517", "question": {"candidates": ["lesson card", "Photographs", "Portraits", "mathematical chart"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"d24554bb2aa65bbc.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "d24554bb2aa65bbc.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"lesson card": "smithsonian_object_type:lesson card", "mathematical chart": "smithsonian_object_type:mathematical chart", "photographs": "smithsonian_object_type:photographs", "portraits": "smithsonian_object_type:portraits"}, "unit": "d24554bb2aa65bbc"}
diff --git a/release/gold/T6/healthcare.jsonl b/release/gold/T6/healthcare.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..eb700d7eee3237180c41005582a85cda1dd6628c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/gold/T6/healthcare.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+{"answer": ["Abortion, Induced", "Abortion, Legal", "Health Equity", "Internship and Residency", "Maternal Health", "Obstetrics", "United States"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "58972f90fe4c1a0d", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Adolescent Behavior", "Anti-Bacterial Agents", "Contraceptive Agents", "Mental Disorders", "Mobility Limitation", "Rib Fractures", "Systematic Reviews as Topic"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_57ff62c6662d", "question": {"candidates": ["Adolescent Behavior", "Obstetrics", "Mobility Limitation", "Rib Fractures", "Mental Disorders", "United States", "Abortion, Induced", "Contraceptive Agents", "Abortion, Legal", "Anti-Bacterial Agents", "Systematic Reviews as Topic", "Internship and Residency", "Maternal Health", "Health Equity"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"58972f90fe4c1a0d.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "58972f90fe4c1a0d.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"abortion, induced": "mesh:Abortion, Induced", "abortion, legal": "mesh:Abortion, Legal", "adolescent behavior": "mesh:Adolescent Behavior", "anti-bacterial agents": "mesh:Anti-Bacterial Agents", "contraceptive agents": "mesh:Contraceptive Agents", "health equity": "mesh:Health Equity", "internship and residency": "mesh:Internship and Residency", "maternal health": "mesh:Maternal Health", "mental disorders": "mesh:Mental Disorders", "mobility limitation": "mesh:Mobility Limitation", "obstetrics": "mesh:Obstetrics", "rib fractures": "mesh:Rib Fractures", "systematic reviews as topic": "mesh:Systematic Reviews as Topic", "united states": "mesh:United States"}, "unit": "58972f90fe4c1a0d"}
+{"answer": ["Acinetobacter Infections", "Acinetobacter baumannii"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "fee56f4c941ea4d0", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)", "Wales"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_21c070444756", "question": {"candidates": ["Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)", "Wales", "Acinetobacter Infections", "Acinetobacter baumannii"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"fee56f4c941ea4d0.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "fee56f4c941ea4d0.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"acinetobacter baumannii": "mesh:Acinetobacter baumannii", "acinetobacter infections": "mesh:Acinetobacter Infections", "centers for disease control and prevention (u.s.)": "mesh:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)", "wales": "mesh:Wales"}, "unit": "fee56f4c941ea4d0"}
+{"answer": ["Acute Coronary Syndrome", "Anxiety", "Myocardial Infarction", "Prodromal Symptoms"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "75f19ce56b76be70", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Global Health", "Pandemics", "Private Sector", "SARS-CoV-2"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_ca7583cbcb63", "question": {"candidates": ["Global Health", "SARS-CoV-2", "Prodromal Symptoms", "Myocardial Infarction", "Acute Coronary Syndrome", "Anxiety", "Pandemics", "Private Sector"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"75f19ce56b76be70.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "75f19ce56b76be70.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"acute coronary syndrome": "mesh:Acute Coronary Syndrome", "anxiety": "mesh:Anxiety", "global health": "mesh:Global Health", "myocardial infarction": "mesh:Myocardial Infarction", "pandemics": "mesh:Pandemics", "private sector": "mesh:Private Sector", "prodromal symptoms": "mesh:Prodromal Symptoms", "sars-cov-2": "mesh:SARS-CoV-2"}, "unit": "75f19ce56b76be70"}
+{"answer": ["Adherence Interventions", "Breast Neoplasms", "Chemotherapy, Adjuvant", "Clinical Trials as Topic", "Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4", "Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6", "Focus Groups", "Medication Adherence", "Multicenter Studies as Topic", "Protein Kinase Inhibitors", "Qualitative Research", "United Kingdom"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "4dede61e5fa6a256", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Bibliometrics", "Culex", "Digital Media", "Government Programs", "Internship and Residency", "Nanostructures", "Postpartum Period", "Prisons", "Schools", "Scoping Reviews As Topic", "Sub-Saharan African People", "Terminology as Topic"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_3635c2b3cbf3", "question": {"candidates": ["Nanostructures", "Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4", "Postpartum Period", "Terminology as Topic", "Breast Neoplasms", "Culex", "Adherence Interventions", "Scoping Reviews As Topic", "Bibliometrics", "Medication Adherence", "Prisons", "Internship and Residency", "Multicenter Studies as Topic", "Focus Groups", "Sub-Saharan African People", "Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6", "United Kingdom", "Protein Kinase Inhibitors", "Digital Media", "Government Programs", "Schools", "Clinical Trials as Topic", "Chemotherapy, Adjuvant", "Qualitative Research"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"4dede61e5fa6a256.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "4dede61e5fa6a256.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"adherence interventions": "mesh:Adherence Interventions", "bibliometrics": "mesh:Bibliometrics", "breast neoplasms": "mesh:Breast Neoplasms", "chemotherapy, adjuvant": "mesh:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant", "clinical trials as topic": "mesh:Clinical Trials as Topic", "culex": "mesh:Culex", "cyclin-dependent kinase 4": "mesh:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4", "cyclin-dependent kinase 6": "mesh:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6", "digital media": "mesh:Digital Media", "focus groups": "mesh:Focus Groups", "government programs": "mesh:Government Programs", "internship and residency": "mesh:Internship and Residency", "medication adherence": "mesh:Medication Adherence", "multicenter studies as topic": "mesh:Multicenter Studies as Topic", "nanostructures": "mesh:Nanostructures", "postpartum period": "mesh:Postpartum Period", "prisons": "mesh:Prisons", "protein kinase inhibitors": "mesh:Protein Kinase Inhibitors", "qualitative research": "mesh:Qualitative Research", "schools": "mesh:Schools", "scoping reviews as topic": "mesh:Scoping Reviews As Topic", "sub-saharan african people": "mesh:Sub-Saharan African People", "terminology as topic": "mesh:Terminology as Topic", "united kingdom": "mesh:United Kingdom"}, "unit": "4dede61e5fa6a256"}
+{"answer": ["Adolescent Behavior", "Nurses", "Risk-Taking", "Scoping Reviews As Topic", "Violence"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "34b2c2eb86d2caa7", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Cesarean Section", "Early Detection of Cancer", "Greece", "HELLP Syndrome", "Obstetrics"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_da1122fc36b3", "question": {"candidates": ["Early Detection of Cancer", "Obstetrics", "Violence", "HELLP Syndrome", "Risk-Taking", "Scoping Reviews As Topic", "Nurses", "Greece", "Adolescent Behavior", "Cesarean Section"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"34b2c2eb86d2caa7.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "34b2c2eb86d2caa7.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"adolescent behavior": "mesh:Adolescent Behavior", "cesarean section": "mesh:Cesarean Section", "early detection of cancer": "mesh:Early Detection of Cancer", "greece": "mesh:Greece", "hellp syndrome": "mesh:HELLP Syndrome", "nurses": "mesh:Nurses", "obstetrics": "mesh:Obstetrics", "risk-taking": "mesh:Risk-Taking", "scoping reviews as topic": "mesh:Scoping Reviews As Topic", "violence": "mesh:Violence"}, "unit": "34b2c2eb86d2caa7"}
+{"answer": ["Adverse Reactions", "Africa", "Drug Therapy"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "36fad703703fbc15", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["HIV diagnosis and management", "Lung and Intrathoracic Tumors", "Pediatrics"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_0f4d99249a6d", "question": {"candidates": ["HIV diagnosis and management", "Lung and Intrathoracic Tumors", "Drug Therapy", "Pediatrics", "Africa", "Adverse Reactions"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"jats_subject:Discipline-v3\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"36fad703703fbc15.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "36fad703703fbc15.pdf", "vocabulary": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"adverse reactions": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/pharmacology/adverse reactions", "africa": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:people and places/geographical locations/africa", "drug therapy": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/pharmaceutics/drug therapy", "hiv diagnosis and management": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/diagnostic medicine/hiv diagnosis and management", "lung and intrathoracic tumors": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/oncology/cancers and neoplasms/lung and intrathoracic tumors", "pediatrics": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/pediatrics"}, "unit": "36fad703703fbc15"}
+{"answer": ["Aedes", "Anopheles", "Culex", "Mosquito Control", "Ochlerotatus"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "82d03ebf0a85b9d4", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Cantharidin", "Distemper", "Poliomyelitis", "Smallpox", "Tuberculosis, Miliary"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_3a99d0cc1c06", "question": {"candidates": ["Culex", "Ochlerotatus", "Mosquito Control", "Poliomyelitis", "Smallpox", "Tuberculosis, Miliary", "Aedes", "Anopheles", "Distemper", "Cantharidin"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"82d03ebf0a85b9d4.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "82d03ebf0a85b9d4.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"aedes": "mesh:Aedes", "anopheles": "mesh:Anopheles", "cantharidin": "mesh:Cantharidin", "culex": "mesh:Culex", "distemper": "mesh:Distemper", "mosquito control": "mesh:Mosquito Control", "ochlerotatus": "mesh:Ochlerotatus", "poliomyelitis": "mesh:Poliomyelitis", "smallpox": "mesh:Smallpox", "tuberculosis, miliary": "mesh:Tuberculosis, Miliary"}, "unit": "82d03ebf0a85b9d4"}
+{"answer": ["Aedes", "Communicable Disease Control", "Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever", "Disease Vectors"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "42375be0b2a5e6f5", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Copper", "Guinea", "Microscopy", "X-Ray Film"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_f2b6aac393d0", "question": {"candidates": ["Guinea", "Microscopy", "Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever", "Communicable Disease Control", "Aedes", "Copper", "Disease Vectors", "X-Ray Film"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"42375be0b2a5e6f5.jpg\", and which are not present in it?", "topic": "42375be0b2a5e6f5.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"aedes": "mesh:Aedes", "communicable disease control": "mesh:Communicable Disease Control", "copper": "mesh:Copper", "dengue hemorrhagic fever": "mesh:Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever", "disease vectors": "mesh:Disease Vectors", "guinea": "mesh:Guinea", "microscopy": "mesh:Microscopy", "x-ray film": "mesh:X-Ray Film"}, "unit": "42375be0b2a5e6f5"}
+{"answer": ["Africa South of the Sahara", "Malaria", "Time-to-Treatment"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "36fad703703fbc15", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Hispanic or Latino", "SARS-CoV-2", "Violence"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_8baadd7ebae3", "question": {"candidates": ["Malaria", "Hispanic or Latino", "Violence", "SARS-CoV-2", "Africa South of the Sahara", "Time-to-Treatment"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"36fad703703fbc15.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "36fad703703fbc15.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"africa south of the sahara": "mesh:Africa South of the Sahara", "hispanic or latino": "mesh:Hispanic or Latino", "malaria": "mesh:Malaria", "sars-cov-2": "mesh:SARS-CoV-2", "time-to-treatment": "mesh:Time-to-Treatment", "violence": "mesh:Violence"}, "unit": "36fad703703fbc15"}
+{"answer": ["Alabama", "Guinea", "Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola", "Liberia", "Nigeria", "Sierra Leone"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "2bce1498d888acac", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Chlorine", "Chlorine Compounds", "DDT", "Mercury", "Polychloroterphenyl Compounds", "Toxins"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_2da8ee7c6541", "question": {"candidates": ["Sierra Leone", "Alabama", "Liberia", "Chlorine", "DDT", "Nigeria", "Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola", "Polychloroterphenyl Compounds", "Toxins", "Chlorine Compounds", "Guinea", "Mercury"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"2bce1498d888acac.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "2bce1498d888acac.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"alabama": "mesh:Alabama", "chlorine": "mesh:Chlorine", "chlorine compounds": "mesh:Chlorine Compounds", "ddt": "mesh:DDT", "guinea": "mesh:Guinea", "hemorrhagic fever, ebola": "mesh:Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola", "liberia": "mesh:Liberia", "mercury": "mesh:Mercury", "nigeria": "mesh:Nigeria", "polychloroterphenyl compounds": "mesh:Polychloroterphenyl Compounds", "sierra leone": "mesh:Sierra Leone", "toxins": "mesh:Toxins"}, "unit": "2bce1498d888acac"}
+{"answer": ["Algae", "Bacteria", "Carbon Tetrachloride", "Chlorine", "Chlorine Compounds", "Copper", "DDT", "Lead", "Mercury", "Polychlorinated Biphenyls", "Polychloroterphenyl Compounds", "Toxins"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "1889769161531b0e", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Acinetobacter Infections", "Anthrax", "Blood Cells", "Communicable Diseases", "Dermatomycoses", "Hematologic Diseases", "Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola", "Influenza", "Malaria", "Pestivirus Infections", "Rabies", "Smallpox"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_bc97f9ff2af8", "question": {"candidates": ["Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola", "Copper", "Chlorine Compounds", "Bacteria", "Carbon Tetrachloride", "Anthrax", "Algae", "Communicable Diseases", "Rabies", "Lead", "Mercury", "Dermatomycoses", "Smallpox", "Polychloroterphenyl Compounds", "Acinetobacter Infections", "Blood Cells", "DDT", "Malaria", "Polychlorinated Biphenyls", "Chlorine", "Hematologic Diseases", "Influenza", "Pestivirus Infections", "Toxins"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"1889769161531b0e.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "1889769161531b0e.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"acinetobacter infections": "mesh:Acinetobacter Infections", "algae": "mesh:Algae", "anthrax": "mesh:Anthrax", "bacteria": "mesh:Bacteria", "blood cells": "mesh:Blood Cells", "carbon tetrachloride": "mesh:Carbon Tetrachloride", "chlorine": "mesh:Chlorine", "chlorine compounds": "mesh:Chlorine Compounds", "communicable diseases": "mesh:Communicable Diseases", "copper": "mesh:Copper", "ddt": "mesh:DDT", "dermatomycoses": "mesh:Dermatomycoses", "hematologic diseases": "mesh:Hematologic Diseases", "hemorrhagic fever, ebola": "mesh:Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola", "influenza": "mesh:Influenza", "lead": "mesh:Lead", "malaria": "mesh:Malaria", "mercury": "mesh:Mercury", "pestivirus infections": "mesh:Pestivirus Infections", "polychlorinated biphenyls": "mesh:Polychlorinated Biphenyls", "polychloroterphenyl compounds": "mesh:Polychloroterphenyl Compounds", "rabies": "mesh:Rabies", "smallpox": "mesh:Smallpox", "toxins": "mesh:Toxins"}, "unit": "1889769161531b0e"}
+{"answer": ["Allantois", "Chickens", "Chorion", "Poxviridae", "Poxviridae Infections", "Yolk Sac"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "9dd49477678c1447", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Anti-HIV Agents", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Mercury", "Nigeria", "Polychloroterphenyl Compounds", "Sudan"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_05af7a36eaae", "question": {"candidates": ["Allantois", "Chickens", "Poxviridae Infections", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Anti-HIV Agents", "Yolk Sac", "Mercury", "Nigeria", "Polychloroterphenyl Compounds", "Chorion", "Poxviridae", "Sudan"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"9dd49477678c1447.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "9dd49477678c1447.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"allantois": "mesh:Allantois", "anti-hiv agents": "mesh:Anti-HIV Agents", "chickens": "mesh:Chickens", "chorion": "mesh:Chorion", "democratic republic of the congo": "mesh:Democratic Republic of the Congo", "mercury": "mesh:Mercury", "nigeria": "mesh:Nigeria", "polychloroterphenyl compounds": "mesh:Polychloroterphenyl Compounds", "poxviridae": "mesh:Poxviridae", "poxviridae infections": "mesh:Poxviridae Infections", "sudan": "mesh:Sudan", "yolk sac": "mesh:Yolk Sac"}, "unit": "9dd49477678c1447"}
+{"answer": ["Allergens", "Allergy and Immunology", "Cornus", "Pollen"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "5f0f9500229d96bc", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Ascorbic Acid Deficiency", "Legionnaires' Disease", "Liberia", "Sudan"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_7a40de5f07ac", "question": {"candidates": ["Ascorbic Acid Deficiency", "Sudan", "Legionnaires' Disease", "Allergens", "Liberia", "Pollen", "Cornus", "Allergy and Immunology"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"5f0f9500229d96bc.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "5f0f9500229d96bc.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"allergens": "mesh:Allergens", "allergy and immunology": "mesh:Allergy and Immunology", "ascorbic acid deficiency": "mesh:Ascorbic Acid Deficiency", "cornus": "mesh:Cornus", "legionnaires' disease": "mesh:Legionnaires' Disease", "liberia": "mesh:Liberia", "pollen": "mesh:Pollen", "sudan": "mesh:Sudan"}, "unit": "5f0f9500229d96bc"}
+{"answer": ["Analgesics, Opioid", "Nerve Block", "Pain Management", "Pain Measurement", "Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic", "Rib Fractures", "Treatment Outcome"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "d16cfc3051d0c1de", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Australia", "Chiropractic", "Mobile Applications", "Obstetrics", "Persons with Disabilities", "Review Literature as Topic", "Sri Lanka"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_9f555fc301d4", "question": {"candidates": ["Nerve Block", "Analgesics, Opioid", "Obstetrics", "Treatment Outcome", "Mobile Applications", "Pain Management", "Rib Fractures", "Chiropractic", "Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic", "Review Literature as Topic", "Pain Measurement", "Australia", "Persons with Disabilities", "Sri Lanka"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"d16cfc3051d0c1de.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "d16cfc3051d0c1de.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"analgesics, opioid": "mesh:Analgesics, Opioid", "australia": "mesh:Australia", "chiropractic": "mesh:Chiropractic", "mobile applications": "mesh:Mobile Applications", "nerve block": "mesh:Nerve Block", "obstetrics": "mesh:Obstetrics", "pain management": "mesh:Pain Management", "pain measurement": "mesh:Pain Measurement", "persons with disabilities": "mesh:Persons with Disabilities", "randomized controlled trials as topic": "mesh:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic", "review literature as topic": "mesh:Review Literature as Topic", "rib fractures": "mesh:Rib Fractures", "sri lanka": "mesh:Sri Lanka", "treatment outcome": "mesh:Treatment Outcome"}, "unit": "d16cfc3051d0c1de"}
+{"answer": ["Animal Diseases", "Arbovirus Infections", "Arboviruses", "Diagnosis", "Diagnostic Equipment", "Health Occupations"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "df3d5bb5e20ea42c", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Clinical Laboratory Information Systems", "Laboratory Personnel", "Marital Status", "Mother-Child Relations", "Single Parent", "Tooth Calcification"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_5177f156ceaa", "question": {"candidates": ["Laboratory Personnel", "Diagnostic Equipment", "Diagnosis", "Arbovirus Infections", "Single Parent", "Health Occupations", "Clinical Laboratory Information Systems", "Animal Diseases", "Mother-Child Relations", "Arboviruses", "Marital Status", "Tooth Calcification"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"df3d5bb5e20ea42c.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "df3d5bb5e20ea42c.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"animal diseases": "mesh:Animal Diseases", "arbovirus infections": "mesh:Arbovirus Infections", "arboviruses": "mesh:Arboviruses", "clinical laboratory information systems": "mesh:Clinical Laboratory Information Systems", "diagnosis": "mesh:Diagnosis", "diagnostic equipment": "mesh:Diagnostic Equipment", "health occupations": "mesh:Health Occupations", "laboratory personnel": "mesh:Laboratory Personnel", "marital status": "mesh:Marital Status", "mother-child relations": "mesh:Mother-Child Relations", "single parent": "mesh:Single Parent", "tooth calcification": "mesh:Tooth Calcification"}, "unit": "df3d5bb5e20ea42c"}
+{"answer": ["Animal Diseases", "Diagnosis", "Immune System", "Schistosoma mansoni", "Schistosomiasis mansoni", "Skin"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "1feb859878251cd1", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Food Contamination", "Pesticide Residues", "Public Health", "Sierra Leone", "Transients and Migrants", "United States Government Agencies"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_ff02ebc80eb3", "question": {"candidates": ["Diagnosis", "Food Contamination", "Animal Diseases", "Skin", "Transients and Migrants", "United States Government Agencies", "Schistosomiasis mansoni", "Schistosoma mansoni", "Pesticide Residues", "Sierra Leone", "Public Health", "Immune System"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"1feb859878251cd1.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "1feb859878251cd1.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"animal diseases": "mesh:Animal Diseases", "diagnosis": "mesh:Diagnosis", "food contamination": "mesh:Food Contamination", "immune system": "mesh:Immune System", "pesticide residues": "mesh:Pesticide Residues", "public health": "mesh:Public Health", "schistosoma mansoni": "mesh:Schistosoma mansoni", "schistosomiasis mansoni": "mesh:Schistosomiasis mansoni", "sierra leone": "mesh:Sierra Leone", "skin": "mesh:Skin", "transients and migrants": "mesh:Transients and Migrants", "united states government agencies": "mesh:United States Government Agencies"}, "unit": "1feb859878251cd1"}
+{"answer": ["Animal Diseases", "Plague"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "f16039cdabd7c433", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Environment", "New Brunswick"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_c707bec41e61", "question": {"candidates": ["Animal Diseases", "New Brunswick", "Plague", "Environment"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"f16039cdabd7c433.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "f16039cdabd7c433.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"animal diseases": "mesh:Animal Diseases", "environment": "mesh:Environment", "new brunswick": "mesh:New Brunswick", "plague": "mesh:Plague"}, "unit": "f16039cdabd7c433"}
+{"answer": ["Animal Diseases", "Rabies", "Rabies virus"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "5f4e476e7cba4fd4", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Equipment and Supplies", "Food Analysis", "Insect Control"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_e7fbd985ba2f", "question": {"candidates": ["Insect Control", "Rabies", "Animal Diseases", "Food Analysis", "Rabies virus", "Equipment and Supplies"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"5f4e476e7cba4fd4.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "5f4e476e7cba4fd4.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"animal diseases": "mesh:Animal Diseases", "equipment and supplies": "mesh:Equipment and Supplies", "food analysis": "mesh:Food Analysis", "insect control": "mesh:Insect Control", "rabies": "mesh:Rabies", "rabies virus": "mesh:Rabies virus"}, "unit": "5f4e476e7cba4fd4"}
+{"answer": ["Anopheles", "Mosquito Control", "Pupa"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "99f465e08abf8919", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Melioidosis", "Opportunistic Infections", "Sierra Leone"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_c01f85bc1ca8", "question": {"candidates": ["Sierra Leone", "Mosquito Control", "Opportunistic Infections", "Pupa", "Melioidosis", "Anopheles"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"99f465e08abf8919.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "99f465e08abf8919.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"anopheles": "mesh:Anopheles", "melioidosis": "mesh:Melioidosis", "mosquito control": "mesh:Mosquito Control", "opportunistic infections": "mesh:Opportunistic Infections", "pupa": "mesh:Pupa", "sierra leone": "mesh:Sierra Leone"}, "unit": "99f465e08abf8919"}
+{"answer": ["Anthrax", "Bacillus anthracis", "Diagnosis"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "ca38fa3240e53ff3", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Guinea", "Insecticide Resistance"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_e6f730ff3998", "question": {"candidates": ["Diagnosis", "Anthrax", "Guinea", "Bacillus anthracis", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Insecticide Resistance"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"ca38fa3240e53ff3.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "ca38fa3240e53ff3.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"anthrax": "mesh:Anthrax", "bacillus anthracis": "mesh:Bacillus anthracis", "democratic republic of the congo": "mesh:Democratic Republic of the Congo", "diagnosis": "mesh:Diagnosis", "guinea": "mesh:Guinea", "insecticide resistance": "mesh:Insecticide Resistance"}, "unit": "ca38fa3240e53ff3"}
+{"answer": ["Anthrax", "Bacillus anthracis"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "4bed9e8682621f4b", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Diagnostic Equipment", "Insect Repellents"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_bc35dd3765ba", "question": {"candidates": ["Diagnostic Equipment", "Insect Repellents", "Anthrax", "Bacillus anthracis"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"4bed9e8682621f4b.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "4bed9e8682621f4b.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"anthrax": "mesh:Anthrax", "bacillus anthracis": "mesh:Bacillus anthracis", "diagnostic equipment": "mesh:Diagnostic Equipment", "insect repellents": "mesh:Insect Repellents"}, "unit": "4bed9e8682621f4b"}
+{"answer": ["Anti-Bacterial Agents", "Bentonite", "Cetylpyridinium", "Clay", "Composite Resins", "Delayed-Action Preparations", "Dental Caries", "Dental Materials", "Dental Restoration, Permanent", "Drug Carriers", "Nanostructures", "Nanotubes"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "cb8981abf5091c52", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Brazil", "Concept Formation", "Databases, Factual", "Empirical Research", "India", "Internet", "North America", "Pediatrics", "Qualitative Research", "Review Literature as Topic", "Satellite Communications", "United Kingdom"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_e1ef7a09f703", "question": {"candidates": ["Qualitative Research", "Brazil", "Dental Restoration, Permanent", "Anti-Bacterial Agents", "Bentonite", "Empirical Research", "India", "Dental Caries", "Cetylpyridinium", "Composite Resins", "Concept Formation", "Databases, Factual", "Dental Materials", "North America", "United Kingdom", "Delayed-Action Preparations", "Satellite Communications", "Clay", "Review Literature as Topic", "Internet", "Nanotubes", "Pediatrics", "Drug Carriers", "Nanostructures"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"cb8981abf5091c52.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "cb8981abf5091c52.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"anti-bacterial agents": "mesh:Anti-Bacterial Agents", "bentonite": "mesh:Bentonite", "brazil": "mesh:Brazil", "cetylpyridinium": "mesh:Cetylpyridinium", "clay": "mesh:Clay", "composite resins": "mesh:Composite Resins", "concept formation": "mesh:Concept Formation", "databases, factual": "mesh:Databases, Factual", "delayed-action preparations": "mesh:Delayed-Action Preparations", "dental caries": "mesh:Dental Caries", "dental materials": "mesh:Dental Materials", "dental restoration, permanent": "mesh:Dental Restoration, Permanent", "drug carriers": "mesh:Drug Carriers", "empirical research": "mesh:Empirical Research", "india": "mesh:India", "internet": "mesh:Internet", "nanostructures": "mesh:Nanostructures", "nanotubes": "mesh:Nanotubes", "north america": "mesh:North America", "pediatrics": "mesh:Pediatrics", "qualitative research": "mesh:Qualitative Research", "review literature as topic": "mesh:Review Literature as Topic", "satellite communications": "mesh:Satellite Communications", "united kingdom": "mesh:United Kingdom"}, "unit": "cb8981abf5091c52"}
+{"answer": ["Anti-HIV Agents", "HIV", "HIV Antibodies", "HIV Antigens", "Nevirapine", "Uganda"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "7d7c73b99433d247", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Animal Diseases", "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)", "Disease", "Immunization", "Public Health", "World Health Organization"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_6ff6e63978d3", "question": {"candidates": ["HIV", "Animal Diseases", "Uganda", "Nevirapine", "HIV Antigens", "Public Health", "HIV Antibodies", "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)", "Anti-HIV Agents", "World Health Organization", "Disease", "Immunization"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"7d7c73b99433d247.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "7d7c73b99433d247.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"animal diseases": "mesh:Animal Diseases", "anti-hiv agents": "mesh:Anti-HIV Agents", "centers for disease control and prevention (u.s.)": "mesh:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)", "disease": "mesh:Disease", "hiv": "mesh:HIV", "hiv antibodies": "mesh:HIV Antibodies", "hiv antigens": "mesh:HIV Antigens", "immunization": "mesh:Immunization", "nevirapine": "mesh:Nevirapine", "public health": "mesh:Public Health", "uganda": "mesh:Uganda", "world health organization": "mesh:World Health Organization"}, "unit": "7d7c73b99433d247"}
+{"answer": ["Anti-Retroviral Agents", "Dental Caries", "HIV Infections"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "f0f263936c9e2af6", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Nurse's Role", "Palliative Care", "Reproducibility of Results"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_d6135f87f031", "question": {"candidates": ["Nurse's Role", "HIV Infections", "Palliative Care", "Anti-Retroviral Agents", "Reproducibility of Results", "Dental Caries"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"f0f263936c9e2af6.pdf\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "f0f263936c9e2af6.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"anti-retroviral agents": "mesh:Anti-Retroviral Agents", "dental caries": "mesh:Dental Caries", "hiv infections": "mesh:HIV Infections", "nurse's role": "mesh:Nurse's Role", "palliative care": "mesh:Palliative Care", "reproducibility of results": "mesh:Reproducibility of Results"}, "unit": "f0f263936c9e2af6"}
+{"answer": ["Antimalarials", "Malaria", "Malaria Vaccines"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "d2fa8d7575cce9a7", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Chorion", "Rodent Control", "Yolk Sac"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_ce32ab2045da", "question": {"candidates": ["Rodent Control", "Yolk Sac", "Chorion", "Malaria Vaccines", "Antimalarials", "Malaria"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"d2fa8d7575cce9a7.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "d2fa8d7575cce9a7.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"antimalarials": "mesh:Antimalarials", "chorion": "mesh:Chorion", "malaria": "mesh:Malaria", "malaria vaccines": "mesh:Malaria Vaccines", "rodent control": "mesh:Rodent Control", "yolk sac": "mesh:Yolk Sac"}, "unit": "d2fa8d7575cce9a7"}
+{"answer": ["Antipsychotic Agents", "Metabolic Diseases", "Psychotic Disorders", "Weight Gain"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "59f9453c25c17245", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Clinical Competence", "General Practitioners", "Health Policy", "Surveys and Questionnaires"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_700a8834e93b", "question": {"candidates": ["Surveys and Questionnaires", "Antipsychotic Agents", "General Practitioners", "Health Policy", "Psychotic Disorders", "Weight Gain", "Metabolic Diseases", "Clinical Competence"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"59f9453c25c17245.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "59f9453c25c17245.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"antipsychotic agents": "mesh:Antipsychotic Agents", "clinical competence": "mesh:Clinical Competence", "general practitioners": "mesh:General Practitioners", "health policy": "mesh:Health Policy", "metabolic diseases": "mesh:Metabolic Diseases", "psychotic disorders": "mesh:Psychotic Disorders", "surveys and questionnaires": "mesh:Surveys and Questionnaires", "weight gain": "mesh:Weight Gain"}, "unit": "59f9453c25c17245"}
+{"answer": ["Anxiety", "Anxiety Disorders", "Depression", "Mobile Applications"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "8a16fec3bccdc318", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Composite Resins", "Dental Caries", "Dental Restoration, Permanent", "Drug Carriers"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_06c8f90a715f", "question": {"candidates": ["Composite Resins", "Dental Caries", "Anxiety Disorders", "Anxiety", "Dental Restoration, Permanent", "Drug Carriers", "Depression", "Mobile Applications"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"8a16fec3bccdc318.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "8a16fec3bccdc318.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"anxiety": "mesh:Anxiety", "anxiety disorders": "mesh:Anxiety Disorders", "composite resins": "mesh:Composite Resins", "dental caries": "mesh:Dental Caries", "dental restoration, permanent": "mesh:Dental Restoration, Permanent", "depression": "mesh:Depression", "drug carriers": "mesh:Drug Carriers", "mobile applications": "mesh:Mobile Applications"}, "unit": "8a16fec3bccdc318"}
+{"answer": ["Apicomplexa", "Blood Cells", "Hematologic Diseases", "Malaria"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "5cb2ee4d967d3275", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Chitin", "Immunization", "Pesticide Synergists", "Zambia"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_f72d06e3ef99", "question": {"candidates": ["Pesticide Synergists", "Chitin", "Apicomplexa", "Hematologic Diseases", "Zambia", "Immunization", "Blood Cells", "Malaria"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"5cb2ee4d967d3275.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "5cb2ee4d967d3275.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"apicomplexa": "mesh:Apicomplexa", "blood cells": "mesh:Blood Cells", "chitin": "mesh:Chitin", "hematologic diseases": "mesh:Hematologic Diseases", "immunization": "mesh:Immunization", "malaria": "mesh:Malaria", "pesticide synergists": "mesh:Pesticide Synergists", "zambia": "mesh:Zambia"}, "unit": "5cb2ee4d967d3275"}
+{"answer": ["Arbovirus Infections", "Arboviruses", "Audiovisual Aids", "Mosquito Control", "Staff Development", "Students", "Teaching Materials", "Training Support"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "13d7b3b09a59bbaa", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Allantois", "Antimalarials", "Brazil", "Copper", "HIV Antibodies", "Malaria Vaccines", "Nevirapine", "Smallpox Vaccine"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_a4bde162615d", "question": {"candidates": ["Students", "Copper", "Nevirapine", "Allantois", "Teaching Materials", "Arbovirus Infections", "HIV Antibodies", "Antimalarials", "Arboviruses", "Training Support", "Malaria Vaccines", "Staff Development", "Audiovisual Aids", "Brazil", "Mosquito Control", "Smallpox Vaccine"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"13d7b3b09a59bbaa.jpg\", and which ones are not present in it?", "topic": "13d7b3b09a59bbaa.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"allantois": "mesh:Allantois", "antimalarials": "mesh:Antimalarials", "arbovirus infections": "mesh:Arbovirus Infections", "arboviruses": "mesh:Arboviruses", "audiovisual aids": "mesh:Audiovisual Aids", "brazil": "mesh:Brazil", "copper": "mesh:Copper", "hiv antibodies": "mesh:HIV Antibodies", "malaria vaccines": "mesh:Malaria Vaccines", "mosquito control": "mesh:Mosquito Control", "nevirapine": "mesh:Nevirapine", "smallpox vaccine": "mesh:Smallpox Vaccine", "staff development": "mesh:Staff Development", "students": "mesh:Students", "teaching materials": "mesh:Teaching Materials", "training support": "mesh:Training Support"}, "unit": "13d7b3b09a59bbaa"}
+{"answer": ["Arthropod Venoms", "Hymenoptera", "Microscopy, Electron, Scanning", "Photomicrography"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "e2e941c0e287e5fe", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Coronavirus Infections", "Eye Diseases", "Hematologic Diseases", "Nurses"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_f0708b286825", "question": {"candidates": ["Nurses", "Eye Diseases", "Hematologic Diseases", "Photomicrography", "Hymenoptera", "Coronavirus Infections", "Microscopy, Electron, Scanning", "Arthropod Venoms"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"e2e941c0e287e5fe.jpg\", and which labels are missing from it?", "topic": "e2e941c0e287e5fe.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"arthropod venoms": "mesh:Arthropod Venoms", "coronavirus infections": "mesh:Coronavirus Infections", "eye diseases": "mesh:Eye Diseases", "hematologic diseases": "mesh:Hematologic Diseases", "hymenoptera": "mesh:Hymenoptera", "microscopy, electron, scanning": "mesh:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning", "nurses": "mesh:Nurses", "photomicrography": "mesh:Photomicrography"}, "unit": "e2e941c0e287e5fe"}
+{"answer": ["Ascomycota", "Dermatomycoses", "Skin Diseases, Infectious"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "c94944354d7f2ad1", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Mass Immunization", "Railroads", "Smallpox Vaccine"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_75e93f1b1905", "question": {"candidates": ["Mass Immunization", "Dermatomycoses", "Smallpox Vaccine", "Railroads", "Ascomycota", "Skin Diseases, Infectious"], "text": "Which of the candidate 'mesh' labels are shown in the image \"c94944354d7f2ad1.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "c94944354d7f2ad1.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"ascomycota": "mesh:Ascomycota", "dermatomycoses": "mesh:Dermatomycoses", "mass immunization": "mesh:Mass Immunization", "railroads": "mesh:Railroads", "skin diseases, infectious": "mesh:Skin Diseases, Infectious", "smallpox vaccine": "mesh:Smallpox Vaccine"}, "unit": "c94944354d7f2ad1"}
+{"answer": ["Ascorbic Acid", "Ascorbic Acid Deficiency", "Lettuce"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "203ff89e5e99d0f9", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Alabama", "Bangladesh", "Mosquito Control"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_5f04e25ea01f", "question": {"candidates": ["Lettuce", "Alabama", "Bangladesh", "Mosquito Control", "Ascorbic Acid Deficiency", "Ascorbic Acid"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"203ff89e5e99d0f9.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "203ff89e5e99d0f9.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"alabama": "mesh:Alabama", "ascorbic acid": "mesh:Ascorbic Acid", "ascorbic acid deficiency": "mesh:Ascorbic Acid Deficiency", "bangladesh": "mesh:Bangladesh", "lettuce": "mesh:Lettuce", "mosquito control": "mesh:Mosquito Control"}, "unit": "203ff89e5e99d0f9"}
+{"answer": ["Asia, Southeastern", "Myanmar", "Refugees"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "180a75df824d6c95", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Endodontics", "Hematologic Neoplasms", "Osteoradionecrosis"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_e0ec03625219", "question": {"candidates": ["Endodontics", "Refugees", "Hematologic Neoplasms", "Asia, Southeastern", "Osteoradionecrosis", "Myanmar"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"180a75df824d6c95.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "180a75df824d6c95.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"asia, southeastern": "mesh:Asia, Southeastern", "endodontics": "mesh:Endodontics", "hematologic neoplasms": "mesh:Hematologic Neoplasms", "myanmar": "mesh:Myanmar", "osteoradionecrosis": "mesh:Osteoradionecrosis", "refugees": "mesh:Refugees"}, "unit": "180a75df824d6c95"}
+{"answer": ["Asthma", "Brazil", "Indigenous Peoples", "Respiratory Sounds"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "5a4bbff4b6cfeca0", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Analgesics, Opioid", "Disability Discrimination", "Professional Role", "Qualitative Research"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_9b13646de561", "question": {"candidates": ["Qualitative Research", "Asthma", "Brazil", "Disability Discrimination", "Professional Role", "Respiratory Sounds", "Indigenous Peoples", "Analgesics, Opioid"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"5a4bbff4b6cfeca0.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "5a4bbff4b6cfeca0.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"analgesics, opioid": "mesh:Analgesics, Opioid", "asthma": "mesh:Asthma", "brazil": "mesh:Brazil", "disability discrimination": "mesh:Disability Discrimination", "indigenous peoples": "mesh:Indigenous Peoples", "professional role": "mesh:Professional Role", "qualitative research": "mesh:Qualitative Research", "respiratory sounds": "mesh:Respiratory Sounds"}, "unit": "5a4bbff4b6cfeca0"}
+{"answer": ["Asthma", "Food Allergies", "Indigenous Populations", "Medical Risk Factors", "Respiratory Infections", "Smoking Habits", "Systematic Reviews"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "5a4bbff4b6cfeca0", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Allied Health Care Professionals", "Child Health", "HIV diagnosis and management", "Health Systems Strengthening", "Malawi", "Pediatrics", "Pharmacists"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_ab49cc957aee", "question": {"candidates": ["Smoking Habits", "Child Health", "Malawi", "Food Allergies", "Health Systems Strengthening", "Respiratory Infections", "Pediatrics", "Indigenous Populations", "Pharmacists", "Allied Health Care Professionals", "Asthma", "Systematic Reviews", "Medical Risk Factors", "HIV diagnosis and management"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"jats_subject:Discipline-v3\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"5a4bbff4b6cfeca0.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "5a4bbff4b6cfeca0.pdf", "vocabulary": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"allied health care professionals": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/health care/health care providers/allied health care professionals", "asthma": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/pulmonology/respiratory disorders/asthma", "child health": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/pediatrics/child health", "food allergies": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/immunology/clinical immunology/allergies/allergic diseases/food allergies", "health systems strengthening": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/health care/health care policy/health systems strengthening", "hiv diagnosis and management": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/diagnostic medicine/hiv diagnosis and management", "indigenous populations": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:social sciences/anthropology/indigenous populations", "malawi": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:people and places/geographical locations/africa/malawi", "medical risk factors": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/epidemiology/medical risk factors", "pediatrics": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/pediatrics", "pharmacists": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:people and places/population groupings/professions/medical personnel/pharmacists", "respiratory infections": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/pulmonology/respiratory disorders/respiratory infections", "smoking habits": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:social sciences/psychology/behavior/habits/smoking habits", "systematic reviews": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:research and analysis methods/research assessment/systematic reviews"}, "unit": "5a4bbff4b6cfeca0"}
+{"answer": ["Australia", "Europe", "North America", "Reproductive Techniques, Assisted"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "7a99e5406466bd7b", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Rural Health Services", "Socioeconomic Disparities in Health", "Socioeconomic Factors", "Women's Health"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_9a5e6972f367", "question": {"candidates": ["Women's Health", "Socioeconomic Factors", "Reproductive Techniques, Assisted", "Australia", "Rural Health Services", "Europe", "Socioeconomic Disparities in Health", "North America"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"7a99e5406466bd7b.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "7a99e5406466bd7b.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"australia": "mesh:Australia", "europe": "mesh:Europe", "north america": "mesh:North America", "reproductive techniques, assisted": "mesh:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted", "rural health services": "mesh:Rural Health Services", "socioeconomic disparities in health": "mesh:Socioeconomic Disparities in Health", "socioeconomic factors": "mesh:Socioeconomic Factors", "women's health": "mesh:Women's Health"}, "unit": "7a99e5406466bd7b"}
+{"answer": ["BCG Vaccine", "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "Pakistan", "Tuberculosis, Miliary"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "4769dba21c34719b", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Cognitive Science", "Immunization Programs", "Nurses' Aides", "Virus Cultivation"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_058e47181aa5", "question": {"candidates": ["Pakistan", "Immunization Programs", "BCG Vaccine", "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "Tuberculosis, Miliary", "Cognitive Science", "Virus Cultivation", "Nurses' Aides"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"4769dba21c34719b.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "4769dba21c34719b.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"bcg vaccine": "mesh:BCG Vaccine", "cognitive science": "mesh:Cognitive Science", "immunization programs": "mesh:Immunization Programs", "mycobacterium tuberculosis": "mesh:Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "nurses' aides": "mesh:Nurses' Aides", "pakistan": "mesh:Pakistan", "tuberculosis, miliary": "mesh:Tuberculosis, Miliary", "virus cultivation": "mesh:Virus Cultivation"}, "unit": "4769dba21c34719b"}
+{"answer": ["Bacillaceae Infections", "Botulism"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "8327b682270be181", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Polychlorinated Biphenyls", "Public Health"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_36db29447892", "question": {"candidates": ["Botulism", "Public Health", "Bacillaceae Infections", "Polychlorinated Biphenyls"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"8327b682270be181.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "8327b682270be181.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"bacillaceae infections": "mesh:Bacillaceae Infections", "botulism": "mesh:Botulism", "polychlorinated biphenyls": "mesh:Polychlorinated Biphenyls", "public health": "mesh:Public Health"}, "unit": "8327b682270be181"}
+{"answer": ["Bacteria", "Carbon Tetrachloride", "Chlorine", "Chlorine Compounds", "Copper", "DDT", "Diatoms", "Lead", "Mercury", "Polychlorinated Biphenyls", "Polychloroterphenyl Compounds", "Toxins"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "6a6e67d126613e74", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Anthrax", "Caregivers", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Dermatomycoses", "Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola", "Malaria", "Poxviridae Infections", "Rodent Diseases", "Smallpox", "Staff Development", "Students", "Teaching Materials"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_0c7ae7fe171b", "question": {"candidates": ["Teaching Materials", "Carbon Tetrachloride", "Lead", "Chlorine", "Dermatomycoses", "Polychlorinated Biphenyls", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Polychloroterphenyl Compounds", "Caregivers", "Staff Development", "Rodent Diseases", "DDT", "Poxviridae Infections", "Chlorine Compounds", "Students", "Copper", "Anthrax", "Diatoms", "Bacteria", "Mercury", "Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola", "Smallpox", "Toxins", "Malaria"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"6a6e67d126613e74.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "6a6e67d126613e74.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"anthrax": "mesh:Anthrax", "bacteria": "mesh:Bacteria", "carbon tetrachloride": "mesh:Carbon Tetrachloride", "caregivers": "mesh:Caregivers", "chlorine": "mesh:Chlorine", "chlorine compounds": "mesh:Chlorine Compounds", "copper": "mesh:Copper", "ddt": "mesh:DDT", "democratic republic of the congo": "mesh:Democratic Republic of the Congo", "dermatomycoses": "mesh:Dermatomycoses", "diatoms": "mesh:Diatoms", "hemorrhagic fever, ebola": "mesh:Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola", "lead": "mesh:Lead", "malaria": "mesh:Malaria", "mercury": "mesh:Mercury", "polychlorinated biphenyls": "mesh:Polychlorinated Biphenyls", "polychloroterphenyl compounds": "mesh:Polychloroterphenyl Compounds", "poxviridae infections": "mesh:Poxviridae Infections", "rodent diseases": "mesh:Rodent Diseases", "smallpox": "mesh:Smallpox", "staff development": "mesh:Staff Development", "students": "mesh:Students", "teaching materials": "mesh:Teaching Materials", "toxins": "mesh:Toxins"}, "unit": "6a6e67d126613e74"}
+{"answer": ["Bacteria, Anaerobic", "Diagnostic Equipment"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "47ae015cf079a296", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Enterobiasis", "Plague"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_bf342ab8112e", "question": {"candidates": ["Diagnostic Equipment", "Plague", "Bacteria, Anaerobic", "Enterobiasis"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"47ae015cf079a296.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "47ae015cf079a296.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"bacteria, anaerobic": "mesh:Bacteria, Anaerobic", "diagnostic equipment": "mesh:Diagnostic Equipment", "enterobiasis": "mesh:Enterobiasis", "plague": "mesh:Plague"}, "unit": "47ae015cf079a296"}
+{"answer": ["Bangladesh", "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)", "Diagnosis", "Immunization", "Smallpox Vaccine", "World Health Organization"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "61e86f86aa539698", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Bacillaceae Infections", "Botulism", "Brucellosis", "Liver Diseases", "Pneumonia, Pneumocystis", "Salmonella Infections, Animal"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_09b786b76b53", "question": {"candidates": ["Botulism", "Salmonella Infections, Animal", "World Health Organization", "Brucellosis", "Bacillaceae Infections", "Smallpox Vaccine", "Bangladesh", "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)", "Liver Diseases", "Pneumonia, Pneumocystis", "Immunization", "Diagnosis"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"61e86f86aa539698.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "61e86f86aa539698.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"bacillaceae infections": "mesh:Bacillaceae Infections", "bangladesh": "mesh:Bangladesh", "botulism": "mesh:Botulism", "brucellosis": "mesh:Brucellosis", "centers for disease control and prevention (u.s.)": "mesh:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)", "diagnosis": "mesh:Diagnosis", "immunization": "mesh:Immunization", "liver diseases": "mesh:Liver Diseases", "pneumonia, pneumocystis": "mesh:Pneumonia, Pneumocystis", "salmonella infections, animal": "mesh:Salmonella Infections, Animal", "smallpox vaccine": "mesh:Smallpox Vaccine", "world health organization": "mesh:World Health Organization"}, "unit": "61e86f86aa539698"}
+{"answer": ["Bangladesh", "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)", "Diagnosis", "Immunization", "Smallpox Vaccine", "World Health Organization"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "a2d70b3249b49aa0", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Chlamydia Infections", "Gangrene", "Hepatitis E", "Maduromycosis", "Plague", "Skin Diseases, Infectious"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_38728b8d2d24", "question": {"candidates": ["Diagnosis", "Smallpox Vaccine", "World Health Organization", "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)", "Chlamydia Infections", "Hepatitis E", "Maduromycosis", "Bangladesh", "Skin Diseases, Infectious", "Gangrene", "Immunization", "Plague"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"a2d70b3249b49aa0.jpg\" and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "a2d70b3249b49aa0.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"bangladesh": "mesh:Bangladesh", "centers for disease control and prevention (u.s.)": "mesh:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)", "chlamydia infections": "mesh:Chlamydia Infections", "diagnosis": "mesh:Diagnosis", "gangrene": "mesh:Gangrene", "hepatitis e": "mesh:Hepatitis E", "immunization": "mesh:Immunization", "maduromycosis": "mesh:Maduromycosis", "plague": "mesh:Plague", "skin diseases, infectious": "mesh:Skin Diseases, Infectious", "smallpox vaccine": "mesh:Smallpox Vaccine", "world health organization": "mesh:World Health Organization"}, "unit": "a2d70b3249b49aa0"}
+{"answer": ["Bartonella henselae", "Cat-Scratch Disease"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "b4fa9e8f4a2d8469", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Food Parasitology", "Mosquito Control"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_17b402f013b7", "question": {"candidates": ["Food Parasitology", "Mosquito Control", "Cat-Scratch Disease", "Bartonella henselae"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"b4fa9e8f4a2d8469.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "b4fa9e8f4a2d8469.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"bartonella henselae": "mesh:Bartonella henselae", "cat-scratch disease": "mesh:Cat-Scratch Disease", "food parasitology": "mesh:Food Parasitology", "mosquito control": "mesh:Mosquito Control"}, "unit": "b4fa9e8f4a2d8469"}
+{"answer": ["Beetles", "Cantharidin"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "6501dc8fdf533a5e", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola", "Plague"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_3cb6b0c81cbe", "question": {"candidates": ["Beetles", "Plague", "Cantharidin", "Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"6501dc8fdf533a5e.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "6501dc8fdf533a5e.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"beetles": "mesh:Beetles", "cantharidin": "mesh:Cantharidin", "hemorrhagic fever, ebola": "mesh:Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola", "plague": "mesh:Plague"}, "unit": "6501dc8fdf533a5e"}
+{"answer": ["Beetles", "Chitin", "Insect Control", "Insecticides", "Pest Control, Biological", "Pesticide Residues", "Pesticide Synergists"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "ddef66f2e14c89ea", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Animal Diseases", "Coccidioidomycosis", "Helminthiasis, Animal", "Histoplasmosis", "Measles", "Nigeria", "Prisoners"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_11167d7fcb37", "question": {"candidates": ["Measles", "Beetles", "Chitin", "Pesticide Synergists", "Insect Control", "Pesticide Residues", "Pest Control, Biological", "Coccidioidomycosis", "Nigeria", "Helminthiasis, Animal", "Insecticides", "Animal Diseases", "Histoplasmosis", "Prisoners"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"ddef66f2e14c89ea.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "ddef66f2e14c89ea.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"animal diseases": "mesh:Animal Diseases", "beetles": "mesh:Beetles", "chitin": "mesh:Chitin", "coccidioidomycosis": "mesh:Coccidioidomycosis", "helminthiasis, animal": "mesh:Helminthiasis, Animal", "histoplasmosis": "mesh:Histoplasmosis", "insect control": "mesh:Insect Control", "insecticides": "mesh:Insecticides", "measles": "mesh:Measles", "nigeria": "mesh:Nigeria", "pest control, biological": "mesh:Pest Control, Biological", "pesticide residues": "mesh:Pesticide Residues", "pesticide synergists": "mesh:Pesticide Synergists", "prisoners": "mesh:Prisoners"}, "unit": "ddef66f2e14c89ea"}
+{"answer": ["Bibliometrics", "Communication", "Medical Oncology", "Narrative Medicine", "Neoplasms", "Palliative Care"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "6ba621c2dbe3b32f", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Bentonite", "Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6", "Human Papillomavirus Viruses", "International Cooperation", "Nanotubes", "Persons with Disabilities"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_9c1372705804", "question": {"candidates": ["Bentonite", "International Cooperation", "Palliative Care", "Nanotubes", "Persons with Disabilities", "Human Papillomavirus Viruses", "Neoplasms", "Medical Oncology", "Narrative Medicine", "Communication", "Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6", "Bibliometrics"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"6ba621c2dbe3b32f.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "6ba621c2dbe3b32f.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"bentonite": "mesh:Bentonite", "bibliometrics": "mesh:Bibliometrics", "communication": "mesh:Communication", "cyclin-dependent kinase 6": "mesh:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6", "human papillomavirus viruses": "mesh:Human Papillomavirus Viruses", "international cooperation": "mesh:International Cooperation", "medical oncology": "mesh:Medical Oncology", "nanotubes": "mesh:Nanotubes", "narrative medicine": "mesh:Narrative Medicine", "neoplasms": "mesh:Neoplasms", "palliative care": "mesh:Palliative Care", "persons with disabilities": "mesh:Persons with Disabilities"}, "unit": "6ba621c2dbe3b32f"}
+{"answer": ["Blastomyces", "Blastomycosis"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "3a126c33b9bd8985", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Liberia", "Pakistan"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_7bde19a9de6e", "question": {"candidates": ["Pakistan", "Liberia", "Blastomycosis", "Blastomyces"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"3a126c33b9bd8985.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "3a126c33b9bd8985.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"blastomyces": "mesh:Blastomyces", "blastomycosis": "mesh:Blastomycosis", "liberia": "mesh:Liberia", "pakistan": "mesh:Pakistan"}, "unit": "3a126c33b9bd8985"}
+{"answer": ["Blood Cells", "Hematologic Diseases", "Malaria"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "347da6fb42d035c1", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Military Medicine", "Self-Help Devices", "Transients and Migrants"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_cc269c99539f", "question": {"candidates": ["Malaria", "Self-Help Devices", "Military Medicine", "Transients and Migrants", "Blood Cells", "Hematologic Diseases"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"347da6fb42d035c1.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "347da6fb42d035c1.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"blood cells": "mesh:Blood Cells", "hematologic diseases": "mesh:Hematologic Diseases", "malaria": "mesh:Malaria", "military medicine": "mesh:Military Medicine", "self-help devices": "mesh:Self-Help Devices", "transients and migrants": "mesh:Transients and Migrants"}, "unit": "347da6fb42d035c1"}
+{"answer": ["Blood Cells", "Hematologic Diseases", "Malaria, Vivax"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "d25a1664a51ae264", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Emergency Medical Technicians", "Epidemiologic Methods", "Refugees"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_9578f9dd2061", "question": {"candidates": ["Blood Cells", "Epidemiologic Methods", "Refugees", "Emergency Medical Technicians", "Malaria, Vivax", "Hematologic Diseases"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"d25a1664a51ae264.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "d25a1664a51ae264.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"blood cells": "mesh:Blood Cells", "emergency medical technicians": "mesh:Emergency Medical Technicians", "epidemiologic methods": "mesh:Epidemiologic Methods", "hematologic diseases": "mesh:Hematologic Diseases", "malaria, vivax": "mesh:Malaria, Vivax", "refugees": "mesh:Refugees"}, "unit": "d25a1664a51ae264"}
+{"answer": ["Brain", "Brain Diseases", "Naegleria"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "f627c6e346d75825", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["BCG Vaccine", "Culture Media", "Pakistan"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_510a739fe2b9", "question": {"candidates": ["Brain Diseases", "Naegleria", "BCG Vaccine", "Pakistan", "Brain", "Culture Media"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"f627c6e346d75825.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "f627c6e346d75825.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"bcg vaccine": "mesh:BCG Vaccine", "brain": "mesh:Brain", "brain diseases": "mesh:Brain Diseases", "culture media": "mesh:Culture Media", "naegleria": "mesh:Naegleria", "pakistan": "mesh:Pakistan"}, "unit": "f627c6e346d75825"}
+{"answer": ["Brazil", "Databases, Factual", "Intrauterine Devices"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "24735c9205dddee5", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Consensus", "Metabolic Diseases", "Neoplasms"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_5ff4e0be82e1", "question": {"candidates": ["Metabolic Diseases", "Intrauterine Devices", "Databases, Factual", "Neoplasms", "Brazil", "Consensus"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"24735c9205dddee5.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "24735c9205dddee5.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"brazil": "mesh:Brazil", "consensus": "mesh:Consensus", "databases, factual": "mesh:Databases, Factual", "intrauterine devices": "mesh:Intrauterine Devices", "metabolic diseases": "mesh:Metabolic Diseases", "neoplasms": "mesh:Neoplasms"}, "unit": "24735c9205dddee5"}
+{"answer": ["Brucella melitensis", "Brucellosis"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "b257e120a64e6bec", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Air Pollution, Indoor", "Water Purification"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_6951c1fe65a0", "question": {"candidates": ["Air Pollution, Indoor", "Brucella melitensis", "Water Purification", "Brucellosis"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"b257e120a64e6bec.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "b257e120a64e6bec.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"air pollution, indoor": "mesh:Air Pollution, Indoor", "brucella melitensis": "mesh:Brucella melitensis", "brucellosis": "mesh:Brucellosis", "water purification": "mesh:Water Purification"}, "unit": "b257e120a64e6bec"}
+{"answer": ["Brugia", "Culex", "Culicidae", "Disease Eradication", "Elephantiasis, Filarial", "Mosquito Vectors", "Polymerase Chain Reaction", "Sri Lanka"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "1f83960f23da33b1", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Anti-Retroviral Agents", "Anxiety Disorders", "Chiropractic", "Communication", "Disability Discrimination", "Empirical Research", "Genomics", "Sociodemographic Factors"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_2e8bd2d2a468", "question": {"candidates": ["Culicidae", "Sri Lanka", "Polymerase Chain Reaction", "Sociodemographic Factors", "Empirical Research", "Disability Discrimination", "Culex", "Genomics", "Chiropractic", "Disease Eradication", "Anti-Retroviral Agents", "Communication", "Anxiety Disorders", "Mosquito Vectors", "Brugia", "Elephantiasis, Filarial"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"1f83960f23da33b1.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "1f83960f23da33b1.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"anti-retroviral agents": "mesh:Anti-Retroviral Agents", "anxiety disorders": "mesh:Anxiety Disorders", "brugia": "mesh:Brugia", "chiropractic": "mesh:Chiropractic", "communication": "mesh:Communication", "culex": "mesh:Culex", "culicidae": "mesh:Culicidae", "disability discrimination": "mesh:Disability Discrimination", "disease eradication": "mesh:Disease Eradication", "elephantiasis, filarial": "mesh:Elephantiasis, Filarial", "empirical research": "mesh:Empirical Research", "genomics": "mesh:Genomics", "mosquito vectors": "mesh:Mosquito Vectors", "polymerase chain reaction": "mesh:Polymerase Chain Reaction", "sociodemographic factors": "mesh:Sociodemographic Factors", "sri lanka": "mesh:Sri Lanka"}, "unit": "1f83960f23da33b1"}
+{"answer": ["Burkholderia pseudomallei", "Melioidosis"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "94c18c322d2f8dab", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Lead", "Vaccination"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_2b8f369dd400", "question": {"candidates": ["Melioidosis", "Burkholderia pseudomallei", "Vaccination", "Lead"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"94c18c322d2f8dab.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "94c18c322d2f8dab.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"burkholderia pseudomallei": "mesh:Burkholderia pseudomallei", "lead": "mesh:Lead", "melioidosis": "mesh:Melioidosis", "vaccination": "mesh:Vaccination"}, "unit": "94c18c322d2f8dab"}
+{"answer": ["COVID-19", "Global Health", "International Cooperation", "Pandemics", "SARS-CoV-2", "World Health Organization"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "935fdb5fbf456ac4", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Chemotherapy, Adjuvant", "Databases, Factual", "Ghana", "Intrauterine Devices", "Psychometrics", "Psychotic Disorders"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_1e36ac2664c2", "question": {"candidates": ["SARS-CoV-2", "Pandemics", "Intrauterine Devices", "Chemotherapy, Adjuvant", "COVID-19", "Psychometrics", "Ghana", "International Cooperation", "Global Health", "Databases, Factual", "Psychotic Disorders", "World Health Organization"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"935fdb5fbf456ac4.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "935fdb5fbf456ac4.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"chemotherapy, adjuvant": "mesh:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant", "covid-19": "mesh:COVID-19", "databases, factual": "mesh:Databases, Factual", "ghana": "mesh:Ghana", "global health": "mesh:Global Health", "international cooperation": "mesh:International Cooperation", "intrauterine devices": "mesh:Intrauterine Devices", "pandemics": "mesh:Pandemics", "psychometrics": "mesh:Psychometrics", "psychotic disorders": "mesh:Psychotic Disorders", "sars-cov-2": "mesh:SARS-CoV-2", "world health organization": "mesh:World Health Organization"}, "unit": "935fdb5fbf456ac4"}
+{"answer": ["COVID-19", "Greece", "Health Policy", "Public Health", "Public Health Infrastructure", "Stakeholder Participation"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "2ffe9589d10b1e44", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Anti-Bacterial Agents", "Delayed-Action Preparations", "Indigenous Peoples", "Nanotubes", "Nerve Block", "Primary Care Nursing"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_78296dc504e0", "question": {"candidates": ["Indigenous Peoples", "Public Health Infrastructure", "Stakeholder Participation", "Greece", "Nanotubes", "Public Health", "Delayed-Action Preparations", "Health Policy", "Nerve Block", "Anti-Bacterial Agents", "COVID-19", "Primary Care Nursing"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"2ffe9589d10b1e44.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "2ffe9589d10b1e44.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"anti-bacterial agents": "mesh:Anti-Bacterial Agents", "covid-19": "mesh:COVID-19", "delayed-action preparations": "mesh:Delayed-Action Preparations", "greece": "mesh:Greece", "health policy": "mesh:Health Policy", "indigenous peoples": "mesh:Indigenous Peoples", "nanotubes": "mesh:Nanotubes", "nerve block": "mesh:Nerve Block", "primary care nursing": "mesh:Primary Care Nursing", "public health": "mesh:Public Health", "public health infrastructure": "mesh:Public Health Infrastructure", "stakeholder participation": "mesh:Stakeholder Participation"}, "unit": "2ffe9589d10b1e44"}
+{"answer": ["Canada", "Palliative Care", "Rural Health Services", "Rural Population"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "cb491353725c2783", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Depression", "Noncommunicable Diseases", "Postpartum Period", "Syphilis"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_2b5535ad5a8b", "question": {"candidates": ["Postpartum Period", "Noncommunicable Diseases", "Syphilis", "Rural Health Services", "Depression", "Palliative Care", "Rural Population", "Canada"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"cb491353725c2783.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "cb491353725c2783.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"canada": "mesh:Canada", "depression": "mesh:Depression", "noncommunicable diseases": "mesh:Noncommunicable Diseases", "palliative care": "mesh:Palliative Care", "postpartum period": "mesh:Postpartum Period", "rural health services": "mesh:Rural Health Services", "rural population": "mesh:Rural Population", "syphilis": "mesh:Syphilis"}, "unit": "cb491353725c2783"}
+{"answer": ["Cancer Prevention", "Cancer Screening", "Cancer Treatment", "Cervical Cancer", "Ghana", "Metaanalysis", "Systematic Reviews"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "799b9f117e90e8ef", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Caregivers", "Dogs", "HIV epidemiology", "Pets and Companion Animals", "Pharmacists", "Rabies", "Veterinarians"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_dcf5125d75d2", "question": {"candidates": ["Dogs", "Ghana", "Metaanalysis", "Cancer Prevention", "Rabies", "Cancer Treatment", "Pharmacists", "Cervical Cancer", "Caregivers", "Cancer Screening", "HIV epidemiology", "Pets and Companion Animals", "Veterinarians", "Systematic Reviews"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"jats_subject:Discipline-v3\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"799b9f117e90e8ef.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "799b9f117e90e8ef.pdf", "vocabulary": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"cancer prevention": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/oncology/cancer prevention", "cancer screening": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/oncology/cancer detection and diagnosis/cancer screening", "cancer treatment": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/oncology/cancer treatment", "caregivers": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/health care/caregivers", "cervical cancer": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/oncology/cancers and neoplasms/gynecological tumors/cervical cancer", "dogs": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:biology and life sciences/organisms/eukaryota/animals/vertebrates/amniotes/mammals/dogs", "ghana": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:people and places/geographical locations/africa/ghana", "hiv epidemiology": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/epidemiology/hiv epidemiology", "metaanalysis": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:research and analysis methods/mathematical and statistical techniques/statistical methods/metaanalysis", "pets and companion animals": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:biology and life sciences/organisms/eukaryota/animals/pets and companion animals", "pharmacists": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:people and places/population groupings/professions/medical personnel/pharmacists", "rabies": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/medical conditions/infectious diseases/viral diseases/rabies", "systematic reviews": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:research and analysis methods/research assessment/systematic reviews", "veterinarians": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:people and places/population groupings/professions/veterinarians"}, "unit": "799b9f117e90e8ef"}
+{"answer": ["Caregivers", "Dogs", "Pets and Companion Animals", "Rabies", "Vaccination and Immunization", "Veterinarians"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "00482a5361c368ed", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Cancer Prevention", "Cancer Screening", "Cancer Treatment", "Cervical Cancer", "Ghana", "Lung and Intrathoracic Tumors"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_36ee29a5140f", "question": {"candidates": ["Caregivers", "Pets and Companion Animals", "Cervical Cancer", "Ghana", "Dogs", "Cancer Prevention", "Veterinarians", "Cancer Treatment", "Cancer Screening", "Lung and Intrathoracic Tumors", "Rabies", "Vaccination and Immunization"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"jats_subject:Discipline-v3\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"00482a5361c368ed.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "00482a5361c368ed.pdf", "vocabulary": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"cancer prevention": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/oncology/cancer prevention", "cancer screening": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/diagnostic medicine/cancer detection and diagnosis/cancer screening", "cancer treatment": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/oncology/cancer treatment", "caregivers": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/health care/caregivers", "cervical cancer": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/oncology/cancers and neoplasms/gynecological tumors/cervical cancer", "dogs": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:biology and life sciences/zoology/animals/vertebrates/amniotes/mammals/dogs", "ghana": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:people and places/geographical locations/africa/ghana", "lung and intrathoracic tumors": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/oncology/cancers and neoplasms/lung and intrathoracic tumors", "pets and companion animals": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:biology and life sciences/zoology/animals/pets and companion animals", "rabies": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/medical conditions/tropical diseases/neglected tropical diseases/rabies", "vaccination and immunization": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/public and occupational health/preventive medicine/vaccination and immunization", "veterinarians": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:people and places/population groupings/professions/veterinarians"}, "unit": "00482a5361c368ed"}
+{"answer": ["Caregivers", "Epilepsy", "Outcome Assessment, Health Care", "Qualitative Research"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "aaa54f6601de5057", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Anxiety", "Canada", "Pain Measurement", "Pets"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_6fe32b90afe0", "question": {"candidates": ["Pets", "Qualitative Research", "Caregivers", "Anxiety", "Outcome Assessment, Health Care", "Epilepsy", "Canada", "Pain Measurement"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"aaa54f6601de5057.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "aaa54f6601de5057.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"anxiety": "mesh:Anxiety", "canada": "mesh:Canada", "caregivers": "mesh:Caregivers", "epilepsy": "mesh:Epilepsy", "outcome assessment, health care": "mesh:Outcome Assessment, Health Care", "pain measurement": "mesh:Pain Measurement", "pets": "mesh:Pets", "qualitative research": "mesh:Qualitative Research"}, "unit": "aaa54f6601de5057"}
+{"answer": ["Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)", "Communicable Diseases", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Diagnostic Equipment", "Disease", "Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola", "Science"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "815d93262a2f448a", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Carcinogens, Environmental", "Child Guidance", "Glucose", "Immune System", "Melanocytes", "Pesticides", "Pulmonary Alveoli"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_f83e49d39966", "question": {"candidates": ["Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)", "Carcinogens, Environmental", "Pesticides", "Disease", "Pulmonary Alveoli", "Communicable Diseases", "Glucose", "Immune System", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola", "Melanocytes", "Science", "Child Guidance", "Diagnostic Equipment"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"815d93262a2f448a.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "815d93262a2f448a.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"carcinogens, environmental": "mesh:Carcinogens, Environmental", "centers for disease control and prevention (u.s.)": "mesh:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)", "child guidance": "mesh:Child Guidance", "communicable diseases": "mesh:Communicable Diseases", "democratic republic of the congo": "mesh:Democratic Republic of the Congo", "diagnostic equipment": "mesh:Diagnostic Equipment", "disease": "mesh:Disease", "glucose": "mesh:Glucose", "hemorrhagic fever, ebola": "mesh:Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola", "immune system": "mesh:Immune System", "melanocytes": "mesh:Melanocytes", "pesticides": "mesh:Pesticides", "pulmonary alveoli": "mesh:Pulmonary Alveoli", "science": "mesh:Science"}, "unit": "815d93262a2f448a"}
+{"answer": ["Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)", "Immunization", "Niger", "Smallpox", "Smallpox Vaccine"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "b1dd051e82a85c1d", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Chorion", "Coal Mining", "Cognition Disorders", "Eye", "Military Nursing"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_02de312854b2", "question": {"candidates": ["Niger", "Smallpox", "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)", "Coal Mining", "Cognition Disorders", "Eye", "Smallpox Vaccine", "Immunization", "Military Nursing", "Chorion"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"b1dd051e82a85c1d.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "b1dd051e82a85c1d.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"centers for disease control and prevention (u.s.)": "mesh:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)", "chorion": "mesh:Chorion", "coal mining": "mesh:Coal Mining", "cognition disorders": "mesh:Cognition Disorders", "eye": "mesh:Eye", "immunization": "mesh:Immunization", "military nursing": "mesh:Military Nursing", "niger": "mesh:Niger", "smallpox": "mesh:Smallpox", "smallpox vaccine": "mesh:Smallpox Vaccine"}, "unit": "b1dd051e82a85c1d"}
+{"answer": ["Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)", "Laboratories", "Microscopy", "Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Transmission"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "6b5fe0422ca4759e", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Blood Cells", "Filariasis", "Gangrene", "Rotavirus Infections"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_6b267443f8e1", "question": {"candidates": ["Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)", "Blood Cells", "Gangrene", "Microscopy", "Laboratories", "Filariasis", "Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Transmission", "Rotavirus Infections"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"6b5fe0422ca4759e.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "6b5fe0422ca4759e.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"blood cells": "mesh:Blood Cells", "centers for disease control and prevention (u.s.)": "mesh:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)", "filariasis": "mesh:Filariasis", "gangrene": "mesh:Gangrene", "laboratories": "mesh:Laboratories", "microscopy": "mesh:Microscopy", "microscopy, electron, scanning transmission": "mesh:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Transmission", "rotavirus infections": "mesh:Rotavirus Infections"}, "unit": "6b5fe0422ca4759e"}
+{"answer": ["Cesarean Section", "HELLP Syndrome", "Nursing Diagnosis", "Obstetric Nursing"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "93668674b8b4b4ce", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Communication", "India", "Psychotic Disorders", "Scoping Reviews As Topic"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_4c9e1e475360", "question": {"candidates": ["India", "Scoping Reviews As Topic", "Obstetric Nursing", "Psychotic Disorders", "Communication", "Nursing Diagnosis", "Cesarean Section", "HELLP Syndrome"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"93668674b8b4b4ce.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "93668674b8b4b4ce.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"cesarean section": "mesh:Cesarean Section", "communication": "mesh:Communication", "hellp syndrome": "mesh:HELLP Syndrome", "india": "mesh:India", "nursing diagnosis": "mesh:Nursing Diagnosis", "obstetric nursing": "mesh:Obstetric Nursing", "psychotic disorders": "mesh:Psychotic Disorders", "scoping reviews as topic": "mesh:Scoping Reviews As Topic"}, "unit": "93668674b8b4b4ce"}
+{"answer": ["Child Care", "Child Health Services", "Child Welfare", "Enterovirus D, Human", "Influenza", "Influenza A Virus, Avian", "Influenza A Virus, Human"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "f5fc3ad7f0a04914", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["African Americans", "Connecticut", "Environmental Health", "Epidemiology", "Father-Child Relations", "Hair", "Liver"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_15fe8c0351f3", "question": {"candidates": ["African Americans", "Influenza", "Child Health Services", "Hair", "Epidemiology", "Environmental Health", "Influenza A Virus, Human", "Connecticut", "Liver", "Father-Child Relations", "Enterovirus D, Human", "Influenza A Virus, Avian", "Child Welfare", "Child Care"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"f5fc3ad7f0a04914.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "f5fc3ad7f0a04914.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"african americans": "mesh:African Americans", "child care": "mesh:Child Care", "child health services": "mesh:Child Health Services", "child welfare": "mesh:Child Welfare", "connecticut": "mesh:Connecticut", "enterovirus d, human": "mesh:Enterovirus D, Human", "environmental health": "mesh:Environmental Health", "epidemiology": "mesh:Epidemiology", "father-child relations": "mesh:Father-Child Relations", "hair": "mesh:Hair", "influenza": "mesh:Influenza", "influenza a virus, avian": "mesh:Influenza A Virus, Avian", "influenza a virus, human": "mesh:Influenza A Virus, Human", "liver": "mesh:Liver"}, "unit": "f5fc3ad7f0a04914"}
+{"answer": ["Child Health", "HIV", "HIV diagnosis and management", "HIV epidemiology", "Health Care Policy", "Health Systems Strengthening", "Malawi", "Pediatrics"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "9e7709e13cdcbf1c", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Adverse Reactions", "Asthma", "Cancer Treatment", "Cervical Cancer", "Food Allergies", "Respiratory Infections", "Smoking Habits", "Systematic Reviews"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_df001509b8fe", "question": {"candidates": ["Health Systems Strengthening", "HIV", "Child Health", "Systematic Reviews", "Food Allergies", "Adverse Reactions", "HIV epidemiology", "Pediatrics", "Respiratory Infections", "Malawi", "Health Care Policy", "Cervical Cancer", "HIV diagnosis and management", "Smoking Habits", "Cancer Treatment", "Asthma"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"jats_subject:Discipline-v3\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"9e7709e13cdcbf1c.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "9e7709e13cdcbf1c.pdf", "vocabulary": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"adverse reactions": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/pharmacology/adverse reactions", "asthma": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/medical conditions/respiratory disorders/asthma", "cancer treatment": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/oncology/cancer treatment", "cervical cancer": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/oncology/cancers and neoplasms/gynecological tumors/cervical cancer", "child health": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/public and occupational health/child health", "food allergies": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:biology and life sciences/immunology/clinical immunology/allergies/allergic diseases/food allergies", "health care policy": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/health care/health care policy", "health systems strengthening": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/health care/health care policy/health systems strengthening", "hiv": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/pathology and laboratory medicine/pathogens/microbial pathogens/viral pathogens/retroviruses/lentivirus/hiv", "hiv diagnosis and management": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/diagnostic medicine/hiv diagnosis and management", "hiv epidemiology": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/epidemiology/hiv epidemiology", "malawi": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:people and places/geographical locations/africa/malawi", "pediatrics": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/pediatrics", "respiratory infections": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/medical conditions/infectious diseases/respiratory infections", "smoking habits": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:biology and life sciences/psychology/behavior/habits/smoking habits", "systematic reviews": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:research and analysis methods/research assessment/systematic reviews"}, "unit": "9e7709e13cdcbf1c"}
+{"answer": ["China", "Clinical Competence", "Consensus", "Delphi Technique", "Factor Analysis, Statistical", "General Practitioners", "Reproducibility of Results", "Surveys and Questionnaires"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "725bc6be6583fa30", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Acute Coronary Syndrome", "Antipsychotic Agents", "Asthma", "Elephantiasis, Filarial", "Human Papillomavirus Viruses", "Malaria", "Pets", "Veterinary Medicine"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_3f02cf148ea0", "question": {"candidates": ["Acute Coronary Syndrome", "Factor Analysis, Statistical", "Elephantiasis, Filarial", "China", "Surveys and Questionnaires", "Consensus", "Pets", "Human Papillomavirus Viruses", "Reproducibility of Results", "Malaria", "Asthma", "Veterinary Medicine", "Antipsychotic Agents", "Clinical Competence", "General Practitioners", "Delphi Technique"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"725bc6be6583fa30.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "725bc6be6583fa30.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"acute coronary syndrome": "mesh:Acute Coronary Syndrome", "antipsychotic agents": "mesh:Antipsychotic Agents", "asthma": "mesh:Asthma", "china": "mesh:China", "clinical competence": "mesh:Clinical Competence", "consensus": "mesh:Consensus", "delphi technique": "mesh:Delphi Technique", "elephantiasis, filarial": "mesh:Elephantiasis, Filarial", "factor analysis, statistical": "mesh:Factor Analysis, Statistical", "general practitioners": "mesh:General Practitioners", "human papillomavirus viruses": "mesh:Human Papillomavirus Viruses", "malaria": "mesh:Malaria", "pets": "mesh:Pets", "reproducibility of results": "mesh:Reproducibility of Results", "surveys and questionnaires": "mesh:Surveys and Questionnaires", "veterinary medicine": "mesh:Veterinary Medicine"}, "unit": "725bc6be6583fa30"}
+{"answer": ["Chiropractic", "Health Services Research", "Interviews as Topic", "Qualitative Research", "United Kingdom"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "4de8b434bf16bc81", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Anxiety", "Fertilization", "HIV Infections", "Osteoradionecrosis", "Pregnancy Complications, Infectious"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_b63b8811ffb2", "question": {"candidates": ["Pregnancy Complications, Infectious", "Fertilization", "Health Services Research", "Qualitative Research", "Interviews as Topic", "HIV Infections", "Chiropractic", "Osteoradionecrosis", "Anxiety", "United Kingdom"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"4de8b434bf16bc81.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "4de8b434bf16bc81.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"anxiety": "mesh:Anxiety", "chiropractic": "mesh:Chiropractic", "fertilization": "mesh:Fertilization", "health services research": "mesh:Health Services Research", "hiv infections": "mesh:HIV Infections", "interviews as topic": "mesh:Interviews as Topic", "osteoradionecrosis": "mesh:Osteoradionecrosis", "pregnancy complications, infectious": "mesh:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious", "qualitative research": "mesh:Qualitative Research", "united kingdom": "mesh:United Kingdom"}, "unit": "4de8b434bf16bc81"}
+{"answer": ["Chlamydia", "Chlamydia Infections"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "140c40448a0c5081", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Charities", "Diagnosis"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_42942e5cdb31", "question": {"candidates": ["Charities", "Chlamydia", "Chlamydia Infections", "Diagnosis"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"140c40448a0c5081.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "140c40448a0c5081.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"charities": "mesh:Charities", "chlamydia": "mesh:Chlamydia", "chlamydia infections": "mesh:Chlamydia Infections", "diagnosis": "mesh:Diagnosis"}, "unit": "140c40448a0c5081"}
+{"answer": ["Chordata, Nonvertebrate", "Dairying", "Minnesota", "Veterinarians"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "6c49541084331552", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Dermatitis", "Diagnostic Equipment", "Poisoning", "Smallpox"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_61ba44f12ede", "question": {"candidates": ["Dermatitis", "Minnesota", "Poisoning", "Diagnostic Equipment", "Chordata, Nonvertebrate", "Dairying", "Veterinarians", "Smallpox"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"6c49541084331552.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "6c49541084331552.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"chordata, nonvertebrate": "mesh:Chordata, Nonvertebrate", "dairying": "mesh:Dairying", "dermatitis": "mesh:Dermatitis", "diagnostic equipment": "mesh:Diagnostic Equipment", "minnesota": "mesh:Minnesota", "poisoning": "mesh:Poisoning", "smallpox": "mesh:Smallpox", "veterinarians": "mesh:Veterinarians"}, "unit": "6c49541084331552"}
+{"answer": ["Chromoblastomycosis", "Mitosporic Fungi"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "ee543a1a595da81c", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Blood Cells", "Immune System"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_d76dd4e894c8", "question": {"candidates": ["Chromoblastomycosis", "Blood Cells", "Mitosporic Fungi", "Immune System"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"ee543a1a595da81c.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "ee543a1a595da81c.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"blood cells": "mesh:Blood Cells", "chromoblastomycosis": "mesh:Chromoblastomycosis", "immune system": "mesh:Immune System", "mitosporic fungi": "mesh:Mitosporic Fungi"}, "unit": "ee543a1a595da81c"}
+{"answer": ["Chronic Disease", "Digital Technology", "Noncommunicable Diseases", "Quality of Health Care", "Scoping Reviews As Topic"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "2c7d4f8f0e791a14", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Abortion, Legal", "Contraception", "Contraceptive Agents", "Europe", "Protein Kinase Inhibitors"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_d37ace7a7710", "question": {"candidates": ["Digital Technology", "Europe", "Abortion, Legal", "Noncommunicable Diseases", "Protein Kinase Inhibitors", "Contraceptive Agents", "Scoping Reviews As Topic", "Quality of Health Care", "Chronic Disease", "Contraception"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"2c7d4f8f0e791a14.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "2c7d4f8f0e791a14.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"abortion, legal": "mesh:Abortion, Legal", "chronic disease": "mesh:Chronic Disease", "contraception": "mesh:Contraception", "contraceptive agents": "mesh:Contraceptive Agents", "digital technology": "mesh:Digital Technology", "europe": "mesh:Europe", "noncommunicable diseases": "mesh:Noncommunicable Diseases", "protein kinase inhibitors": "mesh:Protein Kinase Inhibitors", "quality of health care": "mesh:Quality of Health Care", "scoping reviews as topic": "mesh:Scoping Reviews As Topic"}, "unit": "2c7d4f8f0e791a14"}
+{"answer": ["Chronic Disease", "Intestinal Failure", "Parenteral Nutrition, Home", "Treatment Outcome"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "ed520f34080572bf", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Malawi", "North America", "United Kingdom", "United States"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_2930f1aed965", "question": {"candidates": ["Chronic Disease", "Treatment Outcome", "Parenteral Nutrition, Home", "North America", "Malawi", "Intestinal Failure", "United Kingdom", "United States"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"ed520f34080572bf.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "ed520f34080572bf.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"chronic disease": "mesh:Chronic Disease", "intestinal failure": "mesh:Intestinal Failure", "malawi": "mesh:Malawi", "north america": "mesh:North America", "parenteral nutrition, home": "mesh:Parenteral Nutrition, Home", "treatment outcome": "mesh:Treatment Outcome", "united kingdom": "mesh:United Kingdom", "united states": "mesh:United States"}, "unit": "ed520f34080572bf"}
+{"answer": ["Clinical Competence", "India", "Pharmacists", "Professional Role"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "0025ca820d894a2c", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Bibliometrics", "Malaria", "Research Design", "Systematic Reviews as Topic"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_5e79b705140b", "question": {"candidates": ["Bibliometrics", "India", "Malaria", "Research Design", "Systematic Reviews as Topic", "Pharmacists", "Professional Role", "Clinical Competence"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"0025ca820d894a2c.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "0025ca820d894a2c.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"bibliometrics": "mesh:Bibliometrics", "clinical competence": "mesh:Clinical Competence", "india": "mesh:India", "malaria": "mesh:Malaria", "pharmacists": "mesh:Pharmacists", "professional role": "mesh:Professional Role", "research design": "mesh:Research Design", "systematic reviews as topic": "mesh:Systematic Reviews as Topic"}, "unit": "0025ca820d894a2c"}
+{"answer": ["Clinical Laboratory Information Systems", "Culture Media", "Laboratory Personnel", "Laboratory Techniques and Procedures", "Molecular Diagnostic Techniques", "Poliomyelitis", "Poliovirus", "Virus Cultivation"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "de666710f44b2624", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Allergy and Immunology", "Family Relations", "Health Occupations", "India", "Kazakhstan", "Manufactured Materials", "Nigeria", "Wales"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_6d67b1ad8bb8", "question": {"candidates": ["Clinical Laboratory Information Systems", "Family Relations", "Wales", "Poliomyelitis", "Laboratory Techniques and Procedures", "Kazakhstan", "Poliovirus", "Virus Cultivation", "Culture Media", "India", "Nigeria", "Molecular Diagnostic Techniques", "Health Occupations", "Allergy and Immunology", "Laboratory Personnel", "Manufactured Materials"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"de666710f44b2624.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "de666710f44b2624.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"allergy and immunology": "mesh:Allergy and Immunology", "clinical laboratory information systems": "mesh:Clinical Laboratory Information Systems", "culture media": "mesh:Culture Media", "family relations": "mesh:Family Relations", "health occupations": "mesh:Health Occupations", "india": "mesh:India", "kazakhstan": "mesh:Kazakhstan", "laboratory personnel": "mesh:Laboratory Personnel", "laboratory techniques and procedures": "mesh:Laboratory Techniques and Procedures", "manufactured materials": "mesh:Manufactured Materials", "molecular diagnostic techniques": "mesh:Molecular Diagnostic Techniques", "nigeria": "mesh:Nigeria", "poliomyelitis": "mesh:Poliomyelitis", "poliovirus": "mesh:Poliovirus", "virus cultivation": "mesh:Virus Cultivation", "wales": "mesh:Wales"}, "unit": "de666710f44b2624"}
+{"answer": ["Coccidioides", "Coccidioidomycosis"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "24b88a2b389c2823", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Immunization", "Smallpox Vaccine"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_96740a9ef3ed", "question": {"candidates": ["Coccidioides", "Smallpox Vaccine", "Coccidioidomycosis", "Immunization"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"24b88a2b389c2823.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "24b88a2b389c2823.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"coccidioides": "mesh:Coccidioides", "coccidioidomycosis": "mesh:Coccidioidomycosis", "immunization": "mesh:Immunization", "smallpox vaccine": "mesh:Smallpox Vaccine"}, "unit": "24b88a2b389c2823"}
+{"answer": ["Communication in Health Care", "Global Health", "Health Care Policy", "Lung and Intrathoracic Tumors", "Noncommunicable Diseases", "Primary Care", "Telemedicine"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "2c7d4f8f0e791a14", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Adverse Reactions", "Africa", "Children", "Dogs", "Drug Therapy", "Veterinarians", "Veterinary Diseases"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_8d1d41eb7fff", "question": {"candidates": ["Communication in Health Care", "Health Care Policy", "Drug Therapy", "Lung and Intrathoracic Tumors", "Veterinarians", "Africa", "Primary Care", "Veterinary Diseases", "Telemedicine", "Noncommunicable Diseases", "Adverse Reactions", "Dogs", "Children", "Global Health"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"jats_subject:Discipline-v3\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"2c7d4f8f0e791a14.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "2c7d4f8f0e791a14.pdf", "vocabulary": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"adverse reactions": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/pharmacology/adverse reactions", "africa": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:people and places/geographical locations/africa", "children": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:people and places/population groupings/age groups/children", "communication in health care": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/health care/communication in health care", "dogs": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:biology and life sciences/organisms/eukaryota/animals/vertebrates/amniotes/mammals/dogs", "drug therapy": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/pharmaceutics/drug therapy", "global health": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/public and occupational health/global health", "health care policy": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/health care/health care policy", "lung and intrathoracic tumors": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/oncology/cancers and neoplasms/lung and intrathoracic tumors", "noncommunicable diseases": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/medical conditions/noncommunicable diseases", "primary care": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/health care/primary care", "telemedicine": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/health care/medical services/telemedicine", "veterinarians": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:people and places/population groupings/professions/veterinarians", "veterinary diseases": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:biology and life sciences/veterinary science/veterinary diseases"}, "unit": "2c7d4f8f0e791a14"}
+{"answer": ["Concept Formation", "Empirical Research", "Government Programs", "Public Health", "Review Literature as Topic"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "a88df240d5cc051e", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Brugia", "Drug Carriers", "Intestinal Failure", "Prodromal Symptoms", "Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_d1044f0cb462", "question": {"candidates": ["Concept Formation", "Drug Carriers", "Review Literature as Topic", "Public Health", "Prodromal Symptoms", "Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological", "Intestinal Failure", "Brugia", "Empirical Research", "Government Programs"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"a88df240d5cc051e.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "a88df240d5cc051e.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"brugia": "mesh:Brugia", "concept formation": "mesh:Concept Formation", "drug carriers": "mesh:Drug Carriers", "empirical research": "mesh:Empirical Research", "government programs": "mesh:Government Programs", "intestinal failure": "mesh:Intestinal Failure", "prodromal symptoms": "mesh:Prodromal Symptoms", "public health": "mesh:Public Health", "review literature as topic": "mesh:Review Literature as Topic", "sexual dysfunction, physiological": "mesh:Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological"}, "unit": "a88df240d5cc051e"}
+{"answer": ["Continuity of Patient Care", "Health Information Exchange"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "c1c611b31fadbf56", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Bentonite", "Nanostructures"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_18e89a2aa21c", "question": {"candidates": ["Health Information Exchange", "Continuity of Patient Care", "Nanostructures", "Bentonite"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"c1c611b31fadbf56.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "c1c611b31fadbf56.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"bentonite": "mesh:Bentonite", "continuity of patient care": "mesh:Continuity of Patient Care", "health information exchange": "mesh:Health Information Exchange", "nanostructures": "mesh:Nanostructures"}, "unit": "c1c611b31fadbf56"}
+{"answer": ["Contraception", "Contraceptive Agents", "Family Planning Services", "Health Services", "Research Design"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "66df612ef060e32a", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["COVID-19", "Head and Neck Neoplasms", "Papillomavirus Infections", "United States", "Uterine Cervical Neoplasms"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_7cbe26904470", "question": {"candidates": ["COVID-19", "United States", "Contraception", "Family Planning Services", "Research Design", "Head and Neck Neoplasms", "Contraceptive Agents", "Health Services", "Uterine Cervical Neoplasms", "Papillomavirus Infections"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"66df612ef060e32a.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "66df612ef060e32a.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"contraception": "mesh:Contraception", "contraceptive agents": "mesh:Contraceptive Agents", "covid-19": "mesh:COVID-19", "family planning services": "mesh:Family Planning Services", "head and neck neoplasms": "mesh:Head and Neck Neoplasms", "health services": "mesh:Health Services", "papillomavirus infections": "mesh:Papillomavirus Infections", "research design": "mesh:Research Design", "united states": "mesh:United States", "uterine cervical neoplasms": "mesh:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms"}, "unit": "66df612ef060e32a"}
+{"answer": ["Coronavirus", "Coronavirus Infections", "Prisoners", "Prisons", "Zambia"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "7c238b6e2ba9cedb", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Child Health Services", "Insect Proteins", "Skin", "Threshold Limit Values", "Transportation of Patients"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_199c4c1b994d", "question": {"candidates": ["Prisoners", "Child Health Services", "Skin", "Threshold Limit Values", "Insect Proteins", "Prisons", "Coronavirus Infections", "Coronavirus", "Zambia", "Transportation of Patients"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"7c238b6e2ba9cedb.jpg\", and which labels are missing from it?", "topic": "7c238b6e2ba9cedb.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"child health services": "mesh:Child Health Services", "coronavirus": "mesh:Coronavirus", "coronavirus infections": "mesh:Coronavirus Infections", "insect proteins": "mesh:Insect Proteins", "prisoners": "mesh:Prisoners", "prisons": "mesh:Prisons", "skin": "mesh:Skin", "threshold limit values": "mesh:Threshold Limit Values", "transportation of patients": "mesh:Transportation of Patients", "zambia": "mesh:Zambia"}, "unit": "7c238b6e2ba9cedb"}
+{"answer": ["Corynebacterium", "Propionibacterium acnes"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "0fd8f7134b58153a", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Animal Diseases", "Hematologic Diseases"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_ee1d181f13f9", "question": {"candidates": ["Corynebacterium", "Propionibacterium acnes", "Hematologic Diseases", "Animal Diseases"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"0fd8f7134b58153a.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "0fd8f7134b58153a.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"animal diseases": "mesh:Animal Diseases", "corynebacterium": "mesh:Corynebacterium", "hematologic diseases": "mesh:Hematologic Diseases", "propionibacterium acnes": "mesh:Propionibacterium acnes"}, "unit": "0fd8f7134b58153a"}
+{"answer": ["Cryptococcus", "Dermatomycoses"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "c80a1cdbccee65d8", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Disease Vectors", "Public Health"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_93ff4246c1ae", "question": {"candidates": ["Dermatomycoses", "Disease Vectors", "Public Health", "Cryptococcus"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"c80a1cdbccee65d8.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "c80a1cdbccee65d8.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"cryptococcus": "mesh:Cryptococcus", "dermatomycoses": "mesh:Dermatomycoses", "disease vectors": "mesh:Disease Vectors", "public health": "mesh:Public Health"}, "unit": "c80a1cdbccee65d8"}
+{"answer": ["Culturally Competent Care", "Diabetes Mellitus", "Nurse's Role", "Primary Care Nursing", "Transients and Migrants"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "f627d5c265f18b59", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Anti-Retroviral Agents", "Australia", "Latin America", "Middle East", "United States"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_fcc7ddf372df", "question": {"candidates": ["Australia", "Culturally Competent Care", "Transients and Migrants", "Nurse's Role", "Diabetes Mellitus", "United States", "Latin America", "Middle East", "Anti-Retroviral Agents", "Primary Care Nursing"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"f627d5c265f18b59.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "f627d5c265f18b59.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"anti-retroviral agents": "mesh:Anti-Retroviral Agents", "australia": "mesh:Australia", "culturally competent care": "mesh:Culturally Competent Care", "diabetes mellitus": "mesh:Diabetes Mellitus", "latin america": "mesh:Latin America", "middle east": "mesh:Middle East", "nurse's role": "mesh:Nurse's Role", "primary care nursing": "mesh:Primary Care Nursing", "transients and migrants": "mesh:Transients and Migrants", "united states": "mesh:United States"}, "unit": "f627d5c265f18b59"}
+{"answer": ["DNA Viruses", "Immunization", "Smallpox", "Smallpox Vaccine"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "df7a78d18f592dd6", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["California", "Food", "Minnesota", "Students"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_8b1b51d845b4", "question": {"candidates": ["Smallpox", "Students", "DNA Viruses", "Smallpox Vaccine", "Immunization", "Food", "Minnesota", "California"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"df7a78d18f592dd6.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "df7a78d18f592dd6.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"california": "mesh:California", "dna viruses": "mesh:DNA Viruses", "food": "mesh:Food", "immunization": "mesh:Immunization", "minnesota": "mesh:Minnesota", "smallpox": "mesh:Smallpox", "smallpox vaccine": "mesh:Smallpox Vaccine", "students": "mesh:Students"}, "unit": "df7a78d18f592dd6"}
+{"answer": ["Delivery of Health Care", "Patient-Centered Care", "Research Design", "Systematic Reviews as Topic"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "3068e8c7d7bbf772", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Government Programs", "Help-Seeking Behavior", "Neoplasms", "Parkinson Disease"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_0c4af3f763b5", "question": {"candidates": ["Parkinson Disease", "Delivery of Health Care", "Systematic Reviews as Topic", "Patient-Centered Care", "Help-Seeking Behavior", "Neoplasms", "Government Programs", "Research Design"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"3068e8c7d7bbf772.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "3068e8c7d7bbf772.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"delivery of health care": "mesh:Delivery of Health Care", "government programs": "mesh:Government Programs", "help-seeking behavior": "mesh:Help-Seeking Behavior", "neoplasms": "mesh:Neoplasms", "parkinson disease": "mesh:Parkinson Disease", "patient-centered care": "mesh:Patient-Centered Care", "research design": "mesh:Research Design", "systematic reviews as topic": "mesh:Systematic Reviews as Topic"}, "unit": "3068e8c7d7bbf772"}
+{"answer": ["Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola", "Liver", "Liver Diseases"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "a7881db5c9dcdf9d", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Audiovisual Aids", "Fumonisins", "Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus", "World Health Organization"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_610fa0140193", "question": {"candidates": ["Liver", "Fumonisins", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola", "Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus", "Audiovisual Aids", "Liver Diseases", "World Health Organization"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"a7881db5c9dcdf9d.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "a7881db5c9dcdf9d.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"audiovisual aids": "mesh:Audiovisual Aids", "democratic republic of the congo": "mesh:Democratic Republic of the Congo", "fumonisins": "mesh:Fumonisins", "hemagglutinin glycoproteins, influenza virus": "mesh:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus", "hemorrhagic fever, ebola": "mesh:Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola", "liver": "mesh:Liver", "liver diseases": "mesh:Liver Diseases", "world health organization": "mesh:World Health Organization"}, "unit": "a7881db5c9dcdf9d"}
+{"answer": ["Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola", "Sudan"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "3b2b4a5da7c52fe0", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Chlorine", "DDT", "Polychlorinated Biphenyls"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_6013adb0a776", "question": {"candidates": ["Polychlorinated Biphenyls", "Chlorine", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Sudan", "DDT", "Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"3b2b4a5da7c52fe0.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "3b2b4a5da7c52fe0.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"chlorine": "mesh:Chlorine", "ddt": "mesh:DDT", "democratic republic of the congo": "mesh:Democratic Republic of the Congo", "hemorrhagic fever, ebola": "mesh:Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola", "polychlorinated biphenyls": "mesh:Polychlorinated Biphenyls", "sudan": "mesh:Sudan"}, "unit": "3b2b4a5da7c52fe0"}
+{"answer": ["Dermatitis", "Moths", "Poisoning"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "24206135f63f3fc5", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Diagnosis", "Immunization", "Smallpox Vaccine"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_55033b224f14", "question": {"candidates": ["Smallpox Vaccine", "Immunization", "Moths", "Dermatitis", "Diagnosis", "Poisoning"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"24206135f63f3fc5.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "24206135f63f3fc5.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"dermatitis": "mesh:Dermatitis", "diagnosis": "mesh:Diagnosis", "immunization": "mesh:Immunization", "moths": "mesh:Moths", "poisoning": "mesh:Poisoning", "smallpox vaccine": "mesh:Smallpox Vaccine"}, "unit": "24206135f63f3fc5"}
+{"answer": ["Dermatomycoses", "Opportunistic Infections", "Pneumocystis carinii", "Pneumocystis jiroveci", "Pneumonia, Pneumocystis"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "e333bddf8d26dc61", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Carbon Tetrachloride", "New Mexico", "Rodenticides", "Toxins", "Uganda"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_f05225f21d88", "question": {"candidates": ["Pneumocystis jiroveci", "Carbon Tetrachloride", "Rodenticides", "Pneumonia, Pneumocystis", "New Mexico", "Toxins", "Opportunistic Infections", "Uganda", "Dermatomycoses", "Pneumocystis carinii"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"e333bddf8d26dc61.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "e333bddf8d26dc61.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"carbon tetrachloride": "mesh:Carbon Tetrachloride", "dermatomycoses": "mesh:Dermatomycoses", "new mexico": "mesh:New Mexico", "opportunistic infections": "mesh:Opportunistic Infections", "pneumocystis carinii": "mesh:Pneumocystis carinii", "pneumocystis jiroveci": "mesh:Pneumocystis jiroveci", "pneumonia, pneumocystis": "mesh:Pneumonia, Pneumocystis", "rodenticides": "mesh:Rodenticides", "toxins": "mesh:Toxins", "uganda": "mesh:Uganda"}, "unit": "e333bddf8d26dc61"}
+{"answer": ["Diabetic Foot", "Psychometrics", "Reproducibility of Results"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "7e65d3e3b7d9ada1", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Latin America", "Papillomavirus Vaccines", "Stakeholder Participation"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_dc12d4313c55", "question": {"candidates": ["Papillomavirus Vaccines", "Diabetic Foot", "Latin America", "Reproducibility of Results", "Stakeholder Participation", "Psychometrics"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"7e65d3e3b7d9ada1.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "7e65d3e3b7d9ada1.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"diabetic foot": "mesh:Diabetic Foot", "latin america": "mesh:Latin America", "papillomavirus vaccines": "mesh:Papillomavirus Vaccines", "psychometrics": "mesh:Psychometrics", "reproducibility of results": "mesh:Reproducibility of Results", "stakeholder participation": "mesh:Stakeholder Participation"}, "unit": "7e65d3e3b7d9ada1"}
+{"answer": ["Diagnosis", "Diagnostic Equipment", "Malaria"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "0426a2b9725b6a9b", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Elements", "Fathers", "Pakistan"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_4456a95a4500", "question": {"candidates": ["Diagnostic Equipment", "Pakistan", "Fathers", "Elements", "Malaria", "Diagnosis"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"0426a2b9725b6a9b.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "0426a2b9725b6a9b.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"diagnosis": "mesh:Diagnosis", "diagnostic equipment": "mesh:Diagnostic Equipment", "elements": "mesh:Elements", "fathers": "mesh:Fathers", "malaria": "mesh:Malaria", "pakistan": "mesh:Pakistan"}, "unit": "0426a2b9725b6a9b"}
+{"answer": ["Diagnosis", "Diagnostic Equipment", "Malaria"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "d8aafa4d5c856aec", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Insect Control", "Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine", "Pest Control, Biological"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_be8b3fc47b4b", "question": {"candidates": ["Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine", "Malaria", "Insect Control", "Pest Control, Biological", "Diagnostic Equipment", "Diagnosis"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"d8aafa4d5c856aec.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "d8aafa4d5c856aec.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"diagnosis": "mesh:Diagnosis", "diagnostic equipment": "mesh:Diagnostic Equipment", "insect control": "mesh:Insect Control", "malaria": "mesh:Malaria", "measles-mumps-rubella vaccine": "mesh:Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine", "pest control, biological": "mesh:Pest Control, Biological"}, "unit": "d8aafa4d5c856aec"}
+{"answer": ["Diagnosis", "Diagnostic Equipment", "Malaria"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "ecb901a4eb28a5a8", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["HIV Antigens", "Insecticides", "Lead"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_df2bc2624493", "question": {"candidates": ["Malaria", "Lead", "Diagnostic Equipment", "Diagnosis", "HIV Antigens", "Insecticides"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"ecb901a4eb28a5a8.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "ecb901a4eb28a5a8.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"diagnosis": "mesh:Diagnosis", "diagnostic equipment": "mesh:Diagnostic Equipment", "hiv antigens": "mesh:HIV Antigens", "insecticides": "mesh:Insecticides", "lead": "mesh:Lead", "malaria": "mesh:Malaria"}, "unit": "ecb901a4eb28a5a8"}
+{"answer": ["Diagnostic Equipment", "Enterobacteriaceae", "Enterobacteriaceae Infections"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "e337564cbc4bdae4", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Laboratory Personnel", "Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine", "Tooth Eruption"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_cef8a2bcdd17", "question": {"candidates": ["Enterobacteriaceae Infections", "Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine", "Laboratory Personnel", "Tooth Eruption", "Diagnostic Equipment", "Enterobacteriaceae"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"e337564cbc4bdae4.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "e337564cbc4bdae4.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"diagnostic equipment": "mesh:Diagnostic Equipment", "enterobacteriaceae": "mesh:Enterobacteriaceae", "enterobacteriaceae infections": "mesh:Enterobacteriaceae Infections", "laboratory personnel": "mesh:Laboratory Personnel", "measles-mumps-rubella vaccine": "mesh:Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine", "tooth eruption": "mesh:Tooth Eruption"}, "unit": "e337564cbc4bdae4"}
+{"answer": ["Diagnostic Equipment", "Hartmannella", "Legionnaires' Disease"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "e2b40fc0b99850c6", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Allergens", "Carbon Tetrachloride", "Pollen"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_0c57aae36ea2", "question": {"candidates": ["Pollen", "Allergens", "Diagnostic Equipment", "Legionnaires' Disease", "Hartmannella", "Carbon Tetrachloride"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"e2b40fc0b99850c6.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "e2b40fc0b99850c6.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"allergens": "mesh:Allergens", "carbon tetrachloride": "mesh:Carbon Tetrachloride", "diagnostic equipment": "mesh:Diagnostic Equipment", "hartmannella": "mesh:Hartmannella", "legionnaires' disease": "mesh:Legionnaires' Disease", "pollen": "mesh:Pollen"}, "unit": "e2b40fc0b99850c6"}
+{"answer": ["Digital Media", "HIV Infections", "HIV Testing", "Health Promotion", "Mobile Applications"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "21f36cdff3b58f16", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Culicidae", "Internship and Residency", "Middle East", "Sociodemographic Factors", "Stakeholder Participation"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_ffa92e53e3a6", "question": {"candidates": ["HIV Infections", "Internship and Residency", "Middle East", "Digital Media", "Stakeholder Participation", "Sociodemographic Factors", "HIV Testing", "Culicidae", "Mobile Applications", "Health Promotion"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"21f36cdff3b58f16.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "21f36cdff3b58f16.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"culicidae": "mesh:Culicidae", "digital media": "mesh:Digital Media", "health promotion": "mesh:Health Promotion", "hiv infections": "mesh:HIV Infections", "hiv testing": "mesh:HIV Testing", "internship and residency": "mesh:Internship and Residency", "middle east": "mesh:Middle East", "mobile applications": "mesh:Mobile Applications", "sociodemographic factors": "mesh:Sociodemographic Factors", "stakeholder participation": "mesh:Stakeholder Participation"}, "unit": "21f36cdff3b58f16"}
+{"answer": ["Dirofilaria immitis", "Eye Diseases", "Filariasis", "Helminthiasis, Animal"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "547b6edcce462690", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Diagnosis", "Immunization"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_f4198c84d5f2", "question": {"candidates": ["Dirofilaria immitis", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Eye Diseases", "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)", "Immunization", "Diagnosis", "Filariasis", "Helminthiasis, Animal"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"547b6edcce462690.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "547b6edcce462690.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"centers for disease control and prevention (u.s.)": "mesh:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)", "democratic republic of the congo": "mesh:Democratic Republic of the Congo", "diagnosis": "mesh:Diagnosis", "dirofilaria immitis": "mesh:Dirofilaria immitis", "eye diseases": "mesh:Eye Diseases", "filariasis": "mesh:Filariasis", "helminthiasis, animal": "mesh:Helminthiasis, Animal", "immunization": "mesh:Immunization"}, "unit": "547b6edcce462690"}
+{"answer": ["Disability Discrimination", "Evidence Gaps", "Persons with Disabilities"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "ec103f967219e228", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Cetylpyridinium", "Mobile Applications", "Prisons"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_e25642a97b1b", "question": {"candidates": ["Disability Discrimination", "Cetylpyridinium", "Persons with Disabilities", "Evidence Gaps", "Mobile Applications", "Prisons"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"ec103f967219e228.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "ec103f967219e228.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"cetylpyridinium": "mesh:Cetylpyridinium", "disability discrimination": "mesh:Disability Discrimination", "evidence gaps": "mesh:Evidence Gaps", "mobile applications": "mesh:Mobile Applications", "persons with disabilities": "mesh:Persons with Disabilities", "prisons": "mesh:Prisons"}, "unit": "ec103f967219e228"}
+{"answer": ["Distemper", "Distemper Virus, Canine"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "9b14978aa44f10bf", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Nevirapine", "Oregon"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_d4772f763dd7", "question": {"candidates": ["Oregon", "Nevirapine", "Distemper Virus, Canine", "Distemper"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"9b14978aa44f10bf.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "9b14978aa44f10bf.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"distemper": "mesh:Distemper", "distemper virus, canine": "mesh:Distemper Virus, Canine", "nevirapine": "mesh:Nevirapine", "oregon": "mesh:Oregon"}, "unit": "9b14978aa44f10bf"}
+{"answer": ["Drug Prescriptions", "Medication Errors", "Non-Medical Prescribing", "Research Design", "Systematic Reviews as Topic"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "fb54f6be13664cf7", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Diabetic Foot", "Epilepsy", "Myocardial Infarction", "Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological", "Weight Gain"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_59168f68afe9", "question": {"candidates": ["Medication Errors", "Myocardial Infarction", "Diabetic Foot", "Non-Medical Prescribing", "Weight Gain", "Epilepsy", "Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological", "Research Design", "Drug Prescriptions", "Systematic Reviews as Topic"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"fb54f6be13664cf7.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "fb54f6be13664cf7.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"diabetic foot": "mesh:Diabetic Foot", "drug prescriptions": "mesh:Drug Prescriptions", "epilepsy": "mesh:Epilepsy", "medication errors": "mesh:Medication Errors", "myocardial infarction": "mesh:Myocardial Infarction", "non-medical prescribing": "mesh:Non-Medical Prescribing", "research design": "mesh:Research Design", "sexual dysfunction, physiological": "mesh:Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological", "systematic reviews as topic": "mesh:Systematic Reviews as Topic", "weight gain": "mesh:Weight Gain"}, "unit": "fb54f6be13664cf7"}
+{"answer": ["Dysentery, Amebic", "Entamoeba histolytica"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "448ec206d56e6560", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Niger", "Smallpox Vaccine"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_4a1f93a366aa", "question": {"candidates": ["Smallpox Vaccine", "Dysentery, Amebic", "Niger", "Entamoeba histolytica"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"448ec206d56e6560.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "448ec206d56e6560.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"dysentery, amebic": "mesh:Dysentery, Amebic", "entamoeba histolytica": "mesh:Entamoeba histolytica", "niger": "mesh:Niger", "smallpox vaccine": "mesh:Smallpox Vaccine"}, "unit": "448ec206d56e6560"}
+{"answer": ["Early Detection of Cancer", "Ghana", "Meta-Analysis as Topic", "Systematic Reviews as Topic", "Uterine Cervical Neoplasms"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "799b9f117e90e8ef", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Analgesics, Opioid", "Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4", "Dental Materials", "Psychiatry", "Qualitative Research"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_cf21e68a474d", "question": {"candidates": ["Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4", "Meta-Analysis as Topic", "Analgesics, Opioid", "Ghana", "Uterine Cervical Neoplasms", "Qualitative Research", "Psychiatry", "Dental Materials", "Systematic Reviews as Topic", "Early Detection of Cancer"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"799b9f117e90e8ef.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "799b9f117e90e8ef.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"analgesics, opioid": "mesh:Analgesics, Opioid", "cyclin-dependent kinase 4": "mesh:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4", "dental materials": "mesh:Dental Materials", "early detection of cancer": "mesh:Early Detection of Cancer", "ghana": "mesh:Ghana", "meta-analysis as topic": "mesh:Meta-Analysis as Topic", "psychiatry": "mesh:Psychiatry", "qualitative research": "mesh:Qualitative Research", "systematic reviews as topic": "mesh:Systematic Reviews as Topic", "uterine cervical neoplasms": "mesh:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms"}, "unit": "799b9f117e90e8ef"}
+{"answer": ["Electronic Health Records", "Internet", "Mobile Health Units", "Rural Health Services", "Rural Population", "Satellite Communications"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "29d0ffb53cd7f5f6", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Chronic Disease", "Digital Technology", "Hematology", "Noncommunicable Diseases", "Papillomavirus Infections", "Refugees"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_b90b7e9860b6", "question": {"candidates": ["Refugees", "Electronic Health Records", "Mobile Health Units", "Internet", "Digital Technology", "Papillomavirus Infections", "Rural Health Services", "Chronic Disease", "Hematology", "Rural Population", "Satellite Communications", "Noncommunicable Diseases"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"29d0ffb53cd7f5f6.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "29d0ffb53cd7f5f6.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"chronic disease": "mesh:Chronic Disease", "digital technology": "mesh:Digital Technology", "electronic health records": "mesh:Electronic Health Records", "hematology": "mesh:Hematology", "internet": "mesh:Internet", "mobile health units": "mesh:Mobile Health Units", "noncommunicable diseases": "mesh:Noncommunicable Diseases", "papillomavirus infections": "mesh:Papillomavirus Infections", "refugees": "mesh:Refugees", "rural health services": "mesh:Rural Health Services", "rural population": "mesh:Rural Population", "satellite communications": "mesh:Satellite Communications"}, "unit": "29d0ffb53cd7f5f6"}
+{"answer": ["Endodontics", "Head and Neck Neoplasms", "Osteoradionecrosis"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "b3b772fbcce39189", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Guideline Adherence", "Maternal Health Services", "Mobile Applications"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_927a981e7d43", "question": {"candidates": ["Mobile Applications", "Guideline Adherence", "Endodontics", "Osteoradionecrosis", "Maternal Health Services", "Head and Neck Neoplasms"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"b3b772fbcce39189.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "b3b772fbcce39189.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"endodontics": "mesh:Endodontics", "guideline adherence": "mesh:Guideline Adherence", "head and neck neoplasms": "mesh:Head and Neck Neoplasms", "maternal health services": "mesh:Maternal Health Services", "mobile applications": "mesh:Mobile Applications", "osteoradionecrosis": "mesh:Osteoradionecrosis"}, "unit": "b3b772fbcce39189"}
+{"answer": ["Enterobiasis", "Nematoda"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "e38b716bc8a21e0f", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Chlorine Compounds", "Diagnosis"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_c625785dc0c9", "question": {"candidates": ["Chlorine Compounds", "Enterobiasis", "Diagnosis", "Nematoda"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"e38b716bc8a21e0f.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "e38b716bc8a21e0f.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"chlorine compounds": "mesh:Chlorine Compounds", "diagnosis": "mesh:Diagnosis", "enterobiasis": "mesh:Enterobiasis", "nematoda": "mesh:Nematoda"}, "unit": "e38b716bc8a21e0f"}
+{"answer": ["Enterovirus", "Oregon"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "18188ae1f5609aa4", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Brain", "Teaching Materials"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_e175d5662533", "question": {"candidates": ["Brain", "Enterovirus", "Teaching Materials", "Oregon"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"18188ae1f5609aa4.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "18188ae1f5609aa4.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"brain": "mesh:Brain", "enterovirus": "mesh:Enterovirus", "oregon": "mesh:Oregon", "teaching materials": "mesh:Teaching Materials"}, "unit": "18188ae1f5609aa4"}
+{"answer": ["Enterovirus", "Oregon"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "48435faed6d25ba5", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Air Pollutants, Environmental", "Prisoners"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_c2959074075b", "question": {"candidates": ["Oregon", "Prisoners", "Enterovirus", "Air Pollutants, Environmental"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"48435faed6d25ba5.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "48435faed6d25ba5.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"air pollutants, environmental": "mesh:Air Pollutants, Environmental", "enterovirus": "mesh:Enterovirus", "oregon": "mesh:Oregon", "prisoners": "mesh:Prisoners"}, "unit": "48435faed6d25ba5"}
+{"answer": ["Fertilization", "Mental Health", "Postpartum Period", "Psychological Well-Being"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "b489299c819d5b39", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Africa South of the Sahara", "HIV Infections", "HIV Testing", "Malaria"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_32fa51007605", "question": {"candidates": ["Postpartum Period", "Fertilization", "HIV Infections", "Mental Health", "Psychological Well-Being", "Africa South of the Sahara", "HIV Testing", "Malaria"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"b489299c819d5b39.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "b489299c819d5b39.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"africa south of the sahara": "mesh:Africa South of the Sahara", "fertilization": "mesh:Fertilization", "hiv infections": "mesh:HIV Infections", "hiv testing": "mesh:HIV Testing", "malaria": "mesh:Malaria", "mental health": "mesh:Mental Health", "postpartum period": "mesh:Postpartum Period", "psychological well-being": "mesh:Psychological Well-Being"}, "unit": "b489299c819d5b39"}
+{"answer": ["Flagella", "Pseudomonas"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "7823b747aae00a11", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Immunization", "Smallpox Vaccine"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_99fdaf2f8dc7", "question": {"candidates": ["Flagella", "Smallpox Vaccine", "Pseudomonas", "Immunization"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"7823b747aae00a11.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "7823b747aae00a11.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"flagella": "mesh:Flagella", "immunization": "mesh:Immunization", "pseudomonas": "mesh:Pseudomonas", "smallpox vaccine": "mesh:Smallpox Vaccine"}, "unit": "7823b747aae00a11"}
+{"answer": ["Francisella tularensis", "Skin", "Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases", "Tularemia"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "46d58107893e1592", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Charcoal", "Coke", "Diagnostic Equipment", "Methicillin Resistance"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_dff2e1b54352", "question": {"candidates": ["Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases", "Skin", "Charcoal", "Tularemia", "Diagnostic Equipment", "Francisella tularensis", "Methicillin Resistance", "Coke"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"46d58107893e1592.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "46d58107893e1592.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"charcoal": "mesh:Charcoal", "coke": "mesh:Coke", "diagnostic equipment": "mesh:Diagnostic Equipment", "francisella tularensis": "mesh:Francisella tularensis", "methicillin resistance": "mesh:Methicillin Resistance", "skin": "mesh:Skin", "skin and connective tissue diseases": "mesh:Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases", "tularemia": "mesh:Tularemia"}, "unit": "46d58107893e1592"}
+{"answer": ["Fumonisins", "Fusarium"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "b0fe18eba3ca1268", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Arbovirus Infections", "Influenza"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_dbcdf7e30abe", "question": {"candidates": ["Arbovirus Infections", "Fusarium", "Influenza", "Fumonisins"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"b0fe18eba3ca1268.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "b0fe18eba3ca1268.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"arbovirus infections": "mesh:Arbovirus Infections", "fumonisins": "mesh:Fumonisins", "fusarium": "mesh:Fusarium", "influenza": "mesh:Influenza"}, "unit": "b0fe18eba3ca1268"}
+{"answer": ["Fungi", "Maduromycosis"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "a797ccba6f75da82", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Diagnostic Equipment", "Science"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_a6378f7d0905", "question": {"candidates": ["Fungi", "Diagnostic Equipment", "Maduromycosis", "Science"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"a797ccba6f75da82.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "a797ccba6f75da82.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"diagnostic equipment": "mesh:Diagnostic Equipment", "fungi": "mesh:Fungi", "maduromycosis": "mesh:Maduromycosis", "science": "mesh:Science"}, "unit": "a797ccba6f75da82"}
+{"answer": ["Gangrene", "Plague", "Skin"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "bea88f63435dd58e", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Child Care", "Child Health Services", "Child Welfare"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_4264ef2654c8", "question": {"candidates": ["Child Health Services", "Skin", "Gangrene", "Child Welfare", "Child Care", "Plague"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"bea88f63435dd58e.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "bea88f63435dd58e.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"child care": "mesh:Child Care", "child health services": "mesh:Child Health Services", "child welfare": "mesh:Child Welfare", "gangrene": "mesh:Gangrene", "plague": "mesh:Plague", "skin": "mesh:Skin"}, "unit": "bea88f63435dd58e"}
+{"answer": ["Gangrene", "Plague"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "2fbda79dde283af0", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Family Planning Services", "North Carolina"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_576f2100b448", "question": {"candidates": ["Family Planning Services", "Plague", "North Carolina", "Gangrene"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"2fbda79dde283af0.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "2fbda79dde283af0.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"family planning services": "mesh:Family Planning Services", "gangrene": "mesh:Gangrene", "north carolina": "mesh:North Carolina", "plague": "mesh:Plague"}, "unit": "2fbda79dde283af0"}
+{"answer": ["Genomics", "Hispanic or Latino", "Latin America", "Neoplasms", "United States"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "e354809e54972ec2", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Dental Materials", "International Cooperation", "Psychotherapy", "Terminology as Topic", "Vaccination"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_72716e752dfa", "question": {"candidates": ["Hispanic or Latino", "International Cooperation", "Terminology as Topic", "Neoplasms", "Genomics", "Vaccination", "Dental Materials", "United States", "Latin America", "Psychotherapy"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"e354809e54972ec2.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "e354809e54972ec2.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"dental materials": "mesh:Dental Materials", "genomics": "mesh:Genomics", "hispanic or latino": "mesh:Hispanic or Latino", "international cooperation": "mesh:International Cooperation", "latin america": "mesh:Latin America", "neoplasms": "mesh:Neoplasms", "psychotherapy": "mesh:Psychotherapy", "terminology as topic": "mesh:Terminology as Topic", "united states": "mesh:United States", "vaccination": "mesh:Vaccination"}, "unit": "e354809e54972ec2"}
+{"answer": ["Geotrichosis", "Geotrichum"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "5d510f9faa3b6dc4", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Communicable Disease Control", "Cooking and Eating Utensils"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_0490271f2ac0", "question": {"candidates": ["Geotrichosis", "Geotrichum", "Cooking and Eating Utensils", "Communicable Disease Control"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"5d510f9faa3b6dc4.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "5d510f9faa3b6dc4.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"communicable disease control": "mesh:Communicable Disease Control", "cooking and eating utensils": "mesh:Cooking and Eating Utensils", "geotrichosis": "mesh:Geotrichosis", "geotrichum": "mesh:Geotrichum"}, "unit": "5d510f9faa3b6dc4"}
+{"answer": ["Geriatric Assessment", "Psychometrics", "Validation Studies as Topic"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "9f7a19d05ad000e0", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Internet", "Satellite Communications", "Scoping Reviews As Topic"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_5c3cffcec4cf", "question": {"candidates": ["Validation Studies as Topic", "Scoping Reviews As Topic", "Psychometrics", "Satellite Communications", "Geriatric Assessment", "Internet"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"9f7a19d05ad000e0.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "9f7a19d05ad000e0.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"geriatric assessment": "mesh:Geriatric Assessment", "internet": "mesh:Internet", "psychometrics": "mesh:Psychometrics", "satellite communications": "mesh:Satellite Communications", "scoping reviews as topic": "mesh:Scoping Reviews As Topic", "validation studies as topic": "mesh:Validation Studies as Topic"}, "unit": "9f7a19d05ad000e0"}
+{"answer": ["Guideline Adherence", "Practice Guidelines as Topic", "Public Health"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "2831eda7ad7e8eb3", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Prodromal Symptoms", "Respiratory Sounds", "Systematic Reviews as Topic"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_8dcdb217a2e5", "question": {"candidates": ["Practice Guidelines as Topic", "Prodromal Symptoms", "Respiratory Sounds", "Systematic Reviews as Topic", "Public Health", "Guideline Adherence"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"2831eda7ad7e8eb3.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "2831eda7ad7e8eb3.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"guideline adherence": "mesh:Guideline Adherence", "practice guidelines as topic": "mesh:Practice Guidelines as Topic", "prodromal symptoms": "mesh:Prodromal Symptoms", "public health": "mesh:Public Health", "respiratory sounds": "mesh:Respiratory Sounds", "systematic reviews as topic": "mesh:Systematic Reviews as Topic"}, "unit": "2831eda7ad7e8eb3"}
+{"answer": ["Guinea", "Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola", "Liberia", "Medical Missions, Official", "Nigeria", "Sierra Leone", "United States Government Agencies"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "c14b43fc81951ca6", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Air Pollutants, Occupational", "Blood Pressure Determination", "DDT", "Histocytochemistry", "Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Transmission", "Poliovirus Vaccines", "Spectrophotometry"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_53b1f83f92be", "question": {"candidates": ["Histocytochemistry", "Liberia", "Sierra Leone", "United States Government Agencies", "Nigeria", "Spectrophotometry", "DDT", "Blood Pressure Determination", "Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Transmission", "Poliovirus Vaccines", "Guinea", "Air Pollutants, Occupational", "Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola", "Medical Missions, Official"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"c14b43fc81951ca6.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "c14b43fc81951ca6.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"air pollutants, occupational": "mesh:Air Pollutants, Occupational", "blood pressure determination": "mesh:Blood Pressure Determination", "ddt": "mesh:DDT", "guinea": "mesh:Guinea", "hemorrhagic fever, ebola": "mesh:Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola", "histocytochemistry": "mesh:Histocytochemistry", "liberia": "mesh:Liberia", "medical missions, official": "mesh:Medical Missions, Official", "microscopy, electron, scanning transmission": "mesh:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Transmission", "nigeria": "mesh:Nigeria", "poliovirus vaccines": "mesh:Poliovirus Vaccines", "sierra leone": "mesh:Sierra Leone", "spectrophotometry": "mesh:Spectrophotometry", "united states government agencies": "mesh:United States Government Agencies"}, "unit": "c14b43fc81951ca6"}
+{"answer": ["Guinea", "Mass Immunization", "Railroads", "Smallpox", "Smallpox Vaccine", "Vaccination"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "ac2a03b0806eb06e", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Allergy and Immunology", "Education, Medical, Continuing", "Skin", "Tooth Exfoliation", "Water Deprivation", "Women"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_b6ea044e6f5a", "question": {"candidates": ["Education, Medical, Continuing", "Smallpox", "Railroads", "Tooth Exfoliation", "Smallpox Vaccine", "Women", "Vaccination", "Water Deprivation", "Allergy and Immunology", "Mass Immunization", "Guinea", "Skin"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"ac2a03b0806eb06e.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "ac2a03b0806eb06e.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"allergy and immunology": "mesh:Allergy and Immunology", "education, medical, continuing": "mesh:Education, Medical, Continuing", "guinea": "mesh:Guinea", "mass immunization": "mesh:Mass Immunization", "railroads": "mesh:Railroads", "skin": "mesh:Skin", "smallpox": "mesh:Smallpox", "smallpox vaccine": "mesh:Smallpox Vaccine", "tooth exfoliation": "mesh:Tooth Exfoliation", "vaccination": "mesh:Vaccination", "water deprivation": "mesh:Water Deprivation", "women": "mesh:Women"}, "unit": "ac2a03b0806eb06e"}
+{"answer": ["HIV Infections", "Malawi"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "9e7709e13cdcbf1c", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Indigenous Peoples", "Violence"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_db17613dc215", "question": {"candidates": ["Malawi", "HIV Infections", "Violence", "Indigenous Peoples"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"9e7709e13cdcbf1c.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "9e7709e13cdcbf1c.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"hiv infections": "mesh:HIV Infections", "indigenous peoples": "mesh:Indigenous Peoples", "malawi": "mesh:Malawi", "violence": "mesh:Violence"}, "unit": "9e7709e13cdcbf1c"}
+{"answer": ["HIV prevention", "Virus Testing"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "7db9adcda32dd089", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Allied Health Care Professionals", "Health Care Facilities"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_c84b0d6c321f", "question": {"candidates": ["Health Care Facilities", "Virus Testing", "Allied Health Care Professionals", "HIV prevention"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"jats_subject:Discipline-v3\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"7db9adcda32dd089.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "7db9adcda32dd089.pdf", "vocabulary": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"allied health care professionals": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/health care/health care providers/allied health care professionals", "health care facilities": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/health care/health care facilities", "hiv prevention": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/public and occupational health/preventive medicine/hiv prevention", "virus testing": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3:medicine and health sciences/diagnostic medicine/virus testing"}, "unit": "7db9adcda32dd089"}
+{"answer": ["Hair", "Onygenales", "Skin"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "a393d304dad4ed0e", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Insecticides", "Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Transmission", "Wales"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_c73dcfb79c14", "question": {"candidates": ["Skin", "Hair", "Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Transmission", "Wales", "Onygenales", "Insecticides"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"a393d304dad4ed0e.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "a393d304dad4ed0e.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"hair": "mesh:Hair", "insecticides": "mesh:Insecticides", "microscopy, electron, scanning transmission": "mesh:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Transmission", "onygenales": "mesh:Onygenales", "skin": "mesh:Skin", "wales": "mesh:Wales"}, "unit": "a393d304dad4ed0e"}
+{"answer": ["Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice", "Help-Seeking Behavior", "Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "4ca39dff3088d449", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Digital Media", "Reproductive Techniques, Assisted", "United Kingdom"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_2dbb158f5058", "question": {"candidates": ["Digital Media", "Reproductive Techniques, Assisted", "United Kingdom", "Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms", "Help-Seeking Behavior", "Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"4ca39dff3088d449.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "4ca39dff3088d449.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"digital media": "mesh:Digital Media", "health knowledge, attitudes, practice": "mesh:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice", "help-seeking behavior": "mesh:Help-Seeking Behavior", "lower urinary tract symptoms": "mesh:Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms", "reproductive techniques, assisted": "mesh:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted", "united kingdom": "mesh:United Kingdom"}, "unit": "4ca39dff3088d449"}
+{"answer": ["Health Services for Prisoners", "Prisons", "Reproductive Health", "Reproductive Health Services", "Sexual Health", "Women's Health"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "4d5d8a4c038abda5", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Anxiety Disorders", "Asia, Southeastern", "Delphi Technique", "Health Information Exchange", "Research Design", "Risk-Taking"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_644fca3b23fd", "question": {"candidates": ["Women's Health", "Risk-Taking", "Sexual Health", "Prisons", "Research Design", "Health Services for Prisoners", "Reproductive Health Services", "Asia, Southeastern", "Health Information Exchange", "Reproductive Health", "Delphi Technique", "Anxiety Disorders"], "text": "Which of the candidate mesh labels are covered by the PDF document \"4d5d8a4c038abda5.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "4d5d8a4c038abda5.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"anxiety disorders": "mesh:Anxiety Disorders", "asia, southeastern": "mesh:Asia, Southeastern", "delphi technique": "mesh:Delphi Technique", "health information exchange": "mesh:Health Information Exchange", "health services for prisoners": "mesh:Health Services for Prisoners", "prisons": "mesh:Prisons", "reproductive health": "mesh:Reproductive Health", "reproductive health services": "mesh:Reproductive Health Services", "research design": "mesh:Research Design", "risk-taking": "mesh:Risk-Taking", "sexual health": "mesh:Sexual Health", "women's health": "mesh:Women's Health"}, "unit": "4d5d8a4c038abda5"}
+{"answer": ["Health Services, Indigenous", "Perinatal Care"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "239d277f63807086", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Dental Caries", "Malaria"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_d883e4935c73", "question": {"candidates": ["Perinatal Care", "Malaria", "Dental Caries", "Health Services, Indigenous"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"239d277f63807086.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "239d277f63807086.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"dental caries": "mesh:Dental Caries", "health services, indigenous": "mesh:Health Services, Indigenous", "malaria": "mesh:Malaria", "perinatal care": "mesh:Perinatal Care"}, "unit": "239d277f63807086"}
+{"answer": ["Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus", "Influenza", "Influenza A virus"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "a6d1aa86baa3fc9b", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Diagnostic Equipment", "Mosquito Control", "Training Support"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_3bf737f05fe7", "question": {"candidates": ["Training Support", "Mosquito Control", "Influenza A virus", "Diagnostic Equipment", "Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus", "Influenza"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"a6d1aa86baa3fc9b.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "a6d1aa86baa3fc9b.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"diagnostic equipment": "mesh:Diagnostic Equipment", "hemagglutinin glycoproteins, influenza virus": "mesh:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus", "influenza": "mesh:Influenza", "influenza a virus": "mesh:Influenza A virus", "mosquito control": "mesh:Mosquito Control", "training support": "mesh:Training Support"}, "unit": "a6d1aa86baa3fc9b"}
+{"answer": ["Hematologic Diseases", "Malaria"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "c4de12fc99818d53", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Arthropod Venoms", "Smallpox Vaccine"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_841448eb3456", "question": {"candidates": ["Malaria", "Smallpox Vaccine", "Hematologic Diseases", "Arthropod Venoms"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"c4de12fc99818d53.jpg\", and which ones are not present in it?", "topic": "c4de12fc99818d53.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"arthropod venoms": "mesh:Arthropod Venoms", "hematologic diseases": "mesh:Hematologic Diseases", "malaria": "mesh:Malaria", "smallpox vaccine": "mesh:Smallpox Vaccine"}, "unit": "c4de12fc99818d53"}
+{"answer": ["Hematologic Neoplasms", "Hematology"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "e182146a56c5ab23", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Insurance, Health", "Medication Errors"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_7c441244b567", "question": {"candidates": ["Medication Errors", "Hematology", "Insurance, Health", "Hematologic Neoplasms"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"e182146a56c5ab23.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "e182146a56c5ab23.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"hematologic neoplasms": "mesh:Hematologic Neoplasms", "hematology": "mesh:Hematology", "insurance, health": "mesh:Insurance, Health", "medication errors": "mesh:Medication Errors"}, "unit": "e182146a56c5ab23"}
+{"answer": ["Hepatitis E", "Hepatitis E virus", "Refugees", "Sudan"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "6325f30ff93e9b48", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)", "Copper", "Immunization", "Smallpox Vaccine"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_e722155d1e9c", "question": {"candidates": ["Hepatitis E virus", "Refugees", "Sudan", "Hepatitis E", "Smallpox Vaccine", "Copper", "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)", "Immunization"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"6325f30ff93e9b48.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "6325f30ff93e9b48.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"centers for disease control and prevention (u.s.)": "mesh:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)", "copper": "mesh:Copper", "hepatitis e": "mesh:Hepatitis E", "hepatitis e virus": "mesh:Hepatitis E virus", "immunization": "mesh:Immunization", "refugees": "mesh:Refugees", "smallpox vaccine": "mesh:Smallpox Vaccine", "sudan": "mesh:Sudan"}, "unit": "6325f30ff93e9b48"}
+{"answer": ["Histoplasma", "Histoplasmosis"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "0a4a7f33442cde6e", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Ascorbic Acid", "Diagnostic Equipment"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_c77ac3e7722b", "question": {"candidates": ["Ascorbic Acid", "Histoplasma", "Diagnostic Equipment", "Histoplasmosis"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"0a4a7f33442cde6e.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "0a4a7f33442cde6e.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"ascorbic acid": "mesh:Ascorbic Acid", "diagnostic equipment": "mesh:Diagnostic Equipment", "histoplasma": "mesh:Histoplasma", "histoplasmosis": "mesh:Histoplasmosis"}, "unit": "0a4a7f33442cde6e"}
+{"answer": ["Human Papillomavirus Viruses", "Papillomavirus Infections", "Papillomavirus Vaccines", "Public Health", "Uterine Cervical Neoplasms", "Vaccination"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "ae093d2b5c16849b", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Adolescent Behavior", "Depression", "Fertilization", "Malawi", "Myanmar", "Prisons"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_0fbc63997975", "question": {"candidates": ["Public Health", "Myanmar", "Adolescent Behavior", "Human Papillomavirus Viruses", "Uterine Cervical Neoplasms", "Malawi", "Papillomavirus Vaccines", "Depression", "Prisons", "Fertilization", "Vaccination", "Papillomavirus Infections"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"ae093d2b5c16849b.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "ae093d2b5c16849b.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"adolescent behavior": "mesh:Adolescent Behavior", "depression": "mesh:Depression", "fertilization": "mesh:Fertilization", "human papillomavirus viruses": "mesh:Human Papillomavirus Viruses", "malawi": "mesh:Malawi", "myanmar": "mesh:Myanmar", "papillomavirus infections": "mesh:Papillomavirus Infections", "papillomavirus vaccines": "mesh:Papillomavirus Vaccines", "prisons": "mesh:Prisons", "public health": "mesh:Public Health", "uterine cervical neoplasms": "mesh:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms", "vaccination": "mesh:Vaccination"}, "unit": "ae093d2b5c16849b"}
+{"answer": ["Immunization", "India", "Smallpox Vaccine"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "72eaa229c41c618a", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Cookery", "Documentation", "Medical Missions, Official"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_3bd4a8defee6", "question": {"candidates": ["Medical Missions, Official", "Smallpox Vaccine", "Documentation", "Cookery", "India", "Immunization"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"72eaa229c41c618a.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "72eaa229c41c618a.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"cookery": "mesh:Cookery", "documentation": "mesh:Documentation", "immunization": "mesh:Immunization", "india": "mesh:India", "medical missions, official": "mesh:Medical Missions, Official", "smallpox vaccine": "mesh:Smallpox Vaccine"}, "unit": "72eaa229c41c618a"}
+{"answer": ["Immunization", "Measles", "Measles virus", "Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine", "Nigeria", "Smallpox", "Smallpox Vaccine"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "06bb5929af7c0545", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Agriculture", "Dairying", "Entomology", "Food Handling", "Lung", "Prisons", "Tooth Permeability"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_05471dd4488e", "question": {"candidates": ["Measles", "Smallpox", "Prisons", "Entomology", "Measles virus", "Smallpox Vaccine", "Food Handling", "Nigeria", "Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine", "Tooth Permeability", "Immunization", "Lung", "Dairying", "Agriculture"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"06bb5929af7c0545.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "06bb5929af7c0545.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"agriculture": "mesh:Agriculture", "dairying": "mesh:Dairying", "entomology": "mesh:Entomology", "food handling": "mesh:Food Handling", "immunization": "mesh:Immunization", "lung": "mesh:Lung", "measles": "mesh:Measles", "measles virus": "mesh:Measles virus", "measles-mumps-rubella vaccine": "mesh:Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine", "nigeria": "mesh:Nigeria", "prisons": "mesh:Prisons", "smallpox": "mesh:Smallpox", "smallpox vaccine": "mesh:Smallpox Vaccine", "tooth permeability": "mesh:Tooth Permeability"}, "unit": "06bb5929af7c0545"}
+{"answer": ["Immunization", "Nigeria", "Smallpox", "Smallpox Vaccine"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "51dc8a9c7e164582", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Flagella", "Methicillin Resistance", "Motor Vehicles", "Skin"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_860ab4365438", "question": {"candidates": ["Flagella", "Motor Vehicles", "Immunization", "Smallpox Vaccine", "Smallpox", "Skin", "Methicillin Resistance", "Nigeria"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"51dc8a9c7e164582.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "51dc8a9c7e164582.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"flagella": "mesh:Flagella", "immunization": "mesh:Immunization", "methicillin resistance": "mesh:Methicillin Resistance", "motor vehicles": "mesh:Motor Vehicles", "nigeria": "mesh:Nigeria", "skin": "mesh:Skin", "smallpox": "mesh:Smallpox", "smallpox vaccine": "mesh:Smallpox Vaccine"}, "unit": "51dc8a9c7e164582"}
+{"answer": ["India", "Leprosy, Lepromatous"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "6768b867fbaea794", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)", "Microscopy"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_3225d5f2162a", "question": {"candidates": ["India", "Leprosy, Lepromatous", "Microscopy", "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"6768b867fbaea794.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "6768b867fbaea794.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"centers for disease control and prevention (u.s.)": "mesh:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)", "india": "mesh:India", "leprosy, lepromatous": "mesh:Leprosy, Lepromatous", "microscopy": "mesh:Microscopy"}, "unit": "6768b867fbaea794"}
+{"answer": ["Insect Control", "Insect Repellents", "Insecticides", "Insects"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "f543eeeef36310fb", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Bangladesh", "Diagnosis", "Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola", "Smallpox"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_ac862b64a6c0", "question": {"candidates": ["Diagnosis", "Insecticides", "Insect Control", "Bangladesh", "Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola", "Insects", "Insect Repellents", "Smallpox"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"f543eeeef36310fb.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "f543eeeef36310fb.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"bangladesh": "mesh:Bangladesh", "diagnosis": "mesh:Diagnosis", "hemorrhagic fever, ebola": "mesh:Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola", "insect control": "mesh:Insect Control", "insect repellents": "mesh:Insect Repellents", "insecticides": "mesh:Insecticides", "insects": "mesh:Insects", "smallpox": "mesh:Smallpox"}, "unit": "f543eeeef36310fb"}
+{"answer": ["Insurance, Health", "Middle East", "Private Sector"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "59d7379281e99d25", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Genomics", "Hispanic or Latino", "Neoplasms"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_049be1fc1274", "question": {"candidates": ["Middle East", "Genomics", "Private Sector", "Insurance, Health", "Hispanic or Latino", "Neoplasms"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"59d7379281e99d25.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "59d7379281e99d25.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"genomics": "mesh:Genomics", "hispanic or latino": "mesh:Hispanic or Latino", "insurance, health": "mesh:Insurance, Health", "middle east": "mesh:Middle East", "neoplasms": "mesh:Neoplasms", "private sector": "mesh:Private Sector"}, "unit": "59d7379281e99d25"}
+{"answer": ["Legionnaires' Disease", "North Carolina"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "e6930a85c23d8a51", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Rotavirus Vaccines", "World Health Organization"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_afc259bdc775", "question": {"candidates": ["Rotavirus Vaccines", "North Carolina", "Legionnaires' Disease", "World Health Organization"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"e6930a85c23d8a51.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "e6930a85c23d8a51.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"legionnaires' disease": "mesh:Legionnaires' Disease", "north carolina": "mesh:North Carolina", "rotavirus vaccines": "mesh:Rotavirus Vaccines", "world health organization": "mesh:World Health Organization"}, "unit": "e6930a85c23d8a51"}
+{"answer": ["Low Socioeconomic Status", "Oral Health", "Socioeconomic Disparities in Health", "Socioeconomic Factors"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "b0aea42ef11215f0", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms", "Myocardial Infarction", "Psychometrics", "Research Design"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_cecb77b4ae8c", "question": {"candidates": ["Low Socioeconomic Status", "Psychometrics", "Myocardial Infarction", "Socioeconomic Factors", "Socioeconomic Disparities in Health", "Research Design", "Oral Health", "Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"b0aea42ef11215f0.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "b0aea42ef11215f0.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"low socioeconomic status": "mesh:Low Socioeconomic Status", "lower urinary tract symptoms": "mesh:Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms", "myocardial infarction": "mesh:Myocardial Infarction", "oral health": "mesh:Oral Health", "psychometrics": "mesh:Psychometrics", "research design": "mesh:Research Design", "socioeconomic disparities in health": "mesh:Socioeconomic Disparities in Health", "socioeconomic factors": "mesh:Socioeconomic Factors"}, "unit": "b0aea42ef11215f0"}
+{"answer": ["Lung Diseases", "Mycobacterium", "Mycobacterium Infections", "Respiratory Tract Infections"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "f1a2f918d183f0d5", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Clinical Laboratory Information Systems", "Laboratory Techniques and Procedures", "Molecular Diagnostic Techniques", "Virus Cultivation"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_6c1c4dbfd838", "question": {"candidates": ["Clinical Laboratory Information Systems", "Mycobacterium", "Molecular Diagnostic Techniques", "Respiratory Tract Infections", "Lung Diseases", "Virus Cultivation", "Mycobacterium Infections", "Laboratory Techniques and Procedures"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"f1a2f918d183f0d5.jpg\", and which ones are not present in it?", "topic": "f1a2f918d183f0d5.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"clinical laboratory information systems": "mesh:Clinical Laboratory Information Systems", "laboratory techniques and procedures": "mesh:Laboratory Techniques and Procedures", "lung diseases": "mesh:Lung Diseases", "molecular diagnostic techniques": "mesh:Molecular Diagnostic Techniques", "mycobacterium": "mesh:Mycobacterium", "mycobacterium infections": "mesh:Mycobacterium Infections", "respiratory tract infections": "mesh:Respiratory Tract Infections", "virus cultivation": "mesh:Virus Cultivation"}, "unit": "f1a2f918d183f0d5"}
+{"answer": ["Malawi", "Noncommunicable Diseases", "Pediatrics", "Practice Guidelines as Topic"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "31127c870730d9e4", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Abortion, Induced", "Culex", "Polymerase Chain Reaction", "Risk-Taking"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_4a0951991ddf", "question": {"candidates": ["Abortion, Induced", "Risk-Taking", "Polymerase Chain Reaction", "Pediatrics", "Culex", "Noncommunicable Diseases", "Practice Guidelines as Topic", "Malawi"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"31127c870730d9e4.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "31127c870730d9e4.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"abortion, induced": "mesh:Abortion, Induced", "culex": "mesh:Culex", "malawi": "mesh:Malawi", "noncommunicable diseases": "mesh:Noncommunicable Diseases", "pediatrics": "mesh:Pediatrics", "polymerase chain reaction": "mesh:Polymerase Chain Reaction", "practice guidelines as topic": "mesh:Practice Guidelines as Topic", "risk-taking": "mesh:Risk-Taking"}, "unit": "31127c870730d9e4"}
+{"answer": ["Marmota", "New Mexico", "Plague", "Rodent Control", "Rodent Diseases", "Rodenticides"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "607c665be5f26046", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Cognitive Therapy", "Competency-Based Education", "Diagnosis", "Milk", "Parasitology", "X-Rays"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_6584762364ec", "question": {"candidates": ["New Mexico", "X-Rays", "Competency-Based Education", "Milk", "Rodent Diseases", "Rodent Control", "Rodenticides", "Marmota", "Diagnosis", "Parasitology", "Cognitive Therapy", "Plague"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"607c665be5f26046.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "607c665be5f26046.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"cognitive therapy": "mesh:Cognitive Therapy", "competency-based education": "mesh:Competency-Based Education", "diagnosis": "mesh:Diagnosis", "marmota": "mesh:Marmota", "milk": "mesh:Milk", "new mexico": "mesh:New Mexico", "parasitology": "mesh:Parasitology", "plague": "mesh:Plague", "rodent control": "mesh:Rodent Control", "rodent diseases": "mesh:Rodent Diseases", "rodenticides": "mesh:Rodenticides", "x-rays": "mesh:X-Rays"}, "unit": "607c665be5f26046"}
+{"answer": ["Maternal Health Services", "Patient Safety", "Social Justice", "United Kingdom", "Women's Health"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "59436ddfe3fe81b1", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Consensus", "HIV Infections", "Malaria", "Scoping Reviews As Topic", "Veterinary Medicine"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_48e288ade249", "question": {"candidates": ["Consensus", "Scoping Reviews As Topic", "Social Justice", "Malaria", "Veterinary Medicine", "United Kingdom", "Patient Safety", "Women's Health", "HIV Infections", "Maternal Health Services"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"59436ddfe3fe81b1.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "59436ddfe3fe81b1.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"consensus": "mesh:Consensus", "hiv infections": "mesh:HIV Infections", "malaria": "mesh:Malaria", "maternal health services": "mesh:Maternal Health Services", "patient safety": "mesh:Patient Safety", "scoping reviews as topic": "mesh:Scoping Reviews As Topic", "social justice": "mesh:Social Justice", "united kingdom": "mesh:United Kingdom", "veterinary medicine": "mesh:Veterinary Medicine", "women's health": "mesh:Women's Health"}, "unit": "59436ddfe3fe81b1"}
+{"answer": ["Measles", "Measles virus", "Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "04954d657cc4a6c9", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["India", "Population Surveillance", "San Francisco"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_db89b8413426", "question": {"candidates": ["Measles", "San Francisco", "India", "Measles virus", "Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine", "Population Surveillance"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"04954d657cc4a6c9.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "04954d657cc4a6c9.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"india": "mesh:India", "measles": "mesh:Measles", "measles virus": "mesh:Measles virus", "measles-mumps-rubella vaccine": "mesh:Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine", "population surveillance": "mesh:Population Surveillance", "san francisco": "mesh:San Francisco"}, "unit": "04954d657cc4a6c9"}
+{"answer": ["Mental Disorders", "Mental Health Services", "Psychiatry", "Psychotherapy"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "60d5b5767f00a709", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Diabetic Foot", "Neoplasms", "Papillomavirus Vaccines", "Primary Care Nursing"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_b8c01b431eec", "question": {"candidates": ["Mental Disorders", "Psychotherapy", "Mental Health Services", "Papillomavirus Vaccines", "Psychiatry", "Neoplasms", "Primary Care Nursing", "Diabetic Foot"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"60d5b5767f00a709.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "60d5b5767f00a709.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"diabetic foot": "mesh:Diabetic Foot", "mental disorders": "mesh:Mental Disorders", "mental health services": "mesh:Mental Health Services", "neoplasms": "mesh:Neoplasms", "papillomavirus vaccines": "mesh:Papillomavirus Vaccines", "primary care nursing": "mesh:Primary Care Nursing", "psychiatry": "mesh:Psychiatry", "psychotherapy": "mesh:Psychotherapy"}, "unit": "60d5b5767f00a709"}
+{"answer": ["Methicillin Resistance", "Prisoners", "Prisons", "Staphylococcus aureus"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "67638228ca614a3d", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Dysentery, Amebic", "Oregon", "Plague", "Smallpox"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_5cb5f5c0a8fe", "question": {"candidates": ["Oregon", "Dysentery, Amebic", "Smallpox", "Prisons", "Plague", "Staphylococcus aureus", "Prisoners", "Methicillin Resistance"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"67638228ca614a3d.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "67638228ca614a3d.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"dysentery, amebic": "mesh:Dysentery, Amebic", "methicillin resistance": "mesh:Methicillin Resistance", "oregon": "mesh:Oregon", "plague": "mesh:Plague", "prisoners": "mesh:Prisoners", "prisons": "mesh:Prisons", "smallpox": "mesh:Smallpox", "staphylococcus aureus": "mesh:Staphylococcus aureus"}, "unit": "67638228ca614a3d"}
+{"answer": ["Mobility Limitation", "Sociodemographic Factors", "Socioeconomic Disparities in Health", "Socioeconomic Factors"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "d36fdde681451d57", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Caribbean Region", "China", "Mental Disorders", "Psychiatry"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_afcd9aa13e77", "question": {"candidates": ["Mental Disorders", "Socioeconomic Disparities in Health", "Mobility Limitation", "China", "Caribbean Region", "Sociodemographic Factors", "Psychiatry", "Socioeconomic Factors"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"d36fdde681451d57.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "d36fdde681451d57.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"caribbean region": "mesh:Caribbean Region", "china": "mesh:China", "mental disorders": "mesh:Mental Disorders", "mobility limitation": "mesh:Mobility Limitation", "psychiatry": "mesh:Psychiatry", "sociodemographic factors": "mesh:Sociodemographic Factors", "socioeconomic disparities in health": "mesh:Socioeconomic Disparities in Health", "socioeconomic factors": "mesh:Socioeconomic Factors"}, "unit": "d36fdde681451d57"}
+{"answer": ["Neoplasms", "Nurse's Role", "Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "cb4bf71103c238bd", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["China", "Delphi Technique", "Greece"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_e5d7ae55f20e", "question": {"candidates": ["Nurse's Role", "Greece", "China", "Neoplasms", "Delphi Technique", "Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"cb4bf71103c238bd.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "cb4bf71103c238bd.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"china": "mesh:China", "delphi technique": "mesh:Delphi Technique", "greece": "mesh:Greece", "neoplasms": "mesh:Neoplasms", "nurse's role": "mesh:Nurse's Role", "sexual dysfunction, physiological": "mesh:Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological"}, "unit": "cb4bf71103c238bd"}
+{"answer": ["Pakistan", "Poliomyelitis", "Poliovirus", "Poliovirus Vaccines", "Postpoliomyelitis Syndrome"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "27636f2e4cf4d17c", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Accidents, Occupational", "Clinical Laboratory Techniques", "Library Technical Services", "Pest Control, Biological", "Water-Electrolyte Balance"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_6b6594860343", "question": {"candidates": ["Poliovirus", "Poliovirus Vaccines", "Postpoliomyelitis Syndrome", "Library Technical Services", "Accidents, Occupational", "Pakistan", "Poliomyelitis", "Pest Control, Biological", "Clinical Laboratory Techniques", "Water-Electrolyte Balance"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"27636f2e4cf4d17c.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "27636f2e4cf4d17c.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"accidents, occupational": "mesh:Accidents, Occupational", "clinical laboratory techniques": "mesh:Clinical Laboratory Techniques", "library technical services": "mesh:Library Technical Services", "pakistan": "mesh:Pakistan", "pest control, biological": "mesh:Pest Control, Biological", "poliomyelitis": "mesh:Poliomyelitis", "poliovirus": "mesh:Poliovirus", "poliovirus vaccines": "mesh:Poliovirus Vaccines", "postpoliomyelitis syndrome": "mesh:Postpoliomyelitis Syndrome", "water-electrolyte balance": "mesh:Water-Electrolyte Balance"}, "unit": "27636f2e4cf4d17c"}
+{"answer": ["Parkinson Disease", "Scoping Reviews As Topic", "Self-Management"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "7e2a04060b45f15a", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Anxiety", "Cetylpyridinium", "Medical Oncology"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_602647a43e44", "question": {"candidates": ["Anxiety", "Medical Oncology", "Scoping Reviews As Topic", "Self-Management", "Parkinson Disease", "Cetylpyridinium"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"7e2a04060b45f15a.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "7e2a04060b45f15a.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"anxiety": "mesh:Anxiety", "cetylpyridinium": "mesh:Cetylpyridinium", "medical oncology": "mesh:Medical Oncology", "parkinson disease": "mesh:Parkinson Disease", "scoping reviews as topic": "mesh:Scoping Reviews As Topic", "self-management": "mesh:Self-Management"}, "unit": "7e2a04060b45f15a"}
+{"answer": ["Pestivirus", "Pestivirus Infections"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "4714bd0895c3b9b7", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Brazil", "Universal Precautions"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_faa5735e773c", "question": {"candidates": ["Pestivirus Infections", "Pestivirus", "Brazil", "Universal Precautions"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"4714bd0895c3b9b7.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "4714bd0895c3b9b7.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"brazil": "mesh:Brazil", "pestivirus": "mesh:Pestivirus", "pestivirus infections": "mesh:Pestivirus Infections", "universal precautions": "mesh:Universal Precautions"}, "unit": "4714bd0895c3b9b7"}
+{"answer": ["Pets", "Veterinary Medicine"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "00482a5361c368ed", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["COVID-19", "Diabetes Mellitus"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_18c6d4973c85", "question": {"candidates": ["Pets", "Veterinary Medicine", "Diabetes Mellitus", "COVID-19"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"00482a5361c368ed.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "00482a5361c368ed.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"covid-19": "mesh:COVID-19", "diabetes mellitus": "mesh:Diabetes Mellitus", "pets": "mesh:Pets", "veterinary medicine": "mesh:Veterinary Medicine"}, "unit": "00482a5361c368ed"}
+{"answer": ["Pharmaceutical Services", "Review Literature as Topic"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "b7e2bdce74586a91", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Abortion, Induced", "Head and Neck Neoplasms"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_c3830f4e5756", "question": {"candidates": ["Abortion, Induced", "Pharmaceutical Services", "Head and Neck Neoplasms", "Review Literature as Topic"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"b7e2bdce74586a91.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "b7e2bdce74586a91.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"abortion, induced": "mesh:Abortion, Induced", "head and neck neoplasms": "mesh:Head and Neck Neoplasms", "pharmaceutical services": "mesh:Pharmaceutical Services", "review literature as topic": "mesh:Review Literature as Topic"}, "unit": "b7e2bdce74586a91"}
+{"answer": ["Pipidae", "Salmonella Infections", "Salmonella typhimurium"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "916922c59a33f38e", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Flowmeters", "Veterinarians", "Water Pollutants"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_fa0c14f96bd8", "question": {"candidates": ["Flowmeters", "Veterinarians", "Salmonella typhimurium", "Water Pollutants", "Pipidae", "Salmonella Infections"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"916922c59a33f38e.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "916922c59a33f38e.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"flowmeters": "mesh:Flowmeters", "pipidae": "mesh:Pipidae", "salmonella infections": "mesh:Salmonella Infections", "salmonella typhimurium": "mesh:Salmonella typhimurium", "veterinarians": "mesh:Veterinarians", "water pollutants": "mesh:Water Pollutants"}, "unit": "916922c59a33f38e"}
+{"answer": ["Plague", "San Francisco"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "695df8bf098646ba", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Smallpox Vaccine", "Wasp Venoms"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_4494b2f2a0e5", "question": {"candidates": ["Plague", "Smallpox Vaccine", "Wasp Venoms", "San Francisco"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"695df8bf098646ba.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "695df8bf098646ba.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"plague": "mesh:Plague", "san francisco": "mesh:San Francisco", "smallpox vaccine": "mesh:Smallpox Vaccine", "wasp venoms": "mesh:Wasp Venoms"}, "unit": "695df8bf098646ba"}
+{"answer": ["Pregnancy Complications, Infectious", "Syphilis", "Terminology as Topic"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "58fc697074c38928", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Evidence Gaps", "Maternal Health", "Rural Population"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_5d0981ff7881", "question": {"candidates": ["Rural Population", "Pregnancy Complications, Infectious", "Terminology as Topic", "Syphilis", "Maternal Health", "Evidence Gaps"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"58fc697074c38928.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "58fc697074c38928.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"evidence gaps": "mesh:Evidence Gaps", "maternal health": "mesh:Maternal Health", "pregnancy complications, infectious": "mesh:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious", "rural population": "mesh:Rural Population", "syphilis": "mesh:Syphilis", "terminology as topic": "mesh:Terminology as Topic"}, "unit": "58fc697074c38928"}
+{"answer": ["Rift Valley Fever", "Rift Valley fever virus"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "155b37aa4a39e974", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Oregon", "Rodenticides"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_d4f31b1e4755", "question": {"candidates": ["Rodenticides", "Oregon", "Rift Valley Fever", "Rift Valley fever virus"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"155b37aa4a39e974.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "155b37aa4a39e974.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"oregon": "mesh:Oregon", "rift valley fever": "mesh:Rift Valley Fever", "rift valley fever virus": "mesh:Rift Valley fever virus", "rodenticides": "mesh:Rodenticides"}, "unit": "155b37aa4a39e974"}
+{"answer": ["Rotavirus", "Rotavirus Infections", "Rotavirus Vaccines"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "72ee2c8e2f5e0866", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Guinea", "Nigeria", "Refugees"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_31c4683aafb9", "question": {"candidates": ["Refugees", "Rotavirus Infections", "Rotavirus Vaccines", "Guinea", "Nigeria", "Rotavirus"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"72ee2c8e2f5e0866.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "72ee2c8e2f5e0866.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"guinea": "mesh:Guinea", "nigeria": "mesh:Nigeria", "refugees": "mesh:Refugees", "rotavirus": "mesh:Rotavirus", "rotavirus infections": "mesh:Rotavirus Infections", "rotavirus vaccines": "mesh:Rotavirus Vaccines"}, "unit": "72ee2c8e2f5e0866"}
+{"answer": ["Smallpox", "Smallpox Vaccine", "Wales"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "2bbe82c9668294ea", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Diagnostic Equipment", "Microscopy, Electron, Scanning", "Photomicrography"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_cef911489b79", "question": {"candidates": ["Microscopy, Electron, Scanning", "Photomicrography", "Diagnostic Equipment", "Smallpox Vaccine", "Wales", "Smallpox"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"2bbe82c9668294ea.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "2bbe82c9668294ea.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"diagnostic equipment": "mesh:Diagnostic Equipment", "microscopy, electron, scanning": "mesh:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning", "photomicrography": "mesh:Photomicrography", "smallpox": "mesh:Smallpox", "smallpox vaccine": "mesh:Smallpox Vaccine", "wales": "mesh:Wales"}, "unit": "2bbe82c9668294ea"}
+{"answer": ["Smallpox", "Wales"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "2f63155c03db5a5d", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Blood Glucose", "National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_7f04bced5463", "question": {"candidates": ["Blood Glucose", "Wales", "Smallpox", "National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"2f63155c03db5a5d.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "2f63155c03db5a5d.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"blood glucose": "mesh:Blood Glucose", "national institute for occupational safety and health": "mesh:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health", "smallpox": "mesh:Smallpox", "wales": "mesh:Wales"}, "unit": "2f63155c03db5a5d"}
+{"answer": ["Strongyloides stercoralis", "Strongyloidiasis"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "d3bc8ae39b8835a3", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Diagnosis", "Skin"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_c2dd39d5fceb", "question": {"candidates": ["Strongyloidiasis", "Skin", "Strongyloides stercoralis", "Diagnosis"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"d3bc8ae39b8835a3.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "d3bc8ae39b8835a3.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"diagnosis": "mesh:Diagnosis", "skin": "mesh:Skin", "strongyloides stercoralis": "mesh:Strongyloides stercoralis", "strongyloidiasis": "mesh:Strongyloidiasis"}, "unit": "d3bc8ae39b8835a3"}
+{"answer": ["Tinea Capitis", "Tinea Pedis"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "298635c92be0bcd3", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Africa, Western", "Family Planning Services"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_8d01c1b9164f", "question": {"candidates": ["Africa, Western", "Tinea Capitis", "Family Planning Services", "Tinea Pedis"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"298635c92be0bcd3.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "298635c92be0bcd3.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"africa, western": "mesh:Africa, Western", "family planning services": "mesh:Family Planning Services", "tinea capitis": "mesh:Tinea Capitis", "tinea pedis": "mesh:Tinea Pedis"}, "unit": "298635c92be0bcd3"}
+{"answer": ["Wasp Venoms", "Wasps"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "ddbcba6557a38408", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Laboratories", "Smallpox"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_4f55b6bb9462", "question": {"candidates": ["Wasp Venoms", "Laboratories", "Smallpox", "Wasps"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"ddbcba6557a38408.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "ddbcba6557a38408.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"laboratories": "mesh:Laboratories", "smallpox": "mesh:Smallpox", "wasp venoms": "mesh:Wasp Venoms", "wasps": "mesh:Wasps"}, "unit": "ddbcba6557a38408"}
+{"answer": ["Zygomycosis", "Zygomycota"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "healthcare", "dossier": "f9bbbb80dc9a8848", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Maximum Allowable Concentration", "Zimbabwe"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_healthcare_92febc54a08a", "question": {"candidates": ["Zygomycota", "Zygomycosis", "Maximum Allowable Concentration", "Zimbabwe"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"f9bbbb80dc9a8848.jpg\", and which ones are not present in it?", "topic": "f9bbbb80dc9a8848.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"maximum allowable concentration": "mesh:Maximum Allowable Concentration", "zimbabwe": "mesh:Zimbabwe", "zygomycosis": "mesh:Zygomycosis", "zygomycota": "mesh:Zygomycota"}, "unit": "f9bbbb80dc9a8848"}
diff --git a/release/gold/T6/psychology.jsonl b/release/gold/T6/psychology.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..20faa5939bab396933197c7af1f94bf507ad0529
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/gold/T6/psychology.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+{"answer": ["Adam", "Eve"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "a80bb4bd226f38c5", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Carl Reinhardt", "Joseph Babinski"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_819d2c8cab50", "question": {"candidates": ["Adam", "Eve", "Carl Reinhardt", "Joseph Babinski"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lc_names\" labels are shown in the image \"a80bb4bd226f38c5.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "a80bb4bd226f38c5.jpg", "vocabulary": "lc_names"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"adam": "lc_names:n82025265", "carl reinhardt": "lc_names:nr93005319", "eve": "lc_names:n82025264", "joseph babinski": "lc_names:nr2001018228"}, "unit": "a80bb4bd226f38c5"}
+{"answer": ["Adolescent Behavior", "Nurses", "Risk-Taking", "Scoping Reviews As Topic", "Violence"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "34b2c2eb86d2caa7", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Africa South of the Sahara", "Arrhythmias, Cardiac", "Corpus Striatum", "Models, Cardiovascular", "Pituitary-Adrenal System"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_17fd9ef0f643", "question": {"candidates": ["Pituitary-Adrenal System", "Africa South of the Sahara", "Models, Cardiovascular", "Nurses", "Corpus Striatum", "Violence", "Adolescent Behavior", "Risk-Taking", "Scoping Reviews As Topic", "Arrhythmias, Cardiac"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"34b2c2eb86d2caa7.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "34b2c2eb86d2caa7.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"adolescent behavior": "mesh:Adolescent Behavior", "africa south of the sahara": "mesh:Africa South of the Sahara", "arrhythmias, cardiac": "mesh:Arrhythmias, Cardiac", "corpus striatum": "mesh:Corpus Striatum", "models, cardiovascular": "mesh:Models, Cardiovascular", "nurses": "mesh:Nurses", "pituitary-adrenal system": "mesh:Pituitary-Adrenal System", "risk-taking": "mesh:Risk-Taking", "scoping reviews as topic": "mesh:Scoping Reviews As Topic", "violence": "mesh:Violence"}, "unit": "34b2c2eb86d2caa7"}
+{"answer": ["African People", "Headgear", "Lip"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "0c503c5b8ed895ed", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Determination (Personality trait)", "Disease", "Wheelbarrows"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_d5e1bb532e39", "question": {"candidates": ["Wheelbarrows", "African People", "Disease", "Determination (Personality trait)", "Lip", "Headgear"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"0c503c5b8ed895ed.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "0c503c5b8ed895ed.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"african people": "lcsh:sh85001757", "determination (personality trait)": "lcsh:sh91000350", "disease": "lcsh:sh85038411", "headgear": "lcsh:sh85059483", "lip": "lcsh:sh85077320", "wheelbarrows": "lcsh:sh91000863"}, "unit": "0c503c5b8ed895ed"}
+{"answer": ["Aging", "Cognition", "Executive Function", "Memory", "Sedentary Behavior"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "612ce4a6986d2c9d", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Brain", "Disease Models, Animal", "Finite Element Analysis", "Growth Plate", "Imaging, Three-Dimensional"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_905fd09bcb93", "question": {"candidates": ["Disease Models, Animal", "Finite Element Analysis", "Memory", "Imaging, Three-Dimensional", "Cognition", "Executive Function", "Sedentary Behavior", "Growth Plate", "Aging", "Brain"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"612ce4a6986d2c9d.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "612ce4a6986d2c9d.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"aging": "mesh:Aging", "brain": "mesh:Brain", "cognition": "mesh:Cognition", "disease models, animal": "mesh:Disease Models, Animal", "executive function": "mesh:Executive Function", "finite element analysis": "mesh:Finite Element Analysis", "growth plate": "mesh:Growth Plate", "imaging, three-dimensional": "mesh:Imaging, Three-Dimensional", "memory": "mesh:Memory", "sedentary behavior": "mesh:Sedentary Behavior"}, "unit": "612ce4a6986d2c9d"}
+{"answer": ["Agitation (Psychology)", "Applied ethics", "Theological virtues"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "2b879e4a90fbb442", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Brain - Anatomy", "Lectures and lecturing", "Proportion (Anthropometry)"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_e3140a84479a", "question": {"candidates": ["Lectures and lecturing", "Applied ethics", "Proportion (Anthropometry)", "Agitation (Psychology)", "Brain - Anatomy", "Theological virtues"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"2b879e4a90fbb442.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "2b879e4a90fbb442.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"agitation (psychology)": "lcsh:sh00002345", "applied ethics": "lcsh:sh85030802", "brain - anatomy": "lcsh:sh85016323", "lectures and lecturing": "lcsh:sh85075676", "proportion (anthropometry)": "lcsh:sh85107538", "theological virtues": "lcsh:sh85134663"}, "unit": "2b879e4a90fbb442"}
+{"answer": ["Almshouses", "Fires", "Mentally ill women"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "4f44bf6b7422c3d3", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Audiences", "Lectures and lecturing", "Weight (Physics)"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_5c7d05609e00", "question": {"candidates": ["Audiences", "Mentally ill women", "Weight (Physics)", "Fires", "Almshouses", "Lectures and lecturing"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are shown in the image \"4f44bf6b7422c3d3.jpg\" and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "4f44bf6b7422c3d3.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"almshouses": "lcsh:sh85003781", "audiences": "lcsh:sh85009454", "fires": "lcsh:sh85048449", "lectures and lecturing": "lcsh:sh85075676", "mentally ill women": "lcsh:sh92001695", "weight (physics)": "lcsh:sh85145953"}, "unit": "4f44bf6b7422c3d3"}
+{"answer": ["Altars", "Funeral rites and ceremonies", "Incense", "Opium", "Prayers for the dead", "Smoking", "Smoking Pipes", "Tea"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "535eac4a774dc702", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Artists' tools", "Bandages", "Books", "Ethiopians", "Hearing", "Hour-glasses", "Psychiatric hospital patients - Restraint", "Shoe shiners"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_68d0057e20c3", "question": {"candidates": ["Ethiopians", "Bandages", "Shoe shiners", "Hearing", "Smoking", "Hour-glasses", "Smoking Pipes", "Prayers for the dead", "Incense", "Artists' tools", "Opium", "Tea", "Books", "Psychiatric hospital patients - Restraint", "Funeral rites and ceremonies", "Altars"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"535eac4a774dc702.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "535eac4a774dc702.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"altars": "lcsh:sh85003895", "artists' tools": "lcsh:sh85008321", "bandages": "lcsh:sh85011479", "books": "lcsh:sh85015738", "ethiopians": "lcsh:sh85045157", "funeral rites and ceremonies": "lcsh:sh85052380", "hearing": "lcsh:sh85059612", "hour-glasses": "lcsh:sh85062528", "incense": "lcsh:sh85064733", "opium": "lcsh:sh85095095", "prayers for the dead": "lcsh:sh85106146", "psychiatric hospital patients - restraint": "lcsh:sh85108353", "shoe shiners": "lcsh:sh85121729", "smoking": "lcsh:sh85123693", "smoking pipes": "lcsh:sh85135743", "tea": "lcsh:sh85132924"}, "unit": "535eac4a774dc702"}
+{"answer": ["Alternative medicine", "Arsenic", "Hearses (Vehicles)", "Homeopathy", "Hydrocyanic acid", "Mercury", "Mesmerism", "Morphine", "Opium", "Patriotism", "Physicians - Malpractice", "Physicians - Salaries, etc.", "Profit", "Science", "Skeleton", "Strychnine"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "02aef82cf3877873", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Child", "Christianity", "Church buildings", "Dangerously mentally ill", "Devil", "Excision (Surgery)", "Gardeners", "Gas light fixtures", "Guilt", "Horses", "Lute", "Music", "Operations, Surgical", "Senses and sensation", "Sick", "Women patients"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_057f2de57e85", "question": {"candidates": ["Physicians - Malpractice", "Morphine", "Skeleton", "Church buildings", "Strychnine", "Physicians - Salaries, etc.", "Hearses (Vehicles)", "Hydrocyanic acid", "Senses and sensation", "Mercury", "Sick", "Guilt", "Christianity", "Homeopathy", "Opium", "Devil", "Women patients", "Patriotism", "Mesmerism", "Science", "Child", "Dangerously mentally ill", "Profit", "Alternative medicine", "Gas light fixtures", "Arsenic", "Operations, Surgical", "Horses", "Lute", "Excision (Surgery)", "Music", "Gardeners"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"02aef82cf3877873.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "02aef82cf3877873.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"alternative medicine": "lcsh:sh85134721", "arsenic": "lcsh:sh85007449", "child": "lcsh:sh85023418", "christianity": "lcsh:sh85025219", "church buildings": "lcsh:sh85025854", "dangerously mentally ill": "lcsh:sh00003167", "devil": "lcsh:sh85037376", "excision (surgery)": "lcsh:sh85046241", "gardeners": "lcsh:sh85053087", "gas light fixtures": "lcsh:sh85053313", "guilt": "lcsh:sh85057753", "hearses (vehicles)": "lcsh:sh85059630", "homeopathy": "lcsh:sh85061725", "horses": "lcsh:sh85062160", "hydrocyanic acid": "lcsh:sh85063385", "lute": "lcsh:sh85078975", "mercury": "lcsh:sh85083794", "mesmerism": "lcsh:sh85083929", "morphine": "lcsh:sh85087342", "music": "lcsh:sh85088762", "operations, surgical": "lcsh:sh85095018", "opium": "lcsh:sh85095095", "patriotism": "lcsh:sh85098765", "physicians - malpractice": "lcsh:sh85101618", "physicians - salaries, etc": "lcsh:sh85101623", "profit": "lcsh:sh85107281", "science": "lcsh:sh85118553", "senses and sensation": "lcsh:sh85120047", "sick": "lcsh:sh85122266", "skeleton": "lcsh:sh85123119", "strychnine": "lcsh:sh85129226", "women patients": "lcsh:sh88006245"}, "unit": "02aef82cf3877873"}
+{"answer": ["Animals - Symbolic aspects", "Christianity", "Deer", "Fall of man", "Gardens", "God", "God - Wrath", "Hearing", "Lute", "Music", "Senses and sensation", "Voice"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "a80bb4bd226f38c5", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Children - Diseases", "Executions and executioners", "Farmers", "Hate", "Hypochondriasis", "Ideals (Aesthetics)", "Nature and nurture", "Obesity", "Physician and patient", "Physiology, Comparative", "Psychology - History", "Spatial behavior"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_3f6c417eeea1", "question": {"candidates": ["Ideals (Aesthetics)", "God - Wrath", "Hearing", "Obesity", "God", "Physician and patient", "Deer", "Voice", "Children - Diseases", "Spatial behavior", "Lute", "Psychology - History", "Hate", "Christianity", "Senses and sensation", "Hypochondriasis", "Animals - Symbolic aspects", "Executions and executioners", "Farmers", "Fall of man", "Music", "Gardens", "Nature and nurture", "Physiology, Comparative"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"a80bb4bd226f38c5.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "a80bb4bd226f38c5.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"animals - symbolic aspects": "lcsh:sh89004021", "children - diseases": "lcsh:sh85023434", "christianity": "lcsh:sh85025219", "deer": "lcsh:sh85036388", "executions and executioners": "lcsh:sh85046276", "fall of man": "lcsh:sh85046970", "farmers": "lcsh:sh85047270", "gardens": "lcsh:sh85053101", "god": "lcsh:sh85055517", "god - wrath": "lcsh:sh85055564", "hate": "lcsh:sh85059272", "hearing": "lcsh:sh85059612", "hypochondriasis": "lcsh:sh85063763", "ideals (aesthetics)": "lcsh:sh85064133", "lute": "lcsh:sh85078975", "music": "lcsh:sh85088762", "nature and nurture": "lcsh:sh85090282", "obesity": "lcsh:sh85093646", "physician and patient": "lcsh:sh85101608", "physiology, comparative": "lcsh:sh85101681", "psychology - history": "lcsh:sh2010106351", "senses and sensation": "lcsh:sh85120047", "spatial behavior": "lcsh:sh85126348", "voice": "lcsh:sh85144224"}, "unit": "a80bb4bd226f38c5"}
+{"answer": ["Anura", "Biology - History", "Metamorphosis, Biological", "Physiology, Comparative"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "08a67606fc6fe7c9", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Daughters", "Mentally ill", "Opium", "Strychnine"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_fe64cccbe5ef", "question": {"candidates": ["Strychnine", "Biology - History", "Daughters", "Anura", "Opium", "Metamorphosis, Biological", "Mentally ill", "Physiology, Comparative"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"08a67606fc6fe7c9.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "08a67606fc6fe7c9.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"anura": "lcsh:sh85052057", "biology - history": "lcsh:sh2007102005", "daughters": "lcsh:sh85035899", "mentally ill": "lcsh:sh85083699", "metamorphosis, biological": "lcsh:sh85084271", "opium": "lcsh:sh85095095", "physiology, comparative": "lcsh:sh85101681", "strychnine": "lcsh:sh85129226"}, "unit": "08a67606fc6fe7c9"}
+{"answer": ["Anxiety Disorders", "Cognition", "Cognition Disorders", "Depression", "Depressive Disorder", "Piperidines"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "efee61d2f00a0361", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Dendritic Spines", "Epiphyses", "Machine Learning", "Magnetic Resonance Imaging", "Parenchymal Tissue", "Retrospective Studies"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_02bd8138f6c4", "question": {"candidates": ["Depressive Disorder", "Machine Learning", "Depression", "Anxiety Disorders", "Dendritic Spines", "Epiphyses", "Magnetic Resonance Imaging", "Cognition", "Cognition Disorders", "Parenchymal Tissue", "Piperidines", "Retrospective Studies"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"efee61d2f00a0361.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "efee61d2f00a0361.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"anxiety disorders": "mesh:Anxiety Disorders", "cognition": "mesh:Cognition", "cognition disorders": "mesh:Cognition Disorders", "dendritic spines": "mesh:Dendritic Spines", "depression": "mesh:Depression", "depressive disorder": "mesh:Depressive Disorder", "epiphyses": "mesh:Epiphyses", "machine learning": "mesh:Machine Learning", "magnetic resonance imaging": "mesh:Magnetic Resonance Imaging", "parenchymal tissue": "mesh:Parenchymal Tissue", "piperidines": "mesh:Piperidines", "retrospective studies": "mesh:Retrospective Studies"}, "unit": "efee61d2f00a0361"}
+{"answer": ["Anxiety", "Cats", "Crosses", "Nuns", "Nurses", "Patients", "Sick"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "b95b1918c08f2efc", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Desire", "Fall of man", "Gardens", "God", "God - Wrath", "Staffs (Sticks, canes, etc.)", "Suicide victims"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_9621ea96d36f", "question": {"candidates": ["Nuns", "Anxiety", "Crosses", "Suicide victims", "God", "Gardens", "Desire", "Nurses", "Patients", "Sick", "God - Wrath", "Fall of man", "Cats", "Staffs (Sticks, canes, etc.)"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"b95b1918c08f2efc.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "b95b1918c08f2efc.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"anxiety": "lcsh:sh85005835", "cats": "lcsh:sh85021262", "crosses": "lcsh:sh85034290", "desire": "lcsh:sh85037214", "fall of man": "lcsh:sh85046970", "gardens": "lcsh:sh85053101", "god": "lcsh:sh85055517", "god - wrath": "lcsh:sh85055564", "nuns": "lcsh:sh85093287", "nurses": "lcsh:sh85093349", "patients": "lcsh:sh85098709", "sick": "lcsh:sh85122266", "staffs (sticks, canes, etc.)": "lcsh:sh85127230", "suicide victims": "lcsh:sh85129750"}, "unit": "b95b1918c08f2efc"}
+{"answer": ["Anxiety", "Chairs", "Dental instruments and apparatus", "Patients"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "22b3ca76c70c8e40", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Domes", "Gesture", "Human behavior - Animal models", "Psychology"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_54c87f83ac65", "question": {"candidates": ["Human behavior - Animal models", "Patients", "Domes", "Gesture", "Chairs", "Psychology", "Dental instruments and apparatus", "Anxiety"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"22b3ca76c70c8e40.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "22b3ca76c70c8e40.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"anxiety": "lcsh:sh85005835", "chairs": "lcsh:sh85022351", "dental instruments and apparatus": "lcsh:sh85036898", "domes": "lcsh:sh85038905", "gesture": "lcsh:sh85054727", "human behavior - animal models": "lcsh:sh85062840", "patients": "lcsh:sh85098709", "psychology": "lcsh:sh85108459"}, "unit": "22b3ca76c70c8e40"}
+{"answer": ["Anxiety", "Determination (Personality trait)", "Thermopylae, Battle of, Greece, 480 B.C."], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "1bd102b5de276947", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Church buildings", "Human behavior", "Thermometers"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_847ba7e4aa96", "question": {"candidates": ["Determination (Personality trait)", "Thermopylae, Battle of, Greece, 480 B.C.", "Thermometers", "Church buildings", "Human behavior", "Anxiety"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"1bd102b5de276947.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "1bd102b5de276947.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"anxiety": "lcsh:sh85005835", "church buildings": "lcsh:sh85025854", "determination (personality trait)": "lcsh:sh91000350", "human behavior": "lcsh:sh85062839", "thermometers": "lcsh:sh85134802", "thermopylae, battle of, greece, 480 b.c": "lcsh:sh85134814"}, "unit": "1bd102b5de276947"}
+{"answer": ["Anxiety", "Interior architecture", "Physicians", "Pulse", "Syncope"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "6ab8f44d024f9cf8", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Muscles", "Musicians", "Neurophysiology", "Soldiers", "Temperament"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_bc5ec35814f4", "question": {"candidates": ["Musicians", "Anxiety", "Neurophysiology", "Temperament", "Soldiers", "Muscles", "Pulse", "Physicians", "Interior architecture", "Syncope"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"6ab8f44d024f9cf8.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "6ab8f44d024f9cf8.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"anxiety": "lcsh:sh85005835", "interior architecture": "lcsh:sh85067271", "muscles": "lcsh:sh85088687", "musicians": "lcsh:sh85089027", "neurophysiology": "lcsh:sh85091159", "physicians": "lcsh:sh85101610", "pulse": "lcsh:sh85109028", "soldiers": "lcsh:sh85124554", "syncope": "lcsh:sh85131622", "temperament": "lcsh:sh85133695"}, "unit": "6ab8f44d024f9cf8"}
+{"answer": ["Aphorisms and Proverbs as Topic", "Calculi", "Excision (Surgery)", "Head - Surgery", "Mentally ill", "Operations, Surgical", "Surgical Instruments", "Women patients"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "ec1e411fdcffe768", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Hate", "Lip", "Marriage law", "Piety", "Posture", "Skeleton", "Smoking", "Wife abuse - India"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_6addac5d7b9e", "question": {"candidates": ["Head - Surgery", "Surgical Instruments", "Posture", "Excision (Surgery)", "Marriage law", "Lip", "Hate", "Operations, Surgical", "Aphorisms and Proverbs as Topic", "Mentally ill", "Wife abuse - India", "Smoking", "Women patients", "Skeleton", "Calculi", "Piety"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"ec1e411fdcffe768.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "ec1e411fdcffe768.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"aphorisms and proverbs as topic": "lcsh:sh85107840", "calculi": "lcsh:sh85018800", "excision (surgery)": "lcsh:sh85046241", "hate": "lcsh:sh85059272", "head - surgery": "lcsh:sh85059476", "lip": "lcsh:sh85077320", "marriage law": "lcsh:sh85081508", "mentally ill": "lcsh:sh85083699", "operations, surgical": "lcsh:sh85095018", "piety": "lcsh:sh85102064", "posture": "lcsh:sh85105571", "skeleton": "lcsh:sh85123119", "smoking": "lcsh:sh85123693", "surgical instruments": "lcsh:sh85130799", "wife abuse - india": "lcsh:sh2010118536", "women patients": "lcsh:sh88006245"}, "unit": "ec1e411fdcffe768"}
+{"answer": ["Aphorisms and Proverbs as Topic", "Calculi", "Excision (Surgery)", "Head - Surgery", "Mentally ill", "Operations, Surgical", "Surgical Instruments"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "b8ae0dbf219e192f", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Families - Health and hygiene", "Mothers", "Nose", "Older women", "Reading", "Skeleton", "Workshops"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_490c6cb14a63", "question": {"candidates": ["Excision (Surgery)", "Mentally ill", "Head - Surgery", "Calculi", "Older women", "Workshops", "Nose", "Mothers", "Reading", "Operations, Surgical", "Surgical Instruments", "Skeleton", "Families - Health and hygiene", "Aphorisms and Proverbs as Topic"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"b8ae0dbf219e192f.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "b8ae0dbf219e192f.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"aphorisms and proverbs as topic": "lcsh:sh85107840", "calculi": "lcsh:sh85018800", "excision (surgery)": "lcsh:sh85046241", "families - health and hygiene": "lcsh:sh85047013", "head - surgery": "lcsh:sh85059476", "mentally ill": "lcsh:sh85083699", "mothers": "lcsh:sh85087526", "nose": "lcsh:sh85092748", "older women": "lcsh:sh85002160", "operations, surgical": "lcsh:sh85095018", "reading": "lcsh:sh85111662", "skeleton": "lcsh:sh85123119", "surgical instruments": "lcsh:sh85130799", "workshops": "lcsh:sh85148187"}, "unit": "b8ae0dbf219e192f"}
+{"answer": ["Aquatic vertebrae", "Bilateral", "CNS", "Green", "Left-right brain asymmetry", "Magenta", "Model organism", "Neural network", "Neuronal signalling", "Pink", "Purple"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "bfe1dbb90d12d1a9", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Connections", "Disease", "Emotions", "Illustration", "Migration", "Multi-coloured", "Sad", "Senses", "Support", "Understanding", "Vulnerable"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_d4a21d7bd33d", "question": {"candidates": ["Purple", "Disease", "CNS", "Support", "Sad", "Illustration", "Connections", "Left-right brain asymmetry", "Model organism", "Multi-coloured", "Neural network", "Magenta", "Understanding", "Green", "Aquatic vertebrae", "Emotions", "Neuronal signalling", "Senses", "Vulnerable", "Migration", "Bilateral", "Pink"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"wellcome_local_subject\" labels are depicted in the image \"bfe1dbb90d12d1a9.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "bfe1dbb90d12d1a9.jpg", "vocabulary": "wellcome_local_subject"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"aquatic vertebrae": "wellcome_local_subject:aquatic vertebrae", "bilateral": "wellcome_local_subject:bilateral", "cns": "wellcome_local_subject:cns", "connections": "wellcome_local_subject:connections", "disease": "wellcome_local_subject:disease", "emotions": "wellcome_local_subject:emotions", "green": "wellcome_local_subject:green", "illustration": "wellcome_local_subject:illustration", "left-right brain asymmetry": "wellcome_local_subject:left-right brain asymmetry", "magenta": "wellcome_local_subject:magenta", "migration": "wellcome_local_subject:migration", "model organism": "wellcome_local_subject:model organism", "multi-coloured": "wellcome_local_subject:multi-coloured", "neural network": "wellcome_local_subject:neural network", "neuronal signalling": "wellcome_local_subject:neuronal signalling", "pink": "wellcome_local_subject:pink", "purple": "wellcome_local_subject:purple", "sad": "wellcome_local_subject:sad", "senses": "wellcome_local_subject:senses", "support": "wellcome_local_subject:support", "understanding": "wellcome_local_subject:understanding", "vulnerable": "wellcome_local_subject:vulnerable"}, "unit": "bfe1dbb90d12d1a9"}
+{"answer": ["Architecture - England", "Psychiatry"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "2c5f17dafb22b6f3", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Books", "Gout"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_a8fb766f1d65", "question": {"candidates": ["Gout", "Psychiatry", "Books", "Architecture - England"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are shown in the image \"2c5f17dafb22b6f3.jpg\" and which are not represented?", "topic": "2c5f17dafb22b6f3.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"architecture - england": "lcsh:sh85006650", "books": "lcsh:sh85015738", "gout": "lcsh:sh85056029", "psychiatry": "lcsh:sh85108381"}, "unit": "2c5f17dafb22b6f3"}
+{"answer": ["Armies", "Discipline", "Germans", "Gesture", "Soldiers"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "53003dabba9db04c", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Altars", "Burial", "Morphine", "Smoking", "Tea"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_c40c17020a5d", "question": {"candidates": ["Armies", "Soldiers", "Altars", "Tea", "Morphine", "Germans", "Discipline", "Gesture", "Burial", "Smoking"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"53003dabba9db04c.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "53003dabba9db04c.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"altars": "lcsh:sh85003895", "armies": "lcsh:sh85007309", "burial": "lcsh:sh85018080", "discipline": "lcsh:sh85038329", "germans": "lcsh:sh85054461", "gesture": "lcsh:sh85054727", "morphine": "lcsh:sh85087342", "smoking": "lcsh:sh85123693", "soldiers": "lcsh:sh85124554", "tea": "lcsh:sh85132924"}, "unit": "53003dabba9db04c"}
+{"answer": ["Arrhythmias, Cardiac", "Computer Simulation", "Heart", "Models, Cardiovascular", "Tachycardia, Ventricular"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "c1f686ea0e5c7bd1", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Adolescent Behavior", "Nurses", "Risk-Taking", "SNARE Proteins", "Violence"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_fa7b899af01b", "question": {"candidates": ["Heart", "Computer Simulation", "Models, Cardiovascular", "Adolescent Behavior", "SNARE Proteins", "Tachycardia, Ventricular", "Arrhythmias, Cardiac", "Violence", "Nurses", "Risk-Taking"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"c1f686ea0e5c7bd1.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "c1f686ea0e5c7bd1.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"adolescent behavior": "mesh:Adolescent Behavior", "arrhythmias, cardiac": "mesh:Arrhythmias, Cardiac", "computer simulation": "mesh:Computer Simulation", "heart": "mesh:Heart", "models, cardiovascular": "mesh:Models, Cardiovascular", "nurses": "mesh:Nurses", "risk-taking": "mesh:Risk-Taking", "snare proteins": "mesh:SNARE Proteins", "tachycardia, ventricular": "mesh:Tachycardia, Ventricular", "violence": "mesh:Violence"}, "unit": "c1f686ea0e5c7bd1"}
+{"answer": ["Art, Greek", "Ideals (Aesthetics)", "Statues"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "e8f701230a06e665", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Beneficence", "Priests", "Smoking Pipes"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_86a085a0e749", "question": {"candidates": ["Ideals (Aesthetics)", "Smoking Pipes", "Statues", "Priests", "Beneficence", "Art, Greek"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are represented in the image \"e8f701230a06e665.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "e8f701230a06e665.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"art, greek": "lcsh:sh85007690", "beneficence": "lcsh:sh85022672", "ideals (aesthetics)": "lcsh:sh85064133", "priests": "lcsh:sh85106637", "smoking pipes": "lcsh:sh85135743", "statues": "lcsh:sh85127595"}, "unit": "e8f701230a06e665"}
+{"answer": ["Artists with disabilities", "Lions", "Mass Behavior", "Panic"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "80ce0e11d6bd7888", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Clinics", "Ear", "Fashion", "Mentally ill children"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_38cbd9b15f7d", "question": {"candidates": ["Mass Behavior", "Fashion", "Mentally ill children", "Ear", "Clinics", "Lions", "Artists with disabilities", "Panic"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"80ce0e11d6bd7888.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "80ce0e11d6bd7888.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"artists with disabilities": "lcsh:sh96000525", "clinics": "lcsh:sh85027070", "ear": "lcsh:sh85040383", "fashion": "lcsh:sh85047377", "lions": "lcsh:sh85077276", "mass behavior": "lcsh:sh85028094", "mentally ill children": "lcsh:sh85083713", "panic": "lcsh:sh85097438"}, "unit": "80ce0e11d6bd7888"}
+{"answer": ["Artists' models", "Artists' tools", "Astronomy", "Books", "Easels", "Geometry", "Globes", "Hour-glasses", "Learning and scholarship", "Urns"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "3e665e30361aae3f", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Deer", "Desire", "Fans", "Head - Surgery", "Intelligence", "Philosophy", "Psychology - History", "Regret", "Surgical Instruments", "Voice"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_2d852da53e52", "question": {"candidates": ["Artists' models", "Regret", "Learning and scholarship", "Books", "Easels", "Head - Surgery", "Psychology - History", "Intelligence", "Astronomy", "Geometry", "Globes", "Desire", "Deer", "Surgical Instruments", "Hour-glasses", "Philosophy", "Fans", "Urns", "Voice", "Artists' tools"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"3e665e30361aae3f.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "3e665e30361aae3f.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"artists' models": "lcsh:sh85086427", "artists' tools": "lcsh:sh85008321", "astronomy": "lcsh:sh85009003", "books": "lcsh:sh85015738", "deer": "lcsh:sh85036388", "desire": "lcsh:sh85037214", "easels": "lcsh:sh85040513", "fans": "lcsh:sh85047104", "geometry": "lcsh:sh85054133", "globes": "lcsh:sh85055294", "head - surgery": "lcsh:sh85059476", "hour-glasses": "lcsh:sh85062528", "intelligence": "lcsh:sh85067157", "learning and scholarship": "lcsh:sh85075529", "philosophy": "lcsh:sh85100849", "psychology - history": "lcsh:sh2010106351", "regret": "lcsh:sh90002643", "surgical instruments": "lcsh:sh85130799", "urns": "lcsh:sh85141432", "voice": "lcsh:sh85144224"}, "unit": "3e665e30361aae3f"}
+{"answer": ["Artists' preparatory studies", "Blessing and cursing", "Drawing books", "Foot", "Gesture", "Hand", "Posture in worship", "Prayer"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "1ca879c117b07970", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Busts", "Costume - France", "Dolls", "Harp", "Litters", "Patients", "Rain", "Urns"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_8a966b859238", "question": {"candidates": ["Blessing and cursing", "Dolls", "Drawing books", "Busts", "Artists' preparatory studies", "Posture in worship", "Prayer", "Rain", "Harp", "Litters", "Gesture", "Foot", "Hand", "Urns", "Costume - France", "Patients"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"1ca879c117b07970.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "1ca879c117b07970.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"artists' preparatory studies": "lcsh:sh85008314", "blessing and cursing": "lcsh:sh85014846", "busts": "lcsh:sh85018348", "costume - france": "lcsh:sh88003689", "dolls": "lcsh:sh85038873", "drawing books": "lcsh:sh85039473", "foot": "lcsh:sh85050352", "gesture": "lcsh:sh85054727", "hand": "lcsh:sh85058615", "harp": "lcsh:sh85058984", "litters": "lcsh:sh85077674", "patients": "lcsh:sh85098709", "posture in worship": "lcsh:sh85105576", "prayer": "lcsh:sh85106113", "rain": "lcsh:sh85111188", "urns": "lcsh:sh85141432"}, "unit": "1ca879c117b07970"}
+{"answer": ["Artists' preparatory studies", "Cats"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "656cd62344ecddf5", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Calculi", "Mentally ill"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_91cf5b38078f", "question": {"candidates": ["Cats", "Calculi", "Mentally ill", "Artists' preparatory studies"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"656cd62344ecddf5.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "656cd62344ecddf5.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"artists' preparatory studies": "lcsh:sh85008314", "calculi": "lcsh:sh85018800", "cats": "lcsh:sh85021262", "mentally ill": "lcsh:sh85083699"}, "unit": "656cd62344ecddf5"}
+{"answer": ["Artists' preparatory studies", "Drawing books", "Ear"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "fbb2eb7ff3b894c7", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Mentally ill women", "Patients", "Psychiatry"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_a7be538443cf", "question": {"candidates": ["Ear", "Patients", "Psychiatry", "Artists' preparatory studies", "Drawing books", "Mentally ill women"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"fbb2eb7ff3b894c7.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "fbb2eb7ff3b894c7.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"artists' preparatory studies": "lcsh:sh85008314", "drawing books": "lcsh:sh85039473", "ear": "lcsh:sh85040383", "mentally ill women": "lcsh:sh92001695", "patients": "lcsh:sh85098709", "psychiatry": "lcsh:sh85108381"}, "unit": "fbb2eb7ff3b894c7"}
+{"answer": ["Artwork", "Blue", "Cancer", "Concept", "Death", "Despair", "Disease", "Emotions", "Feel", "Illustration", "Painting", "Sad", "Senses", "Sitting Position", "Support", "Sympathy", "Thinking", "Understanding", "Vulnerable", "Yellow"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "8a1b93f7f8bde665", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["17th century", "Aquatic vertebrae", "Austria", "Carlisle (Cumbria, England)", "Chauffron.", "FACETS", "Fruit fly", "Hensworth.", "History, 19th Century", "Hospitals, Psychiatric", "Left-right brain asymmetry", "Magenta", "Model organism", "Netherlands", "OMATIDIA", "Painting, Kalighat", "Patients", "Phrenology", "Wesley, Mehetable.", "Wesley, Susannah."], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_5fdd5c39a765", "question": {"candidates": ["Wesley, Mehetable.", "Magenta", "Wesley, Susannah.", "Patients", "Hospitals, Psychiatric", "Blue", "Sympathy", "Hensworth.", "Vulnerable", "Phrenology", "Illustration", "Emotions", "Sad", "History, 19th Century", "Support", "Painting, Kalighat", "Left-right brain asymmetry", "Concept", "Disease", "Sitting Position", "Model organism", "Despair", "Senses", "Thinking", "FACETS", "Artwork", "Yellow", "Painting", "Carlisle (Cumbria, England)", "17th century", "OMATIDIA", "Aquatic vertebrae", "Chauffron.", "Cancer", "Death", "Feel", "Austria", "Fruit fly", "Understanding", "Netherlands"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"wellcome_local_subject\" labels are covered by the image \"8a1b93f7f8bde665.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "8a1b93f7f8bde665.jpg", "vocabulary": "wellcome_local_subject"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"17th century": "wellcome_local_subject:17th century", "aquatic vertebrae": "wellcome_local_subject:aquatic vertebrae", "artwork": "wellcome_local_subject:artwork", "austria": "wellcome_local_subject:austria", "blue": "wellcome_local_subject:blue", "cancer": "wellcome_local_subject:cancer", "carlisle (cumbria, england)": "wellcome_local_subject:carlisle (cumbria, england)", "chauffron": "wellcome_local_subject:chauffron", "concept": "wellcome_local_subject:concept", "death": "wellcome_local_subject:death", "despair": "wellcome_local_subject:despair", "disease": "wellcome_local_subject:disease", "emotions": "wellcome_local_subject:emotions", "facets": "wellcome_local_subject:facets", "feel": "wellcome_local_subject:feel", "fruit fly": "wellcome_local_subject:fruit fly", "hensworth": "wellcome_local_subject:hensworth", "history, 19th century": "wellcome_local_subject:history, 19th century", "hospitals, psychiatric": "wellcome_local_subject:hospitals, psychiatric", "illustration": "wellcome_local_subject:illustration", "left-right brain asymmetry": "wellcome_local_subject:left-right brain asymmetry", "magenta": "wellcome_local_subject:magenta", "model organism": "wellcome_local_subject:model organism", "netherlands": "wellcome_local_subject:netherlands", "omatidia": "wellcome_local_subject:omatidia", "painting": "wellcome_local_subject:painting", "painting, kalighat": "wellcome_local_subject:painting, kalighat", "patients": "wellcome_local_subject:patients", "phrenology": "wellcome_local_subject:phrenology", "sad": "wellcome_local_subject:sad", "senses": "wellcome_local_subject:senses", "sitting position": "wellcome_local_subject:sitting position", "support": "wellcome_local_subject:support", "sympathy": "wellcome_local_subject:sympathy", "thinking": "wellcome_local_subject:thinking", "understanding": "wellcome_local_subject:understanding", "vulnerable": "wellcome_local_subject:vulnerable", "wesley, mehetable": "wellcome_local_subject:wesley, mehetable", "wesley, susannah": "wellcome_local_subject:wesley, susannah", "yellow": "wellcome_local_subject:yellow"}, "unit": "8a1b93f7f8bde665"}
+{"answer": ["Artwork", "Connections", "Migration", "Multi-coloured", "Neurone", "Senses", "Structure", "Visual Perception"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "45afef38667b3807", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Asylum", "Chennevières, François de, 1699-1779.", "Faesch, Emmanuel, 1753-1835 Art collections.", "History, 18th Century", "Ideas", "Neural network", "Neuronal signalling", "Pink"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_66813bc71e25", "question": {"candidates": ["Ideas", "Neuronal signalling", "Faesch, Emmanuel, 1753-1835 Art collections.", "Connections", "Multi-coloured", "Visual Perception", "Pink", "Neural network", "History, 18th Century", "Neurone", "Chennevières, François de, 1699-1779.", "Asylum", "Senses", "Structure", "Artwork", "Migration"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"wellcome_local_subject\" labels are covered by the image \"45afef38667b3807.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "45afef38667b3807.jpg", "vocabulary": "wellcome_local_subject"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"artwork": "wellcome_local_subject:artwork", "asylum": "wellcome_local_subject:asylum", "chennevières, françois de, 1699-1779": "wellcome_local_subject:chennevières, françois de, 1699-1779", "connections": "wellcome_local_subject:connections", "faesch, emmanuel, 1753-1835 art collections": "wellcome_local_subject:faesch, emmanuel, 1753-1835 art collections", "history, 18th century": "wellcome_local_subject:history, 18th century", "ideas": "wellcome_local_subject:ideas", "migration": "wellcome_local_subject:migration", "multi-coloured": "wellcome_local_subject:multi-coloured", "neural network": "wellcome_local_subject:neural network", "neuronal signalling": "wellcome_local_subject:neuronal signalling", "neurone": "wellcome_local_subject:neurone", "pink": "wellcome_local_subject:pink", "senses": "wellcome_local_subject:senses", "structure": "wellcome_local_subject:structure", "visual perception": "wellcome_local_subject:visual perception"}, "unit": "45afef38667b3807"}
+{"answer": ["Asylums", "Hospitals - France", "Mental health", "Stores, Retail", "Workshops"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "cefc69b43a10fa06", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Armies", "Funeral rites and ceremonies", "Germans", "Physicians - Malpractice", "Physicians - Salaries, etc."], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_78dce373ce45", "question": {"candidates": ["Mental health", "Stores, Retail", "Workshops", "Armies", "Funeral rites and ceremonies", "Physicians - Malpractice", "Physicians - Salaries, etc.", "Asylums", "Hospitals - France", "Germans"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"cefc69b43a10fa06.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "cefc69b43a10fa06.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"armies": "lcsh:sh85007309", "asylums": "lcsh:sh85009050", "funeral rites and ceremonies": "lcsh:sh85052380", "germans": "lcsh:sh85054461", "hospitals - france": "lcsh:sh2009126525", "mental health": "lcsh:sh85083615", "physicians - malpractice": "lcsh:sh85101618", "physicians - salaries, etc": "lcsh:sh85101623", "stores, retail": "lcsh:sh85128377", "workshops": "lcsh:sh85148187"}, "unit": "cefc69b43a10fa06"}
+{"answer": ["Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity", "Corpus Striatum", "Disease Models, Animal", "Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins", "Gene Knockout Techniques", "Heterozygote", "Proteome", "Proteomics", "SNARE Proteins"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "4253453eba7e36fc", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Automation", "Computer Simulation", "Congresses as Topic", "School Health Services", "Schools", "Scoping Reviews As Topic", "Students, Nursing", "Systematic Reviews as Topic", "Violence"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_e5193b1c7688", "question": {"candidates": ["Scoping Reviews As Topic", "Systematic Reviews as Topic", "SNARE Proteins", "Automation", "Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins", "Disease Models, Animal", "Proteomics", "Violence", "Gene Knockout Techniques", "Computer Simulation", "Heterozygote", "Proteome", "Congresses as Topic", "Students, Nursing", "Corpus Striatum", "Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity", "Schools", "School Health Services"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"4253453eba7e36fc.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "4253453eba7e36fc.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity": "mesh:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity", "automation": "mesh:Automation", "computer simulation": "mesh:Computer Simulation", "congresses as topic": "mesh:Congresses as Topic", "corpus striatum": "mesh:Corpus Striatum", "disease models, animal": "mesh:Disease Models, Animal", "dopamine plasma membrane transport proteins": "mesh:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins", "gene knockout techniques": "mesh:Gene Knockout Techniques", "heterozygote": "mesh:Heterozygote", "proteome": "mesh:Proteome", "proteomics": "mesh:Proteomics", "school health services": "mesh:School Health Services", "schools": "mesh:Schools", "scoping reviews as topic": "mesh:Scoping Reviews As Topic", "snare proteins": "mesh:SNARE Proteins", "students, nursing": "mesh:Students, Nursing", "systematic reviews as topic": "mesh:Systematic Reviews as Topic", "violence": "mesh:Violence"}, "unit": "4253453eba7e36fc"}
+{"answer": ["Audiences", "Books", "House furnishings", "Human behavior - Animal models", "Lectures and lecturing"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "57ad3d005b1f7e69", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Bedrooms", "Convalescence", "Police services for the mentally ill", "Reading", "Sick"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_545c82cb4998", "question": {"candidates": ["Police services for the mentally ill", "Sick", "Convalescence", "Audiences", "Human behavior - Animal models", "Bedrooms", "House furnishings", "Reading", "Lectures and lecturing", "Books"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"57ad3d005b1f7e69.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "57ad3d005b1f7e69.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"audiences": "lcsh:sh85009454", "bedrooms": "lcsh:sh85012787", "books": "lcsh:sh85015738", "convalescence": "lcsh:sh85031675", "house furnishings": "lcsh:sh85062549", "human behavior - animal models": "lcsh:sh85062840", "lectures and lecturing": "lcsh:sh85075676", "police services for the mentally ill": "lcsh:sh86005399", "reading": "lcsh:sh85111662", "sick": "lcsh:sh85122266"}, "unit": "57ad3d005b1f7e69"}
+{"answer": ["Audiences", "Church buildings", "Devil", "Folly", "Human behavior", "Preaching", "Religion", "Superstitions", "Thermometers", "Witchcraft"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "6a45cc343a1ac4ea", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Blood", "Cats", "Chiroptera", "Christianity", "Ideals (Aesthetics)", "Senses and sensation", "Taste", "Temperament", "Water Wells", "Weapons"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_83c0b9b6d665", "question": {"candidates": ["Religion", "Folly", "Taste", "Preaching", "Human behavior", "Witchcraft", "Audiences", "Weapons", "Cats", "Water Wells", "Temperament", "Chiroptera", "Christianity", "Church buildings", "Ideals (Aesthetics)", "Blood", "Thermometers", "Senses and sensation", "Devil", "Superstitions"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"6a45cc343a1ac4ea.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "6a45cc343a1ac4ea.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"audiences": "lcsh:sh85009454", "blood": "lcsh:sh85014927", "cats": "lcsh:sh85021262", "chiroptera": "lcsh:sh85012393", "christianity": "lcsh:sh85025219", "church buildings": "lcsh:sh85025854", "devil": "lcsh:sh85037376", "folly": "lcsh:sh85050159", "human behavior": "lcsh:sh85062839", "ideals (aesthetics)": "lcsh:sh85064133", "preaching": "lcsh:sh85106171", "religion": "lcsh:sh85112549", "senses and sensation": "lcsh:sh85120047", "superstitions": "lcsh:sh85130658", "taste": "lcsh:sh85132732", "temperament": "lcsh:sh85133695", "thermometers": "lcsh:sh85134802", "water wells": "lcsh:sh85146057", "weapons": "lcsh:sh85007341", "witchcraft": "lcsh:sh85147143"}, "unit": "6a45cc343a1ac4ea"}
+{"answer": ["Audiences", "Direct selling", "Entertainers", "Mass Behavior", "Performing arts", "Quackery", "Selling - Drugs", "Snakes", "Traveling sales personnel"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "53a0b97ae489f05d", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Cats", "Depressed persons", "Happiness", "Kings and rulers", "Murder", "Nose", "Psychiatrists", "Rainstorms", "Science"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_c2c7925c5896", "question": {"candidates": ["Happiness", "Traveling sales personnel", "Nose", "Mass Behavior", "Snakes", "Direct selling", "Rainstorms", "Murder", "Cats", "Psychiatrists", "Depressed persons", "Audiences", "Kings and rulers", "Science", "Selling - Drugs", "Entertainers", "Performing arts", "Quackery"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"53a0b97ae489f05d.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "53a0b97ae489f05d.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"audiences": "lcsh:sh85009454", "cats": "lcsh:sh85021262", "depressed persons": "lcsh:sh90006105", "direct selling": "lcsh:sh85038258", "entertainers": "lcsh:sh85044098", "happiness": "lcsh:sh85058807", "kings and rulers": "lcsh:sh85072413", "mass behavior": "lcsh:sh85028094", "murder": "lcsh:sh85088613", "nose": "lcsh:sh85092748", "performing arts": "lcsh:sh85099818", "psychiatrists": "lcsh:sh85108377", "quackery": "lcsh:sh85109407", "rainstorms": "lcsh:sh85111222", "science": "lcsh:sh85118553", "selling - drugs": "lcsh:sh88000087", "snakes": "lcsh:sh85123727", "traveling sales personnel": "lcsh:sh85137177"}, "unit": "53a0b97ae489f05d"}
+{"answer": ["Autism Spectrum Disorder", "Cognitive Behavioral Therapy", "Melatonin", "Network Meta-Analysis as Topic", "Phototherapy", "Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic", "Research Design", "Sleep Wake Disorders", "Systematic Reviews as Topic"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "0f7924d9573572b2", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Aging", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Brain", "Corpus Striatum", "Femur", "Fingers", "Heart", "Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System", "Mechanoreceptors"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_895eb37fa99b", "question": {"candidates": ["Femur", "Melatonin", "Mechanoreceptors", "Corpus Striatum", "Autism Spectrum Disorder", "Research Design", "Systematic Reviews as Topic", "Brain", "Phototherapy", "Fingers", "Aging", "Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Heart", "Cognitive Behavioral Therapy", "Network Meta-Analysis as Topic", "Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic", "Sleep Wake Disorders"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"0f7924d9573572b2.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "0f7924d9573572b2.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"aging": "mesh:Aging", "autism spectrum disorder": "mesh:Autism Spectrum Disorder", "biomechanical phenomena": "mesh:Biomechanical Phenomena", "brain": "mesh:Brain", "cognitive behavioral therapy": "mesh:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy", "corpus striatum": "mesh:Corpus Striatum", "femur": "mesh:Femur", "fingers": "mesh:Fingers", "heart": "mesh:Heart", "hypothalamo-hypophyseal system": "mesh:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System", "mechanoreceptors": "mesh:Mechanoreceptors", "melatonin": "mesh:Melatonin", "network meta-analysis as topic": "mesh:Network Meta-Analysis as Topic", "phototherapy": "mesh:Phototherapy", "randomized controlled trials as topic": "mesh:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic", "research design": "mesh:Research Design", "sleep wake disorders": "mesh:Sleep Wake Disorders", "systematic reviews as topic": "mesh:Systematic Reviews as Topic"}, "unit": "0f7924d9573572b2"}
+{"answer": ["Automation", "Dendritic Spines", "Imaging, Three-Dimensional", "Machine Learning"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "cf6ad6a0eb6fc271", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak", "Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins", "Intracranial Hypotension", "Tachycardia, Ventricular"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_6f407b004ee0", "question": {"candidates": ["Tachycardia, Ventricular", "Dendritic Spines", "Imaging, Three-Dimensional", "Automation", "Intracranial Hypotension", "Machine Learning", "Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak", "Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document cf6ad6a0eb6fc271.pdf, and which are missing from it?", "topic": "cf6ad6a0eb6fc271.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"automation": "mesh:Automation", "cerebrospinal fluid leak": "mesh:Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak", "dendritic spines": "mesh:Dendritic Spines", "dopamine plasma membrane transport proteins": "mesh:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins", "imaging, three-dimensional": "mesh:Imaging, Three-Dimensional", "intracranial hypotension": "mesh:Intracranial Hypotension", "machine learning": "mesh:Machine Learning", "tachycardia, ventricular": "mesh:Tachycardia, Ventricular"}, "unit": "cf6ad6a0eb6fc271"}
+{"answer": ["Bandages", "Human Body", "Joint Dislocations", "Leg", "Splints (Surgery)", "Surgery, Operative", "Surgical Instruments", "Veins", "Wounds and injuries - Treatment"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "abf342ef5a63a754", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Books", "Head - Wounds and injuries", "Hearses (Vehicles)", "Homeopathy", "House furnishings", "Police services for the mentally ill", "Private libraries", "Psychiatric hospital patients", "Smell"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_730952b39183", "question": {"candidates": ["Homeopathy", "Bandages", "Head - Wounds and injuries", "Hearses (Vehicles)", "Human Body", "Leg", "Private libraries", "Surgery, Operative", "Smell", "Veins", "Psychiatric hospital patients", "Books", "Splints (Surgery)", "Police services for the mentally ill", "House furnishings", "Surgical Instruments", "Joint Dislocations", "Wounds and injuries - Treatment"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"abf342ef5a63a754.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "abf342ef5a63a754.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"bandages": "lcsh:sh85011479", "books": "lcsh:sh85015738", "head - wounds and injuries": "lcsh:sh85059478", "hearses (vehicles)": "lcsh:sh85059630", "homeopathy": "lcsh:sh85061725", "house furnishings": "lcsh:sh85062549", "human body": "lcsh:sh85015222", "joint dislocations": "lcsh:sh85038438", "leg": "lcsh:sh85075709", "police services for the mentally ill": "lcsh:sh86005399", "private libraries": "lcsh:sh85076565", "psychiatric hospital patients": "lcsh:sh85108352", "smell": "lcsh:sh85123629", "splints (surgery)": "lcsh:sh85126834", "surgery, operative": "lcsh:sh85130782", "surgical instruments": "lcsh:sh85130799", "veins": "lcsh:sh85142544", "wounds and injuries - treatment": "lcsh:sh85148593"}, "unit": "abf342ef5a63a754"}
+{"answer": ["Bandages", "Mandible", "Maxilla"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "4b4dc6e5bb9d3994", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Architecture - England", "Pets", "Psychiatry"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_f5049763c2c5", "question": {"candidates": ["Architecture - England", "Mandible", "Maxilla", "Pets", "Bandages", "Psychiatry"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"4b4dc6e5bb9d3994.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "4b4dc6e5bb9d3994.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"architecture - england": "lcsh:sh85006650", "bandages": "lcsh:sh85011479", "mandible": "lcsh:sh85080435", "maxilla": "lcsh:sh85082351", "pets": "lcsh:sh85100482", "psychiatry": "lcsh:sh85108381"}, "unit": "4b4dc6e5bb9d3994"}
+{"answer": ["Beak", "Birds", "Blood", "Gastropoda", "Lute", "Senses and sensation", "Spider webs", "Suffering", "Touch", "Wounds and Injuries"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "45103039fb1db7dc", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Children - Diseases", "Monsters", "Persons with Intellectual Disabilities", "Physician and patient", "Piety", "Psychology - History", "Temperament", "Ugliness", "Wigs", "Wit and Humor"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_500fa35c7b5f", "question": {"candidates": ["Psychology - History", "Children - Diseases", "Wit and Humor", "Senses and sensation", "Blood", "Spider webs", "Suffering", "Temperament", "Ugliness", "Persons with Intellectual Disabilities", "Physician and patient", "Monsters", "Piety", "Wigs", "Birds", "Gastropoda", "Lute", "Wounds and Injuries", "Beak", "Touch"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are represented in the image \"45103039fb1db7dc.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "45103039fb1db7dc.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"beak": "lcsh:sh85014034", "birds": "lcsh:sh85014310", "blood": "lcsh:sh85014927", "children - diseases": "lcsh:sh85023434", "gastropoda": "lcsh:sh85123719", "lute": "lcsh:sh85078975", "monsters": "lcsh:sh85086994", "persons with intellectual disabilities": "lcsh:sh85083667", "physician and patient": "lcsh:sh85101608", "piety": "lcsh:sh85102064", "psychology - history": "lcsh:sh2010106351", "senses and sensation": "lcsh:sh85120047", "spider webs": "lcsh:sh85126624", "suffering": "lcsh:sh85129634", "temperament": "lcsh:sh85133695", "touch": "lcsh:sh85136234", "ugliness": "lcsh:sh85139310", "wigs": "lcsh:sh85146645", "wit and humor": "lcsh:sh85147124", "wounds and injuries": "lcsh:sh85148589"}, "unit": "45103039fb1db7dc"}
+{"answer": ["Bedrooms", "Beds", "Infants", "Mothers"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "653e29035256504d", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Billiards", "Criminal Psychology", "Psychiatric hospital patients", "Psychology - History"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_732079f960d9", "question": {"candidates": ["Mothers", "Billiards", "Psychiatric hospital patients", "Infants", "Criminal Psychology", "Beds", "Psychology - History", "Bedrooms"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"653e29035256504d.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "653e29035256504d.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"bedrooms": "lcsh:sh85012787", "beds": "lcsh:sh85012788", "billiards": "lcsh:sh85014047", "criminal psychology": "lcsh:sh85034097", "infants": "lcsh:sh85066022", "mothers": "lcsh:sh85087526", "psychiatric hospital patients": "lcsh:sh85108352", "psychology - history": "lcsh:sh2010106351"}, "unit": "653e29035256504d"}
+{"answer": ["Bedrooms", "Convalescence", "Reading", "Sick"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "b84e4344fd8e7e6b", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Masks", "Physics", "Psychology - History", "Social classes - France"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_be12e5a39536", "question": {"candidates": ["Convalescence", "Bedrooms", "Masks", "Psychology - History", "Sick", "Social classes - France", "Physics", "Reading"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"b84e4344fd8e7e6b.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "b84e4344fd8e7e6b.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"bedrooms": "lcsh:sh85012787", "convalescence": "lcsh:sh85031675", "masks": "lcsh:sh85081817", "physics": "lcsh:sh85101653", "psychology - history": "lcsh:sh2010106351", "reading": "lcsh:sh85111662", "sick": "lcsh:sh85122266", "social classes - france": "lcsh:sh2008111806"}, "unit": "b84e4344fd8e7e6b"}
+{"answer": ["Bedrooms", "Medicine", "Shock"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "e0f96d80dbaffc48", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Geometry", "Lip", "Senses and sensation"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_cac00d7fc091", "question": {"candidates": ["Senses and sensation", "Bedrooms", "Lip", "Geometry", "Shock", "Medicine"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"e0f96d80dbaffc48.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "e0f96d80dbaffc48.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"bedrooms": "lcsh:sh85012787", "geometry": "lcsh:sh85054133", "lip": "lcsh:sh85077320", "medicine": "lcsh:sh85083064", "senses and sensation": "lcsh:sh85120047", "shock": "lcsh:sh85121705"}, "unit": "e0f96d80dbaffc48"}
+{"answer": ["Begging", "Beneficence"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "27a895f5dd43f690", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Determination (Personality trait)", "Panic"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_9398db3b3e48", "question": {"candidates": ["Beneficence", "Panic", "Determination (Personality trait)", "Begging"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"27a895f5dd43f690.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "27a895f5dd43f690.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"begging": "lcsh:sh85012883", "beneficence": "lcsh:sh85022672", "determination (personality trait)": "lcsh:sh91000350", "panic": "lcsh:sh85097438"}, "unit": "27a895f5dd43f690"}
+{"answer": ["Belief and doubt", "Christianity", "Christianity and other religions - Greek", "Conversion", "Idols and images", "Jews", "Missionaries", "Resurrection"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "0528ec48494c3763", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Children with mental disabilities", "Kings and rulers", "Old age", "Persons with Intellectual Disabilities", "Pride and vanity", "Princes", "Psychology - History", "Ugliness"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_5f33f5314d07", "question": {"candidates": ["Belief and doubt", "Persons with Intellectual Disabilities", "Resurrection", "Missionaries", "Princes", "Children with mental disabilities", "Jews", "Pride and vanity", "Conversion", "Psychology - History", "Old age", "Idols and images", "Christianity and other religions - Greek", "Ugliness", "Kings and rulers", "Christianity"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"0528ec48494c3763.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "0528ec48494c3763.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"belief and doubt": "lcsh:sh85013004", "children with mental disabilities": "lcsh:sh85083683", "christianity": "lcsh:sh85025219", "christianity and other religions - greek": "lcsh:sh85025262", "conversion": "lcsh:sh85031702", "idols and images": "lcsh:sh85064172", "jews": "lcsh:sh85070361", "kings and rulers": "lcsh:sh85072413", "missionaries": "lcsh:sh85086017", "old age": "lcsh:sh85094506", "persons with intellectual disabilities": "lcsh:sh85083667", "pride and vanity": "lcsh:sh85106629", "princes": "lcsh:sh85106721", "psychology - history": "lcsh:sh2010106351", "resurrection": "lcsh:sh85113287", "ugliness": "lcsh:sh85139310"}, "unit": "0528ec48494c3763"}
+{"answer": ["Belief and doubt", "Terror"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "30637bb383f0ce12", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Drowning", "Mental health"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_ddd67dd12f53", "question": {"candidates": ["Drowning", "Terror", "Mental health", "Belief and doubt"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"30637bb383f0ce12.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "30637bb383f0ce12.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"belief and doubt": "lcsh:sh85013004", "drowning": "lcsh:sh85039668", "mental health": "lcsh:sh85083615", "terror": "lcsh:sh85134111"}, "unit": "30637bb383f0ce12"}
+{"answer": ["Bellevue Hospital Center", "New York City"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "643f3eb9124011fa", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Franz Joseph Gall", "Édouard Brissaud"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_7f43c85ae885", "question": {"candidates": ["Franz Joseph Gall", "New York City", "Édouard Brissaud", "Bellevue Hospital Center"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lc_names\" labels are shown in the image \"643f3eb9124011fa.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "643f3eb9124011fa.jpg", "vocabulary": "lc_names"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"bellevue hospital center": "lc_names:n50052200", "franz joseph gall": "lc_names:n84179761", "new york city": "lc_names:n79007751", "édouard brissaud": "lc_names:no2008011330"}, "unit": "643f3eb9124011fa"}
+{"answer": ["Bellevue Hospital Center", "New York City"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "8289513a04dc92bd", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["France", "Mary"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_3a9a59696565", "question": {"candidates": ["New York City", "France", "Bellevue Hospital Center", "Mary"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lc_names\" labels are covered by the image \"8289513a04dc92bd.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "8289513a04dc92bd.jpg", "vocabulary": "lc_names"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"bellevue hospital center": "lc_names:n50052200", "france": "lc_names:n79006404", "mary": "lc_names:n81018544", "new york city": "lc_names:n79007751"}, "unit": "8289513a04dc92bd"}
+{"answer": ["Beneficence", "Bereavement", "Coffins", "Litters", "Rites and ceremonies"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "a65cdf3eb4b3e434", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Agitation (Psychology)", "Costume - History - 19th century", "Music Therapy", "Thames River (England)", "Theological virtues"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_89f00db305d0", "question": {"candidates": ["Agitation (Psychology)", "Thames River (England)", "Beneficence", "Litters", "Coffins", "Costume - History - 19th century", "Music Therapy", "Rites and ceremonies", "Theological virtues", "Bereavement"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"a65cdf3eb4b3e434.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "a65cdf3eb4b3e434.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"agitation (psychology)": "lcsh:sh00002345", "beneficence": "lcsh:sh85022672", "bereavement": "lcsh:sh85013296", "coffins": "lcsh:sh85027731", "costume - history - 19th century": "lcsh:sh85033247", "litters": "lcsh:sh85077674", "music therapy": "lcsh:sh85088942", "rites and ceremonies": "lcsh:sh85114211", "thames river (england)": "lcsh:sh85134480", "theological virtues": "lcsh:sh85134663"}, "unit": "a65cdf3eb4b3e434"}
+{"answer": ["Beneficence", "Child", "Church buildings", "Coffins", "Milk", "Shoe shiners"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "0a65956af26d71df", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Crosses", "Hearses (Vehicles)", "Medical fees", "Nurses", "Patients", "Physicians - Salaries, etc."], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_ab211311dfd9", "question": {"candidates": ["Hearses (Vehicles)", "Coffins", "Medical fees", "Patients", "Church buildings", "Child", "Nurses", "Milk", "Crosses", "Physicians - Salaries, etc.", "Beneficence", "Shoe shiners"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"0a65956af26d71df.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "0a65956af26d71df.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"beneficence": "lcsh:sh85022672", "child": "lcsh:sh85023418", "church buildings": "lcsh:sh85025854", "coffins": "lcsh:sh85027731", "crosses": "lcsh:sh85034290", "hearses (vehicles)": "lcsh:sh85059630", "medical fees": "lcsh:sh85082936", "milk": "lcsh:sh85085317", "nurses": "lcsh:sh85093349", "patients": "lcsh:sh85098709", "physicians - salaries, etc": "lcsh:sh85101623", "shoe shiners": "lcsh:sh85121729"}, "unit": "0a65956af26d71df"}
+{"answer": ["Benevolence", "Criminal Psychology", "Psychology - History"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "228dbe4e622e6f8f", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Church buildings", "Mourning customs", "Syncope"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_6d80b6e765e7", "question": {"candidates": ["Syncope", "Church buildings", "Psychology - History", "Criminal Psychology", "Benevolence", "Mourning customs"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"228dbe4e622e6f8f.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "228dbe4e622e6f8f.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"benevolence": "lcsh:sh85013139", "church buildings": "lcsh:sh85025854", "criminal psychology": "lcsh:sh85034097", "mourning customs": "lcsh:sh85087976", "psychology - history": "lcsh:sh2010106351", "syncope": "lcsh:sh85131622"}, "unit": "228dbe4e622e6f8f"}
+{"answer": ["Benevolence", "Soldiers"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "011f75652516f19b", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Senses and sensation", "Surgical Instruments"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_4a1fb8934945", "question": {"candidates": ["Senses and sensation", "Soldiers", "Benevolence", "Surgical Instruments"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"011f75652516f19b.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "011f75652516f19b.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"benevolence": "lcsh:sh85013139", "senses and sensation": "lcsh:sh85120047", "soldiers": "lcsh:sh85124554", "surgical instruments": "lcsh:sh85130799"}, "unit": "011f75652516f19b"}
+{"answer": ["Billiards", "Psychiatric hospital patients", "Smoking"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "a440d4ea340574d8", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Christianity", "Domestic Violence", "Quietude"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_3206df2606a7", "question": {"candidates": ["Psychiatric hospital patients", "Quietude", "Christianity", "Smoking", "Billiards", "Domestic Violence"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are represented in the image \"a440d4ea340574d8.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "a440d4ea340574d8.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"billiards": "lcsh:sh85014047", "christianity": "lcsh:sh85025219", "domestic violence": "lcsh:sh85047071", "psychiatric hospital patients": "lcsh:sh85108352", "quietude": "lcsh:sh85109846", "smoking": "lcsh:sh85123693"}, "unit": "a440d4ea340574d8"}
+{"answer": ["Biomechanical Phenomena", "Bone Remodeling", "Computer Simulation", "Epiphyses", "Femur", "Finite Element Analysis", "Growth Plate", "Mechanical Phenomena", "Models, Biological", "Stress, Mechanical"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "d0e1b44231718a23", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Conditioning, Psychological", "Corticosterone", "Depression", "Emotions", "Executive Function", "Fear", "Melatonin", "Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis", "Students, Nursing", "Sub-Saharan African People"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_1b89ee25b673", "question": {"candidates": ["Finite Element Analysis", "Epiphyses", "Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis", "Models, Biological", "Melatonin", "Sub-Saharan African People", "Computer Simulation", "Corticosterone", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Growth Plate", "Depression", "Emotions", "Femur", "Mechanical Phenomena", "Fear", "Bone Remodeling", "Stress, Mechanical", "Executive Function", "Conditioning, Psychological", "Students, Nursing"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"d0e1b44231718a23.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "d0e1b44231718a23.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"biomechanical phenomena": "mesh:Biomechanical Phenomena", "bone remodeling": "mesh:Bone Remodeling", "computer simulation": "mesh:Computer Simulation", "conditioning, psychological": "mesh:Conditioning, Psychological", "corticosterone": "mesh:Corticosterone", "depression": "mesh:Depression", "emotions": "mesh:Emotions", "epiphyses": "mesh:Epiphyses", "executive function": "mesh:Executive Function", "fear": "mesh:Fear", "femur": "mesh:Femur", "finite element analysis": "mesh:Finite Element Analysis", "growth plate": "mesh:Growth Plate", "mechanical phenomena": "mesh:Mechanical Phenomena", "melatonin": "mesh:Melatonin", "models, biological": "mesh:Models, Biological", "pre-exposure prophylaxis": "mesh:Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis", "stress, mechanical": "mesh:Stress, Mechanical", "students, nursing": "mesh:Students, Nursing", "sub-saharan african people": "mesh:Sub-Saharan African People"}, "unit": "d0e1b44231718a23"}
+{"answer": ["Biomechanical Phenomena", "Dermatoglyphics", "Fingers", "Mechanoreceptors", "Tomography, Optical Coherence", "Touch", "Touch Perception"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "d49c1dc602199f5e", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Automation", "Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins", "Mice, Inbred C57BL", "Oxytocin", "Piperidines", "Proteomics", "SNARE Proteins"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_de20af181f09", "question": {"candidates": ["Touch Perception", "Touch", "Dermatoglyphics", "Mice, Inbred C57BL", "Oxytocin", "Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins", "Mechanoreceptors", "Proteomics", "Piperidines", "Fingers", "SNARE Proteins", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Automation", "Tomography, Optical Coherence"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"d49c1dc602199f5e.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "d49c1dc602199f5e.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"automation": "mesh:Automation", "biomechanical phenomena": "mesh:Biomechanical Phenomena", "dermatoglyphics": "mesh:Dermatoglyphics", "dopamine plasma membrane transport proteins": "mesh:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins", "fingers": "mesh:Fingers", "mechanoreceptors": "mesh:Mechanoreceptors", "mice, inbred c57bl": "mesh:Mice, Inbred C57BL", "oxytocin": "mesh:Oxytocin", "piperidines": "mesh:Piperidines", "proteomics": "mesh:Proteomics", "snare proteins": "mesh:SNARE Proteins", "tomography, optical coherence": "mesh:Tomography, Optical Coherence", "touch": "mesh:Touch", "touch perception": "mesh:Touch Perception"}, "unit": "d49c1dc602199f5e"}
+{"answer": ["Blood", "Stigmatization"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "b76522006d5b219a", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["African People", "Temperament"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_6e561c67be8c", "question": {"candidates": ["Temperament", "Stigmatization", "African People", "Blood"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"b76522006d5b219a.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "b76522006d5b219a.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"african people": "lcsh:sh85001757", "blood": "lcsh:sh85014927", "stigmatization": "lcsh:sh85128110", "temperament": "lcsh:sh85133695"}, "unit": "b76522006d5b219a"}
+{"answer": ["Body armor", "Harp", "Music Therapy", "Weapons"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "dd19b74f423b6aea", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Extreme unction", "Infants", "Muscle strength", "Psychology"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_7f4e6200352d", "question": {"candidates": ["Harp", "Weapons", "Infants", "Muscle strength", "Psychology", "Extreme unction", "Music Therapy", "Body armor"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"dd19b74f423b6aea.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "dd19b74f423b6aea.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"body armor": "lcsh:sh91001223", "extreme unction": "lcsh:sh85046598", "harp": "lcsh:sh85058984", "infants": "lcsh:sh85066022", "muscle strength": "lcsh:sh85088685", "music therapy": "lcsh:sh85088942", "psychology": "lcsh:sh85108459", "weapons": "lcsh:sh85007341"}, "unit": "dd19b74f423b6aea"}
+{"answer": ["Books", "House furnishings", "Private libraries"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "add8ee686420bd35", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Artists' preparatory studies", "Blessing and cursing", "Drawing books"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_1ce930d3665f", "question": {"candidates": ["Books", "Blessing and cursing", "Drawing books", "Private libraries", "House furnishings", "Artists' preparatory studies"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"add8ee686420bd35.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "add8ee686420bd35.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"artists' preparatory studies": "lcsh:sh85008314", "blessing and cursing": "lcsh:sh85014846", "books": "lcsh:sh85015738", "drawing books": "lcsh:sh85039473", "house furnishings": "lcsh:sh85062549", "private libraries": "lcsh:sh85076565"}, "unit": "add8ee686420bd35"}
+{"answer": ["Bowls (Game)", "Gesture", "Perception", "Physics", "Posture", "Psychology - History", "Science - History - 19th century", "Social classes - France", "Temperament", "Weight (Physics)", "Working class"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "cfbdab252e61273e", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Direct selling", "Fountains", "Gardens", "Hypnosis", "Hysteria", "Philosophy", "Psychology", "Quackery", "Students", "Teaching", "Will"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_768f3ff48610", "question": {"candidates": ["Gardens", "Will", "Physics", "Gesture", "Hypnosis", "Science - History - 19th century", "Temperament", "Bowls (Game)", "Psychology - History", "Social classes - France", "Quackery", "Psychology", "Weight (Physics)", "Working class", "Students", "Perception", "Philosophy", "Direct selling", "Hysteria", "Posture", "Fountains", "Teaching"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"cfbdab252e61273e.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "cfbdab252e61273e.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"bowls (game)": "lcsh:sh85016168", "direct selling": "lcsh:sh85038258", "fountains": "lcsh:sh85051067", "gardens": "lcsh:sh85053101", "gesture": "lcsh:sh85054727", "hypnosis": "lcsh:sh85063752", "hysteria": "lcsh:sh85063851", "perception": "lcsh:sh85099708", "philosophy": "lcsh:sh85100849", "physics": "lcsh:sh85101653", "posture": "lcsh:sh85105571", "psychology": "lcsh:sh85108459", "psychology - history": "lcsh:sh2010106351", "quackery": "lcsh:sh85109407", "science - history - 19th century": "lcsh:sh2008111329", "social classes - france": "lcsh:sh2008111806", "students": "lcsh:sh85129296", "teaching": "lcsh:sh85133052", "temperament": "lcsh:sh85133695", "weight (physics)": "lcsh:sh85145953", "will": "lcsh:sh85146775", "working class": "lcsh:sh85073639"}, "unit": "cfbdab252e61273e"}
+{"answer": ["Brain - Anatomy", "Neurophysiology"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "879a3c758dea3fb3", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Anxiety", "Rain"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_7c1309d31e98", "question": {"candidates": ["Rain", "Brain - Anatomy", "Anxiety", "Neurophysiology"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"879a3c758dea3fb3.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "879a3c758dea3fb3.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"anxiety": "lcsh:sh85005835", "brain - anatomy": "lcsh:sh85016323", "neurophysiology": "lcsh:sh85091159", "rain": "lcsh:sh85111188"}, "unit": "879a3c758dea3fb3"}
+{"answer": ["Brain - Localization of functions", "Neurophysiology", "Psychology - History"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "2846a7e43a0b91ef", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Aphorisms and Proverbs as Topic", "Bedrooms", "Politicians"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_a6a3ca78c677", "question": {"candidates": ["Neurophysiology", "Psychology - History", "Brain - Localization of functions", "Aphorisms and Proverbs as Topic", "Bedrooms", "Politicians"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"2846a7e43a0b91ef.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "2846a7e43a0b91ef.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"aphorisms and proverbs as topic": "lcsh:sh85107840", "bedrooms": "lcsh:sh85012787", "brain - localization of functions": "lcsh:sh85016342", "neurophysiology": "lcsh:sh85091159", "politicians": "lcsh:sh85104461", "psychology - history": "lcsh:sh2010106351"}, "unit": "2846a7e43a0b91ef"}
+{"answer": ["Brain function", "Ideas", "Machine", "Mind", "Thinking"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "313ba17016ddbabc", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Bilateral", "CNS", "Eustache, 1773-1835.", "Insecta", "Visual Perception"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_23560479b917", "question": {"candidates": ["Visual Perception", "Insecta", "Bilateral", "Thinking", "CNS", "Eustache, 1773-1835.", "Machine", "Brain function", "Mind", "Ideas"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"wellcome_local_subject\" labels are covered by the image \"313ba17016ddbabc.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "313ba17016ddbabc.jpg", "vocabulary": "wellcome_local_subject"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"bilateral": "wellcome_local_subject:bilateral", "brain function": "wellcome_local_subject:brain function", "cns": "wellcome_local_subject:cns", "eustache, 1773-1835": "wellcome_local_subject:eustache, 1773-1835", "ideas": "wellcome_local_subject:ideas", "insecta": "wellcome_local_subject:insecta", "machine": "wellcome_local_subject:machine", "mind": "wellcome_local_subject:mind", "thinking": "wellcome_local_subject:thinking", "visual perception": "wellcome_local_subject:visual perception"}, "unit": "313ba17016ddbabc"}
+{"answer": ["Brain", "Brain Mapping", "Emotions", "Magnetic Resonance Imaging", "Major Depressive Disorder", "Memory, Short-Term", "Reward"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "6fc0ca90301b809f", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Aging", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Heterozygote", "Nurses", "Piperidines", "Scoping Reviews As Topic", "Stress, Mechanical"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_fd6fe716371f", "question": {"candidates": ["Reward", "Aging", "Emotions", "Major Depressive Disorder", "Brain", "Magnetic Resonance Imaging", "Heterozygote", "Nurses", "Brain Mapping", "Stress, Mechanical", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Scoping Reviews As Topic", "Memory, Short-Term", "Piperidines"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"6fc0ca90301b809f.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "6fc0ca90301b809f.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"aging": "mesh:Aging", "biomechanical phenomena": "mesh:Biomechanical Phenomena", "brain": "mesh:Brain", "brain mapping": "mesh:Brain Mapping", "emotions": "mesh:Emotions", "heterozygote": "mesh:Heterozygote", "magnetic resonance imaging": "mesh:Magnetic Resonance Imaging", "major depressive disorder": "mesh:Major Depressive Disorder", "memory, short-term": "mesh:Memory, Short-Term", "nurses": "mesh:Nurses", "piperidines": "mesh:Piperidines", "reward": "mesh:Reward", "scoping reviews as topic": "mesh:Scoping Reviews As Topic", "stress, mechanical": "mesh:Stress, Mechanical"}, "unit": "6fc0ca90301b809f"}
+{"answer": ["Brain", "Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak", "Intracranial Hypotension", "Magnetic Resonance Imaging", "Parenchymal Tissue", "Retrospective Studies"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "a5fc5bdf03b56222", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity", "Bone Remodeling", "Heterozygote", "Mechanical Phenomena", "Proteome", "Proteomics"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_c973c9ee8894", "question": {"candidates": ["Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak", "Retrospective Studies", "Brain", "Heterozygote", "Magnetic Resonance Imaging", "Intracranial Hypotension", "Parenchymal Tissue", "Proteome", "Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity", "Bone Remodeling", "Proteomics", "Mechanical Phenomena"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"a5fc5bdf03b56222.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "a5fc5bdf03b56222.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity": "mesh:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity", "bone remodeling": "mesh:Bone Remodeling", "brain": "mesh:Brain", "cerebrospinal fluid leak": "mesh:Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak", "heterozygote": "mesh:Heterozygote", "intracranial hypotension": "mesh:Intracranial Hypotension", "magnetic resonance imaging": "mesh:Magnetic Resonance Imaging", "mechanical phenomena": "mesh:Mechanical Phenomena", "parenchymal tissue": "mesh:Parenchymal Tissue", "proteome": "mesh:Proteome", "proteomics": "mesh:Proteomics", "retrospective studies": "mesh:Retrospective Studies"}, "unit": "a5fc5bdf03b56222"}
+{"answer": ["Brooms and brushes", "Domestic Violence", "Married people", "Self-defense", "Shoes", "Wife abuse - India"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "3f25413ce14bd60f", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Anxiety", "Benevolence", "Coffins", "Intelligence", "Stoics", "Vases"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_68cb2abcc6fc", "question": {"candidates": ["Benevolence", "Stoics", "Self-defense", "Wife abuse - India", "Intelligence", "Coffins", "Married people", "Shoes", "Anxiety", "Domestic Violence", "Brooms and brushes", "Vases"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"3f25413ce14bd60f.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "3f25413ce14bd60f.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"anxiety": "lcsh:sh85005835", "benevolence": "lcsh:sh85013139", "brooms and brushes": "lcsh:sh85017214", "coffins": "lcsh:sh85027731", "domestic violence": "lcsh:sh85047071", "intelligence": "lcsh:sh85067157", "married people": "lcsh:sh85063204", "self-defense": "lcsh:sh85119726", "shoes": "lcsh:sh85121735", "stoics": "lcsh:sh85128242", "vases": "lcsh:sh85142374", "wife abuse - india": "lcsh:sh2010118536"}, "unit": "3f25413ce14bd60f"}
+{"answer": ["Brussels", "Hugo van der Goes"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "f79ed86857767b3a", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Johann Spurzheim", "Paris"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_cf62ea0acd7e", "question": {"candidates": ["Johann Spurzheim", "Hugo van der Goes", "Brussels", "Paris"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lc_names\" labels are shown in the image \"f79ed86857767b3a.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "f79ed86857767b3a.jpg", "vocabulary": "lc_names"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"brussels": "lc_names:n79013830", "hugo van der goes": "lc_names:n83227123", "johann spurzheim": "lc_names:n85056635", "paris": "lc_names:n79058874"}, "unit": "f79ed86857767b3a"}
+{"answer": ["Burial", "Coffins"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "78a5935f06c7fb7c", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Ideals (Aesthetics)", "Psychology - History"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_815d5b77660f", "question": {"candidates": ["Burial", "Coffins", "Psychology - History", "Ideals (Aesthetics)"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are represented in the image \"78a5935f06c7fb7c.jpg\", and which ones are not?", "topic": "78a5935f06c7fb7c.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"burial": "lcsh:sh85018080", "coffins": "lcsh:sh85027731", "ideals (aesthetics)": "lcsh:sh85064133", "psychology - history": "lcsh:sh2010106351"}, "unit": "78a5935f06c7fb7c"}
+{"answer": ["Burial", "Funeral rites and ceremonies", "Methodism", "Mothers", "Water Wells"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "73e671b09af28794", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Astronomy", "Globes", "House furnishings", "Physiology, Comparative", "Touch"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_c88d60e0fa08", "question": {"candidates": ["Methodism", "Physiology, Comparative", "Funeral rites and ceremonies", "Burial", "Astronomy", "Water Wells", "Touch", "Mothers", "Globes", "House furnishings"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"73e671b09af28794.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "73e671b09af28794.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"astronomy": "lcsh:sh85009003", "burial": "lcsh:sh85018080", "funeral rites and ceremonies": "lcsh:sh85052380", "globes": "lcsh:sh85055294", "house furnishings": "lcsh:sh85062549", "methodism": "lcsh:sh85084392", "mothers": "lcsh:sh85087526", "physiology, comparative": "lcsh:sh85101681", "touch": "lcsh:sh85136234", "water wells": "lcsh:sh85146057"}, "unit": "73e671b09af28794"}
+{"answer": ["Busts", "Costume - France", "Dolls", "Furniture - France", "Psychology - History", "Puppets", "Rich people"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "0c3b8634f4a7e23c", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Bedrooms", "Bereavement", "Medicine", "Shock", "Sick children", "Terror", "Vegetables"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_58965040e4fa", "question": {"candidates": ["Shock", "Terror", "Busts", "Psychology - History", "Puppets", "Costume - France", "Rich people", "Bereavement", "Vegetables", "Sick children", "Furniture - France", "Medicine", "Dolls", "Bedrooms"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"0c3b8634f4a7e23c.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "0c3b8634f4a7e23c.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"bedrooms": "lcsh:sh85012787", "bereavement": "lcsh:sh85013296", "busts": "lcsh:sh85018348", "costume - france": "lcsh:sh88003689", "dolls": "lcsh:sh85038873", "furniture - france": "lcsh:sh2008121336", "medicine": "lcsh:sh85083064", "psychology - history": "lcsh:sh2010106351", "puppets": "lcsh:sh85109144", "rich people": "lcsh:sh85141241", "shock": "lcsh:sh85121705", "sick children": "lcsh:sh85122281", "terror": "lcsh:sh85134111", "vegetables": "lcsh:sh85142489"}, "unit": "0c3b8634f4a7e23c"}
+{"answer": ["Caribbean Region", "Turks"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "dedd16c38b8c0ceb", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Chairs", "Teaching"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_4ad87bf2cb8b", "question": {"candidates": ["Chairs", "Teaching", "Turks", "Caribbean Region"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are represented in the image \"dedd16c38b8c0ceb.jpg\", and which ones are not present?", "topic": "dedd16c38b8c0ceb.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"caribbean region": "lcsh:sh85020279", "chairs": "lcsh:sh85022351", "teaching": "lcsh:sh85133052", "turks": "lcsh:sh85138915"}, "unit": "dedd16c38b8c0ceb"}
+{"answer": ["Carlo Goldoni", "Italy"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "6ab8f44d024f9cf8", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Hall, John, 1943-2000", "John Wesley"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_e4562b9d1089", "question": {"candidates": ["Italy", "John Wesley", "Hall, John, 1943-2000", "Carlo Goldoni"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lc_names\" labels are covered by the image \"6ab8f44d024f9cf8.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "6ab8f44d024f9cf8.jpg", "vocabulary": "lc_names"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"carlo goldoni": "lc_names:n79046263", "hall, john, 1943-2000": "lc_names:no2013113929", "italy": "lc_names:n79021783", "john wesley": "lc_names:n79060434"}, "unit": "6ab8f44d024f9cf8"}
+{"answer": ["Cats", "Human behavior - Animal models", "Mental health"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "8cc80e58d7d0e577", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Columns", "Furniture", "Science - History - 19th century"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_c2c6190d6cd3", "question": {"candidates": ["Mental health", "Human behavior - Animal models", "Science - History - 19th century", "Columns", "Furniture", "Cats"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are shown in the image \"8cc80e58d7d0e577.jpg\", and which ones are not present in it?", "topic": "8cc80e58d7d0e577.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"cats": "lcsh:sh85021262", "columns": "lcsh:sh85028763", "furniture": "lcsh:sh85052522", "human behavior - animal models": "lcsh:sh85062840", "mental health": "lcsh:sh85083615", "science - history - 19th century": "lcsh:sh2008111329"}, "unit": "8cc80e58d7d0e577"}
+{"answer": ["Chains", "Dangerously mentally ill", "Mentally ill", "Psychiatric hospital patients - Restraint", "Statues"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "1abe06936ac54fc6", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Jealousy", "Lions", "Neuroses", "Philosophers", "Trials"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_801f06fcd084", "question": {"candidates": ["Trials", "Jealousy", "Psychiatric hospital patients - Restraint", "Lions", "Neuroses", "Statues", "Philosophers", "Chains", "Dangerously mentally ill", "Mentally ill"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"1abe06936ac54fc6.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "1abe06936ac54fc6.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"chains": "lcsh:sh85022343", "dangerously mentally ill": "lcsh:sh00003167", "jealousy": "lcsh:sh85069852", "lions": "lcsh:sh85077276", "mentally ill": "lcsh:sh85083699", "neuroses": "lcsh:sh85091169", "philosophers": "lcsh:sh85100836", "psychiatric hospital patients - restraint": "lcsh:sh85108353", "statues": "lcsh:sh85127595", "trials": "lcsh:sh85137328"}, "unit": "1abe06936ac54fc6"}
+{"answer": ["Charles", "Charles Wesley", "Hall, John, 1943-2000", "Hall, Martha", "John Wesley", "Morgan", "Spencer"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "73e671b09af28794", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Darenth", "Edward Somerset, 2nd Marquess of Worcester", "Esther", "Johann Spurzheim", "John Copley, 1st Baron Lyndhurst", "Louis XIV of France", "Xerxes I"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_bd1f6d56e754", "question": {"candidates": ["Esther", "Johann Spurzheim", "Louis XIV of France", "Darenth", "Xerxes I", "Edward Somerset, 2nd Marquess of Worcester", "Hall, John, 1943-2000", "Morgan", "Spencer", "John Copley, 1st Baron Lyndhurst", "Charles Wesley", "Hall, Martha", "John Wesley", "Charles"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lc_names\" labels are covered by the image \"73e671b09af28794.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "73e671b09af28794.jpg", "vocabulary": "lc_names"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"charles": "lc_names:n78081777", "charles wesley": "lc_names:n50003882", "darenth": "lc_names:n99055814", "edward somerset, 2nd marquess of worcester": "lc_names:n82222227", "esther": "lc_names:n79109094", "hall, john, 1943-2000": "lc_names:no2013113929", "hall, martha": "lc_names:n99052568", "johann spurzheim": "lc_names:n85056635", "john copley, 1st baron lyndhurst": "lc_names:n85052204", "john wesley": "lc_names:n79060434", "louis xiv of france": "lc_names:n80051801", "morgan": "lc_names:n85117465", "spencer": "lc_names:no96031102", "xerxes i": "lc_names:n81070675"}, "unit": "73e671b09af28794"}
+{"answer": ["Child", "Church buildings", "Games"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "0b3ef379ba357735", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Bowls (Game)", "Dental instruments and apparatus", "Posture"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_c610f5b78cdc", "question": {"candidates": ["Posture", "Child", "Dental instruments and apparatus", "Games", "Church buildings", "Bowls (Game)"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"0b3ef379ba357735.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "0b3ef379ba357735.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"bowls (game)": "lcsh:sh85016168", "child": "lcsh:sh85023418", "church buildings": "lcsh:sh85025854", "dental instruments and apparatus": "lcsh:sh85036898", "games": "lcsh:sh85052948", "posture": "lcsh:sh85105571"}, "unit": "0b3ef379ba357735"}
+{"answer": ["Children - Diseases", "Intelligence", "Persons with Intellectual Disabilities", "Psychology - History"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "240a46410e9c33b2", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Christianity and other religions - Greek", "Conversion", "Intestine, Small", "Resurrection"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_9a46b8521b01", "question": {"candidates": ["Christianity and other religions - Greek", "Conversion", "Resurrection", "Children - Diseases", "Intelligence", "Psychology - History", "Intestine, Small", "Persons with Intellectual Disabilities"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"240a46410e9c33b2.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "240a46410e9c33b2.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"children - diseases": "lcsh:sh85023434", "christianity and other religions - greek": "lcsh:sh85025262", "conversion": "lcsh:sh85031702", "intelligence": "lcsh:sh85067157", "intestine, small": "lcsh:sh85067575", "persons with intellectual disabilities": "lcsh:sh85083667", "psychology - history": "lcsh:sh2010106351", "resurrection": "lcsh:sh85113287"}, "unit": "240a46410e9c33b2"}
+{"answer": ["Children - Diseases", "Neurophysiology", "Psychology - History"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "e1e765c7c257965a", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Beneficence", "Gastropoda", "Suffering"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_b7c2346a1b6c", "question": {"candidates": ["Neurophysiology", "Beneficence", "Children - Diseases", "Gastropoda", "Psychology - History", "Suffering"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are shown in the image \"e1e765c7c257965a.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "e1e765c7c257965a.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"beneficence": "lcsh:sh85022672", "children - diseases": "lcsh:sh85023434", "gastropoda": "lcsh:sh85123719", "neurophysiology": "lcsh:sh85091159", "psychology - history": "lcsh:sh2010106351", "suffering": "lcsh:sh85129634"}, "unit": "e1e765c7c257965a"}
+{"answer": ["Children with mental disabilities", "Down Syndrome"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "f2755d47e31a0660", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Gesture", "Joint Dislocations"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_90eea3fbc67d", "question": {"candidates": ["Gesture", "Children with mental disabilities", "Joint Dislocations", "Down Syndrome"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"f2755d47e31a0660.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "f2755d47e31a0660.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"children with mental disabilities": "lcsh:sh85083683", "down syndrome": "lcsh:sh85039232", "gesture": "lcsh:sh85054727", "joint dislocations": "lcsh:sh85038438"}, "unit": "f2755d47e31a0660"}
+{"answer": ["Chiroptera", "Monsters"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "3657bee0c233ea62", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Human anatomy", "Splints (Surgery)"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_424ea4686f51", "question": {"candidates": ["Splints (Surgery)", "Chiroptera", "Human anatomy", "Monsters"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"3657bee0c233ea62.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "3657bee0c233ea62.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"chiroptera": "lcsh:sh85012393", "human anatomy": "lcsh:sh85004839", "monsters": "lcsh:sh85086994", "splints (surgery)": "lcsh:sh85126834"}, "unit": "3657bee0c233ea62"}
+{"answer": ["Christianity", "Sadness"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "81328314d57ab084", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Mentally ill", "Psychiatric hospital patients - Seclusion"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_59a737dfb7ad", "question": {"candidates": ["Sadness", "Psychiatric hospital patients - Seclusion", "Mentally ill", "Christianity"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"81328314d57ab084.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "81328314d57ab084.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"christianity": "lcsh:sh85025219", "mentally ill": "lcsh:sh85083699", "psychiatric hospital patients - seclusion": "lcsh:sh85108354", "sadness": "lcsh:sh85116428"}, "unit": "81328314d57ab084"}
+{"answer": ["Christianity", "Temperament"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "16b1e3b6a94d9d98", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Child", "Women patients"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_a51e98964764", "question": {"candidates": ["Temperament", "Women patients", "Christianity", "Child"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"16b1e3b6a94d9d98.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "16b1e3b6a94d9d98.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"child": "lcsh:sh85023418", "christianity": "lcsh:sh85025219", "temperament": "lcsh:sh85133695", "women patients": "lcsh:sh88006245"}, "unit": "16b1e3b6a94d9d98"}
+{"answer": ["Church buildings", "Gas light fixtures", "Horses"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "825cb7ea2ab72a71", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Brain - Localization of functions", "Hypochondriasis", "Neurophysiology"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_64d6ecd3044c", "question": {"candidates": ["Hypochondriasis", "Neurophysiology", "Brain - Localization of functions", "Gas light fixtures", "Horses", "Church buildings"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"825cb7ea2ab72a71.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "825cb7ea2ab72a71.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"brain - localization of functions": "lcsh:sh85016342", "church buildings": "lcsh:sh85025854", "gas light fixtures": "lcsh:sh85053313", "horses": "lcsh:sh85062160", "hypochondriasis": "lcsh:sh85063763", "neurophysiology": "lcsh:sh85091159"}, "unit": "825cb7ea2ab72a71"}
+{"answer": ["Church buildings", "Sheep"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "54382190f2ee689e", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Physicians", "Senses and sensation"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_f215828a91b8", "question": {"candidates": ["Physicians", "Sheep", "Senses and sensation", "Church buildings"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are represented in the image \"54382190f2ee689e.jpg\", and which ones are not represented in it?", "topic": "54382190f2ee689e.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"church buildings": "lcsh:sh85025854", "physicians": "lcsh:sh85101610", "senses and sensation": "lcsh:sh85120047", "sheep": "lcsh:sh85121208"}, "unit": "54382190f2ee689e"}
+{"answer": ["Cleopatra", "Thomas Hollis"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "deb9d111afd2ad60", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Adam", "Richard Cosway"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_edf139f59861", "question": {"candidates": ["Cleopatra", "Adam", "Richard Cosway", "Thomas Hollis"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lc_names\" labels are covered by the image \"deb9d111afd2ad60.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "deb9d111afd2ad60.jpg", "vocabulary": "lc_names"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"adam": "lc_names:n82025265", "cleopatra": "lc_names:n80067160", "richard cosway": "lc_names:n93108180", "thomas hollis": "lc_names:n89672140"}, "unit": "deb9d111afd2ad60"}
+{"answer": ["Clinics", "Furniture", "Psychiatry", "Psychology"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "7289c81640ab6876", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Almshouses", "Family", "House furnishings", "Temperament"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_0da1fa24bb98", "question": {"candidates": ["Family", "Temperament", "Clinics", "House furnishings", "Psychiatry", "Psychology", "Furniture", "Almshouses"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are present in the image \"7289c81640ab6876.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "7289c81640ab6876.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"almshouses": "lcsh:sh85003781", "clinics": "lcsh:sh85027070", "family": "lcsh:sh85047009", "furniture": "lcsh:sh85052522", "house furnishings": "lcsh:sh85062549", "psychiatry": "lcsh:sh85108381", "psychology": "lcsh:sh85108459", "temperament": "lcsh:sh85133695"}, "unit": "7289c81640ab6876"}
+{"answer": ["Columns", "Domes", "Fashion"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "268f8f6c04c4b13b", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Mandible", "Maxilla", "Preaching"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_cfb8d35ed7ce", "question": {"candidates": ["Domes", "Columns", "Fashion", "Mandible", "Preaching", "Maxilla"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are shown in the image \"268f8f6c04c4b13b.jpg\" and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "268f8f6c04c4b13b.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"columns": "lcsh:sh85028763", "domes": "lcsh:sh85038905", "fashion": "lcsh:sh85047377", "mandible": "lcsh:sh85080435", "maxilla": "lcsh:sh85082351", "preaching": "lcsh:sh85106171"}, "unit": "268f8f6c04c4b13b"}
+{"answer": ["Congresses as Topic", "Students, Nursing"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "8627ca0d62665612", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Computer Simulation", "Femur"], "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_004ed5680437", "question": {"candidates": ["Students, Nursing", "Computer Simulation", "Femur", "Congresses as Topic"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"8627ca0d62665612.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "8627ca0d62665612.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"computer simulation": "mesh:Computer Simulation", "congresses as topic": "mesh:Congresses as Topic", "femur": "mesh:Femur", "students, nursing": "mesh:Students, Nursing"}, "unit": "8627ca0d62665612"}
+{"answer": ["Consuls", "Kings and rulers", "Princes", "Temperament"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "8c7291da11acd084", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Devil", "Mesmerism", "Physicians", "Wheelbarrows"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_fb2c98bf6f39", "question": {"candidates": ["Kings and rulers", "Devil", "Princes", "Mesmerism", "Temperament", "Physicians", "Consuls", "Wheelbarrows"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"8c7291da11acd084.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "8c7291da11acd084.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"consuls": "lcsh:sh85031467", "devil": "lcsh:sh85037376", "kings and rulers": "lcsh:sh85072413", "mesmerism": "lcsh:sh85083929", "physicians": "lcsh:sh85101610", "princes": "lcsh:sh85106721", "temperament": "lcsh:sh85133695", "wheelbarrows": "lcsh:sh91000863"}, "unit": "8c7291da11acd084"}
+{"answer": ["Costume - History - 19th century", "Devil", "Lectures and lecturing", "Physicians"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "e885fbef22e82d9e", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Christianity", "Piety", "Psychiatric hospital patients", "Self-help techniques"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_754546ed408e", "question": {"candidates": ["Self-help techniques", "Psychiatric hospital patients", "Costume - History - 19th century", "Physicians", "Christianity", "Piety", "Devil", "Lectures and lecturing"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"e885fbef22e82d9e.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "e885fbef22e82d9e.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"christianity": "lcsh:sh85025219", "costume - history - 19th century": "lcsh:sh85033247", "devil": "lcsh:sh85037376", "lectures and lecturing": "lcsh:sh85075676", "physicians": "lcsh:sh85101610", "piety": "lcsh:sh85102064", "psychiatric hospital patients": "lcsh:sh85108352", "self-help techniques": "lcsh:sh85119759"}, "unit": "e885fbef22e82d9e"}
+{"answer": ["Country life", "Rain", "Rainstorms", "Self-help techniques"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "cef05891f0b6fd41", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Artists with disabilities", "Artists' preparatory studies", "Mass Behavior", "Sick"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_4dd80150d484", "question": {"candidates": ["Sick", "Rainstorms", "Artists' preparatory studies", "Mass Behavior", "Country life", "Rain", "Artists with disabilities", "Self-help techniques"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"cef05891f0b6fd41.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "cef05891f0b6fd41.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"artists with disabilities": "lcsh:sh96000525", "artists' preparatory studies": "lcsh:sh85008314", "country life": "lcsh:sh85033462", "mass behavior": "lcsh:sh85028094", "rain": "lcsh:sh85111188", "rainstorms": "lcsh:sh85111222", "self-help techniques": "lcsh:sh85119759", "sick": "lcsh:sh85122266"}, "unit": "cef05891f0b6fd41"}
+{"answer": ["Cult", "Desire", "Piety"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "62721bb30dfe5ee3", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Idols and images", "Intestines", "Urinary Bladder"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_f4169d0677f2", "question": {"candidates": ["Desire", "Idols and images", "Cult", "Intestines", "Piety", "Urinary Bladder"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"62721bb30dfe5ee3.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "62721bb30dfe5ee3.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"cult": "lcsh:sh85148563", "desire": "lcsh:sh85037214", "idols and images": "lcsh:sh85064172", "intestines": "lcsh:sh85067581", "piety": "lcsh:sh85102064", "urinary bladder": "lcsh:sh85014724"}, "unit": "62721bb30dfe5ee3"}
+{"answer": ["Cult", "Piety"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "1a25d423fdb66ece", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Games", "Sewing"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_ba4e88ec8910", "question": {"candidates": ["Piety", "Games", "Cult", "Sewing"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are represented in the image \"1a25d423fdb66ece.jpg\", and which ones are not represented?", "topic": "1a25d423fdb66ece.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"cult": "lcsh:sh85148563", "games": "lcsh:sh85052948", "piety": "lcsh:sh85102064", "sewing": "lcsh:sh85120542"}, "unit": "1a25d423fdb66ece"}
+{"answer": ["Dangerously mentally ill", "Police services for the mentally ill", "Psychiatric hospital patients"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "8289513a04dc92bd", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Foot", "Prayer", "Psychology - History"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_df3715280663", "question": {"candidates": ["Foot", "Psychiatric hospital patients", "Psychology - History", "Dangerously mentally ill", "Police services for the mentally ill", "Prayer"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"8289513a04dc92bd.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "8289513a04dc92bd.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"dangerously mentally ill": "lcsh:sh00003167", "foot": "lcsh:sh85050352", "police services for the mentally ill": "lcsh:sh86005399", "prayer": "lcsh:sh85106113", "psychiatric hospital patients": "lcsh:sh85108352", "psychology - history": "lcsh:sh2010106351"}, "unit": "8289513a04dc92bd"}
+{"answer": ["Darenth", "Darenth Asylum and Schools"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "87da13f985a52cf8", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Franz Joseph Gall", "John the Apostle"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_e3f5d8963f94", "question": {"candidates": ["John the Apostle", "Darenth", "Darenth Asylum and Schools", "Franz Joseph Gall"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lc_names\" labels are shown in the image \"87da13f985a52cf8.jpg\", and which labels are not present in it?", "topic": "87da13f985a52cf8.jpg", "vocabulary": "lc_names"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"darenth": "lc_names:n99055814", "darenth asylum and schools": "lc_names:no2004084368", "franz joseph gall": "lc_names:n84179761", "john the apostle": "lc_names:n79060715"}, "unit": "87da13f985a52cf8"}
+{"answer": ["Daughters", "Families - Health and hygiene"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "ef2863e4dcad3559", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Church buildings", "Horses"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_629fbead23f5", "question": {"candidates": ["Daughters", "Families - Health and hygiene", "Church buildings", "Horses"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"ef2863e4dcad3559.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "ef2863e4dcad3559.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"church buildings": "lcsh:sh85025854", "daughters": "lcsh:sh85035899", "families - health and hygiene": "lcsh:sh85047013", "horses": "lcsh:sh85062160"}, "unit": "ef2863e4dcad3559"}
+{"answer": ["David", "Saul"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "dd19b74f423b6aea", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Marion Delorme", "Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_66c56a375fbb", "question": {"candidates": ["Saul", "Marion Delorme", "David", "Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lc_names\" labels are shown in the image \"dd19b74f423b6aea.jpg\", and which are not present in it?", "topic": "dd19b74f423b6aea.jpg", "vocabulary": "lc_names"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"david": "lc_names:n79055293", "marion delorme": "lc_names:nr93021259", "pitié-salpêtrière hospital": "lc_names:n50079462", "saul": "lc_names:n80079616"}, "unit": "dd19b74f423b6aea"}
+{"answer": ["Delusions", "Hallucinations", "Hearses (Vehicles)", "Hypochondriasis", "Medical fees", "Physicians", "Physicians - Salaries, etc.", "Skeleton"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "7085f20d47ba10e4", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Belief and doubt", "Europeans", "Flight", "Gesture", "Surgery, Operative", "Turks", "Veins", "Wounds and injuries - Treatment"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_e331f25b7992", "question": {"candidates": ["Belief and doubt", "Veins", "Skeleton", "Hypochondriasis", "Turks", "Gesture", "Hearses (Vehicles)", "Europeans", "Hallucinations", "Surgery, Operative", "Wounds and injuries - Treatment", "Physicians", "Delusions", "Physicians - Salaries, etc.", "Flight", "Medical fees"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are shown in the image \"7085f20d47ba10e4.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "7085f20d47ba10e4.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"belief and doubt": "lcsh:sh85013004", "delusions": "lcsh:sh87005620", "europeans": "lcsh:sh85045859", "flight": "lcsh:sh85049108", "gesture": "lcsh:sh85054727", "hallucinations": "lcsh:sh85058489", "hearses (vehicles)": "lcsh:sh85059630", "hypochondriasis": "lcsh:sh85063763", "medical fees": "lcsh:sh85082936", "physicians": "lcsh:sh85101610", "physicians - salaries, etc": "lcsh:sh85101623", "skeleton": "lcsh:sh85123119", "surgery, operative": "lcsh:sh85130782", "turks": "lcsh:sh85138915", "veins": "lcsh:sh85142544", "wounds and injuries - treatment": "lcsh:sh85148593"}, "unit": "7085f20d47ba10e4"}
+{"answer": ["Delusions", "Hallucinations", "Hearses (Vehicles)", "Medical fees", "Physicians", "Physicians - Salaries, etc.", "Skeleton"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "da7d3aa633c7c1d1", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Caribbean Region", "Hand", "Human Body", "Jews", "Perception", "Posture", "Psychology - History"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_2c27f84f6914", "question": {"candidates": ["Human Body", "Physicians", "Jews", "Skeleton", "Physicians - Salaries, etc.", "Caribbean Region", "Hand", "Medical fees", "Hallucinations", "Posture", "Hearses (Vehicles)", "Psychology - History", "Delusions", "Perception"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are shown in the image \"da7d3aa633c7c1d1.jpg\", and which are not present in it?", "topic": "da7d3aa633c7c1d1.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"caribbean region": "lcsh:sh85020279", "delusions": "lcsh:sh87005620", "hallucinations": "lcsh:sh85058489", "hand": "lcsh:sh85058615", "hearses (vehicles)": "lcsh:sh85059630", "human body": "lcsh:sh85015222", "jews": "lcsh:sh85070361", "medical fees": "lcsh:sh85082936", "perception": "lcsh:sh85099708", "physicians": "lcsh:sh85101610", "physicians - salaries, etc": "lcsh:sh85101623", "posture": "lcsh:sh85105571", "psychology - history": "lcsh:sh2010106351", "skeleton": "lcsh:sh85123119"}, "unit": "da7d3aa633c7c1d1"}
+{"answer": ["Depressed persons", "Devil", "House furnishings", "Mentally ill"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "47d7897859151eba", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Alternative medicine", "Beds", "Hydrocyanic acid", "Opium"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_adf68f228ba0", "question": {"candidates": ["Alternative medicine", "Hydrocyanic acid", "Depressed persons", "Devil", "Mentally ill", "Beds", "House furnishings", "Opium"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"47d7897859151eba.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "47d7897859151eba.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"alternative medicine": "lcsh:sh85134721", "beds": "lcsh:sh85012788", "depressed persons": "lcsh:sh90006105", "devil": "lcsh:sh85037376", "house furnishings": "lcsh:sh85062549", "hydrocyanic acid": "lcsh:sh85063385", "mentally ill": "lcsh:sh85083699", "opium": "lcsh:sh85095095"}, "unit": "47d7897859151eba"}
+{"answer": ["Depth Perception", "Gesture", "Human Body", "Perception", "Posture", "Psychology - History", "Spatial behavior", "Temperament"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "1dd525cbd3796ff7", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Animals - Symbolic aspects", "Children with mental disabilities", "Chiroptera", "Christianity and other religions - Greek", "Dream interpretation", "Games", "Mercury", "Skeleton"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_c7e8138ee64b", "question": {"candidates": ["Children with mental disabilities", "Perception", "Dream interpretation", "Depth Perception", "Gesture", "Skeleton", "Posture", "Human Body", "Chiroptera", "Psychology - History", "Spatial behavior", "Temperament", "Christianity and other religions - Greek", "Animals - Symbolic aspects", "Mercury", "Games"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"1dd525cbd3796ff7.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "1dd525cbd3796ff7.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"animals - symbolic aspects": "lcsh:sh89004021", "children with mental disabilities": "lcsh:sh85083683", "chiroptera": "lcsh:sh85012393", "christianity and other religions - greek": "lcsh:sh85025262", "depth perception": "lcsh:sh85125945", "dream interpretation": "lcsh:sh92004927", "games": "lcsh:sh85052948", "gesture": "lcsh:sh85054727", "human body": "lcsh:sh85015222", "mercury": "lcsh:sh85083794", "perception": "lcsh:sh85099708", "posture": "lcsh:sh85105571", "psychology - history": "lcsh:sh2010106351", "skeleton": "lcsh:sh85123119", "spatial behavior": "lcsh:sh85126348", "temperament": "lcsh:sh85133695"}, "unit": "1dd525cbd3796ff7"}
+{"answer": ["Desire", "Quietude"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "6a6d0b0a879e9501", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Delusions", "Nuns"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_b8c9fb5fc9b0", "question": {"candidates": ["Delusions", "Desire", "Nuns", "Quietude"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"6a6d0b0a879e9501.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "6a6d0b0a879e9501.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"delusions": "lcsh:sh87005620", "desire": "lcsh:sh85037214", "nuns": "lcsh:sh85093287", "quietude": "lcsh:sh85109846"}, "unit": "6a6d0b0a879e9501"}
+{"answer": ["Devil", "Intelligence", "Philosophy", "Psychology"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "7068f47a012bcbfd", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Brooms and brushes", "Married people", "Philistines", "Shoes"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_ca3e65edd62a", "question": {"candidates": ["Devil", "Brooms and brushes", "Philosophy", "Intelligence", "Married people", "Shoes", "Psychology", "Philistines"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"7068f47a012bcbfd.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "7068f47a012bcbfd.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"brooms and brushes": "lcsh:sh85017214", "devil": "lcsh:sh85037376", "intelligence": "lcsh:sh85067157", "married people": "lcsh:sh85063204", "philistines": "lcsh:sh85100807", "philosophy": "lcsh:sh85100849", "psychology": "lcsh:sh85108459", "shoes": "lcsh:sh85121735"}, "unit": "7068f47a012bcbfd"}
+{"answer": ["Disease", "Marasmus", "Mentally ill", "Sick children"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "86b1b75b581a21e3", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Anxiety", "Food", "Proportion (Anthropometry)", "Taste"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_84e1c8364b84", "question": {"candidates": ["Sick children", "Mentally ill", "Disease", "Proportion (Anthropometry)", "Anxiety", "Food", "Taste", "Marasmus"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"86b1b75b581a21e3.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "86b1b75b581a21e3.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"anxiety": "lcsh:sh85005835", "disease": "lcsh:sh85038411", "food": "lcsh:sh85050184", "marasmus": "lcsh:sh85080905", "mentally ill": "lcsh:sh85083699", "proportion (anthropometry)": "lcsh:sh85107538", "sick children": "lcsh:sh85122281", "taste": "lcsh:sh85132732"}, "unit": "86b1b75b581a21e3"}
+{"answer": ["Dream interpretation", "Gossip", "Older women", "Tea"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "8d0a9b96dc71e7ef", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Asylums", "Discipline", "Mothers", "Rites and ceremonies"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_8c60efcaa346", "question": {"candidates": ["Mothers", "Older women", "Asylums", "Tea", "Rites and ceremonies", "Dream interpretation", "Gossip", "Discipline"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"8d0a9b96dc71e7ef.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "8d0a9b96dc71e7ef.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"asylums": "lcsh:sh85009050", "discipline": "lcsh:sh85038329", "dream interpretation": "lcsh:sh92004927", "gossip": "lcsh:sh85055982", "mothers": "lcsh:sh85087526", "older women": "lcsh:sh85002160", "rites and ceremonies": "lcsh:sh85114211", "tea": "lcsh:sh85132924"}, "unit": "8d0a9b96dc71e7ef"}
+{"answer": ["Drowning", "Thames River (England)"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "b18c0153f63df07e", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Country life", "Hospital wards"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_4b8c07e4ffaf", "question": {"candidates": ["Thames River (England)", "Drowning", "Hospital wards", "Country life"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"b18c0153f63df07e.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "b18c0153f63df07e.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"country life": "lcsh:sh85033462", "drowning": "lcsh:sh85039668", "hospital wards": "lcsh:sh85062277", "thames river (england)": "lcsh:sh85134480"}, "unit": "b18c0153f63df07e"}
+{"answer": ["Dymphna", "Geel"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "6b8cd0f153dc2a98", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["George Howard Darwin", "Johann Spurzheim"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_e9581816924f", "question": {"candidates": ["George Howard Darwin", "Dymphna", "Geel", "Johann Spurzheim"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lc_names\" labels are shown in the image \"6b8cd0f153dc2a98.jpg\", and which are not present in it?", "topic": "6b8cd0f153dc2a98.jpg", "vocabulary": "lc_names"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"dymphna": "lc_names:n86858808", "geel": "lc_names:n79065754", "george howard darwin": "lc_names:n80008515", "johann spurzheim": "lc_names:n85056635"}, "unit": "6b8cd0f153dc2a98"}
+{"answer": ["Edward Somerset, 2nd Marquess of Worcester", "Hôpital Bicêtre", "Marion Delorme", "Salomon de Caus"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "6bcb4b8fb0055c70", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Francis of Assisi", "Gregory I", "Hugo van der Goes", "Mary Toft"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_6e0b8523d49d", "question": {"candidates": ["Gregory I", "Marion Delorme", "Salomon de Caus", "Hôpital Bicêtre", "Hugo van der Goes", "Edward Somerset, 2nd Marquess of Worcester", "Francis of Assisi", "Mary Toft"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lc_names\" labels are shown in the image \"6bcb4b8fb0055c70.jpg\", and which are not present in it?", "topic": "6bcb4b8fb0055c70.jpg", "vocabulary": "lc_names"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"edward somerset, 2nd marquess of worcester": "lc_names:n82222227", "francis of assisi": "lc_names:n78095603", "gregory i": "lc_names:n79056801", "hugo van der goes": "lc_names:n83227123", "hôpital bicêtre": "lc_names:n86003237", "marion delorme": "lc_names:nr93021259", "mary toft": "lc_names:n95011490", "salomon de caus": "lc_names:n85048784"}, "unit": "6bcb4b8fb0055c70"}
+{"answer": ["Esther", "Louis XIV of France", "Xerxes I"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "27b3395fc5e4146b", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Darenth Asylum and Schools", "Fulgence Raymond", "United Kingdom"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_7c34887c9e9c", "question": {"candidates": ["Fulgence Raymond", "Esther", "Louis XIV of France", "United Kingdom", "Xerxes I", "Darenth Asylum and Schools"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lc_names\" labels are shown in the image \"27b3395fc5e4146b.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "27b3395fc5e4146b.jpg", "vocabulary": "lc_names"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"darenth asylum and schools": "lc_names:no2004084368", "esther": "lc_names:n79109094", "fulgence raymond": "lc_names:no2008134951", "louis xiv of france": "lc_names:n80051801", "united kingdom": "lc_names:n79023147", "xerxes i": "lc_names:n81070675"}, "unit": "27b3395fc5e4146b"}
+{"answer": ["Ethiopians", "Europeans", "Mongols"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "aa692eea54b32767", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Hallucinations", "Medicine", "Self-defense"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_d50ab0f94cf3", "question": {"candidates": ["Europeans", "Hallucinations", "Mongols", "Medicine", "Ethiopians", "Self-defense"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"aa692eea54b32767.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "aa692eea54b32767.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"ethiopians": "lcsh:sh85045157", "europeans": "lcsh:sh85045859", "hallucinations": "lcsh:sh85058489", "medicine": "lcsh:sh85083064", "mongols": "lcsh:sh85086834", "self-defense": "lcsh:sh85119726"}, "unit": "aa692eea54b32767"}
+{"answer": ["Executions and executioners", "Husband and wife", "Judicial error", "Murder", "Trials"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "b5b64729ac17666c", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Begging", "Flowers", "Last words", "Milk", "Thermometers"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_5e493672117f", "question": {"candidates": ["Flowers", "Thermometers", "Milk", "Begging", "Last words", "Judicial error", "Trials", "Executions and executioners", "Murder", "Husband and wife"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"b5b64729ac17666c.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "b5b64729ac17666c.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"begging": "lcsh:sh85012883", "executions and executioners": "lcsh:sh85046276", "flowers": "lcsh:sh85049332", "husband and wife": "lcsh:sh85081522", "judicial error": "lcsh:sh85070946", "last words": "lcsh:sh85074832", "milk": "lcsh:sh85085317", "murder": "lcsh:sh85088613", "thermometers": "lcsh:sh85134802", "trials": "lcsh:sh85137328"}, "unit": "b5b64729ac17666c"}
+{"answer": ["Extreme unction", "Mourning customs", "Priests"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "4ce79c86391a53e6", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Anura", "Sheep", "Working class"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_7d1a73b921d7", "question": {"candidates": ["Priests", "Working class", "Mourning customs", "Sheep", "Anura", "Extreme unction"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"4ce79c86391a53e6.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "4ce79c86391a53e6.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"anura": "lcsh:sh85052057", "extreme unction": "lcsh:sh85046598", "mourning customs": "lcsh:sh85087976", "priests": "lcsh:sh85106637", "sheep": "lcsh:sh85121208", "working class": "lcsh:sh85073639"}, "unit": "4ce79c86391a53e6"}
+{"answer": ["Eyeglasses", "Older people", "Senses and sensation"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "1de862f9569cc4a4", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Furniture - France", "Puppets", "Rich people"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_a93868fb10ee", "question": {"candidates": ["Older people", "Puppets", "Furniture - France", "Eyeglasses", "Rich people", "Senses and sensation"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"1de862f9569cc4a4.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "1de862f9569cc4a4.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"eyeglasses": "lcsh:sh85046700", "furniture - france": "lcsh:sh2008121336", "older people": "lcsh:sh85002087", "puppets": "lcsh:sh85109144", "rich people": "lcsh:sh85141241", "senses and sensation": "lcsh:sh85120047"}, "unit": "1de862f9569cc4a4"}
+{"answer": ["Family", "Gout", "Pets", "Sick"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "cc0c0af77efa903d", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Fires", "Human behavior - Animal models", "Perception", "Working class"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_ede732fd5aff", "question": {"candidates": ["Family", "Gout", "Pets", "Human behavior - Animal models", "Working class", "Perception", "Sick", "Fires"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"cc0c0af77efa903d.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "cc0c0af77efa903d.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"family": "lcsh:sh85047009", "fires": "lcsh:sh85048449", "gout": "lcsh:sh85056029", "human behavior - animal models": "lcsh:sh85062840", "perception": "lcsh:sh85099708", "pets": "lcsh:sh85100482", "sick": "lcsh:sh85122266", "working class": "lcsh:sh85073639"}, "unit": "cc0c0af77efa903d"}
+{"answer": ["Fans", "Goats", "Staffs (Sticks, canes, etc.)"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "ac10c9a0361dc563", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Hallucinations", "Judicial error", "Surgeons"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_860fe41e11a0", "question": {"candidates": ["Judicial error", "Hallucinations", "Staffs (Sticks, canes, etc.)", "Fans", "Surgeons", "Goats"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"ac10c9a0361dc563.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "ac10c9a0361dc563.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"fans": "lcsh:sh85047104", "goats": "lcsh:sh85055494", "hallucinations": "lcsh:sh85058489", "judicial error": "lcsh:sh85070946", "staffs (sticks, canes, etc.)": "lcsh:sh85127230", "surgeons": "lcsh:sh85130761"}, "unit": "ac10c9a0361dc563"}
+{"answer": ["Farmers", "Ideals (Aesthetics)", "Nature and nurture", "Philosophers"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "58e25f604309349b", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Birds", "Lute", "Missionaries", "Touch"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_2d625c2a8b3c", "question": {"candidates": ["Missionaries", "Ideals (Aesthetics)", "Philosophers", "Farmers", "Nature and nurture", "Touch", "Birds", "Lute"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"58e25f604309349b.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "58e25f604309349b.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"birds": "lcsh:sh85014310", "farmers": "lcsh:sh85047270", "ideals (aesthetics)": "lcsh:sh85064133", "lute": "lcsh:sh85078975", "missionaries": "lcsh:sh85086017", "nature and nurture": "lcsh:sh85090282", "philosophers": "lcsh:sh85100836", "touch": "lcsh:sh85136234"}, "unit": "58e25f604309349b"}
+{"answer": ["Feathers", "Hospital beds", "Hospital wards", "Psychiatric hospital patients", "Sewing", "Women patients"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "3e8ac093a78df124", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Audiences", "Bandages", "Fighting dogs", "Lions", "Neurophysiology", "Panic"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_fd1935b6319d", "question": {"candidates": ["Bandages", "Audiences", "Hospital beds", "Feathers", "Hospital wards", "Psychiatric hospital patients", "Neurophysiology", "Lions", "Sewing", "Panic", "Fighting dogs", "Women patients"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"3e8ac093a78df124.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "3e8ac093a78df124.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"audiences": "lcsh:sh85009454", "bandages": "lcsh:sh85011479", "feathers": "lcsh:sh85047536", "fighting dogs": "lcsh:sh85048167", "hospital beds": "lcsh:sh85062236", "hospital wards": "lcsh:sh85062277", "lions": "lcsh:sh85077276", "neurophysiology": "lcsh:sh85091159", "panic": "lcsh:sh85097438", "psychiatric hospital patients": "lcsh:sh85108352", "sewing": "lcsh:sh85120542", "women patients": "lcsh:sh88006245"}, "unit": "3e8ac093a78df124"}
+{"answer": ["Fighting dogs", "Mentally ill children"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "b43e2ec2ac4e35a1", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Chairs", "Temperament"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_1ee02c0df4e5", "question": {"candidates": ["Chairs", "Temperament", "Mentally ill children", "Fighting dogs"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are represented in the image \"b43e2ec2ac4e35a1.jpg\", and which are not?", "topic": "b43e2ec2ac4e35a1.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"chairs": "lcsh:sh85022351", "fighting dogs": "lcsh:sh85048167", "mentally ill children": "lcsh:sh85083713", "temperament": "lcsh:sh85133695"}, "unit": "b43e2ec2ac4e35a1"}
+{"answer": ["Flight", "Metamorphosis, Biological"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "14ec48780847029f", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Blood", "Wounds and Injuries"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_b01ecd7a8e04", "question": {"candidates": ["Metamorphosis, Biological", "Blood", "Flight", "Wounds and Injuries"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"14ec48780847029f.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "14ec48780847029f.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"blood": "lcsh:sh85014927", "flight": "lcsh:sh85049108", "metamorphosis, biological": "lcsh:sh85084271", "wounds and injuries": "lcsh:sh85148589"}, "unit": "14ec48780847029f"}
+{"answer": ["Flowers", "Gardeners", "Senses and sensation", "Smell"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "bb1dc746ed291bff", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Artists' models", "Human Body", "Leg", "Statues"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_e654c214dcac", "question": {"candidates": ["Artists' models", "Human Body", "Flowers", "Smell", "Gardeners", "Leg", "Senses and sensation", "Statues"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"bb1dc746ed291bff.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "bb1dc746ed291bff.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"artists' models": "lcsh:sh85086427", "flowers": "lcsh:sh85049332", "gardeners": "lcsh:sh85053087", "human body": "lcsh:sh85015222", "leg": "lcsh:sh85075709", "senses and sensation": "lcsh:sh85120047", "smell": "lcsh:sh85123629", "statues": "lcsh:sh85127595"}, "unit": "bb1dc746ed291bff"}
+{"answer": ["Food", "Older people", "Senses and sensation", "Taste", "Vegetables"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "a8dc49a673b28bf8", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Audiences", "Ideals (Aesthetics)", "Mania", "Psychoanalysts", "Witchcraft"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_eed54b45b8f7", "question": {"candidates": ["Audiences", "Mania", "Senses and sensation", "Psychoanalysts", "Taste", "Witchcraft", "Older people", "Food", "Ideals (Aesthetics)", "Vegetables"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"a8dc49a673b28bf8.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "a8dc49a673b28bf8.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"audiences": "lcsh:sh85009454", "food": "lcsh:sh85050184", "ideals (aesthetics)": "lcsh:sh85064133", "mania": "lcsh:sh96000104", "older people": "lcsh:sh85002087", "psychoanalysts": "lcsh:sh85108422", "senses and sensation": "lcsh:sh85120047", "taste": "lcsh:sh85132732", "vegetables": "lcsh:sh85142489", "witchcraft": "lcsh:sh85147143"}, "unit": "a8dc49a673b28bf8"}
+{"answer": ["Fountains", "Gardens"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "21af634415e138f2", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Mass Behavior", "Selling - Drugs"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_32fe5616155a", "question": {"candidates": ["Fountains", "Gardens", "Mass Behavior", "Selling - Drugs"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"21af634415e138f2.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "21af634415e138f2.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"fountains": "lcsh:sh85051067", "gardens": "lcsh:sh85053101", "mass behavior": "lcsh:sh85028094", "selling - drugs": "lcsh:sh88000087"}, "unit": "21af634415e138f2"}
+{"answer": ["France", "Franz Joseph Gall", "Louis-Philippe I"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "7e2bf7fe0adb85cb", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Carlo Goldoni", "Charles", "Hôpital Bicêtre"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_a0ffca97ebcd", "question": {"candidates": ["Carlo Goldoni", "Hôpital Bicêtre", "Louis-Philippe I", "France", "Charles", "Franz Joseph Gall"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lc_names\" labels are shown in the image \"7e2bf7fe0adb85cb.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "7e2bf7fe0adb85cb.jpg", "vocabulary": "lc_names"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"carlo goldoni": "lc_names:n79046263", "charles": "lc_names:n78081777", "france": "lc_names:n79006404", "franz joseph gall": "lc_names:n84179761", "hôpital bicêtre": "lc_names:n86003237", "louis-philippe i": "lc_names:n50080625"}, "unit": "7e2bf7fe0adb85cb"}
+{"answer": ["Francis of Assisi", "Gregory I"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "b76522006d5b219a", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Franz Joseph Gall", "Marie Wittman"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_77f15b563b99", "question": {"candidates": ["Marie Wittman", "Franz Joseph Gall", "Francis of Assisi", "Gregory I"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lc_names\" labels are shown in the image \"b76522006d5b219a.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "b76522006d5b219a.jpg", "vocabulary": "lc_names"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"francis of assisi": "lc_names:n78095603", "franz joseph gall": "lc_names:n84179761", "gregory i": "lc_names:n79056801", "marie wittman": "lc_names:n2005089201"}, "unit": "b76522006d5b219a"}
+{"answer": ["Franz Joseph Gall", "George Combe"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "57ad3d005b1f7e69", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Hall, Martha", "Morgan"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_9a899d24ad3c", "question": {"candidates": ["Franz Joseph Gall", "Hall, Martha", "George Combe", "Morgan"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lc_names\" labels are covered by the image \"57ad3d005b1f7e69.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "57ad3d005b1f7e69.jpg", "vocabulary": "lc_names"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"franz joseph gall": "lc_names:n84179761", "george combe": "lc_names:n80094370", "hall, martha": "lc_names:n99052568", "morgan": "lc_names:n85117465"}, "unit": "57ad3d005b1f7e69"}
+{"answer": ["Franz Joseph Gall", "Johann Spurzheim"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "123c9fa8b7d81632", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Jean-Martin Charcot", "Salomon de Caus"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_cd0eed4379f3", "question": {"candidates": ["Franz Joseph Gall", "Jean-Martin Charcot", "Johann Spurzheim", "Salomon de Caus"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lc_names\" labels are covered by the image \"123c9fa8b7d81632.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "123c9fa8b7d81632.jpg", "vocabulary": "lc_names"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"franz joseph gall": "lc_names:n84179761", "jean-martin charcot": "lc_names:n79065894", "johann spurzheim": "lc_names:n85056635", "salomon de caus": "lc_names:n85048784"}, "unit": "123c9fa8b7d81632"}
+{"answer": ["Franz Joseph Gall", "Johann Spurzheim"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "89fbb9b170914751", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Bellevue Hospital Center", "Chrysippus of Soli"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_14d149ddc05c", "question": {"candidates": ["Bellevue Hospital Center", "Franz Joseph Gall", "Chrysippus of Soli", "Johann Spurzheim"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lc_names\" labels are covered by the image \"89fbb9b170914751.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "89fbb9b170914751.jpg", "vocabulary": "lc_names"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"bellevue hospital center": "lc_names:n50052200", "chrysippus of soli": "lc_names:nr94013919", "franz joseph gall": "lc_names:n84179761", "johann spurzheim": "lc_names:n85056635"}, "unit": "89fbb9b170914751"}
+{"answer": ["Franz Joseph Gall", "Johann Spurzheim"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "e885fbef22e82d9e", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Adam", "Eve"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_d066882c79e7", "question": {"candidates": ["Franz Joseph Gall", "Adam", "Johann Spurzheim", "Eve"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lc_names\" labels are covered by the image \"e885fbef22e82d9e.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "e885fbef22e82d9e.jpg", "vocabulary": "lc_names"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"adam": "lc_names:n82025265", "eve": "lc_names:n82025264", "franz joseph gall": "lc_names:n84179761", "johann spurzheim": "lc_names:n85056635"}, "unit": "e885fbef22e82d9e"}
+{"answer": ["Fulgence Raymond", "Jean-Martin Charcot", "Joseph Babinski", "Marie Wittman", "Paris", "Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital", "Édouard Brissaud"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "be0cbaa0ee771028", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Brussels", "Dymphna", "Geel", "Historical Jesus", "Jean Calas", "Johannes Clauberg", "South Africa"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_7cd594b0885c", "question": {"candidates": ["Historical Jesus", "South Africa", "Brussels", "Marie Wittman", "Jean Calas", "Joseph Babinski", "Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital", "Édouard Brissaud", "Dymphna", "Paris", "Jean-Martin Charcot", "Geel", "Fulgence Raymond", "Johannes Clauberg"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lc_names\" labels are shown by the image \"be0cbaa0ee771028.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "be0cbaa0ee771028.jpg", "vocabulary": "lc_names"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"brussels": "lc_names:n79013830", "dymphna": "lc_names:n86858808", "fulgence raymond": "lc_names:no2008134951", "geel": "lc_names:n79065754", "historical jesus": "lc_names:n79084784", "jean calas": "lc_names:n89103482", "jean-martin charcot": "lc_names:n79065894", "johannes clauberg": "lc_names:n89147138", "joseph babinski": "lc_names:nr2001018228", "marie wittman": "lc_names:n2005089201", "paris": "lc_names:n79058874", "pitié-salpêtrière hospital": "lc_names:n50079462", "south africa": "lc_names:n79023005", "édouard brissaud": "lc_names:no2008011330"}, "unit": "be0cbaa0ee771028"}
+{"answer": ["Funeral rites and ceremonies", "Nuns"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "795da4a5581c5eb7", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Artists' preparatory studies", "Smell"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_4e298b2783c0", "question": {"candidates": ["Nuns", "Smell", "Funeral rites and ceremonies", "Artists' preparatory studies"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"795da4a5581c5eb7.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "795da4a5581c5eb7.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"artists' preparatory studies": "lcsh:sh85008314", "funeral rites and ceremonies": "lcsh:sh85052380", "nuns": "lcsh:sh85093287", "smell": "lcsh:sh85123629"}, "unit": "795da4a5581c5eb7"}
+{"answer": ["Gardeners", "Wheelbarrows"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "50f3a4115b644fd6", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Marasmus", "Psychology - History"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_2ccaf027be2f", "question": {"candidates": ["Wheelbarrows", "Marasmus", "Psychology - History", "Gardeners"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"50f3a4115b644fd6.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "50f3a4115b644fd6.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"gardeners": "lcsh:sh85053087", "marasmus": "lcsh:sh85080905", "psychology - history": "lcsh:sh2010106351", "wheelbarrows": "lcsh:sh91000863"}, "unit": "50f3a4115b644fd6"}
+{"answer": ["Geometry", "Proportion (Anthropometry)"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "db298bfabeb31ac7", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Psychotherapist and patient", "Superstitions"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_6096f95f575d", "question": {"candidates": ["Geometry", "Superstitions", "Psychotherapist and patient", "Proportion (Anthropometry)"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"db298bfabeb31ac7.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "db298bfabeb31ac7.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"geometry": "lcsh:sh85054133", "proportion (anthropometry)": "lcsh:sh85107538", "psychotherapist and patient": "lcsh:sh85108509", "superstitions": "lcsh:sh85130658"}, "unit": "db298bfabeb31ac7"}
+{"answer": ["George Howard Darwin", "South Africa"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "49f915e67d633a16", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Cleopatra", "Thomas Hollis"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_a507503278a8", "question": {"candidates": ["Thomas Hollis", "George Howard Darwin", "South Africa", "Cleopatra"], "text": "Which of the candidate lc_names labels are covered by the image \"49f915e67d633a16.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "49f915e67d633a16.jpg", "vocabulary": "lc_names"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"cleopatra": "lc_names:n80067160", "george howard darwin": "lc_names:n80008515", "south africa": "lc_names:n79023005", "thomas hollis": "lc_names:n89672140"}, "unit": "49f915e67d633a16"}
+{"answer": ["Graphite drawings", "Portrait drawings"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "aace25a137cae6c8", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Gouaches", "Photomechanical prints"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_1ab5309a302b", "question": {"candidates": ["Portrait drawings", "Photomechanical prints", "Gouaches", "Graphite drawings"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"wellcome_genre\" labels are covered by the image \"aace25a137cae6c8.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "aace25a137cae6c8.jpg", "vocabulary": "wellcome_genre"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"gouaches": "wellcome_genre:gouaches", "graphite drawings": "wellcome_genre:graphite drawings", "photomechanical prints": "wellcome_genre:photomechanical prints", "portrait drawings": "wellcome_genre:portrait drawings"}, "unit": "aace25a137cae6c8"}
+{"answer": ["Guilt", "Politicians", "Regret"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "72e1cba09e04609d", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Benevolence", "House furnishings", "Plague"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_df20bf20a061", "question": {"candidates": ["Benevolence", "Regret", "House furnishings", "Guilt", "Plague", "Politicians"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"72e1cba09e04609d.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "72e1cba09e04609d.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"benevolence": "lcsh:sh85013139", "guilt": "lcsh:sh85057753", "house furnishings": "lcsh:sh85062549", "plague": "lcsh:sh85102591", "politicians": "lcsh:sh85104461", "regret": "lcsh:sh90002643"}, "unit": "72e1cba09e04609d"}
+{"answer": ["Happiness", "Horses", "Lions", "Muscles", "Physiology, Comparative", "Quietude"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "de42a246a377172d", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Hospitals - France", "Missionaries", "Psychiatrists", "Pulse", "Rich people", "Stigmatization"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_9288520f464d", "question": {"candidates": ["Quietude", "Missionaries", "Horses", "Rich people", "Pulse", "Stigmatization", "Lions", "Physiology, Comparative", "Muscles", "Hospitals - France", "Psychiatrists", "Happiness"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"de42a246a377172d.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "de42a246a377172d.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"happiness": "lcsh:sh85058807", "horses": "lcsh:sh85062160", "hospitals - france": "lcsh:sh2009126525", "lions": "lcsh:sh85077276", "missionaries": "lcsh:sh85086017", "muscles": "lcsh:sh85088687", "physiology, comparative": "lcsh:sh85101681", "psychiatrists": "lcsh:sh85108377", "pulse": "lcsh:sh85109028", "quietude": "lcsh:sh85109846", "rich people": "lcsh:sh85141241", "stigmatization": "lcsh:sh85128110"}, "unit": "de42a246a377172d"}
+{"answer": ["Hate", "Jealousy"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "358c9953edefd691", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Beak", "Spider webs"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_7a2da3e1f8d9", "question": {"candidates": ["Hate", "Jealousy", "Beak", "Spider webs"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"358c9953edefd691.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "358c9953edefd691.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"beak": "lcsh:sh85014034", "hate": "lcsh:sh85059272", "jealousy": "lcsh:sh85069852", "spider webs": "lcsh:sh85126624"}, "unit": "358c9953edefd691"}
+{"answer": ["Head - Wounds and injuries", "Psychiatrists", "Psychoanalysts", "Psychotherapist and patient"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "c65ab9ffb37cf052", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Beneficence", "Cult", "Litters", "Sadness"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_b62870b92825", "question": {"candidates": ["Beneficence", "Psychoanalysts", "Litters", "Psychotherapist and patient", "Cult", "Psychiatrists", "Head - Wounds and injuries", "Sadness"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"c65ab9ffb37cf052.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "c65ab9ffb37cf052.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"beneficence": "lcsh:sh85022672", "cult": "lcsh:sh85148563", "head - wounds and injuries": "lcsh:sh85059478", "litters": "lcsh:sh85077674", "psychiatrists": "lcsh:sh85108377", "psychoanalysts": "lcsh:sh85108422", "psychotherapist and patient": "lcsh:sh85108509", "sadness": "lcsh:sh85116428"}, "unit": "c65ab9ffb37cf052"}
+{"answer": ["Hearing", "Smell", "Taste", "Touch"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "fe8ad29c505cfd55", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Biology - History", "Chains", "Devil", "Funeral rites and ceremonies"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_6fac3faed0fc", "question": {"candidates": ["Smell", "Biology - History", "Chains", "Taste", "Devil", "Touch", "Funeral rites and ceremonies", "Hearing"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"fe8ad29c505cfd55.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "fe8ad29c505cfd55.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"biology - history": "lcsh:sh2007102005", "chains": "lcsh:sh85022343", "devil": "lcsh:sh85037376", "funeral rites and ceremonies": "lcsh:sh85052380", "hearing": "lcsh:sh85059612", "smell": "lcsh:sh85123629", "taste": "lcsh:sh85132732", "touch": "lcsh:sh85136234"}, "unit": "fe8ad29c505cfd55"}
+{"answer": ["House furnishings", "Medical consultation", "Neuroses", "Obesity", "Physician and patient"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "ba9dfc0579fa06cf", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Delusions", "Medical fees", "Metamorphosis, Biological", "Mongols", "Physicians - Salaries, etc."], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_09674848e766", "question": {"candidates": ["Medical consultation", "Obesity", "Neuroses", "Mongols", "Delusions", "Metamorphosis, Biological", "House furnishings", "Physicians - Salaries, etc.", "Medical fees", "Physician and patient"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"ba9dfc0579fa06cf.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "ba9dfc0579fa06cf.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"delusions": "lcsh:sh87005620", "house furnishings": "lcsh:sh85062549", "medical consultation": "lcsh:sh85082909", "medical fees": "lcsh:sh85082936", "metamorphosis, biological": "lcsh:sh85084271", "mongols": "lcsh:sh85086834", "neuroses": "lcsh:sh85091169", "obesity": "lcsh:sh85093646", "physician and patient": "lcsh:sh85101608", "physicians - salaries, etc": "lcsh:sh85101623"}, "unit": "ba9dfc0579fa06cf"}
+{"answer": ["Human anatomy", "Intestine, Small", "Intestines", "Lymphatic System", "Urinary Bladder", "Urinary Tract"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "3614a18ea3086772", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Consuls", "Headgear", "Music Therapy", "Nature and nurture", "Neurophysiology", "Persons with Intellectual Disabilities"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_04dc3dde330d", "question": {"candidates": ["Nature and nurture", "Consuls", "Human anatomy", "Intestines", "Persons with Intellectual Disabilities", "Urinary Tract", "Urinary Bladder", "Lymphatic System", "Music Therapy", "Headgear", "Intestine, Small", "Neurophysiology"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"3614a18ea3086772.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "3614a18ea3086772.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"consuls": "lcsh:sh85031467", "headgear": "lcsh:sh85059483", "human anatomy": "lcsh:sh85004839", "intestine, small": "lcsh:sh85067575", "intestines": "lcsh:sh85067581", "lymphatic system": "lcsh:sh85079132", "music therapy": "lcsh:sh85088942", "nature and nurture": "lcsh:sh85090282", "neurophysiology": "lcsh:sh85091159", "persons with intellectual disabilities": "lcsh:sh85083667", "urinary bladder": "lcsh:sh85014724", "urinary tract": "lcsh:sh85141406"}, "unit": "3614a18ea3086772"}
+{"answer": ["Hypnosis", "Hysteria", "Students", "Teaching"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "be0cbaa0ee771028", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Entertainers", "Performing arts", "Snakes", "Traveling sales personnel"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_cece2d2e86ee", "question": {"candidates": ["Entertainers", "Teaching", "Snakes", "Hysteria", "Traveling sales personnel", "Performing arts", "Students", "Hypnosis"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"be0cbaa0ee771028.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "be0cbaa0ee771028.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"entertainers": "lcsh:sh85044098", "hypnosis": "lcsh:sh85063752", "hysteria": "lcsh:sh85063851", "performing arts": "lcsh:sh85099818", "snakes": "lcsh:sh85123727", "students": "lcsh:sh85129296", "teaching": "lcsh:sh85133052", "traveling sales personnel": "lcsh:sh85137177"}, "unit": "be0cbaa0ee771028"}
+{"answer": ["Ideals (Aesthetics)", "Nose"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "29d5e757b8218aa4", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Devil", "Folly"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_a565aeb4849f", "question": {"candidates": ["Folly", "Ideals (Aesthetics)", "Nose", "Devil"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"29d5e757b8218aa4.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "29d5e757b8218aa4.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"devil": "lcsh:sh85037376", "folly": "lcsh:sh85050159", "ideals (aesthetics)": "lcsh:sh85064133", "nose": "lcsh:sh85092748"}, "unit": "29d5e757b8218aa4"}
+{"answer": ["Ideals (Aesthetics)", "Proportion (Anthropometry)", "Ugliness"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "11bcf1e24cb40b9b", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Church buildings", "Psychiatric hospital patients", "Psychiatric hospital patients - Restraint"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_b4b808789564", "question": {"candidates": ["Church buildings", "Psychiatric hospital patients - Restraint", "Ugliness", "Ideals (Aesthetics)", "Proportion (Anthropometry)", "Psychiatric hospital patients"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"11bcf1e24cb40b9b.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "11bcf1e24cb40b9b.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"church buildings": "lcsh:sh85025854", "ideals (aesthetics)": "lcsh:sh85064133", "proportion (anthropometry)": "lcsh:sh85107538", "psychiatric hospital patients": "lcsh:sh85108352", "psychiatric hospital patients - restraint": "lcsh:sh85108353", "ugliness": "lcsh:sh85139310"}, "unit": "11bcf1e24cb40b9b"}
+{"answer": ["Intelligence", "Philosophy", "Psychology", "Will"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "699af2f36ed8b7bc", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Body armor", "Methodism", "Patriotism", "Religion"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_8188f42497f4", "question": {"candidates": ["Methodism", "Will", "Patriotism", "Psychology", "Philosophy", "Intelligence", "Body armor", "Religion"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"699af2f36ed8b7bc.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "699af2f36ed8b7bc.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"body armor": "lcsh:sh91001223", "intelligence": "lcsh:sh85067157", "methodism": "lcsh:sh85084392", "patriotism": "lcsh:sh85098765", "philosophy": "lcsh:sh85100849", "psychology": "lcsh:sh85108459", "religion": "lcsh:sh85112549", "will": "lcsh:sh85146775"}, "unit": "699af2f36ed8b7bc"}
+{"answer": ["John Copley, 1st Baron Lyndhurst", "John Russell, 1st Earl Russell", "United Kingdom", "William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "c21f94b6354ca8d1", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["David", "New York City", "Saul", "St Paul's Cathedral"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_e1d955b52212", "question": {"candidates": ["William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne", "St Paul's Cathedral", "New York City", "John Russell, 1st Earl Russell", "United Kingdom", "John Copley, 1st Baron Lyndhurst", "Saul", "David"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lc_names\" labels are shown in the image \"c21f94b6354ca8d1.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "c21f94b6354ca8d1.jpg", "vocabulary": "lc_names"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"david": "lc_names:n79055293", "john copley, 1st baron lyndhurst": "lc_names:n85052204", "john russell, 1st earl russell": "lc_names:n50022415", "new york city": "lc_names:n79007751", "saul": "lc_names:n80079616", "st paul's cathedral": "lc_names:n79086816", "united kingdom": "lc_names:n79023147", "william lamb, 2nd viscount melbourne": "lc_names:n79017992"}, "unit": "c21f94b6354ca8d1"}
+{"answer": ["John the Apostle", "Mary"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "81328314d57ab084", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["John Russell, 1st Earl Russell", "William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_a45ae9faf5e7", "question": {"candidates": ["John Russell, 1st Earl Russell", "William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne", "John the Apostle", "Mary"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lc_names\" labels are covered by the image \"81328314d57ab084.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "81328314d57ab084.jpg", "vocabulary": "lc_names"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"john russell, 1st earl russell": "lc_names:n50022415", "john the apostle": "lc_names:n79060715", "mary": "lc_names:n81018544", "william lamb, 2nd viscount melbourne": "lc_names:n79017992"}, "unit": "81328314d57ab084"}
+{"answer": ["Kings and rulers", "Marriage law", "Syncope"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "27b3395fc5e4146b", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Feathers", "Hospital beds", "Intelligence"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_0db6ddae5661", "question": {"candidates": ["Kings and rulers", "Hospital beds", "Feathers", "Syncope", "Marriage law", "Intelligence"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"27b3395fc5e4146b.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "27b3395fc5e4146b.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"feathers": "lcsh:sh85047536", "hospital beds": "lcsh:sh85062236", "intelligence": "lcsh:sh85067157", "kings and rulers": "lcsh:sh85072413", "marriage law": "lcsh:sh85081508", "syncope": "lcsh:sh85131622"}, "unit": "27b3395fc5e4146b"}
+{"answer": ["Last words", "Reading", "Rites and ceremonies"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "6ac14a9a038f4dd9", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Geometry", "Learning and scholarship", "Taste"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_a18110b904d7", "question": {"candidates": ["Last words", "Reading", "Learning and scholarship", "Taste", "Rites and ceremonies", "Geometry"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"6ac14a9a038f4dd9.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "6ac14a9a038f4dd9.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"geometry": "lcsh:sh85054133", "last words": "lcsh:sh85074832", "learning and scholarship": "lcsh:sh85075529", "reading": "lcsh:sh85111662", "rites and ceremonies": "lcsh:sh85114211", "taste": "lcsh:sh85132732"}, "unit": "6ac14a9a038f4dd9"}
+{"answer": ["Mania", "Mentally ill women"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "45cec1f8cb5a8572", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Rites and ceremonies", "Ugliness"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_5338464682a5", "question": {"candidates": ["Mentally ill women", "Mania", "Rites and ceremonies", "Ugliness"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"45cec1f8cb5a8572.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "45cec1f8cb5a8572.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"mania": "lcsh:sh96000104", "mentally ill women": "lcsh:sh92001695", "rites and ceremonies": "lcsh:sh85114211", "ugliness": "lcsh:sh85139310"}, "unit": "45cec1f8cb5a8572"}
+{"answer": ["Masks", "Temperament"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "9c05dacebfe173df", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Dangerously mentally ill", "Easels"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_ababbbe05f15", "question": {"candidates": ["Masks", "Dangerously mentally ill", "Easels", "Temperament"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"9c05dacebfe173df.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "9c05dacebfe173df.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"dangerously mentally ill": "lcsh:sh00003167", "easels": "lcsh:sh85040513", "masks": "lcsh:sh85081817", "temperament": "lcsh:sh85133695"}, "unit": "9c05dacebfe173df"}
+{"answer": ["Mentally ill", "Music Therapy"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "f79ed86857767b3a", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Applied ethics", "Syncope"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_ac105ab8a2b9", "question": {"candidates": ["Mentally ill", "Music Therapy", "Syncope", "Applied ethics"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"f79ed86857767b3a.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "f79ed86857767b3a.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"applied ethics": "lcsh:sh85030802", "mentally ill": "lcsh:sh85083699", "music therapy": "lcsh:sh85088942", "syncope": "lcsh:sh85131622"}, "unit": "f79ed86857767b3a"}
+{"answer": ["Mokuhanga", "Woodcuts"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "2ce62890310208d3", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Photomechanical prints", "Postcards"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_c805eb245f04", "question": {"candidates": ["Woodcuts", "Mokuhanga", "Photomechanical prints", "Postcards"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"wellcome_genre\" labels are covered by the image \"2ce62890310208d3.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "2ce62890310208d3.jpg", "vocabulary": "wellcome_genre"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"mokuhanga": "wellcome_genre:mokuhanga", "photomechanical prints": "wellcome_genre:photomechanical prints", "postcards": "wellcome_genre:postcards", "woodcuts": "wellcome_genre:woodcuts"}, "unit": "2ce62890310208d3"}
+{"answer": ["Muscle strength", "Philistines"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "34d5c84df3b40297", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Anxiety", "Quietude"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_a1c5dfa2d93b", "question": {"candidates": ["Philistines", "Anxiety", "Muscle strength", "Quietude"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"34d5c84df3b40297.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "34d5c84df3b40297.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"anxiety": "lcsh:sh85005835", "muscle strength": "lcsh:sh85088685", "philistines": "lcsh:sh85100807", "quietude": "lcsh:sh85109846"}, "unit": "34d5c84df3b40297"}
+{"answer": ["Nature and nurture", "Persons with Intellectual Disabilities"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "65e06392b6c2630e", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Down Syndrome", "Stigmatization"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_1167c8b359bc", "question": {"candidates": ["Stigmatization", "Persons with Intellectual Disabilities", "Down Syndrome", "Nature and nurture"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"65e06392b6c2630e.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "65e06392b6c2630e.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"down syndrome": "lcsh:sh85039232", "nature and nurture": "lcsh:sh85090282", "persons with intellectual disabilities": "lcsh:sh85083667", "stigmatization": "lcsh:sh85128110"}, "unit": "65e06392b6c2630e"}
+{"answer": ["Neurophysiology", "Psychology - History"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "06cb6cfebe7f1300", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Funeral rites and ceremonies", "Hearses (Vehicles)"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_ee309b48b21f", "question": {"candidates": ["Neurophysiology", "Hearses (Vehicles)", "Funeral rites and ceremonies", "Psychology - History"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"06cb6cfebe7f1300.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "06cb6cfebe7f1300.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"funeral rites and ceremonies": "lcsh:sh85052380", "hearses (vehicles)": "lcsh:sh85059630", "neurophysiology": "lcsh:sh85091159", "psychology - history": "lcsh:sh2010106351"}, "unit": "06cb6cfebe7f1300"}
+{"answer": ["Neurophysiology", "Psychology - History"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "90f50a0d0f873804", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Mentally ill", "Mentally ill women"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_b3663d9ff851", "question": {"candidates": ["Mentally ill women", "Mentally ill", "Psychology - History", "Neurophysiology"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are shown in the image \"90f50a0d0f873804.jpg\", and which are not shown?", "topic": "90f50a0d0f873804.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"mentally ill": "lcsh:sh85083699", "mentally ill women": "lcsh:sh92001695", "neurophysiology": "lcsh:sh85091159", "psychology - history": "lcsh:sh2010106351"}, "unit": "90f50a0d0f873804"}
+{"answer": ["Nose", "Scholars"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "39fe2c97b48152f9", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Gossip", "Nuns"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_0c757058f910", "question": {"candidates": ["Nose", "Scholars", "Nuns", "Gossip"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"39fe2c97b48152f9.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "39fe2c97b48152f9.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"gossip": "lcsh:sh85055982", "nose": "lcsh:sh85092748", "nuns": "lcsh:sh85093287", "scholars": "lcsh:sh85118236"}, "unit": "39fe2c97b48152f9"}
+{"answer": ["Old age", "Ugliness"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "5a1e5b4bdd74a7d2", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Drowning", "Marasmus"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_cee2afe0aad4", "question": {"candidates": ["Drowning", "Old age", "Marasmus", "Ugliness"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"5a1e5b4bdd74a7d2.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "5a1e5b4bdd74a7d2.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"drowning": "lcsh:sh85039668", "marasmus": "lcsh:sh85080905", "old age": "lcsh:sh85094506", "ugliness": "lcsh:sh85139310"}, "unit": "5a1e5b4bdd74a7d2"}
+{"answer": ["Patients", "Physicians"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "123c9fa8b7d81632", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Eyeglasses", "Older people"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_16d639ea745a", "question": {"candidates": ["Older people", "Eyeglasses", "Patients", "Physicians"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"123c9fa8b7d81632.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "123c9fa8b7d81632.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"eyeglasses": "lcsh:sh85046700", "older people": "lcsh:sh85002087", "patients": "lcsh:sh85098709", "physicians": "lcsh:sh85101610"}, "unit": "123c9fa8b7d81632"}
+{"answer": ["Persons with Intellectual Disabilities", "Pride and vanity"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "db3d58881f899340", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Gardeners", "Head - Wounds and injuries"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_8f5fb7556ed4", "question": {"candidates": ["Pride and vanity", "Persons with Intellectual Disabilities", "Gardeners", "Head - Wounds and injuries"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are represented by the image \"db3d58881f899340.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "db3d58881f899340.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"gardeners": "lcsh:sh85053087", "head - wounds and injuries": "lcsh:sh85059478", "persons with intellectual disabilities": "lcsh:sh85083667", "pride and vanity": "lcsh:sh85106629"}, "unit": "db3d58881f899340"}
+{"answer": ["Photomechanical prints", "Postcards"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "c65ab9ffb37cf052", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Diagrams", "Electronic journals"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_1f50f9a456ef", "question": {"candidates": ["Diagrams", "Postcards", "Photomechanical prints", "Electronic journals"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"wellcome_genre\" labels are covered by the image \"c65ab9ffb37cf052.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "c65ab9ffb37cf052.jpg", "vocabulary": "wellcome_genre"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"diagrams": "wellcome_genre:diagrams", "electronic journals": "wellcome_genre:electronic journals", "photomechanical prints": "wellcome_genre:photomechanical prints", "postcards": "wellcome_genre:postcards"}, "unit": "c65ab9ffb37cf052"}
+{"answer": ["Physician and patient", "Wigs"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "7e2bf7fe0adb85cb", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Cult", "Posture in worship"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_5ccdb66852a9", "question": {"candidates": ["Physician and patient", "Posture in worship", "Wigs", "Cult"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"7e2bf7fe0adb85cb.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "7e2bf7fe0adb85cb.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"cult": "lcsh:sh85148563", "physician and patient": "lcsh:sh85101608", "posture in worship": "lcsh:sh85105576", "wigs": "lcsh:sh85146645"}, "unit": "7e2bf7fe0adb85cb"}
+{"answer": ["Plague", "Surgeons"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "e43bffc25aaffcca", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Medical consultation", "Physicians"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_24ce69b8ab6a", "question": {"candidates": ["Surgeons", "Plague", "Physicians", "Medical consultation"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"e43bffc25aaffcca.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "e43bffc25aaffcca.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"medical consultation": "lcsh:sh85082909", "physicians": "lcsh:sh85101610", "plague": "lcsh:sh85102591", "surgeons": "lcsh:sh85130761"}, "unit": "e43bffc25aaffcca"}
+{"answer": ["Posture", "Vases"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "b18c236b102ef060", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Goats", "Interior architecture"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_3e1cba445901", "question": {"candidates": ["Goats", "Posture", "Interior architecture", "Vases"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"b18c236b102ef060.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "b18c236b102ef060.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"goats": "lcsh:sh85055494", "interior architecture": "lcsh:sh85067271", "posture": "lcsh:sh85105571", "vases": "lcsh:sh85142374"}, "unit": "b18c236b102ef060"}
+{"answer": ["Psychiatric hospital patients", "Psychiatric hospital patients - Restraint", "Psychiatric hospital patients - Seclusion"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "6bcb4b8fb0055c70", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Drawing books", "Marriage law", "Physicians"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_299b9267647d", "question": {"candidates": ["Drawing books", "Physicians", "Psychiatric hospital patients - Restraint", "Marriage law", "Psychiatric hospital patients", "Psychiatric hospital patients - Seclusion"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are represented in the image \"6bcb4b8fb0055c70.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "6bcb4b8fb0055c70.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"drawing books": "lcsh:sh85039473", "marriage law": "lcsh:sh85081508", "physicians": "lcsh:sh85101610", "psychiatric hospital patients": "lcsh:sh85108352", "psychiatric hospital patients - restraint": "lcsh:sh85108353", "psychiatric hospital patients - seclusion": "lcsh:sh85108354"}, "unit": "6bcb4b8fb0055c70"}
+{"answer": ["Psychology - History", "Temperament"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "54ea64d8cb6d25ff", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Older people", "Thermopylae, Battle of, Greece, 480 B.C."], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_105f2e007d3a", "question": {"candidates": ["Temperament", "Older people", "Psychology - History", "Thermopylae, Battle of, Greece, 480 B.C."], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"54ea64d8cb6d25ff.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "54ea64d8cb6d25ff.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"older people": "lcsh:sh85002087", "psychology - history": "lcsh:sh2010106351", "temperament": "lcsh:sh85133695", "thermopylae, battle of, greece, 480 b.c": "lcsh:sh85134814"}, "unit": "54ea64d8cb6d25ff"}
+{"answer": ["Samuel Johnson", "Voltaire"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "de42a246a377172d", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["George Combe", "Spencer"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_a1db7f118a1e", "question": {"candidates": ["Voltaire", "George Combe", "Samuel Johnson", "Spencer"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lc_names\" labels are shown by the image \"de42a246a377172d.jpg\", and which are not present in it?", "topic": "de42a246a377172d.jpg", "vocabulary": "lc_names"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"george combe": "lc_names:n80094370", "samuel johnson": "lc_names:n78095825", "spencer": "lc_names:no96031102", "voltaire": "lc_names:n80126267"}, "unit": "de42a246a377172d"}
+{"answer": ["Senses and sensation", "Taste"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "a8af6a452de7d11d", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Belief and doubt", "Coffins"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_725f1293b991", "question": {"candidates": ["Taste", "Senses and sensation", "Coffins", "Belief and doubt"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"a8af6a452de7d11d.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "a8af6a452de7d11d.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"belief and doubt": "lcsh:sh85013004", "coffins": "lcsh:sh85027731", "senses and sensation": "lcsh:sh85120047", "taste": "lcsh:sh85132732"}, "unit": "a8af6a452de7d11d"}
+{"answer": ["St Paul's School", "St. Luke's Hospital (London, England)"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "2bd705c0d209b7c9", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Franz Joseph Gall", "Louis-Philippe I"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_99de372a2633", "question": {"candidates": ["St Paul's School", "Franz Joseph Gall", "St. Luke's Hospital (London, England)", "Louis-Philippe I"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lc_names\" labels are covered by the image \"2bd705c0d209b7c9.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "2bd705c0d209b7c9.jpg", "vocabulary": "lc_names"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"franz joseph gall": "lc_names:n84179761", "louis-philippe i": "lc_names:n50080625", "st paul's school": "lc_names:n84094151", "st. luke's hospital (london, england)": "lc_names:no2005068961"}, "unit": "2bd705c0d209b7c9"}
+{"answer": ["Stoics", "Suicide victims"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "f482552b20697574", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Depth Perception", "Husband and wife"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_5a671e49055e", "question": {"candidates": ["Husband and wife", "Stoics", "Suicide victims", "Depth Perception"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are shown in the image \"f482552b20697574.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "f482552b20697574.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"depth perception": "lcsh:sh85125945", "husband and wife": "lcsh:sh85081522", "stoics": "lcsh:sh85128242", "suicide victims": "lcsh:sh85129750"}, "unit": "f482552b20697574"}
+{"answer": ["Ugliness", "Wit and Humor"], "answer_type": "set", "domain": "psychology", "dossier": "aace25a137cae6c8", "gold_index": null, "missing": ["Lymphatic System", "Urinary Tract"], "modalities": ["image"], "options": null, "qid": "T6_psychology_632e1caab1a5", "question": {"candidates": ["Ugliness", "Lymphatic System", "Wit and Humor", "Urinary Tract"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are represented in the image \"aace25a137cae6c8.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "aace25a137cae6c8.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6", "template": "unit_coverage", "term_ids": {"lymphatic system": "lcsh:sh85079132", "ugliness": "lcsh:sh85139310", "urinary tract": "lcsh:sh85141406", "wit and humor": "lcsh:sh85147124"}, "unit": "aace25a137cae6c8"}
diff --git a/release/licence_unrecorded.json b/release/licence_unrecorded.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e941f91813df9aed29d7e500348751f26282c214
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/licence_unrecorded.json
@@ -0,0 +1,509 @@
+{
+ "per_file_licence_absent": [
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/healthcare/video/873aa6d4caa4b850.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/healthcare/video/e2ff938143e77cdf.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/healthcare/video/77661a851c359c03.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/healthcare/video/4f17bed07d1a1b64.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/healthcare/video/9c3cee582a486a5b.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/healthcare/video/6eb8529942cd9358.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/healthcare/video/3381830ee7235a64.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/healthcare/video/4f99a44e773d8844.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/healthcare/video/0c0a23dbe5975920.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/healthcare/video/2063d61f464531d4.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/healthcare/video/d5a0deeb9ec2bf36.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/healthcare/video/3ca1890c12166f71.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/healthcare/video/e7252ae2eca2905f.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/healthcare/video/5a271d96c9cf0c59.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/healthcare/video/fae8bbf67d6cd844.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/healthcare/video/8bf16379c3e8b824.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/healthcare/audio/18209d5fca83d0f4.wav",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/healthcare/audio/2d81dd5268c086be.wav",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/healthcare/audio/3421635ade990a86.wav",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/healthcare/audio/798d7559254971dd.wav",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/healthcare/audio/8653499d7cd3875c.wav",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/healthcare/audio/a520d2ea3bbb1e4e.wav",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/healthcare/audio/a93a8e393b9c9098.wav",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/healthcare/audio/c60fff10b2f5b5a6.wav",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/healthcare/audio/f19f7f66de1446c6.wav",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/healthcare/audio/f8634eff9ae40990.wav",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/healthcare/video/d146bdfe779eebc8.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/healthcare/video/a72152a2c5b92a3e.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/finance/video/a417818667b98e7e.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US Government work, public domain by inference from 17 U.S.C. 105 (Federal Reserve Board is a federal agency). CAVEAT RECORDED IN THE AUDIT: no explicit reuse statement is published on federalreserve.gov; /legal.htm, /copyright.htm, /terms.htm and /legal/copyright.htm all return 404. No NC and no ND asserted by the Board."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/finance/video/fa6e6e62b033a576.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US Government work, public domain by inference from 17 U.S.C. 105 (Federal Reserve Board is a federal agency). CAVEAT RECORDED IN THE AUDIT: no explicit reuse statement is published on federalreserve.gov; /legal.htm, /copyright.htm, /terms.htm and /legal/copyright.htm all return 404. No NC and no ND asserted by the Board."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/finance/video/4ce073c6d638767e.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US Government work, public domain by inference from 17 U.S.C. 105 (Federal Reserve Board is a federal agency). CAVEAT RECORDED IN THE AUDIT: no explicit reuse statement is published on federalreserve.gov; /legal.htm, /copyright.htm, /terms.htm and /legal/copyright.htm all return 404. No NC and no ND asserted by the Board."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/finance/video/9bd3017d9dcee1d6.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US Government work, public domain by inference from 17 U.S.C. 105 (Federal Reserve Board is a federal agency). CAVEAT RECORDED IN THE AUDIT: no explicit reuse statement is published on federalreserve.gov; /legal.htm, /copyright.htm, /terms.htm and /legal/copyright.htm all return 404. No NC and no ND asserted by the Board."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/finance/video/599ef44ae4a6cd3d.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US Government work, public domain by inference from 17 U.S.C. 105 (Federal Reserve Board is a federal agency). CAVEAT RECORDED IN THE AUDIT: no explicit reuse statement is published on federalreserve.gov; /legal.htm, /copyright.htm, /terms.htm and /legal/copyright.htm all return 404. No NC and no ND asserted by the Board."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/finance/audio/3d097347a57a38d2.wav",
+   "source_level_statement": "US Government work, public domain by inference from 17 U.S.C. 105 (Federal Reserve Board is a federal agency). CAVEAT RECORDED IN THE AUDIT: no explicit reuse statement is published on federalreserve.gov; /legal.htm, /copyright.htm, /terms.htm and /legal/copyright.htm all return 404. No NC and no ND asserted by the Board."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/finance/audio/492de153249ac8ae.wav",
+   "source_level_statement": "US Government work, public domain by inference from 17 U.S.C. 105 (Federal Reserve Board is a federal agency). CAVEAT RECORDED IN THE AUDIT: no explicit reuse statement is published on federalreserve.gov; /legal.htm, /copyright.htm, /terms.htm and /legal/copyright.htm all return 404. No NC and no ND asserted by the Board."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/finance/audio/5e887f128d8d9892.wav",
+   "source_level_statement": "US Government work, public domain by inference from 17 U.S.C. 105 (Federal Reserve Board is a federal agency). CAVEAT RECORDED IN THE AUDIT: no explicit reuse statement is published on federalreserve.gov; /legal.htm, /copyright.htm, /terms.htm and /legal/copyright.htm all return 404. No NC and no ND asserted by the Board."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/finance/audio/82e930551e643967.wav",
+   "source_level_statement": "US Government work, public domain by inference from 17 U.S.C. 105 (Federal Reserve Board is a federal agency). CAVEAT RECORDED IN THE AUDIT: no explicit reuse statement is published on federalreserve.gov; /legal.htm, /copyright.htm, /terms.htm and /legal/copyright.htm all return 404. No NC and no ND asserted by the Board."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/finance/audio/84b34e4d28d9589a.wav",
+   "source_level_statement": "US Government work, public domain by inference from 17 U.S.C. 105 (Federal Reserve Board is a federal agency). CAVEAT RECORDED IN THE AUDIT: no explicit reuse statement is published on federalreserve.gov; /legal.htm, /copyright.htm, /terms.htm and /legal/copyright.htm all return 404. No NC and no ND asserted by the Board."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/finance/audio/8d0b26804b4ad50a.wav",
+   "source_level_statement": "US Government work, public domain by inference from 17 U.S.C. 105 (Federal Reserve Board is a federal agency). CAVEAT RECORDED IN THE AUDIT: no explicit reuse statement is published on federalreserve.gov; /legal.htm, /copyright.htm, /terms.htm and /legal/copyright.htm all return 404. No NC and no ND asserted by the Board."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/finance/video/9b855632edbc0d51.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US Government work, public domain by inference from 17 U.S.C. 105 (Federal Reserve Board is a federal agency). CAVEAT RECORDED IN THE AUDIT: no explicit reuse statement is published on federalreserve.gov; /legal.htm, /copyright.htm, /terms.htm and /legal/copyright.htm all return 404. No NC and no ND asserted by the Board."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/finance/video/830d03539bba43ad.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US Government work, public domain by inference from 17 U.S.C. 105 (Federal Reserve Board is a federal agency). CAVEAT RECORDED IN THE AUDIT: no explicit reuse statement is published on federalreserve.gov; /legal.htm, /copyright.htm, /terms.htm and /legal/copyright.htm all return 404. No NC and no ND asserted by the Board."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/finance/video/9badb4cda19a9e8d.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US Government work, public domain by inference from 17 U.S.C. 105 (Federal Reserve Board is a federal agency). CAVEAT RECORDED IN THE AUDIT: no explicit reuse statement is published on federalreserve.gov; /legal.htm, /copyright.htm, /terms.htm and /legal/copyright.htm all return 404. No NC and no ND asserted by the Board."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/finance/video/6d4aaa5411184fd9.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US Government work, public domain by inference from 17 U.S.C. 105 (Federal Reserve Board is a federal agency). CAVEAT RECORDED IN THE AUDIT: no explicit reuse statement is published on federalreserve.gov; /legal.htm, /copyright.htm, /terms.htm and /legal/copyright.htm all return 404. No NC and no ND asserted by the Board."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/finance/video/04cea524bf3553c6.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US Government work, public domain by inference from 17 U.S.C. 105 (Federal Reserve Board is a federal agency). CAVEAT RECORDED IN THE AUDIT: no explicit reuse statement is published on federalreserve.gov; /legal.htm, /copyright.htm, /terms.htm and /legal/copyright.htm all return 404. No NC and no ND asserted by the Board."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/finance/video/45096ff0725a5c78.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US Government work, public domain by inference from 17 U.S.C. 105 (Federal Reserve Board is a federal agency). CAVEAT RECORDED IN THE AUDIT: no explicit reuse statement is published on federalreserve.gov; /legal.htm, /copyright.htm, /terms.htm and /legal/copyright.htm all return 404. No NC and no ND asserted by the Board."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/finance/video/5e189a0c8009457b.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US Government work, public domain by inference from 17 U.S.C. 105 (Federal Reserve Board is a federal agency). CAVEAT RECORDED IN THE AUDIT: no explicit reuse statement is published on federalreserve.gov; /legal.htm, /copyright.htm, /terms.htm and /legal/copyright.htm all return 404. No NC and no ND asserted by the Board."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/finance/video/38d1f7a4115a5b7b.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US Government work, public domain by inference from 17 U.S.C. 105 (Federal Reserve Board is a federal agency). CAVEAT RECORDED IN THE AUDIT: no explicit reuse statement is published on federalreserve.gov; /legal.htm, /copyright.htm, /terms.htm and /legal/copyright.htm all return 404. No NC and no ND asserted by the Board."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/finance/video/086eadd14532aa5c.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US Government work, public domain by inference from 17 U.S.C. 105 (Federal Reserve Board is a federal agency). CAVEAT RECORDED IN THE AUDIT: no explicit reuse statement is published on federalreserve.gov; /legal.htm, /copyright.htm, /terms.htm and /legal/copyright.htm all return 404. No NC and no ND asserted by the Board."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/finance/video/1d234d50607e1076.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US Government work, public domain by inference from 17 U.S.C. 105 (Federal Reserve Board is a federal agency). CAVEAT RECORDED IN THE AUDIT: no explicit reuse statement is published on federalreserve.gov; /legal.htm, /copyright.htm, /terms.htm and /legal/copyright.htm all return 404. No NC and no ND asserted by the Board."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/finance/video/1daf62b523b560f6.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US Government work, public domain by inference from 17 U.S.C. 105 (Federal Reserve Board is a federal agency). CAVEAT RECORDED IN THE AUDIT: no explicit reuse statement is published on federalreserve.gov; /legal.htm, /copyright.htm, /terms.htm and /legal/copyright.htm all return 404. No NC and no ND asserted by the Board."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/finance/video/be460a423e18fbd0.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US Government work, public domain by inference from 17 U.S.C. 105 (Federal Reserve Board is a federal agency). CAVEAT RECORDED IN THE AUDIT: no explicit reuse statement is published on federalreserve.gov; /legal.htm, /copyright.htm, /terms.htm and /legal/copyright.htm all return 404. No NC and no ND asserted by the Board."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/finance/video/4baee252480ca5df.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US Government work, public domain by inference from 17 U.S.C. 105 (Federal Reserve Board is a federal agency). CAVEAT RECORDED IN THE AUDIT: no explicit reuse statement is published on federalreserve.gov; /legal.htm, /copyright.htm, /terms.htm and /legal/copyright.htm all return 404. No NC and no ND asserted by the Board."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/law/video/dcb587f83266c69c.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/law/video/8c9b5a14614849a2.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/law/video/24f14daabfbba2a0.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/law/video/54c17efb933ab478.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/law/video/f2b958db7cb1d99a.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/law/video/8f5faf30cb5c08e9.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/law/video/b54a1c4e5cbdb34c.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/law/video/c5638ff730b90071.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/law/video/5dd78f8648030700.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/law/video/783184713fd93009.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/law/video/88060c7c0d454974.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/law/video/45b4c7aa41d8e269.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/law/video/65e6fe5f90c5f980.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/law/video/5ff0b8a5a3dfe564.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/law/video/4b8a17131a1b78b7.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/law/video/cda486af86673b96.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/law/audio/07dd2c81c7bfbfd3.wav",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/law/audio/170626c7475e1ffc.wav",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the mp3 and the official court-reporter transcript PDF. Oyez turn timings (*.turns.json only) are CC BY-NC 4.0 on Oyez's own alignment layer; the underlying words are the same public-domain transcript."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/law/audio/19fc0b718ca1b248.wav",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the mp3 and the official court-reporter transcript PDF. Oyez turn timings (*.turns.json only) are CC BY-NC 4.0 on Oyez's own alignment layer; the underlying words are the same public-domain transcript."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/law/audio/1d9b50974bec93da.wav",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the mp3 and the official court-reporter transcript PDF. Oyez turn timings (*.turns.json only) are CC BY-NC 4.0 on Oyez's own alignment layer; the underlying words are the same public-domain transcript."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/law/audio/4c5468d2671736fc.wav",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/law/audio/4cb59a4e9af69c86.wav",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the mp3 and the official court-reporter transcript PDF. Oyez turn timings (*.turns.json only) are CC BY-NC 4.0 on Oyez's own alignment layer; the underlying words are the same public-domain transcript."
+  },
+  {
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+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/law/audio/66043274a260474f.wav",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/law/audio/7e3a449d35c1eff1.wav",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/law/audio/84952d46d69b69a7.wav",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/law/audio/9ae12f9f0c9dd0e5.wav",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/law/audio/9c10d3ba57cc0cf1.wav",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the mp3 and the official court-reporter transcript PDF. Oyez turn timings (*.turns.json only) are CC BY-NC 4.0 on Oyez's own alignment layer; the underlying words are the same public-domain transcript."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/law/audio/b4ee3c45389cb61a.wav",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/law/audio/bd875783ba2be9cf.wav",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the mp3 and the official court-reporter transcript PDF. Oyez turn timings (*.turns.json only) are CC BY-NC 4.0 on Oyez's own alignment layer; the underlying words are the same public-domain transcript."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/law/audio/bde92d4f0db73794.wav",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/law/audio/d647b6fcb3b3c216.wav",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/law/audio/e1bcb410b1b9b4f7.wav",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/law/audio/e95767cefe3ec5ec.wav",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the mp3 and the official court-reporter transcript PDF. Oyez turn timings (*.turns.json only) are CC BY-NC 4.0 on Oyez's own alignment layer; the underlying words are the same public-domain transcript."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/law/video/5b9301f52638016d.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/law/video/a20feac7f4dc23a6.mp4",
+   "source_level_statement": "US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. 105) for both the Senate video / stenographer captions and the GPO CHRG transcript. No NC, no ND. Note for the release notes: Senate rules restrict use of committee video for political or commercial purposes, which does not affect academic research use."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/politics/audio/48ea0c648c978580.wav",
+   "source_level_statement": "CC0-1.0 on the VoxPopuli release (HuggingFace licence tag, verified non-gated). Underlying European Parliament material: the EP legal notice authorises reuse for personal, non-commercial or commercial dissemination provided the entire item is reproduced and the source acknowledged. No NC, no ND."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/politics/audio/6ddf37fd7f642c48.wav",
+   "source_level_statement": "CC0-1.0 on the VoxPopuli release (HuggingFace licence tag, verified non-gated). Underlying European Parliament material: the EP legal notice authorises reuse for personal, non-commercial or commercial dissemination provided the entire item is reproduced and the source acknowledged. No NC, no ND."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/politics/audio/31f6f7eeb1120b1f.wav",
+   "source_level_statement": "CC0-1.0 on the VoxPopuli release (HuggingFace licence tag, verified non-gated). Underlying European Parliament material: the EP legal notice authorises reuse for personal, non-commercial or commercial dissemination provided the entire item is reproduced and the source acknowledged. No NC, no ND."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/politics/audio/871b40b9c7807e1a.wav",
+   "source_level_statement": "CC0-1.0 on the VoxPopuli release (HuggingFace licence tag, verified non-gated). Underlying European Parliament material: the EP legal notice authorises reuse for personal, non-commercial or commercial dissemination provided the entire item is reproduced and the source acknowledged. No NC, no ND."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/politics/audio/a4fa75ff3021d254.wav",
+   "source_level_statement": "CC0-1.0 on the VoxPopuli release (HuggingFace licence tag, verified non-gated). Underlying European Parliament material: the EP legal notice authorises reuse for personal, non-commercial or commercial dissemination provided the entire item is reproduced and the source acknowledged. No NC, no ND."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/politics/audio/662a7a7c1a400fee.wav",
+   "source_level_statement": "CC0-1.0 on the VoxPopuli release (HuggingFace licence tag, verified non-gated). Underlying European Parliament material: the EP legal notice authorises reuse for personal, non-commercial or commercial dissemination provided the entire item is reproduced and the source acknowledged. No NC, no ND."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/politics/audio/48c0e36018c8f44e.wav",
+   "source_level_statement": "CC0-1.0 on the VoxPopuli release (HuggingFace licence tag, verified non-gated). Underlying European Parliament material: the EP legal notice authorises reuse for personal, non-commercial or commercial dissemination provided the entire item is reproduced and the source acknowledged. No NC, no ND."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/politics/audio/47c6ae4efbd7b049.wav",
+   "source_level_statement": "CC0-1.0 on the VoxPopuli release (HuggingFace licence tag, verified non-gated). Underlying European Parliament material: the EP legal notice authorises reuse for personal, non-commercial or commercial dissemination provided the entire item is reproduced and the source acknowledged. No NC, no ND."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/politics/audio/cd870893a252b8ac.wav",
+   "source_level_statement": "CC0-1.0 on the VoxPopuli release (HuggingFace licence tag, verified non-gated). Underlying European Parliament material: the EP legal notice authorises reuse for personal, non-commercial or commercial dissemination provided the entire item is reproduced and the source acknowledged. No NC, no ND."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/politics/audio/0a5f1429096b9920.wav",
+   "source_level_statement": "CC0-1.0 on the VoxPopuli release (HuggingFace licence tag, verified non-gated). Underlying European Parliament material: the EP legal notice authorises reuse for personal, non-commercial or commercial dissemination provided the entire item is reproduced and the source acknowledged. No NC, no ND."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/politics/audio/1a24c78d0864ef31.wav",
+   "source_level_statement": "CC0-1.0 on the VoxPopuli release (HuggingFace licence tag, verified non-gated). Underlying European Parliament material: the EP legal notice authorises reuse for personal, non-commercial or commercial dissemination provided the entire item is reproduced and the source acknowledged. No NC, no ND."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/politics/audio/7e55d6beeeb52f14.wav",
+   "source_level_statement": "CC0-1.0 on the VoxPopuli release (HuggingFace licence tag, verified non-gated). Underlying European Parliament material: the EP legal notice authorises reuse for personal, non-commercial or commercial dissemination provided the entire item is reproduced and the source acknowledged. No NC, no ND."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/politics/audio/faf0912553ac049d.wav",
+   "source_level_statement": "CC0-1.0 on the VoxPopuli release (HuggingFace licence tag, verified non-gated). Underlying European Parliament material: the EP legal notice authorises reuse for personal, non-commercial or commercial dissemination provided the entire item is reproduced and the source acknowledged. No NC, no ND."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/politics/audio/3ddfa2b4c3bdffa3.wav",
+   "source_level_statement": "CC0-1.0 on the VoxPopuli release (HuggingFace licence tag, verified non-gated). Underlying European Parliament material: the EP legal notice authorises reuse for personal, non-commercial or commercial dissemination provided the entire item is reproduced and the source acknowledged. No NC, no ND."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/politics/audio/fe606f376f416eab.wav",
+   "source_level_statement": "CC0-1.0 on the VoxPopuli release (HuggingFace licence tag, verified non-gated). Underlying European Parliament material: the EP legal notice authorises reuse for personal, non-commercial or commercial dissemination provided the entire item is reproduced and the source acknowledged. No NC, no ND."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/politics/audio/07aa5f98c415227c.wav",
+   "source_level_statement": "CC0-1.0 on the VoxPopuli release (HuggingFace licence tag, verified non-gated). Underlying European Parliament material: the EP legal notice authorises reuse for personal, non-commercial or commercial dissemination provided the entire item is reproduced and the source acknowledged. No NC, no ND."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/politics/audio/791d4db7283e6cc2.wav",
+   "source_level_statement": "CC0-1.0 on the VoxPopuli release (HuggingFace licence tag, verified non-gated). Underlying European Parliament material: the EP legal notice authorises reuse for personal, non-commercial or commercial dissemination provided the entire item is reproduced and the source acknowledged. No NC, no ND."
+  },
+  {
+   "path": "corpus/politics/audio/67a6205d1c61bb52.wav",
+   "source_level_statement": "CC0-1.0 on the VoxPopuli release (HuggingFace licence tag, verified non-gated). Underlying European Parliament material: the EP legal notice authorises reuse for personal, non-commercial or commercial dissemination provided the entire item is reproduced and the source acknowledged. No NC, no ND."
+  }
+ ],
+ "no_rec_row": [],
+ "benchmark_authored_files_no_licence_recorded": [
+  "questions/T1/building.jsonl",
+  "questions/T1/education.jsonl",
+  "questions/T1/finance.jsonl",
+  "questions/T1/games.jsonl",
+  "questions/T1/healthcare.jsonl",
+  "questions/T1/humanities.jsonl",
+  "questions/T1/law.jsonl",
+  "questions/T1/music.jsonl",
+  "questions/T1/politics.jsonl",
+  "questions/T1/psychology.jsonl",
+  "questions/T2/building.jsonl",
+  "questions/T2/education.jsonl",
+  "questions/T2/finance.jsonl",
+  "questions/T2/games.jsonl",
+  "questions/T2/healthcare.jsonl",
+  "questions/T2/humanities.jsonl",
+  "questions/T2/law.jsonl",
+  "questions/T2/music.jsonl",
+  "questions/T2/politics.jsonl",
+  "questions/T2/psychology.jsonl",
+  "questions/T3/building.jsonl",
+  "questions/T3/education.jsonl",
+  "questions/T3/finance.jsonl",
+  "questions/T3/games.jsonl",
+  "questions/T3/healthcare.jsonl",
+  "questions/T3/humanities.jsonl",
+  "questions/T3/law.jsonl",
+  "questions/T3/music.jsonl",
+  "questions/T3/politics.jsonl",
+  "questions/T3/psychology.jsonl",
+  "questions/T4/healthcare.jsonl",
+  "questions/T5/building.jsonl",
+  "questions/T5/education.jsonl",
+  "questions/T5/finance.jsonl",
+  "questions/T5/games.jsonl",
+  "questions/T5/music.jsonl",
+  "questions/T6/education.jsonl",
+  "questions/T6/healthcare.jsonl",
+  "questions/T6/psychology.jsonl",
+  "gold/T1/building.jsonl",
+  "gold/T1/education.jsonl",
+  "gold/T1/finance.jsonl",
+  "gold/T1/games.jsonl",
+  "gold/T1/healthcare.jsonl",
+  "gold/T1/humanities.jsonl",
+  "gold/T1/law.jsonl",
+  "gold/T1/music.jsonl",
+  "gold/T1/politics.jsonl",
+  "gold/T1/psychology.jsonl",
+  "gold/T2/building.jsonl",
+  "gold/T2/education.jsonl",
+  "gold/T2/finance.jsonl",
+  "gold/T2/games.jsonl",
+  "gold/T2/healthcare.jsonl",
+  "gold/T2/humanities.jsonl",
+  "gold/T2/law.jsonl",
+  "gold/T2/music.jsonl",
+  "gold/T2/politics.jsonl",
+  "gold/T2/psychology.jsonl",
+  "gold/T3/building.jsonl",
+  "gold/T3/education.jsonl",
+  "gold/T3/finance.jsonl",
+  "gold/T3/games.jsonl",
+  "gold/T3/healthcare.jsonl",
+  "gold/T3/humanities.jsonl",
+  "gold/T3/law.jsonl",
+  "gold/T3/music.jsonl",
+  "gold/T3/politics.jsonl",
+  "gold/T3/psychology.jsonl",
+  "gold/T4/healthcare.jsonl",
+  "gold/T5/building.jsonl",
+  "gold/T5/education.jsonl",
+  "gold/T5/finance.jsonl",
+  "gold/T5/games.jsonl",
+  "gold/T5/music.jsonl",
+  "gold/T6/education.jsonl",
+  "gold/T6/healthcare.jsonl",
+  "gold/T6/psychology.jsonl"
+ ]
+}
diff --git a/release/questions/T1/building.jsonl b/release/questions/T1/building.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..928f07eb0ffd20cf1ffad23aea4a202491934492
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/questions/T1/building.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T1_building_03eef0cfe83b", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["6f9eb5c6dc2d9ead.png"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\", \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"6f9eb5c6dc2d9ead.png\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T1_building_0ac858b5ce9a", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["96611cf3e9554e74.png"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\" and \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"96611cf3e9554e74.png\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T1_building_11d0852bdc7e", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["04e59886f6693bfc.png"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\", \"room_type\" are contained in the image item consisting of the file(s) \"04e59886f6693bfc.png\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T1_building_16ac81c1a621", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["3b2045b6e2a68af1.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\" and \"room_type\" are contained in the image item consisting of the file(s) \"3b2045b6e2a68af1.jpg\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T1_building_1c18c827ebaf", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["b02feacfd11cf2d1.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\", \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"b02feacfd11cf2d1.jpg\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T1_building_1e3d679861bb", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["0fb42b467848a825.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\", \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"0fb42b467848a825.jpg\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T1_building_1e4b304c7d9e", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["644f51fb5a23b3f7.png"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\", \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"644f51fb5a23b3f7.png\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T1_building_1fc74b018a2a", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["7aa2a604a64a2f6e.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\", \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"7aa2a604a64a2f6e.jpg\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T1_building_2a43e0682da8", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["458190d3927e83a2.png"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\", \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"458190d3927e83a2.png\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T1_building_2b790197e4d0", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["d37d3d6c6d789411.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\" and \"room_type\" are contained in the image item consisting of the file(s) \"d37d3d6c6d789411.jpg\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T1_building_30b1f8d2fa21", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["623b5de9e0b2ba14.png"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\", \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"623b5de9e0b2ba14.png\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T1_building_336399272594", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["edb1c0780f952727.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\", \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"edb1c0780f952727.jpg\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T1_building_3538bc818df0", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["88cbd313e14a31f3.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\", \"room_type\" does the image item containing the file(s) \"88cbd313e14a31f3.jpg\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each one appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T1_building_379dbcf1ae78", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["2d41ba3bac2c8f15.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\", \"room_type\" are contained in the image item consisting of the file(s) \"2d41ba3bac2c8f15.jpg\", and in what modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T1_building_3d35f62b3569", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["5b1a2f71077a9a77.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\" and \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"5b1a2f71077a9a77.jpg\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T1_building_4cf905cb183a", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["92756b124de7b213.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\" and \"room_type\" does the image item containing the file(s) \"92756b124de7b213.jpg\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T1_building_6051b9f9be70", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["9c5ada6d7b529b02.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\", \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"9c5ada6d7b529b02.jpg\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T1_building_7b166664c65d", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["addb6cd366f08add.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\", \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"addb6cd366f08add.jpg\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T1_building_82ebe9cde72f", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["48a497decde751fc.png"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\", \"room_type\" are contained in the image item consisting of the file(s) \"48a497decde751fc.png\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T1_building_88a5e66416ec", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["40bb666697666769.png"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\" and \"room_type\" are contained in the image item that consists of the file(s) \"40bb666697666769.png\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T1_building_8ad92f61c7ff", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["a78efc3e054f04d9.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\", \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"a78efc3e054f04d9.jpg\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T1_building_9be457053948", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["eac67f161e65345d.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\", \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"eac67f161e65345d.jpg\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T1_building_9bf40a09ab8d", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["5abf0bb43aee6e4c.png"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\", \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"5abf0bb43aee6e4c.png\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T1_building_a279e9f5c9a3", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["e602475b16c1c9db.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\", \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"e602475b16c1c9db.jpg\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T1_building_ac286b31eae9", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["5272b9f0d8ee464b.png"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\", \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"5272b9f0d8ee464b.png\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T1_building_adc1eadbb23d", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["054c492fbc157488.png"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\", \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"054c492fbc157488.png\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T1_building_bfab943c976b", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["6e3f4ebd685f913d.png"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\" and \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"6e3f4ebd685f913d.png\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T1_building_d34e1d1899c9", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["88f3f06410e34728.png"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\" and \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"88f3f06410e34728.png\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T1_building_da66866f14fd", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["2c563f64e221ace8.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\" and \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"2c563f64e221ace8.jpg\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T1_building_e04fa7af788f", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["8b1ea68d3a005ec9.png"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\", \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"8b1ea68d3a005ec9.png\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T1_building_e184eb0eb1b9", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["308556e66bfd7221.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\", \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"308556e66bfd7221.jpg\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T1_building_e2fc1953991e", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["7b95dff57c4624eb.png"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\" and \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"7b95dff57c4624eb.png\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T1_building_f23db7c8394c", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["3d12fc3b624ef1ae.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\" and \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"3d12fc3b624ef1ae.jpg\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T1_building_f367f4ed6095", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["f4a9371f3352c34e.png"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\", \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"f4a9371f3352c34e.png\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T1_building_f93b90422b6a", "question": {"entity_types": ["element_class", "room_type"], "files": ["c323219f9f9060ee.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"element_class\", \"room_type\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"c323219f9f9060ee.jpg\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T1_building_0f7324a13819", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["c644e66e2a5f5862.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"c644e66e2a5f5862.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T1_building_4527fc875f79", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["29371b8b4616686c.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"29371b8b4616686c.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T1_building_54fcd41f6a0b", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["efabe0202306c23c.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"efabe0202306c23c.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T1_building_88dad13b4599", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["4375c513dc71ae12.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"4375c513dc71ae12.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T1_building_bc8d0697634b", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["96c71d1fb16dd035.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"96c71d1fb16dd035.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
diff --git a/release/questions/T1/education.jsonl b/release/questions/T1/education.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..04614c9de9f3f40e7d33bb090783446050b8b43c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/questions/T1/education.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T1_education_01b008555d8b", "question": {"entity_types": ["depicted_person"], "files": ["ee2ed8f7ae0bd65d.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the type \"depicted_person\" are contained in the image item consisting of the file(s) \"ee2ed8f7ae0bd65d.jpg\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T1_education_06ef763a8e80", "question": {"entity_types": ["depicted_person"], "files": ["d5abbf1ab2f0d22b.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"depicted_person\" are contained in the image item consisting of the file(s) \"d5abbf1ab2f0d22b.jpg\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T1_education_072555dc02f8", "question": {"entity_types": ["depicted_person"], "files": ["211f1f832f8c6934.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"depicted_person\" are contained in the image item consisting of the file(s) \"211f1f832f8c6934.jpg\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T1_education_1892ec3cc061", "question": {"entity_types": ["depicted_person"], "files": ["dc5d505139dce38f.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"depicted_person\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"dc5d505139dce38f.jpg\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T1_education_561f64fdf05a", "question": {"entity_types": ["depicted_person"], "files": ["4f9f3fb5f65a70c1.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"depicted_person\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"4f9f3fb5f65a70c1.jpg\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T1_education_6d39245de937", "question": {"entity_types": ["depicted_person"], "files": ["2db57429563bd171.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the type \"depicted_person\" are contained in the image item that consists of the file(s) \"2db57429563bd171.jpg\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T1_education_6ea388f8518c", "question": {"entity_types": ["depicted_person"], "files": ["48cf35fe17243729.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"depicted_person\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"48cf35fe17243729.jpg\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T1_education_74a698821131", "question": {"entity_types": ["depicted_person"], "files": ["4ed53f4ce07e0e5a.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the type \"depicted_person\" are contained in the image item that consists of the file(s) \"4ed53f4ce07e0e5a.jpg\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each one appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T1_education_79c2afc1ddaf", "question": {"entity_types": ["depicted_person"], "files": ["3982e9ea8f5a9620.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"depicted_person\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"3982e9ea8f5a9620.jpg\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T1_education_7ea35a3b32e7", "question": {"entity_types": ["depicted_person"], "files": ["667f155b780ab365.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"depicted_person\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"667f155b780ab365.jpg\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T1_education_9a529403ecb7", "question": {"entity_types": ["depicted_person"], "files": ["65f67955db057131.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the type \"depicted_person\" are contained in the image item consisting of the file(s) \"65f67955db057131.jpg\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T1_education_9c0dc2b5f9cd", "question": {"entity_types": ["depicted_person"], "files": ["a09b7fd9fde6f7ea.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"depicted_person\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"a09b7fd9fde6f7ea.jpg\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T1_education_a65928fe7b5e", "question": {"entity_types": ["depicted_person"], "files": ["fb12d04159f614b1.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the type \"depicted_person\" are contained in the image item consisting of the file(s) \"fb12d04159f614b1.jpg\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each one appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T1_education_aa2f514a3551", "question": {"entity_types": ["depicted_person"], "files": ["722fa3a63a8c19a1.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"depicted_person\" are contained in the image item consisting of the file(s) \"722fa3a63a8c19a1.jpg\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each one appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T1_education_b102dcedf314", "question": {"entity_types": ["depicted_person"], "files": ["c14ee8228dccd3f9.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"depicted_person\" are contained in the image item consisting of the file(s) \"c14ee8228dccd3f9.jpg\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T1_education_b582926500f9", "question": {"entity_types": ["depicted_person"], "files": ["453920e6da44c481.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the type \"depicted_person\" are contained in the image item consisting of the file(s) \"453920e6da44c481.jpg\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T1_education_cdc4dbd5766e", "question": {"entity_types": ["depicted_person"], "files": ["a82c6449bd22b128.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"depicted_person\" are contained in the image item that consists of the file(s) \"a82c6449bd22b128.jpg\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T1_education_dfd330f720eb", "question": {"entity_types": ["depicted_person"], "files": ["68ec91f70d2d649e.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"depicted_person\" does the image item consisting of the file(s) \"68ec91f70d2d649e.jpg\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T1_education_fb9608d078cd", "question": {"entity_types": ["depicted_person"], "files": ["0b440c356cd2591c.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the type \"depicted_person\" are contained in the image item that consists of the file(s) \"0b440c356cd2591c.jpg\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each one appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T1_education_03daed5c00c6", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["06332877397ca739.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"06332877397ca739.pdf\" contain, and in what modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T1_education_0e215b0d7c07", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["18ac7fad30c5fb90.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"18ac7fad30c5fb90.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T1_education_1edb686c2820", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["76fcfb92d06763a8.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", or \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"76fcfb92d06763a8.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T1_education_3c246298ad56", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["692a21e4e7a68a70.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"692a21e4e7a68a70.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T1_education_3e87db51c94c", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["27ce90fb30f3fc84.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"27ce90fb30f3fc84.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T1_education_3fdb6dc24417", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["ba3af86bf65f48f3.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"ba3af86bf65f48f3.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T1_education_4be0dd4a848f", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["548fd69bd80fa5d9.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"548fd69bd80fa5d9.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T1_education_4f4a124bfd0f", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["6509fbc55d526203.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"6509fbc55d526203.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T1_education_5bc0100c4aab", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["e20986a7038e9649.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"e20986a7038e9649.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T1_education_626bb7569d81", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["11b4a7994e1720da.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"11b4a7994e1720da.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T1_education_781335a59afd", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["c1a6fe61f5714cc4.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"c1a6fe61f5714cc4.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T1_education_7dfd6fc374b2", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["778947907897f877.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"778947907897f877.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T1_education_895e0567d915", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["37be343a78c63102.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"37be343a78c63102.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T1_education_8a6fb122ed07", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["d33920279147a546.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"d33920279147a546.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T1_education_917447ef70ee", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["9c90f6159434c35f.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"9c90f6159434c35f.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T1_education_9a4509d3c09d", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["5b2230c97c6744bf.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"5b2230c97c6744bf.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T1_education_a9148f9beb46", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["d457ca2b3341956c.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"d457ca2b3341956c.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T1_education_ae0b59aa1b67", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["7986e81d86f50f34.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"7986e81d86f50f34.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T1_education_bd50ffea9611", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["356dbb03f9c87c52.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"356dbb03f9c87c52.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T1_education_e9f2c5c9a250", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["c9b934bf0af1d859.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"c9b934bf0af1d859.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T1_education_f8b6ee23585f", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["6c469295367e277f.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"6c469295367e277f.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
diff --git a/release/questions/T1/finance.jsonl b/release/questions/T1/finance.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..817dcaff356ccbc75c578d87f29fbef5d23ee892
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/questions/T1/finance.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T1_finance_033132cb1d98", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["eae6c94a9383c372.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item that consists of the file(s) \"eae6c94a9383c372.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T1_finance_0bbd55399d6f", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["02c919ea77bcf20a.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"02c919ea77bcf20a.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T1_finance_0eaad7d3583e", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["4675b492f3c62fa6.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", or \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"4675b492f3c62fa6.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T1_finance_2271d3ef6443", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["e5708abebd6bb6d9.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"e5708abebd6bb6d9.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T1_finance_28aeae6595a5", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["72850d7568463e47.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"72850d7568463e47.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T1_finance_28c70c994467", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["9e1dcbc118ee4501.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"9e1dcbc118ee4501.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T1_finance_394b2688404b", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["b56271ec4979e35f.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"b56271ec4979e35f.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T1_finance_4dc247156fab", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["6f46fdbea9bec7e9.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"6f46fdbea9bec7e9.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T1_finance_56f832e65e4d", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["599d403cbd8effe8.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"599d403cbd8effe8.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T1_finance_58dd5b8dc206", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["94d8c9dbd434a7b9.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"94d8c9dbd434a7b9.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T1_finance_59b82188150c", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["6a5f77f6ba629a1c.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"6a5f77f6ba629a1c.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T1_finance_6bbe32430c25", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["0cbe2c890718104d.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"0cbe2c890718104d.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T1_finance_745a5ee090b4", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["7abed3559ff1ab31.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"7abed3559ff1ab31.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T1_finance_77ac850c172e", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["5068ca5742554a6e.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"5068ca5742554a6e.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T1_finance_797c740d6b17", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["60f8100e87b6d9bd.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"60f8100e87b6d9bd.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T1_finance_7dcc7cd7973a", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["57e179ade82605cc.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item that consists of the file(s) \"57e179ade82605cc.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T1_finance_7f6b6e239cd5", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["806885cbd47a6cc7.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of type 'affiliation', 'author', or 'subject' are contained in the pdf item that consists of the file(s) '806885cbd47a6cc7.pdf', and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each one appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T1_finance_8504f045fe10", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["2a951064ced735b3.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"2a951064ced735b3.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T1_finance_8964b4595f55", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["a5390a404a9e429b.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"a5390a404a9e429b.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T1_finance_8c9c4c149cc5", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["53409935891ba68d.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"53409935891ba68d.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T1_finance_901f0049e91c", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["3d17a4729330e7d3.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"3d17a4729330e7d3.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T1_finance_953630f6edc8", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["a4d4289161bb04b8.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", or \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"a4d4289161bb04b8.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T1_finance_99a7665f2541", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["9cec2dec4bc45411.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"9cec2dec4bc45411.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T1_finance_a62e4bd56f03", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["28f4b703470e8bf7.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"28f4b703470e8bf7.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T1_finance_a9d1e3434d7d", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["a5ed9b5f156a5bfc.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"a5ed9b5f156a5bfc.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T1_finance_af8d77173d1a", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["7a61ff28a4b8fe14.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"7a61ff28a4b8fe14.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T1_finance_b15f208b3aed", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["47943b70adbe0a27.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"47943b70adbe0a27.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T1_finance_b1a50ad0656a", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["429466652249af74.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"429466652249af74.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T1_finance_b347c33b0513", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["17e700bdccf6bfee.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"17e700bdccf6bfee.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T1_finance_b34decb1f31e", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["821be0e8e9f4b18f.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"821be0e8e9f4b18f.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T1_finance_b886c9a47294", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["426dcf495c8f04e6.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"426dcf495c8f04e6.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T1_finance_bf87c85dd0c4", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["ebfad252b285e1e8.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"ebfad252b285e1e8.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T1_finance_c23753454b37", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["4d116f0fbf3e43b1.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"4d116f0fbf3e43b1.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T1_finance_c66b850427e3", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["6037576756aef0b7.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"6037576756aef0b7.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T1_finance_d8ce5ece29ee", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["22cc6337f63235fd.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"22cc6337f63235fd.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T1_finance_dba3203191c7", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["720998a4edd92d2c.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"720998a4edd92d2c.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T1_finance_de8b7e4eac20", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["373c5b0e1fbd3b7e.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"373c5b0e1fbd3b7e.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T1_finance_e60647f74e13", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["29d1519e8631fc69.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"29d1519e8631fc69.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T1_finance_f64a2ab64366", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["7ab09714f661303a.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"7ab09714f661303a.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T1_finance_fc07cba1a52d", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["0c0a9b066e224e73.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"0c0a9b066e224e73.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T1_finance_fda0964b1135", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["1f97455532f7f467.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"1f97455532f7f467.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
diff --git a/release/questions/T1/games.jsonl b/release/questions/T1/games.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8c366e816be8cd920f7a6f3c750427eee336455d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/questions/T1/games.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T1_games_00f69653b57b", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["5fed85374e21bfcf.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"5fed85374e21bfcf.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T1_games_04d9c58082af", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["6b605c5f42e4ecb2.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"6b605c5f42e4ecb2.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T1_games_061b1caa6faf", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["b3071680db93c0ea.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"b3071680db93c0ea.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T1_games_1aa1e0bdb1db", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["6c29b2007876a840.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"6c29b2007876a840.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T1_games_26d856391f6e", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["103cf44c4bf5a671.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"103cf44c4bf5a671.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T1_games_39d495eaa460", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["c4d3c2312f0bbe15.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"c4d3c2312f0bbe15.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T1_games_525eda0e72f0", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["99c29e8f53cd2397.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"99c29e8f53cd2397.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T1_games_558993112430", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["77dd00f73c68fa56.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" are contained in the PDF item that consists of the file(s) \"77dd00f73c68fa56.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T1_games_57ba97e23a60", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["ccc1d50fad7f098c.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"ccc1d50fad7f098c.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T1_games_5a0de25e61ba", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["71985339115c980c.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"71985339115c980c.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T1_games_64e761899f5e", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["1f94b529eea6bc68.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"1f94b529eea6bc68.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T1_games_6588befc64e7", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["1f9cdad4944ccbe5.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"1f9cdad4944ccbe5.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T1_games_718eb102604b", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["91b9a044121f8b77.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"91b9a044121f8b77.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T1_games_7aa46b2b9524", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["0422bacb8ddd9da8.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"0422bacb8ddd9da8.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T1_games_7e34600de5c6", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["8b138429fd3f3dfd.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"8b138429fd3f3dfd.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T1_games_81cbd45ab7ab", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["c36bbaf9ec420a39.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"c36bbaf9ec420a39.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T1_games_8824455f9043", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["51a28f75d86b6938.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"51a28f75d86b6938.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T1_games_91941b9cf3f5", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["20422c94c969f7ad.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"20422c94c969f7ad.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T1_games_9687c857c30d", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["29e54524e9c54781.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" are contained in the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"29e54524e9c54781.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T1_games_980b8063ae51", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["30262b1c7a211acb.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"30262b1c7a211acb.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T1_games_984862f8e428", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["86734241d6fd31ee.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"86734241d6fd31ee.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T1_games_9852d89dc883", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["121f7ec0cdda168e.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"121f7ec0cdda168e.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T1_games_9ceb19a57ab6", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["2a8a580ae8b8c524.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"2a8a580ae8b8c524.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T1_games_9cfea0f0ae69", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["6fdd8931be91b899.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"6fdd8931be91b899.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T1_games_ab7b20d620f3", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["766bf2eecea276b9.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"766bf2eecea276b9.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T1_games_ac9c57b0ea85", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["15b85791bfcddfcf.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"15b85791bfcddfcf.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T1_games_b3bf9da2b34e", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["68ea1c586dc35dd6.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"68ea1c586dc35dd6.pdf\", and in what modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T1_games_bda04f6a1607", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["a448552c7ffde9bd.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"a448552c7ffde9bd.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T1_games_c1b3fa2018b0", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["35bd992499671797.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"35bd992499671797.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T1_games_cab711e3cec2", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["c9778ab555e96114.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"c9778ab555e96114.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T1_games_caef88e39f74", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["0136900c7507334a.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"0136900c7507334a.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T1_games_d2212b492a52", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["4926c036bb600dc6.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"4926c036bb600dc6.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T1_games_d4d740ec97b4", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["5fcb74cbc552b381.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"5fcb74cbc552b381.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T1_games_d7990c17ced7", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["94121153013d2c1b.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"94121153013d2c1b.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T1_games_dc97ab905803", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["780163feece3f77c.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"780163feece3f77c.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T1_games_dda0b0e34c49", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["1722f79880588df2.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"1722f79880588df2.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T1_games_e07a7fe8ecb6", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["0d5bf566ee8c2e66.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"0d5bf566ee8c2e66.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T1_games_e6e9e7901d8a", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["a8bcbb449c7c5a10.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"a8bcbb449c7c5a10.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T1_games_eaec100c1eb6", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["2a3691f4edfc103a.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"2a3691f4edfc103a.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T1_games_f2a3540f26ff", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["d5ac88b23744cf58.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"d5ac88b23744cf58.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T1_games_f2e181218d8f", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["4507cfc4fd65528b.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"4507cfc4fd65528b.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
diff --git a/release/questions/T1/healthcare.jsonl b/release/questions/T1/healthcare.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d3e568e7fdd22d7f39d12ccb959b52e8197a2fa7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/questions/T1/healthcare.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T1_healthcare_0533dd458849", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["cb4bf71103c238bd.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"cb4bf71103c238bd.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T1_healthcare_0706046bbf8d", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["ed520f34080572bf.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"ed520f34080572bf.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T1_healthcare_11299eacd488", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["c2baca2e27cf1a15.pdf"], "text": "What entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item that consists of the file(s) \"c2baca2e27cf1a15.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T1_healthcare_135acfb2a915", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["8ba1349c49fe7f42.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"8ba1349c49fe7f42.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T1_healthcare_143a3a21405e", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["22d50973dbcad790.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"22d50973dbcad790.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T1_healthcare_1bd5bf58b446", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["ee8f7e75b9570f9a.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"ee8f7e75b9570f9a.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T1_healthcare_220abeeed6ca", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["f0f263936c9e2af6.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"f0f263936c9e2af6.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T1_healthcare_2baecb9350d3", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["4ca39dff3088d449.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"4ca39dff3088d449.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T1_healthcare_3224336069a9", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["5b65bec4b9c0c4a7.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"5b65bec4b9c0c4a7.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T1_healthcare_32c74f561a80", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["b7e2bdce74586a91.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"b7e2bdce74586a91.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T1_healthcare_35b2da7c5405", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["e75135823aa4c50f.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"e75135823aa4c50f.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T1_healthcare_3a4f183347bf", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["98232702139d422b.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"98232702139d422b.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T1_healthcare_598510a04487", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["cb491353725c2783.pdf"], "text": "What entities of type \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item that consists of the file(s) \"cb491353725c2783.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T1_healthcare_59bcff549870", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["e182146a56c5ab23.pdf"], "text": "What entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"e182146a56c5ab23.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each one appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T1_healthcare_6a8f39d76472", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["8a55b2970b72482a.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", or \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"8a55b2970b72482a.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T1_healthcare_6e33d91fb507", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["c05ad93f664f5202.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"c05ad93f664f5202.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T1_healthcare_762706889625", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["58972f90fe4c1a0d.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"58972f90fe4c1a0d.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T1_healthcare_81b57f8df385", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["4de8b434bf16bc81.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"4de8b434bf16bc81.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T1_healthcare_8a75c44db6ec", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["60d5b5767f00a709.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"60d5b5767f00a709.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each one appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T1_healthcare_92b292d78141", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["9f7a19d05ad000e0.pdf"], "text": "What entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"9f7a19d05ad000e0.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T1_healthcare_95cc4eab2621", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["f627d5c265f18b59.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"f627d5c265f18b59.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T1_healthcare_96b6eef69895", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["d16cfc3051d0c1de.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"d16cfc3051d0c1de.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T1_healthcare_99d789e7df87", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["799b9f117e90e8ef.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"799b9f117e90e8ef.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T1_healthcare_a26abf983273", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["ae093d2b5c16849b.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item that consists of the file(s) \"ae093d2b5c16849b.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T1_healthcare_a71a7bc43c72", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["fb54f6be13664cf7.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"fb54f6be13664cf7.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T1_healthcare_ab3094741d94", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["cb8981abf5091c52.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"cb8981abf5091c52.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T1_healthcare_b207faf2a014", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["ec103f967219e228.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"ec103f967219e228.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T1_healthcare_b2a60fcdea9f", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["6d25ea13c99b6d80.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"6d25ea13c99b6d80.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T1_healthcare_b5c6a160bb41", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["2ffe9589d10b1e44.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"2ffe9589d10b1e44.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T1_healthcare_b82473ac28fa", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["66df612ef060e32a.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", or \"subject\" are contained in the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"66df612ef060e32a.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T1_healthcare_c7f36bd2fa29", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["7a99e5406466bd7b.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"7a99e5406466bd7b.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T1_healthcare_cb736c60e3cc", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["b489299c819d5b39.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"b489299c819d5b39.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T1_healthcare_cb8696eb28be", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["4dede61e5fa6a256.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"4dede61e5fa6a256.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T1_healthcare_d06a9317da0a", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["0025ca820d894a2c.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item comprised of the file(s) \"0025ca820d894a2c.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T1_healthcare_d4fa1c1081b8", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["a51365af96796652.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", or \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"a51365af96796652.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T1_healthcare_db4be168bb24", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["725bc6be6583fa30.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"725bc6be6583fa30.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T1_healthcare_ddd458e00c1e", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["a88df240d5cc051e.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"a88df240d5cc051e.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T1_healthcare_dff0ca69022c", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["846b6d57c8731adb.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"846b6d57c8731adb.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T1_healthcare_e452c46d6224", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["5a86e461f653218f.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"5a86e461f653218f.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T1_healthcare_f676b735d025", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["0071e3634ad8189f.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"0071e3634ad8189f.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
diff --git a/release/questions/T1/humanities.jsonl b/release/questions/T1/humanities.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a101035293644dce5275233e0fd048ef12096d6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/questions/T1/humanities.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T1_humanities_b78320a6614a", "question": {"entity_types": ["depicted_person"], "files": ["924b82e7dcc95c14.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"depicted_person\" are contained in the image item consisting of the file(s) \"924b82e7dcc95c14.jpg\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T1_humanities_c41e6e58d529", "question": {"entity_types": ["depicted_person"], "files": ["6cec59de9c29fab1.jpg"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"depicted_person\" are contained in the image item consisting of the file(s) \"6cec59de9c29fab1.jpg\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T1_humanities_049503e0f4c3", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["cc1f0eca6e0670f6.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"cc1f0eca6e0670f6.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T1_humanities_08381086efea", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["d09b6a6ad5e7ab80.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"d09b6a6ad5e7ab80.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T1_humanities_0a3802399d69", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["cb37f6e81973c65c.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" are contained in the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"cb37f6e81973c65c.pdf\", and in what modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T1_humanities_0ab2a1332aa6", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["115b395150f20c17.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"115b395150f20c17.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T1_humanities_165fa2934a07", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["c1637619c6a99eae.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"c1637619c6a99eae.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T1_humanities_19f9425f8eaf", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["19e181ce0c3d1f92.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"19e181ce0c3d1f92.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T1_humanities_23cc7d04fc63", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["5296cb2d34b8e9b5.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"5296cb2d34b8e9b5.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T1_humanities_29396751dd3a", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["b0b711831d4dd456.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"b0b711831d4dd456.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T1_humanities_2d5ce1d36a4b", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["e9c3ca13be6ec7c5.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"e9c3ca13be6ec7c5.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T1_humanities_4484e3813411", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["bb88362b009bba9a.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"bb88362b009bba9a.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T1_humanities_449a15dcbf98", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["19cc928283742b8e.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"19cc928283742b8e.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T1_humanities_4f2504f4de6d", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["5b79006ffdf7dd33.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"5b79006ffdf7dd33.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T1_humanities_558dee59c3c8", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["61728659afdcad04.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"61728659afdcad04.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T1_humanities_682061526aab", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["3d56c4121e35a665.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"3d56c4121e35a665.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T1_humanities_6bcb8c246aeb", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["c609bd9c0909c1af.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"c609bd9c0909c1af.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T1_humanities_6c4585226f3e", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["558ec18718dd419c.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"558ec18718dd419c.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T1_humanities_715b186497c6", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["6f68ff42f6079af6.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"6f68ff42f6079af6.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T1_humanities_7235e77e5f1d", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["dc36965618fd5a1e.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of type \"affiliation\" and \"author\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"dc36965618fd5a1e.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T1_humanities_76e8907a26be", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["8c1f17e7e27d141f.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"8c1f17e7e27d141f.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T1_humanities_82452d29d3d5", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["fb71e2a31c3eac1d.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"fb71e2a31c3eac1d.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T1_humanities_8e5f03409cb4", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["618ef350769919b5.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"618ef350769919b5.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T1_humanities_8fc0686dc18b", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["76dcdddc48bf4be0.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"76dcdddc48bf4be0.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T1_humanities_93e6ae1ec2ed", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["7f7b561d2d5f0622.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"7f7b561d2d5f0622.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T1_humanities_a25c74e13649", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["176e90174067a2ab.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"176e90174067a2ab.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T1_humanities_a4a40d55d68e", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["7ad78b4cd93c8650.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"7ad78b4cd93c8650.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T1_humanities_aa671d0ed295", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["36d831a6af857e05.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"36d831a6af857e05.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T1_humanities_b230c65a3abb", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["265370503f9c3fef.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"265370503f9c3fef.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T1_humanities_b75f8ebaf59d", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["ad8e013bd58c99d4.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"ad8e013bd58c99d4.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T1_humanities_bdd1e6217de3", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["7187e2d6b32e7013.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"7187e2d6b32e7013.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T1_humanities_be2949dcce21", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["acfa048cd5f3a7d2.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"acfa048cd5f3a7d2.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T1_humanities_c012d777c7ad", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["a37765ff0b232cf1.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"a37765ff0b232cf1.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T1_humanities_c2f9881179fe", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["ce16148bc1af5c33.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"ce16148bc1af5c33.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T1_humanities_c3aaa6016e49", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["cb8932ffadf2f664.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"cb8932ffadf2f664.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T1_humanities_d1b727f7bef3", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["c61a02cc0d5ad8c1.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"c61a02cc0d5ad8c1.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T1_humanities_d798cf5a7494", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["0ad1724872347db0.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"0ad1724872347db0.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T1_humanities_dc6c3562e2b1", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["c7976a4b7e4ee5d3.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"c7976a4b7e4ee5d3.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T1_humanities_df7196a0625e", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["30b14cbeb26769ac.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"30b14cbeb26769ac.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T1_humanities_e638d652e301", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["144f18e9b4a1ee6a.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"144f18e9b4a1ee6a.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T1_humanities_f001f16e198a", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["85618e2cd4a9fd0f.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"85618e2cd4a9fd0f.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
diff --git a/release/questions/T1/law.jsonl b/release/questions/T1/law.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ee9455f63115d2ae0d00c395c4835a3e6f2d92e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/questions/T1/law.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T1_law_0331adeaba2a", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["7d26c59bf147d210.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"7d26c59bf147d210.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T1_law_0ef8f2bd0ef3", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["152ba1269dee24ce.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"152ba1269dee24ce.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T1_law_12cebfe213e4", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["3070cff8edc9acff.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"3070cff8edc9acff.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T1_law_1551e745c8ce", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["ce25cac5c7346068.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"ce25cac5c7346068.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T1_law_161fb4ff9915", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["75d1cea6b61b9628.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"75d1cea6b61b9628.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T1_law_3918af46305a", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["f2445cd185172a10.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"f2445cd185172a10.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T1_law_411b9bd3ec1e", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["7fa78487dc4976c4.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" are contained in the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"7fa78487dc4976c4.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T1_law_4a0d05a5a5fd", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["2b58cad4ea8f4e7c.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" are contained in the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"2b58cad4ea8f4e7c.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T1_law_4a70419eaf63", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["ad90363d4f0110ec.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"ad90363d4f0110ec.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T1_law_4c5704a493de", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["01c0c05aada5f4da.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"01c0c05aada5f4da.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T1_law_5455be3dc037", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["73699f107481ef45.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"73699f107481ef45.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T1_law_56d21c348502", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["c27673a72028df1e.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"c27673a72028df1e.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T1_law_5972dcfb4e7a", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["6857388e007f19eb.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"6857388e007f19eb.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T1_law_5b7ad70e42a3", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["70109bd36d8448ef.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"70109bd36d8448ef.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T1_law_6385d5c3b96b", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["9b065dca31764dac.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"9b065dca31764dac.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T1_law_66d2ad13d0b8", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["ad49b25686b3c8d0.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"ad49b25686b3c8d0.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T1_law_6fadd66e8de2", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["7065c51a1036c2ec.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"7065c51a1036c2ec.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T1_law_752b33225f21", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["9d1efe0e5c61efb1.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"9d1efe0e5c61efb1.pdf\" contain, and in what modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T1_law_8a598175cffd", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["f4ee6a28b4d8610a.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"f4ee6a28b4d8610a.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T1_law_93830fc04123", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["7d5d58e516cedbfe.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"7d5d58e516cedbfe.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T1_law_94303eddfd25", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["23f0f0280cff8f62.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"23f0f0280cff8f62.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T1_law_98bdba494f06", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["3c00c49dfb4c484a.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"3c00c49dfb4c484a.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T1_law_9de21d9bb82f", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["90da934044547285.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"90da934044547285.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T1_law_a9c51b9612db", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["fdc0cae06eb3d7fa.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"fdc0cae06eb3d7fa.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T1_law_b5f7d34d33b5", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["969724ea9ab231cb.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"969724ea9ab231cb.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T1_law_b8392eed418b", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["3a67e714e5463107.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"3a67e714e5463107.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T1_law_b8704b2bb770", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["b9acf49535a7d6d3.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"b9acf49535a7d6d3.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T1_law_c1b4c2fa7b03", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["c8f350e651c8247f.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"c8f350e651c8247f.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T1_law_c681402c1b13", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["cb18ca001b008ed4.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"cb18ca001b008ed4.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T1_law_ca8dc628876e", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["4da0b29124dd22e4.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"4da0b29124dd22e4.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T1_law_ca9f703350de", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["e3ce822a587fab4c.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"e3ce822a587fab4c.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T1_law_cadb218ae815", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["6ca5b22e2921cce5.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"6ca5b22e2921cce5.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T1_law_e11fb2820ba7", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["3744b2fc94130289.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"3744b2fc94130289.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T1_law_f2a1bf1c882f", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["8d2583dd79a79d5f.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"8d2583dd79a79d5f.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T1_law_f585f0907cce", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["bcbe8cb756348e31.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"bcbe8cb756348e31.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T1_law_fb5ae5516044", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author"], "files": ["8be38490fe66721d.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\" and \"author\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"8be38490fe66721d.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
diff --git a/release/questions/T1/music.jsonl b/release/questions/T1/music.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..401508bb02879159df0c44785fb21802ab9fb71d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/questions/T1/music.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T1_music_02ac44711ba6", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["9be7e3f49bf33058.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"9be7e3f49bf33058.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T1_music_09c4ea556fa5", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["739a0f163c23358d.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"739a0f163c23358d.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T1_music_1098e167494a", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["101f13ea78c1fc6f.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"101f13ea78c1fc6f.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T1_music_10c756cbb2c0", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["8a4057de5ca07409.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"8a4057de5ca07409.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T1_music_1d97ba4d37f7", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["a973d1afad5994fe.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"a973d1afad5994fe.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T1_music_26dbe708974d", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["0546fab140c26a6c.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"0546fab140c26a6c.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T1_music_271a756e70c6", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["3c89e256217c6010.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"3c89e256217c6010.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T1_music_2dde0cd2c85b", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["9c1470acebba8a1f.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"9c1470acebba8a1f.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T1_music_2ee064f7364c", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["64e2897bf8ef13fd.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"64e2897bf8ef13fd.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T1_music_35940327e5e3", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["a4ceaa4c0fcaf986.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"a4ceaa4c0fcaf986.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T1_music_3f52d6f05c1e", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["7f40944a51a98ee8.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"7f40944a51a98ee8.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T1_music_45fbf51b67cf", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["5fb2f9170e8d47f9.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"5fb2f9170e8d47f9.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T1_music_538670ddae28", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["0966159f7adeafbf.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"0966159f7adeafbf.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T1_music_58a0e5071137", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["f519a3dcc0286d4e.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", or \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"f519a3dcc0286d4e.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T1_music_5f7a1748b4fd", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["9a5c80fb444ec610.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"9a5c80fb444ec610.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T1_music_6bfebe262b26", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["1d4ea2faabf8773c.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"1d4ea2faabf8773c.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T1_music_6f05e86e76d9", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["51a77712ef5962be.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"51a77712ef5962be.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T1_music_733f60858834", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["41ce1a5f68c54f1c.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"41ce1a5f68c54f1c.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T1_music_76fa426f4abd", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["873462f75320dfe2.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"873462f75320dfe2.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T1_music_82a49eaa94d7", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["cdd6dbfaade54416.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"cdd6dbfaade54416.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T1_music_8ac9014caec4", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["ee1b36252dd278f6.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"ee1b36252dd278f6.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T1_music_924c33acdcc3", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["f5fe4a1dec59b4a9.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"f5fe4a1dec59b4a9.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T1_music_9a82cce750a4", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["f85e37c023700b16.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"f85e37c023700b16.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T1_music_9c045bedd481", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["c89584093f6f4c8c.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"c89584093f6f4c8c.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T1_music_a097d49336aa", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["551ff4c626a9801c.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"551ff4c626a9801c.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T1_music_ad10c14f2b93", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["5a81cd32c9634582.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"5a81cd32c9634582.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T1_music_b5e6cc97c0ad", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["b7775fe107e45e06.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"b7775fe107e45e06.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T1_music_c739a8936456", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["d3fb9a755a0841cc.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"d3fb9a755a0841cc.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T1_music_c9d6646af6a5", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["ea8ee95ac002b096.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"ea8ee95ac002b096.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T1_music_cca02bab30f0", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["8b4d3163f1607b78.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", or \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"8b4d3163f1607b78.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T1_music_ccd39c2b7de1", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["056baed4b1a030f9.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"056baed4b1a030f9.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T1_music_d1a7242c3639", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["76e5209985b47599.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"76e5209985b47599.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T1_music_d72d45ba2760", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["defd9004dc941ea0.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item that consists of the file(s) \"defd9004dc941ea0.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T1_music_d773ebe12b95", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["4e142b44c7d027d9.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"4e142b44c7d027d9.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T1_music_db2217653f73", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["6c7567be3491cd8a.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"6c7567be3491cd8a.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T1_music_e17c76caad97", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["8860da521f57f64a.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"8860da521f57f64a.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T1_music_e2cffb2c4afd", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["80cac2437a78ba29.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"80cac2437a78ba29.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T1_music_f1974fa1b33b", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["f66c8660a660ec6e.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"f66c8660a660ec6e.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T1_music_f243c40ac5aa", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["2340a92167d8a065.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"2340a92167d8a065.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T1_music_f9ca058aee3d", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["f24f4c320c2b325c.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"f24f4c320c2b325c.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T1_music_fc9af3679c19", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["fef1144b7d92905f.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"fef1144b7d92905f.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
diff --git a/release/questions/T1/politics.jsonl b/release/questions/T1/politics.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..98c66d491a2108a1e8e6906fd05735696430015a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/questions/T1/politics.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T1_politics_0206073976f7", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["f5681f79d7b0ed45.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of type \"author\" and \"subject\" are contained in the PDF item that consists of the file(s) \"f5681f79d7b0ed45.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T1_politics_0d57d9ec12ce", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["19273398254256e7.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"19273398254256e7.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T1_politics_0e2ab0135ea9", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["7dab9d1829dbb221.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"7dab9d1829dbb221.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T1_politics_0e90b8d9aab8", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["42e81c5ad3ca0280.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"42e81c5ad3ca0280.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T1_politics_0e9ba2f6ba45", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["fe3c21c761ce3cd0.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"fe3c21c761ce3cd0.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T1_politics_0ff6353038bf", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["e66dc889e0502869.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"e66dc889e0502869.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T1_politics_17cfe4274c6c", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["346d08864a9a7717.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"346d08864a9a7717.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T1_politics_1a2d9d4b6cf2", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["b5e758c1371b06ce.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"b5e758c1371b06ce.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T1_politics_2426d8ef4311", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["3b73af4f4e52b900.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"3b73af4f4e52b900.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T1_politics_30a179897867", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["389052741ac7ba55.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"389052741ac7ba55.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T1_politics_340b9996189c", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["caf554991bdb814c.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"caf554991bdb814c.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T1_politics_4063089ac4a9", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["d2d295992efe1cf8.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"d2d295992efe1cf8.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T1_politics_42fcc8b59d3b", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["fe27df58be86f8da.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"fe27df58be86f8da.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T1_politics_4df21549f8f7", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["532966f344b3e483.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"532966f344b3e483.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T1_politics_5248b551c1b8", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["b2ddd96ed90d0f95.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"b2ddd96ed90d0f95.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T1_politics_5cfacfbea53c", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["b29732ae8a75adc7.pdf"], "text": "What entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"b29732ae8a75adc7.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T1_politics_653e3710519a", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["6690508f9e7bbd71.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"6690508f9e7bbd71.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T1_politics_6551752c93ab", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["75517cf7357a69de.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"75517cf7357a69de.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T1_politics_6f0161a4a8fd", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["aea6d5a872eda64b.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"aea6d5a872eda64b.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T1_politics_72ddd6f0f730", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["3d7390de554ca2df.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"3d7390de554ca2df.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T1_politics_7de342b57617", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["bbe3c3bc31cbe2d2.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item that consists of the file(s) \"bbe3c3bc31cbe2d2.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T1_politics_8ef645e5add5", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["2ff323ac35938c9e.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"2ff323ac35938c9e.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T1_politics_8ef73d9fc927", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["92166ecddb75e2a2.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"92166ecddb75e2a2.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T1_politics_912d987561ff", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["f8ae9ba008ff4058.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" are contained in the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"f8ae9ba008ff4058.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T1_politics_92d23fd87a25", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["146e4be338c10b05.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"146e4be338c10b05.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T1_politics_9391f2171016", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["788aaf3e345a5c68.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"788aaf3e345a5c68.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T1_politics_9717e0272cb3", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["2efd6451c0bec60e.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"2efd6451c0bec60e.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T1_politics_b19b00a9166a", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["50dcee6190689636.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"50dcee6190689636.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T1_politics_be0ae3e773eb", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["848074ddd4b6baf8.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"848074ddd4b6baf8.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T1_politics_c915f167a59c", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["40482fd0e46ce2f6.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"40482fd0e46ce2f6.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T1_politics_cb39301c4ff6", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["baba14312950ede6.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the PDF item containing the file(s) \"baba14312950ede6.pdf\" include, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each one appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T1_politics_cd3a59a83790", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["0259b320b726e941.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"0259b320b726e941.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T1_politics_d87f1bb8405f", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["89fc57950fdf7d10.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"89fc57950fdf7d10.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T1_politics_dabea6f87ccf", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["2253a14cf507c17a.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of type \"author\" and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"2253a14cf507c17a.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T1_politics_f2149b0242ff", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["aff62145645b28ea.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"aff62145645b28ea.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T1_politics_f2751f7faf82", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["f87da917a09dd2f7.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item that consists of the file(s) \"f87da917a09dd2f7.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T1_politics_f38955816643", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["4e336e44d92b625f.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" are contained in the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"4e336e44d92b625f.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each one appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T1_politics_f38e6acdd25e", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["a3383e198c004229.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\", \"subject\" does the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"a3383e198c004229.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T1_politics_f5a1518c730d", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["a1dc66cf882ee777.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"author\" and \"subject\" does the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"a1dc66cf882ee777.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T1_politics_f70315809c4b", "question": {"entity_types": ["author", "subject"], "files": ["bde461c6c6f8e65e.pdf"], "text": "What entities of type \"author\" and \"subject\" are contained in the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"bde461c6c6f8e65e.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each one appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
diff --git a/release/questions/T1/psychology.jsonl b/release/questions/T1/psychology.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e1cb02ebbb5485c6ae941ebf65db7d9ee3cdde52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/questions/T1/psychology.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T1_psychology_0166e64322d2", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["87abc5a5a58f42c1.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"87abc5a5a58f42c1.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T1_psychology_0235c3eab7e2", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["5159f2f522079866.pdf"], "text": "What entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"5159f2f522079866.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T1_psychology_0d98808930e7", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["0f4735329fbd6c70.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"0f4735329fbd6c70.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T1_psychology_1a37a16a011d", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["dcbc23ef376b9f57.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"dcbc23ef376b9f57.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T1_psychology_2a0ac0e72efa", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["a170e93886513fb0.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"a170e93886513fb0.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T1_psychology_2dbefdf21895", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["d1395b48580ec430.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item that consists of the file(s) \"d1395b48580ec430.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T1_psychology_3086bb6d83c4", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["91b503b62ec7c037.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"91b503b62ec7c037.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T1_psychology_30e6852511b3", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["001f21a9a5961690.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"001f21a9a5961690.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T1_psychology_31305ee57db0", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["5806607674ba9813.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"5806607674ba9813.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T1_psychology_36170c77a665", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["0b4397bfe23f7626.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"0b4397bfe23f7626.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T1_psychology_37fe4c23a6a2", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["a63dc45941cf9c34.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"a63dc45941cf9c34.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T1_psychology_419ae1609413", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["a699cec472ff2a92.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"a699cec472ff2a92.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T1_psychology_4571dac27cac", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["c887a44c6793a4c0.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"c887a44c6793a4c0.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each one appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T1_psychology_472b822b35eb", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["cdb9e3014ecc0a3e.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"cdb9e3014ecc0a3e.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T1_psychology_4db5fc261b95", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["cd030a712c8cfa98.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" are contained in the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"cd030a712c8cfa98.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T1_psychology_7691945ad890", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["9bd178b9e03cd477.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"9bd178b9e03cd477.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T1_psychology_7b8a5bb9dac7", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["1c4d26e9d7eeb891.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the PDF item that consists of the file(s) \"1c4d26e9d7eeb891.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T1_psychology_7ec30eb4c45e", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["a5fc5bdf03b56222.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"a5fc5bdf03b56222.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T1_psychology_8c9cc3a2fb6a", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["2fbd0ec36e617963.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"2fbd0ec36e617963.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T1_psychology_8de9800ec024", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["b09ea97e8c023e6a.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"b09ea97e8c023e6a.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T1_psychology_8e17c3dc119e", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["fbd0aa113e060275.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"fbd0aa113e060275.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T1_psychology_8fd558cd3efc", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["c2e0602f51206d70.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"c2e0602f51206d70.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T1_psychology_91c9c8de67d4", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["779f385cf5b602cd.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"779f385cf5b602cd.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T1_psychology_9602ad7048f5", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["8c079fcd34e8a533.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"8c079fcd34e8a533.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T1_psychology_98ae53166ddc", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["3c8630d2cac9c8aa.pdf"], "text": "What entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"3c8630d2cac9c8aa.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T1_psychology_9ad7f5896276", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["343d0feaaecaeed5.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the PDF item consisting of the file(s) \"343d0feaaecaeed5.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T1_psychology_a24f110e2ab5", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["9a9b7ffc690cbbac.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"9a9b7ffc690cbbac.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T1_psychology_ae628e2827aa", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["e6ca711a9aa642a5.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"e6ca711a9aa642a5.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T1_psychology_b75c55ca43b8", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["cb444df45f0f3616.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"cb444df45f0f3616.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T1_psychology_b77830c3fb6b", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["5d1677f308f31aa6.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"5d1677f308f31aa6.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T1_psychology_b8ca6f247895", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["ba2aa44816a72db2.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"ba2aa44816a72db2.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T1_psychology_bf68c87e8163", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["d0e1b44231718a23.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"d0e1b44231718a23.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T1_psychology_c522a010d42b", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["efee61d2f00a0361.pdf"], "text": "What entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"efee61d2f00a0361.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T1_psychology_d1c138597934", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["5c3bb0b52b64c679.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"5c3bb0b52b64c679.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T1_psychology_d680e3eb4be9", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["4253453eba7e36fc.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", or \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"4253453eba7e36fc.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T1_psychology_d939d6f1f006", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["30669bf4936ef1f8.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"30669bf4936ef1f8.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T1_psychology_df255f28bad0", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["e73ff2a968cd1749.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", or \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"e73ff2a968cd1749.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T1_psychology_efab882ecc84", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["22f3694b1f5683e1.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" does the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"22f3694b1f5683e1.pdf\" contain, and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T1_psychology_f76518a7d302", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["e8a0ffc5e5022d36.pdf"], "text": "Which entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"e8a0ffc5e5022d36.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio, or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
+{"answer_type": "entity_set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T1_psychology_fa7c812c2482", "question": {"entity_types": ["affiliation", "author", "subject"], "files": ["cf07cf0ed7b66cc8.pdf"], "text": "What entities of the types \"affiliation\", \"author\", and \"subject\" are contained in the pdf item consisting of the file(s) \"cf07cf0ed7b66cc8.pdf\", and in which modality (text, pdf, image, audio or video) does each appear?"}, "task": "T1"}
diff --git a/release/questions/T2/building.jsonl b/release/questions/T2/building.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dda69b1b3dffa1144659870236abb6506acc3811
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/questions/T2/building.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Floor plan. Rooms (10): Outdoor ×2, Bath Shower, DraughtLobby, Entry Lobby, Kitchen Kitchenette, LivingRoom, Storage Shed, Undefined, UserDefined. Walls ×21; railings ×1; windows ×3; doors ×7. Fixed furniture: Closet ×5, BaseCabinet ×2, Sink ×2, CoatCloset, CoatRack, GEARound, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, SpaceForAppliance2, Toilet, WallCabinet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (20): Undefined ×4, UserDefined ×4, Attic, Bath, Bath Shower, Bedroom, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor, Outdoor Porch, Room, Storage, Storage Oil. Walls ×52; windows ×18; doors ×20; stairs ×4. Fixed furniture: BaseCabinet ×8, Closet ×2, DoubleSink, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Shower, Sink.", "Floor plan. Rooms (17): Room ×3, Bath Shower ×2, Undefined ×2, Bath, Dining, Entry, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor, Outdoor Balcony, Outdoor Terrace, Utility Laundry. Walls ×29; railings ×6; windows ×16; doors ×13; columns ×4; stairs ×3. Fixed furniture: Closet ×20, BaseCabinet ×4, RoundSink ×3, Shower ×3, ShowerScreen ×3, WallCabinet ×3, ElectricalAppliance ×2, Misc ×2, SpaceForAppliance2 ×2, Toilet ×2, CoatCloset, DoubleSink, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove.", "Floor plan. Rooms (9): Room ×3, Undefined ×2, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, Outdoor, UserDefined. Walls ×52; railings ×5; windows ×6; doors ×5. Fixed furniture: Closet ×9, BaseCabinet ×2, SaunaBench ×2, SaunaStove, Shower, Sink, Toilet, WashingMachine."], "persona": "building", "qid": "T2_building_f57300e61024", "question": {"media": "313738f8ea957a00.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"313738f8ea957a00.png\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Floor plan. Rooms (11): Bedroom ×2, Undefined ×2, Bath, Bath Shower, Closet WalkIn, Dining, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor Balcony. Walls ×19; railings ×3; windows ×5; doors ×11; columns ×1. Fixed furniture: Closet ×9, BaseCabinet ×4, WallCabinet ×3, CoatCloset ×2, Sink ×2, SpaceForAppliance ×2, DoubleSink, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Shower, ShowerScreen, Toilet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (7): Bedroom ×2, Bath, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor, Undefined. Walls ×18; railings ×1; windows ×8; doors ×6. Fixed furniture: Closet ×5, CoatCloset ×4, WallCabinet ×3, BaseCabinet ×2, Housing ×2, Dishwasher, DoubleSink, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, Shower, Sink, Toilet, WashingMachine.", "Floor plan. Rooms (7): Bath, DraughtLobby, DressingRoom, Elevated, Outdoor Terrace, Room, Undefined. Walls ×24; railings ×1; windows ×5; doors ×5; columns ×1; stairs ×2. Fixed furniture: SaunaBench ×3, BaseCabinet, DoubleSink, Fireplace, IntegratedStove, Misc, SaunaStove, WallCabinet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (5): Bath, Bedroom, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom. Walls ×16; windows ×4; doors ×3. Fixed furniture: Closet ×4, BaseCabinet ×2, CoatCloset, Dishwasher, DoubleSinkRight, Housing, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, Shower, Sink, SpaceForAppliance2, Toilet, WallCabinet."], "persona": "building", "qid": "T2_building_9a4f2f88a669", "question": {"media": "b4f18a69adbf1b68.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"b4f18a69adbf1b68.png\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Floor plan. Rooms (11): Undefined ×5, Bedroom ×2, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor, UserDefined. Walls ×23; railings ×1; windows ×5; doors ×11. Fixed furniture: Closet ×7, BaseCabinet ×3, CoatCloset ×3, Sink ×2, Dishwasher, Fireplace, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, Shower, ShowerScreen, Toilet, WallCabinet, WashingMachine.", "Floor plan. Rooms (14): Bedroom ×2, Outdoor CoveredArea ×2, Bath, Bath Shower, CarPort, Closet WalkIn, Entry Lobby, LivingRoom, Storage, Undefined, UserDefined, Utility Laundry. Walls ×27; railings ×1; windows ×8; doors ×11; columns ×5; stairs ×3. Fixed furniture: Closet ×7, BaseCabinet ×3, WallCabinet ×3, CoatCloset ×2, ElectricalAppliance ×2, Sink ×2, Toilet ×2, Chimney, DoubleSinkRight, Fireplace, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Shower, SpaceForAppliance2, WashingMachine.", "Floor plan. Rooms (9): Room ×3, Undefined ×2, Bath, Closet WalkIn, Kitchen, Outdoor. Walls ×15; railings ×2; windows ×7; doors ×9. Fixed furniture: BaseCabinet ×3, WallCabinet ×2, Bathtub, Closet, CoatCloset, DoubleSink, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, Shower, Sink, Toilet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (29): Bath ×4, Bedroom ×3, Undefined ×3, Closet WalkIn ×2, Entry ×2, Outdoor ×2, UserDefined ×2, Bath Shower, Den Fireplace, Dining, DressingRoom, Entry Lobby, Hall, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Room, Storage, Utility Laundry. Walls ×76; railings ×3; windows ×27; doors ×21; stairs ×5. Fixed furniture: CoatCloset ×2, Shower ×2, Bathtub, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, SaunaStoveRound."], "persona": "building", "qid": "T2_building_c468b67aeec2", "question": {"media": "852e837bf556b2ab.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"852e837bf556b2ab.png\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Floor plan. Rooms (12): Undefined ×3, Bath Shower, Bedroom, Dining, DraughtLobby, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor, Outdoor Terrace. Walls ×15; railings ×1; windows ×3; doors ×7. Fixed furniture: Closet ×9, BaseCabinet ×3, ElectricalAppliance ×2, Sink ×2, CoatCloset, Dishwasher, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Shower, Toilet, WallCabinet, WashingMachine.", "Floor plan. Rooms (7): Undefined ×2, Bath, Bedroom, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor. Walls ×25; railings ×1; windows ×3; doors ×5. Fixed furniture: Closet ×4, BaseCabinet ×2, CoatCloset ×2, WallCabinet ×2, DoubleSinkRight, Housing, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Shower, Sink, SpaceForAppliance2, Toilet, WashingMachine.", "Floor plan. Rooms (20): Undefined ×14, Attic, Bath, Entry Lobby, LivingRoom, Storage, UserDefined. Walls ×50; windows ×18; doors ×18; stairs ×2. Fixed furniture: Closet ×13, BaseCabinet ×5, WallCabinet ×3, Sink ×2, Toilet ×2, DoubleSink, ElectricalAppliance, Fireplace, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Shower, SpaceForAppliance2, WashingMachine.", "Floor plan. Rooms (10): Bath ×2, Bedroom ×2, Undefined ×2, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor Balcony. Walls ×24; railings ×3; windows ×6; doors ×7; columns ×1. Fixed furniture: Closet ×7, Housing ×6, BaseCabinet ×3, CoatCloset ×3, ShowerScreen ×3, WallCabinet ×3, RoundSink ×2, Toilet ×2, Dishwasher, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Shower, Sink, WashingMachine."], "persona": "building", "qid": "T2_building_e29d45b2d027", "question": {"media": "601dc481e549de2d.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"601dc481e549de2d.png\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Floor plan. Rooms (12): Undefined ×3, Bath, Bedroom, DraughtLobby, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor, Outdoor Terrace, Storage. Walls ×21; railings ×3; windows ×4; doors ×7; columns ×3; stairs ×1. Fixed furniture: Closet ×7, BaseCabinet ×2, ShowerScreen ×2, CoatCloset, Dishwasher, DoubleSink, ElectricalAppliance, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStoveRound, Shower, Sink, Toilet, WallCabinet, WashingMachine.", "Floor plan. Rooms (7): Room ×2, Bath, Closet WalkIn, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, Outdoor. Walls ×16; railings ×1; windows ×3; doors ×7. Fixed furniture: BaseCabinet ×3, Closet ×3, WallCabinet ×2, Bathtub, CoatCloset, CoatRack, DoubleSink, Housing, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, Shower, Sink, Toilet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (23): Bedroom ×4, Outdoor ×4, Bath ×2, Closet WalkIn ×2, DraughtLobby, Entry, Entry Lobby, Garage, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor Terrace, Storage, Undefined, UserDefined, Utility Laundry. Walls ×45; railings ×6; windows ×22; doors ×18; columns ×3; stairs ×2. Fixed furniture: Closet ×13, CoatCloset ×9, BaseCabinet ×6, Sink ×4, SaunaBench ×3, WallCabinet ×3, Chimney ×2, Refrigerator ×2, Toilet ×2, Dishwasher, Fireplace, Housing, IntegratedStove, SaunaStove, Shower, ShowerScreen, TumbleDryer, WashingMachine.", "Floor plan. Rooms (6): Bath, Closet WalkIn, Entry Lobby, Kitchen Kitchenette, LivingRoom, UserDefined. Walls ×13; railings ×1; windows ×2; doors ×5. Fixed furniture: Closet ×4, BaseCabinet ×2, CoatCloset ×2, Sink ×2, IntegratedStove, Toilet, TumbleDryer, WallCabinet, WashingMachine."], "persona": "building", "qid": "T2_building_95948cb72a44", "question": {"media": "b0c2b7ea1d91e76e.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"b0c2b7ea1d91e76e.png\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Floor plan. Rooms (15): Bedroom ×2, Outdoor ×2, Bath, Bath Shower, Closet WalkIn, Dining, DraughtLobby, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor CoveredArea, Storage, Undefined. Walls ×22; railings ×4; windows ×8; doors ×14; columns ×3. Fixed furniture: Closet ×7, BaseCabinet ×3, SaunaBench ×3, WallCabinet ×2, CoatCloset, DoubleSink, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, SaunaStove, Shower, Sink, Toilet, WashingMachine.", "Floor plan. Rooms (5): Undefined ×2, Entry Lobby, Outdoor, Room. Walls ×11; windows ×11; doors ×3; stairs ×1. Fixed furniture: SaunaBench ×3, SaunaStove.", "Floor plan. Rooms (8): Undefined ×2, Bath, Bedroom, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom, UserDefined. Walls ×20; railings ×1; windows ×6; doors ×5. Fixed furniture: BaseCabinet ×5, Closet ×4, CoatCloset ×3, SpaceForAppliance2 ×2, WallCabinet ×2, DoubleSinkRight, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, RoundSink, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Shower, ShowerScreen, Toilet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (18): Bath ×3, Bedroom ×2, Undefined ×2, Bath Shower, Closet WalkIn, Den Fireplace, DraughtLobby, Entry Lobby, Garage, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor, Sauna, Storage. Walls ×30; windows ×14; doors ×17; columns ×3; stairs ×3. Fixed furniture: Closet ×18, BaseCabinet ×5, WallCabinet ×4, CoatCloset ×2, Sink ×2, Toilet ×2, CornerSink, Dishwasher, Fireplace, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Shower, WaterTap."], "persona": "building", "qid": "T2_building_8965aecf2971", "question": {"media": "644f51fb5a23b3f7.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"644f51fb5a23b3f7.png\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Floor plan. Rooms (15): Bedroom ×3, Bath ×2, Outdoor ×2, UserDefined ×2, Closet WalkIn, Entry Lobby, Garage, Kitchen, Storage, Undefined. Walls ×30; windows ×21; doors ×14; stairs ×1. Fixed furniture: Closet ×7, BaseCabinet ×4, ElectricalAppliance ×4, WallCabinet ×3, RoundSink ×2, SaunaBenchHigh ×2, Shower ×2, Toilet ×2, CoatCloset, DoubleSinkRight, IntegratedStove, PlaceForFireplace, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, ShowerScreen, Sink, SpaceForAppliance2.", "Floor plan. Rooms (22): Outdoor ×5, Bedroom ×3, Closet WalkIn ×2, Storage ×2, Undefined ×2, Bath, Bath Shower, CarPort, Entry Lobby, Kitchen Open, LivingRoom, TechnicalRoom Boiler, UserDefined. Walls ×37; windows ×10; doors ×18; columns ×1. Fixed furniture: BaseCabinet ×5, Closet ×5, CoatCloset ×4, Sink ×2, WallCabinet ×2, Dishwasher, DoubleSink, ElectricalAppliance, FireplaceCorner, Heater, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStoveRound, Shower, ShowerScreen, Toilet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (9): Bath, Bath Shower, Entry Lobby, ExerciseRoom Gym, Kitchen, Outdoor, Outdoor Porch, Room, Undefined. Walls ×23; railings ×7; windows ×12; doors ×8; stairs ×3. Fixed furniture: Closet ×4, BaseCabinet ×3, CoatCloset ×2, Sink ×2, WallCabinet ×2, Dishwasher, DoubleSinkRight, Heater, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Shower, ShowerScreen, Toilet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (22): Room ×4, Undefined ×3, Closet WalkIn ×2, Storage ×2, Bath, Bath Shower, DraughtLobby, Garage, LivingRoom, Outdoor CoveredArea, Outdoor Porch, Outdoor Terrace, Storage Oil, TechnicalRoom Boiler, Utility Laundry. Walls ×41; railings ×4; windows ×14; doors ×22; columns ×9. Fixed furniture: Closet ×9, BaseCabinet ×6, WallCabinet ×6, CoatCloset ×3, ElectricalAppliance ×2, Sink ×2, Toilet ×2, CoatRack, DoubleSink, FireplaceCorner, HighHeater, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, RoundSink, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Shower, SpaceForAppliance2, WashingMachine, WoodStove."], "persona": "building", "qid": "T2_building_2dcf0cf3776c", "question": {"media": "4fcd9286e95fb9f5.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"4fcd9286e95fb9f5.png\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Floor plan. Rooms (17): Bedroom ×3, Bath ×2, Bath Shower, Closet WalkIn, Entry, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor Balcony, Outdoor Porch, Outdoor Terrace, Storage, Undefined, Utility Laundry. Walls ×35; railings ×12; windows ×14; doors ×13; columns ×15; stairs ×3. Fixed furniture: Closet ×9, BaseCabinet ×5, WallCabinet ×4, ElectricalAppliance ×2, RoundSink ×2, Shower ×2, Toilet ×2, Chimney, CoatCloset, DoubleSinkRight, Fireplace, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Sink, SpaceForAppliance2, TumbleDryer, WashingMachine.", "Floor plan. Rooms (5): Undefined ×2, Entry Lobby, Outdoor, Room. Walls ×11; windows ×11; doors ×3; stairs ×1. Fixed furniture: SaunaBench ×3, SaunaStove.", "Floor plan. Rooms (14): Bedroom ×2, Outdoor CoveredArea ×2, Bath, Bath Shower, CarPort, Closet WalkIn, Entry Lobby, LivingRoom, Storage, Undefined, UserDefined, Utility Laundry. Walls ×27; railings ×1; windows ×8; doors ×11; columns ×5; stairs ×3. Fixed furniture: Closet ×7, BaseCabinet ×3, WallCabinet ×3, CoatCloset ×2, ElectricalAppliance ×2, Sink ×2, Toilet ×2, Chimney, DoubleSinkRight, Fireplace, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Shower, SpaceForAppliance2, WashingMachine.", "Floor plan. Rooms (24): Room ×4, Undefined ×3, Bath ×2, Closet WalkIn ×2, Outdoor ×2, Bath Shower, Dining, DraughtLobby, Entry Lobby, Garage, Hall, Kitchen, LivingRoom, RecreationRoom, Storage, UserDefined. Walls ×48; railings ×4; windows ×27; doors ×20; columns ×4. Fixed furniture: Closet ×12, CoatCloset ×9, BaseCabinet ×7, WallCabinet ×4, SaunaBenchMid ×3, SpaceForAppliance2 ×3, ShowerScreen ×2, Sink ×2, Toilet ×2, Dishwasher, DoubleRefrigerator, DoubleSink, ElectricalAppliance, Fireplace, Housing, IntegratedStove, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaStove, Shower, TumbleDryer, WashingMachine."], "persona": "building", "qid": "T2_building_66f7864af54f", "question": {"media": "797c2847fc660cd1.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"797c2847fc660cd1.png\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Floor plan. Rooms (18): Undefined ×8, Bedroom ×3, Outdoor ×2, Dining, Kitchen, LivingRoom, UserDefined, Utility Laundry. Walls ×38; railings ×6; windows ×14; doors ×14; stairs ×2. Fixed furniture: Closet ×11, BaseCabinet ×6, WallCabinet ×4, ElectricalAppliance ×2, SaunaBenchLow ×2, Shower ×2, Sink ×2, Toilet ×2, Bathtub, CoatCloset, Dishwasher, DoubleSink, Fireplace, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchMid, TumbleDryer.", "Floor plan. Rooms (6): Undefined ×2, Alcove, Closet WalkIn, Kitchen Kitchenette, Room. Walls ×14; windows ×3; doors ×3. Fixed furniture: BaseCabinet ×2, CoatCloset ×2, Closet, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, Shower, SideSink, Sink, Toilet, WallCabinet, WashingMachine.", "Floor plan. Rooms (14): Bedroom ×2, Outdoor CoveredArea ×2, Bath, Bath Shower, CarPort, Closet WalkIn, Entry Lobby, LivingRoom, Storage, Undefined, UserDefined, Utility Laundry. Walls ×27; railings ×1; windows ×8; doors ×11; columns ×5; stairs ×3. Fixed furniture: Closet ×7, BaseCabinet ×3, WallCabinet ×3, CoatCloset ×2, ElectricalAppliance ×2, Sink ×2, Toilet ×2, Chimney, DoubleSinkRight, Fireplace, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Shower, SpaceForAppliance2, WashingMachine.", "Floor plan. Rooms (8): Bath Shower, Bedroom, Closet WalkIn, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor Balcony, Undefined. Walls ×19; railings ×3; windows ×4; doors ×7. Fixed furniture: Closet ×5, BaseCabinet ×2, CoatCloset ×2, Housing ×2, SaunaBenchLow ×2, SaunaBenchMid ×2, SpaceForAppliance2 ×2, WallCabinet ×2, DoubleSinkRight, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaStove, Shower, ShowerScreen, Sink, Toilet."], "persona": "building", "qid": "T2_building_7ea0758da56b", "question": {"media": "16ab3359529a0b36.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"16ab3359529a0b36.png\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Floor plan. Rooms (18): Undefined ×8, Bedroom ×3, Outdoor ×2, Dining, Kitchen, LivingRoom, UserDefined, Utility Laundry. Walls ×38; railings ×6; windows ×14; doors ×14; stairs ×2. Fixed furniture: Closet ×11, BaseCabinet ×6, WallCabinet ×4, ElectricalAppliance ×2, SaunaBenchLow ×2, Shower ×2, Sink ×2, Toilet ×2, Bathtub, CoatCloset, Dishwasher, DoubleSink, Fireplace, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchMid, TumbleDryer.", "Floor plan. Rooms (7): Bath, Bedroom, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor Garden, Storage. Walls ×13; windows ×5; doors ×5; columns ×1. Fixed furniture: Closet ×9, BaseCabinet ×2, Sink ×2, WallCabinet ×2, CoatCloset, Dishwasher, Shower, ShowerScreen, SpaceForAppliance2, Toilet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (18): Bedroom ×3, Outdoor ×3, Undefined ×2, Bath, Bath Shower, Closet WalkIn, DraughtLobby, Entry Lobby, Hall Corridor, Kitchen, LivingRoom, UserDefined, Utility Laundry. Walls ×22; railings ×2; windows ×7; doors ×13; columns ×2; stairs ×3. Fixed furniture: Closet ×12, CoatCloset ×8, BaseCabinet ×4, Housing ×4, SaunaBench ×3, Sink ×3, ElectricalAppliance ×2, Toilet ×2, WallCabinet ×2, ClosetTriangle, Dishwasher, DoubleSink, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, SaunaStove, Shower, WashingMachine.", "Floor plan. Rooms (5): Bath, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, Outdoor, Room. Walls ×9; railings ×3; windows ×2; doors ×3. Fixed furniture: Closet ×5, BaseCabinet ×2, WallCabinet ×2, CoatCloset, Dishwasher, Housing, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, RoundSink, Shower, ShowerScreen, Sink, SpaceForAppliance2, Toilet."], "persona": "building", "qid": "T2_building_659f9d2c3048", "question": {"media": "7c72657b95ae7533.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"7c72657b95ae7533.png\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Floor plan. Rooms (21): Bedroom ×3, Bath ×2, Outdoor ×2, Outdoor Terrace ×2, Bath Shower, CarPort, Closet WalkIn, Den Fireplace, DraughtLobby, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Storage, TechnicalRoom, Undefined, Utility Laundry. Walls ×41; railings ×7; windows ×16; doors ×18; columns ×21. Fixed furniture: Closet ×10, CoatCloset ×8, BaseCabinet ×7, WallCabinet ×6, ElectricalAppliance ×3, RoundSink ×2, Shower ×2, Toilet ×2, Chimney, ClosetTriangle, Dishwasher, DoubleSinkRight, FireplaceCorner, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Sink, SpaceForAppliance2, TumbleDryer, WashingMachine.", "Floor plan. Rooms (8): Bath ×2, Bedroom ×2, Closet WalkIn, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Undefined. Walls ×23; windows ×5; doors ×8. Fixed furniture: Closet ×13, BaseCabinet ×5, Sink ×3, CoatCloset ×2, ElectricalAppliance ×2, Toilet ×2, CoatRack, IntegratedStove, WallCabinet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (7): Bath, Bedroom, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor, Undefined. Walls ×14; railings ×3; windows ×3; doors ×5; columns ×2. Fixed furniture: Closet ×3, CoatCloset ×3, BaseCabinet ×2, Housing ×2, SpaceForAppliance ×2, DoubleSink, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Shower, ShowerScreen, Sink, Toilet, WallCabinet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (23): Bedroom ×4, Outdoor ×4, Bath ×2, Closet WalkIn ×2, DraughtLobby, Entry, Entry Lobby, Garage, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor Terrace, Storage, Undefined, UserDefined, Utility Laundry. Walls ×45; railings ×6; windows ×22; doors ×18; columns ×3; stairs ×2. Fixed furniture: Closet ×13, CoatCloset ×9, BaseCabinet ×6, Sink ×4, SaunaBench ×3, WallCabinet ×3, Chimney ×2, Refrigerator ×2, Toilet ×2, Dishwasher, Fireplace, Housing, IntegratedStove, SaunaStove, Shower, ShowerScreen, TumbleDryer, WashingMachine."], "persona": "building", "qid": "T2_building_7ad9f2c95a4f", "question": {"media": "67741e2a154bdc1e.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"67741e2a154bdc1e.png\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Floor plan. Rooms (21): Bedroom ×4, Undefined ×3, Bath ×2, Outdoor ×2, UserDefined ×2, Bath Shower, Closet WalkIn, DraughtLobby, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Storage, Utility Laundry. Walls ×34; railings ×4; windows ×33; doors ×20; columns ×9. Fixed furniture: BaseCabinet ×12, Closet ×12, CoatCloset ×12, WallCabinet ×10, SaunaBenchMid ×4, Sink ×3, SpaceForAppliance ×2, Toilet ×2, DoubleSink, ElectricalAppliance, FireplaceCorner, Housing, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaStove, Shower, ShowerCab, TumbleDryer, WashingMachine, WoodStove.", "Floor plan. Rooms (10): Bath ×2, Bedroom ×2, Undefined ×2, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor Balcony. Walls ×24; railings ×3; windows ×6; doors ×7; columns ×1. Fixed furniture: Closet ×7, Housing ×6, BaseCabinet ×3, CoatCloset ×3, ShowerScreen ×3, WallCabinet ×3, RoundSink ×2, Toilet ×2, Dishwasher, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Shower, Sink, WashingMachine.", "Floor plan. Rooms (7): Bath, Bedroom, LivingRoom, Outdoor, Outdoor Porch, Storage, Undefined. Walls ×15; windows ×4; doors ×7; stairs ×2. Fixed furniture: BaseCabinet ×2, Fireplace, IntegratedStove, Sink, Toilet, WoodStove.", "Floor plan. Rooms (5): Bath, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, Room, Undefined. Walls ×19; windows ×4; doors ×3. Fixed furniture: Closet ×4, BaseCabinet ×2, SpaceForAppliance2 ×2, CoatCloset, DoubleSinkRight, Housing, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, Shower, Sink, Toilet, WallCabinet."], "persona": "building", "qid": "T2_building_c41d4cf3d375", "question": {"media": "f096d7235fdc2873.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"f096d7235fdc2873.png\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Floor plan. Rooms (22): Outdoor ×5, Bedroom ×3, Closet WalkIn ×2, Storage ×2, Undefined ×2, Bath, Bath Shower, CarPort, Entry Lobby, Kitchen Open, LivingRoom, TechnicalRoom Boiler, UserDefined. Walls ×37; windows ×10; doors ×18; columns ×1. Fixed furniture: BaseCabinet ×5, Closet ×5, CoatCloset ×4, Sink ×2, WallCabinet ×2, Dishwasher, DoubleSink, ElectricalAppliance, FireplaceCorner, Heater, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStoveRound, Shower, ShowerScreen, Toilet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (20): Undefined ×4, Bedroom ×3, UserDefined ×2, Bath, Bath Shower, Dining, Entry Lobby, Hall, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor, Outdoor CoveredArea, Outdoor Terrace, Storage. Walls ×54; railings ×5; windows ×10; doors ×8; stairs ×5. Fixed furniture: Closet ×20, SpaceForAppliance ×5, BaseCabinet ×4, CoatCloset ×4, Sink ×4, SaunaBenchHigh ×2, SaunaBenchMid ×2, Shower ×2, Toilet ×2, CounterTop, IntegratedStove, SaunaStove, WallCabinet, WashingMachine.", "Floor plan. Rooms (6): Bath Shower, Bedroom, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, Outdoor Balcony, Sauna. Walls ×18; railings ×1; windows ×3; doors ×5. Fixed furniture: BaseCabinet ×3, WallCabinet ×3, Closet ×2, CoatCloset ×2, ElectricalAppliance ×2, SpaceForAppliance2 ×2, DoubleSinkRight, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Shower, Sink, Toilet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (33): Bedroom ×6, Bath ×4, Outdoor ×4, Undefined ×3, Closet WalkIn ×2, Dining ×2, Entry ×2, Entry Lobby ×2, Kitchen ×2, LivingRoom ×2, Outdoor Terrace ×2, Storage ×2. Walls ×56; railings ×13; windows ×24; doors ×22; stairs ×8. Fixed furniture: Closet ×18, BaseCabinet ×8, Sink ×6, CoatCloset ×4, ElectricalAppliance ×4, ShowerScreen ×4, SpaceForAppliance ×4, Toilet ×4, IntegratedStove ×2, Refrigerator ×2, SaunaBenchHigh ×2, SaunaBenchLow ×2, SaunaBenchMid ×2, SaunaStove ×2, Shower ×2, WallCabinet ×2."], "persona": "building", "qid": "T2_building_ae4dbc458fc8", "question": {"media": "01af2d12fbdbce33.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"01af2d12fbdbce33.png\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Floor plan. Rooms (22): Undefined ×4, Bedroom ×2, DraughtLobby ×2, Outdoor ×2, Bath Shower, Closet WalkIn, Dining, DressingRoom, Entry Lobby, Garage, Kitchen, LivingRoom, RecreationRoom, Sauna, Storage Shed, UserDefined. Walls ×42; windows ×17; doors ×21; columns ×6. Fixed furniture: Closet ×3, BaseCabinet ×2, CoatRack, DoubleSink, ElectricalAppliance, Heater, Refrigerator, SaunaStove Round, Shower, Sink, Toilet, WaterTap.", "Floor plan. Rooms (13): Bedroom ×3, Bath ×2, Closet WalkIn, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor Porch, Outdoor Terrace, Storage, Undefined. Walls ×30; railings ×1; windows ×8; doors ×10; stairs ×1. Fixed furniture: Closet ×8, CoatCloset ×6, BaseCabinet ×4, Housing ×4, ElectricalAppliance ×3, Sink ×3, SpaceForAppliance2 ×3, Shower ×2, ShowerScreen ×2, Toilet ×2, IntegratedStove, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, WallCabinet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (13): Undefined ×11, Bath, Outdoor. Walls ×42; railings ×3; windows ×21; doors ×14; columns ×4; stairs ×4. Fixed furniture: Closet ×9, BaseCabinet ×5, CoatCloset ×4, Sink ×4, WallCabinet ×3, Toilet ×2, Dishwasher, ElectricalAppliance, FireplaceCorner, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Shower, WashingMachine, WaterTap.", "Floor plan. Rooms (7): Bath, Bedroom, LivingRoom, Outdoor, Outdoor Porch, Storage, Undefined. Walls ×15; windows ×4; doors ×7; stairs ×2. Fixed furniture: BaseCabinet ×2, Fireplace, IntegratedStove, Sink, Toilet, WoodStove."], "persona": "building", "qid": "T2_building_d6a366068c2d", "question": {"media": "6ec6a5547aed2d6b.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"6ec6a5547aed2d6b.png\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Floor plan. Rooms (25): Undefined ×8, Bedroom ×4, Closet WalkIn ×2, Outdoor Terrace ×2, Bath Shower, Dining, Entry, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Office, Outdoor, UserDefined, Utility Laundry. Walls ×51; railings ×7; windows ×21; doors ×15; columns ×6; stairs ×3. Fixed furniture: Closet ×13, SaunaBench ×12, BaseCabinet ×5, CoatCloset ×4, ElectricalAppliance ×3, Sink ×3, Dishwasher ×2, Shower ×2, Toilet ×2, WallCabinet ×2, Fireplace, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, SaunaStove, ShowerScreen.", "Floor plan. Rooms (5): Alcove, Bath Shower, Entry Lobby, Kitchen Open, Outdoor Balcony. Walls ×18; railings ×4; windows ×5; doors ×3; columns ×1. Fixed furniture: Closet ×4, BaseCabinet ×2, Sink ×2, SpaceForAppliance2 ×2, CoatCloset, Housing, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, Shower, Toilet, WallCabinet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (19): Bedroom ×4, Bath ×2, UserDefined ×2, Closet WalkIn, Dining, DraughtLobby, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor, Outdoor Porch, Outdoor Terrace, Undefined, Utility Laundry. Walls ×24; railings ×5; windows ×18; doors ×16; columns ×24. Fixed furniture: Closet ×8, CoatCloset ×7, WallCabinet ×7, BaseCabinet ×5, ElectricalAppliance ×3, SaunaBenchMid ×3, Shower ×3, SaunaBenchHigh ×2, Toilet ×2, Chimney, DoubleSinkRight, FireplaceCorner, GEARound, IntegratedStove, Jacuzzi, Refrigerator, RoundSink, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaStoveRound, Sink, SpaceForAppliance, WaterTap.", "Floor plan. Rooms (4): Undefined ×2, Bath, Room. Walls ×6; windows ×2; doors ×2. Fixed furniture: BaseCabinet ×2, Closet ×2, Sink ×2, CoatRack, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, Toilet, WallCabinet."], "persona": "building", "qid": "T2_building_44a119bfbf0f", "question": {"media": "09d57169d7071d9d.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"09d57169d7071d9d.png\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Floor plan. Rooms (33): Bedroom ×6, Bath ×4, Outdoor ×4, Undefined ×3, Closet WalkIn ×2, Dining ×2, Entry ×2, Entry Lobby ×2, Kitchen ×2, LivingRoom ×2, Outdoor Terrace ×2, Storage ×2. Walls ×56; railings ×13; windows ×24; doors ×22; stairs ×8. Fixed furniture: Closet ×18, BaseCabinet ×8, Sink ×6, CoatCloset ×4, ElectricalAppliance ×4, ShowerScreen ×4, SpaceForAppliance ×4, Toilet ×4, IntegratedStove ×2, Refrigerator ×2, SaunaBenchHigh ×2, SaunaBenchLow ×2, SaunaBenchMid ×2, SaunaStove ×2, Shower ×2, WallCabinet ×2.", "Floor plan. Rooms (9): Undefined ×8, Outdoor. Walls ×20; railings ×3; windows ×6; doors ×7. Fixed furniture: Closet ×15, BaseCabinet ×4, ShowerScreen ×2, Sink ×2, Toilet ×2, WallCabinet ×2, Dishwasher, DoubleSink, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, Shower, WashingMachine.", "Floor plan. Rooms (12): Bedroom ×3, Bath ×2, Closet WalkIn ×2, Entry Lobby ×2, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Utility Laundry. Walls ×45; windows ×5; doors ×13. Fixed furniture: Closet ×7, Sink ×6, BaseCabinet ×5, WallCabinet ×3, CoatCloset ×2, Housing ×2, ElectricalAppliance, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, Shower, SpaceForAppliance2, Toilet, TumbleDryer, WashingMachine.", "Floor plan. Rooms (7): Undefined ×3, Bedroom, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor. Walls ×20; windows ×3; doors ×7. Fixed furniture: Closet ×5, CoatCloset ×5, BaseCabinet ×4, ShowerScreen ×2, WallCabinet ×2, DoubleSink, Housing, IntegratedStove, Shower, Sink, SpaceForAppliance2, Toilet."], "persona": "building", "qid": "T2_building_debf88040ef6", "question": {"media": "054c492fbc157488.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"054c492fbc157488.png\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Floor plan. Rooms (4): Bath, DraughtLobby, Outdoor, Room. Walls ×14; windows ×4; doors ×4. Fixed furniture: Closet ×6, CoatCloset ×4, Housing ×4, BaseCabinet ×2, Sink ×2, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, Shower, Toilet, WallCabinet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (6): Undefined ×2, Bedroom, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor. Walls ×12; railings ×1; windows ×3; doors ×5. Fixed furniture: Closet ×4, BaseCabinet ×2, Sink ×2, CoatCloset, Dishwasher, ElectricalAppliance, Housing, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, Shower, ShowerScreen, Toilet, WallCabinet, WashingMachine.", "Floor plan. Rooms (6): Bath Shower, Bedroom, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, Outdoor Balcony, Sauna. Walls ×18; railings ×1; windows ×3; doors ×5. Fixed furniture: BaseCabinet ×3, WallCabinet ×3, Closet ×2, CoatCloset ×2, ElectricalAppliance ×2, SpaceForAppliance2 ×2, DoubleSinkRight, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Shower, Sink, Toilet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (8): Bath Shower, Bedroom, Closet WalkIn, Entry Lobby, Kitchen Kitchenette, LivingRoom, Outdoor Terrace, Storage. Walls ×17; railings ×2; windows ×7; doors ×6; columns ×2. Fixed furniture: Closet ×5, BaseCabinet ×3, CoatCloset ×2, Misc ×2, WallCabinet ×2, Dishwasher, DoubleSink, Housing, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, Shower, Sink, Toilet, WashingMachine."], "persona": "building", "qid": "T2_building_8cfeff747777", "question": {"media": "c5523fecf532948a.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"c5523fecf532948a.png\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Floor plan. Rooms (5): Bath, Bedroom, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor Balcony. Walls ×11; railings ×3; windows ×3; doors ×5. Fixed furniture: Closet ×9, BaseCabinet ×2, ShowerScreen ×2, Sink ×2, SpaceForAppliance2 ×2, WallCabinet ×2, Housing, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, Shower, Toilet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (20): Bedroom ×4, Undefined ×4, Bath ×2, Closet WalkIn ×2, Bath Shower, Entry, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor, UserDefined, Utility Laundry. Walls ×36; railings ×11; windows ×10; doors ×13; columns ×12; stairs ×4. Fixed furniture: Closet ×6, BaseCabinet ×5, ElectricalAppliance ×3, Sink ×3, Chimney ×2, CoatCloset ×2, Misc ×2, Toilet ×2, WallCabinet ×2, Dishwasher, DoubleSinkRight, Fireplace, Housing, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Shower, TumbleDryer, WashingMachine.", "Floor plan. Rooms (6): Undefined ×2, Bedroom, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor. Walls ×12; railings ×1; windows ×3; doors ×5. Fixed furniture: Closet ×4, BaseCabinet ×2, Sink ×2, CoatCloset, Dishwasher, ElectricalAppliance, Housing, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, Shower, ShowerScreen, Toilet, WallCabinet, WashingMachine.", "Floor plan. Rooms (9): Bath ×2, Bedroom ×2, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor, Undefined. Walls ×18; railings ×2; windows ×5; doors ×7. Fixed furniture: Closet ×10, BaseCabinet ×4, Sink ×2, Toilet ×2, WallCabinet ×2, Bathtub, CoatCloset, DoubleSink, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, Shower, SpaceForAppliance, WashingMachine."], "persona": "building", "qid": "T2_building_64c4e35cb8e8", "question": {"media": "85784b12169da13a.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"85784b12169da13a.png\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Floor plan. Rooms (7): Bath Shower, Bedroom, Closet WalkIn, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor. Walls ×15; railings ×1; windows ×5; doors ×5. Fixed furniture: CoatCloset ×4, BaseCabinet ×2, ShowerScreen ×2, Closet, DoubleSink, Housing, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, Shower, Sink, SpaceForAppliance, Toilet, WallCabinet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (5): Bath, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, Room, Undefined. Walls ×19; windows ×4; doors ×3. Fixed furniture: Closet ×4, BaseCabinet ×2, SpaceForAppliance2 ×2, CoatCloset, DoubleSinkRight, Housing, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, Shower, Sink, Toilet, WallCabinet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (9): Room ×3, Undefined ×2, Bath, Closet WalkIn, Kitchen, Outdoor. Walls ×15; railings ×2; windows ×7; doors ×9. Fixed furniture: BaseCabinet ×3, WallCabinet ×2, Bathtub, Closet, CoatCloset, DoubleSink, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, Shower, Sink, Toilet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (19): Bedroom ×4, Bath ×2, Closet WalkIn ×2, Outdoor ×2, Undefined ×2, Bath Shower, Entry, Kitchen, LivingRoom, TechnicalRoom, UserDefined, Utility Laundry. Walls ×36; railings ×10; windows ×15; doors ×14; columns ×8; stairs ×2. Fixed furniture: Closet ×11, BaseCabinet ×7, CoatCloset ×3, ElectricalAppliance ×3, SaunaBench ×3, Sink ×3, Toilet ×3, Refrigerator ×2, Shower ×2, WallCabinet ×2, Chimney, Dishwasher, DoubleSink, Fireplace, IntegratedStove, RoundSink, SaunaStove, ShowerScreen, WashingMachine."], "persona": "building", "qid": "T2_building_9efc6e2bc506", "question": {"media": "507e5e4068178624.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"507e5e4068178624.png\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Floor plan. Rooms (7): Bath Shower, Bedroom, Closet WalkIn, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor. Walls ×15; railings ×1; windows ×5; doors ×5. Fixed furniture: CoatCloset ×4, BaseCabinet ×2, ShowerScreen ×2, Closet, DoubleSink, Housing, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, Shower, Sink, SpaceForAppliance, Toilet, WallCabinet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (5): Undefined ×2, Entry Lobby, Outdoor, Room. Walls ×11; windows ×11; doors ×3; stairs ×1. Fixed furniture: SaunaBench ×3, SaunaStove.", "Floor plan. Rooms (5): Bath, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, Outdoor, Room. Walls ×9; railings ×3; windows ×2; doors ×3. Fixed furniture: Closet ×5, BaseCabinet ×2, WallCabinet ×2, CoatCloset, Dishwasher, Housing, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, RoundSink, Shower, ShowerScreen, Sink, SpaceForAppliance2, Toilet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (4): Undefined ×2, Bath, Room. Walls ×6; windows ×2; doors ×2. Fixed furniture: BaseCabinet ×2, Closet ×2, Sink ×2, CoatRack, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, Toilet, WallCabinet."], "persona": "building", "qid": "T2_building_d1c4dbd7ac26", "question": {"media": "9a794b064ff4e056.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"9a794b064ff4e056.png\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Floor plan. Rooms (8): Bath Shower, Bedroom, Closet WalkIn, Entry Lobby, Kitchen Kitchenette, LivingRoom, Outdoor Terrace, Storage. Walls ×17; railings ×2; windows ×7; doors ×6; columns ×2. Fixed furniture: Closet ×5, BaseCabinet ×3, CoatCloset ×2, Misc ×2, WallCabinet ×2, Dishwasher, DoubleSink, Housing, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, Shower, Sink, Toilet, WashingMachine.", "Floor plan. Rooms (8): Bath Shower, Bedroom, Closet WalkIn, Entry Lobby, Kitchen Kitchenette, LivingRoom, Outdoor Balcony Glazed, Undefined. Walls ×18; windows ×5; doors ×7; columns ×4. Fixed furniture: Closet ×4, CoatCloset ×4, BaseCabinet ×2, SpaceForAppliance2 ×2, DoubleSinkRight, Housing, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Shower, Sink, Toilet, WallCabinet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (10): Outdoor Porch ×2, Bath, Bedroom, Closet WalkIn, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Undefined, UserDefined. Walls ×24; railings ×2; windows ×10; doors ×11; columns ×9. Fixed furniture: Closet ×5, WallCabinet ×5, BaseCabinet ×4, CoatCloset ×3, SaunaBenchMid ×3, SaunaBenchLow ×2, Toilet ×2, Chimney, Dishwasher, DoubleSinkRight, ElectricalAppliance, Fireplace, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, RoundSink, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaStove, Shower, Sink, WashingMachine.", "Floor plan. Rooms (10): Bedroom ×2, UserDefined ×2, Bath, Closet WalkIn, Dining, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom. Walls ×21; windows ×6; doors ×6. Fixed furniture: Closet ×6, ShowerScreen ×5, BaseCabinet ×3, Dishwasher, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, RoundSink, Shower, Sink, Toilet, WashingMachine."], "persona": "building", "qid": "T2_building_d2b25c2f581a", "question": {"media": "b236300a24efeae6.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"b236300a24efeae6.png\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Floor plan. Rooms (8): Bath, Bedroom, Closet WalkIn, Entry Lobby, Kitchen Kitchenette, LivingRoom, Outdoor Balcony, Undefined. Walls ×27; windows ×3; doors ×6. Fixed furniture: Closet ×3, BaseCabinet ×2, CoatCloset ×2, SpaceForAppliance2 ×2, WallCabinet ×2, DoubleSinkRight, ElectricalAppliance, Housing, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchLow, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Shower, Sink, Toilet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (11): Bedroom ×2, Undefined ×2, Bath, Closet WalkIn, Dining, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor, UserDefined. Walls ×23; railings ×1; windows ×5; doors ×8. Fixed furniture: Closet ×6, BaseCabinet ×5, CoatCloset ×2, Sink ×2, WallCabinet ×2, DoubleSink, IntegratedStove, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Shower, SpaceForAppliance2, Toilet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (7): Bath Shower, Closet WalkIn, Entry Lobby, Kitchen Kitchenette, LivingRoom, Outdoor, Undefined. Walls ×22; railings ×3; windows ×4; doors ×5. Fixed furniture: Closet ×4, SaunaBenchLow ×3, BaseCabinet ×2, CoatCloset ×2, SpaceForAppliance2 ×2, DoubleSink, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, SaunaBenchHigh, SaunaBenchMid, SaunaStove, Shower, Sink, Toilet, WallCabinet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (12): Undefined ×5, Bedroom ×2, Outdoor ×2, Bath Shower, Kitchen, LivingRoom. Walls ×22; railings ×1; windows ×6; doors ×7; columns ×1. Fixed furniture: Closet ×4, CoatCloset ×4, BaseCabinet ×3, Refrigerator ×2, WallCabinet ×2, Dishwasher, DoubleSinkRight, ElectricalAppliance, IntegratedStove, Shower, Sink, Toilet, WashingMachine."], "persona": "building", "qid": "T2_building_0bc3242e4310", "question": {"media": "97dfee2ab777872a.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"97dfee2ab777872a.png\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Floor plan. Rooms (9): Bath ×2, Bedroom ×2, Undefined ×2, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor Balcony. Walls ×23; railings ×1; windows ×5; doors ×10. Fixed furniture: Closet ×11, BaseCabinet ×4, Sink ×2, Toilet ×2, DoubleSink, IntegratedStove, Shower.", "Floor plan. Rooms (8): Bedroom, Closet WalkIn, Entry Lobby, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Outdoor Balcony, Undefined, UserDefined. Walls ×16; railings ×3; windows ×4; doors ×5. Fixed furniture: BaseCabinet ×3, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, RoundSink, Shower, Toilet, WallCabinet.", "Floor plan. Rooms (12): Bedroom ×3, Bath ×2, Closet WalkIn ×2, Entry Lobby ×2, Kitchen, LivingRoom, Utility Laundry. Walls ×45; windows ×5; doors ×13. Fixed furniture: Closet ×7, Sink ×6, BaseCabinet ×5, WallCabinet ×3, CoatCloset ×2, Housing ×2, ElectricalAppliance, IntegratedStove, Misc, Refrigerator, Shower, SpaceForAppliance2, Toilet, TumbleDryer, WashingMachine.", "Floor plan. Rooms (18): Room ×4, Undefined ×4, Bath ×3, Closet WalkIn, Dining, Kitchen, Outdoor, Outdoor Balcony, Outdoor Garden, Storage Shed. Walls ×39; railings ×8; windows ×7; doors ×14; stairs ×2. Fixed furniture: Closet ×5, CoatCloset ×5, BaseCabinet ×4, WallCabinet ×3, ElectricalAppliance ×2, Housing ×2, Sink ×2, Toilet ×2, DoubleSink, IntegratedStove, Refrigerator, Shower, SpaceForAppliance, WashingMachine."], "persona": "building", "qid": "T2_building_8b58e0cc48ec", "question": {"media": "4d7b45551dfbc775.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"4d7b45551dfbc775.png\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Rectified facade. Annotated elements (149): pillar ×90, window ×25, cornice ×12, sill ×8, shop ×6, molding ×3, blind ×2, deco ×2, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (113): window ×38, pillar ×29, sill ×19, cornice ×18, molding ×4, shop ×4, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (96): blind ×40, window ×30, pillar ×8, sill ×6, balcony ×4, molding ×4, deco ×3, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (50): window ×42, molding ×5, door, facade, shop."], "persona": "building", "qid": "T2_building_ae2d9568c0f2", "question": {"media": "97d72428307a3589.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"97d72428307a3589.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Rectified facade. Annotated elements (149): pillar ×90, window ×25, cornice ×12, sill ×8, shop ×6, molding ×3, blind ×2, deco ×2, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (54): pillar ×17, window ×14, deco ×7, shop ×6, sill ×5, molding ×2, blind, door, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (121): window ×49, pillar ×31, sill ×24, molding ×5, deco ×4, shop ×3, cornice ×2, door ×2, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (60): window ×25, blind ×18, sill ×6, cornice ×5, balcony ×3, facade, molding, shop."], "persona": "building", "qid": "T2_building_f8d45b442728", "question": {"media": "eac67f161e65345d.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"eac67f161e65345d.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Rectified facade. Annotated elements (166): window ×101, sill ×20, pillar ×12, deco ×8, balcony ×6, molding ×6, cornice ×5, shop ×5, facade ×3.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (98): pillar ×30, window ×26, deco ×14, cornice ×8, sill ×8, molding ×4, shop ×4, door ×3, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (88): blind ×42, window ×39, sill ×3, balcony ×2, cornice, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (56): window ×20, pillar ×15, sill ×10, cornice ×6, molding ×3, deco, facade."], "persona": "building", "qid": "T2_building_55a27cf8f2b4", "question": {"media": "5c402fa37930d074.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"5c402fa37930d074.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Rectified facade. Annotated elements (216): pillar ×72, window ×54, cornice ×26, deco ×18, sill ×17, shop ×12, molding ×7, balcony ×4, door ×4, facade ×2.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (88): blind ×42, window ×39, sill ×3, balcony ×2, cornice, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (88): window ×73, blind ×13, deco, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (36): pillar ×12, window ×10, sill ×7, cornice ×2, molding ×2, door, facade, shop."], "persona": "building", "qid": "T2_building_5acfd243a714", "question": {"media": "be7b0f86ee3389a7.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"be7b0f86ee3389a7.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Rectified facade. Annotated elements (24): deco ×10, window ×9, shop ×2, door, facade, molding.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (125): window ×49, cornice ×18, deco ×18, sill ×16, shop ×10, balcony ×6, molding ×5, door ×2, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (103): window ×32, deco ×24, sill ×19, cornice ×15, molding ×4, pillar ×4, balcony ×2, door ×2, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (81): window ×38, sill ×19, cornice ×9, pillar ×6, shop ×3, deco ×2, molding ×2, door, facade."], "persona": "building", "qid": "T2_building_ec55c72670dc", "question": {"media": "4d087d6d53dd8ec5.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"4d087d6d53dd8ec5.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Rectified facade. Annotated elements (27): window ×12, sill ×9, shop ×3, molding ×2, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (72): window ×30, sill ×21, cornice ×14, shop ×4, molding ×2, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (132): blind ×38, window ×38, sill ×19, cornice ×16, shop ×9, molding ×6, balcony ×3, facade ×2, door.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (69): pillar ×28, window ×11, blind ×10, cornice ×7, balcony ×5, shop ×4, deco, door, facade, molding."], "persona": "building", "qid": "T2_building_ee6121d74142", "question": {"media": "e6bc8940aa6ea8bb.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"e6bc8940aa6ea8bb.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Rectified facade. Annotated elements (293): pillar ×176, window ×55, blind ×23, cornice ×10, shop ×9, balcony ×7, molding ×5, sill ×5, deco ×2, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (45): pillar ×22, cornice ×6, window ×6, balcony ×4, molding ×3, shop ×3, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (30): window ×9, balcony ×4, sill ×4, blind ×3, cornice ×3, deco ×3, molding ×2, facade, shop.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (47): pillar ×15, window ×12, cornice ×6, sill ×6, molding ×3, balcony ×2, deco ×2, facade."], "persona": "building", "qid": "T2_building_4ac5fa5d261e", "question": {"media": "422d607405951d1d.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"422d607405951d1d.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Rectified facade. Annotated elements (30): window ×9, balcony ×4, sill ×4, blind ×3, cornice ×3, deco ×3, molding ×2, facade, shop.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (143): window ×82, deco ×26, pillar ×18, molding ×6, shop ×5, sill ×5, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (64): window ×19, cornice ×18, sill ×18, molding ×3, shop ×3, facade ×2, door.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (21): window ×11, blind ×6, molding ×2, balcony, shop."], "persona": "building", "qid": "T2_building_6ade75908398", "question": {"media": "b3ca93106d737877.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"b3ca93106d737877.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Rectified facade. Annotated elements (36): pillar ×12, window ×10, sill ×7, cornice ×2, molding ×2, door, facade, shop.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (61): window ×25, pillar ×12, blind ×9, balcony ×7, sill ×3, cornice ×2, molding ×2, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (42): window ×19, shop ×6, blind ×5, sill ×5, balcony ×2, deco ×2, cornice, door, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (93): window ×54, pillar ×21, balcony ×9, molding ×6, deco, door, facade."], "persona": "building", "qid": "T2_building_5bf9474fb4cc", "question": {"media": "2c1cf62524d44dbd.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"2c1cf62524d44dbd.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Rectified facade. Annotated elements (52): window ×11, blind ×9, sill ×9, cornice ×7, door ×7, molding ×3, balcony ×2, deco ×2, facade ×2.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (93): window ×54, shop ×11, molding ×9, sill ×9, balcony ×5, facade ×4, deco.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (93): window ×54, pillar ×21, balcony ×9, molding ×6, deco, door, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (102): window ×70, sill ×12, deco ×7, molding ×5, shop ×4, cornice ×2, facade ×2."], "persona": "building", "qid": "T2_building_76fdeb85bdee", "question": {"media": "844c5382c4623db6.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"844c5382c4623db6.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Rectified facade. Annotated elements (56): window ×20, pillar ×15, sill ×10, cornice ×6, molding ×3, deco, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (20): window ×9, sill ×5, deco ×2, molding ×2, door, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (65): window ×51, shop ×7, deco ×2, molding ×2, balcony, door, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (72): pillar ×36, blind ×8, window ×8, cornice ×6, balcony ×4, shop ×4, sill ×3, molding ×2, facade."], "persona": "building", "qid": "T2_building_4170172c0949", "question": {"media": "e6cb0207916cb008.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"e6cb0207916cb008.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Rectified facade. Annotated elements (65): window ×51, shop ×7, deco ×2, molding ×2, balcony, door, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (41): window ×14, pillar ×9, sill ×9, cornice ×5, molding ×2, door, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (100): window ×35, pillar ×27, sill ×15, deco ×8, balcony ×6, cornice ×5, molding ×2, door, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (113): window ×38, pillar ×29, sill ×19, cornice ×18, molding ×4, shop ×4, facade."], "persona": "building", "qid": "T2_building_6b1df5a09b17", "question": {"media": "38d117970f83f896.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"38d117970f83f896.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Rectified facade. Annotated elements (67): window ×22, deco ×13, pillar ×12, sill ×10, door ×4, molding ×4, cornice, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (102): window ×70, sill ×12, deco ×7, molding ×5, shop ×4, cornice ×2, facade ×2.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (103): window ×32, deco ×24, sill ×19, cornice ×15, molding ×4, pillar ×4, balcony ×2, door ×2, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (173): deco ×64, pillar ×30, window ×29, cornice ×19, balcony ×15, sill ×10, molding ×4, door, facade."], "persona": "building", "qid": "T2_building_af4c8a6139f7", "question": {"media": "7b99a5e3fe3043e0.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"7b99a5e3fe3043e0.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Rectified facade. Annotated elements (72): window ×27, pillar ×20, cornice ×14, sill ×7, molding ×2, door, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (173): deco ×64, pillar ×30, window ×29, cornice ×19, balcony ×15, sill ×10, molding ×4, door, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (32): window ×21, blind ×10, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (172): pillar ×86, window ×32, deco ×21, sill ×12, balcony ×8, cornice ×5, shop ×4, molding ×3, facade."], "persona": "building", "qid": "T2_building_a003fdb6c20d", "question": {"media": "2f7e31a1e57b6071.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"2f7e31a1e57b6071.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Rectified facade. Annotated elements (77): window ×35, sill ×17, cornice ×9, pillar ×6, deco ×4, door ×2, molding ×2, facade, shop.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (103): window ×38, pillar ×30, sill ×14, balcony ×7, deco ×6, cornice ×4, molding ×2, door, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (133): window ×104, sill ×20, shop ×6, molding ×2, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (33): window ×12, blind ×7, sill ×5, balcony ×3, molding ×3, cornice ×2, facade."], "persona": "building", "qid": "T2_building_9c197766d1a8", "question": {"media": "5853c671de807ef8.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"5853c671de807ef8.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Rectified facade. Annotated elements (90): window ×87, shop ×2, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (133): window ×104, sill ×20, shop ×6, molding ×2, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (103): window ×32, deco ×24, sill ×19, cornice ×15, molding ×4, pillar ×4, balcony ×2, door ×2, facade.", "Rectified facade. Annotated elements (20): window ×9, sill ×5, deco ×2, molding ×2, door, facade."], "persona": "building", "qid": "T2_building_e9c288947801", "question": {"media": "f82ad79e4fe0aa15.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"f82ad79e4fe0aa15.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["video"], "options": ["DAVID HSU: I'd like to welcome you to another installment or another lecture in my MIT class on urban energy systems. My name is David Hsu, I'm an associate professor of urban studies and planning at MIT, and this week we're going to talk about cities and transportation systems. In our last lecture, we talked about electric vehicles and why certain new technologies are much more efficient than our previous internal combustion engine or fossil fuel using technologies, and how we need to achieve electrification to achieve lower greenhouse gas emissions. Today, I want to talk about transportation systems. And I want to take a different attack or a different tack on the subject of transportation systems. We'll start with policy analysis. Here's the materials for today. They're all in the syllabus. And what I want to talk about is policy analysis. Quite often what we teach in public policy schools or urban planning schools is fundamentally an economic framing of policy analysis. It's a cost-benefit analysis, or as one of my previous advisors would say, a benefit-cost analysis, because you would want to emphasize the benefits over the costs if we take certain public policy actions. And so the two main concerns we typically teach in economic styles of policy analysis are efficiency-- what are the highest priority items? This assumes that resources in the public sphere are scarce and we can only basically deploy certain level of resources to address social problems. Of course, we should also question whether or not resources are scarce or what kinds of political economy, let's say, leads to this scarcity. But if you have scarce resources, you would want to establish what the highest priority items are. And the second main concern that is usually given, I would argue, slightly less emphasis in public policy analysis, is equity: is the distribution of benefits and cost fair? And of course, we want to emphasize that this economic style policy analysis hasn't always included broader concerns. For example, risks, that we know from recent disasters like wildfires in California or of course, the COVID-19 pandemic, that we can have unexpected or low probability disasters. We could argue that they are low probability or fairly rare, but of course, they can also be potentially catastrophic. So there's increased interest in how", "DAVID HSU: My name is David Hsu. This is another lecture in my series on urban energy systems and policy as part of my MIT class. I hope you're all doing well today. Today I want to talk about cities and the grid. I've been talking in this class a lot about various energy technologies. And I've said a number of times that those are basically fundamental building blocks or constituent technologies or part of your renewable toolbox towards decarbonization of the future. And over the next five classes, we're going to talk about how all these technologies fit together and why the grid is so important to pull these technologies together. What I want to do today is frame the discussion. And I want to think, just-- first-- about what we're talking about when we talk about the grid. We often refer to the grid as one of the largest machines on the planet, one of the largest machines ever built. But that's also just assuming that we understand all these wires and power plants and users and behaviors to be connected to each other. So why is the grid important to talk about? For the first 150 years or so of electric technology, electricity could not be stored easily. And I'm going to underline, yet, because we'll talk about storage in a few lectures from now. But the important thing for us in terms of talking about climate change and decarbonization is that electricity is going to be the basis of our clean energy scenarios going forward. This assessment is based largely on the technologies that we have on hand, technologies that are cost effective, but also have fundamentally different characteristics than our fossil fuel-dominated energy system. It's also important to emphasize that all the reasons why electricity was a key theme in the modernity of the 1900s or 1930s or the 20th century was that electricity is relatively clean in terms of its everyday use. It doesn't emit noise like other kinds of engines. It doesn't smoke inside homes like cooking fuels with biomass. And it's relatively safe, and I say, it is relatively safe, because, if you look at the earliest 20th century literature, you'll see quite a bit of obsession, really, with the potential of electricity to electrocute people until, of course, people learned how to use electricity and until certain devices and uses were standardized. Another important point about electricity and the reason why it will be the basis of our clean energy scenarios going forward is that all of our clean resources, like solar, wind, and electricity,", "DAVID HSU: My name is David Hsu. Welcome to another installment of my lecture series on urban energy systems and policy. This is a class taught by the Department of Urban Studies and Planning at MIT. And what we're going to talk about today is the next installment of talking about renewables and renewable energy. We're going to talk about solar today. And this, again, is a fundamental building block for how we are going to decarbonize cities. The readings for today are on the syllabus. If you have the PDF hard copies, you can click through to the readings in the pink links here on this page. I'll just recap what I said in the last lecture. You have a renewable toolbox. The exciting thing is that our building blocks, like solar, wind, storage, geothermal, electrolysis, are all becoming cheaper quickly. They're all cleaner technologies. But they are fundamentally different technologies than the fossil fuel system that we've built our civilization on. So we need to build about 47 times more solar, about 28 times more wind than we've built in the last 40 years, to basically provide enough energy to decarbonize our energy system. That gives you a very lengthy to do list, but an exciting to do list for your careers. Your to do list includes financing, generation, transmission, distributing power, balancing power, making sure that power is reliable, making sure that the energy systems are resilient, and siting these energy resources. Last time we talked about wind basics. We talked about capacity factors as a key concept to understand intermittency. Today we're going to talk about solar basics. And we're going to use solar technologies as an example of adoption costs, or learning curves, and siting issues. And the next lecture, we'll talk about storage and geothermal. Those are technologies that are developing new niches in the energy system, and may be critical building blocks going forward, but haven't quite developed into the same kind of competitive technology that solar and wind have become. So just to review basically, here's a diagram from MacKay's book. This is a solar, basically converts incident light on the Earth into energy. Of course, you have to capture the portion of the electromagnetic energy in the ray. And so this diagram simply shows that at the equator, you capture the full amount of the energy landing in Nairobi with a horizontally-mounted ground panel, a panel simply lying flat on the ground.", "DAVID HSU: This is another lecture installment in the Urban Energy Systems and Policy class at MIT. My name is David Hsu. I'm a Professor of Urban studies and Planning. And today, we're going to talk about cities and a just energy transition. What is a just energy transition going to look like? What does it mean for us to try to achieve a just or equitable energy transition? The readings for today are listed on the slide. A lot of this lecture will be setting up our discussion in class of these readings. It will be a fairly short lecture today. I think that's going to be the best way to set up discussion. And, hopefully, we have a lively discussion in class. Let me just start with a few stories to supplement the reading. I want to start with this rather hale-looking fellow, President Theodore Roosevelt. He's the 26th president of the United States. He is known in his lifetime as a soldier; a naturalist; a writer; a politician, reformer, and imperialist. He does all this despite being a Harvard graduate. But I would think what's most relevant about his political career is that also he's known as a progressive, a turn-of-the-century progressive, suspicious of big corporations, a trust-buster, reform-minded, in favor of clean and strong government action and intervention into the economy. That's why he's become quite relevant. The Roosevelt Institute is one of our most progressive economic think tanks. He's also, for the purposes of our class, known as a conservationist. He's strongly associated with the US National Park System. There's a quote from Wallace Stegner, a noted environmental writer. He calls the national parks, one of \"the best ideas we ever had. Absolutely American, absolutely democratic, they reflect us at our best rather than our worst.\" Of course, I put the asterisks on the National Park System because, as many people have noted throughout history, and more recently, a lot of the National Park System is also land appropriated from Indigenous peoples of the United States. But also relevant for our discussion today, Theodore Roosevelt has fairly troubling racial beliefs, even for his time. One could argue that he was in favor of immigration, but also assimilation of immigrants into a strong American culture. One could argue that he had Booker T. Washington as a dinner guest at the White House, which was considered quite controversial at the time--"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T2_building_3261e3912859", "question": {"media": "f75bfdd876eb3d22.mp4", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the video \"f75bfdd876eb3d22.mp4\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
diff --git a/release/questions/T2/education.jsonl b/release/questions/T2/education.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a4c95ac81f6b1726b11365874ecbc90fb252c582
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/questions/T2/education.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["A stereograph of Howard University in the late 19th century — A stereograph produced by C. W. Woodward, date unknown, of an outdoor scene titled: \"1482. Howard University, Washington City, D.C.\" below the image. The stereograph is rectangular in shape with two identical albumen photographs that are square-shaped attached to a piece of cardboard. Both images feature a stately University building in the background with a large group of African American men and women in the foreground standing or lounging on the lawn. The left edge of the stereograph contains the following textual information inside a decorative banner: \"C.W. Woodward, Rochester, N.Y.\" while the right side contains the following: \"Washington City, D.C.\" inside a decorative banner.", "Untitled — A black-and-white print of vocational students learning how to cook and bake at the Manual Training and Industrial School for Colored Youth in Bordentown, New Jersey. A prayer is partially visible on the dining room chalkboard to the right of the frame.", "The Bakke Case and Education — A pamphlet about the Bakke court case. The pamphlet consists of black print on bright yellow paper. On the front, at center, there is an image of protesters carrying signs lamenting the Supreme Court's decision in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke. The interior contains information about the case. The back cover also has a section to sign up to become involved with the National Committee to Overturn the Bakke Decision.", "Press release from Howard University for the premiere of \"The Amen Corner\" — A May 6, 1955 press release from Howard University announcing the upcoming premiere performance of \"The Amen Corner.\" This press release contains a handwritten note by James Baldwin on the back referencing the legacy of \"my father.\""], "persona": "education", "qid": "T2_education_602f514caa39", "question": {"media": "8686db1452c3b29a.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"8686db1452c3b29a.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["A. J. Hull's 1870 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — A. J. Hull from Sterling, Illinois, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 99440 was issued on February 1, 1870. This model is made of wood and cast iron. It improves the school desk in its use and combination of washers and projections. \"A.J. Hull- Sterling, Ill\" is painted on the backrest. The seat is closely slatted and folds straight down. The backrest is flat and therefore offers no lower back support. The desk is attached and the lid does not lift up; however, there is storage underneath the desktop. There are metal hinges on the seat. The legs flare out, and it sits on a metal base. Aaron J. Hull was born in 1833. With F.T. June, he ran Novelty Iron Works, which later became Sterling School Furniture Company. A prolific inventor, Hull moved from desks to pumps in the late 1870s.", "Charles Perley's 1859 School and Church Seat Patent Model — Charles Perley from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, received a U.S. patent for an improved school seat. Patent no. 24151 was issued on May 24, 1859. The patent is a combination of wood and metal, with a very wide bench. It is mechanically able to fold up from the bottom seat. There are no curves or slopes that mold to the body and no armrests. They were designed to be used on the perimeter of the room when the rest of the school room, church, or other building is full. The folding seat was important for moving, as well as making the rooms easier to clean. There are two marks: \"C. Perely and Sons/ 114 Columbia St, NY/ 1858,\" inscribed with a stamp on top of the base and on the seat back. The base is incorrrectly stamped with the name mispelled. The patent paper signature clearly spells \"Perley.\" We are not aware of any additional information about the inventor/patentee.", "Isaac Newton Peirce's 1891 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — Isaac Newton Peirce from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, received a U.S. patent for an improved walnut and brass school desk. Patent no. 121543 was issued on December 5, 1871. This desk features a shelf for books. The patent suggested there be a pocket or small shelf in front of the bookshelf for holding pens and pencils. The desk can be raised or lowered. It has a pair of cast brass \"A\" shape pieces which are used to support a writing flap. The bench is smooth with a curved backrest. There are also springs underneath the desktop. We are not aware of any additional information about the inventor/patentee.", "James S. Rankin's 1862 School Desk and Bench Patent Model — James S. Rankin from Madison, Indiana, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 34448 was issued on February 18, 1862. This model features a row of desks and benches held together with a central beam. This design resulted in sufficient support using the least amount of material and simplified the cost and construction of the desk. James S. Rankin was born in 1818. He served as a county and city superintendent of schools in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He was known for the Rankin School Desk, which was popular because it was inexpensive and convenient. These desks were used in Louisville, Kentucky; Chicago, Illinois, and many other city schools. His desk was exhibited in the Mechanic’s Hall at the Indiana State Fair where it was recommended for first premium, a cash award. He died in 1897."], "persona": "education", "qid": "T2_education_8460ad6d4a4e", "question": {"media": "d748dd0065f3c036.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"d748dd0065f3c036.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Arithmetic Card for Use with a Numeral Frame — In the nineteenthth century, Americans began to teach young groups of children in classrooms. Some of these institutions were designed especially for these children, and were called infant schools. To create a vivid impression on young minds, teachers used a numeral frame or abacus in combination with a chart like this one. The cardboard chart was part of a larger series. It has printing on both sides. One side is entitled: ARITHMETIC CARD III. It shows groups of like objects on the left, with one slightly different object on the right. Subtracting one fallen tree from two trees leaves one tree standing, Having one of three mounted trumpeters fall off his horse leaves two trumpeters riding. Further illustrations show the loss of one from larger groups. The reverse of this chart is entitled: ARITHMETIC CARD VII. It has groups of vertical lines on the left and three vertical lines on the right, and is designed to teach adding by three. A mark on the chart reads: INFANT SCHOOL CARDS, PUBLISHED BY MUNROE & FRANCIS, BOSTON. For another chart in the series, see CL*389116.28. Infant schools were popular in Boston around 1830, and the abacus was introduced into the Boston schools at about that time. Munroe & Francis was in business from the last decades of the 1700s until 1860 or so. In October 1831, The New England Magazine announced that the firm had just published “Complete Sets of Lessons on Cards for Infant Schools, consisting of 100 Lessons of every variety, on 50 Boards.” It seems likely that these cards were part of that set. Reference: “Works Published,” The New England Magazine, 1 (1831), p. 368.", "William P. Goolman's 1874 School Desk Patent Model fragment — William P. Goodman from Kansas City, Missouri, received a U.S. patent for an improved desk. Patent no. 152224 was issued on June 23, 1874. The remaining parts of this desk model are four slats of dark wood that are indented on each side. The slats are connected by a museum foam board. According to the drawing and specifications both the seat and desk can be folded. The desktop was designed to be supported at different angles and included an ink well strip and bookrack. When the desk was folded, items sitting on the desk would not roll off. We are not aware of any additional information about the inventor/patentee.", "David I. Stagg's 1864 School and Public Building Seat Patent Model — David I. Stagg from New York received a U.S. patent for an improved seat. Patent no. 45091 was issued on November 15, 1864. This model is a bench seat that can fit two people. The bottom of the seat has the ability to fold upward so that it will not be in the way of people walking between the seats. There are small designs where the seat and backrest meet. The backrest has three horizontal pieces of wood or slats that are spaced for back support . It is made for both schools and public buildings. David I. Stagg was born in 1817. For fifty years he served as an apprentice and journeyman in the New York school system. In his last post he served as Superintendent of School Buildings, overseeing school construction. He died in 1886.", "Thomas Gregg's 1871 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — Thomas Gregg from Montour, Pennsylvania, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 119515 was issued on October 3, 1871. This model features exposed joints and brass nails which hold the desktop and tendon cross members forming the back and seat. Mounted on a platform, the framework is made up of brass and is decorative in design. The desktop does not lift up, but there is a shelf underneath for storage. We are not aware of any additional information about the inventor/patentee."], "persona": "education", "qid": "T2_education_3a925a21921c", "question": {"media": "d24554bb2aa65bbc.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"d24554bb2aa65bbc.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Building brick from Spelman College's Upton Hall — A clay brick that was once part of the structure of Spelman College's Upton Hall. The brick is a standard solid style brick, with slight irregularity because of a loss at one of the corners. The brick is a deep red color, and all sides of the brick are worn. There is no mortar residue except for a very small area on one of the brick's short sides.", "Carte-de-visite portrait of Emma V. Brown — Carte-de-visite of Emma V. Brown shown in half portrait. Her body faces the camera but her head is turned one quarter to her right and she looks off frame. Her hair is gathered loosely and in long ringlets that hang down behind her head. She wears a dark bodice with a ruffled front and collar with a white ruffled lace standing collar under it. A circular brooch is pinned at her center front neck. She wears circular dangling earrings. The bottom portion of the image is purposefully faded in the popular style of the time. Handwritten in ink below the photograph on the mount is the text, \"Emma V. Brown / my pupil & friend\". There is a mark for M.P & A.I. Rice on the back of the photograph. The photograph is housed in the album 2017.30. The album page has a triple-lined, gold border framing the print. Handwritten in graphite inside the bottom border of the printed frame of the album page is the text \"E. V. Brown\" and at the bottom left of the album page is the text \"M P Rice / 1217 Washington DC\".", "Flier for Southern Africa: The Struggle for National Liberation conference — This flier advertises a conference entitled Southern Africa: The Struggle for National Liberation. The flier is white paper with black text. The flier reads: [SOUTHERN AFRICA: The Struggle for National Liberation / A Conference sponsored by / The Yale-New Haven Southern African Solidarity Committee / Yale University / April 9-10, 1976 / Friday, April 9, 7:30p.m. - 9:45p.m., Davies Auditorium (Prospect St. near Grove St.) / Saturday, April 10, 9:00a.m.-6:00p.m., Linsly Chittenden (Old Campus, Chapel & High St.)]. The back of the flier details the schedule of events of the conference and information about the presenters.", "Pennant for Wilberforce University — A university pennant olive green in color with a strip of gold felt trim at its base. There is gold lettering in calligraphic script down the center of the pennant. The text reads [Wilberforce].The back of the pennant has no lettering. There is a small tear at the bottom PL of the pennant. The second \"r\" is ripping slightly at its center and the pennant is deeply creased down the center of the first \"e.\" The pennant is slightly browned with dirt and age."], "persona": "education", "qid": "T2_education_283e33c22551", "question": {"media": "fb12d04159f614b1.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"fb12d04159f614b1.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Card honoring Philip Goodwin Freelon — Card honoring Philip Goodwin Freelon, School of Design North Carolina State University. The white square card has black printed text in the center which reads [for outstanding work / in architectural design / PHILIP GOODWIN FREELON / SCHOOL OF DESIGN / NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY / presented by / north carolina chapter / american institute of architects / 1975]. The reverse is blank with some central adhesive residue.", "Pinback button reading \"Students for Mary Ellen\" — Pinback button from the Georgetown student referendum on semesterly fee to benefit descendants of the 272 enslaved people sold by Georgetown University in 1838. The button is round with gold letters reading [STUDENTS FOR / MARY ELLEN] and white letters reading [#STUDENTSFORTHE272] against a navy background.", "Flyer promoting the second phase of the NCNW's Citizenship Education Project — This flier announces the three projects associated with the second phase of the NCNW's Citizenship Education Project: \"voters education,\" \"pros & cons of all issues,\" and \"structure of state government.\" The flier is adhered to page 42 in Frances Albrier's scrapbook (2010.60.1).", "Flier for Southern Africa: The Struggle for National Liberation conference — This flier advertises a conference entitled Southern Africa: The Struggle for National Liberation. The flier is white paper with black text. The flier reads: [SOUTHERN AFRICA: The Struggle for National Liberation / A Conference sponsored by / The Yale-New Haven Southern African Solidarity Committee / Yale University / April 9-10, 1976 / Friday, April 9, 7:30p.m. - 9:45p.m., Davies Auditorium (Prospect St. near Grove St.) / Saturday, April 10, 9:00a.m.-6:00p.m., Linsly Chittenden (Old Campus, Chapel & High St.)]. The back of the flier details the schedule of events of the conference and information about the presenters."], "persona": "education", "qid": "T2_education_0d9ce75a3109", "question": {"media": "aba470c692dc66ea.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"aba470c692dc66ea.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Cheyney University Class of '64 40th Class Reunion name tag owned by Jim Vance — A name tag from the Cheyney University class of 1964 40th class reunion owned by Jim Vance. The tag is white with blue text. It is in a plastic holder with a metal clasp. Text on the tag reads “CHEYNEY UNIVERSITY / CLASS OF 64’ / 40TH CLASS REUNION / JAMES VANCE.”", "Football program for Booker T. Washington High School — A football program for a game between Muskogee's Manual Training High versus Tulsa's Booker T. Washington High School on Thanksgiving Day, 1930. The cover of the program is black ink on brown paper and has the game information and a sketch of a football player at center. The interior consists of several pages of black ink on white paper with drawings, the lineups, and fight songs. The back of the program has a history of the scores for the game.", "Photograph of Lucius Harper, Jr. \"off to school\" — This black and white oval photograph depicts a little boy in a suit with short pants. The little boy wears a light colored, double breasted suit jacket with dark pinstripes, and matching knee-length pants. He wears a tie, high dark sock, and dark shoes. Holding a dark hat in his left hand and a stack of books wrapped in a strap in his right, he stands with his left hand on his hip, gazing directly at the viewer. The photograph is mounted on a brown cardboard backing, with a raised decorative groove framing the photograph. Above the photograph on the left side are the words \"Off for school\" handwritten in pencil, while underneath on the right side are the words \"Lucius Harper/ Galveston, Tex.\"", "Photograph of Regina Egertion Wright with Colored Training School diploma — A black and white photograph portrait of Regina Egertion Wright holding a rolled and tied diploma. She wears a light-colored dress. This photograph was originally framed with the diploma, 2011.156.15.1"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T2_education_98de21ec2e64", "question": {"media": "015b4aa9023564e9.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"015b4aa9023564e9.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Cheyney University Class of '64 40th Class Reunion name tag owned by Jim Vance — A name tag from the Cheyney University class of 1964 40th class reunion owned by Jim Vance. The tag is white with blue text. It is in a plastic holder with a metal clasp. Text on the tag reads “CHEYNEY UNIVERSITY / CLASS OF 64’ / 40TH CLASS REUNION / JAMES VANCE.”", "School copy book used by Hannah Amelia Lyons — A school copy book printed by Philip Price in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and used by Hannah Amelia Lyons. The book has paper covers bound on the proper left side. A length of knotted pink string extends from the top edge of the binding, serving as a bookmark. Several engravings are printed on the front and back covers. On the front cover is a portrait of John Adams entitled \"Late President of the United States,\" above an allegorical scene and space for the owner to sign the book, followed by the printer's name. The back cover has an image of an eagle flying over open waters between two ships and clasping a banner reading \"SHIPPED\" in its beak. Below the eagle is a floral sprig on the left and a grouping of masonic symbols on the right, with a thin scrollwork border below them. Below the border is a shield with an eagle inside it holding a banner reading \"E Pluribus Unum\". Below the shield are two separate allegorical scenes. The interior pages contain various school exercises including mathematics and poetry, with inscriptions dating from 1830 to 1836. On the front cover, within a printed box at bottom center is \"THE PROPERTY OF\" with the signature [Hannah A. Lyons / 1832].", "Class of 1892 Oberlin Academy Preparatory School — A black and white photograph of the Oberlin Academy Preparatory School Class of 1892. There are three (3) rows of students. The first row is one (1) girl in a white dress. Her hair is pulled back and she has curls in the front. She appears to be kneeling on the ground. The middle row contains four (4) girls in white dresses. They are sitting down. The girl on the far proper right side has her hair pulled back with curls in the front. The girl to her left has curly hair which is also pulled back. The two girls to her left do not have curls, but their hair is pulled back with a bow. The back row contains six (6) students. Three girls in white dresses and three boys in black suits. The boy in the middle is also wearing a black tie. There are two (2) girls on the proper right side. They have their hair pulled back with curls in the front. Eva Dyson is the female student on the proper left side. Her hair is pulled back as well. The boy to her right is wearing glasses. The photo was taken in an interior setting. A rug, a chair, and some plants can be seen. All of the students are holding what appears to be a diploma in their hands. The photograph is mounted on a black board. The board appears to be marbled because of age and some of the corners are torn. The image appears to have yellowed with age. There are some spots on the back of the board. There is also a diagonal white label on the proper left side of the board. It reads [1892 Graduation/10.- DC] in pencil.", "Ideals and Adventures (The Negro American Series Book Four) — Hardcover school book by Emma E. Akin titled Ideals and Adventures. The book has a green cloth cover with a black graphic on the cover and black text. The graphic occupies the upper three quarters of the cover. It shows an open book with different figures coming out of each page. They include a male painter, a woman wearing a shawl, a man poised to throw something, a woman holding an alphabet instruction book, a little girl, and a couple. Underneath the image is the title and author’s name. Handwritten in blue pencil on the front free endpaper is “Dup.” The book has 251 pages."], "persona": "education", "qid": "T2_education_da2f93ffff68", "question": {"media": "4f9f3fb5f65a70c1.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"4f9f3fb5f65a70c1.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Flier for Southern Africa: The Struggle for National Liberation conference — This flier advertises a conference entitled Southern Africa: The Struggle for National Liberation. The flier is white paper with black text. The flier reads: [SOUTHERN AFRICA: The Struggle for National Liberation / A Conference sponsored by / The Yale-New Haven Southern African Solidarity Committee / Yale University / April 9-10, 1976 / Friday, April 9, 7:30p.m. - 9:45p.m., Davies Auditorium (Prospect St. near Grove St.) / Saturday, April 10, 9:00a.m.-6:00p.m., Linsly Chittenden (Old Campus, Chapel & High St.)]. The back of the flier details the schedule of events of the conference and information about the presenters.", "A stereograph of Howard University in the late 19th century — A stereograph produced by C. W. Woodward, date unknown, of an outdoor scene titled: \"1482. Howard University, Washington City, D.C.\" below the image. The stereograph is rectangular in shape with two identical albumen photographs that are square-shaped attached to a piece of cardboard. Both images feature a stately University building in the background with a large group of African American men and women in the foreground standing or lounging on the lawn. The left edge of the stereograph contains the following textual information inside a decorative banner: \"C.W. Woodward, Rochester, N.Y.\" while the right side contains the following: \"Washington City, D.C.\" inside a decorative banner.", "Diploma from The Lelia College — This diploma from The Lelia College reads \"The Lelia College\" in large black ornate letters in a curve across the top. Beneath it reads \"Indianapolis, Indiana/ For teaching Mme. C.J. Walker's Method of Growing Hair.\" For full text please see Notes Text Entries Transcription. The diploma is decorated with scrolling swirls around the college name and a stylized border around the edge. The paper is yellowed and creased and torn along some of the creases. The diploma is surrounded by a white matting and dark brown wooden frame with a glassed front. On the back of the frame is a white sticker with red and black text. It reads \"Enterprising Women: / 250 Years of American Business / National Heritage Museum / BU 3.4-WF Wall Frame No. 3.5.22 / Walker, Madam C. J. (1867-1919) / Lelia College Diploma / A'Lelia Bundles/Walker Family Collection / All venues.\"", "Carte-de-visite portrait of Miss Julia J. Thomas — Carte-de-visite of Miss Julia J. Thomas shown in quarter portrait. Thomas is facing the camera, but her head is turned one quarter to her right and she looks off camera. Her naturally curly hair is loosely gathered behind her back. She wears a heavily embellished dark colored bodice with a white ruffled standing collar and a dark lace bow tied at the front of her neck. The bottom portion of the image is purposefully faded in the popular style of the time. There is a border printed in gold ink surrounding the outside edges of the card mount. Handwritten in ink on the back of the photograph is the text, \"Julia J. Thomas / First Scholar in Greek / at Cornell. / Graduate June 1875.\" Below the handwritten text is Beardsley's mark. The photograph is housed in the album 2017.30. The album page has a triple-lined, gold border framing the print. Handwritten in graphite inside the bottom border of the printed frame of the album page is the text \"Miss Julia J. Thomas\". Handwritten in graphite at the lower left corner of the album page is the text \"1st GREEK SCHOLAR IN GREEK / at CORNELL Grad. June 1875\"."], "persona": "education", "qid": "T2_education_7ca06b699fb9", "question": {"media": "211f1f832f8c6934.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"211f1f832f8c6934.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Football program for Booker T. Washington High School — A football program for a game between Muskogee's Manual Training High versus Tulsa's Booker T. Washington High School on Thanksgiving Day, 1930. The cover of the program is black ink on brown paper and has the game information and a sketch of a football player at center. The interior consists of several pages of black ink on white paper with drawings, the lineups, and fight songs. The back of the program has a history of the scores for the game.", "The Clique, Fisk University Campus — In this black-and-white photograph, eight girls lay on their stomachs in a grassy area, propped up with their elbows, and look to the camera. They wear white blouses. In the background, two buildings and several trees are visible. Inscribed on the bottom of the photograph is \"THE CLIQUE.\" Below the photograph on the mat is a lengthy inscription reading, \"The history of the “two weeks” won’t be forgotten, Nelson. / I only hope that distance and years may not dim / the memory of any of the above but especially not that of / the giver – one who thinks of you and hopes for success to you.\"", "Hat worn by Dr. Isaac Greggs with The Human Jukebox marching band — A hat worn by Dr. Isaac Ben Greggs, the Director of the Southern University - Baton Rouge marching band nicknamed \"The Human Jukebox.\" The military-style peaked cap has a navy crown with an gold embroidered “S” at center front. The sideband and bill are black felt embellished with embroidered gold leaves. Gold cording, knotted twice in front, is attached to the front sideband by looping around two (2) gold buttons, one attached to each side of the cap at the temple. The buttons have a lyre design. There are two (2) small black grommets on either side of the hat, above the felt sideband. In the interior of the cap, there a black plastic sweatband covered with black leather vinyl. There is a plastic support in the interior of the front of the cap. Inside the crown is lined with clear plastic. In the center of the clear plastic lining, there is a rectangular sleeve to hold a card or label. Attached to the clear plastic lining, In between the sleeve and the bill, is a round sticker. The sticker is yellow with a black trim, and has text in black with red accents: [DeMoulin], [618/664-2000], [5], and [Greenville, Illinois 62246]. Printed onto the underside of the cap, in between the sleeve and the back of the cap, is the text: [BAYLY, INC./HOLLYWOOD, FLA.]. Underneath the sweatband at the back of the cap is a manufacturer's label with the text: [Manufactured By: / BAYLY, INC. / Hollywood, Florida / U.S.A. / (L) 7 1/2-7 3/8]. The back of this label contains cleaning instructions.", "Contract for the Poro System of Hair Treatment and signed pupil agreement — This is a Poro contract from the office of Annie Pope-Turnbo. On the first page is an undated and unsigned Contract for the Poro System of Hair Treatment and Instruction. Included in the contract are the cost of the course, the proper use of the course instruction, and the subsequent teaching of the course. Along the top of the contract is the letterhead for the office of Annie Pope-Turnbo in large letters that reads \"OFFICE OF/ MRS. ANNIE M. POPE-TURNBO/ NO.3100 PINE STREET, ST. LOUIS, MO. / The \"PORO\" System of Hair Treatment and Instruction.\" On the second page is a Poro College Subsequent pupil agreement signed by Lucille Brown and others. The agreement reiterates the contract conditions. Along the bottom right corner of the agreement are the signatures for Mrs. Grozelia B. Maxwell and Mrs. Lucille Brown, who have signed as pupils for the Poro College instruction. Witnesses to the agreement are in the bottom left corner \"\"PORO\"/ Trade Mark, Registered in U. S. Patent Office, Jan. 5, 1907. Preparation for Treatment of the Hair. / IN TESTIMONY WHEREOF, said instructor and said subsequent pupil have hereunto affixed their/ signatures and seals at Weir and McCool Miss. / this 15th day of March 1915/ Mrs. Grozelia B. Maxwell \"SEAL\"/ Mrs. Lucille Brown \"SEAL\"/ WITNESSES: / Prof. Elder Brown/ Rev. C.[?] H. Maxwell.\""], "persona": "education", "qid": "T2_education_ec7a6e9ab4ea", "question": {"media": "edcf31d34344642b.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"edcf31d34344642b.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Frank T. June's 1878 School Desk Connecting Improvement Patent Model — Frank T. June from Chicago, Illinois, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 198922 was issued on January 1, 1878. This model has four thick, large wooden slats held together by a vertical cast iron rod. The patent established a way to join the slats that form seat backs and seat. The vertical standards would feature a groove and dovetailed slats would slide into place. This system offered ease of construction with few tools. Frank T. June joined Aaron J. Hull in running the Novelty Iron Works which produced the supports and metal work for many school desk manufacturers. It later became Sterling School Furniture Company. At one time, Hull also served as President of the Sherwood School Furniture Company. A prolific inventor, Hull moved from desks to pumps in the late 1870s.", "The Good Child's Delight — The Good Child's Delight has no title page acknowledging the book’s author, publisher, or date, but it’s presence in the Copp’s library likely places it at a New England publisher during the late 18th or early 19th century. The book contains various lessons for good children that are accompanied by interesting illustrations. The Copp Collection contains about 150 books of early American imprint and shows a wide range of reading matter typical of a New England Puritan family living in a port town. Literacy was expected of many New Englanders, as Puritan doctrine required everyone to read the Bible. The abundance of multiple Bibles, psalms, hymnodies, sermons, and morality tales reflects the Copp’s religious beliefs. Other highlights of the library include the works of Shakespeare, almanacs, historical and political texts, and travel narratives. The Copp Collection contains a variety of household objects that the Copp family of Connecticut used from around 1700 until the mid-1800s. Part of the Puritan Great Migration from England to Boston, the family eventually made their home in New London County, Connecticut, where their textiles, clothes, utensils, ceramics, books, bibles, and letters provide a vivid picture of daily life. More of the collection from the Division of Home and Community Life can be viewed by searching accession number 28810.", "David I. Stagg's 1875 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — David I. Stagg from New York City received a U.S. patent for an improved folding school desk. Patent no. 167033 was issued on August 24, 1875. This model is made completely of unpolished wood. Most of the wood is dark, but the wood that connects the chair to the hinges is a lighter color. The desk can fold in different ways, making it compact. It is set on a wooden foundation and can be pivoted vertically or folded at the front of the desk, leaving a chair or a bench with no backrest. The innovative arms, pins, and shoulders are used to pivot the desktop. David I. Stagg was born September 6, 1816 in Patterson, New Jersey. For fifty years he served as an apprentice and journeyman in the New York school system. In his last post he served the New York City Board of Education as Superintendent of School Buildings, overseeing school construction from 1872-1886. The museum owns four of his school desk patent models. He died May 11, 1886.", "Morris Lancaster's 1876 School Desk and Seat Hinge Improvement Patent Model — Morris Lancaster from Richmond, Indiana, received a U.S. patent for an improved hinge to work with the school desk lid. Patent no. 181689 was issued on August 29, 1876. This model features a combination of wood and metal. The patent has a new mechanism called a “pawl” or “dog” that acted as a stop concerning the desk lid. This held the lid in position and operated automatically to hold or release it. Morris Lancaster was born in 1842 and became a carpenter in Richmond, Indiana."], "persona": "education", "qid": "T2_education_eb44268e889f", "question": {"media": "f02d3e91257b7f56.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"f02d3e91257b7f56.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["George Elsey's 1878 School Desk Juncture Improvement Patent Model — George Elsey from Springfield, Massachusetts, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 203252 was issued on May 7, 1878. This model of a manufacturing improvement for school desks is made out of wood and iron. The wood is joined to the iron by using oblique tendons and transverse angular slots that fit into each other. The design holds the wooden slats firmly so they will not separate, but brace each other. There is a small silver plaque that reads: \"George Elsey Inventor Dec. 1 1877\" but the remainder of the patent model is missing. George Elsey founded the Elsey School Furniture Company and produced settees, lawn and school benches, folding event chairs, and a desk called \"The Model,\" based on this patent..", "Joe V. Meigs' 1874 Desk and Seat Patent Model — Joe V. Meigs from Lowell, Massachusetts, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 151898 was issued on June 9, 1874. This model is made of wood and cast iron. The desks are attached at the back and the seats face one another. They are mounted on a wooden platform. The patent stressed comfort and claimed the desk would, “avoid fatigue and distortion of the body.” His model is rather decorative with a diamond design, made up of metal bars that cross each other. The tops are made out of wood or iron but if iron is used he encouraged the metal to be japanned, enameled, or marbleized, adding further decoration. The desk is designed to be very practical, and the whole desk comes apart to be easily transported. There are two black seats curved and connected by cast iron. The two seats are facing one another and placed on a wooden base. Joseph Vincent Meigs was born June 17, 1840, into a prominent family from Nashville, Tennessee. His father was attorney, Whig state senator, and publisher, Return Jonathan Meigs. Joe V. Meigs created his first invention, a railroad coupling, at the age of fourteen. He became a patent lawyer, but his mechanical skills also allowed him to become a prolific inventor. He was granted twenty- two patents for various inventions including the school desk, a reclining chair, and automatic fishing pole. His family supported the Union during the Civil War, and in 1864 he took command as captain of Battery A of the 2nd Black Light Artillery Battalion U.S. Colored Troops. After inventing a breech-loading firearm, he was hired by the U.S. Cartridge Company, where he served as chief inventor. His most ambitious invention was a steam driven elevated monorail called the Meigs Elevated Railway, designed to improve rapid transit. A quarter mile of track was constructed in Cambridge, Massachusetts 1885-1886 to promote his design but construction delays, politics, and his distrust of the use of electricity for new designs impeded his success. He died November 14,1907 in Boston, Massachusetts..", "Elijah Wilson's 1870 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — Elijah Wilson from New Brighton, Pennsylvania, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 110101 was issued on December 13, 1870. This model is made out of wood and cast iron, which is now very rusty. The desk is meant to be compact and adjustable to take up the least amount of space. The seat can fold up and is supported by a chain on the side of the desk. The desk on the back folds in, but the lid does not lift up. Storage is available underneath the desk on a shelf. The iron legs are screwed to a wooden platform. It is also adjustable to fit the needs of children of any height. We are not aware of any additional information about the inventor/patentee.", "Eldridge Haynes's 1877 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — Eldridge Clark Haynes from Kirk's Cross Roads, Indiana, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 186729 was issued on January 30, 1877. This model is made of wood and has metal hinges. It has alternating light and dark slats of wood and the seat folds up. It does not have legs, but rather has two boards for base support. There is a shelf underneath the desk top for storage and a routed crevice for holding pencils. Eldridge Haynes was born on July 10, 1816 in New York. He died on August 25, 1882 in Kirklin, Indiana."], "persona": "education", "qid": "T2_education_6a9226803c2a", "question": {"media": "bb7483cdee71b68c.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"bb7483cdee71b68c.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["George H. Grant's 1874 School Seat Patent Model — George H. Grant from Richmond, Indiana, received a U.S. patent for an improved seat. Patent no. 151873 was issued on June 9, 1874. This model is a combination of iron and wood. The improved seat can be used in churches, parks, schools, halls, or lawns. The intent was to make a stronger seat that was cheap, portable, and easily constructed without skilled labor. The backrest and seat are made of dark wooden slats that are pushed together and curved for support. The feet of the chair legs feature holes that can be for mounting to a base. George H. Grant and John Allen formed a partnership to manufacture school desks. After Allen’s death, the firm became George H. Grant & Company. In 1876 Grant formed a partnership with A. W. Hempleman to manufacture school and church furniture.", "Henry H. Elberg's 1877 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — Henry H. Elberg from Greenfield, Indiana, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 191846 was issued on June 12, 1877. This model is made of wood and has metal hinges. The seat curves and can be folded up. The desk's backrest is metal and has wooden hinges so that the desk folds down. A cushion of rubber or leather was to be inserted between the leg and the seat bracket to help prevent noise. The front legs flare out from the desk. There is no storage for books. We are not aware of any additional information about the inventor/patentee.", "1831 World Map by Marianne S. Fernald, Student at Charlestown Female Academy — This hand drawn map, a cartography school assignment, was created Marianne S. Fernald who signed the work M.A.S. Fernald/1831. It depicts the eastern and western hemispheres as perceived at the time. Included are geographic labels, including continents, regions, islands, and bodies of water. The bottom reads, Charlestown, Female Publick School.. Marianne S. Fernald (1816-1871), the daughter of William and Sarah Fernald, would have been a 14 year old student at the time she created this map as a student of the Charlestown Female Seminary. The Charlestown Female Seminary was opened in 1830 at 30 Union Street and founded by 2 Baptist pastors, Dr. William Collier and Dr. Henry Jackson. For the citizens of Charlestown, one of the oldest neighborhoods in Boston, Massachusetts, this was the second school for girls. the first was Mount Benedict Academy, which was an Ursuline convent and finishing school. Both were tragically burned to the ground by a Nativist mob in 1834. By May 9, 1831, the Charlestown Female Seminary was being run by Martha Whiting, one of the pioneers in female education. In her memoirs she states that there were about 40 pupils and 4 teachers; that later increased to 160 students.To prepare young ladies for \"republican motherhood\" or as teachers, they outfited the school with a telescope, a microscope with about 400 objects, and a set of transparent maps. They taught music, drawing, painting, penmanship, projection of maps, bookkeeping, English, American and ancient history, political economy, Latin and of course the scriptures. There were also special lectures of physiology and chemistry and philosophy. While the trustees were all men, Miss Whiting was appointed the first headmistress or Governess when she came from a school in Hingham, Ma She later became Director until her death in 1853. Private female seminaries and academies catering to girls from wealthy and upper middle class families were common in the East and in urban areas of the United States during the first half of the 19th Century.", "Morris Lancaster's 1876 School Desk and Seat Hinge Improvement Patent Model — Morris Lancaster from Richmond, Indiana, received a U.S. patent for an improved hinge to work with the school desk lid. Patent no. 181689 was issued on August 29, 1876. This model features a combination of wood and metal. The patent has a new mechanism called a “pawl” or “dog” that acted as a stop concerning the desk lid. This held the lid in position and operated automatically to hold or release it. Morris Lancaster was born in 1842 and became a carpenter in Richmond, Indiana."], "persona": "education", "qid": "T2_education_ff684ee1b2cd", "question": {"media": "2b73d06834974c7d.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"2b73d06834974c7d.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["James Russell's 1871 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — James Russell from Plymouth, Indiana, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 117467 was issued on July 25, 1871. This model has two separate seats that fold up, with a backrest connected like a bench. There are two attached desks behind the back rest that both have lids that can lift up. The wooden bench seat and desk are made of a dark wood with metal hinges. The desktop is divided to make a pair. The bench on the desk front is split in the same manner as the desktop. There is storage underneath both desks for books. The seats fold up individually, though the back rest is connected like a bench. The model includes original patent tags. James Russell was born in 1821 and became a carpenter in Plymouth, Indiana.", "The New Geographical Grammar — Thomas Salmon’s first edition of New Universal Geographical and Historical Grammar was published in 1749. This edition isn’t dated, but since it was still dedicated to King George the Third, it was likely published before his death in 1820. The book contained a description of the shape and motion of the Earth, with descriptions of each continent, its rulers, and its main geographic features. Early New England education was focused around textbooks like the New Universal Geographical and Historical Grammar, which was very successful with . over ten editions printed. The Copp Collection contains about 150 books of early American imprint and shows a wide range of reading matter typical of a New England Puritan family living in a port town. Literacy was expected of many New Englanders, as Puritan doctrine required everyone to read the Bible. The abundance of multiple Bibles, psalms, hymnodies, sermons, and morality tales reflects the Copp’s religious beliefs. Other highlights of the library include the works of Shakespeare, almanacs, historical and political texts, and travel narratives. The Copp Collection contains a variety of household objects that the Copp family of Connecticut used from around 1700 until the mid-1800s. Part of the Puritan Great Migration from England to Boston, the family eventually made their home in New London County, Connecticut, where their textiles, clothes, utensils, ceramics, books, bibles, and letters provide a vivid picture of daily life. More of the collection from the Division of Home and Community Life can be viewed by searching accession number 28810.", "Isaac Newton Peirce's 1891 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — Isaac Newton Peirce from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, received a U.S. patent for an improved walnut and brass school desk. Patent no. 121543 was issued on December 5, 1871. This desk features a shelf for books. The patent suggested there be a pocket or small shelf in front of the bookshelf for holding pens and pencils. The desk can be raised or lowered. It has a pair of cast brass \"A\" shape pieces which are used to support a writing flap. The bench is smooth with a curved backrest. There are also springs underneath the desktop. We are not aware of any additional information about the inventor/patentee.", "A History of the American Revolution — Samuel Williams authored A History of the American Revolution in 1795 when it first appeared in monthly installments in his Rural Magazine. This edition was compiled from the monthly editions and published by William Storer, Jr. in 1824. The book was intended as a reading book for schools, to teach children about the history of the American Revolution. The preface notes that, “next to the Bible, the history of the American Revolution is most deservedly entitled to the attention and reverence of the youth.” The book was published in several editions, speaking to its popularity among early colonists and its utility in teaching youngster the history of the new country. The Copp Collection contains about 150 books of early American imprint and shows a wide range of reading matter typical of a New England Puritan family living in a port town. Literacy was expected of many New Englanders, as Puritan doctrine required everyone to read the Bible. The abundance of multiple Bibles, psalms, hymnodies, sermons, and morality tales reflects the Copp’s religious beliefs. Other highlights of the library include the works of Shakespeare, almanacs, historical and political texts, and travel narratives. The Copp Collection contains a variety of household objects that the Copp family of Connecticut used from around 1700 until the mid-1800s. Part of the Puritan Great Migration from England to Boston, the family eventually made their home in New London County, Connecticut, where their textiles, clothes, utensils, ceramics, books, bibles, and letters provide a vivid picture of daily life. More of the collection from the Division of Home and Community Life can be viewed by searching accession number 28810."], "persona": "education", "qid": "T2_education_a9cde280dc1c", "question": {"media": "9c6978e0c032d39a.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"9c6978e0c032d39a.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["James S. Rankin's 1879 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — James S. Rankin from Muscoda, Minnesota, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 211521 was issued on January 21, 1879. This model has four seats with a slat of wood for a backrest and sits on a wooden base. The seats connect to each other, side by side, by a piece of wood that also connects to the desk, so two chairs share one desk. This desk model was considered an improvement in school desks because it was a double desk that would separate students like a single desk. The backs are elastic and adjustable. The backrest is made to fit under the shoulder blades and designed so that no hard points or surfaces are touching the spine. This would make the chair more comfortable to sit in. The chair was meant to support the students so they might have an \"erect and natural position.\" It was considered easy to access and allowed easy sweeping of the floors. James S. Rankin was born in 1818. He served as a county and city superintendent of schools in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He was known for the Rankin School Desk, which was popular because it was inexpensive and convenient. These desks were used in Louisville, Kentucky; Chicago, Illinois, and many other city schools. His desk was exhibited in the Mechanic’s Hall at the Indiana State Fair where it was recommended for first premium, a cash award. He died in 1897.", "William N. Foster's 1872 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — William N. Foster from Indianapolis, Indiana, received a U.S. patent for an improved bench. Patent no. 128871 was issued on July 9, 1872. This desk features a seat with five slats of alternating dark and light wood. The metal hinges allow the seat to fold up. The backrest and seat are not joined. There is a storage shelf underneath, but the desktop does not lift up. \"Fosters patent Applied for May 1st\" is painted on the desk. Foster was concerned with all the practical elements of the desk, incorporating a groove for the holding of pens and pencils and providing an inkstand attached to the desk. He also considered the comfort of the students and added a place for them to rest their feet. William N. Foster founded Foster’s Bent Wood School Furniture in Indianapolis.", "Henry G. Sellman's 1871 Improved Frame for School Desk and Seat Patent Model fragment — Henry G. Sellman from North Newburg, Michigan, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 114869 was issued on May 16, 1871. This model features an improved hinge that facilitates a seat that folds up and a desk on the back of the backrest that folds down. The innovation would give more room between desks when necessary. The desk and seat combination was constructed of metal and wood but only the side support featuring the hinge remains. We are not aware of any additional information about the inventor/patentee.", "Issac Cook's 1868 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — Isaac Cook from St. Louis, Missouri, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 74993 was issued on March 3, 1868. This patent features a wooden flat bench with no lower back support. The legs are attached to a wooden platform with brass and metal hinges, and the seat folds up. The desk is attached behind the backrest and features a metal-checkered pattern on the sides. There is a shelf underneath the desk top for storage. A plaque on the backrest says \"Isaac Cook, Saint Louis M.O. Adjustable Seat.\" We are not aware of any additional information about the inventor/patentee."], "persona": "education", "qid": "T2_education_53e004e4f4bd", "question": {"media": "8aa86d7ac40d29a2.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"8aa86d7ac40d29a2.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["James Smith's 1871 School Desks and Seats Patent Model — James Smith from Richmond, Indiana, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 118161 was issued on August 15, 1871. This wood and iron model is a double desk, with four individual seats. The two desk tops and the seats, despite having a bench-like backrest, are individualized and divided so that each seat can fold up. The backrest is composed of ten slats. There are two springs on the back of each desk for extra back support. The desk is attached to the back of the backrest with storage. It has an iron frame and metal hinges. A brass plate on the patent model states: \"School Desks, James Smith, Richmond, Ind.\" Another silver colored plate has \"School Desk James Smith, Richmond, Ind.\" engraved on it. Ezra Smith, Asa Smith, and James Smith owned Ezra Smith & Co., where they manufactured various types of school furniture.", "Red School House Child's Bank — Following patriotic fervor generated by the Centennial celebrations of 1776 and a resurgence in Nativism due to a fear and concerns of loss of white Anglo-American as a reaction to the large influx of foreign immigrants, classrooms began including patriotic symbols and school tools and supplies. This small child size little red schoolhouse bank represents the multiple and often conflicted messages of the white Anglo citizenry toward their new immigrant neighbors. Theodore Roosevelt, who, on January 3, 1919, wrote a speech for the American Defense Society \"… We have room for but one language here and that is the English language, for we intend to see that the crucible turns our people out as Americans, and American nationality, and not as dwellers in a polyglot boarding house.\" (See Jan 7, 1919 edition of The Chicago Daily Tribune). Fifteen years earlier, as president, Roosevelt had come to the defense of Asian immigrants fighting school segregation in California. His comments on English came days before his death, and were championed by many native-born Americans happyfor cheaper labor but not for for the many cultural and language differences that came with immigration. The bank’s inherent message of saving for a bright future is positive. In 1816, Boston Provident became the earliest American savings bank. Savings banks were popular among immigrants and 71 % of Boston Provident’s early depositors were women and children. Early savings banks were charitable institutions, created to assist the poorer working class into developing thrift habits. Charles Loring Brace created a savings bank in 1854 for the boys he was assisting in vocational schools for the Children’s Aide Society in New York. School banking systems developed in the late 1870’s with public schools in New York but by 1885 had spread throughout the country. This bank was clearly meant to be functional as it has as a small slot on one side for coins and is easily opened with a latch on the bottom. The bottom is stamped “controlled by/Jos D. Lowe Co./ Banks and Brokers/131 Tremont St. Boston, Mass./for the price of 25cts. /patented.” Jos. D. Lowe Co. was a relatively new business in Boston, catering to women, according to advertisements in local newspapers of the period, and founded by botanist Josephine Dyer Lowe (1843-1930). Josephine had attended Mount Holyoke College for Women in 1863 and 1864, and married in 1867 a naturalized citizen, British-American Rear Admiral John Lowe, a Civil War veteran and expert in torpedo boats and submarines for the US Navy. She had varied interests and passed her unquenchable curiosity to her two surviving daughters Edith Brinton Lowe (b. 1875) and artist/author/ amateur archaologist Alice Lowe Ferguson (1880-1951). Josephine began attending MIT in 1896, where she studied architecture and engineering according to student records and graduated in 1899. She and her husband settled in Washington, D.C., where she was very active socially, published in botany, and was a member of several botanical societies. Daughter Alice married geologist Henry G. Ferguson in 1914, and made a home at \"Hard Bargain Farm\" in Accokeek, Maryland, which later became part of Piscataway National Park across the river from Mt Vernon. The bank was produced inexpensively from wood, cardboard, and paper. Since the base is stamped with a small price and given value it may have been sold or given to good customers, but more likely it would also have been used as an incentive to be awarded as a premium, which was a common practice at the time. Clearly the bank was created with the Nativist viewpoint in mind and designed for a child’s use. The text printed on the surface on both the back wall and the roof are what make this a wonderful artifact for teaching about Americanization. The back wall is devoted to the patriotic rhetoric and flag legend including that the designer of the “stars and stripes” was George Washington and its maker in 1777 as Mrs. Elizabeth (Betsey) Ross. There is a line at the bottom proclaiming the Town of Dorchester as the site of the first public school on May 30, 1630, a claim by the town that is open to debate. Under the eve of the roof is the Balch flag pledge, which predates the Pledge of Allegiance by several years. It was created by George Thatcher Balch, a Civil War veteran appointed by the New York City mayor to inspect city schools for health issues led to a preoccupation with the teaching of Patriotism within the schools. His pledge involves a salute that looked much like the Hitler youth salute. The words of the pledge are “I give my heart and my hand to my country—one country, one language, one flag.” The last part was adopted and modified as a slogan for the Americanization movement that Balch was so invested in and is what is printed on the bank. The motto proclaims: “On These We Insist: One Nation, One Flag, One Language, One School.” The original 23-word version of the Pledge of Allegiance is also included on one side of the roof in faded, painted letters. It reads: I PLEDGE ALLEGIANCE TO MY FLAG AND TO THE REPUBLIC. FOR WHICH IT STANDS ONE NATION INDIVISIBLE - WITH LIBERTY AND JUSTICE FOR All. The Pledge of Allegiance was created for the Columbus Day 400th anniversary ceremony at the Columbia Exposition and encouraged to be recited in schools throughout the country; it was published in the Youth’s Companion Magazine in September of 1892 a month before the ceremony. The Americanization movement continued until about 1920, but this bank was probably made between October 1892 and 1905. Several flag pledges were used in public schools, in 1905 but a common practice was the combine the 2 most popular pledges- the Balch Pledge and the Pledge of Allegiance. A combined pledge was adopted by the DAR and both presence of both pledges on this small artifact are evidence of the presence of Patriotism and Americanization in the schools of the period.", "Charles H. Presbrey's 1873 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — Charles H. Presbrey from Sterling, Illinoi,s received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 135154 was issued on January 21, 1873. This desk features a hinge designed to minimize the damage done by friction. The wood is an oak color with iron painted black and has a novelty design to it. Dark and light colored wood alternate together. The seat folds up. The seat is curved, and the desk is attached behind the bench. There is a groove for writing utensils and storage under the desk for books. On both sides of the desk is an iron logo that is shaped as a circle. \"COGGER\" is carved on the wooden base, and there is a signature in black ink on top of the seat that says \"Charles H. Presbrey.\" The monogram “A” is impressed in the lower leg support of the desk probably as a manufacturer's mark. The model is attached to a wooden base for stability, but this would not be present in the full sized desk. Disjointed parts are tied together and attached to the model, indicating an earlier repair. Charles Presbrey was born in 1835. In 1885 Presbrey and Edward Thomas founded C.H. Presbrey & Co. taking over the Novelty Manufacturing Company, originally founded in 1869.", "James S. Rankin's 1879 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — James S. Rankin from Muscoda, Minnesota, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 211521 was issued on January 21, 1879. This model has four seats with a slat of wood for a backrest and sits on a wooden base. The seats connect to each other, side by side, by a piece of wood that also connects to the desk, so two chairs share one desk. This desk model was considered an improvement in school desks because it was a double desk that would separate students like a single desk. The backs are elastic and adjustable. The backrest is made to fit under the shoulder blades and designed so that no hard points or surfaces are touching the spine. This would make the chair more comfortable to sit in. The chair was meant to support the students so they might have an \"erect and natural position.\" It was considered easy to access and allowed easy sweeping of the floors. James S. Rankin was born in 1818. He served as a county and city superintendent of schools in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He was known for the Rankin School Desk, which was popular because it was inexpensive and convenient. These desks were used in Louisville, Kentucky; Chicago, Illinois, and many other city schools. His desk was exhibited in the Mechanic’s Hall at the Indiana State Fair where it was recommended for first premium, a cash award. He died in 1897."], "persona": "education", "qid": "T2_education_607289eecc61", "question": {"media": "a8df30bb70908977.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"a8df30bb70908977.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Kindergarten Block Set Gift No. 6 by Milton Bradley — Kindergarten as a concept was developed in Germany by Friedrich Froebel (1782-1852), a student of Swiss educator Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi. Froebel’s German kindergartens encouraged children to enjoy natural studies, music, stories, play with manipulative learning toys. He recommended teachers use geometric shapes and crafts for teaching and advocated the use of ‘gifts’ or playthings in the form of geometric shapes to promote learning and occupations or activities. Froebel also incorporated learning through expression, systematized play and social imitation. The first kindergarten opened in Germany in 1837; the first in the US was opened by Margarethe Schurz to a German speaking community in Wisconsin in 1856. In 1860, Elizabeth Peabody opened the first English speaking kindergarten in Boston. Over time, kindergarten was introduced into public schools with the changed purpose of providing an early academic foundation for 5 and 6-year old children preparing for 1st grade. This set of blocks is the sixth “gift” in the series manufactured by the Milton Bradley Company. The blocks are in a square cherry wood box with a removable sliding top and a faded green label on one side. The box contains thirty-six wood blocks of three standard sizes: sixteen long, wide rectangular blocks; six long, thin rectangular blocks; and fourteen short, wide rectangular blocks. Milton Bradley Company was established by Milton Bradley (1836-1911) in 1860. A mechanical draughtsman and patent agent interested in lithography, board games and puzzles, Milton Bradley became interested in the kindergarten movement after he attended a lecture by Elizabeth Peabody in 1869. Elizabeth and her sister Mary, who was by then the widow of educator Horace Mann, were devoted to promoting Froebel’s philosophy of creative play for pre-school children and helped spread of the Kindergarten Movement to America’s cities. These “gift boxes” are examples of school equipment made by Milton Bradley sometime between 1880 to 1900 for use in kindergartens. Milton Bradley produced educational materials free of charge for the kindergartens in his hometown of Springfield, Massachusetts and was committed to developing kindergarten educational materials such as these gifts, colored papers and paints.", "Isaac Newton Peirce's 1866 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — Isaac Newton Peirce from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 53474 was issued on March 27, 1866. This desk has a simple metal support system for both the chair and desk. The legs flare out. The chair is wooden with a metal curved back, but most of the back is exposed so there is only upper back support. The chair is attached to a metal pole that connects from under the seat and extends to the side. The desk sits on a wooden base foundation. We are not aware of any additional information about the inventor/patentee.", "M. L. Holt and L. C. Abbott's 1870 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — M.L. Holt and L.C. Abbott from Eaton, Ohio, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk and seat. Patent no. 99895 was issued on February 15, 1870. The model featured a seat and desk that were both adjustable. M.L. Holt and L.C. Abbott were schoolteachers. Holt served as a school principal and Abbott served on the Board of Education. Besides partnering together to patent the school desk, patent no. 998895, the two men would partner with Sterling D. Tuttle (Eaton, Ohio) and patent another school desk seat, patent no. 80106.", "Isaac Whitbeck's 1878 School Desk Patent Model (desktop missing leg support) — Isaac Whitbeck from Potter, New York, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 209533 was issued on October 29, 1878. This is an improvement for a two seat desk. The two desktops fold out from the middle on opposite sides and are painted black and red. The storage area is divided into sections for pens, inkstands, and private papers. On top of the desk is a place for a lamp as well as adjustable reflectors. This model is composed primarily of metal and is in poor condition as it is missing the leg supports and the central desk surface.. We are not aware of any additional information about the inventor/patentee."], "persona": "education", "qid": "T2_education_c1a5d4a044e7", "question": {"media": "8fcbc76526d47921.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"8fcbc76526d47921.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Milan C. Stebbin and Edwin J. Piper's 1873 School Desk Patent Model — Milan C. Stebbins and Edwin J. Piper from Springfield, Massachusetts, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 137732 was issued on April 8, 1873. This model features a wooden slatted seat that is secured onto a pedestal. The combination of slats, hinges, flanges, and processions is new. The backrest is curved and connects to the seat, which gives lower back support. The ends of the slats are connected to a metal frame that outlines the entire seat. The stem is screwed into a wooden base. The seat is not adjustable and does not fold. Milan Cyrus Stebbins was born in Granby, Massachusetts, in 1828. He was a teacher, school principal and pastor. He died in 1889 in Cornwall, Vermont. Edwin J. Piper was born in 1849. In addition to being a co--inventor of this desk, Piper was an inventor and the manufacturer of the Springfield ruling machine. He died in 1933 at his home in Springfield, Massachusetts.", "Hamilton S. McRae's 1867 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — Hamilton S. McRae from Muncie, Indiana, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 72662 was issued on December 24, 1867. This desk has a convenient and easily operated book holder. The innovative book holder sits within the desktop with a lid on top. The lid could be lifted up to allow access to the book. There is a curved seat for support and comfort. The backrest is a flat front face with three vertical slats of wood. The back legs on the desk flare out. Hamilton S. McRae was born on January 2, 1833 in Indiana. He served as a teacher, principal, and superintendent of schools. An advocate of educational reform, McRae espoused free kindergarten and free public libraries.", "A Striking Likeness — Colored print. Schoolroom scene with four boys engaged in various activites: two drawing caricature of their teacher upon a blackboard, a third watching the fourth thumb his nose at the drawing. The school master is entering the room on the right, switch in hand and wearing small round glasses. Long table and map on wall in background.", "William Wooten's 1869 School Desk and Seat Patent Model of School Desk and Seat — William Wooton from Richmond, Indiana, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 87386 was issued on March 2, 1869. This patent was an improvement on Patent No. 83896. By improving the brace and the mechanism for locking, Wooton designed a way to fold the seat and desk together noiselessly. The desktop folds up completely to form an additional backrest. The mechanism for locking the desk is claimed in the patent by Wooton as well. The model is made of polished dark wood and has metal hinges. There is an indent for placing pencils, and underneath the desk there is storage. William Wooton was born in 1835. He joined George H. Grant & Company after John P. Allen died in 1868. In 1870, Wooton formed the Wooton Desk Company after he won a five-dollar prize for a school desk at the Indiana State Fair in 1868. His best known invention was patent 155604, the Wooton’s Patent Cabinet Office Secretary. In 1884, he retired and became a preacher. He was known for introducing a revolutionary type of furniture into the business world during the Industrial Revolution. Most museums have \"The Desk of the Age” in their collection. A 94-page book, published in 1983, by the Indiana State and Oakland Museums, is devoted solely to the history of the Wooton Desk Company and the evolution of the 19th century office. William Wooton died in 1907 at the age of 72. His last name is often spelled Wooten however the patent specifications clearly spell his last name Wooton as does the advertising for the company."], "persona": "education", "qid": "T2_education_607bfa4b2574", "question": {"media": "cf7dc35f14cbbe5b.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"cf7dc35f14cbbe5b.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Pennant for Wilberforce University — A university pennant olive green in color with a strip of gold felt trim at its base. There is gold lettering in calligraphic script down the center of the pennant. The text reads [Wilberforce].The back of the pennant has no lettering. There is a small tear at the bottom PL of the pennant. The second \"r\" is ripping slightly at its center and the pennant is deeply creased down the center of the first \"e.\" The pennant is slightly browned with dirt and age.", "Report describing the activities of the NCNW's Citizenship Education Project — A seven (7) page document consisting of typewritten black ink on mimeograph paper, located between pages 30 and 31 of the scrapbook compiled by Frances Albrier (2010.60.1). The report describes the purpose, objective, and activities of the Citizenship Education Project. The report was written by Charles L. Tuner, Executive Secretary.", "Untitled — A gelatin silver print of six young men riding on a horse-drawn wagon filled with ears of corn at the Manual Training and Industrial School for Colored Youth in Bordentown, New Jersey.", "Ticket for funeral services for Martin Luther King, Jr. owned by Nina Simone — An admission ticket to satellite funeral services for Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. at Morehouse College. The cream colored ticket is rectangular with black text reading [Admit / Services Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. / MOREHOUSE COLLEGE ONLY / April 9, 1968]. There are no text, marks, or inscriptions on the back of the ticket."], "persona": "education", "qid": "T2_education_71dcc35de00d", "question": {"media": "d21741a77be5f7fd.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"d21741a77be5f7fd.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Photograph of Regina Egertion Wright with Colored Training School diploma — A black and white photograph portrait of Regina Egertion Wright holding a rolled and tied diploma. She wears a light-colored dress. This photograph was originally framed with the diploma, 2011.156.15.1", "Report describing the activities of the NCNW's Citizenship Education Project — A seven (7) page document consisting of typewritten black ink on mimeograph paper, located between pages 30 and 31 of the scrapbook compiled by Frances Albrier (2010.60.1). The report describes the purpose, objective, and activities of the Citizenship Education Project. The report was written by Charles L. Tuner, Executive Secretary.", "Commencement announcement for Booker T. Washington High School — A commencement announcement from Booker T Washington High School in Tulsa, Oklahoma, class of 1932. The announcement is on off white paper with a blue leather tie on the left side. On the front is an art deco relief design of a skyscraper rising from a cloud with “Tulsa” and “1932” at the bottom center. Embossed in gold at center is a circular “BWHS” emblem surrounded by laurel leaves. Written in graphite at the top center of the back is [Dorothy Mae Madden].", "Program from Martin Luther King, Jr.'s funeral at the Ebenezer Baptist Church — A program (2012.39a) and case (2012.39b) for the funeral services for Martin Luther King, Jr. at Ebenezer Baptist Church and Morehouse College on April 9, 1968. The program has sixteen pages. The cover features a half-tone portrait of King."], "persona": "education", "qid": "T2_education_f228a273ad53", "question": {"media": "679cdd178f99f77d.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"679cdd178f99f77d.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Photograph of a Guilford County school bus and school children — A black and white photograph of a covered school bus with spoked wheels with [No. 2 / Guilford County Schools], stenciled on the side of the bus. A young girl wearing a white dress is climbing into the back of the bus and other children can be seen through the bus windows. There are two black ink marks on the verso. A stamp in black ink on the back, center, identifies the photographer. A handwritten note on the back in blue ink identifies the subject. A number has been handwritten on the back in black ink.", "Letter to Lucille Brown from Annie Malone Pope-Turnbo — This letter is from Mrs. Annie Malone Pope-Turnbo to Mrs. Elder Brown with hair care instructions. The letter, off white with black ink, is typed on \"Poro\" College letterhead. In the upper left and right corners are small rectangles of text. Upper left reads \"Scientific and Sanitary Treat-/ ment of the Scalp and Hair, / effecting a Healthy Scalp and/ thus promoting a growth of/Luxuriant Hair.\" The upper right reads “INSTRUCTIONS TAUGHT/ Manicuring and Electrical/ Scalp Treatment. / Prompt attention to all Orders.\" Between the two rectangles are the words \"Instructions Taught.\" Below these words is the letterhead that reads \"\"PORO\" COLLEGE/ MRS. A. M. POPE-TURNBO/ Proprietress/ 3100 PINE STREET/ ST. LOUIS, MO.\" The letter is hand signed at the bottom right corner.", "Scrapbook page about the Wiley College Debate Team — An original page from Henrietta Bell Wells scrapbook from her time on the Debate team at Wiley College. The original scrapbook page is a piece of paper with photographs adhered to one side and dried flowers on the other side. The photograph side has six photographs, each captioned in black ink handwriting, on the sides or below the image. There are four black-and-white rectangular portrait photographs and two cut sepia photographs. The other side has two dried flowers with captions in black ink handwriting. The page is heavily torn along all of the edges and corners of page.", "Untitled — A gelatin silver print of a man in a hat and overalls stoking a boiler with a long tool at the Manual Training and Industrial School for Colored Youth in Bordentown, New Jersey."], "persona": "education", "qid": "T2_education_5aa53723a190", "question": {"media": "7454ff05507ecf5d.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"7454ff05507ecf5d.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Photograph of the construction on Roger Williams University’s Phillips Hall — A black-and-white photograph of Roger Williams University’s Phillips Hall (Girls Dormitory) building from the back. The exterior of the building is most constructed and there are trees flanking the building. On the back of the photograph is a number written in pencil [268].", "Photograph of Chase County High School (Kansas) baseball team — A black and white team photograph of baseball players from Chase County High School in Kansas. There are three (3) rows of boys. The two (2) boys in the front row center are sitting cross-legged and the two (2) boys on the sides are lying on their sides, with their legs facing out. They have their outer arms resting on their legs and their inner arms are on the floor, propping them up. The front row contains the only African American player. He is second from the proper left side and is holding a baseball in his hands. The other sitting player to his right has a catcher's mask in front of him. There are two baseballs in the shape of an \"X\" on the ground in front of them. The middle row contains five (5) players kneeling on the ground. The player on the far proper right has his hands on his hips, the player in the middle has his hands in front of him, and the player on the far proper left has his arms on his side. The back row contains four (4) people standing. The boy second from the proper right side is also a player on the team. The other three (3) boys are wearing suits. They are wearing neck ties, except for the boy on the proper right side, who is wearing a bow tie. They are standing in front of a backdrop. The backdrop, which has an unidentifiable image on it, is placed in front of a paneled wall. The boy second from the proper left is Oliver Howard Horner. All of the players are wearing the same uniforms. The button down shirts have collars and have sleeves that end around the elbows. The shirts have letters across the chest. A \"C.\" on the proper right side, a \"C.\" in the center, and a \"H.S.\" on the proper left side. The boys are wearing quilted pants with belts and black and white striped baseball socks. Several of the players are also wearing their baseball gloves. Many of the players are wearing white long sleeve shirts under their uniform shirts. The photograph is dry mounted on a black board. The bottom proper right corner of the board is missing. There are several areas where the black part of the board has peeled off. The back of the board is grey. There are no markings on the back. In several areas on the sides and corners the grey has peel off a bit.", "Program from Martin Luther King, Jr.'s funeral at the Ebenezer Baptist Church — A program (2012.39a) and case (2012.39b) for the funeral services for Martin Luther King, Jr. at Ebenezer Baptist Church and Morehouse College on April 9, 1968. The program has sixteen pages. The cover features a half-tone portrait of King.", "Carte-de-visite of a Freedmen's School with students and teachers — A sepia tone carte-de-visite of a Freedmen’s School. Standing closing together in front of a large building composed of logs and wide planks, several children are photographed on a bright day, surrounded by mature skinny trees. This image captures just one of the many Freedman’s Schools established after the Civil War, tasked with educating, clothing, and housing former slaves. On the left of the photograph stands a woman wearing a large dark skirt and jacket. On the right of the photograph stands a man wearing hat, bright shirt, and dark trousers. On the reverse of the carte-de-visite are graphite inscriptions and the photographer’s stamp: [J. D. HEYWOODS / PHOTOGRAPH ROOMS / CRAVEN ST / Sd B??? South P. O / NEW BERNE, N. C.]."], "persona": "education", "qid": "T2_education_fb285b3813d8", "question": {"media": "a17ede17b4c296e2.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"a17ede17b4c296e2.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Photographic postcard to Dr. Arthur Melvin Townsend from Emma Azalia Hackley — A black-and-white photographic postcard of the Normal Vocal Institute in Chicago, IL. The photograph captures the building where the institution was housed, with an entrance up the stairs on the left and right side. There is a tree in front of the entrance on the left. Printed at the top of the photograph [NORMAL VOCAL INSTITUTE / 3019 CALUMET AV. CHICAGO]. The back of the postcard is used with [POST CARD] printed in black at the top with two sections horizontally divided, with [CORRESPONDANCE HERE] on the left and [ADDRESS HERE] on the right. Along the left edge is information on the photography studio. The handwritten message was written by Emma Azalia Hackley to Dr. Arthur Melvin Townsend about the school and seeing Mrs. Willa Ann Hadley.", "Button from The Frederick Douglass Memorial Hospital and Training School — A button from The Frederick Douglass Memorial Hospital and Training School fundraising events held from April 22-27, 1909. The button is oval shaped and is comprised of yellow toned, laminate covered paper on metal. The front of the button is dominated by a large, black and white illustration of the hospital; a four story brick building with eleven (11) sets of double windows. The building is depicted from the corner and one side of the building is also visible, next to grassy area with trees and plants. In the foreground is the street with people milling on the sidewalk. Printed below is black text in varying fonts and sizes that reads, [FREDERICK DOUGLASS, MEMORIAL / HOSPITAL / AND / TRAINING SCHOOL / 1895 ? 1909 / PHILA. PENNA.]. There are flourishes on either side of the word [HOSPITAL]. At the top of the button are two small photographic bust portraits of Frederick Douglass on the left and Dr. Nathan Francis Mossell on the right. The images are framed on either side with laurel wreaths. Below the portraits of both men are illustrated banners with their names, [FREDERICK DOUGLASS] and [DR. NF MOSSELL - FOUNDER], printed in black text. The back of the button is plain with a metal oval shaped disk with four (4) pointed mounting tabs at each corner.", "Untitled — A gelatin silver print of a student working a printing press at the Manual Training and Industrial School for Colored Youth in Bordentown, New Jersey.", "Document describing the organization of the Citizenship Education Project — A single page document consisting of typewritten black ink on white paper, adhered to the third page of the scrapbook compiled by Frances Albrier (2010.60.1). The document describes the actions undertaken to register voters and the results of the campaign in number of voters registered."], "persona": "education", "qid": "T2_education_cb7cfe015043", "question": {"media": "b235e2b5b70fb8c5.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"b235e2b5b70fb8c5.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Photographic postcard to Dr. Arthur Melvin Townsend from Emma Azalia Hackley — A black-and-white photographic postcard of the Normal Vocal Institute in Chicago, IL. The photograph captures the building where the institution was housed, with an entrance up the stairs on the left and right side. There is a tree in front of the entrance on the left. Printed at the top of the photograph [NORMAL VOCAL INSTITUTE / 3019 CALUMET AV. CHICAGO]. The back of the postcard is used with [POST CARD] printed in black at the top with two sections horizontally divided, with [CORRESPONDANCE HERE] on the left and [ADDRESS HERE] on the right. Along the left edge is information on the photography studio. The handwritten message was written by Emma Azalia Hackley to Dr. Arthur Melvin Townsend about the school and seeing Mrs. Willa Ann Hadley.", "Pennant for Wilberforce University football — A university pennant forest green in color with a yellow strip of felt at its base. There is yellow stylized text down the center of the pennant which reads [Wilberforce]; to the left of the text is the stylized image of two football players running over sparse clumps of grass. Attached to the base of the pennant of are two pairs of green felt ties. There is a strong vertical crease on the pennant between the \"I\" and the \"L\" in the line of text.", "First Lessons in Spoken French for Men in Military Service — First Lessons In Spoken French For Men in Military Service is a blue cloth wrapped book. The title and authors are in black print on top of the front cover, [FIRST LESSONS IN SPOKEN FRENCH / FOR MEN IN MILITARY SERVICE / Wilkins, Coleman, and Huse]. At the center is the Coat of Arms of the University of Chicago that is comprised of an open book and a phoenix over a flame. At the bottom is name of the publisher, [THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS]. The back cover is blank. The inner cover has a handwritten inscription in graphite that reads, [Capt. C. N. Caldwell / 1st Miss Leif / Personal. [underlined]] The work begins with a preface that states, [The purpose of this book is to help men in American military service (1) to understand what may be said to them in French; (2) to make themselves understood in French; (3) to understand printed French.] The work is 124 pages.", "Sharp's Language Drills and Test: Fifth Grade — A paperbound fifth grade workbook. Cover has a thin, stylized border with foliage about one half inch from the edges. Within the border is the workbook title and student information. Pre-printed text reads: [SHARP'S / LANGUAGE DRILLS / and TESTS / FIFTH GRADE]. The student information is found within a small rectangle just below center. Pre-printed fields are titled: [Name / School / Grade / Term / Date]. Handwritten in the blanks for the student information is text written in pencil by the student Emery Crawford: [Emery Crawford / Covert Conssoldated (sic) / Five / 1929, 1930 / Nov 27, 1929]. The publishing company is along the bottom within the border: [WEBSTER PUBLISHING COMPANY / ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI]. Below the border in the lower left corner is the copyright: [COPYRIGHT 1926 BY WEBSTER PUB. CO.] The workbook is filled in with completed exercises."], "persona": "education", "qid": "T2_education_64eace1edb2c", "question": {"media": "8a64e733525a89cb.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"8a64e733525a89cb.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Photographic postcard to Dr. Arthur Melvin Townsend from Emma Azalia Hackley — A black-and-white photographic postcard of the Normal Vocal Institute in Chicago, IL. The photograph captures the building where the institution was housed, with an entrance up the stairs on the left and right side. There is a tree in front of the entrance on the left. Printed at the top of the photograph [NORMAL VOCAL INSTITUTE / 3019 CALUMET AV. CHICAGO]. The back of the postcard is used with [POST CARD] printed in black at the top with two sections horizontally divided, with [CORRESPONDANCE HERE] on the left and [ADDRESS HERE] on the right. Along the left edge is information on the photography studio. The handwritten message was written by Emma Azalia Hackley to Dr. Arthur Melvin Townsend about the school and seeing Mrs. Willa Ann Hadley.", "Sharp's Language Drills and Test: Fifth Grade — A paperbound fifth grade workbook. Cover has a thin, stylized border with foliage about one half inch from the edges. Within the border is the workbook title and student information. Pre-printed text reads: [SHARP'S / LANGUAGE DRILLS / and TESTS / FIFTH GRADE]. The student information is found within a small rectangle just below center. Pre-printed fields are titled: [Name / School / Grade / Term / Date]. Handwritten in the blanks for the student information is text written in pencil by the student Emery Crawford: [Emery Crawford / Covert Conssoldated (sic) / Five / 1929, 1930 / Nov 27, 1929]. The publishing company is along the bottom within the border: [WEBSTER PUBLISHING COMPANY / ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI]. Below the border in the lower left corner is the copyright: [COPYRIGHT 1926 BY WEBSTER PUB. CO.] The workbook is filled in with completed exercises.", "Commencement program for Booker T. Washington High School — A program, black ink on discolored paper, for the commencement of the Booker T. Washington High School class of 1922. The cover of the program has the title, name of the school, location, and year. The interior lists the schedule and commencement exercises. The back of the program lists individuals who participated in the exercises including, William D. Williams to report class statistics.", "Carte-de-visite of a Freedmen's School with students and teachers — A sepia tone carte-de-visite of a Freedmen’s School. Standing closing together in front of a large building composed of logs and wide planks, several children are photographed on a bright day, surrounded by mature skinny trees. This image captures just one of the many Freedman’s Schools established after the Civil War, tasked with educating, clothing, and housing former slaves. On the left of the photograph stands a woman wearing a large dark skirt and jacket. On the right of the photograph stands a man wearing hat, bright shirt, and dark trousers. On the reverse of the carte-de-visite are graphite inscriptions and the photographer’s stamp: [J. D. HEYWOODS / PHOTOGRAPH ROOMS / CRAVEN ST / Sd B??? South P. O / NEW BERNE, N. C.]."], "persona": "education", "qid": "T2_education_0dfd00f70821", "question": {"media": "d2f3e0c5d548523b.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"d2f3e0c5d548523b.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Pillow sham with Tuskegee Flying School poem — A square-shaped silk pillow sham used by the Tuskegee Flying School. The sham has an applique of American Eagle in red above a poem in blue edged with decorative tasseled edges. The poem beneath the eagle reads: [To my wife, a lovely darling little wife/ has made my dreams come true/ She's lightened all the cares of life/ her name my sweet is YOU. My memories are quite complete-You share in all I do/ My heart's a sanctum that I keep/ Reserved for thoughts of you].", "Flyer promoting the Citizenship Education Project — This flyer promotes the voter registration goals of the NCNW's Citizenship Education Project. The slogan at the top of the flier reads, \"A Voteless People Is a Hopeless People.\" The flier is adhered to the top half of page 47 in Frances Albrier's scrapbook (2010.60.1).", "Photograph of the President's Mansion of Roger Williams University — A black-and-white photograph of the construction of the President's Mansion of Roger Williams University. The brick building’s exterior is mostly constructed. There are trees on the left. On the back of the photograph is a number written in pencil [268].", "Program from The Frederick Douglass Memorial Hospital and Training School — A program from The Frederick Douglass Memorial Hospital and Training School fundraising events held from April 22-27, 1909. The program is printed on white paper and held together with a staple in the spine. The front cover is missing. The back cover of the program is plain, off-white, textured paper. The interior pages are glossy white with black text and black and white photographs. The front page of the program is dominated by a large, black and white illustration of the hospital; a four story brick building with eleven (11) sets of double windows. The building is depicted from the corner and one side of the building is also visible, next to grassy area with trees and plants. In the foreground is the street with people milling on the sidewalk. Black text printed in Old English text font reads [Dedication / April 22nd to April 27th, 1909] at the top and [Frederick Douglass / Memorial hospital and Training / School / Lombard and Sixteenth Streets] printed at the bottom with visitor information printed below in a different font. The booklet includes the program of speakers and activities for April 22nd through April 27th. The program has sixteen (16) pages."], "persona": "education", "qid": "T2_education_8711901a31e1", "question": {"media": "adb836fe1b117501.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"adb836fe1b117501.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Placard calling for indictment of police officers used at Baltimore Protests — This placard demands indictment for the 6 police officers involved in the death of Freddie Gray and jobs and education for youth. The placard consists of two yellow peices of paper stapled to a white poster board. The text is typed in black letters that read [INDICT / CONVICT / JAIL! / the 6 police / People's Power Assembly / 443-221-3775]. There is a large tear to the right of the word \"police.\" The other side of the placard reads [Jobs & Education / NOT / YOUTH / JAILS! / People's Power Assembly / 443- 221-3775]. The four corners of the placard are held together with clear tape and the wooden handle is partially covered with masking tape.", "The Messenger and Educator Vol. 3 No. 6 — Monthly publication by Kitrell College which includes an obituary for \"Mrs. Sarah J. Kennedy, the last known surviving grand child of Bishop Richard Allen, the founder and the first bishop of the African M. E. Church.\" The publication has black ink on discolored paper and consists of a single sheet folded in half. Subsequent fold down the center has begun to tear the brittle paper.", "Flier announcing the NAACP National Youth Legislative Conference — A printed flier in various fonts announcing the NAACP National Youth Legislative Conference at American University in Washington, DC from February 3rd to 6th, 1955 sponsored by the NAACP. Participants will meet to discuss issues surrounding the challenges of integration and what the role of youth is and how they can approach Congress about their concerns. The flier is printed in black ink on white paper. In a decorative font at the top is [can youth meet.... / THE CHALLENGE OF INTEGRATION?]. At center is a picture of the U.S. Capitol building with [NAACP NATIONAL YOUTH / Legislative Conference] around it. Speakers include President Eisenhower, Adlai Stevenson, and Thurgood Marshall. Towards the bottom of the page is a rectangular section announcing conference attendees can attend a dance to meet Dorothy Dandridge, Pearl Primus and Harry Belefonte. There are no marks or inscriptions on the back.", "Photograph of the Knoxville College glee club — A cabinet card photograph depicting a sepia toned image of the Knoxville College glee club. N the photograph four men are standing behind four seated women. The men are wearing dark colored suits and ties. The women are wearing dark colored dresses with puffed sleeves. Printed vertically in silver ink on the right side of the card is “McCrary & Bronson” and “Knoxville.” The identities of the glee club members are printed on the back of the photograph. They are Anna B. Floyd, Anna G. Kennedy, Mary B. McCravey, Fannie L. Carey, H. M. Green, J. H. Johnson, Jas. W. Fisher and Cato H. Wilson. The back of the photograph is inscribed."], "persona": "education", "qid": "T2_education_21ea25120356", "question": {"media": "fac5a71a6fde13e8.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"fac5a71a6fde13e8.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Portrait of a woman in graduation attire — Black and white portrait of a woman in graduation attire. The woman is standing with the left side of her body facing the camera and is wearing a graduation cap and gown. Her high neck lace blouse is visible above the collar. The words [SCURLOCK / WASH D.] are written in the bottom right corner. There are no inscriptions on the back.", "Teaching report for County Supervisor of Rowan, NC filled out by Julia Cowan — A report for the County Supervisor of Rowan County, North Carolina completed by Julia D. Cowan, schoolteacher. The report has black print and handwriting on yellowed paper.", "Carte-de-visite of P. T. Miller — A fading deep purple-reddish brown carte-de-visite of P. T. Miller by C. Eppert in Terre Haute, Indiana. The bust-length portrait captures Miller slightly posed to the right. He is wearing a suit jacket and two pins, one on his collar and the second on the flap of his jacket. The photograph is on a rectangular mat frame and backing. On the front bottom margin of the photograph appears an illegible inscription. On the back is the sitter’s name handwritten in pencil at the top [P. T. Miller], photographer's botanical-themed logo [C. EPPERT, Photographer, Terre Haute, Ind.]. There are two other inscriptions handwritten in pencil, the first above the logo banner [Gas-illegible] and the second is arithmetic done upside-down.", "Graduation program for the Homer G. Phillips Hospital School of Nursing — A graduation program for the Homer G. Phillips Hospital School of Nursing. The event was held on Friday, September 5, 1947 at Stowe Teachers College in Saint Louis, Missouri. The program is a single sheet of paper that was previously folded in half on a vertical crease. The program is made of white paper with black text. The front page reads: [HOMER G. PHILLIPS HOSPITAL / School of Nursing / GRADUATION EXERCISES / Friday, September 5, 1947 / 8 P. M. / STOWE TEACHERS COLLEGE / 2615 NORTH PENDLETON AVENUE / SAINT LOUIS, MISSOURI]. There is a stylized line forming a border across the top and bottom of the page. A graphic of a knot is located above and below the date and time. There is a printing logo centered at the bottom next to the number [162]. The program is listed on the left inside page. The seventeen (17) graduating students are listed on the right page. Ushers are listed on the back page."], "persona": "education", "qid": "T2_education_1d29bf0b3cd9", "question": {"media": "7e35f83a57e1c4f1.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"7e35f83a57e1c4f1.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Renowned History of Little Goody Twoshoes — The History of Little Goody Twoshoes was published by Isaiah Thomas of Worcester, Massachusetts in 1787. The author of Goody Twoshoes is unknown. It was first published in London by John Newbery. The story of Good Twoshoes described the tale of the orphan, Margery Meanwell, who went through life poor and ragged, with only a single shoe. The evil Lord Gripe evicts her family from his land causing the death of her parents and forcing her brother to go to sea for his livelihood. After this eviction, the Parson’s wife gives her a pair of shoes. Margery goes on to repay the evil of Lord Gripe with goodness, showing the quality of her virtue. She goes on to be a teacher and marries a squire. On her wedding day her brother returns exceptionally wealthy, gives her a large sum, and she is able to live happily ever after. The Copp Collection contains about 150 books of early American imprint and shows a wide range of reading matter typical of a New England Puritan family living in a port town. Literacy was expected of many New Englanders, as Puritan doctrine required everyone to read the Bible. The abundance of multiple Bibles, psalms, hymnodies, sermons, and morality tales reflects the Copp’s religious beliefs. Other highlights of the library include the works of Shakespeare, almanacs, historical and political texts, and travel narratives. The Copp Collection contains a variety of household objects that the Copp family of Connecticut used from around 1700 until the mid-1800s. Part of the Puritan Great Migration from England to Boston, the family eventually made their home in New London County, Connecticut, where their textiles, clothes, utensils, ceramics, books, bibles, and letters provide a vivid picture of daily life. More of the collection from the Division of Home and Community Life can be viewed by searching accession number 28810.", "Ulysses S. Grant's U.S. Military Academy Cadet Coatee — This was Ulysses S. Grant's U.S. Military Academy cadet coatee, worn circa 1839. Grant was a member of the class of 1843. Gray wool coatee with a standing collar, an unlined body, and cream colored cotton lining in the sleeves. There are three rows of seven round brass ball-style buttons down the front chest, three buttons on each sleeve, one on each side of the collar, and one on each shoulder. There is a brass ball-style button at the top of each coat tail at the mid-back of the waist, two in the mid-section of the coat tail, and there was originally one button on the bottom of each coat tail. The bottom left coat tail button is currently missing. Each coat tail also has a row of three black embroidered chevrons, point down, with a ball-style button on the end of each point.", "Thomas Redmayne's 1875 School Desk Patent Model fragment — Thomas Redmayne from Sheffield, York, England, received a British patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 169478 was issued on November 2, 1875. This is a partial model, consisting of a dark wooden rectangular plank with metal screws and two brackets that are connected by three screws, and there is a metal circular piece on each end. The desk was made of dark wood and designed to be adjustable. A wheel mechanism was used for adjusting and altering the angle of the desktop. Lying flat, it formed a table; reclined, it formed a desk, and placed in a vertical position, it served as a seat back. We are not aware of any additional information about the inventor/patentee.", "Theos Weaver's 1864 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — Theos. Weaver from Harrisburg, New Hampshire, received a U.S. patent for an improved school table and seat model. Patent no. 45286 was issued on November 29, 1864. This table is a combination of metal and wood, which is mostly polished. The bottom seat folds up. The backrest has a folding desk attached to the back of the seat. There are gold hinges on the seat along with two metal pieces that flare from two baseboards. The wooden pole connects both bases horizontally, replacing leg support. There is a spring between the hinges on the seat. The desk incorporates a footrest and book holder. We are not aware of any additional information about the inventor/patentee."], "persona": "education", "qid": "T2_education_d26f74fc3f10", "question": {"media": "a46a5163399ab61d.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"a46a5163399ab61d.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Sign from Hope School — A sign reading \"HOPE SCHOOL\" in relief and composed from rectangular profile pieces of wood that are nailed to a wood board with a square attached frame. All pieces are nailed together, although there might also be glue. The sign is painted white and the letters appear to have been painted black over the white.", "Pinback button reading \"Students for Mary Ellen\" — Pinback button from the Georgetown student referendum on semesterly fee to benefit descendants of the 272 enslaved people sold by Georgetown University in 1838. The button is round with gold letters reading [STUDENTS FOR / MARY ELLEN] and white letters reading [#STUDENTSFORTHE272] against a navy background.", "Document stating the purpose and objectives of the Citizenship Education Project — A single page document consisting of typewritten black ink on white paper, adhered to the second page of the scrapbook compiled by Frances Albrier (2010.60.1). At the top of the page is the Citizen Education Project's letterhead showing the sponsors, president, and headquarters of the project. A piece of tape on each corner attaches the document to the scrapbook page. The document outlines the purpose, objectives, and organizational structure of the Citizenship Education Project.", "Untitled — A gelatin silver print of a man feeding white chickens from a bucket in a field next to a corn shock at the Manual Training and Industrial School for Colored Youth in Bordentown, New Jersey."], "persona": "education", "qid": "T2_education_bf3b0b103916", "question": {"media": "ee2ed8f7ae0bd65d.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"ee2ed8f7ae0bd65d.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Teaching report for County Supervisor of Rowan, NC filled out by Julia Cowan — A report for the County Supervisor of Rowan County, North Carolina completed by Julia D. Cowan, schoolteacher. The report has black print and handwriting on yellowed paper.", "Untitled — A gelatin silver print of male and female students standing and reading in a library at the Manual Training and Industrial School for Colored Youth in Bordentown, New Jersey.", "Negative of the President's Mansion of Roger Williams University — A negative of the construction of the President's Mansion of Roger Williams University. The brick building’s exterior is mostly constructed. There are trees on the left. On the back of the photograph is a number written in pencil [268].", "Outfit worn by Carlotta Walls to Little Rock Central High School — This outfit was worn by Carlotta Walls LaNier during the \"Little Rock Crisis\" of 1957 at Little Rock Central High School. The outfit consists of a skirt and blouse in a matching alphabetical print of blue, teal, and white on a black background. The blouse fastens with small black buttons, has a pointed collar and short sleeves that tie into bows at the cuffs. The skirt is full and has several pleats at the waist."], "persona": "education", "qid": "T2_education_30e5dfb46923", "question": {"media": "f0b66e6ead9ebb8b.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"f0b66e6ead9ebb8b.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The Bakke Case and Education — A pamphlet about the Bakke court case. The pamphlet consists of black print on bright yellow paper. On the front, at center, there is an image of protesters carrying signs lamenting the Supreme Court's decision in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke. The interior contains information about the case. The back cover also has a section to sign up to become involved with the National Committee to Overturn the Bakke Decision.", "Enrollment Certificate to Poro College for Lucille Brown — This is a certificate of enrollment for Lucille Brown as an agent for Poro products. Also included on the certificate are instructions for treating hair in order to be straightened, instructions for selling Poro products, prices for products and selling suggestions. In the upper left and right corners are black and white images of women shown in profile with long, straight hair. Under the left image are the words \"4 years ago my hair was only a/ finger length, and my temples/ were bald half way up my head.\" Above the image are the words \"Mrs. A.M. Pope-Turnbo.\" Under the right image are the words \"4 years ago my hair just covered/ my shoulders.\" Above the image are the words \"Mrs. L.L. Roberts.\" Between the images are the words \"\"PORO\"/ Hair Growers/ We Grew Our Hair, Now Let/ Us Grow Yours With/ \"PORO\"/ MRS. A. M. POPE-TURNBO/ 3100 PINE STREET/ St. Louis, Mo. March 19 1915/ Mrs. Lucille Brown/ Wier and McCool, Miss.\" The bottom quarter of the page is a price list of Poro products. At the bottom left corner, handwritten in ink, are the words \"Poro Special Hair Grower 40¢ / Poro Letter C[illegible] 75¢.\"", "Trophy awarded to the Texas Southern University Debate Team — The debate trophy has a dark brown plastic base with metal shapes featured as decoration. The top of the trophy features a female statuette with wings holding a wreath above her head with both hands. The base has five staggered levels in varying shapes which taper off to form the podium where the metal figurine stands. There is a metal plaque on the level below the statuette which reads, [BAYLOR FORENSIC/JR WOMEN/ORATORY/'67]. In front of the plaque is a small metal eagle figure. A level below and to the right and left of the eagle are metal stars. The trophy base is hollow, with a manufacturer's mark on the hollow inside. The manufacturer's mark reads, [A. C. REHBERGER CO./TROPHIES/REH/CRAFT/AWARDS/CHICAGO 14, ILL.].", "Diploma from The Lelia College — This diploma from The Lelia College reads \"The Lelia College\" in large black ornate letters in a curve across the top. Beneath it reads \"Indianapolis, Indiana/ For teaching Mme. C.J. Walker's Method of Growing Hair.\" For full text please see Notes Text Entries Transcription. The diploma is decorated with scrolling swirls around the college name and a stylized border around the edge. The paper is yellowed and creased and torn along some of the creases. The diploma is surrounded by a white matting and dark brown wooden frame with a glassed front. On the back of the frame is a white sticker with red and black text. It reads \"Enterprising Women: / 250 Years of American Business / National Heritage Museum / BU 3.4-WF Wall Frame No. 3.5.22 / Walker, Madam C. J. (1867-1919) / Lelia College Diploma / A'Lelia Bundles/Walker Family Collection / All venues.\""], "persona": "education", "qid": "T2_education_9118bf13e76c", "question": {"media": "f26a332a06ec356c.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"f26a332a06ec356c.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The Institutes of English Grammar — A book bound in light colored leather. The book has plain covers with a minimally decorated spine. The spine has four (4) lines of gold embossing. Between the two top lines on the spine is a dark rectangle with gold lettering featuring the title: [BROWN'S / GRAMMAR / IMPROVED]. Inside front cover page has extended title, author information, and the publisher listed. [BROWN'S GRAMMAR IMPROVED. / THE / INSTITUTES / OF / ENGLISH GRAMMAR / METHODICALLY ARRANGED; / WITH / FORMS OF PARSING AND CORRECTING, EXAMPLES FOR PASSING, / QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINIATION, / FALSE SYNTAX FOR COR- / RECTION, EXERCISES FOR WRITING, OBSERVATIONS / FOR THE ADVANCED STUDENT, / METHODS OF ANALYSIS, / AND / A KEY TO THE ORAL EXERCISES: / TO WHICH ARE ADDED FOUR APPENDIXES. / DESIGNED FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS, ACADEMIES, AND PRIVATE LEARNERS. / BY GOOLD BROWN, / PRINCIPAL OF AN ENGLISH AND CLASSICAL ACADEMY, NEW YORK. / \"Ne quis igitur tangquam parva fastidiat Grammatices elementa.\" -QUINTILIAN. / A NEW EDITION, / WITH EXERCIES IN ANALYSIS AND PARCING, / BY HENRY KIDDLE, A. M., / ASSISTANT SUPERINTENDENT OF COMMON SCHOOLS, NEW YORK CITY. / NEW YORK: / WILLIAM WOOD & CO., 61 WALKER STREET. / 1867].", "Diploma from The Lelia College — This diploma from The Lelia College reads \"The Lelia College\" in large black ornate letters in a curve across the top. Beneath it reads \"Indianapolis, Indiana/ For teaching Mme. C.J. Walker's Method of Growing Hair.\" For full text please see Notes Text Entries Transcription. The diploma is decorated with scrolling swirls around the college name and a stylized border around the edge. The paper is yellowed and creased and torn along some of the creases. The diploma is surrounded by a white matting and dark brown wooden frame with a glassed front. On the back of the frame is a white sticker with red and black text. It reads \"Enterprising Women: / 250 Years of American Business / National Heritage Museum / BU 3.4-WF Wall Frame No. 3.5.22 / Walker, Madam C. J. (1867-1919) / Lelia College Diploma / A'Lelia Bundles/Walker Family Collection / All venues.\"", "Negro Makers of History — This hardback history book by Carter G. Woodson, totals 362 pages and contains the following inscription on the interior: [To Samuel C. Jackson with the best wishes of C.G. Woodson, Dec. 25, 1928]. According to the Preface this book was intended to be an adaptation of Woodson's \"The Negro in Our History\" for elementary school children.", "Honorary Degree from Wilberforce University awarded to James A. Parsons Jr. — An honorary doctorate degree from Wilberforce University awarded to James Albert Parsons on June 12, 1941. Printed in black ink on off-white paper, the certificate confers the \"honorary degree of Doctor of Science\". It has the seal of Wilberforce University printed in black in the front, lower left corner. It was signed at lower right by Wilberforce University’s President D. Ormande Walker, President of the Board of Trustees Reverdy C. Ransom, and Secretary of the Board of Trustees George H. Valentine. There is an inscription in pencil on the back of the diploma [1/2 BIK / 22507]."], "persona": "education", "qid": "T2_education_158779e9f3aa", "question": {"media": "77e5c2e525764e1e.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"77e5c2e525764e1e.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Ulysses S. Grant's U.S. Military Academy Cadet Coatee — This was Ulysses S. Grant's U.S. Military Academy cadet coatee, worn circa 1839. Grant was a member of the class of 1843. Gray wool coatee with a standing collar, an unlined body, and cream colored cotton lining in the sleeves. There are three rows of seven round brass ball-style buttons down the front chest, three buttons on each sleeve, one on each side of the collar, and one on each shoulder. There is a brass ball-style button at the top of each coat tail at the mid-back of the waist, two in the mid-section of the coat tail, and there was originally one button on the bottom of each coat tail. The bottom left coat tail button is currently missing. Each coat tail also has a row of three black embroidered chevrons, point down, with a ball-style button on the end of each point.", "William P. Uhlinger's 1868 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — William P. Uhlinger from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 3297 was issued on December 22, 1868. This desk is attached to the back of the seat, and the desktop does not lift up. There is ironwork on the side of the desk, as well as a shelf underneath the desk for storage. There is also a place for an inkwell. The backrest and seat are flat and have no curves. The metal work is green with metal hinges. William P. Uhlinger joined with George W. Harris to form W. P. Uhlinger in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The company manufactured and sold school furniture and desks.", "Renowned History of Little Goody Twoshoes — The History of Little Goody Twoshoes was published by Isaiah Thomas of Worcester, Massachusetts in 1787. The author of Goody Twoshoes is unknown. It was first published in London by John Newbery. The story of Good Twoshoes described the tale of the orphan, Margery Meanwell, who went through life poor and ragged, with only a single shoe. The evil Lord Gripe evicts her family from his land causing the death of her parents and forcing her brother to go to sea for his livelihood. After this eviction, the Parson’s wife gives her a pair of shoes. Margery goes on to repay the evil of Lord Gripe with goodness, showing the quality of her virtue. She goes on to be a teacher and marries a squire. On her wedding day her brother returns exceptionally wealthy, gives her a large sum, and she is able to live happily ever after. The Copp Collection contains about 150 books of early American imprint and shows a wide range of reading matter typical of a New England Puritan family living in a port town. Literacy was expected of many New Englanders, as Puritan doctrine required everyone to read the Bible. The abundance of multiple Bibles, psalms, hymnodies, sermons, and morality tales reflects the Copp’s religious beliefs. Other highlights of the library include the works of Shakespeare, almanacs, historical and political texts, and travel narratives. The Copp Collection contains a variety of household objects that the Copp family of Connecticut used from around 1700 until the mid-1800s. Part of the Puritan Great Migration from England to Boston, the family eventually made their home in New London County, Connecticut, where their textiles, clothes, utensils, ceramics, books, bibles, and letters provide a vivid picture of daily life. More of the collection from the Division of Home and Community Life can be viewed by searching accession number 28810.", "Joe V. Meigs' 1874 Desk and Seat Patent Model — Joe V. Meigs from Lowell, Massachusetts, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 151898 was issued on June 9, 1874. This model is made of wood and cast iron. The desks are attached at the back and the seats face one another. They are mounted on a wooden platform. The patent stressed comfort and claimed the desk would, “avoid fatigue and distortion of the body.” His model is rather decorative with a diamond design, made up of metal bars that cross each other. The tops are made out of wood or iron but if iron is used he encouraged the metal to be japanned, enameled, or marbleized, adding further decoration. The desk is designed to be very practical, and the whole desk comes apart to be easily transported. There are two black seats curved and connected by cast iron. The two seats are facing one another and placed on a wooden base. Joseph Vincent Meigs was born June 17, 1840, into a prominent family from Nashville, Tennessee. His father was attorney, Whig state senator, and publisher, Return Jonathan Meigs. Joe V. Meigs created his first invention, a railroad coupling, at the age of fourteen. He became a patent lawyer, but his mechanical skills also allowed him to become a prolific inventor. He was granted twenty- two patents for various inventions including the school desk, a reclining chair, and automatic fishing pole. His family supported the Union during the Civil War, and in 1864 he took command as captain of Battery A of the 2nd Black Light Artillery Battalion U.S. Colored Troops. After inventing a breech-loading firearm, he was hired by the U.S. Cartridge Company, where he served as chief inventor. His most ambitious invention was a steam driven elevated monorail called the Meigs Elevated Railway, designed to improve rapid transit. A quarter mile of track was constructed in Cambridge, Massachusetts 1885-1886 to promote his design but construction delays, politics, and his distrust of the use of electricity for new designs impeded his success. He died November 14,1907 in Boston, Massachusetts.."], "persona": "education", "qid": "T2_education_2b5b3aaf16a1", "question": {"media": "1a2572227ee06881.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"1a2572227ee06881.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Untitled — A black-and-white print of vocational students learning how to cook and bake at the Manual Training and Industrial School for Colored Youth in Bordentown, New Jersey. A prayer is partially visible on the dining room chalkboard to the right of the frame.", "Brick from Virginia-Cleveland Hall at Hampton University — A brick from Virginia-Cleveland Hall at Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute. The brick is rectangular in shape and is tan in color with darker grey areas throughout. The brick is cracked in several places and is pitted.", "Tintype portrait of Miss Allen — Tintype of Miss Allen shown in bust portrait. She is turned one quarter to her left, but is looking at the camera. Her cheeks are tinted pink. Her hair is parted at the center and gathered in a chignon at the nape of her neck. She wears a light colored blouse with a dark oval brooch pinned at her front neck. A long, dark, single strand beaded necklace is around her neck. The tintype is placed in its original \"Potters Patent\" die-cut paper frame, with an oval cut out to display the image. Around the cut out is a heavily ornate embossed frame. Handwritten in graphite on the mount below the tintype is the text \"Miss Allen Freedmen / teacher / 1865\" The tintype is housed in the album 2017.30. The album page has a triple-lined, gold border framing the print.", "Picture postcard of the Roger Williams University President's Mansion — An unsent picture postcard of the Roger Williams University President's Mansion in Nashville, Tennessee. The postcard is in color and captures the red brick, two-story mansion with red roofing. The front entrance has steps to walk up to the door and there are two balconies on the back, one on each story. In the far background, on the right, is a water feature. The mansion has a few saplings around it. There are stains on the front and back. On the front of the postcard, at the bottom, is black text. On the lower left corner is [LAY BROS, PHOTO] and in the center [PRESIDENT’S MANSION / Roger Williams University, Nashville, Tenn.]. The back of the postcards are unused with [PRIVATE POST CARD] printed in black at the top and black spaces under [CORRESPONDENCE] on the left and [ADDRESS] on the right. In the upper right corner is a [STAMP / HERE] stamp."], "persona": "education", "qid": "T2_education_46b8cbddd782", "question": {"media": "290f4a45c4039de1.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"290f4a45c4039de1.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Untitled — A gelatin silver print of a man in a hat and overalls stoking a boiler with a long tool at the Manual Training and Industrial School for Colored Youth in Bordentown, New Jersey.", "Photographic postcard to Dr. Arthur Melvin Townsend from Emma Azalia Hackley — A black-and-white photographic postcard of the Normal Vocal Institute in Chicago, IL. The photograph captures the building where the institution was housed, with an entrance up the stairs on the left and right side. There is a tree in front of the entrance on the left. Printed at the top of the photograph [NORMAL VOCAL INSTITUTE / 3019 CALUMET AV. CHICAGO]. The back of the postcard is used with [POST CARD] printed in black at the top with two sections horizontally divided, with [CORRESPONDANCE HERE] on the left and [ADDRESS HERE] on the right. Along the left edge is information on the photography studio. The handwritten message was written by Emma Azalia Hackley to Dr. Arthur Melvin Townsend about the school and seeing Mrs. Willa Ann Hadley.", "A stereograph of Howard University in the late 19th century — A stereograph produced by C. W. Woodward, date unknown, of an outdoor scene titled: \"1482. Howard University, Washington City, D.C.\" below the image. The stereograph is rectangular in shape with two identical albumen photographs that are square-shaped attached to a piece of cardboard. Both images feature a stately University building in the background with a large group of African American men and women in the foreground standing or lounging on the lawn. The left edge of the stereograph contains the following textual information inside a decorative banner: \"C.W. Woodward, Rochester, N.Y.\" while the right side contains the following: \"Washington City, D.C.\" inside a decorative banner.", "Photograph of a Guilford County school bus and school children — A black and white photograph of a covered school bus with spoked wheels with [No. 2 / Guilford County Schools], stenciled on the side of the bus. A young girl wearing a white dress is climbing into the back of the bus and other children can be seen through the bus windows. There are two black ink marks on the verso. A stamp in black ink on the back, center, identifies the photographer. A handwritten note on the back in blue ink identifies the subject. A number has been handwritten on the back in black ink."], "persona": "education", "qid": "T2_education_594b56dcd90f", "question": {"media": "a350814229b7ebc3.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"a350814229b7ebc3.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Untitled — A gelatin silver print of a man with white hair, wearing a tie, and attending to horses at the Manual Training and Industrial School for Colored Youth in Bordentown, New Jersey.", "Teaching report for County Supervisor of Rowan, NC filled out by Julia Cowan — A report for the County Supervisor of Rowan County, North Carolina completed by Julia D. Cowan, schoolteacher. The report has black print and handwriting on yellowed paper.", "Robe worn by Mélisande Short-Colomb at Georgetown University convocation — Black academic robe worn by Mélisande Short-Colomb during the 2017 new student convocation at Georgetown University. The robe has a zipper down the front and a tag identifying it as made by Jostens' as part of The Elements Collection. It is size 6 in the Graduate model, 100% Acetate.", "Paper describing events held by the San Francisco NCNW and Junior Council — This typewritten piece of paper describes the \"House to House\" canvas and the \"Telephone Unit\" projects undertaken by the NCNW to get out the vote in the days before the November 6, 1956 election. The page tallies up the 56 activities that occurred as a part of the Citizenship Education Project. The clipping is taped on all four sides to the bottom third of page 31 in Frances Albrier's scrapbook (2010.60.1)."], "persona": "education", "qid": "T2_education_e337205b237c", "question": {"media": "667f155b780ab365.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"667f155b780ab365.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Untitled — A gelatin silver print of three women learning to be nurses at the Manual Training and Industrial School for Colored Youth in Bordentown, New Jersey.", "Pinback button for York College — A pinback button for York College. The background of the button is white. Large blue text at center reads: [Save York College]. The exterior edge of the button has the manufacture’s information and a union stamp in blue ink. The back of the button has a metal pin without a clasp.", "Soul Force: Official Journal of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference vol. 4 no. 6 — Soul Force newsletter, volume 4, number 6. The newsletter is printed on newsprint paper with black type. The newsletter is folded together but not stapled. The front cover features an image of a graduation procession with the male participants lined up, side-by-side, in pairs. One man at the front of the procession wears a doctoral gown with three bars on the sleeves, a tam with tassel, and a medallion pendant. The rest of men are depicted wearing graduate gowns and mortarboard caps. A few are also wearing hoods and other types of academic regalia. Printed in the top third of the front cover is the masthead on the left that reads, [SOUL / force], and the date on the right that reads, [JUNE / 1971]. The back cover is formatted like a post card, with a a pre-registration form for the 14th Annual Southeastern Christian Leadership (SCLC) event. The newsletter is fifteen (15) pages and includes articles and black-and-white images throughout. Articles include: [Did You / Know?], [Politics ‘72], [Let Them Eat Lead], [The Nixon Court], [BUDAPEST], [Angela Davis], [1972: Power to the Young People], [South Africa], [Drew, / Mississippi], [South, / Summer ‘71], [Plenty Left of SCLC], and [The Government / vs. / The New York Time / (and freedom)]. The article titled \"Drew, Mississippi,\" recounts the murder of Jo Etha Collier, a high school student and track and field athlete, by three white men. Printed on page fifteen is a tentative agenda for the SCLC’s 14th Annual Convention. The first page, located on the interior of front cover, lists the Editorial Board members, editorial staff names, and press names, along with the volume and issue number.", "Carte-de-visite of a Freedmen's School with students and teachers — A sepia tone carte-de-visite of a Freedmen’s School. Standing closing together in front of a large building composed of logs and wide planks, several children are photographed on a bright day, surrounded by mature skinny trees. This image captures just one of the many Freedman’s Schools established after the Civil War, tasked with educating, clothing, and housing former slaves. On the left of the photograph stands a woman wearing a large dark skirt and jacket. On the right of the photograph stands a man wearing hat, bright shirt, and dark trousers. On the reverse of the carte-de-visite are graphite inscriptions and the photographer’s stamp: [J. D. HEYWOODS / PHOTOGRAPH ROOMS / CRAVEN ST / Sd B??? South P. O / NEW BERNE, N. C.]."], "persona": "education", "qid": "T2_education_88361261d0d7", "question": {"media": "a09b7fd9fde6f7ea.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"a09b7fd9fde6f7ea.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Wendell Hood's 1871 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — Wendell Phillips Hood from Winona, Minnesota, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 121287 was issued on November 28, 1871. This school desk securely held writing slates in place, preventing breakage. The desk and seat easily fold up to leave space for students and also leave room for cleaning purposes. A spring bolt allows the desk to lock when folded. The desk has close slats and a wooden backrest. The legs and feet are made out of metal and mounted to a wooden platform. There is an ink well secured to the desk. The desktop does not lift up or fold, and there is no storage. A silver plate on the desk reads: \"Folding School Seat and Desk Wendell P. Hood, Winona Minn.\" We are not aware of any additional information about the inventor/patentee.", "M. L. Holt and L. C. Abbott's 1870 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — M.L. Holt and L.C. Abbott from Eaton, Ohio, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk and seat. Patent no. 99895 was issued on February 15, 1870. The model featured a seat and desk that were both adjustable. M.L. Holt and L.C. Abbott were schoolteachers. Holt served as a school principal and Abbott served on the Board of Education. Besides partnering together to patent the school desk, patent no. 998895, the two men would partner with Sterling D. Tuttle (Eaton, Ohio) and patent another school desk seat, patent no. 80106.", "John Glendenning's 1880 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — John Glendenning from Norwich, England, received a British patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 224171 was issued on February 3, 1880. This model is made of wood and metal and is painted a bluish gray color. His patent connects the desk and chair together at the bottom by a metal pole base. The desk is welded in front of the chair. The chair curves, gives back and seat support, and is narrow to fit only one person. The desktop can be lifted or folded. It had a metal monobloc desk stem and chair stem that connect on the ground. The seat is curved; however there is no lower back support. A metal rod connects the seat and rest. The desk faces the chair and has two boards that fold to create a longer desktop at the decline. There is a crevice for pencils and inkwell. We are not aware of any additional information about the inventor/patentee.", "James S. Rankin's 1879 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — James S. Rankin from Muscoda, Minnesota, received a U.S. patent for an improved school desk. Patent no. 211521 was issued on January 21, 1879. This model has four seats with a slat of wood for a backrest and sits on a wooden base. The seats connect to each other, side by side, by a piece of wood that also connects to the desk, so two chairs share one desk. This desk model was considered an improvement in school desks because it was a double desk that would separate students like a single desk. The backs are elastic and adjustable. The backrest is made to fit under the shoulder blades and designed so that no hard points or surfaces are touching the spine. This would make the chair more comfortable to sit in. The chair was meant to support the students so they might have an \"erect and natural position.\" It was considered easy to access and allowed easy sweeping of the floors. James S. Rankin was born in 1818. He served as a county and city superintendent of schools in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He was known for the Rankin School Desk, which was popular because it was inexpensive and convenient. These desks were used in Louisville, Kentucky; Chicago, Illinois, and many other city schools. His desk was exhibited in the Mechanic’s Hall at the Indiana State Fair where it was recommended for first premium, a cash award. He died in 1897."], "persona": "education", "qid": "T2_education_a550721a7def", "question": {"media": "8d4911b563aedb85.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"8d4911b563aedb85.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["William N. Foster's 1872 School Desk and Seat Patent Model — William N. Foster from Indianapolis, Indiana, received a U.S. patent for an improved bench. Patent no. 128871 was issued on July 9, 1872. This desk features a seat with five slats of alternating dark and light wood. The metal hinges allow the seat to fold up. The backrest and seat are not joined. There is a storage shelf underneath, but the desktop does not lift up. \"Fosters patent Applied for May 1st\" is painted on the desk. Foster was concerned with all the practical elements of the desk, incorporating a groove for the holding of pens and pencils and providing an inkstand attached to the desk. He also considered the comfort of the students and added a place for them to rest their feet. William N. Foster founded Foster’s Bent Wood School Furniture in Indianapolis.", "Catalina Juliana Mason's Map Sampler; 1837-1847 — Map of New York State. Most counties and county seats named; rivers shown but not named; names of neighboring states given (Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Pennsylvania); Erie Canal shown, but not named. Light gray guidelines under all embroidery; water damage prior to arrival at Smithsonian. Silk thread on wool ground. STITCHES: cross, crosslet, four-sided, Algerian eye, back, chain. THREAD COUNT: warp 44, weft 46/in. Inscription: \"MAPof theSTATEofNEW YORK\" Background: Catalina Juliana was born on June 19, 1823, to Sidney and Maria Benito Dorado Mason, in St. Johns (San Juan), Puerto Rico. Catalina's father was American consul in St. Johns from 1829 to 1835. Desiring to educate his children in his native land, Mr. Mason brought his family to the United States in one of his own sailing vessels. After arrival in Baltimore, they were taken to Gloucester, Massachusetts. His wife soon succumbed to the rigors of the climate and died on September 14, 1835. On the death of his wife, Mr. Mason gave up all business interests and set forth on an extended tour of Europe. Before departing, he traveled to Puerto Rico one more time and took Catalina with him. When they returned, he placed Catalina at Miss Emma Willard's boarding school for girls in Troy, New York. Recalled from Europe by the death of his son on Dec 25, 1839, he took up residence in New York, and Catalina finished her school days with the Misses McClennachan. It is not known where she stitched her map sampler. She married Theodorus Bailey Myers in 1847, and they had two children, Theodorus Bailey and Cassie Mason. Catalina and her husband made many trips to Europe, and she is known to have paid a visit to the famous dressmaker, Worth. Her niece admired her hands, saying \"They were not ornamental only, for they could sew and embroider beautifully, and do all sorts of fine worsted work.\" Catalina died on August 27, 1905. See Catalina Mason's other sampler.", "Charles Perley's 1859 School and Church Seat Patent Model — Charles Perley from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, received a U.S. patent for an improved school seat. Patent no. 24151 was issued on May 24, 1859. The patent is a combination of wood and metal, with a very wide bench. It is mechanically able to fold up from the bottom seat. There are no curves or slopes that mold to the body and no armrests. They were designed to be used on the perimeter of the room when the rest of the school room, church, or other building is full. The folding seat was important for moving, as well as making the rooms easier to clean. There are two marks: \"C. Perely and Sons/ 114 Columbia St, NY/ 1858,\" inscribed with a stamp on top of the base and on the seat back. The base is incorrrectly stamped with the name mispelled. The patent paper signature clearly spells \"Perley.\" We are not aware of any additional information about the inventor/patentee.", "1831 World Map by Marianne S. Fernald, Student at Charlestown Female Academy — This hand drawn map, a cartography school assignment, was created Marianne S. Fernald who signed the work M.A.S. Fernald/1831. It depicts the eastern and western hemispheres as perceived at the time. Included are geographic labels, including continents, regions, islands, and bodies of water. The bottom reads, Charlestown, Female Publick School.. Marianne S. Fernald (1816-1871), the daughter of William and Sarah Fernald, would have been a 14 year old student at the time she created this map as a student of the Charlestown Female Seminary. The Charlestown Female Seminary was opened in 1830 at 30 Union Street and founded by 2 Baptist pastors, Dr. William Collier and Dr. Henry Jackson. For the citizens of Charlestown, one of the oldest neighborhoods in Boston, Massachusetts, this was the second school for girls. the first was Mount Benedict Academy, which was an Ursuline convent and finishing school. Both were tragically burned to the ground by a Nativist mob in 1834. By May 9, 1831, the Charlestown Female Seminary was being run by Martha Whiting, one of the pioneers in female education. In her memoirs she states that there were about 40 pupils and 4 teachers; that later increased to 160 students.To prepare young ladies for \"republican motherhood\" or as teachers, they outfited the school with a telescope, a microscope with about 400 objects, and a set of transparent maps. They taught music, drawing, painting, penmanship, projection of maps, bookkeeping, English, American and ancient history, political economy, Latin and of course the scriptures. There were also special lectures of physiology and chemistry and philosophy. While the trustees were all men, Miss Whiting was appointed the first headmistress or Governess when she came from a school in Hingham, Ma She later became Director until her death in 1853. Private female seminaries and academies catering to girls from wealthy and upper middle class families were common in the East and in urban areas of the United States during the first half of the 19th Century."], "persona": "education", "qid": "T2_education_1925753ea523", "question": {"media": "829e7df4ef2dfa8a.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"829e7df4ef2dfa8a.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Young Lords Party: Health, Food, Housing, Education — A Young Lords Party poster. The poster has a black background with white text and a graphic of four purple automatic rifles. Across the top center of the poster, white text reads: [Young Lords Party]. Below the text, the four purple automatic rifles are pictured in a vertical stack. The rifles are oriented horizontally and each rifle has text, in white, across the forestock reading [Health] on the top rifle, [Food] on the second, [Housing] on the third, and [Education] on the bottom. The word [Struggle] is featured in gray text on the magazine of each rifle. In the top right corner of the poster is a logo for the Young Lords Party. The logo is a circle with the Puerto Rican flag in the background and an automatic rifle at center. The letters [YLP] are across the bottom of the logo. The back of the poster is blank.", "The Messenger and Educator Vol. 3 No. 6 — Monthly publication by Kitrell College which includes an obituary for \"Mrs. Sarah J. Kennedy, the last known surviving grand child of Bishop Richard Allen, the founder and the first bishop of the African M. E. Church.\" The publication has black ink on discolored paper and consists of a single sheet folded in half. Subsequent fold down the center has begun to tear the brittle paper.", "Honorary Degree from Wilberforce University awarded to James A. Parsons Jr. — An honorary doctorate degree from Wilberforce University awarded to James Albert Parsons on June 12, 1941. Printed in black ink on off-white paper, the certificate confers the \"honorary degree of Doctor of Science\". It has the seal of Wilberforce University printed in black in the front, lower left corner. It was signed at lower right by Wilberforce University’s President D. Ormande Walker, President of the Board of Trustees Reverdy C. Ransom, and Secretary of the Board of Trustees George H. Valentine. There is an inscription in pencil on the back of the diploma [1/2 BIK / 22507].", "Handbook Outlining the Principles of Senior Management — A handbook, black ink on off-white paper, published by the Booker T. Washington class of 1934 outlining the student and faculty leaders, a year-end recap of student activities, and the school's esprit de corps. The back of the handbook is blank."], "persona": "education", "qid": "T2_education_190a9cb44c58", "question": {"media": "f48cdbae2b9a9a59.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"f48cdbae2b9a9a59.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
diff --git a/release/questions/T2/finance.jsonl b/release/questions/T2/finance.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4dc2449428a99213ce331853557cc4737d156f83
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+++ b/release/questions/T2/finance.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["$20 Federal Reserve Bank Note (1915) depicting Grover Cleveland.", "One Deutsche Mark (1948), post WWII Allied occupied Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany). Circulated by the United States Army Command, this was the first of three 1948 issues of West German currency.", "1936 50C Cincinnati Musical Center half dollar (445-10230)", "Allied Military Currency-2 Francs (1944) From the first of two issues of Allied Military Currency, the First Issue Supplemental French Franc was printed in eight denominations. The 2, 5 and 10 Franc notes are square while the 50, 100, 500, 1,000, and 5,000 France notes are rectangular. The reverse design is similar for the entire issue. The present example is a specimen note (SN 00000000)."], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T2_finance_46969163e601", "question": {"media": "b18feaa591756e43.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"b18feaa591756e43.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["1793-1C-Flowing Hair Cent (wreath) JN2015-5395-96", "1848 CAL Liberty Head quarter eagle reverse (transparent background)", "2020 Native American dollar reverse (line art)", "Continental Currency $7 banknote reverse (February 17, 1776)"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T2_finance_43dc8d07da88", "question": {"media": "f073e492854fb4bf.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"f073e492854fb4bf.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["1793-1C-Flowing Hair Cent (wreath) JN2015-5395-96", "2020 Native American dollar reverse (line art)", "1848 CAL Liberty Head quarter eagle reverse (transparent background)", "1935 Texas Centennial half dollar reverse"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T2_finance_3ae28ec789f9", "question": {"media": "0d6c3052d51f3fa0.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"0d6c3052d51f3fa0.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["1819 Quarter Dollar, Capped Bust, Reverse", "Processed Taconite pellets as used in the steelmaking industry, with a US Quarter shown to scale.", "The reverse of the the final incarnation of the ring cent, struck in silver in 1885.", "An 1800 half cent, Draped Bust design (reverse)."], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T2_finance_9a1e6a347880", "question": {"media": "9dd89feed53817f0.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"9dd89feed53817f0.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["1838-10C-Seated Liberty (stars, no drapery) JN2015-6608-09", "French; Coin (Franc); Miscellaneous-Coins and Medals", "An origami flower made of multiple ten dollar bills.", "Photograph taken by the uploader of a 1934 United States $1000 bill, serial #G00231032A, on display in a plastic holder at an antique shop (with thanks to Mark E. for finding it)"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T2_finance_fcec224d96aa", "question": {"media": "05bf920d365d4ad3.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"05bf920d365d4ad3.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["1874-10C-Seated Liberty (legend & arrows) JN2015-6616-17", "Obverse of a Walking Liberty Half dollar coin", "The Money Museum banner, Federal Reserve Bank Denver", "A five-dollar note issued by the state of Virginia on March 13, 1862, bearing the portrait of Jonathan M. Bennett, auditor of Virginia."], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T2_finance_76a011005e84", "question": {"media": "beee300f1566eaa6.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"beee300f1566eaa6.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["2001 United States Capitol Visitor Center Half Dollar Reverse", "A platinum half dollar pattern coin (J-44a).", "A United States half dollar pattern coin from 1852.", "2000 Leif Ericson American Dollar Reverse"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T2_finance_20510d104cc1", "question": {"media": "b05ff18082b0c42d.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"b05ff18082b0c42d.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["A Series 1890 $20 Treasury Note depicting John Marshall with the signatures of William Starke Rosecrans and Enos H. Nebecker. Marshall was U.S. Secretary of State (1800–01) and then Chief Justice of the Supreme Court (1801–35).", "Bureau of Engraving and Printing proof of a $5,000 Gold certificate, Series of 1882 (Fr. Ref#1166k), depicting James Madison. Engraved signatures of Allison (Register of the Treasury) and Gilfillan (Treasurer of the United States).", "1926 $2 1/2 Sesquicentennial (1215-3439)", "Allied Military Currency-2 Francs (1944) From the first of two issues of Allied Military Currency, the First Issue Supplemental French Franc was printed in eight denominations. The 2, 5 and 10 Franc notes are square while the 50, 100, 500, 1,000, and 5,000 France notes are rectangular. The reverse design is similar for the entire issue. The present example is a specimen note (SN 00000000)."], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T2_finance_aedd9e59cb57", "question": {"media": "1724e769d01bd5ce.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"1724e769d01bd5ce.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["A banknote issued by the treasurer of the Republic of Texas produced between the years 1839 to 1841.", "A national banknote issued by the government of Texas during the Republic of Texas era.", "A colonial banknote from what is now the United States of America.", "A military payment certificate issued for personnel of the military of the United States of America stationed in South Vietnam during their \"peace keeping mission\" (war) in the country. Issued: October 7, 1970; Withdrawn: March 15, 1973 (fractional denominations - June 1, 1971). Face: denomination; SERIES 692; Text: MILITARY PAYMENT CERTIFICATE; FOR USE ONLY IN UNITED STATES MILITARY ESTABLISHMENTS - BY UNITED STATES AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL IN ACCORDANCE WITH APPLICABLE RULES AND REGULATIONS Back: denomination; Text: MILITARY PAYMENT CERTIFICATE P-M83 Schwan-931 5 Cents, series 692 Face: James Earle Fraser's \"The Guardian\" sculpture (mirror image); Back: eagle P-M84 Schwan-932 10 Cents, series 692 Face/Back: as above P-M85 Schwan-933 25 Cents, series 692 Face/Back: as above P-M86 Schwan-934 50 Cents, series 692 Face/Back: as above P-M87 Schwan-935 1 Dollar, series 692 Face: woman's head; Back: bison."], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T2_finance_4ef85e54d10c", "question": {"media": "0b451d2562dc5091.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"0b451d2562dc5091.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["A national banknote issued by the government of Texas during the Republic of Texas era.", "A banknote issued by the treasurer of the Republic of Texas produced between the years 1839 to 1841.", "A colonial banknote from what is now the United States of America.", "A military payment certificate issued for personnel of the military of the United States of America stationed in South Vietnam during their \"peace keeping mission\" (war) in the country. Issued: October 7, 1970; Withdrawn: March 15, 1973 (fractional denominations - June 1, 1971). Face: denomination; SERIES 692; Text: MILITARY PAYMENT CERTIFICATE; FOR USE ONLY IN UNITED STATES MILITARY ESTABLISHMENTS - BY UNITED STATES AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL IN ACCORDANCE WITH APPLICABLE RULES AND REGULATIONS Back: denomination; Text: MILITARY PAYMENT CERTIFICATE P-M83 Schwan-931 5 Cents, series 692 Face: James Earle Fraser's \"The Guardian\" sculpture (mirror image); Back: eagle P-M84 Schwan-932 10 Cents, series 692 Face/Back: as above P-M85 Schwan-933 25 Cents, series 692 Face/Back: as above P-M86 Schwan-934 50 Cents, series 692 Face/Back: as above P-M87 Schwan-935 1 Dollar, series 692 Face: woman's head; Back: bison."], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T2_finance_a6faca442e13", "question": {"media": "32ff0146af922a97.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"32ff0146af922a97.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["An 1800 half cent, Draped Bust design (reverse).", "Map of Statehood quarters with the 2009 issues", "Gold stater (c. 125-100 BC) attributed to the Parisii. MET nr. 17.191.121 Gift of J. Pierpont Morgan, 1917 dimensions: 2.1 × 2.3 × 0.2 cm, weight: 6.8 g. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/464811", "Old share (not bond) of the Dutch VOC (East India Company). Description: \"Dutch United East India Company (VOC) Proof of payment #99, installment of a share; issued by the Camere Amsterdam, deed of September 27, 1606. Original signatures: Arent ten Grotenhuys and Dirck van Os, founders of the Compagnie van Verre and from 1602 directors of the Amsterdam Chamber of the VOC. Source: Private collection.\""], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T2_finance_4b5abd892fa9", "question": {"media": "0e7110febccfe775.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"0e7110febccfe775.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["An original North Carolina Confederate banknote from 1861.", "Artistic photograph of a dime in a hand, illustrating the phrase Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?.", "A roll of 25 U.S. dollar coins, featuring the fourth president of the United States, James Madison.", "The Federal Reserve Bank in Houston, Texas, one of the three branches of the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas. This branch is on Allen Parkway in the Fourth Ward."], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T2_finance_22c838d11695", "question": {"media": "296151b0cb09dffa.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"296151b0cb09dffa.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["British India, Two mohurs (also Double Mohur) (1835), depicting King William IV.", "Allied Military Currency-2 Francs (1944) From the first of two issues of Allied Military Currency, the First Issue Supplemental French Franc was printed in eight denominations. The 2, 5 and 10 Franc notes are square while the 50, 100, 500, 1,000, and 5,000 France notes are rectangular. The reverse design is similar for the entire issue. The present example is a specimen note (SN 00000000).", "$10 Series 1882BB National Bank Note, The First National Bank of Honolulu at Hawaii (Charter #5550). Clipped signature of Cecil Brown, bank president.", "American Bank Note Company for the Banco do Brasil, 5 Mil Reis (1923)"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T2_finance_5fc741c05ea2", "question": {"media": "7c4a18424089d298.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"7c4a18424089d298.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Bureau of Engraving and Printing proof of a $1,000 Gold certificate, Series of 1882 (Fr. Ref#1166o), depicting Alexander Hamilton. Engraved signatures of Allison (Register of the Treasury) and New (Treasurer of the United States).", "1942 One Cent Pattern, Judd-2063 (obv) (1117-1830)", "1887-5C-Liberty Nickel (cents), Copper-Nickel, 21.2mm, 5.0g, designed by Charles E. Barber JN2015-6584-85", "$50 Federal Reserve Bank Note (1918) depicting Ulysses S. Grant."], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T2_finance_60fac4908ba9", "question": {"media": "00685792143510fa.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"00685792143510fa.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Certified proof for 50 silver pesos (1934) prepared by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP) for the República de Cuba depicting Carlos Manuel de Céspedes. Engraved signatures of Manuel Despaigne (Secretario de Hacienda) and Carlos Mendieta (Presidente de la República). The United States BEP prepared and issued Cuban silver certificates (Certificados de Plata) in eight series (1934, 1936, 1936A, 1938, 1943, 1945, 1948, and 1949), each series marking a change the authorizing signatures of either the Cuban Secretary of the Treasury (Secretario de Hacienda) or the President (Presidente de la República).", "Sveriges Rikes Standers Bank, 32 Skillingar Banco (1843)", "Kingdom of Hungary, 1,000 korona, 1920 Provisional issue with overstamp (using a 1902 Austro-Hungarian note). The 1920 provisional issue of Hungarian banknotes used an earlier Austro-Hungarian Bank issue. The red circular overstamp on the front side served as validation of legal tender status in the Kingdom of Hungary.", "JN2015-6704-05, minted in CC - Carson City"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T2_finance_a144c2483a8f", "question": {"media": "2ede2b9761c52f7d.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"2ede2b9761c52f7d.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Closeup of mint mark on Franklin half dollars. Just above the bell on the reverse.", "Back of the coin of Air Force Gen. Joseph Lengyel, chief, National Guard Bureau, the Pentagon, Arlington, VA, June 1, 2018.", "Augustus humbert fifty dollar california gold coin", "Specimen of a share certificate of Deutsche Post AG World Net (DHL)"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T2_finance_29214a284179", "question": {"media": "6f5ac1b3fe37a695.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"6f5ac1b3fe37a695.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Closeup of mint mark on Franklin half dollars. Just above the bell on the reverse.", "Twelve Reserve Banks buildings from 1936", "Comparison between Athenaeum Portrait and United States one-dollar bill. Note that the image on the dollar bill in this comparison flips the image horizontally.", "The Dime Savings Bank of Brooklyn building at 9 Dekalb Avenue at Fleet Street in the Civic Center area of Brooklyn, New York City was built in 1906-08 and was designed by Mowbray & Uffinger in the Classical Revival style.. It was significantly enlarged by Halsey, McCormack & Helmer in 1931-32. The interior of the building is \"remarkable\" (AIA Guide) and features large gilded Mercury-head dimes and twelve red marble columns supporting the rotunda; these were added in the 1931-32 expansion. (Sources: Guide to NYC Landmarks (4th ed.) and AIA Guide to NYC (5th ed.)) The Dime Savings Bank of Brooklyn was later renamed to be the Dime Savings Bank of New York."], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T2_finance_7180d3516d1d", "question": {"media": "cdce4e6b784cbf22.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"cdce4e6b784cbf22.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["German; Coin (Thaler); Miscellaneous-Coins and Medals", "An origami flower made of multiple ten dollar bills.", "Obverse of a Walking Liberty Half dollar coin", "w:Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T2_finance_d5872382242a", "question": {"media": "1d7d4834233bb0b1.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"1d7d4834233bb0b1.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Image of a United States Treasury Note from the first issue authorized to fund the War of 1812. This is an unissued $100 note.", "Gold coin of the Parisii tribe of ancient Gaul, c. 125-100 BC. In the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art.", "US Commemorative Silver Dollar honoring Bill of Rights featuring image of James Madison", "1819 Quarter Dollar, Capped Bust, Reverse"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T2_finance_c74ea1f3b76f", "question": {"media": "76e7e56f1207ec6f.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"76e7e56f1207ec6f.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["La Real Tesorería de Puerto Rico, 3 pesos. 1815. Printed by Murray, Draper, Fairman and Co.", "2003 Wright Brothers Uncirculated Dollar", "Image of a United States Treasury Note from the first issue authorized to fund the War of 1812. This is an unissued $100 note.", "A five-dollar note issued by the state of Virginia on March 13, 1862, bearing the portrait of Jonathan M. Bennett, auditor of Virginia."], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T2_finance_fcf8a4a538c8", "question": {"media": "b7b557e121dfd9b1.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"b7b557e121dfd9b1.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Obverse (left) and reverse (right) of 1877-CC Liberty Double Eagle", "An 1800 half cent, Draped Bust design (reverse).", "German; Coin (Thaler); Miscellaneous-Coins and Medals", "The LaSalle Street facade of the Federal Reserve Bank Building at 165 West Quincy Street in Chicago, Illinois."], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T2_finance_dba0051f1a53", "question": {"media": "1d5c6df0ea85af6c.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"1d5c6df0ea85af6c.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Obverse of a 1922 Grant Memorial commemorative half dollar. This particular coin is the variety with a star in the field (to the right).", "The obverse of a 1909 pattern Washington Nickel. This variety is one of two that has the motto \"Liberty\" surrounded by 7 stars to the left and 6 stars to the right, but with a small date.", "Comparison between Athenaeum Portrait and United States one-dollar bill. Note that the image on the dollar bill in this comparison flips the image horizontally.", "The Federal Reserve Bank in Houston, Texas, one of the three branches of the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas. This branch is on Allen Parkway in the Fourth Ward."], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T2_finance_99bcc975ef9f", "question": {"media": "70c502a17bc37eaa.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"70c502a17bc37eaa.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Personal check for $25.00 made out to William Holmes on March 15, 1830. Entire check in manuscript.", "Printed on off-white paper in black and red ink. Two handwritten \"X\"s on left and right side of bill. The word \"ONE\", in red ink, is faded. Images include a seated female figure with sextent; sailing vessels, railroad, a wall, horse and rider; a group portrait of four men; and a seated women holding a sack and bundle of grain. Verso: blank.", "Printed on thin white paper with red threads. Stain on right side. Verso: blank", "Printed on off-white paper in black and red ink. Images include two portraits of young women, a hay wagon by a bridge with a railroad leaving a town, a seated male figure patting a dog on the head; forest; an axe; and a female figure holding a scythe. Verso: blank except for stamped initials."], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T2_finance_fecc4fedeb5a", "question": {"media": "3dad5240942bbe17.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"3dad5240942bbe17.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Photo of a track left in mud by the edge of a storm water pond by Rana clamitans (Green Frog) with a U.S. quarter for scale.", "1976-S 50C Clad Deep Cameo (rev) (1171-4192)", "Obverse of the series 2009 $100 Federal Reserve Note. The star in the serial number of this example, LG04727792*, indicates the note is a replacement note.", "United States Mint Director Ed Moy and Grand Canyon National Park Superintendent, Steve Martin begin the ceremonial coin pour during the official launch of the Grand Canyon National Park quarter-dollar, the fourth coin in the America the Beautiful Quarters ® Program. The ceremony was held on September 21, 2010 on the scenic South Rim of Grand Canyon National Park between Hopi House and Verkamp's Visitor Center."], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T2_finance_427ef387bd71", "question": {"media": "d9e10f1c613522d0.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"d9e10f1c613522d0.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Photograph taken by the uploader of a 1934 United States $1000 bill, serial #G00231032A, on display in a plastic holder at an antique shop (with thanks to Mark E. for finding it)", "Presidential $1 Coin Program coin for Theodore Roosevelt. Obverse.", "Banknote issued by a private company. The value of this note is maintained by a payment promise. See free banking. This note is unsigned and probably wasn´t issued. Text: \"The President Director and Company of the Hagerstown Bank will pay five Dollars on demand to baerer.\"", "This is an image of a coin from Heritage Auction galleries; since the article is not for personal gain, rather academic purposes, and is of a unit of currency, the image is within the limits of fair use."], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T2_finance_ce270d6fdbeb", "question": {"media": "48474b861b1ae4ea.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"48474b861b1ae4ea.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Printed on white paper in black and red ink. Images include a portrait of Governor John Letcher; a steamship; a female figure (possibly Ceres) seated on a fallen tree trunk, holding a basket. Verso: blank.", "Printed on off-white paper in black and red ink. Images include the State Capitol at Richmond, Virginia and a portrait of C.G. Memminger. Verso: complex pattern in blue ink with handwritten note.", "Printed on off-white paper in black ink. Images include two female figures and a shipbuilding scene. Verso: blank except for handwritten initials.", "Printed on off-white paper in black and red ink. Images include an embedded pattern in red ink; a standing female figure with staff, phrygian cap, grain, and cornucopia of produce; and a railroad among buildings. Verso: blank."], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T2_finance_a700a597155a", "question": {"media": "6c24fefa88f98069.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"6c24fefa88f98069.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Printed on white paper in black and red ink. Images include a portrait of Governor John Letcher; a steamship; a female figure (possibly Ceres) seated on a fallen tree trunk, holding a basket. Verso: blank.", "Printed on white paper in black ink. Images include a farmer with plow, stags, a seated female figure with grain holding a sickle and caduceus, a railroad bridge, and a standing female figure holding corn and a roman numeral X. Verso: blank except for handwritten notation.", "Printed on off-white paper in black and red ink. Images include a railroad, buildings, and a bale of cotton. Verso: blank", "Printed on off-white paper in black ink. Images include female figure with a rake and grain; and a seated Justice with sword and scales. Verso: blank."], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T2_finance_01063ce040ba", "question": {"media": "4528b2071ff618ae.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description serves as the authoritative description of the image \"4528b2071ff618ae.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Share of the AB Sportartiklar Oy, issued 1. October 1922", "Share of the SA des Voitures Automobiles Rip, issued 16. December 1907", "Share of the Motor Manufacturing Company, issued 14. May 1901", "Share of the Emil Herminghaus AG, issued 10. March 1927"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T2_finance_dedd8da07dc3", "question": {"media": "1514eae2dfa4b0d7.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"1514eae2dfa4b0d7.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Share of the Ernst Gessner AG, issued 1. January 1932", "Share of the Stanserhornbahn-Gesellschaft, issued 31. December 1892", "Share of the Hansa-Metallwerke AG, issued February 1929", "Share of the Hamburger Electrizitäts-Werke, issued 31. October 1931"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T2_finance_36ba93182856", "question": {"media": "ef6055a69788f3c6.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"ef6055a69788f3c6.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Share of the H. B. Sloman & Co. AG, issued January 1929", "Share of the AG Apollinarisbrunnen vormals Georg Kreuzberg, issued 1. January 1876", "Share of the Chemin de Fer du Salève, issued 17. September 1921", "Share of the Erste Kulmbacher Actien-Exportbier-Brauerei, issued 1. September 1923"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T2_finance_993204c958ef", "question": {"media": "b3e0febf4dcbc892.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"b3e0febf4dcbc892.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Share of the Maschinenfabrik Germania vorm. J. S. Schwalbe & Sohn, issued 9. June 1928", "Share of the Bukum AG, issued 26. Juni 1924", "Share of the Stanserhornbahn-Gesellschaft, issued 31. December 1892", "Share of the Habermann & Guckes-Liebold AG, issued November 1928"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T2_finance_64454810c35c", "question": {"media": "766a457fc01a75cc.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"766a457fc01a75cc.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Share of the Pittsburgh, McKeesport & Youghiogheny Railroad Company, issued 23. November 1908", "Share of the C. F. Bally AG, issued 3. October 1907", "Share of the Actien-Brauerei Ohligs, issued 27. February 1899", "Share of the Stanserhornbahn-Gesellschaft, issued 31. December 1892"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T2_finance_d578673cacd7", "question": {"media": "8f3e1c1db823d1c2.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"8f3e1c1db823d1c2.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Share of the S. A. des Automobiles Delaunay Belleville, issued 29. April 1924", "Share of the Erste Kulmbacher Actien-Exportbier-Brauerei, issued 1. September 1923", "Share of the Flint Motor Company, issued 14. August 1923", "Share of the Maschinenfabrik Germania vorm. J. S. Schwalbe & Sohn, issued 9. June 1928"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T2_finance_9ee9fb9a3133", "question": {"media": "f6c35471dfeffff6.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"f6c35471dfeffff6.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Share of the SA des Ets. Jules Richard, issued 30. June 1928", "Share of the Maschinenfabrik Germania vorm. J. S. Schwalbe & Sohn, issued 9. June 1928", "Share of the Stanserhornbahn-Gesellschaft, issued 31. December 1892", "Share of the Werner Frères Ltd., issued 5. May 1905"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T2_finance_a0a9e45e30bb", "question": {"media": "23547e76278ac026.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"23547e76278ac026.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Share of the Schütte-Lanz-Werke AG, issued 11. August 1923", "Share of the Erste Kulmbacher Actien-Exportbier-Brauerei, issued 1. September 1923", "Share of the Rhein-Sieg Eisenbahn-AG, issued 22. November 1922", "Share of the Rauch & Lang Inc., issued 11. June 1920"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T2_finance_f710644d531a", "question": {"media": "f09ffc322bcb1f2c.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"f09ffc322bcb1f2c.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The 1913 Liberty Nickel (Olsen specimen)", "Image of a United States Treasury Note from the first issue authorized to fund the War of 1812. This is an unissued $100 note.", "Parthian; Coin; Metalwork-Coins-Inscribed", "Gold stater (c. 125-100 BC) attributed to the Parisii. MET nr. 17.191.121 Gift of J. Pierpont Morgan, 1917 dimensions: 2.1 × 2.3 × 0.2 cm, weight: 6.8 g. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/464811"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T2_finance_d24297e56e73", "question": {"media": "f0537b68e10a783b.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"f0537b68e10a783b.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The LaSalle Street facade of the Federal Reserve Bank Building at 165 West Quincy Street in Chicago, Illinois.", "A 3' (90cm) plastic en:Sjambok, similar to the type used by South African police. Also shown is an American $1 bill for scale. I, en:User:OwenX, photographed this on 30 December 2005 in en:Mississauga, Ontario, en:Canada using a Fujifilm FinePix F440 digital camera.", "A roll of 25 U.S. dollar coins, featuring the fourth president of the United States, James Madison.", "Obverse of a 1936 Bridgeport, Connecticut commemorative half dollar, featuring P.T. Barnum."], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T2_finance_563af31f2434", "question": {"media": "5c5e2eb9a82238f8.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"5c5e2eb9a82238f8.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This image depicts the reverse of an 1849 Liberty Head gold dollar.", "Specimen of a share certificate of Deutsche Post AG World Net (DHL)", "An origami flower made of multiple ten dollar bills.", "Federal Reserve System. Chairmen of Federal Reserve Districts. Front Row: Frederick H. Curtiss, Boston, Dist 1; Pierre Jay, New York City, Dist. 2; Richard L. Austin, Philadelphia, Dist. 3; D.C. Wills, Bellevue, Pa, Dist. 4; William Ingle, Baltimore, Dist. 5; M.B. Willborn, Anniston, Ala., Dist. 6; Back Row: C.H. Bosworth, Chicago, Dist. 7; A.E. Ramsey, Muskogee, Okla., Dist. 10; E.O. Tennison, Dallas, Dist. 11; John Perrin, San Francisco, Dist. 12"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T2_finance_5fe21dc9bb1c", "question": {"media": "2987f66f09400510.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"2987f66f09400510.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["USA FISHERIES and AGRICULTURE 1855 ---ONE CENT TOKEN a", "A coin placed by Secretary of Defense Ashton B. Carter sits on a headstone in Section 60 of Arlington National Cemetery, Jan. 19, 2017, in Arlington, Va. Carter also placed a challenge coin on each of the headstones they visited.", "1902 - Ten Dollar Bill Allentown National Bank Allentown PA", "Copy of US Standard Oil trust certificate from 1896."], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T2_finance_1f57cb3e384a", "question": {"media": "dac60e848be6447f.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"dac60e848be6447f.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["stock of Cultuurmaatschappij Johannesburg, Suriname founded in 1889", "An original North Carolina Confederate banknote from 1861.", "Akcje Pierwszej Fabryk Lokomotyw w Polsce S.A. Zakłady w Chrzanowie", "Comparison of three flash media from Micro Center computer store: thumb drive, SD and Micro-SD cards, all having capacity of 8 gigibytes, next to a U.S. nickel coin"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T2_finance_12f3bf7eb3b9", "question": {"media": "e8a96a2e819b19ac.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"e8a96a2e819b19ac.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
diff --git a/release/questions/T2/games.jsonl b/release/questions/T2/games.jsonl
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+++ b/release/questions/T2/games.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["audio"], "options": ["Another dreamy sleepy calm electronic song. This one with extra clicks. Made with Auxy.", "This is another result of me messing around with the electric guitars on Logic Pro. I think this one turned out better than the last. A looping version and MIDI files included.", "Re-upload! Includes two versions, both are loopable. P.S. The other Boss Battle #2 is in removal condition, it's been so for long time. This new upload includes two versions.", "perhaps this could played over an opening dialogue or a start screen, it's got the vibe of a wartime tribe gearing up to fight for their lives, with the more obvious 8-bit NES tones and qualities"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T2_games_95593a19625b", "question": {"media": "a2728645ef3931a3.wav", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the audio \"a2728645ef3931a3.wav\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["audio"], "options": ["The call of a small dinosaur with a raspy voice.", "Probably this is the highest quality of sound effect I can produce now ...for Doomsday Laser Cannon. I also put the example of use that you can listen to it just for fun.", "simple rumble fx with fade in/out total track time 19s", "Car Blinker Sound effect meant to be used in your motor games. Site | YouTube | itch.io | Twitter If that was useful for you, please consider a donation"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T2_games_2707aad06879", "question": {"media": "2dfd048ab2575a13.wav", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the audio \"2dfd048ab2575a13.wav\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["10 Spaceships. spaceship 3 Tier have mirrored number on it. I am too lazy to fix this )", "Bloody Wall. Some kind of brick or stone wall with blood splats on it. Made for some kind of zombie invasion game.", "Side robot with a gun. Just some art I made for Pixelator showcase. Source is in Animate, the pixelated versions are made using http://pixelatorapp.com/. Use it for whatever, but if you do credit will be appreciated (but not mandatory) :)", "Two grass tilesets. This is 10 32x32 tiles. You can use it as you want."], "persona": "games", "qid": "T2_games_d2345d09ff4e", "question": {"media": "2921da1ef3b0e43b.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"2921da1ef3b0e43b.png\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["A DOS Game. You carry people into your ship", "This is a screenshot of the ZX81 game \"The Quest for the Golden Egg\". I wrote the game myself, under the pseudonym \"Digital Prawn\". It was entered into the CSSCGC 2007 competition.", "OpenTTD 1 5. A Broken Truck in Shadow Mode.", "Screenshot from computer game «Cossacks 3»"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T2_games_7c1b0e5941ce", "question": {"media": "b452a20dc5983027.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"b452a20dc5983027.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["A member of the mobile task force \"Nine-Tailed Fox\" from the video game SCP: Secret Laboratory.", "Screenshot of the video game Tooth and Tail", "This is the main menu of the Borbio game.", "A screenshot from the free and open-source real-time strategy game MegaGlest showing units and structures."], "persona": "games", "qid": "T2_games_a917f8af4411", "question": {"media": "22d146e1c2e27660.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"22d146e1c2e27660.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Anaxarch's Worlds. An application which uses opensimplex noise to generate Earth-like, gaseous, and rocky planets. You can recolor them and adjust various settings. Currently only built for Windows https://github.com/Anaxarchus/Worlds/releases/tag/Windows-v1.2-Stable", "Bloody Wall. Some kind of brick or stone wall with blood splats on it. Made for some kind of zombie invasion game.", "Simple rotating coin. Here is a simple looking rotating coin. Horizontal strip with 12 frames, 16x16px tiles.", "Metal Blocks and misc elements. Blocks, fan, lamps, grille, gem + several destroyed variants. I drew it for my free game Caterpillarnoid https://store.steampowered.com/app/1349920/Caterpillarnoid/"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T2_games_5aa12569cf3c", "question": {"media": "c84ba2460e48667d.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"c84ba2460e48667d.png\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Anaxarch's Worlds. An application which uses opensimplex noise to generate Earth-like, gaseous, and rocky planets. You can recolor them and adjust various settings. Currently only built for Windows https://github.com/Anaxarchus/Worlds/releases/tag/Windows-v1.2-Stable", "Spinning Pixel Coin. A simple spinning coin drawn is a pixel shaded style.", "Retro Stereo Sprite. A retro-style stereo sprite. It includes an image with and one without the black outline. Both are 64x64, uncropped. I would appreciate credit if it is used, but it is not required. You can message me if you would like to credit me as the artist of the piece, as there is little identifying information displayed on my account right now.", "RPG/Idle game icons.. Hello! These icons were intended for use in a small idle game, but finally decided to release them. Use them!"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T2_games_fc95ecfe2400", "question": {"media": "72c345c32b7d60ae.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"72c345c32b7d60ae.png\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Animated GIF of miniboss fight scene in Broforce video game", "Animated gameplay from indie video game Alto's Adventure", "Screenshot of Getting Over It with Bennett Foddy (2017 video game)", "JPG version of PNG screenshot from Ridiculous Fishing, for better compression within article"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T2_games_26db778e570a", "question": {"media": "1ef6f802e8fa4fbb.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"1ef6f802e8fa4fbb.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Blood moon. couldnt get the leaves right so did something else", "Square Block Textures. A sheet of 20 block textures, 16 large (16x16 pixels), and 4 small (8x8 pixels). I provided 9 color samples with 2 variations per color for foreground/background use. A sample mockup is also included. The color palette is a work in progress so you may find it helpful to adjust the colors to suit your needs.", "Two grass tilesets. This is 10 32x32 tiles. You can use it as you want.", "10 Spaceships. spaceship 3 Tier have mirrored number on it. I am too lazy to fix this )"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T2_games_534a720e22b2", "question": {"media": "a6c470b31cfe91f7.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"a6c470b31cfe91f7.png\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Chef [Animated] - Classic Hero Edit. Chefs created for use in Slow Builder 2. One black, one white, one asian, file names have the colour as the first letter. They're all wearing the same clothes. The files named '2' are double the size of the originals. Use it how you want. Hoping to have a full heavy list of Jason Em sprites by the end of this and see them in a lot of games from this community! All based on Jason-Ems Classic Hero", "Basic Hud Tiles (+ Alphabet). http://pdpxart.tumblr.com/ These tiles should give you a starting point for creating nice clean menus, dialogue boxes, and heads-up displays. (now including 8 x 8 pixel font) (8 x 8 pixel tiles)", "Flying Monster Frames 16x16. There are two sets of four frames spritesheets. I have also included gifs of both. They are both created as 16x16 i scaled a copy them up so they are easy to see in the preview. I called them Bat(The Light One) and Stalkette(The Dark One)", "Flappy Bird Style Sprites. Art made for a game programming tutorial on my channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCkg9S5QbfM58b6kKvyq9y1Q?view_as=subscriber"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T2_games_240da5f4c272", "question": {"media": "98b8bd7e481d0272.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"98b8bd7e481d0272.png\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Classroom 002. See also: * Stage with Spotlight * Vintage Lingerie", "Retro Stereo Sprite. A retro-style stereo sprite. It includes an image with and one without the black outline. Both are 64x64, uncropped. I would appreciate credit if it is used, but it is not required. You can message me if you would like to credit me as the artist of the piece, as there is little identifying information displayed on my account right now.", "Gude!Jump Art Pack. This is the main character of my Game Gude!Jump n Run finally released on Steam: https://store.steampowered.com/app/1360870/Gude_Jump_n_Run/?beta=1 It features animations for: I further added:", "Upwards Floating Soul. You can probably edit it to do 4 way movement with no problem."], "persona": "games", "qid": "T2_games_b00242e8e64f", "question": {"media": "230c4522563d4cbf.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"230c4522563d4cbf.png\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Dustforce screenshot. Released in 2012, the game was developed by Hitbox Team.", "Nuclear Dawn screenshot depicting the New York City based Downtown map. Released in 2011, the game was developed by Interwave Studios and built on the Source engine.", "Zeno Clash II screenshot. Released in 2013, the game was developed by ACE Team and is powered by Unreal Engine 3.", "RoboBlitz screenshot. Released in 2006, the game was developed by Naked Sky Entertainment."], "persona": "games", "qid": "T2_games_d6215e6a6a10", "question": {"media": "1456298de9ece7f1.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"1456298de9ece7f1.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Dustforce screenshot. Released in 2012, the game was developed by Hitbox Team.", "RoboBlitz screenshot. Released in 2006, the game was developed by Naked Sky Entertainment.", "Zeno Clash II screenshot. Released in 2013, the game was developed by ACE Team and is powered by Unreal Engine 3.", "Rock of Ages screenshot, developed by ACE Team and released in 2011. This screenshot draws from Romanticism. The game is built on Unreal Engine 3."], "persona": "games", "qid": "T2_games_27dbf46d593f", "question": {"media": "652e09fc911ae1d1.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"652e09fc911ae1d1.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Flame Animation. Here's a little 8x8 pixel animated flame I managed to make. It plays nicely in 20 FPS (0.05 second delay between each frame) :) Notice how the different resolutions are just scaled versions of the smallest one. This is because some game engines and all that scale images so that they become blurry. That's why I made the scaled versions. E.g. in the example image I used LÖVE or Love2d, which you can find here. I was lazy and didn't want to search how to make it not blurry, so I just scaled the tiles to make them more accurate. Looks nice on some wood or stuff. Remember, this is not a GIF, so it doesn't play automatically. You have to program that yourself.", "Pixel Farmer. This is a farmer who will be chasing the main character our new Android Game. You may use it however you like. I just thought the animation of it was pretty fun and i'd like to see him get some more mileage :) He walks and his gun bounces, beard flaps a little bit as well. FYI - we are using a black background and outlined characters, no fill. Feel free to change it if you are not! Check out our games on Google Play here: Monster Logix Apps", "Hayfork. Rake / fork / Hayfork pixelart farm tool", "Retro Stereo Sprite. A retro-style stereo sprite. It includes an image with and one without the black outline. Both are 64x64, uncropped. I would appreciate credit if it is used, but it is not required. You can message me if you would like to credit me as the artist of the piece, as there is little identifying information displayed on my account right now."], "persona": "games", "qid": "T2_games_8355e0e55c31", "question": {"media": "5dfe1a5723b50335.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"5dfe1a5723b50335.png\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Fog of war in 0 A.D. Alpha 23. The bottom area shows the area which is observed right now, the middle area the discovered area, which is out of line of sight. The black area hasn't been discovered yet. The blue line shows the border in which the player can build nuildings.", "The login screen is where a player can login or be created.", "Screenshot of SmallFish, an iOS app which uses Stockfish as its chess engine. It shows two players, Shiro, which is a human and playing white, and a computer playing black whose difficulty is of a grandmaster. The game ends up with a draw due to the third repetition of Qa4. The list of moves used is also shown.", "Minetest 5.3.0 interior decor using primarily the Home Decor mod, but many other mods as well. Decor by Pieru @ hightime hardcore survivor server."], "persona": "games", "qid": "T2_games_561e8cfef2c0", "question": {"media": "69a7eb9e6c265061.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"69a7eb9e6c265061.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Key Up. An Keyboard Up key made for a simple sample game available here: http://vls2.tk/lightbird", "Alien Portrait. An apatic alien that i drawn about a year ago and today i scaned and colored it. I included source in the 7zip file for fast recoloring.", "A little recolor Birds. Link originals: https://opengameart.org/content/winter-birds Author: https://opengameart.org/users/refuzzle", "32x32 RPG Character Sprites. 20 different 32x32 character sprites with walking, standing, and 'charging' poses. Initially intended to be used in Voidspire Tactics, until I decided to use a different resolution and style. Unfortunately, only half of them have a walking frame for East/West facing. The 'soldier'-looking fellow also has a more detailed spritesheet including jumping animations and 45 degree facings. Also includes a handful of status icons."], "persona": "games", "qid": "T2_games_3ba6a979a658", "question": {"media": "309160417f2a1104.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"309160417f2a1104.png\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Nestor tileset. Nestor is a NES-like tileset created for the NESfeel art challenge. It aims to imitate NES limitations (uses 3 palettes of 4 colours; the assumption is that 4th palette is used for GUI). The palette used is Nestopia palette. The tileset is formatted for use in RPG Maker 2000, 2003 and their free alternatives: EasyRPG Player and R48 editor. Of course, you can use it in any other program, too (although you might need to use 8*8 grid or reformat the autotiles if you use a different format). The tileset is named after Nestor the Chronicler who wrote the Tale of Bygone Years. NES is a historical console from bygone years, so I think it's a fitting name. I might eventually expand this to add more tiles in the similar style, so if you have suggestions about tiles you'd like to be added, feel free to comment. P.S. I would be glad if you could check out the projects I'm involved in:", "Chef [Animated] - Classic Hero Edit. Chefs created for use in Slow Builder 2. One black, one white, one asian, file names have the colour as the first letter. They're all wearing the same clothes. The files named '2' are double the size of the originals. Use it how you want. Hoping to have a full heavy list of Jason Em sprites by the end of this and see them in a lot of games from this community! All based on Jason-Ems Classic Hero", "2D simple platformer tileset.. Hope this helps someone complete a project they are working on.", "Retro Stereo Sprite. A retro-style stereo sprite. It includes an image with and one without the black outline. Both are 64x64, uncropped. I would appreciate credit if it is used, but it is not required. You can message me if you would like to credit me as the artist of the piece, as there is little identifying information displayed on my account right now."], "persona": "games", "qid": "T2_games_cf292ef612eb", "question": {"media": "9a4fa818bfdcc7e1.png", "text": "What is the authoritative description of the image \"9a4fa818bfdcc7e1.png\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["New unit model comparison New (Left) vs. Old (Right)", "Screenshot from the free video game Scorched3D. An example of a destroyed environment in game", "Screenshot showing gameplay in the Swing Racers video game for iOS.", "Game of Puzzle Storm on lichess.org, where players find the best moves in chess puzzles against the clock"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T2_games_97d825b54ad9", "question": {"media": "b28cf7d4308c025f.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"b28cf7d4308c025f.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Pixel Art TV Sprite (CC0). An old-fashioned TV pixel art. I hope you like it! P.S. It was 200x200 but I turned it into 1000x1000. That means every pixel is 5 pixels.", "16x16 Mage. Created for a Ludum Dare game Unnatural Selection", "16x16 animated tiles. 16x16 tilesets with animated waterfalls and water with a few recolors, let me know if you need something animated Edit: -forgot to include the enviroment tilesets", "Basic Hud Tiles (+ Alphabet). http://pdpxart.tumblr.com/ These tiles should give you a starting point for creating nice clean menus, dialogue boxes, and heads-up displays. (now including 8 x 8 pixel font) (8 x 8 pixel tiles)"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T2_games_07ddc7c4977a", "question": {"media": "9d7261e916e32220.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"9d7261e916e32220.png\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Pixel Farmer. This is a farmer who will be chasing the main character our new Android Game. You may use it however you like. I just thought the animation of it was pretty fun and i'd like to see him get some more mileage :) He walks and his gun bounces, beard flaps a little bit as well. FYI - we are using a black background and outlined characters, no fill. Feel free to change it if you are not! Check out our games on Google Play here: Monster Logix Apps", "Camel. Camel from our ludum dare project \"Pharablock\".", "Bullet Collection 2 (M484 Games). Here are some more bullets for you; this is the M484 Games Bullet Collection number 2. For this set I tried to raise the quality a little bit; aiming for Arcade standards rather than Amiga standards. Although I don't know if that made any real difference in the end lol. But they look quite nice to me. :) The most notable things here are the 16-way blaster bullets, the spinners and the Gradius inspired ripple beam effects. And as you can notice I also included some \"usage examples\" there, which give some cool ideas of how the gfx might be used. And if you like these and are planning to use them in a shmup, then make sure to also check out the \"Lightning Weapon\" that I made earlier, it follows the same style:http://opengameart.org/content/m484-lightning-weapon", "Pico-8 tint/shadow experiments. Here are some reference art images which I used in order to try to figure out how to work around the limitations of the pico-8 palette. Enjoy!"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T2_games_52b9bb710fcb", "question": {"media": "d314f4cfa02d5ff9.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"d314f4cfa02d5ff9.png\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Rpg Pixel Art Pack. Bee, Bears, Honeycomb, Keys, Houses, Potion... I made these arts for my open source game Lango, https://delta12-studio.itch.io/langofrom which I've been making Godot Engine tutorials on Youtube https://www.youtube.com/c/delta12studioSo I decided to make it available here too. I hope you are useful and enjoy! Delta12 Studio", "Assets for Tuxemon. Here's what I've made for the Tuxemon project, free to the public. You can find: - 7 Items (24x24 pixel) - 10 Tuxemon menu faces (24x24 pixel, 2 sprite animation) - 10 Tuxemon (64x64 pixel, each with front/back sprite) - 5 Trainer (64x64 pixel) - 7 Attack animations (64x64 pixel, horizontal stripe) I bet I missed some stuff I've submitted over time :D Note: Everything is in random order, but the tuxemon battle sprites are aligned in the same way as the menu faces", "Blob Sprite. Blob sprite with move , attack , idle and death animation. This sprite is completely free to use by anyone any comments good or bad would be appreciated. cheers.", "Metal Blocks and misc elements. Blocks, fan, lamps, grille, gem + several destroyed variants. I drew it for my free game Caterpillarnoid https://store.steampowered.com/app/1349920/Caterpillarnoid/"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T2_games_9b317d7b4256", "question": {"media": "62f4264075b3420d.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"62f4264075b3420d.png\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Screenshot from 2015 video game Nuclear Throne", "Secrets of Rætikon animated screenshot, by Broken Rules (game developer)", "w:en:User:Ijustam took this screenshot on their Linux machine, 27 Oct 2007.", "Screenshot of Getting Over It with Bennett Foddy (2017 video game)"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T2_games_cb1aa3234fdb", "question": {"media": "cc97fb2341a9b7a5.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"cc97fb2341a9b7a5.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Screenshot from computer game «Cossacks 3»", "Screenshot from the Atari 2600 game Thrust by Thomas Jentzsch", "This screenshot shows a Han administrative headquarters in the Tarim Basin game mode \"skirmish\" in 0 A.D. Alpha 26.", "Screenshot of Battle for Wesnoth : Campaign \"Under the Burning Suns\"."], "persona": "games", "qid": "T2_games_b8cab1f74567", "question": {"media": "1295b3d45ae4ceea.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"1295b3d45ae4ceea.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Screenshot from the free video game Scorched3D. An example of a destroyed environment in game", "Cromemco C-10 (built in 1982) playing chess in 2015. This chess-playing program came standard with every Cromemco C-10 computer. Brent Gammon is the owner of this computer.", "Screenshot of Hume's rainbow caves in Supertux2", "A DOS Game. You carry people into your ship"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T2_games_898f084425cd", "question": {"media": "e060ef3dede33cee.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"e060ef3dede33cee.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Screenshot of Getting Over It with Bennett Foddy (2017 video game)", "Screenshot from the video game Fantastic Contraption", "Secrets of Rætikon animated screenshot, by Broken Rules (game developer)", "JPG version of PNG screenshot from Ridiculous Fishing, for better compression within article"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T2_games_d8d716fd12b9", "question": {"media": "800adf9910911a40.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"800adf9910911a40.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Screenshot of Nexuiz - A fast paced online first person shooter. Screenshot taken by Tyler \"-z-\" Mulligan", "A screenshot from the computer game „The Whispered World“.", "The easy tileset for the Gnome games version of mahjong", "Image is of a screenshot from Kings' Crusade, a NeocoreGames video game."], "persona": "games", "qid": "T2_games_d67dcfe0ea90", "question": {"media": "fa32e2220a4310f4.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"fa32e2220a4310f4.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Screenshot of Nexuiz - A fast paced online first person shooter. Screenshot taken by Tyler \"-z-\" Mulligan", "This screenshot shows Cháoting, the Han imperial court in the game mode \"Battle\" in the Tarim Basin in 0 A.D. Alpha 26. It is a fortified administrative seat.", "Little gold torc jewel, from Castro de las Peñas de Oro. (Alava, Basque country Spain)", "OpenTTD 1.1.0 (English Version) using OpenGFX 0.33 graphic set"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T2_games_854c42d7b30b", "question": {"media": "4f425f49b4b443c8.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"4f425f49b4b443c8.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Screenshot of video game flotilla (2010) by Blendo Games", "Screenshot of Battle for Wesnoth : Campaign \"Under the Burning Suns\".", "These cutscenes will probably be redone within the next couple of versions.", "Screenshot of the freeware video game Mu-cade"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T2_games_5616a606050f", "question": {"media": "2f388d55a00ab049.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"2f388d55a00ab049.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Side robot with a gun. Just some art I made for Pixelator showcase. Source is in Animate, the pixelated versions are made using http://pixelatorapp.com/. Use it for whatever, but if you do credit will be appreciated (but not mandatory) :)", "WarMachine sprite. A simple sprite I made with GIMP, in four different colors. You can support me: https://www.tastyfish.cz/#support", "Lightning (low quality). Lightning images created for our game, you can use it too. Software: Inkscape", "Medieval Archery Range (Isometric 2.5D). This isometric midieval archery range was designed for the browser-based RTS Feudal Wars (feudalwars.net). The artwork for Feudal Wars has since evolved into a different style and these earlier assets will not be used."], "persona": "games", "qid": "T2_games_2d39d707956a", "question": {"media": "47454f0de87d5ba9.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"47454f0de87d5ba9.png\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The Cecil and Ida Green Building, also known as MIT Building 54, was built in 1962-64, and was designed by I. M. Pei Associates, one of Pei's three Modernist concrete buildings on MIT's McDermott Court. (Sources: Emporis and MIT: An Architectural Tour}", "Game of Puzzle Storm on lichess.org, where players find the best moves in chess puzzles against the clock", "Screenshot of Freeciv 2.1-beta1 in Simplified Chinese locale", "Screenshot from the video game Defenders of Ardania"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T2_games_e847e3e76b8f", "question": {"media": "13ba02be015f22b2.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"13ba02be015f22b2.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The Cecil and Ida Green Building, also known as MIT Building 54, was built in 1962-64, and was designed by I. M. Pei Associates, one of Pei's three Modernist concrete buildings on MIT's McDermott Court. (Sources: Emporis and MIT: An Architectural Tour}", "This is a diagram of the game of Penguin, based on an actual layout. The image is made in Microsoft Paint and the cards used were based on the SVG Playing Cards.", "Screenshot from the title of Battle for Wesnoth 0.6 french", "This is a screenshot of the ZX81 game \"The Quest for the Golden Egg\". I wrote the game myself, under the pseudonym \"Digital Prawn\". It was entered into the CSSCGC 2007 competition."], "persona": "games", "qid": "T2_games_93cf5c98dff5", "question": {"media": "7f3999948bf007fb.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"7f3999948bf007fb.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The easy tileset for the Gnome games version of mahjong", "OpenTTD 1 5. MegaStation with the NewGRF FIRS.", "Imagine Cup 2013 Worldwide Finals event in St. Petersburg, Russia - July 8-11, 2013", "Screenshot from computer game «Cossacks 3»"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T2_games_1454d3387744", "question": {"media": "cfe3d9ef98db005e.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"cfe3d9ef98db005e.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The player explores more of the dungeon.", "Another end of path; this might be another secret door.", "The door resists, but the player can try again to open it.", "This is the discovery of another room in the dungeon."], "persona": "games", "qid": "T2_games_a46a923ddd35", "question": {"media": "9fc07786ca7b67f0.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"9fc07786ca7b67f0.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This image is a screenshot of the solitaire game \"Seahaven Towers\". More information about this game or this photo can be found on this website: http://www.tesseractmobile.com/", "This image is a screenshot of the solitaire game \"Picture Gallery\".", "This image is a screenshot of the solitaire game \"Monte Carlo\". More information about this game or this photo can be found on this website: http://www.tesseractmobile.com/", "This image is a screenshot of the solitaire game \"La Belle Lucie\". More information about this game or this photo can be found on this website: http://www.tesseractmobile.com/"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T2_games_03291bda05be", "question": {"media": "00e5334d001542a3.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"00e5334d001542a3.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This is a diagram of the game of Penguin, based on an actual layout. The image is made in Microsoft Paint and the cards used were based on the SVG Playing Cards.", "Bunny Hill by Jasmin Patry (Extreme Tux Racer version) - Montage of the map files (elev.png, terrain.png and trees.png)", "Screenshot of the video game Tooth and Tail", "cover art screenshot of a free online game by an independant publisher was launched for WED 2008 with this year's theme \"CO2, Kick the Habit! Towards a Low Carbon Economy.\" the game was called Carbon chomper and can be played for free at this link[1]"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T2_games_dc647e349016", "question": {"media": "e98a4aa4e83e3e3b.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"e98a4aa4e83e3e3b.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This is a screenshot from the commodore 64 game Beauty and the Beast.", "A DOS Game. You carry people into your ship", "The login screen is where a player can login or be created.", "Screenshot of Hume's rainbow caves in Supertux2"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T2_games_2b30b0eae93e", "question": {"media": "194832406c2a6eae.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"194832406c2a6eae.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Two pixelish Tree sprites. See this forum post for how those trees came about: http://forum.freegamedev.net/viewtopic.php?f=22&t=5401&p=57202#p57202", "Necromancer Spritesheet. I made this little necromancer for my game project I'm working on. Maybe someone else will benefit from it. I used another image as a base to work off: https://opengameart.org/content/skeleton-guy-animated It's not the best art or anything and it's a placeholder for better art in the future. But I was looking for something like this for my game on this site and didn't find it, so I made it. Hopefully this saves someone else some time. Frame sizes are 64 pixels.", "Lightning (low quality). Lightning images created for our game, you can use it too. Software: Inkscape", "Retro pixel art GUI/HUD elements including dialogue box. Here are all the GUI assets for my lateral-thinking puzzle game, Compass Rose Includes a dialogue box, some navigation arrows, and HUD elements such as a speaker for sound on/off, a question mark, and a closed caption icon. This is my original work. Attribution appreciated but not required. Enjoy! (:"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T2_games_12e668e13025", "question": {"media": "777f81e8d5e2f8c2.png", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"777f81e8d5e2f8c2.png\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Zeno Clash II screenshot. Released in 2013, the game was developed by ACE Team and is powered by Unreal Engine 3.", "Rock of Ages screenshot, developed by ACE Team and released in 2011. This screenshot draws from Romanticism. The game is built on Unreal Engine 3.", "Blade Symphony screenshot showing a multiplayer battle. Released in 2014, the game was developed by Puny Human and is powered by the Source engine.", "Armello screenshot. Released in 2015, the game was developed by League of Geeks and is powered by Unity."], "persona": "games", "qid": "T2_games_207683a6caf3", "question": {"media": "d2e93f5905dd0eda.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"d2e93f5905dd0eda.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["this is a screenshot from Metanet Software Inc's windows/mac/linux game, N. It was taken by Mare Sheppard (of Metanet). More info on the game can be found here: https://www.metanetsoftware.com or http://www.harveycartel.org/metanet", "Game situation in a game of Score 4. Screenshot from a Java Applet written by Mussklprozz.", "Tux, Boris, Sammy and Neva, the characters of Tux Racer", "Screenshot \"RequestingAFlyby\" for Toy Soldiers: Cold War video game"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T2_games_c70efb4ff9d5", "question": {"media": "93d933b0ce2b94de.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"93d933b0ce2b94de.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["w:en:User:Ijustam took this screenshot on their Linux machine, 27 Oct 2007.", "JPG version of PNG screenshot from Ridiculous Fishing, for better compression within article", "Animated GIF of miniboss fight scene in Broforce video game", "Secrets of Rætikon animated screenshot, by Broken Rules (game developer)"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T2_games_69279be19b70", "question": {"media": "19dc7b2da3d7b9a4.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"19dc7b2da3d7b9a4.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
diff --git a/release/questions/T2/healthcare.jsonl b/release/questions/T2/healthcare.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7b0d06c0f1161b415dceafdb2f474acba46ce2e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/questions/T2/healthcare.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["At a magnification of 2000X, this scanning electron microscopic (SEM) image of an untreated water specimen extracted from a wild stream, which is mainly used to control flooding during inclement weather, revealed the presence of unidentified organisms, which included bacteria, protozoa, and algae. In this particular image, an expanding amorphous organic biofilm was featured, within which numbers of amoeboid protozoa and bacilli bacteria, seemed to be embedded. For a colorized version of this image, see PHIL 11714.", "Captured in a metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia primary school, this photograph depicts a group of school children, who were engaged in the creative process, each having been asked to draw a picture. In the foreground, three boys were discussing what each would design, and were consulting a book referencing various fantasy figures, before beginning each of their projects. It is important to know that objects, including pencils, crayons, paper, etc., are known as fomites, and can act as transmitters of illnesses. Viruses and bacteria are able to remain alive on their surfaces after being handled by an ill child, who can then inadvertently transfer these germs to another child, who subsequently handles these schoolroom articles.", "This Giemsa-stained, thin film blood smear photomicrograph reveals the presence of a mature, Plasmodium ovale trophozoite.", "In this 1976 photograph, Dr. Gary Noble was drawing blood to be tested for its A/New Jersey/76 (Hsw1N1) swine influenza A virus antibody concentrations. Blood tests are extremely important, as tools in a public health practitioner’s scientific arsenal, when preventing the epidemiologic spread of communicable diseases throughout the world ."], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T2_healthcare_6114440801a8", "question": {"media": "a6d1aa86baa3fc9b.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"a6d1aa86baa3fc9b.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["At a magnification of 3084X, this 1999 scanning electron microscopic (SEM) image revealed findings, uncovered during Legionella pneumophila research, which investigated the association of Hartmannella vermiformis amoebae, when present alongside L. pneumophila bacteria existing on potable water biofilms. Shown here, were L. pneumophila, as well as other unidentified bacteria.", "This Gram-stained photomicrograph reveals numerous, rod-shaped, Bacillus anthracis bacteria, that had linked together to form long filamentous chains.", "This image depicted a man cutting a tomato, while a woman was cutting raw chicken on a different cutting board. To avoid cross-contamination of foodborne germs, use separate cutting boards for raw poultry, and ready-to-eat foods.", "Under a magnification of 200X, this photomicrograph revealed the presence of a cleistothecium, of the dermatophytic fungal organism, Gymnoascus dankaliensis, formerly known as Arachniotus flavoluteus, strain O-483."], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T2_healthcare_0f1ae2b981ca", "question": {"media": "a393d304dad4ed0e.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"a393d304dad4ed0e.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Captured during a visit by a Pakistani dignitary to the Communicable Disease Center (CDC), this historic image from December 5th, 1957, depicted a group portrait. Standing left to right was entomologist Mr. Kent S. Littig, the visiting former senior Pakistan Army medical officer, Dr. Taquid Deen Ahmad, and Training Officer, In Charge, Mr. Joseph E. Borches.", "This 1981 digitally-colorized transmission electron microscopic (TEM) image revealed some of the ultrastructural morphology of a number of intact rotavirus, double-shelled particles. See PHIL 273 for a black and white version of this image. The speckled appearance of each capsid is due to the presence of numerous molecular spikes that emanate from the capsid surface of each virion.", "This is a zip lock Bio-Bag™ (Type B) Environmental Chamber, formerly manufactured by Marion Scientific Corporation, and was more commonly called an anaerobic transporter. Bio-Bag™ (Type B) was a disposable environmental system designed to internally generate and maintain a CO2-enriched environment.", "This 1964 image, captured by the creator of the renown Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS), Dr. Alex Langmuir, depicts what was a common method of rice storage in Gujarat, India villages. EIS officers from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), visited India in 1964, during a smallpox outbreak. Largely through the effort of the CDC, and partners including India, the worldwide eradication of smallpox was achieved. In 1980 the WHO declared the global eradication of smallpox due to a worldwide vaccination campaign. The WHO then recommended that all countries cease vaccination."], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T2_healthcare_038498df163a", "question": {"media": "72ee2c8e2f5e0866.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"72ee2c8e2f5e0866.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Captured in 1975, this image was part of a slideshow that was used to familiarize public health inspectors with the unsanitary conditions commonly found inside migrant worker camps. This particular photograph depicted the accumulation of wastewater on the grounds of this migrant camp. Inspectors need to be aware of wastewater disposal from sources other than sewage including kitchens, showers, laundries, etc. They must be alert to signs that the septic system has failed, as was shown in this photograph.", "This image depicted three right forearms, each having received an intracutaneous injection of dirofilaria antigen, prepared from Dirofilaria immitis, and producing the reactions at the site of each wheal. If an erythematous reaction is observed at the reaction site, then a positive result would be indicated.", "Depicted in this 1965 image, was a scene captured on the streets of San Antonio, Texas, showing how the metal cans on the feet of this red vending machine could act as mosquito breeding sites, through their ability to contain water, into which female mosquitoes could lay their eggs.", "Under a magnification of 607X, this scanning electron microscopic (SEM) image revealed some of the morphologic features located upon the surface of one of the two antennae used by an unidentified 1/4\"-sized black flying insect with a small red mark on its dorsum. This organ is able to detect changes in the organism’s environment including wind speed and direction, chemical queues, and variations in temperature. The antenna is composed of three main regions: scape, pedicle, and flagellum. The scape attaches the sensory organ to the head region, and the pedicle joins the distal, jointed flagellum to the scape, at the joint you see here."], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T2_healthcare_a32f50b47f8a", "question": {"media": "547b6edcce462690.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"547b6edcce462690.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Captured in 1980, this image depicts a properly lit dissecting microscope, used to examine bacterial colonies grown on laboratory culture media. The dissecting microscope is used during the close study, and fine dissection of small organisms, or subjects too large, thick or opaque, to be viewable under a compound microscope’s optics.", "This 1975 photograph depicted World Health Organization (WHO) epidemiologist, Dr. Hari Mehta, collecting the lesion scabs from the legs of a suspected smallpox sufferer, which would then be sent to a laboratory for a diagnostic confirmation.", "Produced by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), this digitally colorized scanning electron microscopic (SEM) image depicts a number of yellow-colored, Yersinia pestis bacteria, that had gathered on the proventricular spines of a Xenopsylla cheopis flea. These spines line the interior of the proventriculus, a part of the flea’s digestive system. The Y. pestis bacterium is the pathogen that causes bubonic plague.", "Depicted in this 1965 image, was a scene captured on the streets of San Antonio, Texas, showing how the metal cans on the feet of this red vending machine could act as mosquito breeding sites, through their ability to contain water, into which female mosquitoes could lay their eggs."], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T2_healthcare_3fa524fb6b91", "question": {"media": "6e03b01c7891d686.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"6e03b01c7891d686.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["During his September 16, 2014 visit to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), former President Barack Obama was updated on the steps CDC, and the rest of our government, were taking here and abroad, to fight Ebola globally, and keep the American people safe. At this point in the gathering, standing at the podium, the President was addressing a group of CDC personnel, discussing with the audience the future efforts to be made by the United States, and the World, to combat the West African Ebola epidemic, and his sincere appreciation, for the hard work put forth by CDC staff.", "This image depicted a right lateral view, of a mounted rodent bot fly, Cuterebra lepivora.", "This image was one of many captured by Lt. Cmdr. Gary Brunette, a United States Public Health Service (USPHS) officer, who’d been deployed to the Caribbean nation of Haiti shortly after the country’s massive earthquake in January, 2010. The serene appearance of this Haitian coastal village belied the devastation to which this island nation had been subjected, as evidenced by the number of photographs contained here in the PHIL taken during his deployment. Transported to Haiti by way of the naval vessel, the USS Bataan, Lt. Cmdr. Brunette, along with the rest of the involved USPHS crew, set out in early January 2010, to provide disaster relief support to Operation Unified Response (OUR).", "This photomicrograph depicted leukemia cells that contained Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), using a fluorescent antibody (FA) staining technique, which caused the affected cells to glow green under ultraviolet light. EBV is a member of the Herpesvirus family, and is one of the most common human viruses."], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T2_healthcare_6912f3da739d", "question": {"media": "c12fe8ec347aacce.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"c12fe8ec347aacce.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["During his September 16, 2014 visit to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), former President Barack Obama was updated on the steps CDC, and the rest of our government, were taking here and abroad, to fight Ebola globally, and keep the American people safe. At this point in the gathering, standing at the podium, the President was addressing a group of CDC personnel, discussing with the audience the future efforts to be made by the United States, and the World, to combat the West African Ebola epidemic, and his sincere appreciation, for the hard work put forth by CDC staff.", "This is a digitally-colorized electron microscopic image of an isolate of Ebola virus. The internal structures of the filamentous particle are visible, including the nucleocapsid and other structural viral proteins, and the outer viral envelope is covered with surface projections.", "At a magnification of 267X, this photomicrograph shows an unidentified Gomori-stained tissue specimen harvested from a patient diagnosed with actinomycosis, caused by the bacterium Streptomyces somaliensis. This close-up view of a chronic inflammatory sulfur granule reveals numerous filamentous S. somaliensis mycelia.", "Under a magnification of 130X, and using phase contrast illumination, this photomicrograph highlighted some of the ultrastructural morphology exhibited by numbers of TOX (toxic) phase, type F, Clostridium botulinum microcolonies."], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T2_healthcare_ffa23135d20c", "question": {"media": "42ad7a0d328ea4b7.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"42ad7a0d328ea4b7.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Magnified 119X, this scanning electron microscopic (SEM) image revealed some of the ultrastructural details of one of the very small flower buds clustered in the center of a white flowering dogwood blossom, Cornus florida. Due to the extremely small size of the centrally located clustered flowers, the larger colored bracts, that are actually modified leaves, which protect the flowers themselves, are also mistaken for flower petals. If you look carefully, you'll notice that the small flower petals come together in a confluence at the bud’s tip, and will burst open at this point when the flower blossoms.", "This is a photograph depicting a resting female, Aedes aegypti adult mosquito. Ae. aegypti is also known as the yellow fever mosquito.", "This photograph reveals poxvirus pocks, on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of a developing embryonic chick.", "This historic 1925 photograph revealed the presence of pollution in the Cedar River, near Austin, Minnesota. The environmental damage resulted from the dumping of both municipal waste, and waste from a local meat-packing plant into the river. This was one of a series of instructional images, used by the Minnesota Board of Health, in order to train the state’s public health workers. The purpose of the images, and the training, was focused on seeing to the orderly disposal of waste, including sewage and industrial waste, in order to prevent the contamination of potable water supplies, by toxic substances, as well as microbiologic pathogens."], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T2_healthcare_c3f514baf025", "question": {"media": "9dd49477678c1447.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"9dd49477678c1447.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The man depicted here, was in the process of entering a building on one of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) campuses. He was seated in a wheelchair, and had triggered the mechanized doors to open, by using an easily accessible push button door switch pad.", "Pictured here, was a Brazilian Field Epidemiology Training Program (FETP) staff member in the process of interviewing a mother, who was caring for her two children. The mother’s responses were being recorded using a standard epidemiologic-based questionnaire.", "This photograph showed Del Conn, a member of an Ebola survey team, who was extracting a blood sample from a resident of the town of Yambuku, Zaire during the country’s 1976 outbreak, which started in the town of Yambuku, and from there spread to surrounding areas. In Kinshasa, the country’s capital, an area hospital was sealed off during the outbreak, helping to bring the situation under control. The total number of cases in Zaire was 318 and had a mortality rate of 88%. In 1997, Zaire was renamed the Democratic Republic of Congo.", "This is an illustration depicting the life cycle of the parasitic roundworm, Strongyloides stercoralis, the causal agent of the parasitic disease strongyloidiasis. For a complete description of the S. stercoralis life cycle, paste the following address in your address bar: https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/strongyloidiasis/index.html."], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T2_healthcare_f764f39b4152", "question": {"media": "815d93262a2f448a.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"815d93262a2f448a.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The man pictured here, was shown using his laptop computer’s mouse. Though intellectually-challenged, he is still able to navigate his way through the Internet, and effectively use this computer, the mouse, and its keyboard controls.", "This image was one of many captured by Lt. Cmdr. Gary Brunette, a United States Public Health Service (USPHS) officer, who’d been deployed to the Caribbean nation of Haiti shortly after the country’s massive earthquake in January, 2010. The serene appearance of this Haitian coastal village belied the devastation to which this island nation had been subjected, as evidenced by the number of photographs contained here in the PHIL taken during his deployment. Transported to Haiti by way of the naval vessel, the USS Bataan, Lt. Cmdr. Brunette, along with the rest of the involved USPHS crew, set out in early January 2010, to provide disaster relief support to Operation Unified Response (OUR).", "This thin film blood smear photomicrograph, revealed the presence of a Plasmodium vivax trophozoite.", "This photograph depicts the colonial morphology displayed by Gram-negative, Brucella melitensis bacteria, which was grown on a medium of sheep’s blood agar (SBA), for a 72 hour time period, at a temperature of 37°C. See PHIL 12400, for B. melitensis bacteria grown on SBA at the same temperature, but for a lesser time period (48hr), and PHIL 12452, for B. melitensis bacteria grown on SBA at the same temperature, but for one-third the time period (24hr). Brucella spp. bacteria are responsible for causing the disease known as brucellosis."], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T2_healthcare_25895ff6754d", "question": {"media": "b257e120a64e6bec.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"b257e120a64e6bec.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["These two young African-American children were playing outside in a backyard dirt pile, enjoying the fresh air, physical activity, and interacting as friends. Though it was inside a shady area, it is important to know that sunscreen should be applied on any exposed skin, and children should wear clothing appropriate for this kind of outdoor play, including sneakers, shirts, and long pants, all of which protect them from splinters, abrasions, and in this case, soil contaminants and pathogens. It’s also a good idea to have children play in groups rather than alone, not only to improve safety, but for the purpose of cultivating friendships as well.", "This image shows the lower extremities of a seated patient, with marked swelling of the left knee and lower leg consistent with mycetoma caused by the Gram-positive bacterium Actinomadura madurae.", "Under a magnification of 100X, and using phase contrast illumination, this photomicrograph of a specimen, grown on cornmeal with tween®-80 agar (CMTA), revealed numerous conidia-laden mycelia, produced by the fungal organism, Candida pseudotropicalis.", "This 1946 historical photograph was provided by the Center for Disease Control's (CDC), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Industrial workers were formulating spray-pesticides, mixing the powdered constituents into a liquid. The mixing was done in closed chambers equipped with exhaust ventilation systems. Workers were also wearing respirators and rubber gloves, preventing poisoning. The pesticide pictured was Genithion P-15, a variant of parathion. Activities like this are overseen, and regulated by NIOSH."], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T2_healthcare_c461de0dad40", "question": {"media": "202d33d7628db3ae.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"202d33d7628db3ae.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This 1946 historical photograph was provided by the Center for Disease Control's (CDC), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Industrial workers were formulating spray-pesticides, mixing the powdered constituents into a liquid. The mixing was done in closed chambers equipped with exhaust ventilation systems. Workers were also wearing respirators and rubber gloves, preventing poisoning. The pesticide pictured was Genithion P-15, a variant of parathion. Activities like this are overseen, and regulated by NIOSH.", "Photographed around the campus of one of the many metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia primary schools, here you see a teacher interacting with one of her Asian-American students, packing soil around a plant that they’d just introduced to a garden being tended by this teacher’s class. This type of interaction with the outdoors provided these young students with time in the fresh air, and exercise for their growing bodies, burning off unwanted calories, and energy accumulated sitting in the classroom.", "Viewed under a magnification of 365X, this Petri dish culture plate contained a growth medium of brain-heart infusion (BHI) agar, which had been inoculated with a culture of Cutibacterium acnes, formerly known as Propionibacterium acnes bacteria, and in turn, had produced these round, scalloped edged colonies.", "This Asian-American school girl was photographed, during her outdoor physical education class, which was taking place at one of the many metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia primary schools. In this particular view, captured in mid-air, the young student was having fun playing with a jump rope. Aside from the jump rope, the schoolyard provided children with a wide array of choices, allowing them to exercise all aspects of their growing bodies."], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T2_healthcare_853f0db68720", "question": {"media": "0fd8f7134b58153a.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"0fd8f7134b58153a.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This 1975 image depicted what had been an example of a poorly maintained kitchen range ventilation hood, which as you can see, was found to be greasy, creating a possible fire hazard. During a facility’s health inspection, all aspects of food preparation are observed, including the kitchen’s ventilation system, which over time can become clogged with grease, preventing proper airflow, and harbor pathogens that can then contaminate food. This image was used as part of a series, the purpose of which was to familiarize public health inspectors with proper food hygiene sanitation practices, and the myriad of food storage conditions found in migrant worker camps.", "This image depicts a convoy of U.S. Marines, who had been transported by the USS Bataan to Haiti in order to provide security to responders during Operation Unified Response, responding to the Haitian earthquake disaster in January 2010. The USS Bataan and her crew set out to provide disaster relief support to Operation Unified Response (OUR), after a magnitude 7.0 earthquake devastated the island nation. Bataan’s Navy/Marine Corps Team, established nine landing zones to facilitate aid distribution, ultimately moving more than 1,000 pallets of relief supplies ashore and treating close to 1,000 Haitians both aboard Bataan in the ship’s medical facility, and working side-by-side local and volunteer physicians at clinics throughout Haiti.", "This 1981 photograph depicted two laboratorians, who were preparing quality control materials to be used in neonatal hyperthyroid screening. To diagnose hyperactivity of the thyroid gland, a blood test is used to measure the level of thyroid hormones in the blood, including thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4).", "Viewed from the front, this hair-soil culture plate had been inoculated with the fungal organism, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, which had resulted in the production of these abortive cleistothecia."], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T2_healthcare_210ea7a5d746", "question": {"media": "017e15527ff96370.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"017e15527ff96370.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This Petri dish culture plate contained an unknown growth medium, upon which grew a single colony of the dermatophytic fungal organism, Microsporum canis. This was a typical strain, which gave rise to a wooly textured colony. See PHIL 15472, for a microscopic view of the M. canis microorganism, and 15473, for a view of an atypical variant, which exhibited a glabrous, smooth colonial morphology.", "Captured in 1964, this photograph depicted the façade of what at the time, was the newly constructed Public Health Service’s (PHS), Communicable Disease Center (CDC), Field Station, located in Kansas City, Kansas. By the sign at right, you are able to see that this facility was under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Health, Education & Welfare (HEW), which would eventually become the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) in 1979. The Communicable Disease Center (CDC) was renamed the modern day Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 1992.", "This photomicrograph of human liver tissue infected with the Ebola virus, depicts the hepatic histopathologic changes that occur due to this illness. Note the presence of necrotic changes amongst the hepatocytes, with the loss of normal hepatic cytoarchitecture, including loss of the hepatic sinusoidal system, as well as the presence of intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies.", "This photomicrograph reveals some of the ultrastructural morphology exhibited by the yeast form of a Cryptococcus sp. fungus. The encapsulated Cryptococcus, yeast-like species, are dimorphic fungi, which means that they can alternate between a yeast phase and a hyphal phase, depending on environmental conditions."], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T2_healthcare_730e45d5b9ad", "question": {"media": "c80a1cdbccee65d8.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"c80a1cdbccee65d8.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This historic image depicted a laboratory technician, who was seated at her desk inside the laboratory, while using a monocular microscope as she was studying an unidentified microscope slide.", "This photomicrograph of an unstained specimen, reveals some of the ultrastructural details exhibited by a Mesocestoides sp. tapeworm proglottid.", "This historic photograph, captured in the late 1960s, depicts a mother holding her young child, who exhibits the characteristic maculopapular rash associated with smallpox infection. The image was recorded on the fourth day of the child’s rash. The scene took place in an unspecified area of the town of Fria in the West African country of Guinea.", "This African-American man was in the process of damp-mopping his home’s entrance way. In this way airborne particulates including dust and pollen, could be removed from the inside of his home, thereby, reducing the detrimental effects these substances have upon the respiratory system of his family members. These irritants can sometimes result in sinus infections, and asthma. As was the case here, when cleaning, or when involved in activities that result in propagation of airborne irritants, personal protective equipment should be worn, including a facial respirator, goggles, gloves, and if need be, knee pads, as well as clothing appropriate for the activity. Also using a damp dusting, or mopping technique, reduces airborne particulates. These activities should, if possible, be conducted in a well-ventilated area."], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T2_healthcare_ae9022aefb24", "question": {"media": "ac2a03b0806eb06e.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"ac2a03b0806eb06e.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This historic photograph depicts a public health field worker collecting and analyzing mosquito larvae during an unidentified entomological study. The man is using a handheld magnification loupe to obtain a closer view of each captured larva.", "This historic image, from the 1950s to 1960s, depicted three miners in the subterranean confines of a submarine, St. Jonn Canadian, iron ore mine, using a mechanized loader. This device would excavate ore from the mine walls, and run the raw material up a conveyor belt, dumping it from the end into a coal bin rail car. In this fashion, the ore would be transported up, and out of the mine to the surface. The foreground miners wore no protective filtered breathing devices, or any protective eyewear. Due to the presence of airborne coal dust in the small confines of a mine, miners are predisposed to the long-term negative health effects of this profession including black lung disease, or coal-workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP). Today, the Federal government’s stringent regulations on the level of coal dust permissible in the air of a coalmine, and the requisite use of filtered breathing devices, has dramatically lowered the number of cases of black lung disease.", "This historic 1963 photograph depicts Centers for Disease Control (CDC) official Charles C. Shepard, MD, and a laboratory assistant harvesting footpad samples infected with Mycobacterium leprae during a leprosy study. Dr. Shepard was internationally recognized for his work in leprosy and Legionnaires’ disease research and served as chief of the CDC’s Leprosy and Rickettsial Branch for more than 30 years. A leading expert on leprosy, he succeeded in 1960 in cultivating Mycobacterium leprae in laboratory animals, a breakthrough that enabled more rapid testing of potential treatments and preventive measures. In 1977, Shepard was also one of two CDC researchers who isolated the bacterium responsible for Legionnaires’ disease, Legionella pneumophila.", "This 1981 photograph depicted two laboratorians, who were preparing quality control materials to be used in neonatal hyperthyroid screening. To diagnose hyperactivity of the thyroid gland, a blood test is used to measure the level of thyroid hormones in the blood, including thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4)."], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T2_healthcare_c7206bbe2875", "question": {"media": "f6513c9571f290c2.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"f6513c9571f290c2.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This historic photograph, believed to have been captured in 1977, depicts the first Centers for Disease Control (CDC) observance of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s birthday. Presenters are seated on stage before the audience, while former Georgia State Representative Henrietta Canty speaks at the podium during the tribute to Dr. King.", "Under a magnification of 117X, four-times greater than PHIL 10112, this scanning electron microscopic (SEM) image depicted some of the surface details found on one of the four wings on this unidentified hornet discovered in the suburbs of Decatur, Georgia. In this particular view, you’ll note that the wing’s surface is coated with what appears to be numerous hairs, which are known as setae. These setae are composed of the material known as chitin, as is its exoskeleton.", "When renovating a home, you should use a damp sponge or cloth to clean dust collected on a window sill, as the dust may contain asbestos or lead-based paint. Home maintenance is an ongoing process for any homeowner, and here we see an African-American man as he was preparing a window in his home for a general cleaning, while wearing his complement of personal protective equipment (PPE) including gloves, breathing mask, and goggles.", "At a magnification of 267X, this photomicrograph shows an unidentified Gomori-stained tissue specimen harvested from a patient diagnosed with actinomycosis, caused by the bacterium Streptomyces somaliensis. This close-up view of a chronic inflammatory sulfur granule reveals numerous filamentous S. somaliensis mycelia."], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T2_healthcare_9daa97fc631f", "question": {"media": "3ae279fd1d70561a.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"3ae279fd1d70561a.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This historic photograph, captured on May 31, 1957, depicts a group portrait of members of the Communicable Disease Center’s (CDC) Enteric Disease Investigations Unit. The unit members are not identified.", "Transmission electron microscopic image showing the filamentous and curved morphology of an Ebola virus particle. See PHIL 10815 for a digitally-colorized version of this image.", "This 1981 photograph depicted two laboratorians, who were preparing quality control materials to be used in neonatal hyperthyroid screening. To diagnose hyperactivity of the thyroid gland, a blood test is used to measure the level of thyroid hormones in the blood, including thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4).", "Under a magnification of 26661X, this scanning electron microscopic (SEM) image depicted an attached pair of two Gram-negative, non-motile, Acinetobacter baumannii bacteria. Members of the genus Acinetobacter are nonmotile rods, 1.0-1.5µm in diameter, and 1.5-2.5µm in length, becoming spherical during their stationary growth phase. They are widely distributed in nature, and are normal flora on the skin."], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T2_healthcare_46139a0ade7a", "question": {"media": "1f65f5930bee17e9.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"1f65f5930bee17e9.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This image depicted a man cutting a tomato, while a woman was cutting raw chicken on a different cutting board. To avoid cross-contamination of foodborne germs, use separate cutting boards for raw poultry, and ready-to-eat foods.", "This is a reverse view of a Petri dish culture plate that had contained an unidentified growth medium, upon which a large colony of the dermatophytic fungus, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, had been cultivated. The specimen had been harvested from a pig isolate, strain GPG-20. The colony exhibited a characteristic yellow-colored periphery, which took on an orange hue, becoming dark-brown towards its center. See PHIL 22116, for a frontal view of this colonial growth.", "This 1964 image, captured by the creator of the renown Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS), Dr. Alex Langmuir, depicts what was a common method of rice storage in Gujarat, India villages. EIS officers from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), visited India in 1964, during a smallpox outbreak. Largely through the effort of the CDC, and partners including India, the worldwide eradication of smallpox was achieved. In 1980 the WHO declared the global eradication of smallpox due to a worldwide vaccination campaign. The WHO then recommended that all countries cease vaccination.", "This image depicts Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) intern, Maureen Metcalfe, as she was using one of the agency’s transmission electron microscopes (TEM). The microscope’s screen was showing a thin section of the variola virus, revealing some of the ultrastructural features displayed by this pathogenic organism, which is the cause of smallpox."], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T2_healthcare_f1a5933a94ea", "question": {"media": "5e09139a4a4b298c.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"5e09139a4a4b298c.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This image depicted three right forearms, each having received an intracutaneous injection of dirofilaria antigen, prepared from Dirofilaria immitis, and producing the reactions at the site of each wheal. If an erythematous reaction is observed at the reaction site, then a positive result would be indicated.", "This historic photograph, captured in the late 1960s, depicts a mother holding her young child, who exhibits the characteristic maculopapular rash associated with smallpox infection. The image was recorded on the fourth day of the child’s rash. The scene took place in an unspecified area of the town of Fria in the West African country of Guinea.", "This image shows a Petri dish culture plate containing potato dextrose agar inoculated with the fungal organism Pseudallescheria boydii (formerly Petriellidium boydii and Allescheria boydii). The colony exhibits a woolly, off-white surface that typically darkens to gray to smoky brown with age.", "This photomicrograph reveals some of the ultrastructural morphology exhibited by the fungal organism, Fusarium verticillioides, which included filamentous hyphae, and conidiophores topped by clusters of elongated, elliptical conidia. F. verticillioides has been to be a cause of fatal toxicoses of horses and swine, but its effect on humans is unclear."], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T2_healthcare_268d06457fb6", "question": {"media": "2795c4b3a765cbad.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"2795c4b3a765cbad.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This image depicts Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) intern, Maureen Metcalfe, as she was using one of the agency’s transmission electron microscopes (TEM). The microscope’s screen was showing a thin section of the variola virus, revealing some of the ultrastructural features displayed by this pathogenic organism, which is the cause of smallpox.", "This Giemsa-stained, thick film blood smear photomicrograph reveals the presence of an immature, Plasmodium vivax trophozoite (Cntr) .", "This image shows a medial view of the right arm of a 12-year-old female patient, highlighting bony deformities resulting from the genetic disorder melorheostosis, a condition characterized by abnormal cortical bone growth along existing bone. See PHIL 24322 for another view of this patient’s right arm.", "Working in the confines of a ventilated hood, and wearing a blue colored protective bio-hazard suit, this 2014 image depicted Centers for Disease Control and prevention (CDC) microbiologist, Tatiana Travis, as she was in the process of preparing a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test in order to detect drug resistant pathogens. In her right hand she held a mechanized pipette containing a blue solution that she was pipetting into a 96-well plate, which she held in her left hand."], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T2_healthcare_6915a293403a", "question": {"media": "6b5fe0422ca4759e.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"6b5fe0422ca4759e.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This image depicts a close view of a patient’s left palm, revealing the presence an erythematous, blotchy red rash, exhibiting round lesions that had begun to coalesce on the palmar surfaces, including the ventral surface of the fingers. A diagnosis of erythema multiforme was made after a differential study was conducted.", "Magnified 119X, this scanning electron microscopic (SEM) image revealed some of the ultrastructural details of one of the very small flower buds clustered in the center of a white flowering dogwood blossom, Cornus florida. Due to the extremely small size of the centrally located clustered flowers, the larger colored bracts, that are actually modified leaves, which protect the flowers themselves, are also mistaken for flower petals. If you look carefully, you'll notice that the small flower petals come together in a confluence at the bud’s tip, and will burst open at this point when the flower blossoms.", "This Petri dish culture plate contained an unknown growth medium, upon which grew a single colony of the dermatophytic fungal organism, Microsporum canis. This was a typical strain, which gave rise to a wooly textured colony. See PHIL 15472, for a microscopic view of the M. canis microorganism, and 15473, for a view of an atypical variant, which exhibited a glabrous, smooth colonial morphology.", "This 1975 photograph depicted a typical Bangladeshi rural village with its walking path, thatched roofed houses, and pond. This image was part of a series provided by former Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) Officer, Stanley O. Foster, MD, MPH, and captured by Pierre Claquin, MD, BAC, who at the time was a member of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Smallpox Eradication Program. The photographic montage entitled, “The Story of One Smallpox Jeep”, which depicted the travails faced by the Jeep, and its occupants of public health practitioners, as they road through the Bangladesh countryside in an attempt to eradicate smallpox from the country."], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T2_healthcare_d7760dd7922b", "question": {"media": "5fb375a8df330d32.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"5fb375a8df330d32.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This image shows a newborn infant presenting with an embryonal sarcomatous lesion of the right hand. The patient’s axillary lymph nodes tested positive for involvement. The infant underwent an above-elbow amputation followed by treatment with chemotherapeutic agents. At a 2.5-year follow-up, the child was doing well and was considered cured.", "This 1978 photograph depicts a Lockheed C-121D Super Constellation aircraft, used in the dispersal of ultra-low volume (ULV) malathion insecticidal fog, in order to control populations of potential insect disease vectors. This C-121D was having its engines maintained prior to being flown over Puerto Rico. The use of spray planes, and even helicopters, is an excellent way in which an insecticidal fog may be dispersed over, and in close proximity to insect-vector habitats that the insecticide must cover, and with which it must remain in contact in order to kill, or ward off such arboviral hosts.", "This image depicted a frontal view of a Petri dish culture plate, which contained an unidentified growth medium that had been inoculated with the fungal organism Trichophyton persicolor, also referred to as Microsporum persicolor. Note the characteristic folded, cottony texture, and the white colored surface.", "Under 521X magnification, this photomicrograph of a specimen processed using an Actinomyces bovis fluorescent antibody conjugate reveals numerous fluorescent A. bovis organisms."], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T2_healthcare_83e75263e4f6", "question": {"media": "aa51b8b0033aea7e.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"aa51b8b0033aea7e.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This image shows an anterior view of a patient’s face exhibiting manifestations of leprosy caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae. Note the forehead, where a coalesced reactionary macule is present, appearing as thickened skin, along with loss of the eyebrows and resorption of bone at the nasal bridge (saddle nose). See PHIL 27175 for a follow-up view demonstrating regression of the reactionary macule after a 1-year period.", "Captured in 1963, this image shows instructors and attendees of a Communicable Disease Center course entitled “Course #892 – Basic Spectrophotometry,” conducted from November 18 - 22, 1963.", "This image shows a Petri dish culture plate containing potato dextrose agar inoculated with the fungal organism Pseudallescheria boydii (formerly Petriellidium boydii and Allescheria boydii). The colony exhibits a woolly, off-white surface that typically darkens to gray to smoky brown with age.", "Working in the confines of a ventilated hood, and wearing a blue colored protective bio-hazard suit, this 2014 image depicted Centers for Disease Control and prevention (CDC) microbiologist, Tatiana Travis, as she was in the process of preparing a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test in order to detect drug resistant pathogens. In her right hand she held a mechanized pipette containing a blue solution that she was pipetting into a 96-well plate, which she held in her left hand."], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T2_healthcare_c0f87a141484", "question": {"media": "db80222f628e34d8.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"db80222f628e34d8.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This image was captured during a 1977 Segbwema, Sierra Leone Lassa fever investigation. In 1977, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) traveled to Sierra Leone to participate in a Lassa Fever Research Project. The study included general activities in Sierra Leone, at the Kenema Laboratory, and in the town of Segbwema.", "Entitled, “HIV in Uganda”, this image was captured by CDC Audio-Visual Production Specialist, Susy Mercado, with NCHM. The photo depicted a newborn in Kampala, Uganda, receiving an antiviral drug to prevent the mother-to-child transmission of HIV. This photo earned Susy the Second Place award in the 2006 CDC Connects Annual Public Health in Action Photo Contest, in the category of Programs-International.", "This image shows you an earlier educational brochure demonstrating what had been, the proper technique for collecting an acceptable blood spot specimen, from an infant’s heel. One very important change to this illustrated procedure, would reflect the implementation of proper procedural protocols, which would be the inclusion of protective gloves to be worn by the public health technician, in order to protect the technician from possible self-contamination.", "From 1970, this image depicted the buttocks and upper thighs of a 2-year-old Oregonian child, who after having received a smallpox vaccination, sustained what is termed an accidental implantation of the newly-introduced vaccinia virus. Accompanying this phenomenon, the child also developed hand, foot and mouth disease. In this particular view, you are able to see numbers of maculopapular vaccinial lesions on either buttock, as well as the infant’s upper thighs."], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T2_healthcare_a3c3ab5e5913", "question": {"media": "acd58bcd6cf51571.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"acd58bcd6cf51571.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This image was one of many captured by Lt. Cmdr. Gary Brunette, a United States Public Health Service (USPHS) officer, who’d been deployed to the Caribbean nation of Haiti shortly after the country’s massive earthquake in January, 2010. The serene appearance of this Haitian coastal village belied the devastation to which this island nation had been subjected, as evidenced by the number of photographs contained here in the PHIL taken during his deployment. Transported to Haiti by way of the naval vessel, the USS Bataan, Lt. Cmdr. Brunette, along with the rest of the involved USPHS crew, set out in early January 2010, to provide disaster relief support to Operation Unified Response (OUR).", "Magnified 24X, this scanning electron microscopic (SEM) image depicted some of the anatomical relationships found on the ventral surface of this adult figeater beetle’s, Cotinis mutabilis thorax, which is the body region situated between the insect’s head and abdomen. In this particular view, two of the three pairs of legs may be seen emanating adjacent to the prosternal process, which is a anterior extension of the sternum. The insect leg is comprised of a variable number of segments, however, there are usually six which predominate, including the most proximal coxa, followed by the trochanter, femur, tibia, tarsus, and pretarsus, which in the case of this beetle is a claw, well visualized in PHIL 9943, 9944, and 9945.", "This scanning electron microscopic (SEM) image revealed some of the ultrastructural morphology displayed on the ventral surface of a female bedbug, Cimex lectularius. From this view, you can see the insect’s skin piercing mouthparts it uses to obtain its blood meal, as well as a number of its six jointed legs. For a colorized version of this image see PHIL 11739.", "This 1981 digitally-colorized transmission electron microscopic (TEM) image revealed some of the ultrastructural morphology of a number of intact rotavirus, double-shelled particles. See PHIL 273 for a black and white version of this image. The speckled appearance of each capsid is due to the presence of numerous molecular spikes that emanate from the capsid surface of each virion."], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T2_healthcare_0121e3e4f5b3", "question": {"media": "994637676921f774.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"994637676921f774.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This image, captured March 28, 1962, shows Chief of the Parasitology Helminthology Unit Irving G. Kagan, PhD, presenting parasitologist Lois Norman, MSPH, with her meritorious Award for Sustained Superior Performance.", "This image depicts a close superior view of a young boy’s head, highlighting a scalp lesion diagnosed as favus, a form of tinea capitis caused by a dermatophytic fungal organism. The erythematous lesion on the vertex of the scalp is accompanied by alopecia. See PHIL 25114, 25115, and 25117 for additional views of this child’s condition.", "When renovating a home, you should use a damp sponge or cloth to clean dust collected on a window sill, as the dust may contain asbestos or lead-based paint. Home maintenance is an ongoing process for any homeowner, and here we see an African-American man as he was preparing a window in his home for a general cleaning, while wearing his complement of personal protective equipment (PPE) including gloves, breathing mask, and goggles.", "This image was captured during a 1977 Segbwema, Sierra Leone Lassa fever investigation. In 1977, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) traveled to Sierra Leone to participate in a Lassa Fever Research Project. The study included general activities in Sierra Leone, at the Kenema Laboratory, and in the town of Segbwema."], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T2_healthcare_f7dd3ecd256e", "question": {"media": "e7526c5a0c25f090.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"e7526c5a0c25f090.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This is Jeff Koplan, M.D., M.P.H., former Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Director from 1998 - 2002, and Epidemic Intelligence Service Officer (EIS), class of ’72.", "This thin film blood smear photomicrograph, highlighted the presence of two, Plasmodium vivax ring form trophozoites, each of which displayed Schüffner’s dots.", "Viewed from the reverse, these three culture test tubes had contained a growth medium of Sabouraud dextrose agar, which had been inoculated, from left to right, with the dermatophytic fungal organisms, Trichophyton violaceum, T. schoenleinii, and T. rubrum. These cultures had been incubated over a 10-day period, producing colonies that differed in their size, and texture. T. violaceum gave rise to the smallest cream colored colony, T. schoenleinii produced a moderate sized, white colony, and T. rubrum produced the largest colony of the three, with a gray periphery, and white center. Such tests are used by mycologists when attempting to classify, and identify various fungal organisms. See PHIL 15920, for a view of these growing colonies from the front, revealing their textural character.", "This image depicted a right lateral view, of a mounted rodent bot fly, Cuterebra lepivora."], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T2_healthcare_3da05fca868e", "question": {"media": "298635c92be0bcd3.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"298635c92be0bcd3.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This photograph depicts the fourth of six steps (PHIL 5725-5730) to be followed when one dons disposable sterile gloves. To begin the process, the hands had been thoroughly washed with soap and water. At this point of the process, the wearer had placed his right hand into a latex glove, and was pulling the glove up so it fit snugly over the hand. Note that the glove’s sleeve was pulled up, over the cuff of the disposable gown, the ungloved hand only touching the glove’s cuff. Latex, vinyl or nitrile gloves reduce hand contamination, prevent cross-contamination, and protect against infection. Gloves should not restrict movement, must accommodate individuals (i.e., allergies), and meet the requirements of the task to be performed.", "Entitled, “HIV in Uganda”, this image was captured by CDC Audio-Visual Production Specialist, Susy Mercado, with NCHM. The photo depicted a newborn in Kampala, Uganda, receiving an antiviral drug to prevent the mother-to-child transmission of HIV. This photo earned Susy the Second Place award in the 2006 CDC Connects Annual Public Health in Action Photo Contest, in the category of Programs-International.", "Captured in 1961, this historic image depicts two public health field technicians crouched at far right in tall grass within a plague study area near San Francisco, California.", "This photograph depicts the colonial morphology displayed by Gram-negative, Brucella melitensis bacteria, which was grown on a medium of sheep’s blood agar (SBA), for a 72 hour time period, at a temperature of 37°C. See PHIL 12400, for B. melitensis bacteria grown on SBA at the same temperature, but for a lesser time period (48hr), and PHIL 12452, for B. melitensis bacteria grown on SBA at the same temperature, but for one-third the time period (24hr). Brucella spp. bacteria are responsible for causing the disease known as brucellosis."], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T2_healthcare_1bb0129ccfdd", "question": {"media": "6afb6bc8fd40b5b8.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"6afb6bc8fd40b5b8.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This photograph shows you the clinical appearance of a patient’s eyes in a case of trichinosis. The patient presented with periorbital swelling, muscle pain, diarrhea, and eosinophilia, or an increase in the number of eosinophils in the blood, in this case, a white blood cell count with 28% eosinophils.", "Using a Gömöri staining technique, this photomicrograph magnified 100X, depicted histopathologic findings revealed in a case of the mucocutaneous disease, protothecosis. The specimen consisted of a tissue sample that included portions of skin and mucous membrane extracted from a patient’s nasal cavity.", "This image from 1965, depicted a right lateral view of a patient’s right foot, highlighting the pathologic changes manifested in the foot’s soft tissues, due to a case of chromoblastomycosis, a fungal infection caused by a dematiaceous fungal organism, which was not identified here. For a closer view of this condition, see PHIL 23340.", "This is a zip lock Bio-Bag™ (Type B) Environmental Chamber, formerly manufactured by Marion Scientific Corporation, and was more commonly called an anaerobic transporter. Bio-Bag™ (Type B) was a disposable environmental system designed to internally generate and maintain a CO2-enriched environment."], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T2_healthcare_2ac14b605ef2", "question": {"media": "47ae015cf079a296.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"47ae015cf079a296.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This photograph, made available by the National Cancer Institute (NCI), depicts a close view of a dermatology patient’s skin surface, revealing the presence of an asymmetrical, dark-brown pigmented lesion, which was diagnosed as melanoma. Note the lesion’s irregular border, heterogeneous coloration, and relatively large diameter, which included a hypopigmented halo, all features indicative of a possible melanomatous lesion. Use of this image requires acknowledgement that NCI is the image source, as well as the inclusion of the website, www.cancer.gov.", "This image depicted three right forearms, each having received an intracutaneous injection of dirofilaria antigen, prepared from Dirofilaria immitis, and producing the reactions at the site of each wheal. If an erythematous reaction is observed at the reaction site, then a positive result would be indicated.", "This photomicrograph revealed some of the histopathologic changes exhibited in a lung tissue specimen, which had been harvested from a patient with adenocarcinoma of the lung. In this view, you are able to see that there are cancer cells that had migrated into the surrounding venules.", "This 1975 photograph depicts what was a popular Rhodesian, now Zimbabwean hitchhiking spot, which had been visited by two travelers, who were later hospitalized during the country’s Marburg outbreak. Note the man standing on an embankment next to a tree. This is where the two Marburg patients, referred to as Cases #1 and #2, rested during their travels. Both travelers were later treated in a Johannesburg, South African hospital after symptoms of the hemorrhagic fever became evident. This photograph was part of an ongoing Marburg vector investigation, and was taken 3-months after the patients’ travels through Wankie, Rhodesia."], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T2_healthcare_6ca3d64be92d", "question": {"media": "c7b966d08b491bcd.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"c7b966d08b491bcd.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This photomicrograph revealed some of the histopathologic changes exhibited in a lung tissue specimen, which had been harvested from a patient with adenocarcinoma of the lung. In this view, you are able to see that there are cancer cells that had migrated into the surrounding venules.", "Under 521X magnification, this photomicrograph of a specimen processed using an Actinomyces bovis fluorescent antibody conjugate reveals numerous fluorescent A. bovis organisms.", "During his September 16, 2014 visit to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), former President Barack Obama was updated on the steps CDC, and the rest of our government, were taking here and abroad, to fight Ebola globally, and keep the American people safe. At this point in the gathering, standing at the podium, the President was addressing a group of CDC personnel, discussing with the audience the future efforts to be made by the United States, and the World, to combat the West African Ebola epidemic, and his sincere appreciation, for the hard work put forth by CDC staff.", "This is a photograph depicting a resting female, Aedes aegypti adult mosquito. Ae. aegypti is also known as the yellow fever mosquito."], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T2_healthcare_22bae5280727", "question": {"media": "33d049c0248d0e18.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"33d049c0248d0e18.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This photomicrograph reveals some of the ultrastructural morphology exhibited by the fungal organism, Fusarium verticillioides, which included filamentous hyphae, and conidiophores topped by clusters of elongated, elliptical conidia. F. verticillioides has been to be a cause of fatal toxicoses of horses and swine, but its effect on humans is unclear.", "While in a daycare setting, this young boy was playing with a small wooden train set, pushing the little train cars along the grooved wooden track. It is very important for daycare, and school personnel to practice stringent handwashing technique as often as possible, and to include the children in this practice, when appropriate. By doing so, this activity can affect a reduction in the possibility of transferring pathogens between school/daycare attendees.", "Photographed from the front, this Petri dish culture plate had given rise to a single, large colony of the dermatophytic fungus, Microsporum gypseum. This colony exhibited a folded central region, and a powdery surface texture.", "This 1967 historic image depicts a long line of Nigerian townspeople awaiting their smallpox vaccinations during the Smallpox Eradication Campaign, which had taken place in that country, and throughout the World. In the foreground, a nurse can be seen calibrating a Ped-O-Jet® pneumatic injector, to be used as the delivery device to administer the requisite smallpox vaccine."], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T2_healthcare_6345b1a27858", "question": {"media": "0ae41392e808d7a3.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"0ae41392e808d7a3.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["This photomicrograph shows morphological features of an exsheathed second-stage microfilaria.", "This image depicts a right dorsal-oblique view of a puss caterpillar, Megalopyge opercularis, which is an urticating, or hive-producing caterpillar, able to inflict an inflamed rash upon the skin upon contact. Urticating caterpillars produce an irritating urticaria on the human skin when fluid, which is contained within hair-like spines, comes into contact with the skin when one brushes up against these creatures. These caterpillars are actually moth larvae. See PHIL 6303 for a closer view of this species of caterpillar.", "This image depicted a patient’s right foot, as he pulled apart his toes, in order to reveal the interdigital web space, which exhibited a scaly, thickened skin, caused by a dermatophytic fungal infection due to the organism, Trichophyton rubrum. This image was captured before any treatment regime had been implemented.", "This image, depicting a close view of a chimpanzee’s skin surface, revealed pathologic changes that included thickening of the epidermis, scaliness, and drying of the skin, known as acanthosis. This condition was determined to be a case of pinta, due to the bacterium, Treponema carateum."], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T2_healthcare_429ac12267d5", "question": {"media": "e6b62a4458aeffc2.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"e6b62a4458aeffc2.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Under a high magnification of 1000X, this Ziehl-Neelsen-stained mycobacterial culture specimen, revealed numerous acid-fast bacilli.", "This historic image depicted a portrait of attendees to the Malaria Control Training Course for U.S.E.D. Personnel of the Office of Malaria Control in War Areas, MCWA, under the United States Public Health Service, Atlanta, Georgia.", "From the “Illustrated Manual for the Recognition and Diagnosis of Certain Animal Diseases”, published in 1982, by the Mexico-United States Commission for the Prevention of Foot and Mouth Disease, this photograph depicted a close view of an ovine muzzle, revealing encrustations on the muzzle, and around the animal’s nares. This ovine was ill with Rift Valley fever (RVF).", "This image depicted a patient’s right foot, as he pulled apart his toes, in order to reveal the interdigital web space, which exhibited a scaly, thickened skin, caused by a dermatophytic fungal infection due to the organism, Trichophyton rubrum. This image was captured before any treatment regime had been implemented."], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T2_healthcare_cae7a488329b", "question": {"media": "f1a2f918d183f0d5.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"f1a2f918d183f0d5.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Under a magnification of 200X, this photomicrograph revealed the presence of a cleistothecium, of the dermatophytic fungal organism, Gymnoascus dankaliensis, formerly known as Arachniotus flavoluteus, strain O-483.", "This illustration depicts a dorsal view of a spider, a representative member of the class, Arachnida, and the order Araneae, highlighting some of the anatomic features exhibited by these arthropods. Anatomic features displayed by spiders, include a structure that acts as an attachment, or bridge between the arachnid’s cephalothorax and abdominal regions, known as a pedicel, or stalk.", "This photomicrograph shows morphological features of an exsheathed second-stage microfilaria.", "This historic photograph, depicts from left to right, Bill Griggs, Louise Griggs and, former Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Director, William H. Foege, MD, MPH, who held that position from 1977 – 1983. He was an Epidemic Intelligence Service, (EIS) Class of 1962 graduate, as well as the Director of the Global Smallpox Eradication Program from 1970 until 1973, and integral in formulating the strategies for eradicating smallpox from the world's population."], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T2_healthcare_a957878cdb10", "question": {"media": "327e554030824b2f.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"327e554030824b2f.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Under a magnification of 500X, this photomicrograph Gömöri-stained tissue sample, revealed some of the ultrastructural morphology displayed by a mycetoma caused by an Acremonium sp. fungal organism.", "This historic 1965 image, depicts a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) scientist, who was using a microscope to photographically document observations, while examining a flea, Xenopsylla cheopis, during a plague study.", "The man depicted here, was in the process of entering a building on one of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) campuses. He was seated in a wheelchair, and had triggered the mechanized doors to open, by using an easily accessible push button door switch pad.", "This 1962 photograph depicted a hospitalized, bedridden female smallpox patient in Cardiff, Wales during an epidemic. The centrifugally distributed, maculopapular lesions were termed benign discrete variola, and were photographed here on the 10th day post-onset. The facial lesions were mature in nature."], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T2_healthcare_c91e0c7b5026", "question": {"media": "64516a9a001775e4.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"64516a9a001775e4.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Under a magnification of 500X, this photomicrograph depicted what was deemed to be a negative Kamaya test, indicating the presence of Candida albicans yeast cells, but with no associated true mycelium. The Kamaya test uses a diluted solution of Sabouraud broth, i.e., a 1:10 dilution, that is inoculated with the test culture, and incubated at a temperature of 37°C, for a 1-hour time period. The solution is then swabbed on to the surface of a corn meal-agar plate and incubated at a temperature of 37°C, for a 24-hour time period. If yeast cells are detected, which are also in association with true mycelia, then the test would be considered positive, as was the case in PHIL 21227.", "This photomicrograph of an unstained specimen, reveals some of the ultrastructural details exhibited by a Mesocestoides sp. tapeworm proglottid.", "This October 1975 photograph, depicted boat Captain, and driver, Robin Gomes, while he was preparing a meal aboard a UNICEF-8 boat on a Patuakhali District waterway, in the country of Bangladesh. PHIL images 1191, 3258, 5664, and 12290 through 12367, were supplied by Dr. Michael Schwartz, and capture the epidemiologic-related activities undertaken by healthcare providers from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), World Health Organization (WHO), and local Bangladeshi healthcare workers, during their successful attempt to eradicate smallpox.", "This image depicted a man cutting a tomato, while a woman was cutting raw chicken on a different cutting board. To avoid cross-contamination of foodborne germs, use separate cutting boards for raw poultry, and ready-to-eat foods."], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T2_healthcare_24f9a3e6d51e", "question": {"media": "fc473982e8c68949.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"fc473982e8c68949.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Under a magnification of 60X, this photograph depicts a group of mosquito eggs deposited by a female Aedes triseriatus mosquito upon velour paper ovipaddle. Preferential oviposition substrates can be manipulated, influencing where a female mosquito will decide to deposit her eggs. In this case, the egg mass was deposited on a velour paper surface, rather than on a substrate more readily available in her natural environmental habitat.", "Captured in 1961, this historic image depicts two public health field technicians crouched at far right in tall grass within a plague study area near San Francisco, California.", "During Pakistan’s 2014 polio outbreak vaccination campaign, this image was captured, depicting Dr. Sohail Ahmed, a Pakistani Field Epidemiology Training Program (FETP) graduate, checking children for a finger ink mark, indicating that they had received their requisite polio vaccination. The FETP trains workers on the ground to help countries build sustainable capacity for detecting and responding to health threats. The program develops in-country expertise, so that disease outbreaks can be detected locally, and prevented from spreading.", "Under a low-power magnification of 5X of a digital Keyence scope, this photograph depicts the colonial growth displayed by Sterne strain members of the Gram-positive bacterium, Bacillus anthracis, which were cultured on phenylethyl alcohol agar (PEA) medium, for a 24-hour time period, at a temperature of 37°C."], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T2_healthcare_2db6e185a969", "question": {"media": "695df8bf098646ba.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"695df8bf098646ba.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Working in the confines of a ventilated hood, and wearing a blue colored protective bio-hazard suit, this 2014 image depicted Centers for Disease Control and prevention (CDC) microbiologist, Tatiana Travis, as she was in the process of preparing a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test in order to detect drug resistant pathogens. In her right hand she held a mechanized pipette containing a blue solution that she was pipetting into a 96-well plate, which she held in her left hand.", "Under a magnification of 117X, four-times greater than PHIL 10112, this scanning electron microscopic (SEM) image depicted some of the surface details found on one of the four wings on this unidentified hornet discovered in the suburbs of Decatur, Georgia. In this particular view, you’ll note that the wing’s surface is coated with what appears to be numerous hairs, which are known as setae. These setae are composed of the material known as chitin, as is its exoskeleton.", "At low magnification, this photomicrograph shows histopathologic features of an aspergilloma (fungal ball) in a case of aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus species. Densely packed hyphal elements occupy the interior of the lesion, which is surrounded by an inflammatory infiltrate. Image courtesy of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP).", "This historic image, captured in 1978, depicts a Centers for Disease Control (CDC) administrative assistant sorting through a filing cabinet drawer to locate medical records."], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T2_healthcare_6d7ed0ff971e", "question": {"media": "ddbcba6557a38408.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"ddbcba6557a38408.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
diff --git a/release/questions/T2/humanities.jsonl b/release/questions/T2/humanities.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1f25f1f4978696c6be3714ead0eeee462e0a3d5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/questions/T2/humanities.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["# 7from \" Livre second essais de gravjre \" Second book of Engraved Designs, c. 1703. Pierre Bourdon (French). Etching and engraving. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of William Ellery Greene for the Lucy S. Greene Collection, 1963.565", "The Great Spaniard, c. 1857–1911. Alphonse Legros (French, 1837–1911). Drypoint. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. Lewis B. Williams Collection, 1944.376", "The Mosque Doorway, Cairo, 1910. David Young Cameron (British, 1865–1945). Etching and drypoint. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of James Parmelee, 1940.841", "Egypt and Nubia, Volume II: Island of Philae, on the Nile, Nubia, 1847. Louis Haghe (British, 1806–1885), F. G. Moon, 20 Threadneedle Street, London, after David Roberts (Scottish, 1796–1864). Color lithograph; sheet: 40.8 x 43.6 cm (16 1/16 x 17 3/16 in.); image: 25.2 x 35.2 cm (9 15/16 x 13 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of John Bonebrake, 2012.244"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T2_humanities_1ece4c82e23e", "question": {"media": "1858f4155cd86f63.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"1858f4155cd86f63.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Altar Tusk, 18th–19th century. Ìgbèsànmwà (ivory- and wood- carving guild) artists. Ivory. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Klaus G. Perls, 1991, 1991.17.105.", "Knife, Hand, 1st–3rd century. Moche. Copper (cast), gold. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Carol R. Meyer, 1986, 1986.199.", "Woven Fragment, 14th–15th century. Peru; central coast (?). Camelid hair, cotton. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Rogers Fund, 1909, 09.50.1422.", "Cup with Spotted Face Deity, 4th–6th century. Nasca. Ceramic, pigment. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Nathan Cummings, 1964, 64.228.72."], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T2_humanities_756e161df4bc", "question": {"media": "25653a383c17f412.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"25653a383c17f412.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Bacchanal: A Faun Teased by Children, ca. 1616–17. Gian Lorenzo Bernini (Italian, Naples 1598–1680 Rome). Marble. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Purchase, The Annenberg Fund Inc. Gift, Fletcher, Rogers, and Louis V. Bell Funds, and Gift of J. Pierpont Morgan, by exchange, 1976, Bern.ESDA.1976.92.", "Pair of scallop-shell dishes, 1771–73. Jacques-Nicolas Roettiers (1736–1788, master 1765, retired 1777). Silver. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Bequest of Catherine D. Wentworth, 1948, 48.187.386, .387.", "Pillowcase, early 19th century. Banffy-Hunyad. Cotton on linen. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Purchase, 1908, 08.64.5.", "Spoon caddy, 1798–99. T. W., London (ca. 1798–1799). Silver. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Samuel P. Avery, 1897, 97.2.191."], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T2_humanities_2b1fb4bf1d7f", "question": {"media": "b456deb2993940b9.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"b456deb2993940b9.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Boots, 1870s. American. leather. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Miss Genevieve Karr Hamlin, 1942, C.I.42.74.45a, b.", "Wedding veil, ca. 1825. Italian. [no medium available]. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Dr. Lucia E. and John L. Heaton, in memory of Eliza Putnam Heaton, 1919, 19.148.3.", "Coat, 1885–95. probably American. cotton. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Orme Wilson and R. Thornton Wilson, in memory of their mother, Mrs. Caroline Schermerhorn Astor Wilson, 1949, 49.3.53.", "Parasol, 1850–1900. American or European. silk, wood. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Luise S. Davidson, 1975, 1975.76.1."], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T2_humanities_7c0d86b3e24f", "question": {"media": "f698b640b589c04f.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"f698b640b589c04f.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Chest, late 1600s. Spain, Colonial, late 17th Century. Turned and joined wood, gilded and painted red with applied bone columns and bone inlays, wrought iron hardward; overall: 53.5 x 94.5 x 37 cm (21 1/16 x 37 3/16 x 14 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. James C. Gruener, 1990.135.a", "Cover for a Vase, 1749. Meissen Porcelain Factory (German, est. c. 1710). Porcelain mounted in gilt bronze; overall: 37.4 x 32.7 x 21 cm (14 3/4 x 12 7/8 x 8 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1944.229.1.b", "Lapis Lazuli Easter Egg, c. 1885–90. Attributed to Peter Carl Fabergé (Russian, 1846–1920), attributed to House of Fabergé (Russian, 1842–1918). Gold, enamel, lapis lazuli, pearls, diamonds, rubies; overall: 5.9 x 4.5 cm (2 5/16 x 1 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The India Early Minshall Collection, 1966.436.a", "Candelabrum, c. 1800. France, late 18th-early 19th century. Gilt and patinated metal; overall: 49.9 x 25.7 x 12.3 cm (19 5/8 x 10 1/8 x 4 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Mrs. Severance A. Millikin, 1989.170.1"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T2_humanities_72e08d4f4906", "question": {"media": "65eef8d29f83b11a.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"65eef8d29f83b11a.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Conch Shell Trumpet (Davui), late 19th century. Melanesian (Fijian). Shell (Ranella lampas), fiber. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Crosby Brown Collection of Musical Instruments, 1889, 89.4.1823.", "Compartmented stamp seal, ca. late 3rd–early 2nd millennium BCE. Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex. Copper alloy. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Sheldon Lewis Breitbart, 1983, 1983.535.71.", "The Mower, 1881–82. Georges Seurat (French, Paris 1859–1891 Paris). Oil on wood. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Robert Lehman Collection, 1975, 1975.1.206.", "Beads, ca. 9th century BCE. Iran. Stone, bone, shell, faience, Egyptian blue. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Purchase, Mrs. Constantine Sidamon-Eristoff Gift, 1961, 61.100.109."], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T2_humanities_ee903b691101", "question": {"media": "62cd886492d4fcdb.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"62cd886492d4fcdb.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Cream pitcher, 1815–40. American. Blown-molded glass. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Henry G. Schiff, 1980, 1980.502.84.", "Wine Glass, 1860–70. New England Glass Company (American, East Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1818–1888). Pressed glass. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Emily Winthrop Miles, 1946, 46.140.819.", "Tile, ca. 1882–84. J. and J. G. Low Art Tile Works (American, Chelsea, Massachusetts, 1877–1903). Earthenware. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Purchase, Bequest of Adeline R. Brown, by exchange, 1977, 1977.373.15.", "George Washington before the Battle of Trenton, ca. 1792–94. John Trumbull (American, Lebanon, Connecticut 1756–1843 New York). Oil on canvas. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Bequest of Grace Wilkes, 1922, 22.45.9."], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T2_humanities_314888c91f50", "question": {"media": "f5899f19dd3890d5.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"f5899f19dd3890d5.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Dancing Pan, c. 350–500. Egypt, Coptic period. Limestone with traces of red polychromy; overall: 34 x 18.1 cm (13 3/8 x 7 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1955.68", "Hours of Queen Isabella the Catholic, Queen of Spain: Fol. 224v, c. 1500. Master of the First Prayerbook of Maximillian (Flemish, c. 1444–1519), and Associates. Ink, tempera, and gold on vellum; codex: 22.5 x 15.2 cm (8 7/8 x 6 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1963.256.224.b", "Five Pound Piece: George IV (obverse), 1826. Design by Jean Baptiste Merlen (French, 1769–1850). Gold; diameter: 3.8 cm (1 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1969.215.a", "The Gotha Missal: Fol. 94v, Text, c. 1375. Master of the Boqueteaux (French), and Workshop. Ink, tempera, and gold on vellum; blind-tooled leather binding; codex: 27.1 x 19.5 cm (10 11/16 x 7 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1962.287.94.b"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T2_humanities_ef1141c057c2", "question": {"media": "4263fe12854ae9b5.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"4263fe12854ae9b5.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Danny Richardson, 2nd Base, New York, from the Old Judge series (N172) for Old Judge Cigarettes, 1888. Issued by Goodwin & Company. Albumen photograph. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Jefferson R. Burdick Collection, Gift of Jefferson R. Burdick, 63.350.214.172.716.", "Frontispiece, from \"Le Combat a la Barrière\", 1627. Jacques Callot (French, Nancy 1592–1635 Nancy). Etching and engraving; second state of three (Lieure). The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Bequest of Edwin De T. Bechtel, 1957, 57.650.407(1).", "Trade Card for Savell, Copper Plate Printer, 18th century. Anonymous, British, 18th century. Engraving. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Bella C. Landauer, 1926, 26.28.359.", "Reverse Copy of Le Gueux Appuyé sur son Baton (The Beggar Leaning on His Cane), from Les Gueux suite appelée aussi Les Mendiants, Les Baroni, ou Les Barons (The Beggars, also called the Barons), 17th century. Anonymous. Etching. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Harris Brisbane Dick Fund, 1947, 47.100.736."], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T2_humanities_2daeb9ac5b77", "question": {"media": "5ae928ae28b78c8c.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"5ae928ae28b78c8c.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Egypt and Nubia, Volume II: Island of Philae, on the Nile, Nubia, 1847. Louis Haghe (British, 1806–1885), F. G. Moon, 20 Threadneedle Street, London, after David Roberts (Scottish, 1796–1864). Color lithograph; sheet: 40.8 x 43.6 cm (16 1/16 x 17 3/16 in.); image: 25.2 x 35.2 cm (9 15/16 x 13 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of John Bonebrake, 2012.244", "Self-Portrait (10th Plate), c. 1857–1911. Alphonse Legros (French, 1837–1911). Lithograph. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. Lewis B. Williams Collection, 1944.413", "The Assumption of the Virgin, c. 1495. Francesco Rosselli (Italian, 1448-about 1513). Engraving printed on two sheets from two plates. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1949.32.a", "The Horrors of War: The Worst is to Beg, c. 1810–20. Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746–1828). Etching. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dudley P. Allen Fund, 1922.571"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T2_humanities_52b2f4597033", "question": {"media": "8a4360d526ace40f.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"8a4360d526ace40f.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Footbridge Temporarily Replacing the Exchange Bridge,Paris, after the fire of 1621, 1860. Charles Meryon (French, 1821–1868). Etching. The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Milton Curtiss Rose Collection in memory of Evelyn Curtiss Rose, 1954.906", "The Large Miseries of War: Distribution of Recompense, 1633. Jacques Callot (French, 1592–1635). Etching. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Charles W. Harkness Endowment Fund, 1923.277.17", "The Great Spaniard, c. 1857–1911. Alphonse Legros (French, 1837–1911). Drypoint. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. Lewis B. Williams Collection, 1944.376", "The Holy Trinity, 1511. Albrecht Dürer (German, 1471–1528). Woodcut. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the President and Directors of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, 1926.106"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T2_humanities_28131d83b9b3", "question": {"media": "4ec77497062dcabe.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"4ec77497062dcabe.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Hat, ca. 1805. American or European. straw. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. Lee Simonson, 1939, C.I.39.13.265.", "Corset, ca. 1811. American. cotton. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Museum Accession, X.51.4.1.", "Trousers, 1900. American. wool. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Purchase, 1949, C.I.49.49.15.", "Wedding veil, ca. 1825. Italian. [no medium available]. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Dr. Lucia E. and John L. Heaton, in memory of Eliza Putnam Heaton, 1919, 19.148.3."], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T2_humanities_446bb232b2f8", "question": {"media": "8219eb5a6517d3e2.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"8219eb5a6517d3e2.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Jérusalem, Vallée de Josaphat, Tombeau de St. Jacques, 1854. Auguste Salzmann (French, 1824–1872). Salted paper print from paper negative. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gilman Collection, Gift of The Howard Gilman Foundation, 2005, 2005.100.373.45.", "Samurai, Yokohama, 1864–65. Felice Beato (British (born Italy), Venice 1832–1909 Luxor). Albumen silver print from glass negative. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gilman Collection, Purchase, Robert Rosenkranz Gift, 2005, 2005.100.566.", "[Rumi Darwaza, Lucknow, India], 1860s–70s. Unknown. Albumen silver print from glass negative. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Matthew Dontzin, 1985, 1985.1168.40.", "Bois de Pin fossile coupverticale [Petrified Wood (Pine)], 1853–57. Auguste-Adolphe Bertsch (French, 1813–1871). Salted paper print. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Horace W. Goldsmith Foundation Fund, through Joyce and Robert Menschel, 2024, 2024.5.33."], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T2_humanities_f033006aed2a", "question": {"media": "fc9469e420c1f2f0.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"fc9469e420c1f2f0.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Knife, Hand, 1st–3rd century. Moche. Copper (cast), gold. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Carol R. Meyer, 1986, 1986.199.", "Box with Portuguese Horseman, 19th century. Ìgbèsànmwà (ivory- and wood- carving guild) artists. Ivory. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Klaus G. Perls, 1991, 1991.17.64a, b.", "Woven Fragment, 14th–15th century. Peru; central coast (?). Camelid hair, cotton. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Rogers Fund, 1909, 09.50.1422.", "Hammered Silver Miniature Scepter, 8th–mid-16th century. Peru; north coast (?). Copper (?) (hammered), gilt. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Nathan Cummings, 1964, 64.228.636."], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T2_humanities_bd5ffd0c0d1f", "question": {"media": "e769ef6b573879c5.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"e769ef6b573879c5.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Liuxian Pipa (Six-String Pipa) (六弦琵琶), 1800s. China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911). Wood; overall: 100.4 x 31.5 cm (39 1/2 x 12 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Charles G. King Jr. collection; Gift of Ralph King in memory of Charles G. King Jr., 1918.369", "Brush with Carved Design (毛筆), 1573–1619. China, Ming dynasty (1368-1644), Wanli mark and reign (1573-1619). Carved bamboo; overall: 24.2 cm (9 1/2 in.); handle: 21 cm (8 1/4 in.); top: 16.8 cm (6 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Anonymous Gift, 1967.194", "Table Screen with Stand (stand), 1644–1911. China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911). Carved wood; overall: 29.8 x 24.4 cm (11 3/4 x 9 5/8 in.); stand: 18.9 x 27.4 x 13 cm (7 7/16 x 10 13/16 x 5 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Cornelia Blakemore Warner, 1947.679.2.b", "Octafoil Mirror with Two Immortals Crossing the Ocean (渡海二仙菱花鏡), mid-900s–late 1200s. China, Song dynasty (960-1279). Bronze; diameter: 17.6 cm (6 15/16 in.); overall: 1 cm (3/8 in.); rim: 0.6 cm (1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Drs. Thomas and Martha Carter in Honor of Sherman E. Lee, 1995.378"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T2_humanities_bf5241024288", "question": {"media": "d171eed2460895a5.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"d171eed2460895a5.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Manuscript Leaf with Saint Thomas, from a Book of Hours, ca. 1500. Netherlandish. Tempera, ink, and shell gold on parchment. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Friedsam Collection, Bequest of Michael Friedsam, 1931, 32.100.475e.", "Girl in Blue Dress, 1936. Samuel Joseph Brown, Jr. (American, Wilmington, North Carolina 1907–1994 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania). Watercolor on paper. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Pennsylvania W. P. A., 1943, 43.46.13.", "Beads, ca. 9th century BCE. Iran. Stone, bone, shell, faience, Egyptian blue. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Purchase, Mrs. Constantine Sidamon-Eristoff Gift, 1961, 61.100.109.", "Conch Shell Trumpet (Davui), late 19th century. Melanesian (Fijian). Shell (Ranella lampas), fiber. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Crosby Brown Collection of Musical Instruments, 1889, 89.4.1823."], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T2_humanities_1277b22b018c", "question": {"media": "9cef21adaa8a8700.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"9cef21adaa8a8700.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Marble female relief head, 1st–2nd century CE. Roman. Marble. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Fletcher Fund, 1924, 24.97.89.", "Terracotta fragment of an Nicosthenic pyxis (box)?, third quarter of the 6th century BCE. Greek, Attic. Terracotta. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Dietrich von Bothmer, Distinguished Research Curator, Greek and Roman Art, 2011, 2011.604.3.2909.", "Silver skyphos (drinking cup), mid-1st century BCE. Roman. Silver. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Rogers Fund, 1920, 20.49.2.", "Terracotta fragment of a closed shape, late 6th century BCE. Etruscan. Terracotta. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Dietrich von Bothmer, Distinguished Research Curator, Greek and Roman Art, 2011, 2011.604.10.189."], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T2_humanities_bdc184a642d2", "question": {"media": "5574525e1a1be573.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"5574525e1a1be573.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Mukisi Mupasi (ancestor figure), mid-19th century. Tabwa artist. Wood, glass beads, cord. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Michael C. Rockefeller Memorial Collection, Purchase, Nelson A. Rockefeller Gift, 1969, 1978.412.592.", "Hammered Silver Miniature Scepter, 8th–mid-16th century. Peru; north coast (?). Copper (?) (hammered), gilt. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Nathan Cummings, 1964, 64.228.636.", "Cup with Spotted Face Deity, 4th–6th century. Nasca. Ceramic, pigment. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Nathan Cummings, 1964, 64.228.72.", "Standing Ceramic Figure, 3rd–5th century. Moche. Ceramic. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Nathan Cummings, 1965, 65.266.15."], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T2_humanities_e712ee1fa157", "question": {"media": "24337caa0f42f155.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"24337caa0f42f155.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Mukisi Mupasi (ancestor figure), mid-19th century. Tabwa artist. Wood, glass beads, cord. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Michael C. Rockefeller Memorial Collection, Purchase, Nelson A. Rockefeller Gift, 1969, 1978.412.592.", "Knife, Hand, 1st–3rd century. Moche. Copper (cast), gold. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Carol R. Meyer, 1986, 1986.199.", "Hammered Silver Miniature Scepter, 8th–mid-16th century. Peru; north coast (?). Copper (?) (hammered), gilt. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Nathan Cummings, 1964, 64.228.636.", "Mask, ca. 1825. Tlingit. Wood, paint. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Michael C. Rockefeller Memorial Collection, Purchase, Mrs. Gertrud A. Mellon Gift, 1966, 1978.412.148."], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T2_humanities_83ee19aaf9a5", "question": {"media": "fa042035f58c4588.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"fa042035f58c4588.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Pair of Sword-Grip Ornaments (Menuki), 18th century. Japanese. Gold. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Purchase, Joseph Pulitzer Bequest, 1938, 38.55.63a, b.", "Sword in 15th Century Gothic Style, 19th century. European, possibly French. Steel, bronze, silver, enamel, leather. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of William H. Riggs, 1913, 14.25.1882.", "Arrowhead (Yanone), 18th century. Japanese. Steel. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Collection of Giovanni P. Morosini, presented by his daughter Giulia, 1932, 32.75.381.", "Cabasset, ca. 1570. Italian, Milan. Steel, gold, brass, leather, velvet. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Rogers Fund, 1904, 04.3.203."], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T2_humanities_4438e0afa7ee", "question": {"media": "6c72c9885fbb29d1.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"6c72c9885fbb29d1.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Petain Medal, 1922. Èmile Séraphin Vernier (French, 1852–1927). Bronze; diameter: 6.9 cm (2 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Lawrence Hitchcock, 1923.419", "Bowl: Bust of Paul, c. 1535. Italy. Tin-glazed earthenware with gold and red lustre (maiolica); diameter: 25.4 cm (10 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of John L. Severance, 1942.628", "Sugar Bowl (Sucrier), 1745–48. Sèvres Porcelain Factory (French, est. 1756), Vincennes Porcelain Factory (France, 1740–56). Soft-paste porcelain with enamel decoration; part 1: 8.1 x 16.2 cm (3 3/16 x 6 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1944.225.a", "Candelabrum, c. 1800. France, late 18th-early 19th century. Gilt and patinated metal; overall: 49.9 x 25.7 x 12.3 cm (19 5/8 x 10 1/8 x 4 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Mrs. Severance A. Millikin, 1989.170.1"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T2_humanities_6a8e336404da", "question": {"media": "b399b1e28d808558.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"b399b1e28d808558.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Reverse Copy of Le Gueux Appuyé sur son Baton (The Beggar Leaning on His Cane), from Les Gueux suite appelée aussi Les Mendiants, Les Baroni, ou Les Barons (The Beggars, also called the Barons), 17th century. Anonymous. Etching. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Harris Brisbane Dick Fund, 1947, 47.100.736.", "The Bride Taken Home, 1633. Abraham Bosse (French, Tours 1602/04–1676 Paris). Etching. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Harris Brisbane Dick Fund, 1926, 26.49.39.", "Axel Paulsen, Champion Skater of the World, from the Champions of Games and Sports series (N184, Type 2) issued by W.S. Kimball & Co., 1887. Issued by W.S. Kimball & Co. Commercial color lithograph. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Jefferson R. Burdick Collection, Gift of Jefferson R. Burdick, 63.350.216.184.41.", "Le Gascon puni, from \"Contes et nouvelles en vers par Jean de La Fontaine. A Paris, de l'imprimerie de P. Didot, l'an III de la République, 1795\", 1795. Louis Michel Halbou (French, 1730–1809 Paris). Etching; first state of three (Cohen). The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Harris Brisbane Dick Fund, 1933, 33.104.28."], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T2_humanities_5f316630109a", "question": {"media": "dea4f3b16352006d.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"dea4f3b16352006d.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Sally Avery Olds, 1837. Jeptha Homer Wade (American, 1811–1890). Oil on canvas; unframed: 73.3 x 61 cm (28 7/8 x 24 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Seventy-fifth anniversary gift of Jeptha H. Wade III, 1991.134.1", "Cross-bow Fibula, c. 1–200 CE. Italy, Roman. Bronze; overall: 9.5 cm (3 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Eugene Robison Miles, 1970.85", "Statuette of Neith, 305–30 BCE. Egypt, Greco-Roman period (332 BCE–395 CE), Ptolemaic dynasty (305–30 BCE). Bronze, solid cast; overall: 18 x 3.5 x 6.5 cm (7 1/16 x 1 3/8 x 2 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of John L. Severance, 1942.775", "Flowers in a Glass, 1606. Ambrosius Bosschaert (Dutch, 1573–1621). Oil on copper; framed: 60.3 x 52.8 x 6.4 cm (23 3/4 x 20 13/16 x 2 1/2 in.); unframed: 35.6 x 29.3 cm (14 x 11 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Carrie Moss Halle in memory of Salmon Portland Halle, 1960.108"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T2_humanities_d647e97697a6", "question": {"media": "c7801629946461fb.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"c7801629946461fb.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Samurai, Yokohama, 1864–65. Felice Beato (British (born Italy), Venice 1832–1909 Luxor). Albumen silver print from glass negative. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gilman Collection, Purchase, Robert Rosenkranz Gift, 2005, 2005.100.566.", "[Rumi Darwaza, Lucknow, India], 1860s–70s. Unknown. Albumen silver print from glass negative. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Matthew Dontzin, 1985, 1985.1168.40.", "Bois de Pin fossile coupverticale [Petrified Wood (Pine)], 1853–57. Auguste-Adolphe Bertsch (French, 1813–1871). Salted paper print. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Horace W. Goldsmith Foundation Fund, through Joyce and Robert Menschel, 2024, 2024.5.33.", "Jérusalem, Vallée de Josaphat, Tombeau de St. Jacques, 1854. Auguste Salzmann (French, 1824–1872). Salted paper print from paper negative. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gilman Collection, Gift of The Howard Gilman Foundation, 2005, 2005.100.373.45."], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T2_humanities_3fc7258c3e12", "question": {"media": "c57e468da3421c91.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"c57e468da3421c91.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Self-Portrait (10th Plate), c. 1857–1911. Alphonse Legros (French, 1837–1911). Lithograph. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. Lewis B. Williams Collection, 1944.413", "The Mosque Doorway, Cairo, 1910. David Young Cameron (British, 1865–1945). Etching and drypoint. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of James Parmelee, 1940.841", "The Square, 1878. Otto H. Bacher (American, 1856–1909). Etching. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Mary H. Bacher, New York, 1915.424", "The Holy Trinity, 1511. Albrecht Dürer (German, 1471–1528). Woodcut. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the President and Directors of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, 1926.106"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T2_humanities_bb72c04ceed2", "question": {"media": "bec7db3d231b4f56.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"bec7db3d231b4f56.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Self-Portrait, c. 1925. Pierre Louis Gatier (French, 1878–1944). Etching. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of The Print Club of Cleveland, 1925.976", "View at Villa d'Este, Tivoli, 1817. Claude Thiénon (French, 1772–1846). Lithograph. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Twenty-fifth anniversary gift, Mr. and Mrs. Lewis B. Williams Collection, 1941.261", "The Great Spaniard, c. 1857–1911. Alphonse Legros (French, 1837–1911). Drypoint. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. Lewis B. Williams Collection, 1944.376", "The Large Miseries of War: Distribution of Recompense, 1633. Jacques Callot (French, 1592–1635). Etching. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Charles W. Harkness Endowment Fund, 1923.277.17"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T2_humanities_e0cadf6e7448", "question": {"media": "2a557f8f75bfb516.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"2a557f8f75bfb516.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Shiva and Parvati, 800s. East India, Bengal, Pala period, 9th Century. Bronze; overall: 17.8 cm (7 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1964.50", "Text page from a Mirror of Holiness (Mir’at al-quds) of Father Jerome Xavier, 1602. Mughal India, Allahabad, made for Prince Salim (1569–1627). Ink and gold on paper. The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 2005.145.131.a", "Rama and Lakshmana slay the demon giant Viradha, from Chapters 2 through 4 of the Aranya Kanda (Book of the Forest) of a Ramayana (Rama’s Journey), c. 1770. Central India, Bundelkhand Region, Madhya Pradesh, Rajput Kingdom of Datia. Gum tempera and gold on paper; overall: 21 x 29.8 cm (8 1/4 x 11 3/4 in.); painting: 19 x 28 cm (7 1/2 x 11 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2018.122", "Stenciled Scenes of Lion and Gazelle (verso), c. 1710. Mughal India. Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper; page: 43 x 28.9 cm (16 15/16 x 11 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift in honor of Madeline Neves Clapp; Gift of Mrs. Henry White Cannon by exchange; Bequest of Louise T. Cooper; Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund; From the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection, 2013.337.b"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T2_humanities_26c2b61ef02c", "question": {"media": "4b9b898b442d618c.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"4b9b898b442d618c.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Sita asks Rama to fetch the golden deer, from the “Shangri” Ramayana, c. 1700–1725. Northern India, Pahari kingdoms, Himachal Pradesh. Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper; page: 21.2 x 31.5 cm (8 3/8 x 12 3/8 in.); painting: 18.2 x 28.2 cm (7 3/16 x 11 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Sundry Art - Miscellaneous Fund, 2025.7", "Page from Tales of a Parrot (Tuti-nama): text page, c. 1560. Mughal India, court of Akbar (reigned 1556–1605). Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper; overall: 20.3 x 14 cm (8 x 5 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. A. Dean Perry, 1962.279.191.b", "Shiva and Parvati, 800s. East India, Bengal, Pala period, 9th Century. Bronze; overall: 17.8 cm (7 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1964.50", "Bottom cover from a Kammavacha: Buddhist Ordination Text, 1800s. Myanmar (Burma). Cover: lacquer, gilding, and glass appliqué on wood; cover: 13 x 57.2 x 0.9 cm (5 1/8 x 22 1/2 x 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Edward L. Whittemore Fund, 1945.172.b"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T2_humanities_bb28c3158e91", "question": {"media": "c9cb64015a40862e.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"c9cb64015a40862e.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Sketchbook, page 152 & 153: View of the Sea with color notations , 1905–10. Maurice Prendergast (American, born Newfoundland [now Canada], 1858–1924). Graphite; sheet: 18.8 x 11.5 cm (7 3/8 x 4 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Charles E. Prendergast, 1951.423.nnn", "The Three Theological Virtures: Faith, Hope, and Charity, Surrounded by the Four Evangelists, before 1634. Pieter I de Jode (Flemish, 1570–1634). Pen and ink, brush and wash over chalk with indications of transfer; sheet: 20.3 x 27.3 cm (8 x 10 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 2024.75", "Standing Male Figure, c. 1610/13. Ludovico Cardi Cigoli (Italian, 1559–1613). Brush and brown ink, heightened with white paint; framing lines in brown ink; sheet: 40.2 x 27.7 cm (15 13/16 x 10 7/8 in.); secondary support: 52 x 38.5 cm (20 1/2 x 15 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Charles W. Harkness Endowment Fund, 1929.555", "A Squirrel and a Crow, 1913. Arthur Rackham (British, 1867–1939). Ink and graphite; sheet: 27.7 x 22.1 cm (10 7/8 x 8 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Don Hunter, 1954.653"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T2_humanities_4227b89b4126", "question": {"media": "437562ca8ff51d01.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"437562ca8ff51d01.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Spoon caddy, 1798–99. T. W., London (ca. 1798–1799). Silver. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Samuel P. Avery, 1897, 97.2.191.", "Pillowcase, early 19th century. Banffy-Hunyad. Cotton on linen. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Purchase, 1908, 08.64.5.", "Pair of scallop-shell dishes, 1771–73. Jacques-Nicolas Roettiers (1736–1788, master 1765, retired 1777). Silver. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Bequest of Catherine D. Wentworth, 1948, 48.187.386, .387.", "Snuffbox, ca. 1780. F. M., Switzerland. Gold. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Bequest of Catherine D. Wentworth, 1948, 48.187.469."], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T2_humanities_7f55fde24386", "question": {"media": "52203b7a61a614f7.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"52203b7a61a614f7.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["St. Jean de Lateran, Rome, c. 1860. Attributed to Tommaso Cuccioni (Italian, 1864). Albumen print from collodion negative; image: 22.7 x 30.8 cm (8 15/16 x 12 1/8 in.); mounted: 31.2 x 45.8 cm (12 5/16 x 18 1/16 in.); paper: 22.7 x 30.8 cm (8 15/16 x 12 1/8 in.); matted: 40.6 x 50.8 cm (16 x 20 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Michael Mattis and Judith Hochberg, 2012.438", "Architect with his drawings, c. 1850. America. Daguerreotype, sixth plate; overall: 8.3 x 7 cm (3 1/4 x 2 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Michael Mattis and Judith Hochberg, 2021.75", "Captain Falkner's Bungalow, Neemuch (recto, top); Col. Carpendale and family, Neemuch (recto, bottom); Major Creagh's home, Mhon (verso), c. 1882–87. Raja Deen Dayal (Indian, 1844–1905). Albumen print; image: 12.8 x 19.5 cm (5 1/16 x 7 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 2023.121.3", "View from the Lawn, Dennicanniby, 1870s. Vernon Heath (British, 1819–1895). Carbon print; image: 58.5 x 72.5 cm (23 1/16 x 28 9/16 in.); matted: 81.3 x 96.5 cm (32 x 38 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 2000.85"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T2_humanities_e79a7e2c9ae3", "question": {"media": "72aff6beb54d7f97.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"72aff6beb54d7f97.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Stone votive relief of an eye, 4th–3rd century BCE. Cypriot. Liimestone. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Cesnola Collection, Purchased by subscription, 1874–76, 74.51.5170.", "Terracotta relief probably from a funnel vase, late 3rd–early 2nd century BCE. Greek, South Italian, Apulian, Canosan. Terracotta. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Rogers Fund, 1912, 12.232.10.", "Terracotta fragment of a kylix (drinking cup), first half of the 5th century BCE. Greek, Attic. Terracotta. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Dietrich von Bothmer, Distinguished Research Curator, Greek and Roman Art, 2011, 2011.604.1.4062.", "Terracotta hydria: kalpis (water jar), ca. 430 BCE. Attributed to the manner of the Shuvalov Painter. Terracotta. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Purchase, Sarah Campbell Blaffer Foundation and Schimmel Foundation Inc. Gifts, 1984, 1984.11.1."], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T2_humanities_5844cc817c35", "question": {"media": "164132faf514239b.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"164132faf514239b.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Stone votive relief of an eye, 4th–3rd century BCE. Cypriot. Liimestone. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Cesnola Collection, Purchased by subscription, 1874–76, 74.51.5170.", "Terracotta rim fragment of a kylix (drinking cup), late 6th/early 5th century BCE. Greek, Attic. Terracotta. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Dietrich von Bothmer, Distinguished Research Curator, Greek and Roman Art, 2011, 2011.604.1.1959.", "Silver skyphos (drinking cup), mid-1st century BCE. Roman. Silver. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Rogers Fund, 1920, 20.49.2.", "Terracotta hydria: kalpis (water jar), ca. 430 BCE. Attributed to the manner of the Shuvalov Painter. Terracotta. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Purchase, Sarah Campbell Blaffer Foundation and Schimmel Foundation Inc. Gifts, 1984, 1984.11.1."], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T2_humanities_49a97995c107", "question": {"media": "c900d0e231a8e423.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"c900d0e231a8e423.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Teatro delle Nobili et Virtuose Donne..., page 33 (recto), 1616. Isabella Catanea Parasole (Italian, ca. 1565/70–ca. 1625). Woodcut, engraving. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Rogers Fund, 1919, 19.51(33).", "Danny Richardson, 2nd Base, New York, from the Old Judge series (N172) for Old Judge Cigarettes, 1888. Issued by Goodwin & Company. Albumen photograph. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Jefferson R. Burdick Collection, Gift of Jefferson R. Burdick, 63.350.214.172.716.", "Title Page with Design for a Pendant, from \"Omnis Generis Instrumenta Bellica\", ca. 1600. Paul Birckenhultz (1561–1639). Engraving. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Elisha Whittelsey Collection, The Elisha Whittelsey Fund, 1956, 56.500.81(1).", "Card 290, from the Actors and Actresses series (N45, Type 4) for Virginia Brights Cigarettes, ca. 1888. Issued by Allen & Ginter (American, Richmond, Virginia). Albumen photograph. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Jefferson R. Burdick Collection, Gift of Jefferson R. Burdick, 63.350.203.45.818."], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T2_humanities_ded794b0ba65", "question": {"media": "aa6d8016f3fd5c1c.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"aa6d8016f3fd5c1c.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Terracotta fragment of a closed shape, late 6th century BCE. Etruscan. Terracotta. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Dietrich von Bothmer, Distinguished Research Curator, Greek and Roman Art, 2011, 2011.604.10.189.", "Marble portrait bust of a man, ca. 110–120 CE. Roman. Marble. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Rogers Fund, 1910, 10.231.2.", "Terracotta relief probably from a funnel vase, late 3rd–early 2nd century BCE. Greek, South Italian, Apulian, Canosan. Terracotta. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Rogers Fund, 1912, 12.232.10.", "Terracotta rim fragment of a kylix (drinking cup), 460–450 BCE. Greek, Attic. Terracotta. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Dietrich von Bothmer, Distinguished Research Curator, Greek and Roman Art, 2011, 2011.604.1.7721."], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T2_humanities_79b26d0409fe", "question": {"media": "40166b023fafb41a.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"40166b023fafb41a.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Terracotta fragment of a closed shape, late 6th century BCE. Etruscan. Terracotta. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Dietrich von Bothmer, Distinguished Research Curator, Greek and Roman Art, 2011, 2011.604.10.189.", "Terracotta fragment of a kylix (drinking cup), 520–500 BCE. Greek, Attic. Terracotta. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Dietrich von Bothmer, Distinguished Research Curator, Greek and Roman Art, 2011, 2011.604.1.5356.", "Limestone saucer lamp, 5th century BCE ?. Cypriot. Limestone. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Cesnola Collection, Purchased by subscription, 1874–76, 74.51.5144.", "Stone votive relief of an eye, 4th–3rd century BCE. Cypriot. Liimestone. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Cesnola Collection, Purchased by subscription, 1874–76, 74.51.5170."], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T2_humanities_eb479cdac62c", "question": {"media": "5296b20bbda0eb13.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"5296b20bbda0eb13.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The Jig, c. 1866. William Sidney Mount (American, 1807–1868). Graphite. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Hinman B. Hurlbut Collection, 1946.1706", "Sketchbook, page 152 & 153: View of the Sea with color notations , 1905–10. Maurice Prendergast (American, born Newfoundland [now Canada], 1858–1924). Graphite; sheet: 18.8 x 11.5 cm (7 3/8 x 4 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Charles E. Prendergast, 1951.423.nnn", "A Squirrel and a Crow, 1913. Arthur Rackham (British, 1867–1939). Ink and graphite; sheet: 27.7 x 22.1 cm (10 7/8 x 8 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Don Hunter, 1954.653", "Allegory, 1818. Charles Abraham Chasselat (French, 1782–1843). Pen and black ink and brush and brown wash, heightened with white gouache; framing lines in black ink; sheet: 15.3 x 9.7 cm (6 x 3 13/16 in.); image: 14.3 x 9.1 cm (5 5/8 x 3 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Henry H. Hawley, 1982.366"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T2_humanities_051409ee7d1f", "question": {"media": "8e839b2df87974ae.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"8e839b2df87974ae.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The Lime-burner, 1851. James McNeill Whistler (American, 1834–1903). Etching. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Howard M. Hanna, 1946.172", "The Assumption of the Virgin, c. 1495. Francesco Rosselli (Italian, 1448-about 1513). Engraving printed on two sheets from two plates. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1949.32.a", "The Horrors of War: The Worst is to Beg, c. 1810–20. Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746–1828). Etching. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dudley P. Allen Fund, 1922.571", "# 7from \" Livre second essais de gravjre \" Second book of Engraved Designs, c. 1703. Pierre Bourdon (French). Etching and engraving. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of William Ellery Greene for the Lucy S. Greene Collection, 1963.565"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T2_humanities_4e8d30da0154", "question": {"media": "2824bd9e958c8802.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"2824bd9e958c8802.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The Print Collector, c. 1902–41. Auguste Brouet (French, 1872–1941). Etching and aquatint; sheet: 18.4 x 15 cm (7 1/4 x 5 7/8 in.); platemark: 10 x 7.5 cm (3 15/16 x 2 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Carole W. and Charles B. Rosenblatt, 1999.290", "The Mosque Doorway, Cairo, 1910. David Young Cameron (British, 1865–1945). Etching and drypoint. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of James Parmelee, 1940.841", "The Great Spaniard, c. 1857–1911. Alphonse Legros (French, 1837–1911). Drypoint. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. Lewis B. Williams Collection, 1944.376", "Footbridge Temporarily Replacing the Exchange Bridge,Paris, after the fire of 1621, 1860. Charles Meryon (French, 1821–1868). Etching. The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Milton Curtiss Rose Collection in memory of Evelyn Curtiss Rose, 1954.906"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T2_humanities_a393557e54ba", "question": {"media": "1535522a18350e79.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"1535522a18350e79.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Wine Glass, 1860–70. New England Glass Company (American, East Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1818–1888). Pressed glass. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Emily Winthrop Miles, 1946, 46.140.819.", "Windowpane, 18th century. American. Free-blown green glass. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Rogers Fund, 1910, 10.60.2.", "Footed Bowl, 1850–70. American. Pressed glass. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Emily Winthrop Miles, 1946, 46.140.5.", "George Washington before the Battle of Trenton, ca. 1792–94. John Trumbull (American, Lebanon, Connecticut 1756–1843 New York). Oil on canvas. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Bequest of Grace Wilkes, 1922, 22.45.9."], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T2_humanities_9ee19a2b4c18", "question": {"media": "2f47605dd1971f63.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"2f47605dd1971f63.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
diff --git a/release/questions/T2/law.jsonl b/release/questions/T2/law.jsonl
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+++ b/release/questions/T2/law.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["2000 Presidential election recount on the steps at the Supreme Court", "by Unidentified after James E. Taylor Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper Wood engraving, black and white, 1868-05-23 Image with text measurement Height: 9.625 inches (24.4475 cm) Width: 14.25 inches (36.195 cm) Cat. no. 38.00365.001 The Andrew Johnson impeachment trial began on March 30, 1868, and lasted almost two months. The illustrated papers sent scores of \"special artists \" to Washington, D.C., to keep the public informed of these historic proceedings. Aside from being one of the most dramatic events in Senate history, the trial was the focus of the city’s social season. Only holders of numbered and dated tickets could enter the Senate galleries. Harper’s Weekly reported that \"the most lovely as well as the most distinguished ladies of Washington have been in daily attendance. \"[1]1 Police officers were stationed at the doors to hold back the crowd, which was \"continually asking questions, making appeals, and muttering threats. \" On May 6, when Representative John Bingham finished summarizing the prosecution’s case, spectators caused such an uproar that the sergeant at arms was forced to clear the galleries. As reported in Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper, \"the clapping of hands, the waving of handkerchiefs, the tumult of -excited approbation, presented a scene not often associated with the history of parliamentary proceedings. \"", "Article IX vote from impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson", "Andrew Johnson impeachment trial Senate floor ticket (March 13, 1868)"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T2_law_5b103464d01b", "question": {"media": "002433c40465c832.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"002433c40465c832.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["A southbound Red line TRAX train to Daybreak at Courthouse Station in downtown Salt Lake City", "Courtroom in the Arkansas County Northern District Courthouse", "U.S. Post Office and Courthouse Plaque, Albany, Dougherty County, Georgia", "The Diana E. Murphy United States Courthouse, the federal court house for the U.S. District of Minnesota, in downtown Minneapolis, Minnesota."], "persona": "law", "qid": "T2_law_be24986b6060", "question": {"media": "fb70bd0ef7e7b03b.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"fb70bd0ef7e7b03b.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["A southbound Red line TRAX train to Daybreak at Courthouse Station in downtown Salt Lake City", "Looking northeast from Old Ferry Road across Tillary Street at new Federal courthouse on a sunny midday. See File:Bklyn Fed Court Boerum Tillary jeh.JPG for a rosier look.", "Glenda Hatchett outside the courthouse at the end of day 4 of jury deliberations in the trial of officer Jeronimo Yanez in the shooting death of Philando Castile on July 6, 2016.", "International Court of Justice hearing in the case of \"Application of the Interim Accord of 13 September 1995 (the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia v. Greece)\""], "persona": "law", "qid": "T2_law_9e4e3c6cfe89", "question": {"media": "257c5d3053f92ad7.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description serves as the authoritative description of the image \"257c5d3053f92ad7.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Allysza Castile (Philando's sister) speaking outside the Ramsey County Courthouse in St Paul, MN after a not guilty verdict was reached in the trial of Officer Jeronimo Yanez for the killing of Philando Castile on July 6, 2016.", "U.S. Post Office and Courthouse, 337 Broad Ave. Albany", "Thomas Eagleton courthouse from the west", "The Old Federal Court House (U.S. Court House) in Seattle, 1010 Fifth Avenue, Seattle, Washington, USA, undergoing renovations/restoration in 2007. The building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, ID #80004003. Designed by Stanley Underwood and Louis A. Simon. Seen here from the Seattle Central Library."], "persona": "law", "qid": "T2_law_d6c1e09f3ff8", "question": {"media": "f43ffd685dce77a2.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"f43ffd685dce77a2.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Audiencia Pública Caso San Miguel Sosa y otras Vs. Venezuela", "Allysza Castile (Philando's sister) speaking outside the Ramsey County Courthouse in St Paul, MN after a not guilty verdict was reached in the trial of Officer Jeronimo Yanez for the killing of Philando Castile on July 6, 2016.", "14 12 31 Federal Courthouse Sign Alexandria VA", "U.S. Post Office and Court House (1938) Completed in 1938. Supervising Architect: Louis A. Simon The U.S. District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin met here until 2000. Now the Federal Building Lofts."], "persona": "law", "qid": "T2_law_2ce0122f6d6e", "question": {"media": "cdc58d13f5d32109.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"cdc58d13f5d32109.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Comprehensive view of the Rush Hudson Limbaugh, Sr. United States Courthouse, located at 555 Independence Street in Cape Girardeau, Missouri, United States. It was built in 2008.", "Robert T. Matsui United States Courthouse", "Prof. Salo Wittmayer Baron testifying at Adolf Eichmann's trial in Jerusalem, 1961", "Variable light levels and multiple light sources contribute to the historic character and elegance of this early 20th century courtroom."], "persona": "law", "qid": "T2_law_7084e62c5f4d", "question": {"media": "dd9a080223ec5b05.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"dd9a080223ec5b05.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Court 1 in the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. Detail of the lights.", "Paul Neumann Making His Address On The Behalf Of The Ex-Queen At Her Trial In The Palace – Newspaper illustration of Liliuokalani's public trial by a military tribunal in 1895 in the former throne room of the Iolani Palace.", "Hugo L Black United States Courthouse in Birmingham, AL", "Norma McCorvey (Jane Roe) and her lawyer Gloria Allred on the steps of the Supreme Court, 1989"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T2_law_083ce988775f", "question": {"media": "a5a093bcd4cac43f.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"a5a093bcd4cac43f.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Courtroom sketch by Marguerite Martyn of women spectators at trial of Dora Doxey, printed in St. Louis Post-Dispatch on June 2, 1910", "Drawing of four defense lawyers created during the Trial of German Major War Criminals at Nuremberg", "Joachim von Ribbentrop (sitting), former Foreign Minister, and Baldur von Schirach (standing), former leader of the Hitler Youth, during a recess at the International Military Tribunal trial of war criminals at Nuremberg. Date: Nov 20, 1945 - Oct 1, 1946 Locale: Nuremberg, [Bavaria] Germany", "Federal Courthouse, W Broad Ave., Albany, Dougherty County, Georgia"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T2_law_8651b6390e6e", "question": {"media": "f4f346723d9fecd7.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"f4f346723d9fecd7.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Description: William Jennings Bryan (seated at left) being interrogated by Clarence Seward Darrow, during the trial of the State of Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes, July 20, 1925. That Monday afternoon, because of the extreme heat, Judge Raulston moved court proceedings outdoors. The session was held on a platform that had been erected at the front of the Rhea County Courthouse to accommodate ministers who wanted to preach during the time of the trial. Defense lawyers for Scopes (John R. Neal, Arthur Garfield Hays, and Dudley Field Malone) are visible seated to the extreme right. One of the men at left, with his back to the photographer, appears to be Scopes. The court reporters are seated at the table. Creator/Photographer: Watson Davis Medium: Black and white photographic print Dimensions: 3 in x 4.25 in Culture: American Geography: USA Date: 1925 Persistent URL: photography.si.edu/SearchImage.aspx?id=5269 Repository: Smithsonian Institution Archives Collection: Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes Trial Photographs - During 1925, Watson Davis (1896-1967), Science Service managing editor, took numerous photographs while covering the State of Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes trial as a reporter. In what was dubbed \"The Trial of the Century,\" Scopes was tried and convicted for violating a state law prohibiting the teaching of the theory of evolution. William Jennings Bryan served on the prosecution team, and Clarence Darrow defended Scopes. Almost eighty years later, the nitrate negatives, including portraits of trial participants, and images from the trial itself and significant places in Dayton, were discovered in archival material donated to the Smithsonian by Science Service in 1971. Marcel C. LaFollette, an independent scholar, historian and Smithsonian volunteer uncovered these rare, previously unpublished photographs of the 1925 Tennessee vs. John Scopes \"Monkey Trial\" in the Smithsonian Institution Archives (SIA). In 2005, SIA restored fifty-two of the negatives with funds granted by the Smithsonian Women's Committee. Included here are thirty-nine of the images. All images belong to the Record Unit 7091: Science Service, Records, 1902-1965 collection of SIA. All photographs were taken by Watson Davis, Managing Editor of Science Service, while he was in Dayton, Tennessee, June 4-5, 1925, and July 10-22, 1925. LaFollette identified and dated each of these images, and has published a new book highlighting these and other images from the trial entitled, Reframing Scopes: Journalists, Scientists, and Lost Photographs from the Trial of the Century, University Press of Kansas, 2008. Accession number: SIA2007-0124", "Authority of Law (1935, James Earle Fraser) is a marble sculpture at the entrance of the United States Supreme Court Building in Washington, D.C.", "Carl B. Stokes United States Courthouse, Cleveland, OH", "Drawing of four defense lawyers created during the Trial of German Major War Criminals at Nuremberg"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T2_law_71e2c452f040", "question": {"media": "38174c8535a05e9f.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"38174c8535a05e9f.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Drawing of four defense lawyers created during the Trial of German Major War Criminals at Nuremberg", "Federal Courthouse, W Broad Ave., Albany, Dougherty County, Georgia", "A southbound Red line TRAX train to Daybreak at Courthouse Station in downtown Salt Lake City", "President pro tempore Patrick Leahy presides over the second impeachment trial of Donald Trump"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T2_law_d879e74d1a3e", "question": {"media": "4fa2bd4668d05a6c.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"4fa2bd4668d05a6c.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Frame extracted from newsreel on the Corfu Channel Incident. Judge José Gustavo Guerrero (El Salvador) speaks from the bench.", "Bryan Simpson United States Courthouse, Jacksonville, Duval County, Florida", "Bobby Seale at the Conspiracy Trial after the 1968 Democratic Convention, Chicago.", "Authority of Law (1935, James Earle Fraser) is a marble sculpture at the entrance of the United States Supreme Court Building in Washington, D.C."], "persona": "law", "qid": "T2_law_141d0991eb40", "question": {"media": "1a61a58808de2263.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"1a61a58808de2263.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Galveston, Texas U.S. Court House (1917) Completed in 1861. Supervising Architect: Ammi B. Young Extension completed in 1918. Supervising Architect of extension: James A. Wetmore The U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas met here until 1891; the U.S. Circuit Court for the Eastern District of Texas met here from 1862 until 1891; the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas met here from 1917 until 1937. Now leased by the Government Services Administration to the Galveston Historical Foundation.", "Toledo, Ohio U.S. Court House and Custom House (1932) Completed in 1932. Supervising Architect: James A. Wetmore Still in use by the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Ohio.", "Cincinnati, Ohio U.S. Post Office and Courthouse (n.d., ca. 1938) Completed in 1938. Supervising Architect: Louis A. Simon Still in use by the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Ohio and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. Renamed the Potter Stewart United States Courthouse in 1994.", "Photograph of the 1929 United States Federal Courthouse in Des Moines, Iowa."], "persona": "law", "qid": "T2_law_c9910de79e89", "question": {"media": "050775d80c2fa062.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"050775d80c2fa062.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Identifier: newyorksgreatind00edwa (find matches) Title: New York's great industries : exchange and commercial review, embracing also historical and descriptive sketch of the city, its leading merchants and manufacturers ... Year: 1884 (1880s) Authors: Edwards, Richard, fl. 1855-85 Subjects: Industrialists Publisher: New York: Historical Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries Digitizing Sponsor: Smithsonian Libraries View Book Page: Book Viewer About This Book: Catalog Entry View All Images: All Images From Book Click here to view book online to see this illustration in context in a browseable online version of this book. Text Appearing Before Image: atest appliances, includingforming, pouncing, stiffening and blocking machines, em-ployment being furnished to a large number of skilled Brow Brothers & Co. 59 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, 209 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, 66 State Street, Boston, AND ALEXANDER BRIM & SONS, Corner Baltimore and Calvert Streets, Baltimore, BUY ^ SELL BILLS OF EXCHANGE ON Great Britain and Ireland, France, Germany, Belgium, Holland, Switzerland,Norway, Denmark, Sweden, and Australia. ISSUE COMMERCIAL AND TRAVELERS CREDITS, IN STERLING, Available in any part of tie world, in Dollars for nse in this and adjacent countries,and in Francs, for nse in Martinique and Guadaloupe. fl(l TELEGRAPHIG IRJUPIS OF MOJCET BETWEEN THIS COUNTRY AND EUROPE. MAKE COLLECTIONS OF DRAFTS DRAWN ABROAD On all points in the United States and Canada. And OF DRAFTS DRAWN IN THEUNITED STATES on all Foreign Countries. BROWN, SHIPLEY & CO,, BROWN, SHIPLEY & CO., 26 Chapel Street, Liverpool. Founders Court, Lothbury, London Text Appearing After Image: ST. PAULS. GENERAL POST OFFICE. HERALD BUILDING ^ Note About Images Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.", "Title: Sculpture \"Out of There,\" by Clemont Meadmore at the Hale Boggs Federal Building & U.S. Courthouse in New Orleans, Louisiana Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, tiff file, color. Notes: Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Title, date and keywords from information provided by the photographer.; Date: 1978; dimensions: 6' 6\" x 9' 8\" x 16'; medium: aluminum.; Forms part of: Photographs in the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.;", "Title: Exterior door detail with rider on horse. Art Deco style Federal Building & U.S. Courthouse, Monroe, Louisiana Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, tiff file, color. Notes: Architect: James A. Wetmore.; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Title, date and keywords from information provided by the photographer.; Purchase; Carol M. Highsmith; 2015; (DLC/PP-2015:143).; Forms part of: Photographs in the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.;", "Title: Painting \"On This Spot Stood the 1st Chinese Settlement in Sacramento\" at the Robert T. Matsui U.S. Courthouse, Sacramento, California Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Notes: Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Artist: Tony Berlant, 1999; mixed materials, measuring 80 x 80 inches.; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Title information, date, and subject note provided by the photographer.; Forms part of the Carol M. Highsmith Archive."], "persona": "law", "qid": "T2_law_f4e0b495a574", "question": {"media": "2cbe1c5f1273b58e.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"2cbe1c5f1273b58e.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["International Court of Justice hearing in the case of \"Application of the Interim Accord of 13 September 1995 (the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia v. Greece)\"", "1936 Government photo of the US Court House in El Paso, Texas.", "Court 3 of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom", "Grounds at the Gateway Arch, Jefferson Nat'l Exp Mem Nat'l Historic Site with the Old St. Louis County Courthouse‎ visible in the west, St. Louis, Missouri."], "persona": "law", "qid": "T2_law_5605aa36cd46", "question": {"media": "2ee3259fbaafa8b7.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"2ee3259fbaafa8b7.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Large hearing hall in Israel supreme court Elitzur Segal in the court waiting to here the supreme court's verdict.", "The Thomas Eagleton courthouse seen sparkling in the sun", "Audiencia Pública Caso San Miguel Sosa y otras Vs. Venezuela", "The historic James A. Redden Federal Courthouse (built 1915), located at 310 West 6th Street in Medford, Oregon, United States, is listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places under the name \"U.S. Post Office and Courthouse\". It is additionally listed as a contributing resource in the Medford Downtown Historic District, which is also listed on the National Register."], "persona": "law", "qid": "T2_law_613ed9a2fc16", "question": {"media": "d8858374965eec69.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"d8858374965eec69.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["McMartin trial--Virginia McMartin, top, founder of McMartin Pre-School in Manhattan Beach, and grand-daughter Peggy Ann Buckley in Los Angeles courtroom, where they appeared with five other defendants for a preliminary hearing in child-molestation case. Municipal Judge Aviva K. Bobb rejected continuance motions.", "en:Pioneer Courthouse as seen from en:Pioneer Courthouse Square", "The Old Saint Louis County Courthouse as seen from the top of the Gateway Arch in Saint Louis, Missouri", "The seal of the Judge Advocate General Corps is displayed inside the 28th Bomb Wing courtroom at Ellsworth Air Force Base, S.D., July 17, 2018. The Ellsworth Judge Advocate office serves as the legal advisor for the 28th Bomb Wing. They handle issues including administrative law, government contracting and military law. VIRIN:180717-F-RU464-0026"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T2_law_ac70a7c4d296", "question": {"media": "5e47e2b4605bee17.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"5e47e2b4605bee17.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Oskar Welzl as a witness durin the Nuremberg Trials.", "Walter Laermann as a witness during the Nuremberg Trials.", "Friedrich Bartels as a witness during the Nuremberg Trials.", "Werner von Hoven as a witness during the Nuremberg Trials."], "persona": "law", "qid": "T2_law_75cd1d0d2d02", "question": {"media": "a0b8da83e6d10abf.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"a0b8da83e6d10abf.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Richard C. Lee U. S. Courthouse, New Haven, CT", "Toledo, Ohio U.S. Court House and Custom House (1932) Completed in 1932. Supervising Architect: James A. Wetmore Still in use by the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Ohio.", "Galveston, Texas U.S. Court House (1917) Completed in 1861. Supervising Architect: Ammi B. Young Extension completed in 1918. Supervising Architect of extension: James A. Wetmore The U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas met here until 1891; the U.S. Circuit Court for the Eastern District of Texas met here from 1862 until 1891; the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas met here from 1917 until 1937. Now leased by the Government Services Administration to the Galveston Historical Foundation.", "The United States Tax Court Building, in Washington, D.C., headquarters of the United States Tax Court."], "persona": "law", "qid": "T2_law_706ac4e8e874", "question": {"media": "b050bcb5f856a8bc.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"b050bcb5f856a8bc.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Senator Mike Lee moves to strike part of prosecution's presentation", "1936 Government photo of the US Court House in El Paso, Texas.", "Sukarno leaving Supreme Court of the United States", "United States Supreme Court building under restauration"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T2_law_3e590613f607", "question": {"media": "46c8f3fee8160e1a.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"46c8f3fee8160e1a.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Springfield, Illinois, where Lincoln practiced law and served in legislature, digital copy of slide. Complete indexed photo collection at WorldHistoryPics.com.", "Front façade of the United States Supreme Court Building", "FAN Members hold vigil during the Supreme Court hearings on Arizona's immigration law SB 1070.", "11 August 1900 Judge magazine cover cartoon. \"A POWERFUL DEMOCRATIC ARGUMENT AGAINST IMPERIALISM\". “Bryan- ‘Everybody is against imperialism. Now, here’s Me and the Boxer and the Filipino. What more do youse want?” Caricature shows William Jennings Bryan dressed as a jester wearing a sign, \"I AM AGAINST AMERICAN IMPERIALISM\"; he is flanked by two sinister figures with hostile expressions wearing similar signs; the one on the left is labeled \"Chinese Boxer\" and holds a blood-dripping sword; the one on the right labeled \"Filipino\" in ragged clothes carrying a spear. The Judge wordmark is flanked by two pails with the words \"FOUR MORE YEARS OF THE FULL DINNER PAIL\" written on them, a slogan used by Bryan's main rival in the 1900 United States presidential election, William McKinley."], "persona": "law", "qid": "T2_law_7c8c0292bf9e", "question": {"media": "cc723923ab6802d0.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"cc723923ab6802d0.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The Supreme Court Room in Independence Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.", "Former U.S. Post Office and Courthouse in Fort Dodge, Iowa.", "The former United States Courthouse in downtown Rock Island, Illinois.", "Edward J. Devitt U.S. Courthouse and Federal Building in Fergus Falls, Minnesota"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T2_law_c0ce74a10d34", "question": {"media": "2bedd3e3e5db6fae.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"2bedd3e3e5db6fae.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The Warren B. Rudman U.S. Courthouse in Concord, New Hampshire, serving the United States District Court for the District of New Hampshire.", "Photomechanical print (postcard) : halftone, colored Divided back No. S-21 Still in existence as Donald S. Russell Courthouse, 201 Magnolia Street", "North side of Pioneer Courthouse in downtown Portland, Oregon in January 2012", "The Robert H. Jackson Federal Courthouse (left) and Buffalo City Hall (right) frame the Niagara Street approach to Niagara Square."], "persona": "law", "qid": "T2_law_8b17e2bd3839", "question": {"media": "f5b3016b8b08dbc4.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"f5b3016b8b08dbc4.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The house managers introduced the indictment of Donald Trump under three headings: Provocation, Attack and the Harm. The first part of the Provocation is titled \"The Big Lie: The Election was stolen\"", "\"The Old Bailey, Known Also as the Central Criminal Court\"", "Missouri River Courthouse, in Great Falls, Montana. As viewed from River Drive, Missouri River in foreground.", "Line at the United States Supreme Court Building to pay final respects to Chief Justice William Renquist"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T2_law_9a9094e711c0", "question": {"media": "842ebce1ca9d9885.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"842ebce1ca9d9885.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The old St. Louis Courthouse, in St. Louis, Missouri. Photographed from the top of the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial.", "Close view of the dome of the Ontario County courthouse, Canandaigua, NY, USA, from across the street", "The courtroom in the Town Hall, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. Designed by Cuthbert Brodrick, built 1853-1858. The courtroom retains the original wooden seating. The room is mostly as it was when built, apart from lighting, heating, and wall-paint. It is no longer used for legal cases, but has been kept for historical value and other purposes. Showing the intimidating view of the judge's chair from the centre of the dock.", "United States Supreme Court building under restauration"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T2_law_226977fbe72f", "question": {"media": "55a134cedc520fc7.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"55a134cedc520fc7.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Title: Corridor, Lobby, Atrium, Howard M. Metzenbaum U.S. Courthouse, Cleveland, Ohio Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Forms part of the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.; Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Title and date provided by the photographer.", "Identifier: newyorksgreatind00edwa (find matches) Title: New York's great industries : exchange and commercial review, embracing also historical and descriptive sketch of the city, its leading merchants and manufacturers ... Year: 1884 (1880s) Authors: Edwards, Richard, fl. 1855-85 Subjects: Industrialists Publisher: New York: Historical Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries Digitizing Sponsor: Smithsonian Libraries View Book Page: Book Viewer About This Book: Catalog Entry View All Images: All Images From Book Click here to view book online to see this illustration in context in a browseable online version of this book. Text Appearing Before Image: atest appliances, includingforming, pouncing, stiffening and blocking machines, em-ployment being furnished to a large number of skilled Brow Brothers & Co. 59 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, 209 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, 66 State Street, Boston, AND ALEXANDER BRIM & SONS, Corner Baltimore and Calvert Streets, Baltimore, BUY ^ SELL BILLS OF EXCHANGE ON Great Britain and Ireland, France, Germany, Belgium, Holland, Switzerland,Norway, Denmark, Sweden, and Australia. ISSUE COMMERCIAL AND TRAVELERS CREDITS, IN STERLING, Available in any part of tie world, in Dollars for nse in this and adjacent countries,and in Francs, for nse in Martinique and Guadaloupe. fl(l TELEGRAPHIG IRJUPIS OF MOJCET BETWEEN THIS COUNTRY AND EUROPE. MAKE COLLECTIONS OF DRAFTS DRAWN ABROAD On all points in the United States and Canada. And OF DRAFTS DRAWN IN THEUNITED STATES on all Foreign Countries. BROWN, SHIPLEY & CO,, BROWN, SHIPLEY & CO., 26 Chapel Street, Liverpool. Founders Court, Lothbury, London Text Appearing After Image: ST. PAULS. GENERAL POST OFFICE. HERALD BUILDING ^ Note About Images Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.", "Title: Painting \"On This Spot Stood the 1st Chinese Settlement in Sacramento\" at the Robert T. Matsui U.S. Courthouse, Sacramento, California Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Notes: Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Artist: Tony Berlant, 1999; mixed materials, measuring 80 x 80 inches.; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Title information, date, and subject note provided by the photographer.; Forms part of the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.", "Title: Office of the Secretary of the Senate, Washington, D.C. - preparing the summons for President Johnson to appear before the court of impeachment Abstract/medium: 1 print : wood engraving."], "persona": "law", "qid": "T2_law_c827b3efa54c", "question": {"media": "4f6c85588c1a060c.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"4f6c85588c1a060c.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Title: Interior doorway art detail. Art Deco style Federal Building & U.S. Courthouse, Monroe, Louisiana Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, tiff file, color. Notes: Architect: James A. Wetmore.; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Title, date and keywords from information provided by the photographer.; Purchase; Carol M. Highsmith; 2015; (DLC/PP-2015:143).; Forms part of: Photographs in the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.;", "Title: Painting \"Justice and the Prairie\" at the Robert J. Dole Federal Building & U.S. Courthouse, Kansas City, Kansas Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Notes: Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Title information, date, and subject note provided by the photographer.; Artist: Richard Haas, 1994. Acrylic, dimensions: 9' x 23'.; Forms part of the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.", "Title: Ewing T. Kerr Federal Building, Casper, Wyoming Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Notes: Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Courthouse built by James A. Wetmore during the years 1930-1932. Neo-classical Revival style.; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Title, date, and subject note provided by the photographer.; Forms part of the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.", "Identifier: newyorksgreatind00edwa (find matches) Title: New York's great industries : exchange and commercial review, embracing also historical and descriptive sketch of the city, its leading merchants and manufacturers ... Year: 1884 (1880s) Authors: Edwards, Richard, fl. 1855-85 Subjects: Industrialists Publisher: New York: Historical Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries Digitizing Sponsor: Smithsonian Libraries View Book Page: Book Viewer About This Book: Catalog Entry View All Images: All Images From Book Click here to view book online to see this illustration in context in a browseable online version of this book. Text Appearing Before Image: atest appliances, includingforming, pouncing, stiffening and blocking machines, em-ployment being furnished to a large number of skilled Brow Brothers & Co. 59 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, 209 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, 66 State Street, Boston, AND ALEXANDER BRIM & SONS, Corner Baltimore and Calvert Streets, Baltimore, BUY ^ SELL BILLS OF EXCHANGE ON Great Britain and Ireland, France, Germany, Belgium, Holland, Switzerland,Norway, Denmark, Sweden, and Australia. ISSUE COMMERCIAL AND TRAVELERS CREDITS, IN STERLING, Available in any part of tie world, in Dollars for nse in this and adjacent countries,and in Francs, for nse in Martinique and Guadaloupe. fl(l TELEGRAPHIG IRJUPIS OF MOJCET BETWEEN THIS COUNTRY AND EUROPE. MAKE COLLECTIONS OF DRAFTS DRAWN ABROAD On all points in the United States and Canada. And OF DRAFTS DRAWN IN THEUNITED STATES on all Foreign Countries. BROWN, SHIPLEY & CO,, BROWN, SHIPLEY & CO., 26 Chapel Street, Liverpool. Founders Court, Lothbury, London Text Appearing After Image: ST. PAULS. GENERAL POST OFFICE. HERALD BUILDING ^ Note About Images Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work."], "persona": "law", "qid": "T2_law_2e0f9bd00b6e", "question": {"media": "94cbeb20e145b915.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"94cbeb20e145b915.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Title: John W. McCormack U.S. Post Office and Courthouse, Boston, Massachusetts Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Notes: Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Built in 1931-1933. Architect: Cram & Ferguson. Building consists of three towers rising above a five story base. It is 16 stories tall. The exterior is an excellent example of Art Deco institutional design.; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Title, date, and subject note provided by the photographer.; Forms part of the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.", "Title: Stairs, U.S. Courthouse, Tallahassee, Florida Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Notes: Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Forms part of the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Architect: Eric Kebbon.; Title, date, and subject note provided by the photographer.; Built between 1935-1936.", "Title: Painting \"Trading\" at U.S. Courthouse, Harrisonburg, Virginia Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Notes: Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Artist: William Calfee, 1943. Oil, dimensions: 96' x 5 3/4\".; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Title information, date, and subject note provided by the photographer.; Forms part of the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.", "Identifier: newyorksgreatind00edwa (find matches) Title: New York's great industries : exchange and commercial review, embracing also historical and descriptive sketch of the city, its leading merchants and manufacturers ... Year: 1884 (1880s) Authors: Edwards, Richard, fl. 1855-85 Subjects: Industrialists Publisher: New York: Historical Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries Digitizing Sponsor: Smithsonian Libraries View Book Page: Book Viewer About This Book: Catalog Entry View All Images: All Images From Book Click here to view book online to see this illustration in context in a browseable online version of this book. Text Appearing Before Image: atest appliances, includingforming, pouncing, stiffening and blocking machines, em-ployment being furnished to a large number of skilled Brow Brothers & Co. 59 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, 209 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, 66 State Street, Boston, AND ALEXANDER BRIM & SONS, Corner Baltimore and Calvert Streets, Baltimore, BUY ^ SELL BILLS OF EXCHANGE ON Great Britain and Ireland, France, Germany, Belgium, Holland, Switzerland,Norway, Denmark, Sweden, and Australia. ISSUE COMMERCIAL AND TRAVELERS CREDITS, IN STERLING, Available in any part of tie world, in Dollars for nse in this and adjacent countries,and in Francs, for nse in Martinique and Guadaloupe. fl(l TELEGRAPHIG IRJUPIS OF MOJCET BETWEEN THIS COUNTRY AND EUROPE. MAKE COLLECTIONS OF DRAFTS DRAWN ABROAD On all points in the United States and Canada. And OF DRAFTS DRAWN IN THEUNITED STATES on all Foreign Countries. BROWN, SHIPLEY & CO,, BROWN, SHIPLEY & CO., 26 Chapel Street, Liverpool. Founders Court, Lothbury, London Text Appearing After Image: ST. PAULS. GENERAL POST OFFICE. HERALD BUILDING ^ Note About Images Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work."], "persona": "law", "qid": "T2_law_8b8808ae59d3", "question": {"media": "516af09eaf96c825.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"516af09eaf96c825.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Title: Painting \"The Effects of Good and Bad Government\" at the William Kenzo Nakamura U.S. Courthouse, Seattle, Washington Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Notes: Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Artist: Caleb Ives Bach, 1985. Oil on canvas on masonite board. Building built in 1939-1940 by Architect Gilbert Stanley Underwood in Modernistic style.; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Title information, date, and subject note provided by the photographer.; Forms part of the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.", "Title: Sculpture \"Sky Cathedral\" at entrance plaza of Federal Building and U.S. Courthouse, Urbana, Illinois Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Notes: Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Artist: Linda Howard, 1995. Aluminum square tubing, dimensions: 15' 4\" x 11' x 15' 4\".; Title information, date, and subject note provided by the photographer.; Forms part of the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.", "Title: Painting \"On This Spot Stood the 1st Chinese Settlement in Sacramento\" at the Robert T. Matsui U.S. Courthouse, Sacramento, California Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Notes: Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Artist: Tony Berlant, 1999; mixed materials, measuring 80 x 80 inches.; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Title information, date, and subject note provided by the photographer.; Forms part of the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.", "Title: Painting \"Trading\" at U.S. Courthouse, Harrisonburg, Virginia Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Notes: Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Artist: William Calfee, 1943. Oil, dimensions: 96' x 5 3/4\".; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Title information, date, and subject note provided by the photographer.; Forms part of the Carol M. Highsmith Archive."], "persona": "law", "qid": "T2_law_fc94ee9da0c3", "question": {"media": "b1996e34c32a1bea.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"b1996e34c32a1bea.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Title: Sculpture \"Passage No. 3\" at the Robert T. Matsui U.S. Courthouse, Sacramento, California Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Notes: Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Artist: Steve Gillman, 1999. Marble, measuring 3' wide x 9' long x 17\" high.; Title information, date, and subject note provided by the photographer.; Forms part of the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.", "Title: Wall details and clock. The Robert S. Vance Federal Building and U.S. Courthouse is a four story white marble building in the classical revival style that occupies an entire block on 5th Avenue, between 18th and 19th Streets, in the central business district of Birmingham, Alabama Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, tiff file, color. Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2013; (DLC/PP-2013:163).; Forms part of: Photographs in the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Title, date and keywords from information provided by the photographer.", "Title: Architectural art \"Eagle Template\" at Federal Building and U.S. Courthouse, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Notes: Artist: Vicki Scuri, 1998. Painted aluminum, exterior measuring 10 x 23 feet.; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Title information, date, and subject note provided by the photographer.; Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Forms part of the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.", "Title: Painting \"The Effects of Good and Bad Government\" at the William Kenzo Nakamura U.S. Courthouse, Seattle, Washington Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Notes: Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Artist: Caleb Ives Bach, 1985. Oil on canvas on masonite board. Building built in 1939-1940 by Architect Gilbert Stanley Underwood in Modernistic style.; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Title information, date, and subject note provided by the photographer.; Forms part of the Carol M. Highsmith Archive."], "persona": "law", "qid": "T2_law_688dd2010ee6", "question": {"media": "41aefe6463abc0b9.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"41aefe6463abc0b9.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Title: Sculpture \"Pillar Arc\" located at the exterior of the U.S. Courthouse, Seattle, Washington Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Notes: Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Title information, date, and subject note provided by the photographer.; Forms part of the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.; Artist: Ming Fay, 2004.", "Title: Sculpture \"Passage No. 3\" at the Robert T. Matsui U.S. Courthouse, Sacramento, California Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Notes: Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Artist: Steve Gillman, 1999. Marble, measuring 3' wide x 9' long x 17\" high.; Title information, date, and subject note provided by the photographer.; Forms part of the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.", "Title: Wood detail, James R. Browning U.S. Courthouse, San Francisco, California Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Notes: James Robert Browning, a federal judge, is credited with holding the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit together at a time when there was enormous pressure to split the nation's largest and busiest circuit into smaller, more manageable units.; Gift and purchase; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2010:031).; Forms part of: Carol M. Highsmith's America Project in the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.; Title, date, and subjects provided by the photographer.", "Title: New stair daytime exterior, U.S. Courthouse, Natchez, Mississippi Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Notes: Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Built in 1853 as Memorial Hall, a Greek Revival structure, later turned into a U.S. Courthouse.; Title, date, and subject note provided by the photographer.; Forms part of the Carol M. Highsmith Archive."], "persona": "law", "qid": "T2_law_e0a675054340", "question": {"media": "de5e5e9c08a3cf1f.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"de5e5e9c08a3cf1f.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Title: Sculpture \"The Decisions\" at the Robert T. Matsui U.S. Courthouse, Sacramento, California Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Notes: Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Title information, date, and subject note provided by the photographer.; Artist: Larry Kirkland, 1999; Gilded aluminum and dichoric glass measuring 45 feet x 30 feet x 10 inches.; Forms part of the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.", "Title: Cupola of the Pioneer Courthouse, a federal courthouse in Portland, Oregon Physical description: 1 transparency : color ; 4 x 5 in. or smaller. Notes: Digital image produced by Carol M. Highsmith to represent her original film transparency; some details may differ between the film and the digital images.; Forms part of the Selects Series in the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.; Built beginning in 1869, the structure is the oldest federal building in the Pacific Northwest, and the second-oldest west of the Mississippi River.; Gift and purchase; Carol M. Highsmith; 2011; (DLC/PP-2011:124).; Title, date, subject note, and keywords provided by the photographer.;", "Title: Reflection fountain at the U.S. Courthouse, Seattle, Washington Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Notes: Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Title information, date, and subject note provided by the photographer.; Artist: Marioni and Troutner.; Forms part of the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.", "Title: Wall details and clock. The Robert S. Vance Federal Building and U.S. Courthouse is a four story white marble building in the classical revival style that occupies an entire block on 5th Avenue, between 18th and 19th Streets, in the central business district of Birmingham, Alabama Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, tiff file, color. Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2013; (DLC/PP-2013:163).; Forms part of: Photographs in the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Title, date and keywords from information provided by the photographer."], "persona": "law", "qid": "T2_law_e3ae44136184", "question": {"media": "5a92622b1208a351.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"5a92622b1208a351.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Title: Stairs, U.S. Courthouse, Tallahassee, Florida Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Notes: Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Forms part of the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Architect: Eric Kebbon.; Title, date, and subject note provided by the photographer.; Built between 1935-1936.", "Title: Interior detail, James T. Foley U.S. Post Office and Courthouse, Albany, New York Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, TIFF file, color. Notes: Built in 1931-1932. Art Deco style. Five-story building with 8' high sculptured marble frieze continuously wraps around the primary elevations.; Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2009; (DLC/PP-2009:083).; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Title, date, and subject note provided by the photographer.; Forms part of the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.", "Title: Stairway. U.S. Post Office and Courthouse, Alexandria, Louisiana Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, tiff file, color. Notes: Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Title, date and keywords from information provided by the photographer.; Built in 1933 by architect Edward Neild. Art Deco style.; Forms part of: Photographs in the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.; Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2014; (DLC/PP-2014:141).;", "Title: Exterior. U.S. Post Office and Courthouse, Tyler, Texas Physical description: 1 photograph : digital, tiff file, color. Notes: Built in 1934 by architect Shirley Simons. Neoclassical style.; Photographed as part of an assignment for the General Services Administration.; Title, date and keywords from information provided by the photographer.; Forms part of: Photographs in the Carol M. Highsmith Archive.; Gift; Carol M. Highsmith; 2014; (DLC/PP-2014:141).;"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T2_law_094c2606396c", "question": {"media": "9f98e6b7cea7dea0.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"9f98e6b7cea7dea0.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Toledo, Ohio U.S. Court House and Custom House (1932) Completed in 1932. Supervising Architect: James A. Wetmore Still in use by the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Ohio.", "Butte, Montana U.S. Post Office (1933) Completed in 1904. Supervising Architect: James Knox Taylor Extension completed in 1933. Supervising Architect of extension: James A. Wetmore Still in use by the U.S. District Court for the District of Montana; the U.S. Circuit Court for the District of Montana met here until that court was abolished in 1912. Renamed the Mike Mansfield Federal Building and United States Courthouse in 2002.", "Cincinnati, Ohio U.S. Post Office and Courthouse (n.d., ca. 1938) Completed in 1938. Supervising Architect: Louis A. Simon Still in use by the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Ohio and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. Renamed the Potter Stewart United States Courthouse in 1994.", "Photograph of the 1929 United States Federal Courthouse in Des Moines, Iowa."], "persona": "law", "qid": "T2_law_a57004933bff", "question": {"media": "82507421566503ed.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"82507421566503ed.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Toledo, Ohio U.S. Court House and Custom House (1932) Completed in 1932. Supervising Architect: James A. Wetmore Still in use by the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Ohio.", "Richard C. Lee U. S. Courthouse, New Haven, CT", "Photograph of the 1929 United States Federal Courthouse in Des Moines, Iowa.", "Cincinnati, Ohio U.S. Post Office and Courthouse (n.d., ca. 1938) Completed in 1938. Supervising Architect: Louis A. Simon Still in use by the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Ohio and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. Renamed the Potter Stewart United States Courthouse in 1994."], "persona": "law", "qid": "T2_law_f6552c5ac9f8", "question": {"media": "0014391252f976c4.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"0014391252f976c4.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["U.S. Court Of Military Appeals Took at WikiExpedition of WM2012 (Target:A-12)", "Eldon B Mahon Courthouse in Fort Worth, Texas", "Looking northeast from Old Ferry Road across Tillary Street at new Federal courthouse on a sunny midday. See File:Bklyn Fed Court Boerum Tillary jeh.JPG for a rosier look.", "Sixteen of the nineteen defendants on trial for war crimes committed during the war at Dora-Mittelbau. Locale: Dachau, [Bavaria] Germany"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T2_law_32ea0de4dd6b", "question": {"media": "23314aa71f3d1b56.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"23314aa71f3d1b56.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["U.S. Court Of Military Appeals Took at WikiExpedition of WM2012 (Target:A-12)", "Warren County Courthouse interior, Lake George, NY.", "Mass trial at federal Courthouse, Pecos, Texas. Top photo: The photo shows a mass trial of immigrants at the Lucius D. Bunton Federal Courthouse in Pecos, Texas.", "US Post Office and Courthouse in Mangum Oklahoma"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T2_law_e52ab7bf164b", "question": {"media": "bd8cc430b4df06a5.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"bd8cc430b4df06a5.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["U.S. Post Office and Court House Completed in 1938. Architect: Wyatt C. Hedrick Still in use by the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Texas. Renamed the J. Marvin Jones Federal Building in 1980.", "Photograph of the 1929 United States Federal Courthouse in Des Moines, Iowa.", "Richard C. Lee U. S. Courthouse, New Haven, CT", "The United States Tax Court Building, in Washington, D.C., headquarters of the United States Tax Court."], "persona": "law", "qid": "T2_law_9b02d31f693a", "question": {"media": "36814f6a8bdaec58.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"36814f6a8bdaec58.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["U.S. Post Office and Courthouse, 337 Broad Ave. Albany", "Robert T. Matsui United States Courthouse", "Attorneys Cale Jaffe, Blan Holman, Jeff Gleason on the steps of the United States Supreme Court in 2007.", "Court 3 of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T2_law_1503d34f884a", "question": {"media": "3b6fedd66bbf24cf.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"3b6fedd66bbf24cf.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["US Courthouse Bulding (351 S. West Temple) in Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.", "Glenda Hatchett outside the courthouse at the end of day 4 of jury deliberations in the trial of officer Jeronimo Yanez in the shooting death of Philando Castile on July 6, 2016.", "The jury box in the Pershing County, Nevada, Courthouse. Unusually, this jury box is in the middle of the room.", "Back entry of Moakley Courthouse, Seaport District, Boston, Massachusetts, US (PPL1-Corrected)"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T2_law_bbbc7f40ee6e", "question": {"media": "b63eaab21d1fd5a9.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"b63eaab21d1fd5a9.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Winter Supplement: Caricature : \"Heads of the Law\" : The Lord Chief Justice and other senior lawyers : Lord Justice Sterling, Mr Justice Barnes, The Master of the Rolls, Lord Justice Cozens-Hardy, Mr Justice Bigham, The Lord Chief Justice, Mr Justice Wright, Lord Justice Romer, Lord Justice Williams and Lord Justice Mathew. Double print.", "w:United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh, PA", "Original Caption: President Ulysses S. Grant's Commutation of Oscar Snow's Death Sentence U.S. National Archives’ ARC ID: 5898023 Creator: U.S. District Court for the Fort Smith Division of the Western District of Arkansas Subjects: Fort Smith, Arkansas U.S. District Court Western Division of Arkansas Oscar Snow President Ulysses S. Grant 1875 Contact(s): National Archives at Fort Worth (RM-FW), 1400 John Burgess Drive, Fort Worth, TX, 76140. PHONE: 817-551-2051; FAX: 817-551-2034; EMAIL: ftworth.archives@nara.gov. File Unit: Criminal Defendant Case File for Oscar Snow, 1874 - 1874 Persistent URL: arcweb.archives.gov/arc/action/ExternalIdSearch?id=5898023 Access Restrictions: Unrestricted Use Restrictions: Unrestricted", "Courtroom in Hamilton County courthouse in Syracuse, Kansas. The Art Deco building was designed by architects Overend & Boucher, and built in 1937."], "persona": "law", "qid": "T2_law_ace9eb5ddc1a", "question": {"media": "0c3ff1a5de0d7091.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"0c3ff1a5de0d7091.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
diff --git a/release/questions/T2/music.jsonl b/release/questions/T2/music.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f29018bcc9abd645e8ab3fdce4841116393deeed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/questions/T2/music.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Alto Clarinet in E-flat | Alto Clarinet in E-flat | ca. 1900 | Charles Mahillon | Belgian | Brussels | Belgium | Cocuswood, brass | Aerophone-Reed Vibrated-single reed cylindrical", "Nāy | Nāy | 19th century | Syrian | Syria | Reed | Aerophone-Blow Hole-end-blown flute (vertical)", "Serpent in C | Serpent in C | ca. 1805 | W. Schmidt | German | Mainz | Germany | Wood, leather, brass | Aerophone-Lip Vibrated-horn", "Tambourin a Cordes | Tambourin a Cordes | 19th century | French | France | Pyrenees region (?) | Wood and various materials | Chordophone-Zither-struck"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T2_music_0526bf8978c4", "question": {"media": "73cb27a05f7f3456.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"73cb27a05f7f3456.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Alto Clarinet in E-flat | Alto Clarinet in E-flat | ca. 1900 | Charles Mahillon | Belgian | Brussels | Belgium | Cocuswood, brass | Aerophone-Reed Vibrated-single reed cylindrical", "Pluriarc | Pluriarc | late 19th century | Congolese | Congo District | Wood, tin | Chordophone-Musical Bow", "Mai | Mai | late 19th century | Melanesian (Aoba Island, Vanuatuan) | Aoba island, Ambae | Vanuatu | Bamboo | Aerophone-Blow Hole-end-blown flute (vertical)", "Tsiitsiito (rattle) | Tsiitsiito (rattle) | late 19th century | Hiwi Indians | Hiwi | Colombia or Venezuela | calabash (Crescentia cujete), wood, curassow feathers (pauxi pauxi), seed and wánali stone | Idiophone-Shaken-rattle"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T2_music_df982fac4f5e", "question": {"media": "c02cb5e4808c69c2.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"c02cb5e4808c69c2.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Calung | Calung | late 19th century | Javanese (Sundanese) | Java | Indonesia | Bamboo, cord | Idiophone-Struck-bar", "Schwegel in B | Schwegel in B | 1750–70 | G. Walch | German (Bavarian) | Bavaria | Germany | Wood | Aerophone-Blow Hole-side-blown flute (transverse)", "Nail Violin | Nail Violin | early 19th century | German | Germany | Wood, metal | Idiophone-Friction", "Pī Chawā (ปี่ชวา) | Pī Chawā | late 19th century | Thai | Thailand | Ivory | Aerophone-Reed Vibrated-double reed"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T2_music_21d889dd7eb9", "question": {"media": "dffc2e3f60b0a2af.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"dffc2e3f60b0a2af.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Cauyuk | Cauyuk | 19th century | Skidegate or Xaadas (Haida), Native American | Victoria | British Columbia | Canada | red cedar, hide, pigment | Membranophone-single-headed / frame drum", "Kanyáhte’ ká’nowa’ (Snapping turtle rattle) or Kastáwēˀshæˀ (Ga-Nó-Wa Gustáh) | Kanyáhte’ ká’nowa’ (Snapping turtle rattle) or Kastáwēˀshæˀ (Ga-Nó-Wa Gustáh) | 19th century | Native American (Iroquois) | Tonowanda | New York | United States | Shell, wood, cherry pits?, leather | Idiophone-Shaken-rattle", "Baritone Saxhorn in B-flat | Baritone Saxhorn in B-flat | 1850–79 | French or German | France or Germany | Brass | Aerophone-Lip Vibrated", "Trough Zither | Trough Zither | late 19th century | Congolese | Democratic Republic of Congo | Wood | Chordophone"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T2_music_13c0a49d9236", "question": {"media": "c7d85794379f5377.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"c7d85794379f5377.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Chamber Organ | Chamber Organ | ca. 1790–96 | Samuel Green | British | Middlesex | United Kingdom | Mahogany, cloth, ivory, ebony, brass | Aerophone-Organ", "Bell | Bell | 1st century | Italian (Ancient Roman) | Rome ? | Italy | bronze | Idiophone-Struck-bell-clapper", "Phin | Phin | late 19th century | Thai | Thailand | Wood | Chordophone-Lute-plucked", "Karnāl | Karnāl | 19th century | Nepalese | Salyan District, Rapti Zone | Nepal | Brass | Aerophone-Lip Vibrated-trumpet / trombone"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T2_music_bfe46015c9fd", "question": {"media": "93517324b1a12e3e.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"93517324b1a12e3e.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Cittern | Cittern | 1772 | Gerard J. Deleplanque | French | Paris | France | Maple, spruce, ebony, ivory, mother-of-pearl, brass | Chordophone-Lute-bowed-fretted", "Ganga? | Ganga? | 19th century | Dagomba or Hausa people? | Ghana or Nigeria | Wood, cord, cloth, pebbles, skins | Membranophone-double-headed / cylindrical drum", "Cauyuk | Cauyuk | late 19th century | Native American (Chilkat / Koluschan) | Alaska | United States | Nushagak Bay | Wood, skin | Membranophone-single-headed / frame drum", "Oboe in C | Oboe in C | before 1735 | Jacob Denner | German | Nürnberg | Germany | Wood, ivory, silver | Aerophone-Reed Vibrated-double reed"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T2_music_80ba11bd3f70", "question": {"media": "6020def060dba352.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"6020def060dba352.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Daff | Daff | late 19th century | Arabian | Arabia | Wood and parchment. | Membranophone-double-headed / frame drum", "Shakuhachi | Shakuhachi | 19th century | Japanese | Japan | Bamboo, horn, lacquer | Aerophone-Blow Hole-end-blown flute (vertical)", "Cavalry Trumpet in C | Cavalry Trumpet in C | ca. 1800 | Courtois père | French | Paris | France | Brass, nickel-silver | Aerophone-Lip Vibrated-trumpet / trombone", "Baritone Saxhorn in B-flat | Baritone Saxhorn in B-flat | 1850–79 | French or German | France or Germany | Brass | Aerophone-Lip Vibrated"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T2_music_46c177b7fd4a", "question": {"media": "d90f48bb307e46d9.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"d90f48bb307e46d9.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Doccaina | Doccaina | 19th century | Spanish | Valencia (Southern) | Spain | Wood, brass, nickel-silver | Aerophone-Reed Vibrated-double reed", "Xylophone | Xylophone | 19th century | probably South African | probably South Africa | Wood, leather | Idiophone-Struck-bar-wood", "Harp Guitar | Harp Guitar | after 1831 | Emilius N. Scherr | American | Philadelphia | Pennsylvania | United States | Wood, ivory, metal | Chordophone-Lute-plucked-fretted", "Nag-Phéni | Nag-Phéni | 19th century | Nepalese (probably Khàs) | Kathmandu Valley | Nepal | copper, paint | Aerophone-Lip Vibrated-trumpet / trombone"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T2_music_6bb941c92209", "question": {"media": "3fd46fd6aa3be20f.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"3fd46fd6aa3be20f.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["English Guittar (Cittern) with \"Smith's Patent Box\" | English Guittar (Cittern) with \"Smith's Patent Box\" | mid to late 18th century | British | London | England | United Kingdom | Wood and various materials | Chordophone-Lute-plucked-fretted", "Daff | Daff | late 19th century | Arabian | Arabia | Wood and parchment. | Membranophone-double-headed / frame drum", "Keyboard Glockenspiel | Keyboard Glockenspiel | second half 19th century | probably British | United Kingdom? | Wood, various materials | Idiophone-Struck-bar-metal", "Ch'in Sian | Ch'in Sian | 19th century | Chinese | Xiaoxi (Sio khe) | Fujian Province | China | Wood, snake skin, brass. | Membranophone-single-headed / frame drum"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T2_music_d558cf58f081", "question": {"media": "c9b2024ed758e5af.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"c9b2024ed758e5af.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Fellahi | Fellahi | late 19th century | Turkish | Turkey | Wood | Chordophone-Lute-plucked-unfretted", "Flageolet | Flageolet | ca. 1835 | John Simpson | British | London | England | United Kingdom | Boxwood, ivory, silver | Aerophone-Whistle Flute-flageolet", "Calung | Calung | late 19th century | Javanese (Sundanese) | Java | Indonesia | Bamboo, cord | Idiophone-Struck-bar", "Style O Artist Model Archtop Guitar (serial no. 51670) | Archtop Guitar | 1919 | Gibson Mandolin-Guitar Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | American | Kalamazoo | Michigan | United States | Spruce, birch, mahogany, ivoroid, mother-of-pearl, nickel silver | Chordophone-Lute-plucked-fretted"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T2_music_fc89c088c663", "question": {"media": "5a868c2a65bbbb02.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"5a868c2a65bbbb02.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Flageolet | Flageolet | ca. 1835 | John Simpson | British | London | England | United Kingdom | Boxwood, ivory | Aerophone-Whistle Flute-flageolet", "Transverse Flute in E | Transverse Flute in E | late 18th or early 19th century | German | Germany | Wood, horn, brass | Aerophone-Blow Hole-side-blown flute (transverse)", "Nafir | Nafir or Muzmar el Daraweesh | late 19th century | Iranian (Persian) | Iran | Horn (goat?) | Aerophone-Lip Vibrated-horn", "Mashak | Mashak | 19th century | Burmese | Myanmar (formerly Burma) | Wood, leather | Aerophone-Reed Vibrated-bagpipe"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T2_music_893f40569f17", "question": {"media": "ff095f4a25fd69d7.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"ff095f4a25fd69d7.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Fretted banjo with two short strings | Fretted banjo with two short strings | C. 1850 | Henry Stichter | American | United States | Various woods, metal hardware, leather, calfskin head, calfgut strings | Musical instruments", "Phin | Phin | late 19th century | Thai | Thailand | Wood | Chordophone-Lute-plucked", "Bukkehorn | Bukkehorn | ca. 1883 | Norwegian | Norway | Ram's horn | Aerophone-Lip Vibrated-horn", "Soprano Saxhorn in B-flat | Soprano Saxhorn in B-flat | 1850–60 | possibly French | France? | Brass, nickel-silver | Aerophone-Lip Vibrated"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T2_music_5c1fa82865ae", "question": {"media": "3b1012c891ea3b12.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"3b1012c891ea3b12.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Ganga? | Ganga? | 19th century | Dagomba or Hausa people? | Ghana or Nigeria | Wood, cord, cloth, pebbles, skins | Membranophone-double-headed / cylindrical drum", "Xylophone | Xylophone | 19th century | probably South African | probably South Africa | Wood, leather | Idiophone-Struck-bar-wood", "Alexander Violin | Alexander Violin | late 19th century | Sylvanus J. Talbott | American | Milford | New Hampshire | United States | Wood, various materials | Chordophone-Zither-bowed", "Pupa Horn | Pupa (horn) | late 19th century | Melanesian (Nggela Islands, Solomon Islands) | Nggela Islands (formerly Florida Islands) | Solomon Islands | Bamboo | Aerophone-Lip Vibrated-trumpet / trombone"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T2_music_3bf5a4a58471", "question": {"media": "8f0cd5fd7c61b002.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"8f0cd5fd7c61b002.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Gangsingan | Gangsingan (spinning top) | 19th century | Javanese (West) | Java | Indonesia | Bamboo | Aerophone-Free Aerophone", "Horn | Horn | late 19th century | African | wood, leather | Aerophone-Lip Vibrated-horn", "Halam | Halam | late 19th century | Moroccan | Morocco | wood, various materials | Chordophone-Lute-plucked-unfretted", "Mandola | Mandola | 1797 | Giuseppe Presbler | Italian | Milan | Italy | Rosewood, spruce, walnut, bone, mother-of-pearl | Chordophone-Lute-plucked-fretted"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T2_music_e6e680984c94", "question": {"media": "53fced3613cf5c64.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"53fced3613cf5c64.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Horn | Horn | early 19th century | Dutch | Netherlands | Friesland | Wood, bark | Aerophone-Lip Vibrated-horn", "Watercolor of musician playing bo | Watercolor of musician playing bo | late 18th century | Chinese | China | Watercolor on paper | Works on Paper", "Pochette | Pochette | 1670s | Georg Wörle | German | Augsburg | Germany | Spruce, ebony, ivory, gut | Chordophone-Lute-bowed-unfretted", "Chamber Organ | Chamber Organ | ca. 1790–96 | Samuel Green | British | Middlesex | United Kingdom | Mahogany, cloth, ivory, ebony, brass | Aerophone-Organ"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T2_music_07d379593f21", "question": {"media": "1280b3b63ff36ce7.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"1280b3b63ff36ce7.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Lyraflügel | Lyraflügel | ca. 1820–44 | Johann Christian Schleip | German | Berlin | Germany | Wood, silk, gilt, ivory | Chordophone-Zither-struck-piano", "Portative Organ | Portative Organ | late 19th century | Probably by Leopoldo Franciolini | Italian | Florence | Italy | Wood, various materials | Aerophone-Organ", "Bell | Bell | 1st century | Italian (Ancient Roman) | Rome ? | Italy | bronze | Idiophone-Struck-bell-clapper", "Kemangeh | Kemangeh | ca. 1850–89 | Turkish | Turkey | Wood, metal, various | Chordophone-Lute-bowed-unfretted"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T2_music_da931e543c76", "question": {"media": "d153cc24c0a3629c.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"d153cc24c0a3629c.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Lyre | Lyre (Reproduction) | 19th century | Egyptian | Egypt | Wood | Chordophone-Lyre-plucked", "Tabona (drum) | Tabona (drum) | late 19th century | Cuban | Cuba | Wood, skin, and various materials | Membranophone-double-headed / barrel drum", "Shakuhachi | Shakuhachi | 19th century | Japanese | Japan | Bamboo, horn, lacquer | Aerophone-Blow Hole-end-blown flute (vertical)", "Drum | Drum | 19th century | Native American (Guyanese: Demerara) | Demerara | Guyana | Wood, skin, fiber cord | Membranophone-double-headed / cylindrical drum"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T2_music_5f92795da66e", "question": {"media": "43dc7efe02f8a4f9.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"43dc7efe02f8a4f9.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Mandola | Mandola | 1797 | Giuseppe Presbler | Italian | Milan | Italy | Rosewood, spruce, walnut, bone, mother-of-pearl | Chordophone-Lute-plucked-fretted", "Tzilinilli (crotal bell) | Tzilinilli (crotal bell) | 10th–16th century | Aztec | Mexico | leaded copper | Idiophone-Shaken-crotal bell", "Hol | Hol (drum) | late 19th century | Indian (possibly Munda people) | Orissa or Nagaland | India | Wood, skin, cord | Membranophone-double-headed / conical drum", "Serpent | Serpent | ca. 1820 | C. Baudouin | French | Paris | France | Wood, leather, paint, brass | Aerophone-Lip Vibrated"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T2_music_36780ff5b41c", "question": {"media": "b0b730e21b6cf525.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"b0b730e21b6cf525.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Po (鈸 ) | Po | 19th century | Chinese | China | Metal | Idiophone-Concussion", "Regal | Regal | ca. 1720–40 | German | Germany | Wood, various | Aerophone-Organ", "Basset Horn in F | Basset Horn in F | early 19th century | Italian or German | Italy or Germany? | Wood, ivory, brass | Aerophone-Reed Vibrated-single reed cylindrical", "Oboe | Oboe | ca. 1770–90 | Thomas Collier | British | London | England | United Kingdom | Wood, metal | Aerophone-Reed Vibrated-double reed"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T2_music_0f249700e7e5", "question": {"media": "124eac74d85087fb.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"124eac74d85087fb.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Portative Organ | Portative Organ | late 19th century | Probably by Leopoldo Franciolini | Italian | Florence | Italy | Wood, various materials | Aerophone-Organ", "Angle Harp | Angle Harp | 19th century | African | Wood, leather, string | Chordophone-Harp", "Cornetto in A | Cornetto in A | 17th century | German | Germany | Wood, leather | Aerophone-Lip Vibrated", "Chirimia | Chirimia | 19th century | Chibchas or Muyscas | Colombia | wood, metal, wax/rubber, cord | Aerophone-Reed Vibrated-double reed"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T2_music_4aae4f5e2d3e", "question": {"media": "6ebdc299a7c9354e.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"6ebdc299a7c9354e.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Portative Organ | Portative Organ | late 19th century | Probably by Leopoldo Franciolini | Italian | Florence | Italy | Wood, various materials | Aerophone-Organ", "Pottery Whistle | Pottery Whistle | ca. 800–1000 | Costa Rican | Guanacaste | Costa Rica | Nicoya Peninsula | Clay, polychrome | Aerophone-Whistle Flute-whistle", "Square Piano | Square Piano | ca. 1790 | Possibly German | Germany | Cherry wood, various materials | Chordophone-Zither-struck-piano", "Triangle | Triangle | early 19th century | German | Germany | Iron | Idiophone-Struck-bell-without clapper"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T2_music_66a3c9fa441c", "question": {"media": "a2db7a7caf073803.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"a2db7a7caf073803.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Pottery Whistle | Pottery Whistle | 300–1200 | Mexican (Veracruz) | Veracruz | Mexico | Clay | Aerophone-Whistle Flute-whistle", "Pottery Whistle | Pottery Whistle | date uncertain | Mexican | Oaxaca | Mexico | Clay | Aerophone-Whistle Flute-whistle", "Furi Tsuzumi | Furi Tsuzumi | 19th century | Japanese | Japan | Wood | Membranophone-double-headed / cylindrical drum", "Double Recorder in A-flat | Double Recorder in A-flat | 18th century | possibly German | Germany? | Wood | Aerophone-Whistle Flute-recorder"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T2_music_9dedbb2a893a", "question": {"media": "5d5e960b7c634337.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"5d5e960b7c634337.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Pī Chawā (ปี่ชวา) | Pī Chawā | late 19th century | Thai | Thailand | Ivory | Aerophone-Reed Vibrated-double reed", "Whistling Jar | Whistling Jar | 200 BCE–1000 CE | Peruvian | Peru | North Coast | Clay | Aerophone-Blow Hole-vessel flute", "Hunting Horn in D | Hunting Horn in D | after 1866 | Raoux Family Family | French | Paris | France | Brass, leather, lead | Aerophone-Lip Vibrated-horn", "Hol | Hol (drum) | late 19th century | Indian (possibly Munda people) | Orissa or Nagaland | India | Wood, skin, cord | Membranophone-double-headed / conical drum"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T2_music_66444193f11f", "question": {"media": "8f427e1216f2280e.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"8f427e1216f2280e.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Qairaq (stone castanets) | Qairaq (stone castanets) | mid-20th century | Afghan | Dara-I Zendan | Samangan Province | Afghanistan | Stone | Idiophone-Concussion", "Sopranino Clarinet in D | Sopranino Clarinet in D | 1800–1858 | Max Stiegler | German | Germany | Various materials | Aerophone-Reed Vibrated-single reed cylindrical", "Lacquered Case | Lacquered Case | 19th century | Japanese | Japan | Wood, lacquer | Aerophone-Accessories", "Pottery Whistle | Pottery Whistle | ca. 800–1000 | Costa Rican | Guanacaste | Costa Rica | Nicoya Peninsula | Clay, polychrome | Aerophone-Whistle Flute-whistle"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T2_music_91dc15ad371c", "question": {"media": "e868fe11e53a665a.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"e868fe11e53a665a.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Rattle | Rattle | 19th century | Native American (Arapaho) | United States | Gourd, wood, glass pellets | Idiophone-Shaken-rattle", "Tang Kang | Tang Kang | late 19th century | Bornean | Borneo | Bamboo | Chordophone", "Lyre Guitar | Lyre Guitar | 1807 | Gennaro Fabricatore | Italian | Naples | Italy | Spruce, maple, ebony | Chordophone-Lute-plucked-fretted", "Pochette | Pochette | 1670s | Georg Wörle | German | Augsburg | Germany | Spruce, ebony, ivory, gut | Chordophone-Lute-bowed-unfretted"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T2_music_1c70f1c576c7", "question": {"media": "0626289ad053e05b.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"0626289ad053e05b.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Rattle | Rattle | late 19th century | Congolese | Upper Congo | wood | Idiophone-Shaken-rattle", "Ch'in Sian | Ch'in Sian | 19th century | Chinese | Xiaoxi (Sio khe) | Fujian Province | China | Wood, snake skin, brass. | Membranophone-single-headed / frame drum", "Bell | Bell | 1st century | Italian (Ancient Roman) | Rome ? | Italy | bronze | Idiophone-Struck-bell-clapper", "Division Viol | Division Viol | 1629 | Henry Smith | British | London | England | United Kingdom | Maple, spruce | Chordophone-Lute-bowed-fretted"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T2_music_6d71cfb186b0", "question": {"media": "46b36dca668c1695.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"46b36dca668c1695.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Sarangi | Sarangi | 19th century | Indian (Gujarat) | Gujarat | India | Wood, metal, parchment, horsehair, mother-of -pearl, ivory, paint | Chordophone-Lute-bowed-unfretted", "Quadruple Bell | Quadruple Bell | late 19th century | Gabonese | Gabon? | Wood | Idiophone-Shaken-rattle", "Violoncello | Violoncello | 18th century | German | Germany | Wood, strings | Chordophone-Lute-bowed-unfretted", "Pottery Whistle | Pottery Whistle | date uncertain | Mexican | Coatlan | Mexico | Veracruz | Pottery | Aerophone-Whistle Flute-whistle"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T2_music_abf30f86fd3e", "question": {"media": "acac0edca098f483.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"acac0edca098f483.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Serpent in C | Serpent in C | ca. 1805 | W. Schmidt | German | Mainz | Germany | Wood, leather, brass | Aerophone-Lip Vibrated-horn", "\"Savart model\" Violin | \"Savart model\" Violin | ca. 1819 | Ch. Michel | French | France | Wood | Chordophone-Lute-bowed-unfretted", "Bell | Bell | 100 BC–200 AD? | Italian (Ancient Roman) | Rome | Italy | Leaded bronze | Idiophone-Struck-bell-clapper", "Cittern | Cittern | 1772 | Gerard J. Deleplanque | French | Paris | France | Maple, spruce, ebony, ivory, mother-of-pearl, brass | Chordophone-Lute-bowed-fretted"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T2_music_c74f2d9a7410", "question": {"media": "e55a9326e03592e3.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description serves as the authoritative description for the image \"e55a9326e03592e3.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Shakuhachi | Shakuhachi | 19th century | Japanese | Japan | Bamboo, horn, lacquer | Aerophone-Blow Hole-end-blown flute (vertical)", "Slento | Slento | late 19th century | Henry Hannah | Javanese | Jakarta | Central Java | Indonesia | Wood, metal | Idiophone-Struck-bar-metal", "Whistling Jar | Whistling Jar | 200 BCE–600 CE | Peruvian | Peru | North Coast | Pottery | Aerophone-Blow Hole-vessel flute", "Po (鈸 ) | Po | 19th century | Chinese | China | Metal | Idiophone-Concussion"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T2_music_72528e4a4da4", "question": {"media": "a5a1c954a1a4a95b.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"a5a1c954a1a4a95b.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Side (Snare) Drum | Side (Snare) Drum | First half 19th century | American | United States | Wood, various materials | Membranophone-double-headed / cylindrical drum", "Tzilinilli (crotal bell) | Tzilinilli (crotal bell) | 10th–16th century | Aztec | Mexico | leaded copper | Idiophone-Shaken-crotal bell", "Kemangeh | Kemangeh | ca. 1850–89 | Turkish | Turkey | Wood, metal, various | Chordophone-Lute-bowed-unfretted", "Chromatic Bass Horn in B-flat | Chromatic Bass Horn in B-flat | ca. 1825 | German? | Germany? | Copper, brass | Aerophone-Lip Vibrated-horn"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T2_music_285ce16d7af4", "question": {"media": "0dce9c34f512d51c.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"0dce9c34f512d51c.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Square Piano | Square Piano | 1829 | Jonas Chickering | American | Boston | Massachusetts | United States | Wood, various materials | Chordophone-Zither-struck-piano", "Sarangi | Sarangi | 19th century | Indian (Gujarat) | Gujarat | India | Wood, metal, parchment, horsehair, mother-of -pearl, ivory, paint | Chordophone-Lute-bowed-unfretted", "Tār | Tār (tār-e qavazi) | late 19th century | Iranian (Persian) | Iran (Persia) | Wood, bladder?, bone, mother-of-pearl | Chordophone-Lute-plucked-fretted", "Regal | Regal | ca. 1720–40 | German | Germany | Wood, various | Aerophone-Organ"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T2_music_2f3123cd3809", "question": {"media": "2df9d8884d3144da.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"2df9d8884d3144da.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Streichmelodeon | Streichmelodeon | late 19th century | German | Germany | Wood, metal | Chordophone-Zither-bowed", "\"Japanese Fiddle\" | \"Japanese Fiddle\" | 19th century | American | United States | Wood | Chordophone-Lute-plucked-unfretted", "Pupa Horn | Pupa (horn) | late 19th century | Melanesian (Nggela Islands, Solomon Islands) | Nggela Islands (formerly Florida Islands) | Solomon Islands | Bamboo | Aerophone-Lip Vibrated-trumpet / trombone", "Guenbri | Guenbri | late 19th century | Moroccan | Morocco | wood, parchment | Chordophone-Lute-plucked-unfretted"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T2_music_04402af3c4f4", "question": {"media": "b495db421694bc3e.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"b495db421694bc3e.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Style O Artist Model Archtop Guitar (serial no. 51670) | Archtop Guitar | 1919 | Gibson Mandolin-Guitar Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | American | Kalamazoo | Michigan | United States | Spruce, birch, mahogany, ivoroid, mother-of-pearl, nickel silver | Chordophone-Lute-plucked-fretted", "Doccaina | Doccaina | 19th century | Spanish | Valencia (Southern) | Spain | Wood, brass, nickel-silver | Aerophone-Reed Vibrated-double reed", "Banjo | Banjo | ca. 1884 | Hercules McCord | American U.S.A. | Metal, parchment | Chordophone-Lute-plucked", "Mai | Mai | late 19th century | Melanesian (Aoba Island, Vanuatuan) | Aoba island, Ambae | Vanuatu | Bamboo | Aerophone-Blow Hole-end-blown flute (vertical)"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T2_music_4d809485b685", "question": {"media": "421d4eb4b139a668.jpg", "text": "What is the authoritative description of the image \"421d4eb4b139a668.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Svirel | Svirel | late 19th century | Russian | Russia | Cane | Aerophone-Blow Hole-end-blown flute (vertical)", "Regal | Regal | ca. 1720–40 | German | Germany | Wood, various | Aerophone-Organ", "Pottery Whistle | Pottery Whistle | ca. 800–1000 | Costa Rican | Guanacaste | Costa Rica | Nicoya Peninsula | Clay, polychrome | Aerophone-Whistle Flute-whistle", "Shakuhachi | Shakuhachi | 19th century | Japanese | Japan | Bamboo, horn, lacquer | Aerophone-Blow Hole-end-blown flute (vertical)"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T2_music_3d0e0d40c5ce", "question": {"media": "586edb5b443d22cb.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"586edb5b443d22cb.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Tambourin a Cordes | Tambourin a Cordes | 19th century | French | France | Pyrenees region (?) | Wood and various materials | Chordophone-Zither-struck", "Russian Bassoon in C | Russian Bassoon in C | 1825–40 | French | Lyons? | France? | Wood, brass | Aerophone-Lip Vibrated-horn", "Watercolor of musician playing bo | Watercolor of musician playing bo | late 18th century | Chinese | China | Watercolor on paper | Works on Paper", "Furi Tsuzumi | Furi Tsuzumi | 19th century | Japanese | Japan | Wood | Membranophone-double-headed / cylindrical drum"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T2_music_2ee92b78fd46", "question": {"media": "f94fa4994fbaca63.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"f94fa4994fbaca63.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Tsiitsiito (rattle) | Tsiitsiito (rattle) | late 19th century | Hiwi Indians | Hiwi | Colombia or Venezuela | calabash (Crescentia cujete), wood, curassow feathers (pauxi pauxi), seed and wánali stone | Idiophone-Shaken-rattle", "Kettledrum | Kettledrum | late 18th century (?) | probably German | Bavaria? | Germany? | Copper, iron, skin, fabric | Membranophone-single-headed / kettle drum", "Guitar | Guitar | 1912 | Manuel Ramírez | Spanish | Madrid | Spain | Spruce, rosewood, cedar, ebony, ivory or bone | Chordophone-Lute-plucked-fretted", "Gangsingan | Gangsingan (spinning top) | 19th century | Javanese (West) | Java | Indonesia | Bamboo | Aerophone-Free Aerophone"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T2_music_50e749fc809a", "question": {"media": "e3b52c77ccf3c105.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"e3b52c77ccf3c105.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Violoncello Bow | Violoncello Bow | ca. 1800–1825 | Dodd workshop(?) | British | London | England | United Kingdom | Wood, other materials | Chordophone-Accessories-bow", "Sgra-Snyan | Sgra-Snyan | late 19th century | Unknown Maker, Tibet | Tibetan | Tibet | Wood, hide, wire, polychrome | Chordophone-Lute-plucked-unfretted", "Square Piano | Square Piano | 1797 | John Broadwood & Sons | British | London | England | Mahogany veneer, boxwood, iron, brass, ivory, ebony, and various materials | Chordophone-Zither-struck-piano", "Fellahi | Fellahi | late 19th century | Turkish | Turkey | Wood | Chordophone-Lute-plucked-unfretted"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T2_music_5573d117bf0a", "question": {"media": "9debd6ede0589594.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"9debd6ede0589594.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Whistling Jar | Whistling Jar | 200 BCE–1000 CE | Peruvian | Peru | North Coast | Clay | Aerophone-Blow Hole-vessel flute", "Side (Snare) Drum | Side (Snare) Drum | First half 19th century | American | United States | Wood, various materials | Membranophone-double-headed / cylindrical drum", "Mashak | Mashak | 19th century | Burmese | Myanmar (formerly Burma) | Wood, leather | Aerophone-Reed Vibrated-bagpipe", "Tzilinilli (crotal bell) | Tzilinilli (crotal bell) | 10th–16th century | Aztec | Mexico | leaded copper | Idiophone-Shaken-crotal bell"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T2_music_5083bfc818c8", "question": {"media": "72d4404024f2159c.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"72d4404024f2159c.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Woman Holding an Accordion tintype | Tintype | late 1860s | American | United States | Tintype | Works on Paper", "Harmonium | Harmonium | after 1886 | Victor and Auguste Mustel | French | Paris | France | Wood, various materials | Aerophone-Free Reed-harmonium", "Drum | Drum | 19th century | Russian | Russia | Wood, skin | Membranophone-double-headed / barrel drum", "Portative Organ | Portative Organ | late 19th century | Probably by Leopoldo Franciolini | Italian | Florence | Italy | Wood, various materials | Aerophone-Organ"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T2_music_36ed0547ca34", "question": {"media": "e07bffdb020dbb93.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"e07bffdb020dbb93.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Zanze | Zanze | late 19th century | probably Cameroonian | southwest region | Republic of Cameroon | Wood | Idiophone-Plucked / Depressed", "Ch'in Sian | Ch'in Sian | 19th century | Chinese | Xiaoxi (Sio khe) | Fujian Province | China | Wood, snake skin, brass. | Membranophone-single-headed / frame drum", "Pottery Whistle | Pottery Whistle | date uncertain | Mexican | Oaxaca | Mexico | Clay | Aerophone-Whistle Flute-whistle", "Bell | Bell | 100 BC–200 AD? | Italian (Ancient Roman) | Rome | Italy | Leaded bronze | Idiophone-Struck-bell-clapper"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T2_music_ec709f530b1d", "question": {"media": "1504b4d0093c8fdd.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"1504b4d0093c8fdd.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
diff --git a/release/questions/T2/politics.jsonl b/release/questions/T2/politics.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6b95110058726bc6a792a10a83fd192b56927230
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/questions/T2/politics.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["... Kundgebung ... mit Ministerpräsident a.D. Karl Arnold CDU CDU. Einheit . Freiheit . Frieden . CDU . Einheit ... Plakatart: Ankündigungsplakat Auftraggeber: CDU-Bundesgeschäftsstelle, Bonn Drucker_Druckart_Druckort: KVD, Köln Objekt-Signatur: 10-009 : 365 Bestand: Landtagswahlplakate Nordrhein-Westfalen (10-009) GliederungBestand10-18: Landtagswahlplakate Nordrhein-Westfalen (10-009) » Landtagswahl am 6.7.1958 » Ankündigungsplakate", "\"We cannot perform magic - but we can do our job. Do your part. Vote CDU.\" This campaign poster was created for Germany's first postwar election in 1949.", "Dr. Reiner Haseloff Unser neuer Ministerpräsident Am 20. März beide Stimmen CDU Abbildung: Foto - Autogramm Kommentar: Wahlplakat 3. Welle Internetdownload Plakatart: Kandidaten-/Personenplakat mit Porträt Auftraggeber: V.i.S.d.P.: CDU Sachsen-Anhalt, Bernd Reisener, Magdeburg Objekt-Signatur: 10-036 : 1402 Bestand: Landtagswahlplakate Sachsen-Anhalt (10-036) GliederungBestand10-18: Landtagswahlplakate Sachsen-Anhalt (10-036) » CDU", "Uwe Greve \"Wer etwas bewegen will, muß selbst anpacken.\" Sicher in die Zukunft CDU Abbildung: Foto - hält einen Backstein in seiner Hand Plakatart: Kandidaten-/Personenplakat mit Porträt Objekt-Signatur: 10-001 : 4073 Bestand: Plakate zu Bundestagswahlen (10-001) GliederungBestand10-18: Plakate zu Bundestagswahlen (10-001) » Die 13. Bundestagswahl am 16. Oktober 1994 » CDU » Mit Porträtfoto"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T2_politics_704ba55bc512", "question": {"media": "d3ac9bf6994c7cb9.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"d3ac9bf6994c7cb9.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["A polling booth in the w:New Forest for the UK vote change referendum and local government election.", "Official portrait of Congressman Peter T. King.", "Official Portrait of Representative Stephanie Bice", "Three election posters from the political party \"Volt\" that have been hung up in the City in Bonn before the elections of the German Bundestag in 2021."], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T2_politics_d6ac45f7421b", "question": {"media": "cc99295ea0552350.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"cc99295ea0552350.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["A simple Portable Network Graphics (.png) rendering of an \"Ike\" button, popularized during the 1952 United States presidential election, supportive of the candidacy of Army General Dwight D. Eisenhower for President of the United States as a Republican. This image, which I (Tyrol5) created myself using simple image editing software, is based loosely on the likes of this.", "2000 Washington Senate election results by county.", "Tiobox transparent plastic ballot box used for elections and voting.", "Rep. Mike Bost (R-IL) official photo, 117th Congress"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T2_politics_3a098bd04c28", "question": {"media": "c24d921ea3f47aef.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"c24d921ea3f47aef.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["A simple Portable Network Graphics (.png) rendering of an \"Ike\" button, popularized during the 1952 United States presidential election, supportive of the candidacy of Army General Dwight D. Eisenhower for President of the United States as a Republican. This image, which I (Tyrol5) created myself using simple image editing software, is based loosely on the likes of this.", "2018 General Elections in Turkey: Ballot counting at a voting station (school) in Çankaya, Ankara: Please notice the little girl (who is not looking at the objective) following the results beside her father, making a \"democracy internship\".", "Kay Bailey Hutchison, member of the United States Senate.", "Rep. Claudia Tenney (R-NY) official portrait, 117th Congress"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T2_politics_a9ffa784b517", "question": {"media": "cc1922aa77e87420.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"cc1922aa77e87420.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["A weathered but unaltered Hamilton Fish election poster as seen in 2012 in NYC", "Luzhkov: I vote for Russia's future. A 2008 Russian Presidential Campaign banner in Manezhnaya Square.", "KOIB voting machines at district 3027 in Khimki", "Election posters for \"Kulanu\" and \"Israel beyteno\" in Lod, 2019"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T2_politics_8c9363b8c79c", "question": {"media": "e33e69b7d57f3c79.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"e33e69b7d57f3c79.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Abigail Spanberger, member of the United States House of Representatives from Virginia.", "Official portrait of Congresswoman Lynn Jenkins (R-KS).", "Official Portrait of Representative Tracey Mann", "Official Portrait of Representative Randy Feenstra"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T2_politics_1bbcb94c1d74", "question": {"media": "efe0d5e8ec81b856.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"efe0d5e8ec81b856.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Ben Ray Luján, House Representative from New Mexico", "David P. Joyce, House Representative from Ohio", "Elizabeth Esty, House Representative from Connecticut", "David G. Reichert, House Representative from Washington"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T2_politics_e6c9c75a54b1", "question": {"media": "7baaae357029fd29.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"7baaae357029fd29.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Board of Nissewaard a leader in municipal elections", "MHP (Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi, Nationalist Action Party) and CHP (Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi, Republican People's Party) election buses before the Turkish municipal elections in Beşiktaş, İstanbul, Turkey.", "A polling booth in the w:New Forest for the UK vote change referendum and local government election.", "Tiobox transparent plastic ballot box used for elections and voting."], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T2_politics_18ba63cc2d24", "question": {"media": "bb6ac51aa5d30ffb.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"bb6ac51aa5d30ffb.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Bob Latta as a Representative from Ohio.", "Official Portrait of Representative Bob Good", "An election advertisement for Aaro Heikkilä (SDP) published in the North Karelia electoral district in 1970.", "1948 election poster for Irish political party Fianna Fáil"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T2_politics_724893207701", "question": {"media": "ed3ffb8e2743c339.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"ed3ffb8e2743c339.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Collection: Cornell University Collection of Political Americana, Cornell University Library Repository: Susan H. Douglas Political Americana Collection, #2214 Rare & Manuscript Collections, Cornell University Library, Cornell University Title: William H. Taft-Sherman Campaign Buttons and Badge, ca. 1912 Political Party: Republican Election Year: 1912 Date Made: ca. 1912 Measurement: Mount: 11 x 8 1/2 in.; 27.94 x 21.59 cm Classification: Photographs Persistent URI: hdl.handle.net/1813.001/613b", "A common example of vituperation by people on 2010 Afghanistan Parliamentary Election.", "KOIB voting machines at district 3027 in Khimki", "Advert on the back of one of Stockholms spårvägars (the local bus operator in Stockholm at the time) trolleybuses that says vote no at the election regarding if Sweden should drive on the right or left side. The election took place at October 16, 1955. September 3, 1967 Sweden did go from left hand to right hand driving though the result of the election showed that over 80 % wanted to keep driving on the left side of the road."], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T2_politics_a7ef114f3047", "question": {"media": "90b62e190cb3736e.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"90b62e190cb3736e.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Congressman Miller attends the Rainbow Community Center's 5th Annual Pride on the Plaza", "FrOfficial Ballot Maryland Prince George's County Republican Primary, 2012", "Richard John Santorum, aka Rick Santorum, is a former United States Senator from Pennsylvania. He is a Republican presidential candidate for 2012. The body was adapted from a photo by Russell Lee for the U.S. Farm Security Administration available from the Library of Congress.", "Robie's Country Store, an institution in American elections for decades. Hooksett, New Hampshire"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T2_politics_c0259e2a91c8", "question": {"media": "e32252bb7ef7f37c.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"e32252bb7ef7f37c.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["County council election campaign poster for the Swedish Centre Party from 1930. Text: \"Butter or margarine\". The party's bill that the county council's medical services should only serve butter and not margarine has been defeated by the other parties.", "Rep. Mike Bost (R-IL) official photo, 117th Congress", "Mike Pence, member of the United States House of Representatives.", "Parliamentary election posters in Tampere, Finland."], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T2_politics_9d10a963deee", "question": {"media": "c8e85e3329168e67.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"c8e85e3329168e67.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Daniel Lipinski, House Representative from Illinois", "Hank Johnson, House Representative from Georgia", "Steny Hoyer, House Representative from Maryland, Minority Whip of the House of Representatives", "Ed Perlmutter, House Representative from Colorado"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T2_politics_ec1fc3152f12", "question": {"media": "92eb05723946bee3.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"92eb05723946bee3.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["David Loebsack, House Representative from Iowa", "Timothy F. Murphy, House Representative from Pennyslvania", "Keith J. Rothfus, House Representative from Pennyslvania", "Peter Welch, House Representative from Vermont"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T2_politics_08f0667474a3", "question": {"media": "b4d186c82123a74d.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"b4d186c82123a74d.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Dr. Reiner Haseloff Unser neuer Ministerpräsident Am 20. März beide Stimmen CDU Abbildung: Foto - Autogramm Kommentar: Wahlplakat 3. Welle Internetdownload Plakatart: Kandidaten-/Personenplakat mit Porträt Auftraggeber: V.i.S.d.P.: CDU Sachsen-Anhalt, Bernd Reisener, Magdeburg Objekt-Signatur: 10-036 : 1402 Bestand: Landtagswahlplakate Sachsen-Anhalt (10-036) GliederungBestand10-18: Landtagswahlplakate Sachsen-Anhalt (10-036) » CDU", "\"We cannot perform magic - but we can do our job. Do your part. Vote CDU.\" This campaign poster was created for Germany's first postwar election in 1949.", "Uwe Greve \"Wer etwas bewegen will, muß selbst anpacken.\" Sicher in die Zukunft CDU Abbildung: Foto - hält einen Backstein in seiner Hand Plakatart: Kandidaten-/Personenplakat mit Porträt Objekt-Signatur: 10-001 : 4073 Bestand: Plakate zu Bundestagswahlen (10-001) GliederungBestand10-18: Plakate zu Bundestagswahlen (10-001) » Die 13. Bundestagswahl am 16. Oktober 1994 » CDU » Mit Porträtfoto", "... Kundgebung ... mit Ministerpräsident a.D. Karl Arnold CDU CDU. Einheit . Freiheit . Frieden . CDU . Einheit ... Plakatart: Ankündigungsplakat Auftraggeber: CDU-Bundesgeschäftsstelle, Bonn Drucker_Druckart_Druckort: KVD, Köln Objekt-Signatur: 10-009 : 365 Bestand: Landtagswahlplakate Nordrhein-Westfalen (10-009) GliederungBestand10-18: Landtagswahlplakate Nordrhein-Westfalen (10-009) » Landtagswahl am 6.7.1958 » Ankündigungsplakate"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T2_politics_fe94e87a0c13", "question": {"media": "9d3b0160a490cc54.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"9d3b0160a490cc54.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Election poster for Yulia Tymoshenko next the the park, Dnipropetrovsk.", "Official portrait of Congressman Peter T. King.", "Congressional Portrait, Congressman Chris Cox", "Rep. Mike Bost (R-IL) official photo, 117th Congress"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T2_politics_25d9c6bd2282", "question": {"media": "367e081a1d1f99d7.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"367e081a1d1f99d7.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Election time municipality Council in Spijkenisse", "A sign for the far-right Buffalo Party of Saskatchewan, 2020 provincial election. This candidate would ultimately come second place in the Kindersley constituency.", "Third Reich memorabilia and collectables: Nazi propaganda, election posters, NSDAP signs, Hitler portraits, etc. Adolf Hitler ist der Sieg! ('Adolf Hitler is the Victory!'), Nazi propaganda poster 1943 by Rudolf Gerhard-Zill Führer wir folgen dir! Alle sagen Ja! (NS-Propagandaplakat über die Vereinigung der Ämter von Reichskanzler und Reichspräsident 1934) Small decoration pennants with Nazi swastikas (National flag of Nazi Germany) Adolf Hitler Mein Kampf (advertising poster for Hitler's book) Einmaliges Gastspiel Horst Wessel (theatrical poster) Von der Reichszeugmeisterei der N.S.D.A.P. zugelassene Verkaufsstelle für Bekleidung, Ausrüstung und Abzeichen (enamel wall sign for a shop selling uniform and insignia products approved by the The Reichszeugmeisterei (quartermaster's office), the national material control office of Nazi Germany ) Der Bannerträger ('The Standard bearer'), portratit of Hitler as knight by Hubert Lanzinger 1934-36 Unser Gruß ist Heil Hitler ('Our greeting is Heil Hitler!', enamel wall sign with Nazi swastika) Hitler portrait Auch Du by Ottomar Anton, recruting young Hitler Youths to the Waffen-SS, ca. 1943 Melde dich freiwillig zum Wehrdienst in der Panzer-Grenadierdivision Feldherrnhalle (Aufruf durch die SA), painting by Axster-Heudtlass, showing idealised young men, tank, etc. Fall 1943, 59,5 x 83,5 cm etc. Photo taken in 2015 showing items from the former International Museum of World War II in Natick, Massachusetts, a few miles west of Boston. The museum existed from 1999 to 2019 and housed a by-reservation-only exhibition of memorabilia and militaria consisting of over 7,000 artifacts, 100 uniforms, books, photos, etc.", "Official Portrait of Representative Andrew Garbarino"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T2_politics_7bf5b510e7c9", "question": {"media": "46a58f0712dfc061.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"46a58f0712dfc061.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["FrOfficial Ballot Maryland Prince George's County Republican Primary, 2012", "Richard John Santorum, aka Rick Santorum, is a former United States Senator from Pennsylvania. He is a Republican presidential candidate for 2012. The body was adapted from a photo by Russell Lee for the U.S. Farm Security Administration available from the Library of Congress.", "Congressman Miller attends the Rainbow Community Center's 5th Annual Pride on the Plaza", "1980 Washington senate election by counties"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T2_politics_8f73d5508153", "question": {"media": "f8cff5e21c5d9c62.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"f8cff5e21c5d9c62.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Gene Green, House Representative from Texas", "David P. Joyce, House Representative from Ohio", "Alan Nunnelee, House Representative from Mississippi", "Rick Crawford, House Representative from Arkansas"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T2_politics_b23eb34cf7b2", "question": {"media": "9d9be20791e52800.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"9d9be20791e52800.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["James Clyburn, member of the United States House of Representatives and Majority Whip.", "Official portrait of Congresswoman Tulsi Gabbard (D-HI)", "Tracey Mann (R-KS), official portrait, 117th Congress.", "Official portrait of U.S. Senator Mazie Hirono (D-HI)."], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T2_politics_20796aeb1058", "question": {"media": "f147bbb4a234bad6.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"f147bbb4a234bad6.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Kirsten Gillibrand, United States Senator from New York and former Congresswoman representing New York's 20th congressional district. This photo was taken when she was a member of the House of Representatives.", "KOIB voting machines at district 3027 in Khimki", "MHP (Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi, Nationalist Action Party) and CHP (Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi, Republican People's Party) election buses before the Turkish municipal elections in Beşiktaş, İstanbul, Turkey.", "Election posters for municipal elections, Apeldoorn 2010"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T2_politics_d2fd8df5f3dd", "question": {"media": "ce93d551a0dffcf5.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"ce93d551a0dffcf5.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Logo/symbol of the Alignment of the Israeli Labor Party and Mapam, utilized in the 1969 Israeli election cycle", "Some shots taken on polling day in Vanuatu's 2012 general election.", "Voters in Des Moines precincts 44, 58 and 59 cast their ballots at Callanan Middle School.", "Mike Pence, member of the United States House of Representatives."], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T2_politics_88b478e5ceac", "question": {"media": "65e70e6fbeb62120.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description serves as the authoritative description of the image \"65e70e6fbeb62120.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Maryland Dream Act Election Night Celebration", "Robie's Country Store, an institution in American elections for decades. Hooksett, New Hampshire", "Chris Collins Updated Official Portrait 113th Congress", "Former Senator George LeMieux speaking at CPAC FL in Orlando, Florida."], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T2_politics_870eec883331", "question": {"media": "62b2bafc6e5b18a8.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"62b2bafc6e5b18a8.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Nydia M. Velázquez , House Representative from New York", "David G. Reichert, House Representative from Washington", "Steny Hoyer, House Representative from Maryland, Minority Whip of the House of Representatives", "Ed Perlmutter, House Representative from Colorado"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T2_politics_6f73f9b1df35", "question": {"media": "2386db2f52304768.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"2386db2f52304768.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Official 113th Congressional portrait of Republican United States Representative, Paul Ryan, of Wisconsin's 1st congressional district.", "Poster used by the 50Plus party of the Netherlands in the EU elections of 2014", "Thai provincial election 20 December 2020, Koh Samui, Surat Thani Province.", "MHP (Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi, Nationalist Action Party) and CHP (Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi, Republican People's Party) election buses before the Turkish municipal elections in Beşiktaş, İstanbul, Turkey."], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T2_politics_24ea3d923ae5", "question": {"media": "ed557d11b35510ef.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"ed557d11b35510ef.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Official portrait of Congressman John Fleming (R-LA)", "Lincoln Davis, member of the United States Congress.", "Official portrait of United States Senator John Thune.", "Official portrait of U.S. Senator Heidi Heitkamp (D-ND)."], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T2_politics_6383c8e6c2b5", "question": {"media": "48f71fbd826e9a0f.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"48f71fbd826e9a0f.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Official portrait of US Rep. Ann Marie Buerkle", "Rep. August Pfluger (R-TX) official photo, 117th Congress", "Official Portrait of Representative Tracey Mann", "Official Portrait of Representative Randy Feenstra"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T2_politics_0e37ff57917e", "question": {"media": "a99044a846b93a35.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"a99044a846b93a35.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Official portrait of United States Senator Joe Manchin.", "Kendrick Meek, member of the United States Congress.", "Official portrait of Congressman John Fleming (R-LA)", "Todd Tiahrt, member of the United States Congress."], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T2_politics_4c408552c223", "question": {"media": "f646f2975184b8ab.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"f646f2975184b8ab.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Polling station Nr. 243 before 2011 Latvian Parliamentary election in Rēzekne.", "2000 Washington Senate election results by county.", "A campaign flier distributed near a voting station in the 2015 election for mayor of Bridgeport, CT.", "Sen. Mike Braun (R-IN) official Senate Portrait"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T2_politics_9271f8aec406", "question": {"media": "af765f5857decde7.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description serves as the authoritative description of the image \"af765f5857decde7.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Posters for the Denk political party during the Dutch municipal elections 2022, that are located in the Rotterdammer neighbourhood of the Oude Noorden, Rotterdam-Noord.", "An election poster for the VVD (\"People's Party for Freedom and Democracy\") in the Groninger village of Oude Pekela.", "A pamphlet issued as a part of a political campaign for the BIJ1 political party during the Dutch municipal elections of 2022, that is located in the Rotterdammer neighbourhood of 110-Morgen, Hillegersberg-Schiebroek.", "An election poster for the Democratic Party '66 in the city of Groningen."], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T2_politics_8b4fb9372b00", "question": {"media": "7952053077f9c52d.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"7952053077f9c52d.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Presidential elections in 2012. Precinct № 401 in Central town library named after Arkady Petrovich Malashenko, Pereslavl. Anonymous voter votes.", "Portrait of U.S. Senator Steve Daines (R-MT)", "Sen. Mike Braun (R-IN) official Senate Portrait", "Special board for election campaigns filled with poster of pro and against parties of Association agreement with Ukraine. Located in Utrecht."], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T2_politics_5901e7bb65e8", "question": {"media": "e430b52e95252929.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"e430b52e95252929.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Rep. Claudia Tenney (R-NY) official portrait, 117th Congress", "Mayor sign for David Miller's re-election", "Electoral poster of Romania's National Democratic Party, used in the 1932 election; prominently features the party two-squares logo. Reads: Plugari, Votați semnul Conversiunei, Care va [sic] dat din nou viața, descătușindu-vă din lanțurile cămătarului, redându-vă liber pământul pentru care ați sângerat în răsboiu. Votați semnul Conversiunei (\"Plowmen, Vote for the symbol of [debt] Conversion, which has restored your life, breaking apart the usurer's bondage, returning to you for free the land for which you have suffered during the war. Vote for the symbol of Conversion\").", "Election posters for municipal elections, Apeldoorn 2010"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T2_politics_eda540578e91", "question": {"media": "3c2f30908f54c008.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"3c2f30908f54c008.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Sherrod Brown as Representative from Ohio.", "placard for \"yes\" in Moroccan referendum on constitution change of 1st of July 2011 (decided as a reaction to protests of Arab spring), still present on July 3 (it should have been removed on 30 of June). The \"yes\" is associated with picture of King Mohammed VI who announced he would vote for the new constitution. The add is supported by inhabitants of old portuguese district of El Jadida", "Parliamentary election posters in Tampere, Finland.", "\"Braden o Perón\" (Spruille Braden or Juan Domingo Peron) was a political campaign in 1946, when Peron was elected president of Argentina"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T2_politics_1d3b7bf1769e", "question": {"media": "3f095f7162ea7bfa.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"3f095f7162ea7bfa.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Third Reich memorabilia and collectables: Nazi propaganda, election posters, NSDAP signs, Hitler portraits, etc. Adolf Hitler ist der Sieg! ('Adolf Hitler is the Victory!'), Nazi propaganda poster 1943 by Rudolf Gerhard-Zill Führer wir folgen dir! Alle sagen Ja! (NS-Propagandaplakat über die Vereinigung der Ämter von Reichskanzler und Reichspräsident 1934) Small decoration pennants with Nazi swastikas (National flag of Nazi Germany) Adolf Hitler Mein Kampf (advertising poster for Hitler's book) Einmaliges Gastspiel Horst Wessel (theatrical poster) Von der Reichszeugmeisterei der N.S.D.A.P. zugelassene Verkaufsstelle für Bekleidung, Ausrüstung und Abzeichen (enamel wall sign for a shop selling uniform and insignia products approved by the The Reichszeugmeisterei (quartermaster's office), the national material control office of Nazi Germany ) Der Bannerträger ('The Standard bearer'), portratit of Hitler as knight by Hubert Lanzinger 1934-36 Unser Gruß ist Heil Hitler ('Our greeting is Heil Hitler!', enamel wall sign with Nazi swastika) Hitler portrait Auch Du by Ottomar Anton, recruting young Hitler Youths to the Waffen-SS, ca. 1943 Melde dich freiwillig zum Wehrdienst in der Panzer-Grenadierdivision Feldherrnhalle (Aufruf durch die SA), painting by Axster-Heudtlass, showing idealised young men, tank, etc. Fall 1943, 59,5 x 83,5 cm etc. Photo taken in 2015 showing items from the former International Museum of World War II in Natick, Massachusetts, a few miles west of Boston. The museum existed from 1999 to 2019 and housed a by-reservation-only exhibition of memorabilia and militaria consisting of over 7,000 artifacts, 100 uniforms, books, photos, etc.", "DRC Kinshasa 28th of November 2011. Elections Day, Voting Day and Ballots counting. MONUSCO / Myriam Asmani", "A group of Red Shirts as they pose at the polls at Old Hundred, Scotland County, North Carolina, on Election Day, 8 November 1898. Some members of the group sport white supremacy buttons and pistols. From the General Negative Collection, North Carolina State Archives, Raleigh, NC.", "people milling about before and after voting at Colegio Patrocinio de San José for 2019 Spanish general elections in Madrid."], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T2_politics_dbf3635b7e1a", "question": {"media": "cd7896c284b1ed48.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"cd7896c284b1ed48.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Third Reich memorabilia and collectables: Nazi propaganda, election posters, NSDAP signs, Hitler portraits, etc. Adolf Hitler ist der Sieg! ('Adolf Hitler is the Victory!'), Nazi propaganda poster 1943 by Rudolf Gerhard-Zill Führer wir folgen dir! Alle sagen Ja! (NS-Propagandaplakat über die Vereinigung der Ämter von Reichskanzler und Reichspräsident 1934) Small decoration pennants with Nazi swastikas (National flag of Nazi Germany) Adolf Hitler Mein Kampf (advertising poster for Hitler's book) Einmaliges Gastspiel Horst Wessel (theatrical poster) Von der Reichszeugmeisterei der N.S.D.A.P. zugelassene Verkaufsstelle für Bekleidung, Ausrüstung und Abzeichen (enamel wall sign for a shop selling uniform and insignia products approved by the The Reichszeugmeisterei (quartermaster's office), the national material control office of Nazi Germany ) Der Bannerträger ('The Standard bearer'), portratit of Hitler as knight by Hubert Lanzinger 1934-36 Unser Gruß ist Heil Hitler ('Our greeting is Heil Hitler!', enamel wall sign with Nazi swastika) Hitler portrait Auch Du by Ottomar Anton, recruting young Hitler Youths to the Waffen-SS, ca. 1943 Melde dich freiwillig zum Wehrdienst in der Panzer-Grenadierdivision Feldherrnhalle (Aufruf durch die SA), painting by Axster-Heudtlass, showing idealised young men, tank, etc. Fall 1943, 59,5 x 83,5 cm etc. Photo taken in 2015 showing items from the former International Museum of World War II in Natick, Massachusetts, a few miles west of Boston. The museum existed from 1999 to 2019 and housed a by-reservation-only exhibition of memorabilia and militaria consisting of over 7,000 artifacts, 100 uniforms, books, photos, etc.", "Kay Bailey Hutchison, member of the United States Senate.", "Two billboards referencing the Wellington City Council's proposed development of Shelley Bay as an election issue. Councillors referenced are Nicola Young (Lambton Ward) and Chris Calvi-Freeman, Sarah Free and Simon Marsh (Eastern Ward).", "2018 General Elections in Turkey: Ballot counting at a voting station (school) in Çankaya, Ankara: Please notice the little girl (who is not looking at the objective) following the results beside her father, making a \"democracy internship\"."], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T2_politics_1ac5a5345f31", "question": {"media": "a75f92341e1efb15.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"a75f92341e1efb15.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Timothy J. Walz, House Representative from Minnesota", "Tim Ryan, House Representative from Ohio", "Carolyn McCarthy, House Representative from New York", "Steny Hoyer, House Representative from Maryland, Minority Whip of the House of Representatives"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T2_politics_89c964a5055a", "question": {"media": "5983ce348dd1048a.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"5983ce348dd1048a.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Timothy J. Walz, House Representative from Minnesota", "Tom Latham, House Representative from Iowa", "David G. Reichert, House Representative from Washington", "Jeb Hensarling, House Representative from Texas"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T2_politics_88f8ca23a0c9", "question": {"media": "176eab21b291b87e.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"176eab21b291b87e.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Title: Vice President Garner brings down gavel to convene Senate in new session. Washington, D.C., Jan. 3. Vice President John N. Garner as he called the Senate to order today for the third session of the 76th Congress Abstract/medium: 1 negative : glass ; 4 x 5 in. or smaller", "Collection: Broadsides Call number: Broadside file/Civil rights/Folder 2/1963/5 System ID: 127963. Catalog link: 127963 Freedom Candidates: Aaron Henry for Governor, Rev. Ed King for Lieutenant Governor Please see our profile page for information on ordering. Scanned as TIFF file in 2015/04/16 by MDAH.", "Title: California Senator-elect gets 'feel' of desk in Senate chamber. Washington, D.C., Dec. 12. Senator-elect Sheridan Downey of California gets the 'feel' of the desk in the Senate chamber assigned to him today and which he will occupy when congress convenes on January 3. Downey succeeds William Gibbs McAdoo, whom he defeated in the November election, 12/12/38 Abstract/medium: 1 negative : glass ; 4 x 5 in. or smaller", "Title: Senate Chamber Abstract/medium: 1 negative : glass ; 5 x 7 in. or smaller"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T2_politics_6bd3a4674783", "question": {"media": "e8741c738880e801.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"e8741c738880e801.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Voting sign positioned outside St John's Roslyn Anglican church", "Sinn Féin election poster in 1918, quoting D. D. Sheehan MP, leading up to the December 1918 general election in Ireland.", "Luzhkov: I vote for Russia's future. A 2008 Russian Presidential Campaign banner in Manezhnaya Square.", "The Leeming Bar Community Hub, on the Wensleydale Railway, being used as a Polling Station in 2019. The hub is a converted Class 117 Diesel Multiple Unit trailer which has no power of its own, but is shunted into position by a locomotive. The Community Hub is a designated polling station in local and national elections in Great Britain. This was for the European representatives in the European Parliament."], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T2_politics_c53b8bfa9605", "question": {"media": "83732acd9c769889.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"83732acd9c769889.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["placard for \"yes\" in Moroccan referendum on constitution change of 1st of July 2011 (decided as a reaction to protests of Arab spring), still present on July 3 (it should have been removed on 30 of June). The \"yes\" is associated with picture of King Mohammed VI who announced he would vote for the new constitution. The add is supported by inhabitants of old portuguese district of El Jadida", "Voting sign positioned outside St John's Roslyn Anglican church", "Kay Bailey Hutchison, member of the United States Senate.", "Portrait of John Mica by Ned Bittinger, House of Representatives Collection."], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T2_politics_4a7c62269275", "question": {"media": "8842b659f8411449.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"8842b659f8411449.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
diff --git a/release/questions/T2/psychology.jsonl b/release/questions/T2/psychology.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f92338947fa46fa1a0dfaa55ad07533239ffb2ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/questions/T2/psychology.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["A bird's beak cuts a woman's hand; representing the sense of touch and the fact that it persists longer (in pain) than the other senses. Engraving, 16--. — A snail crawls up the wall on the right. On the left a large cobweb hangs in the window", "A man whose face expresses, according to Lavater, a great capacity for discernment. Drawing, c. 1794. — The contents page to the book lists the engraving of this drawing as \"Portrait of an accurate discerner\". In the text Lavater confesses that he has \"forgotten who this portrait represents\"", "An old woman with a plate of vegetables; representing the sense of taste. Mezzotint by A.H.J. Degmair after P.A. Wille.", "An old woman wearing spectacles; representing the sense of sight. Mezzotint by A.H.J. Degmair after P.A. Wille."], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T2_psychology_6ba9ad14c17f", "question": {"media": "db4c6b7aee924313.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"db4c6b7aee924313.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["A dying woman lies in bed: a woman at the bedside is consoled by another. Line engraving by F. Lightfoot after T. Allom.", "Diagrams illustrating: five bandaged legs (three with different sorts of splints), two heads showing veins, a bandaged head, a bandaged torso, a recepticle with body for curing shoulder dislocations and an eye operation. Line engraving by W.H. Lizars, 1830.", "Pontius Pilate prepares to kill himself in remorse. Engraving by G. Mochetti after B. Pinelli. — According to Eusebius in his 'Ecclesiastical History' (book 2, chapter 7: the main source for the legend of Pilate's suicide) Pilate killed himself in A.D. 39, on the orders of Caligula", "An itinerant medicine vendor, draped with live snakes, sells his wares from a stage to an enthusiastic audience. Line engraving by D. Ghisi after G. Romano."], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T2_psychology_2e551e6ea8a8", "question": {"media": "53a0b97ae489f05d.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"53a0b97ae489f05d.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["A face void of all discernible connection with temperament or expression. Drawing, c. 1792. — Appears in the book in a chapter on the four temperaments Lavater comments that \"there are physiognomies one is tempted to denominate petrified [last word in italics]. Detached from society, they are susceptible of nothing, and with difficulty communicate themselves to others. Firm and unshaken, persons of this sort are neither good nor bad, neither sensible nor stupid; they may be said to have no temperament. They are more common in art than in life. You find them especially in copies and imitations, made after the antique. ... Everything here is evidently fictitious, half nature, half art; I know not what to make of it\"", "Four designs of upper parts of faces, expressing different characters. Drawing, c. 1793. — Lavater analyses each face, from left to right: 1. is \"above the common, replete with candor and dignity\". \"The character of greatness in 2. approaches the sublime\". \"3 is inferior to 1, but not absolutely destitute of merit.\". \"4 unites great talents to much firmness and vivacity\"", "Johann Caspar Spurzheim giving a phrenological demonstration before Franz Joseph Gall and another seven people; a grinning devil looks on. Watercolour painting.", "A female face expressing admiration. Crayon manner print by W. Hebert, c. 1770, after C. Le Brun."], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T2_psychology_252006c0967a", "question": {"media": "1f74f6eae4690984.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"1f74f6eae4690984.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["A head divided into 35 cells representing human faculties. Woodcut, 1888, after M. Mihara. — The woodcut represents the brain in 35 cells, each labelled extensively with woodcut text in Japanese and describing the human faculties in four groups: deliberation, comprehension, opinion, and taste. They probably derive from phrenological systems of Franz Joseph Gall (1758-1828) and Johann Kaspar Spurzheim (1776-1832), and from the charts published by their followers", "Head of a boy in profile, used to illustrate phrenological classifications of mental pathology.", "Deflated, artwork of the brain — 3-dimensional handmade model of a deflated balloon handpainted to represent a brain.", "A madman designated as the poet Nathaniel Lee in Bethlem Hospital. Mezzotint by J. Watts, 1778."], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T2_psychology_f0070cb123fe", "question": {"media": "240a46410e9c33b2.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"240a46410e9c33b2.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["A man and a boy contemplating gravestones in a cemetery. Line engraving by J.M. Delattre after J.H. Ramberg.", "Mesentery: Four figures of the lacteals, the aorta & mesenterica inferior, the urinary bladder and a demonstration of vision. Line engraving by Campbell, 1816/1821.", "Saint Gregory, doubting the stigmata of Saint Francis, sees in a dream Saint Francis filling a chalice with his blood. Engraving by B. Picart, 1732. — Gregory's papal tiara is shown on the table in his bedroom", "The Hospital of Bethlem [Bedlam] at Moorfields, London: seen from the north, children playing with a boat on a pond in the foreground. Engraving by R. Watkins, August 1811, after G. Arnald, June 1811. — This is the second building of Bethlem Hospital [Bedlam], built in 1675-1676 in Moorfields, London. In 1814-1815 the hospital removed to St. George's Fields, Southwark, and the Moorfields building was subsequently demolished"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T2_psychology_4a291a90fbd1", "question": {"media": "b76522006d5b219a.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"b76522006d5b219a.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["A man and a boy contemplating gravestones in a cemetery. Line engraving by J.M. Delattre after J.H. Ramberg.", "Pontius Pilate prepares to kill himself in remorse. Engraving by G. Mochetti after B. Pinelli. — According to Eusebius in his 'Ecclesiastical History' (book 2, chapter 7: the main source for the legend of Pilate's suicide) Pilate killed himself in A.D. 39, on the orders of Caligula", "St. Luke's Hospital, Moorfields (top), Bethlem Hospital (middle), and St. Paul's School (bottom), London: the facade of each. Engraving by J. Peltro. — This is the same image of St. Luke's hospital as number 26049 in this catalogue", "Hands in various gestures, including prayer and benediction. Engraving after C. Le Brun. — A foot emerges from beneath the hands on the left"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T2_psychology_fd77feaf7069", "question": {"media": "224d609b25f0f3fc.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"224d609b25f0f3fc.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["A man whose physiognomy expresses thoughtfulness. Drawing, c. 1791. — Lavater writes that \"he feels according to reason\", is reflective rather than romantic; however \"there is a vacancy in the mouth absolutely incompatible\" with the eye, the nose, and the front and back parts of the head", "Claybury Asylum, Woodford, Essex: the Chapel. Photograph by the London & County Photographic Co., [1893?]. — Contained in an album of photographs showing: 1. the Chapel; 2. the Recreation Hall; 3. a linen room; 4. a kitchen; 5. a dormitory; 6. a nurses' day-room (?); 7. another nurses' day-room (?); 8. dining room; 9. a social room; 10. group portrait of nurses; 11. group portrait of six members of staff; 12. ironing room Claybury Asylum was commissioned by the Middlesex Court of Magistrates in 1887, as the fourth Middlesex County Asylum. The architect was George Thomas Hine (1841-1916), a specialist in designing asylums for the insane. In 1889 the uncompleted building passed to the newly created London County Council which opened it in 1893. From 1893 to 1918 it was called Claybury Asylum, from 1918 to 1937 Claybury Mental Hospital, and from 1937 to its closure in 1995 Claybury Hospital", "An itinerant surgeon extracting stones from a woman's head; symbolising the removal of her 'folly' (insanity). Line engraving after N. Weydtmans after himself. — The images of a surgeon (often itinerant) making an incision in a patient's head in order to extract 'stones' (implying madness in the individual) do not represent an actual operation, but are allegorical scenes refering to the subduction of 'folly' (madness) from the body. See further: W. Schupbach, A new look at The cure of folly, Medical history, 1978, vol. 22, pp. 267-281", "Diagram of the brain for a phrenological textbook. Pen drawing, c. 1902."], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T2_psychology_c548f8ab6610", "question": {"media": "ec1e411fdcffe768.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"ec1e411fdcffe768.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["A man with a glass of spirits; representing the sense of taste. Pen drawing by A. Overlaet, 1761, after D. Teniers.", "Inflated Ideas, artwork of the brain — 3-dimensional model of a balloon handpainted to represent a brain.", "Head showing the 'convolutions' (lobes) of the brain. Pen drawing after R. W. Reid. — Divided into frontal, temporal, and occipital lobes (inferior, middle and superior), and inferior and superior parietal lobes. A line runs diagonally from the centre to left, marked \"ascending frontal convol.\" on right side, \"ascending parietal con.\" on left. To the left of this are the \"supra marginal conv.\" and the \"angular convol.\"", "Two masks showing physiognomies expressing complaisance (left) and probity (right). Drawing, c. 1789."], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T2_psychology_d2066f982e0a", "question": {"media": "9c05dacebfe173df.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"9c05dacebfe173df.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["A sick girl in bed being counselled by a nun while another woman looks anxious. Mezzotint by S.W. Reynolds, 1829, after R.P. Bonington.", "A bird's beak cuts a woman's hand; representing the sense of touch and the fact that it persists longer (in pain) than the other senses. Engraving, 16--. — A snail crawls up the wall on the right. On the left a large cobweb hangs in the window", "A musician. Drawing, c. 1789. — Lavater comments that it is \"the imperfect image of a great musician\"", "Claybury Asylum, Woodford, Essex: a dormitory. Photograph by the London & County Photographic Co., [1893?]. — Contained in an album of photographs showing: 1. the Chapel; 2. the Recreation Hall; 3. a linen room; 4. a kitchen; 5. a dormitory; 6. a nurses' day-room (?); 7. another nurses' day-room (?); 8. dining room; 9. a social room; 10. group portrait of nurses; 11. group portrait of six members of staff; 12. ironing room Claybury Asylum was commissioned by the Middlesex Court of Magistrates in 1887, as the fourth Middlesex County Asylum. The architect was George Thomas Hine (1841-1916), a specialist in designing asylums for the insane. In 1889 the uncompleted building passed to the newly created London County Council which opened it in 1893. From 1893 to 1918 it was called Claybury Asylum, from 1918 to 1937 Claybury Mental Hospital, and from 1937 to its closure in 1995 Claybury Hospital"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T2_psychology_58383f55d4a8", "question": {"media": "b95b1918c08f2efc.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"b95b1918c08f2efc.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["A woman with closed eyes. Drawing, c. 1791, after Raphael.", "Head of an extraordinary man (according to Lavater). Drawing, c. 1793. — In the published text, Lavater remarks upon this character's piercing look which \"retains and appropriates to itself every external object which it seizes, but has no internal productive resources\". The mouth shows good taste, eloquence, and voluptuous features. \"The ascending angle of the lip is not natural, and for that reason, disgusting\"", "George Combe lecturing on phrenology to a mixed audience in his Edinburgh home?; presented as a monkey with a phrenological head. Lithograph. — The room is scattered with model heads, books and pictures, many of which are annotated", "Institute of Medical Psychology, London: the laboratory and a consulting room. Process print, 192-."], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T2_psychology_5104d7834fdb", "question": {"media": "7289c81640ab6876.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"7289c81640ab6876.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["A young woman wearing a veil and black clothing mourning at a tombstone, with her dog attending on her. Mezzotint by H. Quilley after a painting by C. Hancock, 1836.", "Four designs of upper parts of faces, expressing different characters. Drawing, c. 1793. — Lavater analyses each face, from left to right: 1. is \"above the common, replete with candor and dignity\". \"The character of greatness in 2. approaches the sublime\". \"3 is inferior to 1, but not absolutely destitute of merit.\". \"4 unites great talents to much firmness and vivacity\"", "A phrenologist examining a man's characterful head. Lithograph. — On the wall is a portrait of Gall, in the room phrenological heads and a book of \"phrenological studies\"", "Head of the Apollo Belvedere statue in the Vatican. Drawing, c. 1791."], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T2_psychology_6a2c876f1f4b", "question": {"media": "33bee10b2b762576.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"33bee10b2b762576.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["An itinerant surgeon extracting stones from a woman's head; symbolising the removal of her 'folly' (insanity). Line engraving after N. Weydtmans after himself. — The images of a surgeon (often itinerant) making an incision in a patient's head in order to extract 'stones' (implying madness in the individual) do not represent an actual operation, but are allegorical scenes refering to the subduction of 'folly' (madness) from the body. See further: W. Schupbach, A new look at The cure of folly, Medical history, 1978, vol. 22, pp. 267-281", "Jean Calas says farewell to his wife before he is executed. Drawing, c. 1789, after D.N. Chodowiecki. — The son of Jean Calas killed himself; Calas, a Protestant, attempted to cover up the suicide only to find himself accused of murdering his son because he wanted to convert to Catholicism. Calas was executed and 'l'affaire Calas' became taken up by Voltaire as an example of religious intolerance", "The dream of a patient in Jungian analysis: a person on a bridge, surrounded by swirling waters in which is a big golden fish. Drawing by M.A.C.T., 1973.", "A phrenologist examining a man's characterful head. Lithograph. — On the wall is a portrait of Gall, in the room phrenological heads and a book of \"phrenological studies\""], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T2_psychology_bce2e3fb4f26", "question": {"media": "4a87185910817ef4.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"4a87185910817ef4.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Cumberland and Westmoreland Lunatic Asylum, Garlands, Carlisle, Cumbria: north and south fronts. Wood engraving by E.H., 1858.", "An ideal human head looking at something distant. Drawing, c. 1794, after N. Poussin. — In the text Lavater calls this \"a fashionable ideal form\". The attitude is that of \"suspending judgement over a distinct object he attends to\"", "An itinerant surgeon extracting stones from a man's head; symbolising the expulsion of 'folly' (insanity), in the background is a manic woman who is waiting for the operation. Photogravure, 1926, after T. de Brij after M. de Vos. — The surgeon wears a hat which bears two crossed keys, which is apparently the seal of the city of Leiden The images of a surgeon (often itinerant) making an incision in a patient's head in order to extract 'stones' (implying madness in the individual) do not represent an actual operation, but are allegorical scenes refering to the subduction of 'folly' (madness) from the body. See further: W. Schupbach, A new look at The cure of folly, Medical history, 1978, vol. 22, pp. 267-281", "A woman, the physiognomy of whom expresses attention excited by desire. Drawing, c. 1794."], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T2_psychology_c08976d57041", "question": {"media": "b8ae0dbf219e192f.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"b8ae0dbf219e192f.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Deflated Idea, artwork of the brain — 3-dimensional handmade model of a deflated balloon handpainted to represent a brain.", "The funeral of Mrs Susannah Wesley at Bunhill Fields, the Methodist cemetery: a key to the identities of the mourners. Etching.", "Twelve human profiles in outline, sectioned to show their disproportion. Drawing, c. 1794, after A. Dürer. — Lavater entitles this image 'Caricaturas, after the Anthropometry of A. Dürer'. He uses it to illustrate his principle that the \"disproportion in the parts of the face has an influence on the physiological constitution of man. ... Will the most determined Anti-physionomist ... presume to say, that these physionomies are noble, distinguished, and intelligent. No such, and the reason of it is obvious. They all deviate from the usual proportions, and such a deviation necessarily produces disgusting forms and features\"", "Claybury Asylum, Woodford, Essex: a dormitory. Photograph by the London & County Photographic Co., [1893?]. — Contained in an album of photographs showing: 1. the Chapel; 2. the Recreation Hall; 3. a linen room; 4. a kitchen; 5. a dormitory; 6. a nurses' day-room (?); 7. another nurses' day-room (?); 8. dining room; 9. a social room; 10. group portrait of nurses; 11. group portrait of six members of staff; 12. ironing room Claybury Asylum was commissioned by the Middlesex Court of Magistrates in 1887, as the fourth Middlesex County Asylum. The architect was George Thomas Hine (1841-1916), a specialist in designing asylums for the insane. In 1889 the uncompleted building passed to the newly created London County Council which opened it in 1893. From 1893 to 1918 it was called Claybury Asylum, from 1918 to 1937 Claybury Mental Hospital, and from 1937 to its closure in 1995 Claybury Hospital"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T2_psychology_e874622d23e4", "question": {"media": "29cdc35940e255d2.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"29cdc35940e255d2.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Four human faces and one cat's face: sketches. Drawing.", "Lunatic asylum (once a convent), Granada: gateway. Photograph, ca.1900.", "Diagram of the brain for a phrenological textbook. Pen drawing, c. 1902.", "A young woman wearing a veil and black clothing mourning at a tombstone, with her dog attending on her. Mezzotint by H. Quilley after a painting by C. Hancock, 1836."], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T2_psychology_192f3a81f5a7", "question": {"media": "656cd62344ecddf5.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"656cd62344ecddf5.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Head of a famous author. Drawing, c. 1792.", "Johann Caspar Spurzheim giving a phrenological demonstration before Franz Joseph Gall and another seven people; a grinning devil looks on. Watercolour painting.", "A boy and a girl facing two fighting dogs. Engraving by C. de Passe, 159-.", "Lucas Vorsterman, the engraver: portrait. Drawing, c. 1791, after A. van Dyck."], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T2_psychology_60494c35b54b", "question": {"media": "b43e2ec2ac4e35a1.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"b43e2ec2ac4e35a1.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Herr von Mommongnon, a character with a grotesque face. Line engraving attributed to D. Custos.", "The Hospital of Bethlem [Bedlam] at Moorfields, London: seen from the north, with ladies and gentlemen walking in the foreground, one giving money to a lame man. Engraving by W. H. Toms. — This is the second building of Bethlem Hospital [Bedlam], built in 1675-1676 in Moorfields, London. In 1814-1815 the hospital removed to St. George's Fields, Southwark, and the Moorfields building was subsequently demolished", "A female face expressing admiration. Crayon manner print by W. Hebert, c. 1770, after C. Le Brun.", "A credulous congregation listening to a sermon by a fiery preacher. Engraving by T. Cook, 1798, after W. Hogarth."], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T2_psychology_9e0fc0fce691", "question": {"media": "cdedc85736678cee.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"cdedc85736678cee.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Hospital des Petits Maisons, Paris: plans. Engraving. — Psychiatric hospital in old Paris, first constructed 1782", "Diagrams illustrating: five bandaged legs (three with different sorts of splints), two heads showing veins, a bandaged head, a bandaged torso, a recepticle with body for curing shoulder dislocations and an eye operation. Line engraving by W.H. Lizars, 1830.", "Saint Gregory, doubting the stigmata of Saint Francis, sees in a dream Saint Francis filling a chalice with his blood. Engraving by B. Picart, 1732. — Gregory's papal tiara is shown on the table in his bedroom", "The Hospital of Bethlem [Bedlam] at Moorfields, London: seen from the north. Engraving with trompe l'oeil border. — This is the second building of Bethlem Hospital [Bedlam], built in 1675-1676 in Moorfields, London. In 1814-1815 the hospital removed to St. George's Fields, Southwark, and the Moorfields building was subsequently demolished"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T2_psychology_508536af3c8c", "question": {"media": "c207fce01b28d175.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"c207fce01b28d175.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Members of the British Association playing at phrenology on board a ship on its way to South Africa. Photograph by J.T. Bottomley, 1905. — A man is applying calipers to the head of the president of the British Association, Sir George Darwin, pretending to use him as a subject of phrenology (or physical anthropology?)", "Inflated Ideas, artwork of the brain — 3-dimensional model of a balloon handpainted to represent a brain.", "A female figure expressing admiration touched with astonishment. Crayon manner print by W. Hebert, c. 1770, after C. Le Brun.", "A woman, the physiognomy of whom expresses attention excited by desire. Drawing, c. 1794."], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T2_psychology_200a5b38eaee", "question": {"media": "04fbf3d1d5b84619.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"04fbf3d1d5b84619.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Outline of a face expressing veneration; profile of a male face expressing veneration or a state of attention. Etching by B. Picart, 1713, after C. Le Brun. — In other versions of the Le Brun 'passions', the right hand image is known as 'attention' Le Brun's depiction of the passions is supported by his theory of the passions, which is delineated in the 'Conférence'. In Cartesian style, each compound passion is an organisation of the six simple passions of admiration, love, hatred, desire, joy and sadness. For instance, jealousy is a composite of love and hate; despair \"is a strong persuasion of not being able to obtain what we desire\"", "Two outlines of faces showing astonishment and fear (left) and laughter (right). Etching by B. Picart, 1713, after C. Le Brun. — Le Brun's depiction of the passions is supported by his theory of the passions, which is delineated in the 'Conférence'. In Cartesian style, each compound passion is an organisation of the six simple passions of admiration, love, hatred, desire, joy and sadness. For instance, jealousy is a composite of love and hate; despair \"is a strong persuasion of not being able to obtain what we desire\"", "The suicide of Cleopatra: Cleopatra is lying dead on her bed, mourned by a servant. Etching by G.B. Cipriani after B. Cellini. — Cleopatra VII (69 BC-30 BC), Egyptian Queen, lover of Julius Caesar and later the wife of Mark Antony. After the Roman armies of Octavian (the future Emperor Augustus) defeated their combined forces, Antony and Cleopatra killed themselves, and Egypt fell under Roman domination. Rather than be dragged through the city in which she had been borne as a queen, she killed herself, possibly by means of an asp, symbol of divine royalty. The cap of liberty etched at the foot is a mark of association with Thomas Hollis, who had commissioned the print from Cipriani: Hollis was a republican and promotor of civil liberties", "Three perspectives of a skull, sectioned and numbered according to Gall's system of phrenology. Etching by Mutlow."], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T2_psychology_0b4cc1170e49", "question": {"media": "1d5c52b02d3b19c5.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"1d5c52b02d3b19c5.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Outlines of twelve faces in profile. Drawing, c. 1789. — Drawing for plate facing p. 240, vol. 1, of the first English version of J.C. Lavater's 'Essays on physiognomy' (trans. Henry Hunter, London: John Murray [etc.], 1789-1798)", "Mamamania: An artistic interpretation of Alzheimer's Disease — A study of the artists grandmother's hands, folded in her lap. The artist's grandmother suffers from Alzheimer's, and this painting was created shortly after 'Mama' moved to a nursing home, after her Alzheimer's disease progressed to a stage where could no longer look after herself. \"She lost a lot of weight, and a broad, strong, matriarch became a feeble, bird-like woman. Yet however small her frame became, her hands remained large and strong and capable.\" 'Mania' expresses the dementia Mama experiences, also reflected in the fragmented shapes and background of the painting; an atmosphere reflecting the nightmares she described earlier on in the process of losing her mind, when she was still able to explain it. Mania, also relates to the Latin roots of the word for hand. The relaxed pose of her hands in the picture alludes to the way the body can settle and remain hardy, even when the mind has become chaotic.", "Four faces: a European, a Mongolian, an Ethiopian, and a profile of Samuel Johnson; three frontal silhouettes; three skulls of the same races seen from above (in the order European, Ethiopian and Mongolian). Coloured engraving by J. Pass, 1824.", "Fourteen physiognomies. Drawing, c. 1789."], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T2_psychology_847ec7ed2f08", "question": {"media": "65e06392b6c2630e.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"65e06392b6c2630e.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Photograph described as showing a 'Man Mummy'. Caption: 'Un \"Homme Momie\"'", "Photograph: Male figure after thyroid treatment — Photograph, showing the same figure as L0060962, after thyroid treatment", "Male figure with myxedema, after treatment. Caption: 'Myxoedeme franc. Calvitie strumiprive, avant le traitement'", "Male figure showing signs of Paget's disease — Three photographs showing a male figure with what looks like Paget's disease. Caption: \"Osteite deformante de Paget\""], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T2_psychology_b269dfc8aad0", "question": {"media": "8e5f33b0d204a46d.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"8e5f33b0d204a46d.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Photograph: Male figure after thyroid treatment — Photograph, showing the same figure as L0060962, after thyroid treatment", "Photograph described as showing a 'Man Mummy'. Caption: 'Un \"Homme Momie\"'", "Male figure showing signs of Paget's disease — Three photographs showing a male figure with what looks like Paget's disease. Caption: \"Osteite deformante de Paget\"", "Male figure with myxedema, after treatment. Caption: 'Myxoedeme franc. Calvitie strumiprive, avant le traitement'"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T2_psychology_ce77324afd09", "question": {"media": "ef6fe46e853ccc00.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"ef6fe46e853ccc00.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Phrenological chart, with list of 35 faculties. Wood engraving with letterpress, written by E.T. Craig, 1836. — The system of phrenology enumerated here follows Spurzheim's 1825 version", "Jean-Martin Charcot demonstrating hysteria in a hypnotised patient at the Salpêtrière. Etching by A. Lurat, 1888, after P.A.A. Brouillet, 1887. — Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893) was an expert in neurology and psychiatry. He had a clinic at the Salpêtrière hospital in Paris. At that time the Salpêtrière combined a lunatic asylum with a home for old women, which Charcot described as a \"living museum of pathology\". While he was working there, the epileptic patients were required to be separated from the hysterics, and the task was entrusted to Charcot. He found that the vocabulary used in psychiatry was extremely confused, that there were overlaps between categories, and the categories themselves were used inconsistently. He gave demonstrations of the different pathological states by hypnotising his patients and inducing them to enact the symptoms. His favourite subject for these demonstrations was called Blanche Wittmann. She later became an employee of the hospital. André Brouillet's vast and dramatic oil painting of Charcot lecturing, Blanche Wittmann in a hypnotic trance, and the students and colleagues watching with fascination, was exhibited at the Paris Salon in 1887. The present small etching of the composition was suitable for consultant neurologists such as Sigmund Freud to frame and hang in their consulting rooms as an inspiration--unless they happened to be followers of a rival neurologist, Hippolyte Bernheim, who disputed the validity of Charcot's teachings", "Head of an extraordinary man (according to Lavater). Drawing, c. 1793. — In the published text, Lavater remarks upon this character's piercing look which \"retains and appropriates to itself every external object which it seizes, but has no internal productive resources\". The mouth shows good taste, eloquence, and voluptuous features. \"The ascending angle of the lip is not natural, and for that reason, disgusting\"", "The apostle John attempts to comfort a sorrowful Virgin Mary. Drawing after P.P. Rubens."], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T2_psychology_bb42507039dc", "question": {"media": "be0cbaa0ee771028.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"be0cbaa0ee771028.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Profile of a man deemed by Lavater to be good and gentle. Drawing, c. 1793.", "A man whose physiognomy reveals a \"sage, honorable, sprightly, judicious, profound, pious\" character. Drawing, c. 1794. — Lavater comments that \"the nose, to be bold, is a little too much on the curve\"", "Head of an apostle. Drawing, c. 1791, after Raphael.", "Esther swoons before Ahasuerus. Engraving by J. Audran after A. Coypel. — Bible. Apocrypha. The rest of Esther 15.7. It is Ahasuerus's anger that makes Esther faint of fear, but God changes \"the spirit of the king to mildness\" (Apocrypha. Esther 15.8) The marriage of the Jewish Esther to the Persian Ahasuerus prompted plans for an anti-semitic purge by the king's vizier, Haman"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T2_psychology_62b27f96408a", "question": {"media": "fcc0658ee73aeaa7.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"fcc0658ee73aeaa7.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["St. Luke's Hospital, Moorfields (top), Bethlem Hospital (middle), and St. Paul's School (bottom), London: the facade of each. Engraving by J. Peltro. — This is the same image of St. Luke's hospital as number 26049 in this catalogue", "Three forearms and one hand. Engraving after C. Le Brun.", "Hands in various gestures, including prayer and benediction. Engraving after C. Le Brun. — A foot emerges from beneath the hands on the left", "Designs of ears and eyes. Engraving after C. Le Brun."], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T2_psychology_900c32632b77", "question": {"media": "2bd705c0d209b7c9.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"2bd705c0d209b7c9.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The Hospital of Bethlem [Bedlam] at Moorfields, London: seen from the north, children playing with a boat on a pond in the foreground. Engraving by R. Watkins, August 1811, after G. Arnald, June 1811. — This is the second building of Bethlem Hospital [Bedlam], built in 1675-1676 in Moorfields, London. In 1814-1815 the hospital removed to St. George's Fields, Southwark, and the Moorfields building was subsequently demolished", "Designs of ears and eyes. Engraving after C. Le Brun.", "Mesentery: Four figures of the lacteals, the aorta & mesenterica inferior, the urinary bladder and a demonstration of vision. Line engraving by Campbell, 1816/1821.", "Three forearms and one hand. Engraving after C. Le Brun."], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T2_psychology_39d2614c5b3c", "question": {"media": "fbb2eb7ff3b894c7.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"fbb2eb7ff3b894c7.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The Hospital of Bethlem [Bedlam] at Moorfields, London: seen from the north, with sheep grazing and people walking in the foreground. Coloured wood engraving by W. H. Prior after an earlier engraving. — This is the second building of Bethlem Hospital [Bedlam], built in 1675-1676 in Moorfields, London. In 1814-1815 the hospital removed to St. George's Fields, Southwark, and the Moorfields building was subsequently demolished This print is closely related to the print number 25637i in this catalogue", "Franz Joseph Gall examines the head of Louis-Philippe and finds bumps which indicate various virtuous qualities. Wood engraving, 1832. — From the characteristics of generosity etc. signified by Louis-Philippe's 'bumps', Gall infers the truth of his system", "The funeral of a Chinese merchant's wife in Hong Kong. Wood engraving after G.W. Cooke (?), 1859. — A woman weeps, people kowtow before an altar, several men smoke tobacco and opium. Paintings of Chinese deities are hanging on the walls", "A male figure and three phrenological heads. Wood engraving."], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T2_psychology_644b982f4ba7", "question": {"media": "7e2bf7fe0adb85cb.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"7e2bf7fe0adb85cb.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The Hospital of Bethlem [Bedlam], St. George's Fields, Lambeth: a female dormitory. Wood engraving by F. Vizetelly after F. Palmer, 1860.", "A depressive man standing by a country pond in the pouring rain - not helping his state of mind. Wood engraving, 1869. — Bears caption: \"It's very well to go down for six weeks into the country by yourself, to give up tobacco and stimulants, and to live the whole day, so to speak, in open air; but all this will do you no good ... cultivate a cheerful frame of mind, and take a lively view of things.\"", "A woman has just died: one man breaks the news to another. Wood engraving.", "Franz Joseph Gall examines the head of Louis-Philippe and finds bumps which indicate various virtuous qualities. Wood engraving, 1832. — From the characteristics of generosity etc. signified by Louis-Philippe's 'bumps', Gall infers the truth of his system"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T2_psychology_4bd73d8c6715", "question": {"media": "e0f96d80dbaffc48.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"e0f96d80dbaffc48.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The Hospital of Bethlem [Bedlam], St. George's Fields, Lambeth: the billiard room. Wood engraving by F. Vizetelly, 1860.", "The Hospital of Bethlem [Bedlam] at Moorfields, London: seen from the north, with sheep grazing and people walking in the foreground. Coloured wood engraving by W. H. Prior after an earlier engraving. — This is the second building of Bethlem Hospital [Bedlam], built in 1675-1676 in Moorfields, London. In 1814-1815 the hospital removed to St. George's Fields, Southwark, and the Moorfields building was subsequently demolished This print is closely related to the print number 25637i in this catalogue", "Franz Joseph Gall examines the head of Louis-Philippe and finds bumps which indicate various virtuous qualities. Wood engraving, 1832. — From the characteristics of generosity etc. signified by Louis-Philippe's 'bumps', Gall infers the truth of his system", "The funeral of a Chinese merchant's wife in Hong Kong. Wood engraving after G.W. Cooke (?), 1859. — A woman weeps, people kowtow before an altar, several men smoke tobacco and opium. Paintings of Chinese deities are hanging on the walls"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T2_psychology_aba7cb162e17", "question": {"media": "54382190f2ee689e.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"54382190f2ee689e.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The apostle John attempts to comfort a sorrowful Virgin Mary. Drawing after P.P. Rubens.", "Head of a famous author. Drawing, c. 1792.", "Institute of Medical Psychology, London: the laboratory and a consulting room. Process print, 192-.", "King George III of the United Kingdom. Etching by W. Lowry, 1817, after M.C. Wyatt."], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T2_psychology_0269b722bad4", "question": {"media": "375ce5e071441bf8.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"375ce5e071441bf8.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The dream of a patient in Jungian analysis: a railway tunnel, in which the rails at the far end form the trunk of a tree. Drawing by M.A.C.T., 197-.", "A horse-drawn hearse pulls away from a doctor's; representing the dire state of the medical establishment according to James Morison, pill-vendor and self-styled 'Hygeian'. Lithograph, c. 1848.", "Head showing the 'convolutions' (lobes) of the brain. Pen drawing after R. W. Reid. — Divided into frontal, temporal, and occipital lobes (inferior, middle and superior), and inferior and superior parietal lobes. A line runs diagonally from the centre to left, marked \"ascending frontal convol.\" on right side, \"ascending parietal con.\" on left. To the left of this are the \"supra marginal conv.\" and the \"angular convol.\"", "A fire in the Livingston County Poorhouse, Geneseo, New York: mentally ill women try to escape. Wood engraving, 1867."], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T2_psychology_abad18ee9d01", "question": {"media": "879a3c758dea3fb3.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"879a3c758dea3fb3.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The dream of a patient in Jungian analysis: centre, a tree; right, steps down leading to a railway (left) and a stream (right). Drawing by M.A.C.T., 1975.", "A dream: an owl flies overhead, while large and small figures stand by. Drawing attributed to Thomas Uwins.", "Eight physiognomies. Drawings by D.N. Chodowiecki, ca. 1789, after C. Le Brun.", "The Hospital of Bethlem [Bedlam] at Moorfields, London: seen from the north, with ladies and gentlemen walking in the foreground. Engraving by T. Bowles. — This is the second building of Bethlem Hospital [Bedlam], built in 1675-1676 in Moorfields, London. In 1814-1815 the hospital removed to St. George's Fields, Southwark, and the Moorfields building was subsequently demolished This print shows the eastern pavilion added, but not the western. The entrance area is depicted with a circular court with curved flanking walls either side of the main gates"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T2_psychology_9292b8430d0b", "question": {"media": "879b3c82421620c4.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"879b3c82421620c4.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The face of a man experiencing fear. Engraving by M. Engelbrecht (?), 1732, after C. Le Brun. — Le Brun's depiction of the passions is supported by his theory of the passions, which is delineated in the 'Conférence'. In Cartesian style, each compound passion is an organisation of the six simple passions of admiration, love, hatred, desire, joy and sadness. For instance, jealousy is a composite of love and hate; despair \"is a strong persuasion of not being able to obtain what we desire\"", "Head of a man with hair raised, expressing despair. Engraving by M. Engelbrecht (?), 1732, after C. Le Brun. — Le Brun's depiction of the passions is supported by his theory of the passions, which is delineated in the 'Conférence'. In Cartesian style, each compound passion is an organisation of the six simple passions of admiration, love, hatred, desire, joy and sadness. For instance, jealousy is a composite of love and hate; despair \"is a strong persuasion of not being able to obtain what we desire\"", "A man's face inclined forward, expressing compassion. Engraving by M. Engelbrecht (?), 1732, after C. Le Brun. — Le Brun's depiction of the passions is supported by his theory of the passions, which is delineated in the 'Conférence'. In Cartesian style, each compound passion is an organisation of the six simple passions of admiration, love, hatred, desire, joy and sadness. For instance, jealousy is a composite of love and hate; despair \"is a strong persuasion of not being able to obtain what we desire\"", "A woman's face expressing sadness. Engraving by M. Engelbrecht (?), 1732, after C. Le Brun. — Le Brun's depiction of the passions is supported by his theory of the passions, which is delineated in the 'Conférence'. In Cartesian style, each compound passion is an organisation of the six simple passions of admiration, love, hatred, desire, joy and sadness. For instance, jealousy is a composite of love and hate; despair \"is a strong persuasion of not being able to obtain what we desire\""], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T2_psychology_92bab5d23745", "question": {"media": "7ec6474536296893.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"7ec6474536296893.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The lunatic asylum, Brussels, Belgium. Lithograph by A.M. Jobard.", "The five senses: sight, surrounded by vignettes showing the other senses. Coloured lithograph by Belin.", "A female face expressing desire. Lithograph by P. Simonau, 1822, after C. Le Brun.", "Pilgrims receiving the Eucharist in the chapel of Saint Dymphna at Gheel. Coloured lithograph by L. Haghe. — The shrine is a place of pilgrimage for the mentally ill, who seek a cure there"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T2_psychology_58089c65e8cd", "question": {"media": "6b8cd0f153dc2a98.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"6b8cd0f153dc2a98.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["The suicide of Cleopatra: Cleopatra is lying dead on her bed, mourned by a servant. Etching by G.B. Cipriani after B. Cellini. — Cleopatra VII (69 BC-30 BC), Egyptian Queen, lover of Julius Caesar and later the wife of Mark Antony. After the Roman armies of Octavian (the future Emperor Augustus) defeated their combined forces, Antony and Cleopatra killed themselves, and Egypt fell under Roman domination. Rather than be dragged through the city in which she had been borne as a queen, she killed herself, possibly by means of an asp, symbol of divine royalty. The cap of liberty etched at the foot is a mark of association with Thomas Hollis, who had commissioned the print from Cipriani: Hollis was a republican and promotor of civil liberties", "A sick man gazes in a melancholy way, while his family and pets play. Coloured etching, c. 1820. — The clock in the top-left has been garlanded with a blue cloth, one end of which is in the mouth of a black bird. A long pipe lies on the table", "Faces expressing the passions and showing the muscles relation to expression, with an explanation of the art of 'pathognomy', the reading of facial expression. Etching, c. 1800. — The central top figures are analysed in the text according to their most pronounced muscles; the left-hand face shows scorn and the central one shows a fleshiness of muscle exhibiting a tendency to indolence and laughter. The profiles to the far left and right are of Voltaire and Samuel Johnson respectively. The central image is a face showing \"the muscles as they appear after the skin is taken off\". The bottom row shows a lion and a horse on each side, and two faces borrowed from Charles Le Brun's 'Passions': admiration and joy with tranquility. The bottom image of a dog is marked with letters, relating to the muscles of the face", "Two faces: one expressing extreme despair (left), the other anger mixed with rage (right). Etching by B. Picart, 1713, after C. Le Brun. — Le Brun's depiction of the passions is supported by his theory of the passions, which is delineated in the 'Conférence'. In Cartesian style, each compound passion is an organisation of the six simple passions of admiration, love, hatred, desire, joy and sadness. For instance, jealousy is a composite of love and hate; despair \"is a strong persuasion of not being able to obtain what we desire\""], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T2_psychology_eb1d631ad77e", "question": {"media": "deb9d111afd2ad60.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"deb9d111afd2ad60.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Three heads showing phrenological traits associated with insanity: a mentally defective person, a mad woman, and the murderer P.F. Lacenaire. Lithograph by C. Picard, 1842, after J.P. Thenot.", "Deflated Idea, artwork of the brain — 3-dimensional handmade model of a deflated balloon handpainted to represent a brain.", "David playing his harp for a distraught Saul. Steel engraving by J. Rogers after A. Gros.", "A dead man is carried on a bier with a distressed woman walking alongside. Etching by Michel Corneille after Annibale Carracci."], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T2_psychology_be3b89d2ad60", "question": {"media": "dd19b74f423b6aea.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"dd19b74f423b6aea.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Twelve human profiles in outline, sectioned to show their disproportion. Drawing, c. 1794, after A. Dürer. — Lavater entitles this image 'Caricaturas, after the Anthropometry of A. Dürer'. He uses it to illustrate his principle that the \"disproportion in the parts of the face has an influence on the physiological constitution of man. ... Will the most determined Anti-physionomist ... presume to say, that these physionomies are noble, distinguished, and intelligent. No such, and the reason of it is obvious. They all deviate from the usual proportions, and such a deviation necessarily produces disgusting forms and features\"", "A profile evaluated by Lavater as harsh and displeasing, yet with traces of wit in the eyes. Drawing, c. 1789.", "Franz Joseph Gall and Johann Caspar Spurzheim examining a patient. Watercolour painting.", "A dead man is carried on a bier with a distressed woman walking alongside. Etching by Michel Corneille after Annibale Carracci."], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T2_psychology_ca03122d3e97", "question": {"media": "aace25a137cae6c8.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"aace25a137cae6c8.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Two sections of the brain, divided into different lobes and faculties, according to Hollander's system of phrenology. Pen drawing, c. 1902.", "The dream of a patient in Jungian analysis: a railway tunnel, in which the rails at the far end form the trunk of a tree. Drawing by M.A.C.T., 197-.", "A gardener smelling a flower; representing the sense of smell. Etching by T. Kitchin after D. Teniers.", "An old woman with a crumpled face, wearing elaborate costume; a physiognomic caricature. Engraving by B. Bossi, 1776, after himself."], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T2_psychology_691ac60553a7", "question": {"media": "bb1dc746ed291bff.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"bb1dc746ed291bff.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["image"], "options": ["Uitenbogart (Johannes Wtenbogaert?): portrait. Drawing, c. 1794, after Ravenstein (?). — Published engraving contained in a chapter on eyes In the text accompanying the published engraving, Lavater writes that it is \"impossible not to love so good a physionomy, even though our religious principles should preserve an aversion to Arminianism\". The face has a phlegmatico-melancholic look and \"suffers with patience\". A footnote comments that Micrefeldt and Ravenstein have both executed portraits of Uitenbogart, and that the Ravenstein is in the collection of Lavater's brother-in-law", "Healthy adult human brain viewed from behind, tractography — Connections in the brain of a healthy 29 year old female human viewed from the back (posterior view). The top of the brain is at the top of the image. Brain cells communicate with each other through these nerve fibres, which have been visualised using diffusion imaging tractography. Diffusion weighted imaging is a specialised type of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan which measures water diffusion in many directions in order to reconstruct the orientation of bundles of axons. Tractography is used to indirectly model these bundles of axons (nerve fibres), which transmit information between cortical regions at the brain's surface. For example, connections travelling between the two sides of the brain (hemispheres) which make up the corpus callosum are visible. The brain measures approximately 18 cm from front to back.", "Lunatic asylum (once a convent), Granada: gateway. Photograph, ca.1900.", "A man whose physiognomy reveals a \"sage, honorable, sprightly, judicious, profound, pious\" character. Drawing, c. 1794. — Lavater comments that \"the nose, to be bold, is a little too much on the curve\""], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T2_psychology_47aa9dff8479", "question": {"media": "45d199d2a0bb5756.jpg", "text": "Which candidate description is the authoritative description of the image \"45d199d2a0bb5756.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T2"}
diff --git a/release/questions/T3/building.jsonl b/release/questions/T3/building.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b422b844b10bb44b1e6a1a65d491e38c71ebb5ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/questions/T3/building.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T3_building_063e8e76290d", "question": {"start": "c4441029b9f77ef2.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subjects \"cs.AI\", \"cs.CV\", and \"cs.LG\" with the PDF document \"c4441029b9f77ef2.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T3_building_0fa0e620c1ef", "question": {"start": "048330cc6f4a11b2.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares an author with the PDF document \"048330cc6f4a11b2.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T3_building_18347863f9f8", "question": {"start": "physics.optics", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the only PDF document whose subject is \"physics.optics\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T3_building_1ea74e47f34b", "question": {"start": "physics.ao-ph", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the only PDF document whose subject is \"physics.ao-ph\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T3_building_277280bbb3c3", "question": {"start": "13c4aaf3e728bf7e.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares an author with the PDF document \"13c4aaf3e728bf7e.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T3_building_2d1bf13b276c", "question": {"start": "153146d4c2b99e53.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subjects \"cs.AI\", \"cs.CV\", and \"cs.LG\" with the PDF document \"153146d4c2b99e53.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T3_building_2ea1a39b3078", "question": {"start": "eccc731c6d27b986.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subjects \"cs.AI\", \"cs.CE\", and \"cs.LG\" with the PDF document \"eccc731c6d27b986.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T3_building_3342969006ad", "question": {"start": "6c278850b9ea416c.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"cs.SI\" with the PDF document \"6c278850b9ea416c.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T3_building_33d55ebb7871", "question": {"start": "stat.AP", "text": "What is the date of the submission event of the other PDF document that shares the subject \"cs.SI\" with the only PDF document whose subject is \"stat.AP\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T3_building_3515b961de2e", "question": {"start": "7177cd9ab40b1e31.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"cs.CY\" with the PDF document \"7177cd9ab40b1e31.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T3_building_3e4b50c9d339", "question": {"start": "26d16e829f9ae3aa.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"math.OC\" with the PDF document \"26d16e829f9ae3aa.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T3_building_3f949efbcb6d", "question": {"start": "ca1a284f4f8dbfde.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares an author with the PDF document \"ca1a284f4f8dbfde.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T3_building_41db8682165b", "question": {"start": "cs.NI", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the only PDF document whose subject is \"cs.NI\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T3_building_50f15a18b4ef", "question": {"start": "cs.OS", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the only PDF document whose subject is \"cs.OS\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T3_building_568b8f7e9175", "question": {"start": "c4441029b9f77ef2.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"stat.ML\" with the PDF document \"c4441029b9f77ef2.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T3_building_6025e22c449d", "question": {"start": "stat.AP", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the only PDF document whose subject is \"stat.AP\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T3_building_618b6b4ef88f", "question": {"start": "688658e595291f8e.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subjects \"cs.LG\" and \"physics.soc-ph\" with the PDF document \"688658e595291f8e.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T3_building_68525b947912", "question": {"start": "75c29388226257e4.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"math.OC\" with the PDF document \"75c29388226257e4.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T3_building_6f64c28e7602", "question": {"start": "d57978e3f1070147.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subjects \"cs.AI\", \"cs.LG\", and \"cs.RO\" with the PDF document \"d57978e3f1070147.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T3_building_7aeb842a6767", "question": {"start": "physics.bio-ph", "text": "Who is the author of the only PDF document whose subject is \"physics.bio-ph\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T3_building_8d19069a33b9", "question": {"start": "physics.bio-ph", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the only PDF document whose subject is \"physics.bio-ph\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T3_building_92ba7a859e51", "question": {"start": "51a6865eaae85c38.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"cs.CY\" with the PDF document \"51a6865eaae85c38.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T3_building_aa27d9f0003c", "question": {"start": "eess.IV", "text": "What is the date of the submission event of the only PDF document whose subject is \"eess.IV\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T3_building_c3da95092053", "question": {"start": "4e1f72b5a9e24a87.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event of the other PDF document that shares an author with the PDF document \"4e1f72b5a9e24a87.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T3_building_c587e4d3d88f", "question": {"start": "ee9d2fff395bce14.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"stat.ML\" with the PDF document \"ee9d2fff395bce14.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T3_building_ceb26da96c57", "question": {"start": "econ.GN", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the only PDF document whose subject is \"econ.GN\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T3_building_d274c9ea4133", "question": {"start": "45e1a36f06f46315.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subjects \"cs.LG\" and \"physics.soc-ph\" with the PDF document \"45e1a36f06f46315.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T3_building_e6ae3fe83ce7", "question": {"start": "dd3aa233c95f3cd4.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subjects \"cs.AI\", \"cs.LG\" and \"cs.RO\" with the PDF document \"dd3aa233c95f3cd4.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T3_building_e6dd44d205c1", "question": {"start": "c644e66e2a5f5862.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subjects \"cs.AI\", \"cs.CE\", and \"cs.LG\" with the PDF document \"c644e66e2a5f5862.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T3_building_eb7f049ccded", "question": {"start": "cs.DC", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the only PDF document whose subject is \"cs.DC\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T3_building_f9d1acc35176", "question": {"start": "cs.SY", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the only PDF document whose subject is \"cs.SY\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T3_building_fbf4b6f775f3", "question": {"start": "cs.CR", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the only PDF document whose subject is \"cs.CR\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
diff --git a/release/questions/T3/education.jsonl b/release/questions/T3/education.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6ec5dcd60d3f575687f9c8425a5204141b5e827a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/questions/T3/education.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T3_education_010c43bbd3a8", "question": {"start": "Signs (declaratory or advertising artifacts)", "text": "What is the culture of the only image whose object type is \"Signs (declaratory or advertising artifacts)\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T3_education_011c8f947a41", "question": {"start": "Headgear", "text": "What is the date of the object created event for the other image that shares the topic \"Religion\" and the topic \"Women\" with the only image whose object type is \"Headgear\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T3_education_051dee239814", "question": {"start": "desk patent model side support", "text": "What is the date of the object created event for the only image whose object type is \"desk patent model side support\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T3_education_0eba6a54895b", "question": {"start": "WW I", "text": "What is the date of the object created event for the only image whose topic is \"WW I\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T3_education_126abfe95cf0", "question": {"start": "Pan Africanism", "text": "What is the date of the object created event for the other image that shares the topic \"Black power\" with the only image whose topic is \"Pan Africanism\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T3_education_13fe4c5a0e8c", "question": {"start": "desk and seat patent model fragment", "text": "What is the date of the patented event for the only image whose object type is \"desk and seat patent model fragment\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T3_education_19ef24488b37", "question": {"start": "77e5c2e525764e1e.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the object created event for the other image that shares the object type \"Hardcover books\" and the topic \"Literature\" with the image \"77e5c2e525764e1e.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T3_education_1d9c5beb84b9", "question": {"start": "Violence", "text": "What is the culture of the only image whose topic is \"Violence\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T3_education_1f6f1e962778", "question": {"start": "32d0db8bff8756d2.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the object created event for the other image that shares the object type “Photographs”, the topic “American South” and the topic “HBCUs (Historically Black Colleges and Universities)” with the image \"32d0db8bff8756d2.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T3_education_25fcc8192d9e", "question": {"start": "855d50d1712a7455.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the object created event of the other image that shares the topic \"Reconstruction, U.S. History, 1865-1877\" and the topic \"Singers (Musicians)\" with the image \"855d50d1712a7455.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T3_education_3ccbc456a6e6", "question": {"start": "b1ab9380f7740d21.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the object created event for the other image that shares the topic \"United States History\" with the image \"b1ab9380f7740d21.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T3_education_3d6874c9eeee", "question": {"start": "Minutes", "text": "What is the department of the only image whose object type is \"Minutes\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T3_education_4e1840b57aa6", "question": {"start": "db3f1f26fab03a0b.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the object created event of the other image that shares a classification with the image \"db3f1f26fab03a0b.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T3_education_4fe7bc702cd6", "question": {"start": "866827db8e9e400d.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the object created event for the other image that shares the topic \"Religion\" and the topic \"Women\" with the image \"866827db8e9e400d.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T3_education_6120b8a22dd5", "question": {"start": "school desk hinge", "text": "What is the department of the only image whose object type is \"school desk hinge\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T3_education_62b91c5dbda3", "question": {"start": "Pan Africanism", "text": "What is the department of the only image whose topic is \"Pan Africanism\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T3_education_6e5fb0a809ad", "question": {"start": "Professional organizations", "text": "What is the date of the object created event for the only image whose topic is \"Professional organizations\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T3_education_6ebbd00a8faf", "question": {"start": "Periodicals", "text": "What is the culture of the only image whose object type is \"Periodicals\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T3_education_80582a2fa627", "question": {"start": "school desktop", "text": "What is the date of the patented event for the only image whose object type is \"school desktop\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T3_education_8dea0a945221", "question": {"start": "Institutional Furnishings", "text": "What is the date of the patented event for the only image whose topic is \"Institutional Furnishings\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T3_education_93e85db0f4c2", "question": {"start": "Decolonization", "text": "What is the date of the object created event of the other image that shares the topic \"Black power\" with the only image whose topic is \"Decolonization\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T3_education_9cf0d1a088e5", "question": {"start": "fb12d04159f614b1.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the object created event for the other image that shares the topic \"Communities\" and the topic \"Reconstruction, U.S. History, 1865-1877\" with the image \"fb12d04159f614b1.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T3_education_a0b9b239931d", "question": {"start": "summaries", "text": "What is the culture of the only image whose object type is \"summaries\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T3_education_a57ab0f24707", "question": {"start": "c684804ce6ca1dab.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the patented event for the other image that shares the object type \"desk and seat model\" with the image \"c684804ce6ca1dab.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T3_education_bcb3c7d0579f", "question": {"start": "Minutes", "text": "What is the date of the object created event for the only image whose object type is \"Minutes\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T3_education_c5e1bae6aaa0", "question": {"start": "9ab37b058bd0656a.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the object created event of the other image that shares a classification with the image \"9ab37b058bd0656a.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T3_education_caa6275a6514", "question": {"start": "desk model juncture improvement", "text": "What is the date of the patented event for the only image whose object type is \"desk model juncture improvement\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T3_education_cac6a316169c", "question": {"start": "Journalism", "text": "What is the department of the only image whose topic is \"Journalism\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T3_education_d30b05c75d1a", "question": {"start": "World War, 1939-1945", "text": "What is the object type of the only image whose topic is \"World War, 1939-1945\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T3_education_da0fcb73c818", "question": {"start": "Chronology: 1860-1869", "text": "What is the department of the only image whose topic is \"Chronology: 1860-1869\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T3_education_da660935ade2", "question": {"start": "Advertising", "text": "What is the date of the object created event for the only image whose topic is \"Advertising\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T3_education_db964b765373", "question": {"start": "015b4aa9023564e9.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the object created event of the other image that shares the object type \"Programs (documents)\" and the topic \"Athletes\" with the image \"015b4aa9023564e9.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T3_education_eab2da36f99a", "question": {"start": "Baseball", "text": "What is the department of the only image whose topic is \"Baseball\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T3_education_f307c51f1e69", "question": {"start": "desk model fragments", "text": "What is the date of the patented event for the only image whose object type is \"desk model fragments\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T3_education_f3b85ab07e6e", "question": {"start": "desk model fragments", "text": "What is the date of the object created event for the only image whose object type is \"desk model fragments\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T3_education_fae93691b89e", "question": {"start": "Clocks", "text": "What is the department of the only image whose topic is \"Clocks\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T3_education_fe15558ea3ac", "question": {"start": "66a008b9f9f70a19.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the object created event for the other image that shares a classification with the image \"66a008b9f9f70a19.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T3_education_085f901f48c6", "question": {"start": "e69d68c11bdf8424.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event of the other PDF document that shares an author with the PDF document \"e69d68c11bdf8424.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T3_education_9022be0e8839", "question": {"start": "c132ab403b9324c0.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"cs.CR\" with the PDF document \"c132ab403b9324c0.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T3_education_9c75d1dd01dc", "question": {"start": "135e8ce16773a61b.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"cs.HC\" and the subject \"cs.SE\" with the PDF document \"135e8ce16773a61b.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T3_education_c8da4f461cb5", "question": {"start": "25137a50de91ce10.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares an author with the PDF document \"25137a50de91ce10.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
diff --git a/release/questions/T3/finance.jsonl b/release/questions/T3/finance.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ffe6aea146cdaccf2c2afa10e8db408d2fd8ef56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/questions/T3/finance.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T3_finance_00a18d54f5ab", "question": {"start": "Jtorquy", "text": "What is the date of the page created event for the only image whose uploader is \"Jtorquy\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T3_finance_01cce79e01b6", "question": {"start": "Smb12321~commonswiki", "text": "Who is the uploader of the only image whose page creator is \"Smb12321~commonswiki\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T3_finance_032ac734023d", "question": {"start": "Q1368", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q1368\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T3_finance_0a4fea8c45e2", "question": {"start": "ԱշոտՏՆՂ", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose uploader is \"ԱշոտՏՆՂ\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T3_finance_10bc8d84640b", "question": {"start": "Enantiodromie", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event for the only image whose page creator is \"Enantiodromie\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T3_finance_230e170fb724", "question": {"start": "Q1391", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q1391\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T3_finance_31d3d0b118aa", "question": {"start": "5abe00336ff39d89.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event of the other image that shares an uploader with the image \"5abe00336ff39d89.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T3_finance_32c1aecea9e7", "question": {"start": "2a6c578f030ae2de.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the other image that shares the depicted subject \"Q23\" with the image \"2a6c578f030ae2de.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T3_finance_3d377c62edf3", "question": {"start": "Q47433", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the other image that shares an uploader with the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q47433\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T3_finance_443a56ad1a8a", "question": {"start": "Ser Amantio di Nicolao", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose uploader is \"Ser Amantio di Nicolao\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T3_finance_563e9d76af66", "question": {"start": "Stanmar", "text": "What is the date of the page created event for the only image whose page creator is \"Stanmar\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T3_finance_59e68d4ace03", "question": {"start": "Eduardo89", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event for the only image whose uploader is \"Eduardo89\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T3_finance_5ce9fb153d6d", "question": {"start": "Zscout370", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose uploader is \"Zscout370\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T3_finance_68c05017fda6", "question": {"start": "G6d-leipzig", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event of the only image whose uploader is \"G6d-leipzig\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T3_finance_6f3859e418ee", "question": {"start": "Ineuw", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose uploader is \"Ineuw\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T3_finance_764cd426eee4", "question": {"start": "15f9faf974e56d8d.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event for the other image that shares an uploader with the image \"15f9faf974e56d8d.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T3_finance_79b7ab753850", "question": {"start": "2a6c578f030ae2de.jpg", "text": "Who is the uploader of the other image that shares the depicted subject \"Q23\" with the image \"2a6c578f030ae2de.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T3_finance_7c8bbf17b6f8", "question": {"start": "Q5092", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q5092\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T3_finance_7e0ac2bffbd0", "question": {"start": "Siren-Com", "text": "What is the date of the page created event for the only image whose uploader is \"Siren-Com\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T3_finance_80ab3ef4bc07", "question": {"start": "Jtorquy", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event for the only image whose uploader is \"Jtorquy\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T3_finance_93637172c7aa", "question": {"start": "Anastasia D.Rossi", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event for the other image that shares the depicted subject \"Q23\" with the only image whose uploader is \"Anastasia D.Rossi\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T3_finance_9e7b589227c2", "question": {"start": "TerraFrost", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose page creator is \"TerraFrost\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T3_finance_a95e55d0bd98", "question": {"start": "Q34404", "text": "What is the date of the file upload event for the other image that shares an uploader with the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q34404\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T3_finance_ab674da2eacb", "question": {"start": "Naib", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose uploader is \"Naib\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T3_finance_b05dc52ef1c0", "question": {"start": "Smb12321~commonswiki", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose page creator is \"Smb12321~commonswiki\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T3_finance_ce6f77ea4c68", "question": {"start": "Q5092", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event for the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q5092\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T3_finance_dc3b2208b520", "question": {"start": "Specious", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event of the only image whose uploader is \"Specious\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T3_finance_dcdaddfa825c", "question": {"start": "World Imaging", "text": "What is the date of the page created event for the only image whose page creator is \"World Imaging\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T3_finance_e3a7da7d3e0e", "question": {"start": "9dd89feed53817f0.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the page created event for the other image that shares an uploader with the image \"9dd89feed53817f0.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T3_finance_e76e885260da", "question": {"start": "Q1785103", "text": "What is the date of the page created event for the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q1785103\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T3_finance_e84f35618c11", "question": {"start": "Q47433", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event of the other image that shares an uploader with the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q47433\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T3_finance_e89b1a23a0d9", "question": {"start": "Lorax", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose credited user is \"Lorax\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T3_finance_ee5d08687dba", "question": {"start": "Enantiodromie", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event of the only image whose page creator is \"Enantiodromie\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T3_finance_ef06ee5146b4", "question": {"start": "Q930649", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event for the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q930649\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T3_finance_775166bb03d3", "question": {"start": "a21211967c06e4a7.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"math.OC\" and the subject \"q-fin.CP\" with the PDF document \"a21211967c06e4a7.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T3_finance_782bd15de13d", "question": {"start": "c8c132f290a79951.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subjects \"q-fin.GN\" and \"q-fin.TR\" with the PDF document \"c8c132f290a79951.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T3_finance_8fd1b04c7db9", "question": {"start": "a53855d8fe4f6542.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subjects \"q-fin.MF\" and \"q-fin.PR\" with the PDF document \"a53855d8fe4f6542.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T3_finance_95d28bcc7d86", "question": {"start": "59e8c284db3449c4.pdf", "text": "Who is the author of the other PDF document that shares the subject \"math.PR\" and the subject \"q-fin.PR\" with the PDF document \"59e8c284db3449c4.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T3_finance_a8332fe12695", "question": {"start": "cs.GT", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the only PDF document whose subject is \"cs.GT\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T3_finance_c7e490612cb9", "question": {"start": "efdff3e502a1aafe.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"cs.AI\", the subject \"cs.CE\" and the subject \"q-fin.CP\" with the PDF document \"efdff3e502a1aafe.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T3_finance_f583e582ea43", "question": {"start": "eb3a0f199e3daad4.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"cs.CR\" and the subject \"q-fin.TR\" with the PDF document \"eb3a0f199e3daad4.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
diff --git a/release/questions/T3/games.jsonl b/release/questions/T3/games.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1bfd398dfacf21727b4a7389f9e0615a540cc647
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/questions/T3/games.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T3_games_02e9a39ce90b", "question": {"start": "granite", "text": "What is the art type of the other image that shares the tag \"Rock\" with the only image whose tag is \"granite\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T3_games_03553c4d25c0", "question": {"start": "waterfall", "text": "What is the date of the posted event for the only image whose tag is \"waterfall\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T3_games_0ab6bb3511e4", "question": {"start": "coal", "text": "What is the date of the posted event for the only image whose tag is \"coal\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T3_games_0bdc1743af6a", "question": {"start": "display", "text": "Who is the creator of the only image that has a tag of \"display\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T3_games_115fa945cc11", "question": {"start": "2921da1ef3b0e43b.png", "text": "What is the date of the posted event for the other image that shares the tag \"32x32\" and the tag \"pixelart\" with the image \"2921da1ef3b0e43b.png\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T3_games_167dd63441ba", "question": {"start": "control", "text": "What is the date of the posted event for the only image whose tag is \"control\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T3_games_27854c971353", "question": {"start": "Q109411", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event of the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q109411\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T3_games_29025fb9b7ac", "question": {"start": "undead", "text": "Who is the creator of the only image whose tag is \"undead\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T3_games_2e4122251f79", "question": {"start": "snow", "text": "Who is the creator of the other image that shares the tag \"moon\" with the only image whose tag is \"snow\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T3_games_3d15c1aa92ab", "question": {"start": "Tkarcher", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event for the only image whose uploader is \"Tkarcher\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T3_games_3fc8a7bf2bba", "question": {"start": "32x48", "text": "What is the art type of the only image whose tag is \"32x48\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T3_games_435337e7a33e", "question": {"start": "lightning", "text": "What is the date of the posted event for the other image that shares a creator with the only image whose tag is \"lightning\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T3_games_447460c15d06", "question": {"start": "green", "text": "What is the art type of the other image that shares a creator with the only image whose tag is \"green\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T3_games_51e18c9bcdbc", "question": {"start": "gameboy", "text": "What is the date of the posted event for the other image that shares the tag \"Platformer\" and the tag \"tile\" with the only image whose tag is \"gameboy\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T3_games_75aae08438dd", "question": {"start": "marble", "text": "What is the date of the posted event for the only image whose tag is \"marble\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T3_games_75f89c0adced", "question": {"start": "flame", "text": "Who is the creator of the only image whose tag is \"flame\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T3_games_79bf82445ee5", "question": {"start": "overlay", "text": "What is the date of the posted event for the only image whose tag is \"overlay\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T3_games_7eeaa91f129f", "question": {"start": "creature", "text": "What is the date of the posted event for the other image that shares the tag \"32x32\" and the tag \"animated\" with the only image whose tag is \"creature\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T3_games_81c5da207581", "question": {"start": "down", "text": "What is the date of the posted event for the only image whose tag is \"down\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T3_games_86b8805e7942", "question": {"start": "0359d9ba39d16ad0.png", "text": "Who is the creator of the other image that shares the tags \"Icon\" and \"Pixel Art\" with the image \"0359d9ba39d16ad0.png\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T3_games_88d7c3297b48", "question": {"start": "checkbox", "text": "Who is the creator of the only image whose tag is \"checkbox\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T3_games_906c98081f12", "question": {"start": "note", "text": "What is the date of the posted event for the only image whose tag is \"note\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T3_games_931c990f26dc", "question": {"start": "insect", "text": "What is the date of the posted event for the only image whose tag is \"insect\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T3_games_976d8da2fd78", "question": {"start": "coin", "text": "What is the date of the posted event for the other image that shares the tag \"Icon\" and the tag \"pixel\" with the only image whose tag is \"coin\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T3_games_9d2809eb1f5b", "question": {"start": "lightning", "text": "What is the date of the posted event for the only image whose tag is \"lightning\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T3_games_a15dd79bccba", "question": {"start": "buttons", "text": "What is the date of the posted event of the other image that shares a creator with the only image whose tag is \"buttons\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T3_games_a7ac5b99ea32", "question": {"start": "snail", "text": "Who is the creator of the only image whose tag is \"snail\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T3_games_ab52269111e9", "question": {"start": "blood moon", "text": "What is the art type of the other image that shares the tag \"moon\" with the only image whose tag is \"blood moon\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T3_games_b5681540ab61", "question": {"start": "smoke", "text": "What is the date of the posted event for the only image whose tag is \"smoke\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T3_games_b9fbf467c674", "question": {"start": "buttons", "text": "What is the art type of the only image whose tag is \"buttons\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T3_games_bb9df68292c8", "question": {"start": "legend of zelda", "text": "What is the date of the posted event for the only image whose tag is \"legend of zelda\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T3_games_bed28314d3ee", "question": {"start": "vapor", "text": "Who is the creator of the other image that shares a tag with the other image that shares a creator with the only image whose tag is \"vapor\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T3_games_c4cb8ca112d7", "question": {"start": "toy", "text": "Who is the creator of the only image whose tag is \"toy\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T3_games_cafd2a3a28e6", "question": {"start": "boombox", "text": "What is the date of the posted event for the only image whose tag is \"boombox\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T3_games_d237ab5d3f03", "question": {"start": "arrows", "text": "Who is the creator of the only image whose tag is \"arrows\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T3_games_dab8046cea59", "question": {"start": "boombox", "text": "Who is the creator of the other image that shares the tag \"retro\" and the tag \"Sprite\" with the only image whose tag is \"boombox\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T3_games_ddb29096b121", "question": {"start": "unfinished", "text": "What is the art type of the only image whose tag is \"unfinished\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T3_games_e5a162faf343", "question": {"start": "309160417f2a1104.png", "text": "Who is the creator of the other image that shares the tag \"button\" with the image \"309160417f2a1104.png\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T3_games_f7286a231a2d", "question": {"start": "Greece", "text": "What is the date of the posted event for the only image whose tag is \"Greece\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T3_games_fa894cf557af", "question": {"start": "map tiles", "text": "What is the date of the posted event for the other image that shares the tags \"16x16\" and \"tileset\" with the only image whose tag is \"map tiles\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T3_games_ffa90320628c", "question": {"start": "classroom", "text": "Who is the creator of the other image that shares the tag \"interior\" with the only image whose tag is \"classroom\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
diff --git a/release/questions/T3/healthcare.jsonl b/release/questions/T3/healthcare.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7eba4e80ea85378eed1a38e43f3aedb1e32367b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/questions/T3/healthcare.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T3_healthcare_4ad62037b2ca", "question": {"start": "Respiratory Tract Infections", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the only image whose subject is \"Respiratory Tract Infections\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T3_healthcare_5086c2bd51c2", "question": {"start": "40ac526f9e386fbc.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares a subject with the image \"40ac526f9e386fbc.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T3_healthcare_555756255848", "question": {"start": "X-Rays", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the only image whose subject is \"X-Rays\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T3_healthcare_a7e0a10ee1cd", "question": {"start": "Coal Mining", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares a subject with the only image whose subject is \"Coal Mining\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T3_healthcare_0d2b61cf889e", "question": {"start": "The University of Iowa College of Public Health, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"The University of Iowa College of Public Health, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T3_healthcare_0e365d5dcd17", "question": {"start": "Private Consultant, Guelph, Ontario, Canada", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Private Consultant, Guelph, Ontario, Canada\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T3_healthcare_0eca3c5cacc0", "question": {"start": "Anti-Retroviral Agents", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the only PDF document whose subject is \"Anti-Retroviral Agents\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T3_healthcare_11134c24b4f4", "question": {"start": "College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA", "text": "What is the date of the revision received event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T3_healthcare_11dbb5d9986b", "question": {"start": "Department of Anatomy with Courses, Kazakh-Russian Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Department of Anatomy with Courses, Kazakh-Russian Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T3_healthcare_1b9de830f74e", "question": {"start": "Division of Health Systems and Public Health, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Child\" and the subject \"HIV Infections\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Division of Health Systems and Public Health, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T3_healthcare_27fbb48fc14c", "question": {"start": "Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Ghana Communication Technology University, Accra, Ghana", "text": "What is the date of the publication print event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Uterine Cervical Neoplasms\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Ghana Communication Technology University, Accra, Ghana\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T3_healthcare_2c17417f6d4a", "question": {"start": "Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute Tampa Florida USA", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute Tampa Florida USA\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T3_healthcare_2db99ebb5267", "question": {"start": "University of Lethbridge Library, Lethbridge, Alberta Canada", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Socioeconomic Disparities in Health\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"University of Lethbridge Library, Lethbridge, Alberta Canada\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T3_healthcare_34a94f218eda", "question": {"start": "University of Ottawa, CANADA", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Child\" and the subject \"HIV Infections\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"University of Ottawa, CANADA\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T3_healthcare_3e906bb61cbc", "question": {"start": "Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Center, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G5, Canada", "text": "What is the date of the revision received event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Center, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G5, Canada\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T3_healthcare_41d7a5b044f0", "question": {"start": "School of Law, University of Sheffield, Bartolome House, Winter Street, Sheffield, S3 7ND, United Kingdom", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Female\" and the subject \"United Kingdom\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"School of Law, University of Sheffield, Bartolome House, Winter Street, Sheffield, S3 7ND, United Kingdom\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T3_healthcare_45fd6d4c4fef", "question": {"start": "School of Nursing and Midwifery, Centre for Health Research University of Southern Queensland Toowoomba Queensland Australia", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"School of Nursing and Midwifery, Centre for Health Research University of Southern Queensland Toowoomba Queensland Australia\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T3_healthcare_47fb525164a8", "question": {"start": "Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Treatment Outcome\" with the only PDF document whose subject is \"Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T3_healthcare_4ff8c9cb9a65", "question": {"start": "Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal", "text": "What is the date of the revision received event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T3_healthcare_507eaa1ed600", "question": {"start": "Human Papillomavirus Viruses", "text": "What is the date of the publication event of the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Uterine Cervical Neoplasms\" with the only PDF document whose subject is \"Human Papillomavirus Viruses\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T3_healthcare_5c9abe9303d4", "question": {"start": "cb491353725c2783.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the revision received event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Rural Health Services\" with the PDF document \"cb491353725c2783.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T3_healthcare_5d0c40bac857", "question": {"start": "Private Practice, Luxembourg, Luxembourg", "text": "What is the date of the correction notice event of the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Private Practice, Luxembourg, Luxembourg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T3_healthcare_5e39562c068e", "question": {"start": "Faculty of Dentistry, Dentistry School, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Chiclayo, Perú", "text": "When is the acceptance event for the other PDF document that shares the subjects \"Adolescent\" and \"Child\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Faculty of Dentistry, Dentistry School, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Chiclayo, Perú\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T3_healthcare_5f18dad2fde4", "question": {"start": "Nanostructures", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the only PDF document whose subject is \"Nanostructures\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T3_healthcare_623bde9ed9ee", "question": {"start": "Oxford Institute of Applied Health Research, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is 'Oxford Institute of Applied Health Research, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK'?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T3_healthcare_6d0b4eee3629", "question": {"start": "Health Services for Prisoners", "text": "What is the affiliation of the only PDF document whose subject is \"Health Services for Prisoners\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T3_healthcare_72bff08f33a8", "question": {"start": "Health Systems Transformation Platform, New Delhi, India", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Health Systems Transformation Platform, New Delhi, India\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T3_healthcare_7b7aa7091401", "question": {"start": "Satellite Communications", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the only PDF document whose subject is \"Satellite Communications\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T3_healthcare_829953e7c4ad", "question": {"start": "Endodontics", "text": "What is the date of the publication print event for the only PDF document whose subject is \"Endodontics\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T3_healthcare_95851a21ce40", "question": {"start": "Pandemics", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the only PDF document whose subject is \"Pandemics\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T3_healthcare_9e21d1899b78", "question": {"start": "Terminology as Topic", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the only PDF document whose subject is \"Terminology as Topic\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T3_healthcare_9f7a32daa96d", "question": {"start": "Guideline Adherence", "text": "What is the date of the publication event of the only PDF document whose subject is \"Guideline Adherence\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T3_healthcare_a672c4f16a80", "question": {"start": "Internet", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Rural Health Services\" with the only PDF document whose subject is \"Internet\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T3_healthcare_ab853eb21ce2", "question": {"start": "e354809e54972ec2.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Latin America\" with the PDF document \"e354809e54972ec2.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T3_healthcare_afd239defe40", "question": {"start": "29d0ffb53cd7f5f6.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Rural Health Services\" with the PDF document \"29d0ffb53cd7f5f6.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T3_healthcare_b096604ca344", "question": {"start": "Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Center, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G5, Canada", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Nurse's Role\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Center, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G5, Canada\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T3_healthcare_b52b8d0756ea", "question": {"start": "Parasitology Unit, Alexander von Humboldt Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú", "text": "What is the date of the revision received event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Dental Caries\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Parasitology Unit, Alexander von Humboldt Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T3_healthcare_e4eb61d6fce7", "question": {"start": "AECC School of Chiropractic, Health Sciences University, Bournemouth, UK", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the other PDF document that shares the subjects \"Qualitative Research\" and \"United Kingdom\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"AECC School of Chiropractic, Health Sciences University, Bournemouth, UK\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T3_healthcare_eb06f22f6a5a", "question": {"start": "Maternal Health", "text": "What is the date of the revision received event for the only PDF document whose subject is \"Maternal Health\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T3_healthcare_f11adf5b1f02", "question": {"start": "Radiology Department, Breast Cancer Center, American Hospital, Dubai, ARE", "text": "What is the date of the correction notice event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Radiology Department, Breast Cancer Center, American Hospital, Dubai, ARE\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T3_healthcare_f67be38cb1fd", "question": {"start": "Group of Chemistry of Advanced Materials (GQMat), Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) Fortaleza Ceará Brazil", "text": "What is the date of the publication electronic event of the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Group of Chemistry of Advanced Materials (GQMat), Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) Fortaleza Ceará Brazil\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
diff --git a/release/questions/T3/humanities.jsonl b/release/questions/T3/humanities.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ed5814c75cf48f5c2e19684ef1ee12763e88cc6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/questions/T3/humanities.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T3_humanities_02552e55a69a", "question": {"start": "00e4481f85e54fa5.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the object created event for the other image that shares a department with the image \"00e4481f85e54fa5.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T3_humanities_0b59fc01ae90", "question": {"start": "lithograph with tint stone, from portfolio of 100 lithographs with tint stone", "text": "What is the culture of the only image whose medium is \"lithograph with tint stone, from portfolio of 100 lithographs with tint stone\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T3_humanities_1215996ca8ce", "question": {"start": "ink and graphite", "text": "What is the date of the accessioned event for the only image whose medium is \"ink and graphite\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T3_humanities_16cdcbaf9b72", "question": {"start": "9a1fe32920a77a02.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the accessioned event of the other image that shares an artist with the image \"9a1fe32920a77a02.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T3_humanities_1d0c89525a12", "question": {"start": "carved wood", "text": "What is the date of the accessioned event of the other image that shares a culture with the only image whose medium is \"carved wood\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T3_humanities_28eb54cd014e", "question": {"start": "albumen print from collodion negative", "text": "What is the culture of the only image whose medium is \"albumen print from collodion negative\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T3_humanities_2d42d579eafd", "question": {"start": "Thailand", "text": "What is the date of the accessioned event for the only image whose culture is \"Thailand\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T3_humanities_35b4be1f5008", "question": {"start": "32d4f36d741ceabc.jpg", "text": "What is the classification of the other image that shares a culture with the image \"32d4f36d741ceabc.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T3_humanities_36c5c4f1ad63", "question": {"start": "Tempera and gold on parchment; leather binding", "text": "What department is associated with the only image whose medium is \"Tempera and gold on parchment; leather binding\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T3_humanities_4074766403eb", "question": {"start": "81a5ed4ac6037412.jpg", "text": "What is the culture of the other image that shares a medium with the image \"81a5ed4ac6037412.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T3_humanities_46f441f38b85", "question": {"start": "Copper (cast), gold", "text": "What is the medium of the other image that shares a culture with the only image whose medium is \"Copper (cast), gold\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T3_humanities_4c758c104f1d", "question": {"start": "Etching and engraving; second state of three (Lieure)", "text": "What is the date of the accessioned event for the only image whose medium is \"Etching and engraving; second state of three (Lieure)\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T3_humanities_5c0cf4cb1ecc", "question": {"start": "Peru; central coast (?)", "text": "What is the date of the accessioned event for the only image whose culture is \"Peru; central coast (?)\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T3_humanities_61221284d343", "question": {"start": "carbon print", "text": "What is the department of the only image whose medium is \"carbon print\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T3_humanities_66718bcbff8c", "question": {"start": "872342878bdcf859.jpg", "text": "What is the culture of the other image that shares a medium with the image \"872342878bdcf859.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T3_humanities_6d20fe3a776d", "question": {"start": "c9cb64015a40862e.jpg", "text": "What is the culture of the other image that shares the classification \"Sculpture\" and the medium \"Bronze\" with the image \"c9cb64015a40862e.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T3_humanities_6e1b30bac138", "question": {"start": "Bone/Ivory-Sculpture", "text": "What is the department of the only image whose classification is \"Bone/Ivory-Sculpture\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T3_humanities_6fa48b87524f", "question": {"start": "Byzantium, Constantinople", "text": "What department does the only image with culture \"Byzantium, Constantinople\" belong to?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T3_humanities_7485d3ba5a87", "question": {"start": "Helmets", "text": "What is the medium of the only image whose classification is \"Helmets\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T3_humanities_7f9558a53569", "question": {"start": "Aerophone-Lip Vibrated-trumpet / trombone", "text": "What is the medium of the only image whose classification is \"Aerophone-Lip Vibrated-trumpet / trombone\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T3_humanities_8dbf59a7dbe5", "question": {"start": "oil on copper", "text": "What is the date of the accessioned event of the other image that shares a medium with the other image that shares a department with the only image whose medium is \"oil on copper\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T3_humanities_8efb2e1d6deb", "question": {"start": "England, 18th century", "text": "What is the medium of the only image whose culture is \"England, 18th century\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T3_humanities_918bd45cafa4", "question": {"start": "8a4360d526ace40f.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the object created event for the other image that shares a medium with the image \"8a4360d526ace40f.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T3_humanities_93134edc769c", "question": {"start": "ea59c6d21958ad1d.jpg", "text": "What is the classification of the other image that shares the culture \"France, Paris\" and the department \"Decorative Art and Design\" with the image \"ea59c6d21958ad1d.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T3_humanities_a13867887f12", "question": {"start": "437562ca8ff51d01.jpg", "text": "What is the classification of the other image that shares a medium with the image \"437562ca8ff51d01.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T3_humanities_aa4847999a19", "question": {"start": "Korean Art", "text": "What is the medium of the only image whose department is \"Korean Art\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T3_humanities_bc81aff0c233", "question": {"start": "c7f91209c8e4cb4d.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the object created event for the other image that shares a culture with the image \"c7f91209c8e4cb4d.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T3_humanities_c9545ef68fb7", "question": {"start": "graphite, pen and brown ink, and watercolor", "text": "What is the date of the object created event for the only image whose medium is \"graphite, pen and brown ink, and watercolor\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T3_humanities_cb269025ca0e", "question": {"start": "Spain, Colonial, late 17th Century", "text": "What is the medium of the other image that shares a classification with the only image whose culture is \"Spain, Colonial, late 17th Century\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T3_humanities_cc4d1067bb43", "question": {"start": "ae26031b0bfe4d3a.jpg", "text": "What is the classification of the other image that shares a culture with the image \"ae26031b0bfe4d3a.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T3_humanities_db715be50586", "question": {"start": "a7357cba31ff79e3.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the accessioned event for the other image that shares the classification \"Prints\" and the medium \"engraving\" with the image \"a7357cba31ff79e3.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T3_humanities_e8b99093638d", "question": {"start": "Peru; north coast (?)", "text": "What is the classification of the only image whose culture is \"Peru; north coast (?)\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T3_humanities_e93fc0e0a7b3", "question": {"start": "France, late 18th-early 19th century", "text": "What is the medium of the other image that shares a classification with the only image whose culture is \"France, late 18th-early 19th century\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T3_humanities_ee0e24f26a08", "question": {"start": "Flanders", "text": "What is the date of the accessioned event for the only image whose culture is \"Flanders\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T3_humanities_222407c2d63f", "question": {"start": "Queensland Conservatorium Griffith University (Australia)", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Queensland Conservatorium Griffith University (Australia)\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T3_humanities_29a3a83ad5d1", "question": {"start": "Oxford Centre for Neuroethics, Uehiro Centre for Practical Philosophy, University of Oxford, OX1, 1PT, Oxford, UK", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Oxford Centre for Neuroethics, Uehiro Centre for Practical Philosophy, University of Oxford, OX1, 1PT, Oxford, UK\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T3_humanities_3c0ec0c92672", "question": {"start": "Department of Afrikaans and Linguistics, Faculty of Humanities, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark", "text": "What is the date of the correction notice event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Department of Afrikaans and Linguistics, Faculty of Humanities, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T3_humanities_58162d9f05e7", "question": {"start": "University in Banská Bystrica Faculty of Arts", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"University in Banská Bystrica Faculty of Arts\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T3_humanities_6d648d1090ba", "question": {"start": "University of Birmingham", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"University of Birmingham\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T3_humanities_7048bb5eabb3", "question": {"start": "Département du Patrimoine et des Collections, Musée du Quai Branly Jacques Chirac, Paris, France", "text": "What is the date of the publication event of the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Département du Patrimoine et des Collections, Musée du Quai Branly Jacques Chirac, Paris, France\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "humanities", "qid": "T3_humanities_96b4c49a23be", "question": {"start": "Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand", "text": "Who is the author of the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
diff --git a/release/questions/T3/law.jsonl b/release/questions/T3/law.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0966bf81977cca82b4053d25c940ef7ca039dfaa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/questions/T3/law.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T3_law_07f1ed13da1b", "question": {"start": "Q385941", "text": "Who is the uploader of the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q385941\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T3_law_2042be49028c", "question": {"start": "יודוקוליס", "text": "What is the date of the page created event for the only image whose uploader is \"יודוקוליס\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T3_law_2a2caf2ba33f", "question": {"start": "4f9c1a5e5634df5a.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the other image that shares the same depicted subject as the image \"4f9c1a5e5634df5a.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T3_law_2be712edc80e", "question": {"start": "17817c82427c98bf.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the other image that shares a depicted subject with the image \"17817c82427c98bf.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T3_law_371d77b1d048", "question": {"start": "W Nowicki", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event of the only image whose uploader is \"W Nowicki\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T3_law_38d583ff78f4", "question": {"start": "Q75866", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the other image that shares a depicted subject with the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q75866\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T3_law_399758345982", "question": {"start": "Nightscream", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event for the only image whose uploader is \"Nightscream\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T3_law_475e3049475b", "question": {"start": "Q118733550", "text": "What is the depicted subject of the other image that shares an uploader with the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q118733550\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T3_law_4c6d760bbc1e", "question": {"start": "Q7891080", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q7891080\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T3_law_4d33e3e34d7b", "question": {"start": "25d4eecfbda1ed1a.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event for the other image that shares an uploader with the image \"25d4eecfbda1ed1a.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T3_law_58e64eb5dc45", "question": {"start": "Ipoellet", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose uploader is \"Ipoellet\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T3_law_689fd37423c8", "question": {"start": "Q41487", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event for the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q41487\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T3_law_6d00849388fa", "question": {"start": "Preservapedia", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event for the only image whose uploader is \"Preservapedia\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T3_law_74cfd0ce71ff", "question": {"start": "Q311197", "text": "Who is the uploader of the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q311197\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T3_law_7d5f4ad2ba1e", "question": {"start": "Q15966765", "text": "Who is the uploader of the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q15966765\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T3_law_89f7a6015fb4", "question": {"start": "Q5571314", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q5571314\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T3_law_9111b3adbc20", "question": {"start": "Halisdarkstone", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose uploader is \"Halisdarkstone\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T3_law_9956c972f365", "question": {"start": "Chris Light", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event for the only image whose uploader is \"Chris Light\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T3_law_9ec7b67c8c67", "question": {"start": "Truflip99", "text": "What is the depicted subject of the only image whose uploader is \"Truflip99\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T3_law_9f074650f2ce", "question": {"start": "Deisenbe", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event of the only image whose uploader is \"Deisenbe\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T3_law_a11156426ef2", "question": {"start": "Q334251", "text": "Who is the uploader of the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q334251\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T3_law_a41f2c16b9bf", "question": {"start": "Lahti213", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose uploader is \"Lahti213\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T3_law_a676bfca6e68", "question": {"start": "FightingRaven531", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose credited user is \"FightingRaven531\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T3_law_aaabd2c88a59", "question": {"start": "Rcbutcher", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event of the only image whose page creator is \"Rcbutcher\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T3_law_ab117a5d3a96", "question": {"start": "Q92048", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q92048\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T3_law_b2997d03e8bb", "question": {"start": "Q76361", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the other image that shares a depicted subject with the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q76361\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T3_law_bd6f4e708d4b", "question": {"start": "Dove", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event for the other image that shares a depicted subject with the only image whose uploader is \"Dove\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T3_law_bd6fef9983f7", "question": {"start": "ea4612ba09cb9502.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event of the other image that shares a depicted subject with the image \"ea4612ba09cb9502.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T3_law_bd8560572662", "question": {"start": "Deisenbe", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose uploader is \"Deisenbe\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T3_law_c6d25c177ef8", "question": {"start": "Ipoellet", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event for the only image whose uploader is \"Ipoellet\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T3_law_d25de8efa4d5", "question": {"start": "Antu Marma", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event for the only image whose uploader is \"Antu Marma\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T3_law_e20c91826eb1", "question": {"start": "Q76361", "text": "Who is the uploader of the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q76361\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T3_law_e53256732b53", "question": {"start": "7268ebe5220e2b7e.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the other image that shares an uploader with the image \"7268ebe5220e2b7e.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T3_law_ed31b3f3297e", "question": {"start": "a6b4c09c70c23cfc.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event of the other image that shares an uploader with the image \"a6b4c09c70c23cfc.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T3_law_f8ef78cdd361", "question": {"start": "Vanished Account Byeznhpyxeuztibuo", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose uploader is \"Vanished Account Byeznhpyxeuztibuo\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T3_law_f9e4bec0a752", "question": {"start": "Q953507", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event for the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q953507\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T3_law_1b0383d99a25", "question": {"start": "Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique, Faculty of Public Health, Université catholique de Louvain, Clos Chapelle-aux-champs 30, 1200, Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium", "text": "What is the date of the correction notice event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique, Faculty of Public Health, Université catholique de Louvain, Clos Chapelle-aux-champs 30, 1200, Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T3_law_5dcf1594c1a1", "question": {"start": "Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main , Law School", "text": "Who is the author of the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main , Law School\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T3_law_60bc67f274ad", "question": {"start": "Republik Indonesia, Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 1995 tentang", "text": "Who is the author of the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Republik Indonesia, Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 1995 tentang\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T3_law_a1185587859c", "question": {"start": "(School of the Natural & Built Environments, University of South Australia; PhD candidate, University of Adelaide, Australia", "text": "Who is the author of the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"(School of the Natural & Built Environments, University of South Australia; PhD candidate, University of Adelaide, Australia\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "law", "qid": "T3_law_f36704695397", "question": {"start": "The Academy of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia", "text": "What is the date of the publication event of the other PDF document that shares an affiliation with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"The Academy of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
diff --git a/release/questions/T3/music.jsonl b/release/questions/T3/music.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..90fb04d5a749adea19cf3a6a881c7b6e512de414
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/questions/T3/music.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T3_music_0107ccdc4880", "question": {"start": "c5a7bbecca11b129.jpg", "text": "What is the culture of the other image that shares a medium with the image that shares a classification with the image \"c5a7bbecca11b129.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T3_music_0cccac8b1ab6", "question": {"start": "Serpent", "text": "Who is the maker of the only image whose object name is \"Serpent\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T3_music_101e45bb2a5f", "question": {"start": "6ebdc299a7c9354e.jpg", "text": "What is the classification of the other image that shares the culture \"Italian\" and the medium \"Wood, various materials\" with the image \"6ebdc299a7c9354e.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T3_music_116056d1167f", "question": {"start": "7c01286f21b41c1f.jpg", "text": "What is the medium of the other image that shares the culture \"Chinese\" and the object name \"Bell\" with the image \"7c01286f21b41c1f.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T3_music_1c5cdac53a27", "question": {"start": "Probably Austrian", "text": "What is the classification of the only image whose culture is \"Probably Austrian\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T3_music_2bd3e08782b3", "question": {"start": "Clariophone", "text": "Who is the maker of the other image that shares the culture \"German\" and the medium \"Wood, various materials\" with the only image whose object name is \"Clariophone\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T3_music_2f62b699b85e", "question": {"start": "Takumbo", "text": "What is the date of the accessioned event for the only image whose object name is \"Takumbo\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T3_music_32ba468c6ca2", "question": {"start": "Native American (Guyanese: Demerara)", "text": "What is the medium of the only image whose culture is \"Native American (Guyanese: Demerara)\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T3_music_36a2a21eea90", "question": {"start": "6210955880100e42.jpg", "text": "What is the medium of the other image that shares a classification with the image \"6210955880100e42.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T3_music_49712fb86008", "question": {"start": "Moose Moose (covered form)", "text": "What is the date of the accessioned event for the only image whose object name is \"Moose Moose (covered form)\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T3_music_4e1dbfc7aead", "question": {"start": "Bass Clarinet in C", "text": "What is the classification of the other image that shares a medium with the other image that shares a culture with the only image whose object name is \"Bass Clarinet in C\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T3_music_5a5bb36ea651", "question": {"start": "764e585610410b21.jpg", "text": "What is the medium of the other image that shares a place with the image \"764e585610410b21.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T3_music_5aa59e74dcba", "question": {"start": "Clavichord", "text": "Who is the maker of the other image that shares the culture \"German\" and the medium \"Various materials\" with the only image whose object name is \"Clavichord\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T3_music_60fc131a9d25", "question": {"start": "Spruce, maple", "text": "Who created the only image whose medium is \"Spruce, maple\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T3_music_64480ed3ed86", "question": {"start": "Wood, nickel-silver", "text": "What department is associated with the only image whose medium is \"Wood, nickel-silver\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T3_music_65c3c7b2e032", "question": {"start": "Bornean", "text": "What is the culture of the other image that shares a classification with the only image whose culture is \"Bornean\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T3_music_674cf96158cb", "question": {"start": "Italian (Cremona)", "text": "What is the date of the object created event for the only image whose culture is \"Italian (Cremona)\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T3_music_68db2d9802c5", "question": {"start": "possibly French", "text": "What is the department of the only image whose culture is \"possibly French\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T3_music_6b2c188411d2", "question": {"start": "Aje", "text": "What is the classification of the only image whose object name is \"Aje\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T3_music_77ba7cd43161", "question": {"start": "dc23699568612649.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the accessioned event for the other image that shares the classification \"Aerophone-Reed Vibrated-double reed\" and the medium \"Wood, ivory, metal\" with the image \"dc23699568612649.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T3_music_7b4626a862ab", "question": {"start": "Wood, other materials", "text": "What is the object name of the only image whose medium is \"Wood, other materials\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T3_music_7fdcefd9b565", "question": {"start": "Music Box", "text": "What is the medium of the other image that shares a classification with the only image whose object name is \"Music Box\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T3_music_80347ddc51ad", "question": {"start": "Mandora", "text": "What is the date of the object created event for the only image whose object name is \"Mandora\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T3_music_80b6aaeb5e90", "question": {"start": "Clay, reed", "text": "What is the classification of the only image whose medium is \"Clay, reed\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T3_music_81f66fc5d304", "question": {"start": "2a9abd060dd28527.jpg", "text": "Who is the maker of the other image that shares the classification \"Aerophone-Lip Vibrated-horn\" and the culture \"Russian\" with the image \"2a9abd060dd28527.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T3_music_8c10271d3c9d", "question": {"start": "Lithographs", "text": "What is the object name of the only image whose medium is \"Lithographs\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T3_music_9067260085d5", "question": {"start": "Coconut shell", "text": "What is the classification of the only image whose medium is \"Coconut shell\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T3_music_9780d5445780", "question": {"start": "Watercolor of musician playing jingu", "text": "What is the object name of the other image that shares a medium with the only image whose object name is \"Watercolor of musician playing jingu\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T3_music_9a2574481a24", "question": {"start": "Indian (north)", "text": "What is the medium of the other image that shares a classification with the only image whose culture is \"Indian (north)\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T3_music_b8d10802720f", "question": {"start": "Rosewood, spruce, walnut, bone, mother-of-pearl", "text": "What is the date of the accessioned event for the only image whose medium is \"Rosewood, spruce, walnut, bone, mother-of-pearl\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T3_music_bae895f77bc5", "question": {"start": "Gamba Bow", "text": "Who is the maker of the other image that shares a classification with the only image whose object name is \"Gamba Bow\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T3_music_c29f478a0395", "question": {"start": "Tār (tār-e qavazi)", "text": "What is the medium of the only image whose object name is \"Tār (tār-e qavazi)\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T3_music_caa14012b187", "question": {"start": "Gourd, hide, velvet, shells, brass tacks", "text": "What is the classification of the only image whose medium is \"Gourd, hide, velvet, shells, brass tacks\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T3_music_e3585abff01b", "question": {"start": "Beninese", "text": "What is the department of the only image whose culture is \"Beninese\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T3_music_e54d0f399a2b", "question": {"start": "\"Musical Ball\" (\"Return Ball\")", "text": "What is the department of the only image whose object name is \"Musical Ball\" (\"Return Ball\")?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T3_music_e851c8b27fab", "question": {"start": "possibly Saudi or Syrian", "text": "What is the medium of the only image whose culture is \"possibly Saudi or Syrian\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T3_music_e94762b44753", "question": {"start": "9bfaddc965d6be9a.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the accessioned event for the other image that shares a medium with the image \"9bfaddc965d6be9a.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T3_music_f01dfe4ef325", "question": {"start": "Cherry wood, various materials", "text": "What is the classification of the only image whose medium is \"Cherry wood, various materials\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T3_music_fd9cfd37ffbb", "question": {"start": "Wood, nickel-silver", "text": "What is the date of the accessioned event for the other image that shares an object name with the only image whose medium is \"Wood, nickel-silver\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T3_music_12a545af4c63", "question": {"start": "9a5c80fb444ec610.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares an author with the other PDF document that shares the subject \"cs.DL\" with the PDF document \"9a5c80fb444ec610.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T3_music_22c57fccf9b2", "question": {"start": "64d9873ee091f7f7.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the submission event of the other PDF document that shares an author with the PDF document \"64d9873ee091f7f7.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
diff --git a/release/questions/T3/politics.jsonl b/release/questions/T3/politics.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c6b5d05fb27b0d1952168fab612edac922a0cebf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/questions/T3/politics.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T3_politics_01dcbc2bd167", "question": {"start": "Kingofthedead", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose uploader is \"Kingofthedead\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T3_politics_0890d0d48b63", "question": {"start": "Q101197341", "text": "Who uploaded the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q101197341\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T3_politics_09eeec95174a", "question": {"start": "e78e9ffe36a355c0.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event of the other image that shares a page creator with the image \"e78e9ffe36a355c0.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T3_politics_0a358029db93", "question": {"start": "Commport", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose uploader is \"Commport\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T3_politics_0d5115b531e4", "question": {"start": "Mbeim", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose uploader is \"Mbeim\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T3_politics_109218a9e5db", "question": {"start": "Ooligan", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event of the only image whose uploader is \"Ooligan\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T3_politics_10a7a8ad279e", "question": {"start": "Ranbar", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose uploader is \"Ranbar\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T3_politics_11f1ce140110", "question": {"start": "PawełMM", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose uploader is \"PawełMM\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T3_politics_1599dec5c93b", "question": {"start": "Infrogmation", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose page creator is \"Infrogmation\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T3_politics_238feee31456", "question": {"start": "Q60190894", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event for the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q60190894\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T3_politics_2565c299942d", "question": {"start": "5598f1687106dbed.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event of the other image that shares an uploader with the image \"5598f1687106dbed.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T3_politics_40444ee27958", "question": {"start": "ffb474d7dc479386.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the other image that shares a depicted subject with the image \"ffb474d7dc479386.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T3_politics_4c201851a285", "question": {"start": "Golfpecks256", "text": "What is the date of the page created event for the other image that shares a page creator with the only image whose uploader is \"Golfpecks256\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T3_politics_4f88db6fbb69", "question": {"start": "Q434890", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event for the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q434890\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T3_politics_514c669975a2", "question": {"start": "Infrogmation", "text": "Who uploaded the only image whose page creator is \"Infrogmation\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T3_politics_55ab2eba58dd", "question": {"start": "Q1289889", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event for the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q1289889\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T3_politics_5d6eb1570ce2", "question": {"start": "Mjrmtg", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose uploader is \"Mjrmtg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T3_politics_621cf29d8a54", "question": {"start": "Q686540", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event for the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q686540\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T3_politics_6797f8a9f813", "question": {"start": "Remitamine", "text": "What is the depicted subject of the only image whose uploader is \"Remitamine\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T3_politics_73222b70be83", "question": {"start": "Q186215", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q186215\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T3_politics_74b660497938", "question": {"start": "Kiwichris", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event for the only image whose uploader is \"Kiwichris\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T3_politics_8bac21fa1e04", "question": {"start": "Ooligan", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event of the only image whose uploader is \"Ooligan\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T3_politics_9a2708342ff8", "question": {"start": "IagoQnsi", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event for the only image whose uploader is \"IagoQnsi\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T3_politics_a0e3dd5c2c12", "question": {"start": "SiarFisher", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event for the only image whose uploader is \"SiarFisher\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T3_politics_a2fd7eb35d88", "question": {"start": "3d56cec6c8d19cd0.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event of the other image that shares an uploader with the image \"3d56cec6c8d19cd0.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T3_politics_ab48d06c1880", "question": {"start": "Petri Krohn", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event for the only image whose uploader is \"Petri Krohn\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T3_politics_c0dbffbce818", "question": {"start": "Q771586", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event for the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q771586\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T3_politics_c58518eb91f1", "question": {"start": "Poiche", "text": "Who is the credited user of the only image whose uploader is \"Poiche\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T3_politics_cd9610205862", "question": {"start": "E1142", "text": "What is the date of the page created event for the only image whose page creator is \"E1142\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T3_politics_ce2ff59b909e", "question": {"start": "Bogdan", "text": "Who is the uploader of the only image whose page creator is \"Bogdan\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T3_politics_d6d16eac12c8", "question": {"start": "Putitonamap98", "text": "What is the date of the file uploaded event of the only image whose uploader is \"Putitonamap98\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T3_politics_df561417a738", "question": {"start": "Q218544", "text": "Who is the uploader of the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q218544\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T3_politics_e1f25d3d8159", "question": {"start": "Q308194", "text": "What is the date of the created stated event for the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q308194\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T3_politics_ecb326ad38f7", "question": {"start": "Q586", "text": "Who is the uploader of the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q586\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T3_politics_eebeffea958f", "question": {"start": "Renamed user f4ce3b16f79cb96621a27f6033316c48", "text": "Who is the credited user of the only image whose uploader is \"Renamed user f4ce3b16f79cb96621a27f6033316c48\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T3_politics_f03592e33c10", "question": {"start": "Q7982966", "text": "Who is the uploader of the only image whose depicted subject is \"Q7982966\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T3_politics_037312a4f020", "question": {"start": "50dcee6190689636.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the other PDF document that shares a subject with the PDF document \"50dcee6190689636.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T3_politics_510f160e5c7d", "question": {"start": "e66dc889e0502869.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Economic Policy\", the subject \"Intelligence and National Security\" and the subject \"National Defense\" with the PDF document \"e66dc889e0502869.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T3_politics_766134ed7f72", "question": {"start": "Debt Markets", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the only PDF document whose subject is \"Debt Markets\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T3_politics_7db0b7163ccf", "question": {"start": "4e3d26fc6f8fca87.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the other PDF document that shares the subjects \"Economic Policy\", \"Energy Policy\", and \"Foreign Affairs\" with the PDF document \"4e3d26fc6f8fca87.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "politics", "qid": "T3_politics_9e5e3a54d417", "question": {"start": "E-Government", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the only PDF document whose subject is \"E-Government\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
diff --git a/release/questions/T3/psychology.jsonl b/release/questions/T3/psychology.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..abb000b13fa89c42f805703c8663f9b3b4eb2229
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/questions/T3/psychology.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T3_psychology_066f5a4c2d81", "question": {"start": "e7ba6db886065481.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the produced event for the other image that shares the genre \"Ink drawings\" and the subject \"Emotions\" with the image \"e7ba6db886065481.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T3_psychology_0ee970f56445", "question": {"start": "8289513a04dc92bd.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the produced event for the other image that shares the subject \"Dangerously mentally ill\" with the image \"8289513a04dc92bd.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T3_psychology_291c6e62b7fb", "question": {"start": "47d7897859151eba.jpg", "text": "Who is the contributor of the other image that shares a contributor with the other image that shares the genre \"Etchings\" and the subject \"House furnishings\" with the image \"47d7897859151eba.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T3_psychology_42863132a465", "question": {"start": "Body armor", "text": "Who is the contributor of the other image that shares the subject \"Music Therapy\" with the only image whose subject is \"Body armor\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T3_psychology_42c3ba6e8bb6", "question": {"start": "2846a7e43a0b91ef.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the produced event for the other image that shares the genre \"Lithographs\", the subject \"Brain\" and the subject \"Head\" with the image \"2846a7e43a0b91ef.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T3_psychology_58218112a277", "question": {"start": "a65cdf3eb4b3e434.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the produced event of the other image that shares the subject \"Coffins\" and the subject \"Death\" with the image \"a65cdf3eb4b3e434.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T3_psychology_7c19d6117690", "question": {"start": "Body armor", "text": "What is the genre of the only image whose subject is \"Body armor\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T3_psychology_8e091a317606", "question": {"start": "879a3c758dea3fb3.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the produced event for the other image that shares the genre \"Paintings\" and the subject \"Head\" with the image \"879a3c758dea3fb3.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T3_psychology_9b209e47a3e7", "question": {"start": "Incense", "text": "Who is the contributor of the only image whose subject is \"Incense\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T3_psychology_af159f8dd348", "question": {"start": "John Thurtell", "text": "What is the date of the produced event for the other image that shares a contributor with the only image whose subject is \"John Thurtell\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T3_psychology_afc9746e8eb0", "question": {"start": "54382190f2ee689e.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the produced event for the other image that shares the genre \"Wood engravings\" and the subject \"Bethlem Royal Hospital\" with the image \"54382190f2ee689e.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T3_psychology_d126deed2f49", "question": {"start": "Suffering", "text": "Who is the contributor of the only image whose subject is \"Suffering\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T3_psychology_eb332ca07ae3", "question": {"start": "Private libraries", "text": "What is the date of the produced event for the other image that shares a contributor with the only image whose subject is \"Private libraries\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T3_psychology_f2025b0aa986", "question": {"start": "f482552b20697574.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the produced event for the other image that shares a contributor with the image that shares the subject \"Socrates\" with the image \"f482552b20697574.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T3_psychology_0b4d4faa26a6", "question": {"start": "Toddlerhood/Preschool Period", "text": "What is the date of the version event for the only PDF document whose subject is \"Toddlerhood/Preschool Period\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T3_psychology_1c0cba71e9ed", "question": {"start": "Scoping Reviews As Topic", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the only PDF document whose subject is \"Scoping Reviews As Topic\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T3_psychology_3066d27b4846", "question": {"start": "Sub-Saharan African People", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the only PDF document whose subject is \"Sub-Saharan African People\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T3_psychology_313c1bae4b18", "question": {"start": "5806607674ba9813.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the other PDF document that shares an author with the PDF document \"5806607674ba9813.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T3_psychology_3904199d9350", "question": {"start": "Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Baggiovara Hospital, 41126 Modena, Italy; (T.U.); (R.B.)", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Baggiovara Hospital, 41126 Modena, Italy; (T.U.); (R.B.)\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T3_psychology_3f552d11d405", "question": {"start": "Oxytocin", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the only PDF document whose subject is \"Oxytocin\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T3_psychology_567c40efd5e9", "question": {"start": "Mice, Inbred C57BL", "text": "What is the date of the revision received event for the only PDF document whose subject is \"Mice, Inbred C57BL\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T3_psychology_695ac3659ecc", "question": {"start": "German CSF Center, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"German CSF Center, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T3_psychology_69852b9ba251", "question": {"start": "Adolescent Behavior", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the only PDF document whose subject is \"Adolescent Behavior\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T3_psychology_75e1e37eaa05", "question": {"start": "Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Barcelona, Spain", "text": "What is the date of the correction notice event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Barcelona, Spain\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T3_psychology_78d8aafe174c", "question": {"start": "Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada", "text": "What is the date of the correction notice event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T3_psychology_84ee7e24b37c", "question": {"start": "Rats", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the only PDF document whose subject is \"Rats\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T3_psychology_89038f720287", "question": {"start": "West Kentucky Educational Cooperative, Murray, KY 42071, USA", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"West Kentucky Educational Cooperative, Murray, KY 42071, USA\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T3_psychology_8cf657d61291", "question": {"start": "Kyoto University Office of Institutional Advancement and Communications, Kyoto, Japan", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Kyoto University Office of Institutional Advancement and Communications, Kyoto, Japan\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T3_psychology_9eb885d2e0a9", "question": {"start": "Consumer Psychology", "text": "What is the date of the publication event of the only PDF document whose subject is \"Consumer Psychology\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T3_psychology_b0ec6b454e53", "question": {"start": "Manufacturing and Production Engineering Department, Modern Academy for Engineering and Technology, Cairo, Egypt", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Manufacturing and Production Engineering Department, Modern Academy for Engineering and Technology, Cairo, Egypt\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T3_psychology_c6946bdb8992", "question": {"start": "Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology Abu Dhabi 127788 United Arab Emirates", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology Abu Dhabi 127788 United Arab Emirates\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T3_psychology_cce862984bd8", "question": {"start": "Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Baggiovara Hospital, 41126 Modena, Italy; (T.U.); (R.B.)", "text": "What is the date of the correction notice event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Baggiovara Hospital, 41126 Modena, Italy; (T.U.); (R.B.)\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T3_psychology_d2656fd93df3", "question": {"start": "Grape and Wine Technological Centre, Experimental Farm of Caldas, Agricultural Research Company of Minas Gerais, Avenida Santa Cruz, 500, Caldas 37780-000, Brazil", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Grape and Wine Technological Centre, Experimental Farm of Caldas, Agricultural Research Company of Minas Gerais, Avenida Santa Cruz, 500, Caldas 37780-000, Brazil\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T3_psychology_d52a8e2c1b5b", "question": {"start": "Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway", "text": "What is the date of the correction notice for the sole PDF document whose affiliation is \"Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T3_psychology_d774e3f7618e", "question": {"start": "Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica Unidad Culhuacán, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Avenida Santa Ana 1000, San Francisco Culhuacán, Colonia Culhuacán CTM V, Alcaldía Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04440, Mexico", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica Unidad Culhuacán, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Avenida Santa Ana 1000, San Francisco Culhuacán, Colonia Culhuacán CTM V, Alcaldía Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04440, Mexico\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T3_psychology_d82ba44c5af4", "question": {"start": "Centre for Disease Burden, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway", "text": "What is the date of the correction notice event for the other PDF document that shares an affiliation with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Centre for Disease Burden, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T3_psychology_db67ba435879", "question": {"start": "Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands", "text": "What is the date of the revision received event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T3_psychology_e717ba798dd7", "question": {"start": "Anthropological Linguistics and Sociolinguistics", "text": "What is the date of the version event of the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics\" with the only PDF document whose subject is \"Anthropological Linguistics and Sociolinguistics\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T3_psychology_eee56e99088a", "question": {"start": "Oxford Precision Psychiatry Lab, National Institute for Health Research Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Oxford Precision Psychiatry Lab, National Institute for Health Research Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T3_psychology_f9f64ebd98a2", "question": {"start": "Machine Learning", "text": "What is the date of the publication print event for the only PDF document whose subject is \"Machine Learning\"?"}, "task": "T3"}
diff --git a/release/questions/T4/healthcare.jsonl b/release/questions/T4/healthcare.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..94c733c03ccd08670606fb2977ab5b65eb404706
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/questions/T4/healthcare.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_021322051be6", "question": {"start": "Ochlerotatus", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Culex\" with the only image whose subject is \"Ochlerotatus\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_023543ed0a34", "question": {"start": "Hepatitis E virus", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event of the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Refugees\" with the only image whose subject is \"Hepatitis E virus\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_0665017a305b", "question": {"start": "8664de8628128b45.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the publication print event for the other PDF document that shares a subject with the image \"8664de8628128b45.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_06ad798b97e9", "question": {"start": "Milk", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Nurses\" with the only image whose subject is \"Milk\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_0783684bec9c", "question": {"start": "180a75df824d6c95.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the image created event of the other image that shares the subject \"Refugees\" with the PDF document \"180a75df824d6c95.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_0b943f38030d", "question": {"start": "Nurses, Male", "text": "What is the date of the publication print event of the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only image whose subject is \"Nurses, Male\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_0d7189fdccc3", "question": {"start": "Food Handling", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Nurses\" with the only image whose subject is \"Food Handling\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_0f0d74bddef5", "question": {"start": "Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Refugees\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_0fa0df1c546c", "question": {"start": "Milk", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Nurses\" with the only image whose subject is \"Milk\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_102bbbe1f7ed", "question": {"start": "Asia, Southeastern", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Refugees\" with the only PDF document whose subject is \"Asia, Southeastern\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_1100dd708d53", "question": {"start": "Food Service, Hospital", "text": "What is the date of the publication event of the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Nurses\" with the only image whose subject is \"Food Service, Hospital\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_190e61f5aaaa", "question": {"start": "Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health including UNDP/UNFPA/ UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Family Planning Services\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health including UNDP/UNFPA/ UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_1ac4b8476842", "question": {"start": "Outcome Assessment, Health Care", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only PDF document whose subject is \"Outcome Assessment, Health Care\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_1e45547e46ea", "question": {"start": "Ochlerotatus", "text": "What is the date of the publication event of the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Culex\" with the only image whose subject is \"Ochlerotatus\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_21e3681cd479", "question": {"start": "d0fa52dc8301d84b.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Nurses\" with the image \"d0fa52dc8301d84b.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_2241fb2f7d3e", "question": {"start": "Food Service, Hospital", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Nurses\" with the only image whose subject is \"Food Service, Hospital\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_273d03292297", "question": {"start": "Blood Pressure", "text": "What is the date of the publication print event of the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only image whose subject is \"Blood Pressure\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_28bd410b90fe", "question": {"start": "Blood Pressure Determination", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event of the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only image whose subject is \"Blood Pressure Determination\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_293fdcc71a36", "question": {"start": "Risk-Taking", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Nurses\" with the only PDF document whose subject is \"Risk-Taking\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_2989a33b365a", "question": {"start": "Milk", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Nurses\" with the only image whose subject is \"Milk\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_29a05a32d2c8", "question": {"start": "6325f30ff93e9b48.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Refugees\" with the image \"6325f30ff93e9b48.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_2d9dac86c9ab", "question": {"start": "6325f30ff93e9b48.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the publication print event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Refugees\" with the image \"6325f30ff93e9b48.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_3192ac837715", "question": {"start": "Blood Pressure", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only image whose subject is \"Blood Pressure\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_37bbbff6ee95", "question": {"start": "Music", "text": "What is the date of the publication print event of the other PDF document that shares a subject with the only image whose subject is \"Music\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_3a3121b89194", "question": {"start": "Hepatitis E virus", "text": "When was the publication print event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Refugees\" with the only image whose subject is \"Hepatitis E virus\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_3a90e4d0cb28", "question": {"start": "57614c452ceb9eed.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the other PDF document that shares a subject with the image \"57614c452ceb9eed.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_41d380fa8c99", "question": {"start": "Department of Development Economics, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Australia\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Department of Development Economics, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_42780dcefbd0", "question": {"start": "Public Health, Monash University, Banten, Indonesia", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Refugees\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Public Health, Monash University, Banten, Indonesia\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_43662814cb89", "question": {"start": "Nurses, Male", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only image whose subject is \"Nurses, Male\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_4422cf391311", "question": {"start": "Departement of Mental Health and Community Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Nurses\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Departement of Mental Health and Community Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_45c7620c2119", "question": {"start": "Blood Pressure Monitors", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only image whose subject is \"Blood Pressure Monitors\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_46c0c81762c4", "question": {"start": "Violence", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Nurses\" with the only PDF document whose subject is \"Violence\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_47995342a53d", "question": {"start": "Food Handling", "text": "What is the date of the revision received event for the other PDF document that shares the subject 'Nurses' with the only image whose subject is 'Food Handling'?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_4c08a904ed32", "question": {"start": "Blood Pressure Monitors", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only image whose subject is \"Blood Pressure Monitors\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_4c3a2a06b86d", "question": {"start": "Oxford Institute of Clinical Psychology Training and Research University of Oxford Oxford UK", "text": "What is the date of the image created event of the other image that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Oxford Institute of Clinical Psychology Training and Research University of Oxford Oxford UK\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_4c8077f21f20", "question": {"start": "8664de8628128b45.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares a subject with the image \"8664de8628128b45.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_4d782dcd7471", "question": {"start": "North America", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Australia\" with the only PDF document whose subject is \"North America\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_4fe7ecfc0c17", "question": {"start": "Food Service, Hospital", "text": "What is the date of the revision received event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Nurses\" with the only image whose subject is \"Food Service, Hospital\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_522a4c67aedc", "question": {"start": "Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Ramses Street, Cairo, Egypt", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Family Planning Services\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Ramses Street, Cairo, Egypt\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_57c34d61bb84", "question": {"start": "Nurses' Aides", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only image whose subject is \"Nurses' Aides\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_59190c7d46b1", "question": {"start": "aaa54f6601de5057.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject 'Caregivers' with the PDF document 'aaa54f6601de5057.pdf'?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_5add09693c3a", "question": {"start": "Reproductive Techniques, Assisted", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Australia\" with the only PDF document whose subject is \"Reproductive Techniques, Assisted\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_5c4796e81ed1", "question": {"start": "Hepatitis E", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Refugees\" with the only image whose subject is \"Hepatitis E\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_60616c120115", "question": {"start": "Blood Pressure Monitors", "text": "What is the date of the publication print event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only image whose subject is \"Blood Pressure Monitors\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_634d5adaf171", "question": {"start": "Mines Paristech, Paris, France", "text": "What is the date of the image created event of the other image that shares the subject \"Australia\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Mines Paristech, Paris, France\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_643f13034adb", "question": {"start": "SIRIS Lab, Research Division of SIRIS Academic, Barcelona, Spain", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Australia\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"SIRIS Lab, Research Division of SIRIS Academic, Barcelona, Spain\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_656db662e62c", "question": {"start": "Milk", "text": "What is the date of the revision received event of the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Nurses\" with the only image whose subject is \"Milk\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_66ba3fcbcaad", "question": {"start": "34b2c2eb86d2caa7.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Nurses\" with the PDF document \"34b2c2eb86d2caa7.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_674c72ba5733", "question": {"start": "University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Australia\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_6881258ce468", "question": {"start": "Ochlerotatus", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Culex\" with the only image whose subject is \"Ochlerotatus\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_6cd0a7f1dac1", "question": {"start": "Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject 'Caregivers' with the only image whose subject is 'Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory'?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_6d0566d5fd36", "question": {"start": "Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only image whose subject is \"Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_6e769d6ecb6a", "question": {"start": "6696b71d63563f9a.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the image \"6696b71d63563f9a.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_75853c43070c", "question": {"start": "8664de8628128b45.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the other PDF document that shares a subject with the image \"8664de8628128b45.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_7e883c5c9c14", "question": {"start": "Health Services", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Family Planning Services\" with the only PDF document whose subject is \"Health Services\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_7e8b2f5e9faa", "question": {"start": "Music", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares a subject with the only image whose subject is \"Music\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_7eefe8c9d29b", "question": {"start": "Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Australia\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_840bc960f213", "question": {"start": "Hepatitis E virus", "text": "What is the date of the publication event of the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Refugees\" with the only image whose subject is \"Hepatitis E virus\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_84c2f6a55d8a", "question": {"start": "Music", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the other PDF document that shares a subject with the only image whose subject is \"Music\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_8a1379684fed", "question": {"start": "Contraception", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Family Planning Services\" with the only PDF document whose subject is \"Contraception\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_8dc8813b4502", "question": {"start": "57614c452ceb9eed.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the other PDF document that shares a subject with the image \"57614c452ceb9eed.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_909507333154", "question": {"start": "Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only image whose subject is \"Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_90e69a63d2a8", "question": {"start": "Hepatitis E", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Refugees\" with the only image whose subject is \"Hepatitis E\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_913d82257399", "question": {"start": "6325f30ff93e9b48.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Refugees\" with the image \"6325f30ff93e9b48.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_93ddf969c134", "question": {"start": "66df612ef060e32a.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Family Planning Services\" with the PDF document \"66df612ef060e32a.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_95ab3feadcfe", "question": {"start": "Nurses, Male", "text": "When is the date of the acceptance event for the other PDF document that shares the subject 'Caregivers' with the only image whose subject is 'Nurses, Male'?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_98bd64b56eae", "question": {"start": "Blood Pressure Monitors", "text": "What is the date of the publication event of the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only image whose subject is \"Blood Pressure Monitors\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_99ba15a75e80", "question": {"start": "Doctoral Program, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Palembang City, South of Sumatera, Indonesia", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Nurses\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Doctoral Program, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Palembang City, South of Sumatera, Indonesia\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_9b07a37b18de", "question": {"start": "Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt", "text": "What is the date of the image created event of the other image that shares the subject \"Family Planning Services\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_9b883ea000ce", "question": {"start": "Department of Public Health, Policy, and Systems, Institute of Population Health, Policy, and Systems University of Liverpool Liverpool UK", "text": "What is the date of the image created event of the other image that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Department of Public Health, Policy, and Systems, Institute of Population Health, Policy, and Systems University of Liverpool Liverpool UK\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_9dd981692755", "question": {"start": "Blood Pressure Determination", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only image whose subject is \"Blood Pressure Determination\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_9f1821089929", "question": {"start": "Music", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the other PDF document that shares a subject with the only image whose subject is \"Music\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_a1eea2409a50", "question": {"start": "Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA", "text": "What is the date of the image created event of the other image that shares the subject \"Australia\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_a29742d723ea", "question": {"start": "Public Policy and Management, Monash University, Banten, Indonesia", "text": "What is the date of the image created event of the other image that shares the subject \"Refugees\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Public Policy and Management, Monash University, Banten, Indonesia\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_a48832189371", "question": {"start": "Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology University of Liverpool The Clinical Sciences Centre, Aintree Hospital Site, Lower Lane Liverpool L9 7AL UK", "text": "What is the date of the image created event of the other image that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology University of Liverpool The Clinical Sciences Centre, Aintree Hospital Site, Lower Lane Liverpool L9 7AL UK\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_a75b578ae102", "question": {"start": "Blood Pressure Determination", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the other PDF document that shares the subject 'Caregivers' with the only image whose subject is 'Blood Pressure Determination'?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_a9a8bcbadaa8", "question": {"start": "Europe", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Australia\" with the only PDF document whose subject is \"Europe\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_ac620c0a3b0a", "question": {"start": "Blood Pressure", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only image whose subject is \"Blood Pressure\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_af08c19539dc", "question": {"start": "57614c452ceb9eed.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares a subject with the image \"57614c452ceb9eed.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_afbd2ead2544", "question": {"start": "Department of Neurology Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust Liverpool UK", "text": "What is the date of the image created event of the other image that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Department of Neurology Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust Liverpool UK\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_b0d3fcef181f", "question": {"start": "Nurses' Aides", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only image whose subject is \"Nurses' Aides\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_b62a44ffe3a5", "question": {"start": "d0fa52dc8301d84b.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the revision received event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Nurses\" with the image \"d0fa52dc8301d84b.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_b78431bd7cdd", "question": {"start": "d0fa52dc8301d84b.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Nurses\" with the image \"d0fa52dc8301d84b.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_b7c2059541af", "question": {"start": "Blood Pressure Determination", "text": "What is the date of the publication print event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only image whose subject is \"Blood Pressure Determination\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_b877f1407ecc", "question": {"start": "82d03ebf0a85b9d4.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Culex\" with the image \"82d03ebf0a85b9d4.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_bbdbe80b95db", "question": {"start": "7a99e5406466bd7b.pdf", "text": "What is the date of the image created event of the other image that shares the subject \"Australia\" with the PDF document \"7a99e5406466bd7b.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_be243ba811ec", "question": {"start": "Epilepsy", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only PDF document whose subject is \"Epilepsy\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_bf61390bf634", "question": {"start": "d0fa52dc8301d84b.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Nurses\" with the image \"d0fa52dc8301d84b.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_c1d008fb68f7", "question": {"start": "School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia", "text": "What is the date of the image created event of the other image that shares the subject \"Refugees\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_c7bd624c8e4c", "question": {"start": "Blood Pressure", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only image whose subject is \"Blood Pressure\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_c92bf6ab0167", "question": {"start": "Myanmar", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Refugees\" with the only PDF document whose subject is \"Myanmar\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_cc7e24a10bf9", "question": {"start": "Nursing Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, South of Sumatera, Indonesia", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Nurses\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Nursing Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, South of Sumatera, Indonesia\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_ce223d7b9568", "question": {"start": "6696b71d63563f9a.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the image \"6696b71d63563f9a.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_cf642f14b08f", "question": {"start": "Nurses' Aides", "text": "What is the date of the publication print event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only image whose subject is \"Nurses' Aides\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_d0833ec7cb9b", "question": {"start": "82d03ebf0a85b9d4.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Culex\" with the image \"82d03ebf0a85b9d4.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_d78ee6f1df0e", "question": {"start": "Food Handling", "text": "What is the date of the submission event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Nurses\" with the only image whose subject is \"Food Handling\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_d911e166e72c", "question": {"start": "Food Service, Hospital", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Nurses\" with the only image whose subject is \"Food Service, Hospital\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_dc739b0aa113", "question": {"start": "6696b71d63563f9a.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the publication print event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the image \"6696b71d63563f9a.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_df597b68f840", "question": {"start": "Contraceptive Agents", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Family Planning Services\" with the only PDF document whose subject is \"Contraceptive Agents\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_e517e4778184", "question": {"start": "8664de8628128b45.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the other PDF document that shares a subject with the image \"8664de8628128b45.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_e557c7fd7cee", "question": {"start": "Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory", "text": "What is the date of the publication print event of the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only image whose subject is \"Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_e656473393f6", "question": {"start": "Human Geography, Anthropology and Development Studies Department, School of Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Refugees\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Human Geography, Anthropology and Development Studies Department, School of Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_e7db5fb79930", "question": {"start": "Public Health Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Banten, Indonesia", "text": "What is the date of the image created event of the other image that shares the subject \"Refugees\" with the only PDF document whose affiliation is \"Public Health Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Banten, Indonesia\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_e8e39a839e23", "question": {"start": "Adolescent Behavior", "text": "What is the date of the image created event for the other image that shares the subject \"Nurses\" with the only PDF document whose subject is \"Adolescent Behavior\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_f1a155d665a1", "question": {"start": "Nurses' Aides", "text": "What is the date of the publication event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only image whose subject is \"Nurses' Aides\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_f1c40cc8949e", "question": {"start": "82d03ebf0a85b9d4.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Culex\" with the image \"82d03ebf0a85b9d4.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_f319860c16fb", "question": {"start": "Nurses, Male", "text": "What is the date of the submission event of the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the only image whose subject is \"Nurses, Male\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_f6e8872d99f9", "question": {"start": "Food Handling", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Nurses\" with the only image whose subject is \"Food Handling\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_f7771f272f67", "question": {"start": "6696b71d63563f9a.jpg", "text": "What is the date of the acceptance event for the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Caregivers\" with the image \"6696b71d63563f9a.jpg\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image", "pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T4_healthcare_fc26ff549fb4", "question": {"start": "Hepatitis E", "text": "What is the date of the publication print event of the other PDF document that shares the subject \"Refugees\" with the only image whose subject is \"Hepatitis E\"?"}, "task": "T4"}
diff --git a/release/questions/T5/building.jsonl b/release/questions/T5/building.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d96797f53ed775232ee1b9807ee23fd5f0f6d906
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/questions/T5/building.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["BIM Informed Visual SLAM for Construction Environments", "Automating the Design of Embodied AgentArchitectures", "BIM Informed Visual SLAM for Construction Monitoring", "GLOBUS: GLObal Building heights for Urban Studies"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T5_building_d7ba0263ccfe", "question": {"delta_files": ["e16fb8a05445abb4.pdf", "1011647ea4d1b318.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/e16fb8a05445abb4.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/1011647ea4d1b318.txt"], "object": "048330cc6f4a11b2.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"048330cc6f4a11b2.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Bad Seeing or Bad Thinking? Rewarding Perception for Multimodal Reasoning", "Bad Seeing or Bad Thinking? Rewarding Perception for Vision-Language Reasoning", "A Review On Safe Reinforcement Learning Using Lyapunov and Barrier Functions", "Who Gets Flagged? The Pluralistic Evaluation Gap in AI Content Watermarking"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T5_building_e8b8ce3a1258", "question": {"delta_files": ["457f6320e08ef35d.pdf", "7de31fc4d1c3278b.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/457f6320e08ef35d.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/7de31fc4d1c3278b.txt"], "object": "8eacd4048a36982e.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"8eacd4048a36982e.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Benchmarks for Geospatial Foundation Models (GFMs) increasingly rank models by aggregate score, but such rankings obscure why models differ: how much of the gap is architecture, how much is decoder capacity, and how much is a use-case-specific artefact? This study addresses that gap through a controlled comparison of two GFMs developed under European Space Agency's $Φ$-lab with contrasting design philosophies: THOR, which introduces a compute-adaptive architecture supporting variable patch sizes and unifies Sentinel-1, -2, and -3 data at their native resolutions; and TerraMind, a multimodal generative GFM pretrained with a dual-scale token/pixel objective that enables any-to-any cross-modal generation (Thinking-in-Modalities) to infer missing sensors at inference time. Rather than reporting a single leaderboard, we investigate the axes along which the two architectures actually differ - patch size, decoder complexity, finetuning regime, input modality, and model scale - across ten use cases spanning segmentation and regression in diverse domains, including climate disaster response, methane leak detection, snow monitoring, or sea ice mapping. We find that architectural design choices - patch size and decoder type in particular - explain more performance variance than model identity itself, that the two models embody complementary investment strategies (pretraining-time scale for TerraMind versus inference-time tokenisation for THOR), and that correctly interpreting results requires dataset-level characterisation. The resulting picture is not a single winner but a set of hypotheses and a diagnostic ablation methodology that we expect to generalise to future GFMs beyond THOR and TerraMind.", "To monitor the seismic hazard in the Groningen gas field, we modify the rate-and-state model that relates changes in pore pressure to induced seismic hazard by allowing for noise in pore pressure measurements and by explicitly taking into account gas production volumes. We analyse the first and second-moment structure of the resulting Cox process, propose an unbiased estimating equation approach for the unknown model parameters and derive the posterior distribution of the driving random measure. We use a parallel Metropolis adjusted Langevin algorithm for sampling from the posterior and to monitor the hazard.", "This work tests a self-annotation-based unsupervised methodology for training a convolutional neural network (CNN) model for semantic segmentation of X-ray computed tomography (XCT) scans of concretes. Concrete poses a unique challenge for XCT imaging due to similar X-ray attenuation coefficients of aggregates and mortar, resulting in low-contrast between the two phases in the ensuing images. While CNN-based models are a proven technique for semantic segmentation in such challenging cases, they typically require labeled training data, which is often unavailable for new datasets or are costly to obtain. To counter that limitation, a self-annotation technique is used here which leverages superpixel algorithms to identify perceptually similar local regions in an image and relates them to the global context in the image by utilizing the receptive field of a CNN-based model. This enables the model to learn a global-local relationship in the images and enables identification of semantically similar structures. We therefore present the performance of the unsupervised training methodology on our XCT datasets and discuss potential avenues for further improvements.", "X-Ray Computed Tomography (XCT) is a compelling tool in experimental mechanics, capable of non-destructively extracting information pertaining to the internal morphology of materials. For materials with random heterogeneous morphology such as concrete, such information is of particular relevance since it allows for studies of morphology-related behaviour and for predictive modelling. Nevertheless, XCT images require semantic segmentation for practical usage. Here, concrete poses a unique challenge due to the similar X-ray attenuation coefficients of aggregates and mortar, which result in low contrast between the two phases in the ensuing XCT images. As such, purely intensity-dependent semantic segmentation tools remain unfeasible. While vision transformers (ViTs) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are proven techniques for semantic segmentation in such challenging cases, they typically require labelled training data, which is often unavailable for concrete or resource-intensive to obtain, thereby limiting their relevance. To address this challenge, a self-annotation technique is presented here that leverages superpixel algorithms to identify perceptually similar local regions in an image and relates them to the global context by utilizing the receptive field of a CNN-based model. This enables the model to learn a global-local relationship in the images and facilitates the identification of semantically similar structures. When evaluated against manually annotated ground truth on out-of-distribution data, the proposed methodology consistently outperformed direct greyscale thresholding across all pertinent metrics, demonstrating improved discernibility between aggregates and mortar, and providing the most favourable balance of sensitivity and precision for aggregate-phase identification."], "persona": "building", "qid": "T5_building_382d6f261869", "question": {"delta_files": ["64bf2501dd0edc1e.pdf", "414ade3fd784f11f.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/64bf2501dd0edc1e.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/414ade3fd784f11f.txt"], "object": "fee6627f88501f25.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"fee6627f88501f25.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Buildings account for 40 % of global energy consumption. A considerable portion of building energy consumption stems from heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), and thus implementing smart, energy-efficient HVAC systems has the potential to significantly impact the course of climate change. In recent years, model-free reinforcement learning algorithms have been increasingly assessed for this purpose due to their ability to learn and adapt purely from experience. They have been shown to outperform classical controllers in terms of energy cost and consumption, as well as thermal comfort. However, their weakness lies in their relatively poor data efficiency, requiring long periods of training to reach acceptable policies, making them inapplicable to real-world controllers directly. Hence, common research goals are to improve the learning speed, as well as to improve their ability to generalize, in order to facilitate transfer learning to unseen building environments. In this paper, we take a federated learning approach to training the reinforcement learning controller of an HVAC system. A global control policy is learned by aggregating local policies trained on multiple data centers located in different climate zones. The goal of the policy is to simultaneously minimize energy consumption and maximize thermal comfort. The federated optimization strategy indirectly increases both the rate at which experience data is collected and the variation in the data. We demonstrate through experimental evaluation that these effects lead to a faster learning speed, as well as greater generalization capabilities in the federated policy compared to any individually trained policy.", "Load uncertainty must be accounted for during design to ensure building energy systems can meet energy demands during operation. Reducing building load uncertainty allows for improved designs with less compromise to be identified, reducing the cost of decarbonizing energy usage. However, the building monitoring required to reduce load uncertainty is costly. This study quantifies the economic benefit of practical building monitoring for supporting energy system design decisions, to determine if its benefits outweigh its cost. Value of Information analysis (VoI) is a numerical framework for quantifying the benefit of uncertainty reduction to support decision making. An extension of the framework, termed 'On-Policy' VoI, is proposed, which admits complex decision making tasks where decision policies are required. This is applied to a case study district energy system design problem, where a Linear Program model is used to size solar-battery systems and grid connection capacity under uncertain building loads, modelled using historic electricity metering data. Load uncertainty is found to have a significant impact on both system operating costs (\\pm30%) and the optimal system design (\\pm20%). However, using building monitoring is found to reduce overall costs by less than 2% on average, less than the cost of measurement, and is therefore not economically worthwhile. This provides the first numerical evidence to support the sufficiency of using standard building load profiles for energy system design. Further, reducing only uncertainty in mean load is found to provide all available decision support benefit, meaning using hourly measurement data provides no benefit for energy retrofit design.", "Buildings account for 40% of global energy consumption. A considerable portion of building energy consumption stems from heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), and thus implementing smart, energy-efficient HVAC systems has the potential to significantly impact the course of climate change. In recent years, model-free reinforcement learning algorithms have been increasingly assessed for this purpose due to their ability to learn and adapt purely from experience. They have been shown to outperform classical controllers in terms of energy cost and consumption, as well as thermal comfort. However, their weakness lies in their relatively poor data efficiency, requiring long periods of training to reach acceptable policies, making them inapplicable to real-world controllers directly. In this paper, we demonstrate that using federated learning to train the reinforcement learning controller of HVAC systems can improve the learning speed, as well as improve their ability to generalize, which in turn facilitates transfer learning to unseen building environments. In our setting, a global control policy is learned by aggregating local policies trained on multiple data centers located in different climate zones. The goal of the policy is to minimize energy consumption and maximize thermal comfort. We perform experiments evaluating three different optimizers for local policy training, as well as three different federated learning algorithms against two alternative baselines. Our experiments show that these effects lead to a faster learning speed, as well as greater generalization capabilities in the federated policy compared to any individually trained policy. Furthermore, the learning stability is significantly improved, with the learning process and performance of the federated policy being less sensitive to the choice of parameters and the inherent randomness of reinforcement learning.", "Designing state encoders for reinforcement learning (RL) with multiple information sources -- such as sensor measurements, time-series signals, image observations, and textual instructions -- remains underexplored and often requires manual design. We formalize this challenge as a problem of composite neural architecture search (NAS), where multiple source-specific modules and a fusion module are jointly optimized. Existing NAS methods overlook useful side information from the intermediate outputs of these modules -- such as their representation quality -- limiting sample efficiency in multi-source RL settings. To address this, we propose an LLM-driven NAS pipeline that leverages language-model priors and intermediate-output signals to guide sample-efficient search for high-performing composite state encoders. On a mixed-autonomy traffic control task, our approach discovers higher-performing architectures with fewer candidate evaluations than traditional NAS baselines and the LLM-based GENIUS framework."], "persona": "building", "qid": "T5_building_2d1ab16a55a8", "question": {"delta_files": ["79980d79c267b4d1.pdf", "fb4dbe970a7d20d9.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/79980d79c267b4d1.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/fb4dbe970a7d20d9.txt"], "object": "75c29388226257e4.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"75c29388226257e4.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Buildings account for 40 % of global energy consumption. A considerable portion of building energy consumption stems from heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), and thus implementing smart, energy-efficient HVAC systems has the potential to significantly impact the course of climate change. In recent years, model-free reinforcement learning algorithms have been increasingly assessed for this purpose due to their ability to learn and adapt purely from experience. They have been shown to outperform classical controllers in terms of energy cost and consumption, as well as thermal comfort. However, their weakness lies in their relatively poor data efficiency, requiring long periods of training to reach acceptable policies, making them inapplicable to real-world controllers directly. Hence, common research goals are to improve the learning speed, as well as to improve their ability to generalize, in order to facilitate transfer learning to unseen building environments. In this paper, we take a federated learning approach to training the reinforcement learning controller of an HVAC system. A global control policy is learned by aggregating local policies trained on multiple data centers located in different climate zones. The goal of the policy is to simultaneously minimize energy consumption and maximize thermal comfort. The federated optimization strategy indirectly increases both the rate at which experience data is collected and the variation in the data. We demonstrate through experimental evaluation that these effects lead to a faster learning speed, as well as greater generalization capabilities in the federated policy compared to any individually trained policy.", "Load uncertainty must be accounted for during design to ensure building energy systems can meet energy demands during operation. Reducing building load uncertainty allows for improved designs with less compromise to be identified, reducing the cost of decarbonizing energy usage. However, the building monitoring required to reduce load uncertainty is costly. This study quantifies the economic benefit of practical building monitoring for supporting energy system design decisions, to determine if its benefits outweigh its cost. Value of Information analysis (VoI) is a numerical framework for quantifying the benefit of uncertainty reduction to support decision making. An extension of the framework, termed 'On-Policy' VoI, is proposed, which admits complex decision making tasks where decision policies are required. This is applied to a case study district energy system design problem, where a Linear Program model is used to size solar-battery systems and grid connection capacity under uncertain building loads, modelled using historic electricity metering data. Load uncertainty is found to have a significant impact on both system operating costs (\\pm30%) and the optimal system design (\\pm20%). However, using building monitoring is found to reduce overall costs by less than 2% on average, less than the cost of measurement, and is therefore not economically worthwhile. This provides the first numerical evidence to support the sufficiency of using standard building load profiles for energy system design. Further, reducing only uncertainty in mean load is found to provide all available decision support benefit, meaning using hourly measurement data provides no benefit for energy retrofit design.", "This chapter presents methodological reflections on the necessity and utility of artificial intelligence in generative design. Specifically, the chapter discusses how generative design processes can be augmented by AI to deliver in terms of a few outcomes of interest or performance indicators while dealing with hundreds or thousands of small decisions. The core of the performance-based generative design paradigm is about making statistical or simulation-driven associations between these choices and consequences for mapping and navigating such a complex decision space. This chapter will discuss promising directions in Artificial Intelligence for augmenting decision-making processes in architectural design for mapping and navigating complex design spaces.", "Load uncertainty must be accounted for during design to ensure building energy systems can meet energy demands during operation. Reducing building load uncertainty allows for improved designs with less compromise to be identified, reducing the cost of decarbonizing energy usage. However, the building monitoring required to reduce load uncertainty is costly. This study uses Value of Information analysis (VoI) to quantify the economic benefit of practical building monitoring for supporting energy system design decisions, and determine if its benefits outweigh its cost. An extension of the VoI framework, termed 'On-Policy' VoI, is proposed, which admits complex decision making tasks where decision policies are required. This is applied to a case study district energy system design problem, where a Linear Program model is used to size solar-battery systems and grid connection capacity under uncertain building loads, modelled using historic electricity metering data. Load uncertainty is found to significantly impact both system operating costs ($\\pm$30%) and the optimal system design ($\\pm$20%). However, using building monitoring data to improve the design of the district reduces overall costs by less than 1.5% on average. As this is less than the cost of measurement, using monitoring is not economically worthwhile in this case. This provides the first numerical evidence to support the sufficiency of using standard building load profiles for energy system design. Further, reducing only uncertainty in mean load is found to provide most of the available decision support benefit, meaning using hourly measurement data provides little benefit for energy retrofit design."], "persona": "building", "qid": "T5_building_acb62eedb7f3", "question": {"delta_files": ["a61b86f08c523618.pdf", "e2e42f8771e3e47e.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/a61b86f08c523618.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/e2e42f8771e3e47e.txt"], "object": "ca1a284f4f8dbfde.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"ca1a284f4f8dbfde.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Conventional neural network elastoplasticity models are often perceived as lacking interpretability. This paper introduces a two-step machine learning approach that returns mathematical models interpretable by human experts. In particular, we introduce a surrogate model where yield surfaces are expressed in terms of a set of single-variable feature mappings obtained from supervised learning. A postprocessing step is then used to re-interpret the set of single-variable neural network mapping functions into mathematical form through symbolic regression. This divide-and-conquer approach provides several important advantages. First, it enables us to overcome the scaling issue of symbolic regression algorithms. From a practical perspective, it enhances the portability of learned models for partial differential equation solvers written in different programming languages. Finally, it enables us to have a concrete understanding of the attributes of the materials, such as convexity and symmetries of models, through automated derivations and reasoning. Numerical examples have been provided, along with an open-source code to enable third party validation.", "Tangible control interfaces (TCIs), such as appliance panels, remotes, elevators, and embedded GUIs, are a fundamental component of everyday human-built environments. Interacting with these interfaces requires agents not only to ground language in visual observations,but also to execute actions, track temporally evolving state changes, and verify whether intended outcomes have been achieved. However, existing benchmarks predominantly evaluate open-loop perception or single-step action execution, failing to capture this continuous cycle of interaction, feedback, and correction. We introduce SWITCH, a benchmark for closed-loop interactive reasoning with TCIs in realistic egocentric environments1. SWITCH comprises 1,170 temporally interactive videos across diverse functional categories, providing structured annotations of instructions, actions, state transitions, outcomes, and recovery behaviors over time. To probe generative world modeling, SWITCH also evaluates video generation models on interaction-centered tasks using both LLM-as-judge and human evaluation2.Experiments with frontier proprietary and opensource multimodal models reveal persistent weaknesses in fine-grained visual-temporal perception, outcome verification, and error recovery, highlighting SWITCH as a testbed for closed-loop embodied intelligence.", "To monitor the seismic hazard in the Groningen gas field, we modify the rate-and-state model that relates changes in pore pressure to induced seismic hazard by allowing for noise in pore pressure measurements and by explicitly taking into account gas production volumes. We analyse the first and second-moment structure of the resulting Cox process, propose an unbiased estimating equation approach for the unknown model parameters and derive the posterior distribution of the driving random measure. We use a parallel Metropolis adjusted Langevin algorithm for sampling from the posterior and to monitor the hazard.", "Conventional neural network elastoplasticity models are often perceived as lacking interpretability. This paper introduces a two-step machine learning approach that returns mathematical models interpretable by human experts. In particular, we introduce a surrogate model where yield surfaces are expressed in terms of a set of single-variable feature mappings obtained from supervised learning. A post-processing step is then used to re-interpret the set of single-variable neural network mapping functions into mathematical form through symbolic regression. This divide-and-conquer approach provides several important advantages. First, it enables us to overcome the scaling issue of symbolic regression algorithms. From a practical perspective, it enhances the portability of learned models for partial differential equation solvers written in different programming languages. Finally, it enables us to have a concrete understanding of the attributes of the materials, such as convexity and symmetries of models, through automated derivations and reasoning. Numerical examples have been provided, along with an open-source code to enable third-party validation."], "persona": "building", "qid": "T5_building_58d5c752c232", "question": {"delta_files": ["3d4273c45a8e5947.pdf", "56d477d4fa778841.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/3d4273c45a8e5947.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/56d477d4fa778841.txt"], "object": "9f5d959ba5edd6a4.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"9f5d959ba5edd6a4.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Detention ponds can mitigate flooding and improve water quality by allowing the settlement of pollutants. Typically, they are operated with fully open orifices and weirs (i.e., passive control). Active controls can improve the performance of these systems: orifices can be retrofitted with controlled valves and spillways can have controllable gates. The real-time optimal operation of its hydraulic devices can be achieved with techniques such as Model Predictive Control (MPC). A distributed quasi-2D hydrologic-hydrodynamic coupled with a reservoir flood routing model is developed and integrated with an MPC algorithm to estimate the operation of valves and movable gates. The control optimization problem is adapted to switch from a flood-related algorithm focusing on mitigating floods to a heuristic objective function that aims to increase the detention time when no inflow hydrographs are predicted. The case studies show the potential of applying the methods developed in a catchment in Sao Paulo, Brazil. The performance of MPC compared to alternatives with either fully or partially open valves and gates are tested. Comparisons with HEC-RAS 2D indicate volume and peak flow errors of approximately 1.4% and 0.91% for the watershed module. Simulating two consecutive 10-year storms shows that the MPC strategy can achieve peak flow reductions of 79%. In contrast, passive control has nearly half of the performance. A 1-year continuous simulation results show that the passive scenario with 25% of the valves opened can treat 12% more runoff compared to the developed MPC approach, with an average detention time of approximately 6 hours. For the MPC approach, the average detention time is nearly 14 hours indicating that both control techniques can treat similar volumes; however, the proxy water quality for the MPC approach is enhanced due to the longer detention times.", "Enabling robots to autonomously discover high-level spatial concepts (e.g., rooms and walls) from primitive geometric observations (e.g., planar surfaces) within 3D Scene Graphs is essential for robust indoor navigation and mapping. These graphs provide a hierarchical metric-semantic representation in which such concepts are organized. To further enhance graph-SLAM performance, Factorized 3D Scene Graphs incorporate these concepts as optimization factors that constrain relative geometry and enforce global consistency. However, both stages of this process remain largely manual: concepts are typically derived using hand-crafted, concept-specific heuristics, while factors and their covariances are likewise manually designed. This reliance on manual specification limits generalization across diverse environments and scalability to new concept classes. This paper presents a novel learning-based method that infers spatial concepts online from observed vertical planes and introduces them as optimizable factors within a SLAM backend, eliminating the need to handcraft concept generation, factor design, and covariance specification. We evaluate our approach in simulated environments with complex layouts, improving room detection by 20.7% and trajectory estimation by 19.2%. Validated on real construction sites, room detection improves by 5.3% and map matching accuracy by 3.8%.", "Enabling robots to autonomously discover high-level spatial concepts (e.g., rooms and walls) from primitive geometric observations (e.g., planar surfaces) within 3D Scene Graphs is essential for robust indoor navigation and mapping. These graphs provide a hierarchical metric-semantic representation in which such concepts are organized. To further enhance graph-SLAM performance, Factorized 3D Scene Graphs incorporate these concepts as optimization factors that constrain relative geometry and enforce global consistency. However, both stages of this process remain largely manual: concepts are typically derived using hand-crafted, concept-specific heuristics, while factors and their covariances are likewise manually designed. This reliance on manual specification limits generalization across diverse environments and scalability to new concept classes. This paper presents a novel learning-based method that infers spatial concepts online from observed vertical planes and introduces them as optimizable factors within a SLAM backend, eliminating the need to handcraft concept generation, factor design, and covariance specification. We evaluate our approach in simulated environments with complex layouts, improving room detection by 20.7% and trajectory estimation by 19.2%, and further validate it on real construction sites, where room detection improves by 5.3% and map matching accuracy by 3.8%. Results confirm that learned factors can improve their handcrafted counterparts in SLAM systems and serve as a foundation for extending this approach to new spatial concepts.", "This study introduces intelligent frameworks that use Large Language Models (LLMs) to improve task scheduling for construction robots. The LLM is fed with key data about the desired task, such as agent action abilities, and the desired end goal to be achieved. A well-balanced allocation strategy is developed, optimizing both time efficiency and resource utilization. Our system utilizes a Natural Language Processing interface to streamline communication with construction professionals and adapt in real-time to unexpected site conditions. We concurrently use two LLM agents, specifically generator (GPT-4) and supervisor (Gemma 3/Llama 4/Mistral 7b) LLM agents to provide a more precise task schedule. We evaluate the proposed methodology using a straightforward scenario and provide metric scores to prove the efficacy of the frameworks. Our results highlight that the implementation of LLMs is crucial in construction operational tasks including robots."], "persona": "building", "qid": "T5_building_1a2ebf52b6ae", "question": {"delta_files": ["dea08aaacdb6df99.pdf", "41674881fad3e03b.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/dea08aaacdb6df99.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/41674881fad3e03b.txt"], "object": "4e1f72b5a9e24a87.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"4e1f72b5a9e24a87.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Edge-Based QoS-Aware Adaptive Task Placement: A Closed-Loop Control in Multi-Robot Systems", "RoomPilot: Controllable Indoor Scene Synthesis via Multimodal Semantic Parsing", "Spatiotemporal Decision Transformer for Traffic Coordination", "RoomPilot: Controllable Synthesis of Interactive Indoor Environments via Multimodal Semantic Parsing"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T5_building_f8be2c17f4e5", "question": {"delta_files": ["855c738a3f40b67a.pdf", "7a92fe25d2867733.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/855c738a3f40b67a.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/7a92fe25d2867733.txt"], "object": "f25a9dbddb3bc45a.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"f25a9dbddb3bc45a.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Fucai Ke; Joy Hsu; Zhixi Cai; Zixian Ma; Xin Zheng; Xindi Wu; Sukai Huang; Weiqing Wang; Pari Delir Haghighi; Gholamreza Haffari; Ranjay Krishna; Jiajun Wu; Hamid Rezatofighi", "Dimitri Goutaudier", "Ehsan Naghizadeh; Paolo Tiso; Eleni Chatzi", "Ehsan Naghizadeh; Eleni Chatzi; Paolo Tiso"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T5_building_abbc2f5c6bc9", "question": {"delta_files": ["176fced9af1dded9.pdf", "1e53bbc03b5254e1.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/176fced9af1dded9.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/1e53bbc03b5254e1.txt"], "object": "f1565fe8ca0c993a.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "Who is the author list of the PDF document \"f1565fe8ca0c993a.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Higher-order transmissibility and its linear approximation for in-service crack identification in train wheelset axles", "Supervised Mixture-of-Experts for Surgical Grasping and Retraction", "MoE-ACT: Improving Surgical Imitation Learning Policies through Supervised Mixture-of-Experts", "Automating the Design of Embodied AgentArchitectures"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T5_building_c988f00ee156", "question": {"delta_files": ["8016c517eb878318.pdf", "bf4e7a4d08429a06.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/8016c517eb878318.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/bf4e7a4d08429a06.txt"], "object": "d57978e3f1070147.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"d57978e3f1070147.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Juyi Sheng; Jincheng Li; Mingxin Tan; Mengyuan Liu", "Juyi Sheng; Mingxin Tan; Jincheng Li; Mengyuan Liu", "Zhengpeng Feng; Sadiq Jaffer; Ira Shokar; Jovana Knezevic; James Ball; Pedro Sousa; Mark Elvers; Madeline Lisaius; Clement Atzberger; Robin Young; Aneesh Naik; Niall Robinson; David Coomes; Anil Madhavapeddy; Srinivasan Keshav", "Bahador Bahmani; Hyoung Suk Suh; WaiChing Sun"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T5_building_b391454873f5", "question": {"delta_files": ["2ead76990d829c2d.pdf", "28620f31019b3240.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/2ead76990d829c2d.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/28620f31019b3240.txt"], "object": "efabe0202306c23c.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "Who is the author list of the PDF document \"efabe0202306c23c.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Leading entries on the multi-task track of the 11th ABAW challenge rely on heavy ensembling, yet which member is worth adding to an already strong ensemble is rarely made explicit. We study this question for joint valence-arousal estimation, 8-way expression recognition, and 12-way action-unit detection from a single unconstrained face, under partial, long-tailed labels and a rule that forbids pretraining on Aff-Wild2. Building on a shared affect-latent that marginalizes the missing labels across two affect-supervised backbones, we propose a strength-parity rule: an added member lowers the ensemble error only when it is both decorrelated from the current members and a near-peer of them in individual accuracy. The rule exposes a concrete obstacle, as on a single backbone re-seeding and even distinct fine-tuning curricula re-converge to a prediction correlation of 0.98 and add no diversity. Parameter-isolation removes it: confining each adaptation to a disjoint low-rank subspace of a shared backbone yields experts that stay decorrelated at 0.91 while remaining near-peers, the strongest of them an AffectNet-adapted expert. The resulting system raises the overall validation score to 1.6949, against the organizers ConvNeXt-with-MixAugment baseline of 0.45; with per-AU calibration and by pooling the shared-latent heads valence-arousal byproduct as a further near-peer, the strongest configuration reaches 1.7259. Source code are available at https://github.com/cprl-team/MTL-ABAW-11th.", "Reinforcement learning (RL) has proven to be particularly effective in solving complex decision-making problems for a wide range of applications. From a control theory perspective, RL can be considered as an adaptive optimal control scheme. Lyapunov and barrier functions are the most commonly used certificates to guarantee system stability for a proposed/derived controller and constraint satisfaction guarantees, respectively, in control theoretic approaches. However, compared to theoretical guarantees available in control theoretic methods, RL lacks closed-loop stability of a computed policy and constraint satisfaction guarantees. Safe reinforcement learning refers to a class of constrained problems where the constraint violations lead to partial or complete system failure. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of safe RL techniques using Lyapunov and barrier functions to guarantee this notion of safety discussed (stability of the system in terms of a computed policy and constraint satisfaction during training and deployment). The different approaches employed are discussed in detail along with their shortcomings and benefits to provide critique and possible future research directions. Key motivation for this review is to discuss current theoretical approaches for safety and stability guarantees in RL similar to control theoretic approaches using Lyapunov and barrier functions. The review provides proven potential and promising scope of providing safety guarantees for complex dynamical systems with operational constraints using model-based and model-free RL.", "Sound effects build an essential layer of multimodal storytelling, shaping the emotional atmosphere and the narrative semantics of videos. Despite recent advancement in video-text-to-audio (VT2A), the current formulation faces three key limitations: First, an imbalance between visual and textual conditioning that leads to visual dominance; Second, the absence of a concrete definition for fine-grained controllable generation; Third, weak instruction understanding and following, as existing datasets rely on brief categorical tags. To address these limitations, we introduce EchoFoley, a new task designed for video-grounded sound generation with both event level local control and hierarchical semantic control. Our symbolic representation for sounding events specifies when, what, and how each sound is produced within a video or instruction, enabling fine-grained controls like sound generation, insertion, and editing. To support this task, we construct EchoFoley-6k, a large-scale, expert-curated benchmark containing over 6,000 video-instruction-annotation triplets. Building upon this foundation, we propose EchoVidia a sounding-event-centric agentic generation framework with slow-fast thinking strategy. Experiments show that EchoVidia surpasses recent VT2A models by 40.7% in controllability and 12.5% in perceptual quality.", "Leading entries on the multi-task track of the 11th ABAW challenge rely on heavy ensembling, yet which member is worth adding to an already strong ensemble is rarely made explicit. We study this question for joint valence-arousal estimation, 8-way expression recognition, and 12-way action-unit detection from a single unconstrained face, under partial, long-tailed labels and a rule that forbids pretraining on Aff-Wild2. Building on a shared affect-latent that marginalizes the missing labels across two affect-supervised backbones, we propose a strength-parity rule: an added member lowers the ensemble error only when it is both decorrelated from the current members and a near-peer of them in individual accuracy. The rule exposes a concrete obstacle, as on a single backbone re-seeding and even distinct fine-tuning curricula re-converge to a prediction correlation of 0.98 and add no diversity. Parameter-isolation removes it: confining each adaptation to a disjoint low-rank subspace of a shared backbone yields experts that stay decorrelated at 0.91 while remaining near-peers, the strongest of them an AffectNet-adapted expert. The resulting system raises the overall validation score to 1.6949, against the organizers ConvNeXt-with-MixAugment baseline of 0.45; with per-AU calibration and by pooling the shared-latent heads valence-arousal byproduct as a further near-peer, the strongest configuration reaches 1.7259."], "persona": "building", "qid": "T5_building_692583e361ac", "question": {"delta_files": ["7ff0513a83c116c8.pdf", "2da400c6a6dd6385.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/7ff0513a83c116c8.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/2da400c6a6dd6385.txt"], "object": "5cf6398e29beed2c.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"5cf6398e29beed2c.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Letian Fu; Justin Yu; Karim El-Refai; Ethan Kou; Haoru Xue; Huang Huang; Wenli Xiao; Guanzhi Wang; Dantong Niu; Fei-Fei Li; Guanya Shi; Jiajun Wu; Shankar Sastry; Yuke Zhu; Ken Goldberg; Linxi \"Jim\" Fan", "Zhengpeng Feng; Sadiq Jaffer; Ira Shokar; Jovana Knezevic; Mark Elvers; Clement Atzberger; Robin Young; Aneesh Naik; Niall Robinson; Andrew Blake; David Coomes; Anil Madhavapeddy; Srinivasan Keshav", "Wentao Che; Esteban Garcés Arias; Asim Niaz; Andreas Bender; Enrique Jiménez", "Max Fu; Justin Yu; Karim El-Refai; Ethan Kou; Haoru Xue; Huang Huang; Wenli Xiao; Guanzhi Wang; Fei-Fei Li; Guanya Shi; Jiajun Wu; Shankar Sastry; Yuke Zhu; Ken Goldberg; Linxi \"Jim\" Fan"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T5_building_8f7cd7a7bf59", "question": {"delta_files": ["c6dbefc9a61c06cb.pdf", "c8511498007ec96d.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/c6dbefc9a61c06cb.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/c8511498007ec96d.txt"], "object": "f96cd3ab3a6d2f42.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "Who is in the author list of the PDF document \"f96cd3ab3a6d2f42.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Load uncertainty must be accounted for during design to ensure building energy systems can meet energy demands during operation. Reducing building load uncertainty allows for improved designs with less compromise to be identified, reducing the cost of decarbonizing energy usage. However, the building monitoring required to reduce load uncertainty is costly. This study uses Value of Information analysis (VoI) to quantify the economic benefit of practical building monitoring for supporting energy system design decisions, and determine if its benefits outweigh its cost. An extension of the VoI framework, termed 'On-Policy' VoI, is proposed, which admits complex decision making tasks where decision policies are required. This is applied to a case study district energy system design problem, where a Linear Program model is used to size solar-battery systems and grid connection capacity under uncertain building loads, modelled using historic electricity metering data. Load uncertainty is found to significantly impact both system operating costs ($\\pm$30%) and the optimal system design ($\\pm$20%). However, using building monitoring data to improve the design of the district reduces overall costs by less than 1.5% on average. As this is less than the cost of measurement, using monitoring is not economically worthwhile in this case. This provides the first numerical evidence to support the sufficiency of using standard building load profiles for energy system design. Further, reducing only uncertainty in mean load is found to provide most of the available decision support benefit, meaning using hourly measurement data provides little benefit for energy retrofit design.", "The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has ushered in a new era of artificial intelligence, with the potential to transform various sectors through automation and insightful analysis. The Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture has been proposed as a solution to enhance model performance in complex tasks. Yet, existing MoE models struggle with task-specific learning and interpretability, especially in fields like medicine where precision is critical. This paper introduces the Adaptive Task-planing Mixture of Experts(AT-MoE), an innovative architecture designed to address these limitations. We first train task-specific experts via LoRA approach to enhance problem-solving capabilities and interpretability in specialized areas. Subsequently, we introduce a layer-wise adaptive grouped routing module that optimizes module fusion based on complex task instructions, ensuring optimal task resolution. The grouped routing module first perform overall weight allocation from the dimension of the expert group, and then conduct local weight normalization adjustments within the group. This design maintains multi-dimensional balance, controllability, and interpretability, while facilitating task-specific fusion in response to complex instructions.", "Designing mechanically efficient geometry for architectural structures like shells, towers, and bridges, is an expensive iterative process. Existing techniques for solving such inverse problems rely on traditional optimization methods, which are slow and computationally expensive, limiting iteration speed and design exploration. Neural networks would seem to offer a solution via data-driven amortized optimization, but they often require extensive fine-tuning and cannot ensure that important design criteria, such as mechanical integrity, are met. In this work, we combine neural networks with a differentiable mechanics simulator to develop a model that accelerates the solution of shape approximation problems for architectural structures represented as bar systems. This model explicitly guarantees compliance with mechanical constraints while generating designs that closely match target geometries. We validate our approach in two tasks, the design of masonry shells and cable-net towers. Our model achieves better accuracy and generalization than fully neural alternatives, and comparable accuracy to direct optimization but in real time, enabling fast and reliable design exploration. We further demonstrate its advantages by integrating it into 3D modeling software and fabricating a physical prototype. Our work opens up new opportunities for accelerated mechanical design enhanced by neural networks for the built environment.", "Designing mechanically efficient geometry for architectural structures like shells, towers, and bridges is an expensive iterative process. Existing techniques for solving such inverse mechanical problems rely on traditional direct optimization methods, which are slow and computationally expensive, limiting iteration speed and design exploration. Neural networks would seem to offer a solution, via data-driven amortized optimization for specific design tasks, but they often require extensive fine-tuning and cannot ensure that important design criteria, such as mechanical integrity, are met. In this work, we combine neural networks with a differentiable mechanics simulator to develop a model that accelerates the solution of shape approximation problems for architectural structures modeled as bar systems. As a result, our model offers explicit guarantees to satisfy mechanical constraints while generating designs that match target geometries. We validate our model in two tasks, the design of masonry shells and cable-net towers. Our model achieves better accuracy and generalization than fully neural alternatives, and comparable accuracy to direct optimization but in real time, enabling fast and sound design exploration. We further demonstrate the real-world potential of our trained model by deploying it in 3D modeling software and by fabricating a physical prototype. Our work opens up new opportunities for accelerated physical design enhanced by neural networks for the built environment."], "persona": "building", "qid": "T5_building_78b22d5934a4", "question": {"delta_files": ["baa80526204451a1.pdf", "a40a19f4690aa4e5.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/baa80526204451a1.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/a40a19f4690aa4e5.txt"], "object": "a943bb2e0e8303a8.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"a943bb2e0e8303a8.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Long Story Short: Disentangling Compositionality and Long-Caption Understanding in VLMs", "Liquid Neural Networks as a Drop-in Continuous-Time Deformation Field for Dynamic 3D Gaussian Splatting", "Long Story Short: Disentangling Compositionality and Long-Caption Understanding in Contrastive VLMs", "MoVerse: Real-Time Video World Modeling with Panoramic Gaussian Scaffold"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T5_building_1fac70b7598a", "question": {"delta_files": ["db6e8a0b05e6fb1f.pdf", "c14943883fe5cb44.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/db6e8a0b05e6fb1f.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/c14943883fe5cb44.txt"], "object": "63bf6452cae09e90.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"63bf6452cae09e90.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["On the moments of Cox rate-and-state models", "Dynamic models of gentrification", "CORE: Common Outcome Regularities from Action-Free Visual Demonstrations for Robot Manipulation", "A Cox rate-and-state model for monitoring seismic hazard in the Groningen gas field"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T5_building_84ec51049c20", "question": {"delta_files": ["f34700f810c1299b.pdf", "c01f8c57c6990b5c.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/f34700f810c1299b.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/c01f8c57c6990b5c.txt"], "object": "05016dcf48a96bfb.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"05016dcf48a96bfb.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["On the moments of Cox rate-and-state models", "GLObal Building heights for Urban Studies (UT-GLOBUS) for city- and street- scale urban simulations: Development and first applications", "Automating the Design of Embodied AgentArchitectures", "GLOBUS: GLObal Building heights for Urban Studies"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T5_building_f91513a5f200", "question": {"delta_files": ["6635dccfe579eab3.pdf", "df4ad1c8bfc07f41.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/6635dccfe579eab3.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/df4ad1c8bfc07f41.txt"], "object": "336a0bcee34f6d2a.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"336a0bcee34f6d2a.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Rate-and-state models are widely used physical models for the relation between changes in pore pressure due to fluid injection or gas extraction and the induced seismic hazard in a field. We consider the modification where the pore pressure measurements are affected by noise and provide explicit expressions for the first and second moments of the state variable. We show that when the pressure increases, there is positive correlation. In the case of decreasing pressure, both positive and negative correlation is possible. Using the delta method, approximate first and second moments of the rate variable are derived and compared to empirical moments.", "Designing state encoders for reinforcement learning (RL) with multiple information sources -- such as sensor measurements, time-series signals, image observations, and textual instructions -- remains underexplored and often requires manual design. We formalize this challenge as a problem of composite neural architecture search (NAS), where multiple source-specific modules and a fusion module are jointly optimized. Existing NAS methods overlook useful side information from the intermediate outputs of these modules -- such as their representation quality -- limiting sample efficiency in multi-source RL settings. To address this, we propose an LLM-driven NAS pipeline that leverages language-model priors and intermediate-output signals to guide sample-efficient search for high-performing composite state encoders. On a mixed-autonomy traffic control task, our approach discovers higher-performing architectures with fewer candidate evaluations than traditional NAS baselines and the LLM-based GENIUS framework.", "Designing state encoders for reinforcement learning (RL) with multiple information sources -- such as sensor measurements, time-series signals, image observations, and textual instructions -- remains underexplored and often requires manual design. We formalize this challenge as a problem of composite neural architecture search (NAS), where multiple source-specific modules and a fusion module are jointly optimized. Existing NAS methods overlook useful side information from the intermediate outputs of these modules -- such as their representation quality -- limiting sample efficiency in multi-source RL settings. To address this, we propose an LLM-driven NAS pipeline in which the LLM serves as a neural architecture design agent, leveraging language-model priors and intermediate-output signals to guide sample-efficient search for high-performing composite state encoders. On a mixed-autonomy traffic control task, our approach discovers higher-performing architectures with fewer candidate evaluations than traditional NAS baselines and the LLM-based GENIUS framework.", "Buildings account for 40 % of global energy consumption. A considerable portion of building energy consumption stems from heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), and thus implementing smart, energy-efficient HVAC systems has the potential to significantly impact the course of climate change. In recent years, model-free reinforcement learning algorithms have been increasingly assessed for this purpose due to their ability to learn and adapt purely from experience. They have been shown to outperform classical controllers in terms of energy cost and consumption, as well as thermal comfort. However, their weakness lies in their relatively poor data efficiency, requiring long periods of training to reach acceptable policies, making them inapplicable to real-world controllers directly. Hence, common research goals are to improve the learning speed, as well as to improve their ability to generalize, in order to facilitate transfer learning to unseen building environments. In this paper, we take a federated learning approach to training the reinforcement learning controller of an HVAC system. A global control policy is learned by aggregating local policies trained on multiple data centers located in different climate zones. The goal of the policy is to simultaneously minimize energy consumption and maximize thermal comfort. The federated optimization strategy indirectly increases both the rate at which experience data is collected and the variation in the data. We demonstrate through experimental evaluation that these effects lead to a faster learning speed, as well as greater generalization capabilities in the federated policy compared to any individually trained policy."], "persona": "building", "qid": "T5_building_8eefe253833b", "question": {"delta_files": ["9a9112b7e3d4810e.pdf", "ed163578b5324544.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/9a9112b7e3d4810e.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/ed163578b5324544.txt"], "object": "b7951c109775ee0b.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"b7951c109775ee0b.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Rationalising data collection for supporting decision making in building energy systems using Value of Information analysis", "Learning to Look Again: Loss-Gap Supervision for Free-form Crop Routing in Vision-Language Models", "Rationalising data collection for building energy systems using Value of Information Analysis", "Bidirectional yet asymmetric causality between urban systems and traffic dynamics in 30 cities worldwide"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T5_building_35ebc3982d33", "question": {"delta_files": ["8c68d4b302dcb6ec.pdf", "bf4c85fd50c76189.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/8c68d4b302dcb6ec.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/bf4c85fd50c76189.txt"], "object": "13c4aaf3e728bf7e.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"13c4aaf3e728bf7e.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Real-time Regulation of Detention Ponds via Feedback Control: Balancing Flood Mitigation and Water Quality", "Multi-Unit Floor Plan Recognition and Reconstruction Using Improved Semantic Segmentation of Raster-Wise Floor Plans", "Dynamic models of gentrification", "Recognizing and Reconstructing a Multi-Unit Floor Plan"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T5_building_ecf0112164c6", "question": {"delta_files": ["072947da5ba2b56e.pdf", "d1926f2275652395.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/072947da5ba2b56e.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/d1926f2275652395.txt"], "object": "4375c513dc71ae12.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"4375c513dc71ae12.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Real-time Regulation of Detention Ponds via Feedback Control: Balancing Flood Mitigation and Water Quality", "Rethinking Cross-Layer Information Routing in Diffusion Transformers", "Data-driven building energy efficiency prediction using physics-informed neural networks", "Data-driven building energy efficiency prediction based on envelope heat losses using physics-informed neural networks"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T5_building_25aeff8455ff", "question": {"delta_files": ["d74c0b4470a9beab.pdf", "2725e7a393a573dc.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/d74c0b4470a9beab.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/2725e7a393a573dc.txt"], "object": "c644e66e2a5f5862.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"c644e66e2a5f5862.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Resolution-Independent Neural Operators for Multi-Rate Sparse-View CT", "Segmenting Low-Contrast XCTs of Concrete: An Unsupervised Approach", "Resolution-Agnostic Neural Operators for Multi-Rate Sparse-View CT", "Rethinking Cross-Layer Information Routing in Diffusion Transformers"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T5_building_72248b585f26", "question": {"delta_files": ["9dc5ca0c4a6c92a1.pdf", "abc43ac257a7eaa1.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/9dc5ca0c4a6c92a1.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/abc43ac257a7eaa1.txt"], "object": "0f440e71d1622a47.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"0f440e71d1622a47.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Robot imitation learning often relies on costly robot demonstrations, while abundant action-free visual demonstrations, such as human videos, are difficult to use because they lack robot-executable actions and suffer from embodiment gaps. We propose CORE, a policy learning framework that extracts Common Outcome Regularities (CORE) from visual demonstrations. Rather than transferring explicit actions across embodiments, CORE exploits a key observation: although successful trajectories for the same task can be diverse, their terminal states often share stable object configurations, spatial relations, and contact constraints. CORE first trains a terminal outcome encoder with contrastive and auxiliary temporal objectives, then aggregates successful terminal embeddings into visual goal prototypes, and finally injects these prototypes as global goal conditions into robot policies. Compared with language instructions, visual goal prototypes provide more concrete geometric and physical constraints for task completion. Across Meta-World, RoboTwin 2.0, and real-world manipulation, CORE improves the average success rate of the corresponding policy backbones by up to +3.9, +11.1, and +17.0 percentage points, respectively, and outperforms text-conditioned variants under the evaluated settings. The project and code are available at https://logssim.github.io/CORE.github.io/.", "Robot imitation learning often relies on costly robot demonstrations, while abundant action-free visual demonstrations, such as human videos, are difficult to use because they lack robot-executable actions and suffer from embodiment gaps. We propose CORE, a policy learning framework that extracts Common Outcome Regularities from visual demonstrations. Rather than transferring explicit actions across embodiments, CORE exploits a key observation: although successful trajectories for the same task can be diverse, their terminal states often share stable object configurations, spatial relations, and contact constraints. CORE first trains a terminal outcome encoder with contrastive and auxiliary temporal objectives, then aggregates successful terminal embeddings into visual goal prototypes, and finally injects these prototypes as global goal conditions into robot policies. Compared with language instructions, visual goal prototypes provide more concrete geometric and physical constraints for task completion. Across Meta-World, RoboTwin 2.0, and real-world manipulation, CORE improves the average success rate of the corresponding policy backbones by up to +3.9, +11.1, and +17.0 percentage points, respectively, and outperforms text-conditioned variants under the evaluated settings.", "Asphalt concrete's (AC) durability and maintenance demands are strongly influenced by its fatigue life. Traditional methods for determining this characteristic are both resource-intensive and time-consuming. This study employs artificial neural networks (ANNs) to predict AC fatigue life, focusing on the impact of strain level, binder content, and air-void content. Leveraging a substantial dataset, we tailored our models to effectively handle the wide range of fatigue life data, typically represented on a logarithmic scale. The mean square logarithmic error was utilized as the loss function to enhance prediction accuracy across all levels of fatigue life. Through comparative analysis of various hyperparameters, we developed a machine-learning model that captures the complex relationships within the data. Our findings demonstrate that higher binder content significantly enhances fatigue life, while the influence of air-void content is more variable, depending on binder levels. Most importantly, this study provides insights into the intricacies of using ANNs for modeling, showcasing their potential utility with larger datasets. The codes developed and the data used in this study are provided as open source on a GitHub repository, with a link included in the paper for full access.", "Tangible control interfaces (TCIs), such as appliance panels, remotes, elevators, and embedded GUIs, are a fundamental component of everyday human-built environments. Interacting with these interfaces requires agents not only to ground language in visual observations,but also to execute actions, track temporally evolving state changes, and verify whether intended outcomes have been achieved. However, existing benchmarks predominantly evaluate open-loop perception or single-step action execution, failing to capture this continuous cycle of interaction, feedback, and correction. We introduce SWITCH, a benchmark for closed-loop interactive reasoning with TCIs in realistic egocentric environments1. SWITCH comprises 1,170 temporally interactive videos across diverse functional categories, providing structured annotations of instructions, actions, state transitions, outcomes, and recovery behaviors over time. To probe generative world modeling, SWITCH also evaluates video generation models on interaction-centered tasks using both LLM-as-judge and human evaluation2.Experiments with frontier proprietary and opensource multimodal models reveal persistent weaknesses in fine-grained visual-temporal perception, outcome verification, and error recovery, highlighting SWITCH as a testbed for closed-loop embodied intelligence."], "persona": "building", "qid": "T5_building_c42c09442720", "question": {"delta_files": ["2ead76990d829c2d.pdf", "28620f31019b3240.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/2ead76990d829c2d.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/28620f31019b3240.txt"], "object": "efabe0202306c23c.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"efabe0202306c23c.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Rong Fu; Jiekai Wu; Xiaowen Ma; Shiyin Lin; Kangan Qian; Chuang Liu; Simon James Fong", "Bingxuan Li; Yiming Cui; Yicheng He; Yiwei Wang; Shu Zhang; Longyin Wen; Yulei Niu", "Rong Fu; Jiekai Wu; Haiyun Wei; Xiaowen Ma; Shiyin Lin; Kangan Qian; Chuang Liu; Jianyuan Ni; Simon James Fong", "Vasilis Michalakopoulos; Sotiris Pelekis; Giorgos Kormpakis; Vagelis Karakolis; Spiros Mouzakitis; Dimitris Askounis"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T5_building_ef9986a48c97", "question": {"delta_files": ["8d8b922276345e44.pdf", "e6b76ff1ad0757c9.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/8d8b922276345e44.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/e6b76ff1ad0757c9.txt"], "object": "e1c56ef438a85e87.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the author list of the PDF document \"e1c56ef438a85e87.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Segmenting Low-Contrast XCTs of Concrete: An Unsupervised Approach", "Segmenting Low-Contrast XCTs of Concretes: An Unsupervised Approach", "Resolution-Agnostic Neural Operators for Multi-Rate Sparse-View CT", "Supervised Mixture-of-Experts for Surgical Grasping and Retraction"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T5_building_b18f16f20d6b", "question": {"delta_files": ["64bf2501dd0edc1e.pdf", "414ade3fd784f11f.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/64bf2501dd0edc1e.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/414ade3fd784f11f.txt"], "object": "fee6627f88501f25.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"fee6627f88501f25.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Sparse-view Computed Tomography (CT) reconstructs images from a limited number of X-ray projections to reduce radiation and scanning time, which makes reconstruction an ill-posed inverse problem. Deep learning methods achieve high-fidelity reconstructions but often overfit to a fixed acquisition setup, failing to generalize across sampling rates and image resolutions. For example, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) use the same learned kernels across resolutions, leading to artifacts when data resolution changes. We propose Computed Tomography neural Operator (CTO), a unified CT reconstruction framework that extends to continuous function space, enabling generalization (without retraining) across sampling rates and image resolutions. CTO operates jointly in the sinogram and image domains through rotation-equivariant Discrete-Continuous convolutions parametrized in the function space, making it inherently resolution- and sampling-agnostic. Empirically, CTO enables consistent multi-sampling-rate and cross-resolution performance, with on average >4dB PSNR gain over CNNs. Compared to state-of-the-art diffusion methods, CTO is 500$\\times$ faster in inference time with on average 3dB gain. Empirical results also validate our design choices behind CTO's sinogram-space operator learning and rotation-equivariant convolution. Overall, CTO outperforms state-of-the-art baselines across sampling rates and resolutions, offering a scalable and generalizable solution that makes automated CT reconstruction more practical for deployment.", "Sparse-view Computed Tomography (CT) reconstructs images from a limited number of X-ray projections to reduce radiation and scanning time, which is an ill-posed inverse problem. Existing methods achieve high-fidelity reconstructions but overfit to a fixed acquisition setup, failing to generalize well across sampling rates. For example, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) use the same kernels across resolutions, leading to artifacts when data resolution changes. This is a critical limitation in clinical practice, where acquisition sampling settings vary across organs and diagnostic protocols. We propose Computed Tomography neural Operator (CTO), the first neural operator (NO) framework for CT reconstruction. CTO extends learning from fixed discretized grids to continuous function space, enabling a single model to generalize across measurement sampling rates without retraining. We also propose new NO architectural designs for CT: (i) a dual-domain NO architecture in both sinogram and image spaces, capturing complementary spatial-frequency information, and (ii) rotation-equivariant DIScrete-COntinuous convolutions (DISCO) that exploit the rotational structure inherent in tomographic acquisition. Empirically, CTO outperforms CNNs (> 3.4dB PSNR gain) and other baselines in multi-resolution settings across multiple CT datasets. Compared to state-of-the-art diffusion methods, CTO has 500x faster inference with an average 3dB gain. CTO further demonstrates strong out-of-distribution robustness, maintaining gains under cross-dataset transfer and noisy sinogram conditions. Ablation studies also validate each design choice. CTO establishes neural operators as a principled and practical paradigm for flexible, discretization-agnostic CT reconstruction. Our code is available at https://github.com/neuraloperator/sparse_ct.", "This study introduces intelligent frameworks that use Large Language Models (LLMs) to improve task scheduling for construction robots. The LLM is fed with key data about the desired task, such as agent action abilities, and the desired end goal to be achieved. A well-balanced allocation strategy is developed, optimizing both time efficiency and resource utilization. Our system utilizes a Natural Language Processing interface to streamline communication with construction professionals and adapt in real-time to unexpected site conditions. We concurrently use two LLM agents, specifically generator (GPT-4) and supervisor (Gemma 3/Llama 4/Mistral 7b) LLM agents to provide a more precise task schedule. We evaluate the proposed methodology using a straightforward scenario and provide metric scores to prove the efficacy of the frameworks. Our results highlight that the implementation of LLMs is crucial in construction operational tasks including robots.", "X-Ray Computed Tomography (XCT) is a compelling tool in experimental mechanics, capable of non-destructively extracting information pertaining to the internal morphology of materials. For materials with random heterogeneous morphology such as concrete, such information is of particular relevance since it allows for studies of morphology-related behaviour and for predictive modelling. Nevertheless, XCT images require semantic segmentation for practical usage. Here, concrete poses a unique challenge due to the similar X-ray attenuation coefficients of aggregates and mortar, which result in low contrast between the two phases in the ensuing XCT images. As such, purely intensity-dependent semantic segmentation tools remain unfeasible. While vision transformers (ViTs) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are proven techniques for semantic segmentation in such challenging cases, they typically require labelled training data, which is often unavailable for concrete or resource-intensive to obtain, thereby limiting their relevance. To address this challenge, a self-annotation technique is presented here that leverages superpixel algorithms to identify perceptually similar local regions in an image and relates them to the global context by utilizing the receptive field of a CNN-based model. This enables the model to learn a global-local relationship in the images and facilitates the identification of semantically similar structures. When evaluated against manually annotated ground truth on out-of-distribution data, the proposed methodology consistently outperformed direct greyscale thresholding across all pertinent metrics, demonstrating improved discernibility between aggregates and mortar, and providing the most favourable balance of sensitivity and precision for aggregate-phase identification."], "persona": "building", "qid": "T5_building_0e70a39c81ed", "question": {"delta_files": ["9dc5ca0c4a6c92a1.pdf", "abc43ac257a7eaa1.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/9dc5ca0c4a6c92a1.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/abc43ac257a7eaa1.txt"], "object": "0f440e71d1622a47.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"0f440e71d1622a47.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Tung Hung Bui; Hong Hai Nguyen; Van Thong Huynh", "Xurui Li; Juanjuan Yao", "Ehsan Naghizadeh; Paolo Tiso; Eleni Chatzi", "Hong Hai Nguyen; Van Thong Huynh"], "persona": "building", "qid": "T5_building_e3d4aec6cf99", "question": {"delta_files": ["7ff0513a83c116c8.pdf", "2da400c6a6dd6385.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/7ff0513a83c116c8.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/2da400c6a6dd6385.txt"], "object": "5cf6398e29beed2c.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "Who is listed as the author(s) of the PDF document \"5cf6398e29beed2c.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Understanding how urban systems and traffic dynamics co-evolve is crucial for advancing sustainable and resilient cities. However, their bidirectional causal relationships remain underexplored due to challenges of simultaneously inferring spatial heterogeneity, temporal variation, and feedback mechanisms. To address this gap, we propose a novel spatio-temporal causality framework that bridges correlation and causation by integrating spatio-temporal weighted regression with a newly developed spatio-temporal convergent cross-mapping approach. Characterizing cities through urban structure, form, and function, the framework uncovers bidirectional causal patterns between urban systems and traffic dynamics across 30 cities on six continents. Our findings reveal asymmetric bidirectional causality, with urban systems exerting stronger influences on traffic dynamics than the reverse in most cities. Urban form and function shape mobility more profoundly than structure, even though structure often exhibits higher correlations, as observed in cities such as Singapore, New Delhi, London, Chicago, and Moscow. This does not preclude the reversed causal direction, whereby long-established mobility patterns can also reshape the built environment over time. Finally, we identify three distinct causal archetypes: tightly coupled, pattern-heterogeneous, and workday-attenuated, which map pathways from causal diagnosis to intervention. This typology supports city-to-city learning and lays a foundation for context-sensitive strategies in sustainable urban and transport planning.", "Understanding how urban systems and traffic dynamics co-evolve is crucial for advancing sustainable and resilient cities. However, their bidirectional causal relationships remain underexplored due to challenges of simultaneously inferring spatial heterogeneity, temporal variation, and feedback mechanisms. Here we present a spatio-temporal causality framework that bridges correlation and causation by integrating spatio-temporal weighted regression with spatio-temporal convergent cross-mapping. Characterizing cities through urban structure, form, and function, the framework uncovers bidirectional causal patterns between urban systems and traffic dynamics across 30 cities on six continents. Our findings reveal asymmetric bidirectional causality, with urban systems exerting stronger influences on traffic dynamics than the reverse in most cities. Urban form and function shape mobility more profoundly than structure, even though structure often exhibits higher correlations. This does not preclude the reversed causal direction, whereby long-established mobility patterns can also reshape the built environment over time. Finally, we identify three causal archetypes: tightly coupled, pattern-heterogeneous, and workday-attenuated, which support city-to-city learning and inform context-sensitive strategies in sustainable urban and transport planning.", "Load uncertainty must be accounted for during design to ensure building energy systems can meet energy demands during operation. Reducing building load uncertainty allows for improved designs with less compromise to be identified, reducing the cost of decarbonizing energy usage. However, the building monitoring required to reduce load uncertainty is costly. This study uses Value of Information analysis (VoI) to quantify the economic benefit of practical building monitoring for supporting energy system design decisions, and determine if its benefits outweigh its cost. An extension of the VoI framework, termed 'On-Policy' VoI, is proposed, which admits complex decision making tasks where decision policies are required. This is applied to a case study district energy system design problem, where a Linear Program model is used to size solar-battery systems and grid connection capacity under uncertain building loads, modelled using historic electricity metering data. Load uncertainty is found to significantly impact both system operating costs ($\\pm$30%) and the optimal system design ($\\pm$20%). However, using building monitoring data to improve the design of the district reduces overall costs by less than 1.5% on average. As this is less than the cost of measurement, using monitoring is not economically worthwhile in this case. This provides the first numerical evidence to support the sufficiency of using standard building load profiles for energy system design. Further, reducing only uncertainty in mean load is found to provide most of the available decision support benefit, meaning using hourly measurement data provides little benefit for energy retrofit design.", "Rate-and-state models are widely used physical models for the relation between changes in pore pressure due to fluid injection or gas extraction and the induced seismic hazard in a field. We consider the modification where the pore pressure measurements are affected by noise and provide explicit expressions for the first and second moments of the state variable. We show that when the pressure increases, there is positive correlation. In the case of decreasing pressure, both positive and negative correlation is possible. Using the delta method, approximate first and second moments of the rate variable are derived and compared to empirical moments."], "persona": "building", "qid": "T5_building_4d95ee85adff", "question": {"delta_files": ["b12b102abff2f27e.pdf", "d139b4bfbeaef4ff.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/b12b102abff2f27e.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/d139b4bfbeaef4ff.txt"], "object": "3125182cb5ac6bba.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"3125182cb5ac6bba.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Understanding the spatiotemporal patterns of human mobility is crucial for addressing societal challenges, such as epidemic control and urban transportation optimization. Despite advancements in data collection, the complexity and scale of mobility data continue to pose significant analytical challenges. Existing methods often result in losing location-specific details and fail to fully capture the intricacies of human movement. This study proposes a two-step dimensionality reduction framework to overcome existing limitations. First, we construct a potential landscape of human flow from origin-destination (OD) matrices using combinatorial Hodge theory, preserving essential spatial and structural information while enabling an intuitive visualization of flow patterns. Second, we apply principal component analysis (PCA) to the potential landscape, systematically identifying major spatiotemporal patterns. By implementing this two-step reduction method, we reveal significant shifts during a pandemic, characterized by an overall declines in mobility and stark contrasts between weekdays and holidays. These findings underscore the effectiveness of our framework in uncovering complex mobility patterns and provide valuable insights into urban planning and public health interventions.", "Generating controllable and interactive indoor scenes is fundamental to applications in game development, architectural visualization, and embodied AI training. Yet existing approaches either handle a narrow range of input modalities or rely on stochastic processes that hinder controllability. To overcome these limitations, we introduce RoomPilot, a unified framework that parses diverse multi-modal inputs--textual descriptions or CAD floor plans--into an Indoor Domain-Specific Language (IDSL) for indoor structured scene generation. The key insight is that a well-designed IDSL can act as a shared semantic representation, enabling coherent, high-quality scene synthesis from any single modality while maintaining interaction semantics. In contrast to conventional procedural methods that produce visually plausible but functionally inert layouts, RoomPilot leverages a curated dataset of interaction-annotated assets to synthesize environments exhibiting realistic object behaviors. Extensive experiments further validate its strong multi-modal understanding, fine-grained controllability in scene generation, and superior physical consistency and visual fidelity, marking a significant step toward general-purpose controllable 3D indoor scene generation.", "Generating controllable indoor scenes is fundamental to applications in game development, architectural visualization, and embodied AI. However, existing approaches either support a limited input modalities or rely on implicit generation processes that hinder precise control over scene structure and semantics. To address these limitations, we introduce RoomPilot, a unified framework for controllable indoor scene synthesis from multi-modal inputs, including textual descriptions and CAD floor plans. RoomPilot maps heterogeneous inputs into an Indoor Domain-Specific Language (IDSL), which serves as a structured and interpretable semantic representation for describing indoor scenes. Built upon IDSL, RoomPilot presents a hierarchical synthesis pipeline that progressively organizes scenes at the building, room, and object levels, promoting structural coherence and functional consistency across multi-room layouts. Moreover, RoomPilot constructs a curated asset dataset with rich semantic annotations to support high-quality scene synthesis, improving visual realism and appearance consistency. Extensive experiments demonstrate effective multi-modal understanding, fine-grained controllability in scene generation, and improved physical consistency and visual fidelity, marking a significant step toward controllable 3D indoor scene synthesis. Code and model will be available.", "This study introduces intelligent frameworks that use Large Language Models (LLMs) to improve task scheduling for construction robots. The LLM is fed with key data about the desired task, such as agent action abilities, and the desired end goal to be achieved. A well-balanced allocation strategy is developed, optimizing both time efficiency and resource utilization. Our system utilizes a Natural Language Processing interface to streamline communication with construction professionals and adapt in real-time to unexpected site conditions. We concurrently use two LLM agents, specifically generator (GPT-4) and supervisor (Gemma 3/Llama 4/Mistral 7b) LLM agents to provide a more precise task schedule. We evaluate the proposed methodology using a straightforward scenario and provide metric scores to prove the efficacy of the frameworks. Our results highlight that the implementation of LLMs is crucial in construction operational tasks including robots."], "persona": "building", "qid": "T5_building_623c7c2e39b2", "question": {"delta_files": ["855c738a3f40b67a.pdf", "7a92fe25d2867733.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/building/deltas/855c738a3f40b67a.pdf", "corpus/building/deltas/7a92fe25d2867733.txt"], "object": "f25a9dbddb3bc45a.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"f25a9dbddb3bc45a.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
diff --git a/release/questions/T5/education.jsonl b/release/questions/T5/education.jsonl
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+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["A Participatory Strategy for AI Ethics in Education and Rehabilitation grounded in the Capability Approach", "Fundamental Mechanisms of Human Learning: Implications for Research and Practice in Education", "Fundamental Mechanisms of Human Learning", "Global Automation Atlas"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T5_education_61f5cf515282", "question": {"delta_files": ["4ae5fc94b792a33e.pdf", "6887eff768e7bbaf.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/4ae5fc94b792a33e.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/6887eff768e7bbaf.txt"], "object": "4ae5fc94b792a33e.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"4ae5fc94b792a33e.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Automated Essay Scoring (AES) has emerged to prominence in response to the growing demand for educational automation. Providing an objective and cost-effective solution, AES standardises the assessment of extended responses. Although substantial research has been conducted in this domain, recent investigations reveal that alternative deep-learning architectures outperform transformer-based models. Despite the successful dominance in the performance of the transformer architectures across various other tasks, this discrepancy has prompted a need to enrich transformer-based AES models through contextual enrichment. This study delves into diverse contextual factors using the ASAP-AES dataset, analysing their impact on transformer-based model performance. Our most effective model, augmented with multiple contextual dimensions, achieves a mean Quadratic Weighted Kappa score of 0.823 across the entire essay dataset and 0.8697 when trained on individual essay sets. Evidently surpassing prior transformer-based models, this augmented approach only underperforms relative to the state-of-the-art deep learning model trained essay-set-wise by an average of 3.83\\% while exhibiting superior performance in three of the eight sets. Importantly, this enhancement is orthogonal to architecture-based advancements and seamlessly adaptable to any AES model. Consequently, this contextual augmentation methodology presents a versatile technique for refining AES capabilities, contributing to automated grading and evaluation evolution in educational settings.", "Artificial students -- models that simulate how learners act and respond within educational systems -- are a promising tool for evaluating tutoring strategies and feedback mechanisms at scale. However, most existing approaches rely on prompting large, proprietary language models, limiting adaptability to specific courses and raising concerns around privacy, cost, and dependence. In this work, we propose a framework for training open-weight artificial programming learners directly from authentic student process data. Our approach serializes temporal log traces into a conversational format, representing each student's problem-solving process as a dialogue between the learner and their automated assessment system. Student code submissions and environment feedback, such as test outcomes, grades, and error traces, form alternating conversational turns, enabling models to learn from the iterative debugging process. We additionally introduce a training pipeline combining supervised fine-tuning with preference optimization to align models with authentic student debugging behavior. We evaluate our framework by training Qwen models at 4B and 8B scales on a large-scale dataset of real student submissions to Python programming assignments. Our results show that incorporating environment feedback strengthens models' ability to replicate student debugging behavior, improving over both prior code-only approaches and prompted large language models baselines in functional alignment and code similarity. We release our code to support reproducibility.", "Artificial models that simulate how learners act and respond within educational systems are a promising tool for evaluating tutoring strategies and feedback mechanisms at scale. However, many existing approaches in programming education rely on prompting large, proprietary language models, raising concerns around privacy, cost, and dependence. In this work, we propose a method for training open-weight artificial programming learners using authentic student process data. Our approach serializes temporal log traces into a conversational format, representing each student's problem-solving process as a dialogue between the learner and their automated assessment system. Student code submissions and environment feedback, such as test outcomes, grades, and error traces, form alternating conversational turns, enabling models to learn from the iterative debugging process. We additionally introduce a training pipeline combining supervised fine-tuning with preference optimization to align models with authentic student debugging behavior. We evaluate our framework by training Qwen models at 4B and 8B scales on a large-scale dataset of real student submissions to Python programming assignments. Our results show that incorporating environment feedback strengthens the models' ability to replicate student debugging behavior, improving over both prior code-only approaches and prompted large language models baselines in functional alignment and code similarity. We release our code to support reproducibility.", "Objectives: When students use generative AI in coursework, what are its persistent effects on their intellectual development? We investigate (RQ1-How) how students' trust in and routine use of genAI affect their cognitive engagement habits in STEM coursework, and (RQ2-Who) which students are particularly vulnerable to cognitive disengagement. Method: Drawing on dual-process, cognitive offloading, and automation bias theories, we developed a statistical model explaining how and to what extent students' trust-driven routine genAI use affected their cognitive engagement -- specifically, reflection, the need for understanding, and critical thinking in coursework, and how these effects differed across students' cognitive styles. We empirically evaluated this model using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling on survey data from 299 STEM students across five North American universities. Results: Students who trusted and routinely used genAI reported significantly lower cognitive engagement. Unexpectedly, students with higher technophilic motivations, risk tolerance, and computer self-efficacy -- traits often celebrated in STEM -- were more prone to these effects. Interestingly, students' prior experience with genAI or academia did not protect them from cognitively disengaging. Implications: Our findings suggest a potential cognitive debt cycle where routine genAI use weakens students' intellectual habits, potentially driving and escalating over-reliance. This poses challenges for curricula and genAI system design, requiring interventions that actively support cognitive engagement."], "persona": "education", "qid": "T5_education_716507f2baca", "question": {"delta_files": ["8854c4d54ed37f1c.pdf", "2b8f084e578dd34a.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/8854c4d54ed37f1c.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/2b8f084e578dd34a.txt"], "object": "95f4333cd46ace10.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"95f4333cd46ace10.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Automation can displace or complement labour, but this need not be constant across economies. Existing exposure measures typically assign fixed scores to tasks or occupations and capture cross-country variation through employment structure. Here we show that feasible automation depends jointly on task content and country-level conditions. We use a large language model to classify 18,797 work tasks in 124 economies by exposure, labour margin, technology channel and artificial-intelligence materiality. Construct-matched components of the measure correlate strongly with established exposure indices, observed work-related ChatGPT use, AI preparedness and firm-reported adoption. The exposed share of tasks ranges from 3.3% to 61.6%, rises with income yet remains heterogeneous within income groups. Lower-income economies are more concentrated in rule-based and labour-substituting forms of automation, whereas physical execution, planning and inference channels, together with labour-augmenting uses of artificial intelligence, become more prominent with development. Country conditioning changes occupation exposure rankings, especially in lower-income economies. Combined with employment data, we find that women are disproportionately employed in occupations with substitution-facing exposure. Machine-learning hypothesis generation identifies digital records, capital equipment, local judgement, trust-based markets and data integration as conditions associated with exposure differences.", "Collaboration is a cornerstone of 21st-century learning, yet teachers continue to face challenges in supporting productive peer interaction. Emerging generative AI tools offer new possibilities for scaffolding collaboration, but their role in mediating in-person group work remains underexplored, especially from the perspective of educators. This paper presents findings from an exploratory qualitative study with 33 K12 teachers who interacted with Phoenix, a voice-based conversational agent designed to function as a near-peer in face-to-face group collaboration. Drawing on playtesting sessions, surveys, and focus groups, we examine how teachers perceived the agent's behavior, its influence on group dynamics, and its classroom potential. While many appreciated Phoenix's capacity to stimulate engagement, they also expressed concerns around autonomy, trust, anthropomorphism, and pedagogical alignment. We contribute empirical insights into teachers' mental models of AI, reveal core design tensions, and outline considerations for group-facing AI agents that support meaningful, collaborative learning.", "Emotion education is critical for children aged 3 to 6. However, existing technologies largely focus on children's direct interaction with AI, overlooking the central role of parents in guiding early emotional development at home. To address this gap, we conducted co-design sessions with five kindergarten teachers and five parents to identify key parental challenges and opportunities for AI support in family emotion education. Based on these insights, we developed PACEE, an LLM-based assistant designed to support parents in guiding children's emotional development through conversations, rather than directly interacting with children. PACEE provides parent-centered AI scaffolding that supports parents in real-time conversation through personalized guidance, post-hoc reflection through trackable feedback, and understanding children's emotional states through modeling. We evaluated PACEE with 16 families. Results show that PACEE enhances parent-child engagement, fosters deeper emotional communication, and improves parents' expertise and overall experience in guiding their children. Our findings extend emotion coaching practices to the context of generative AI and offer design insights for building AI systems that support parent-centered family education.", "Emotion education is a crucial lesson for children aged 3 to 6. However, existing technologies primarily focus on promoting emotion education from the child's perspective, often neglecting the central role of parents in guiding early childhood emotion development at home. In this work, we conducted co-design sessions with five experienced kindergarten teachers and five parents to identify parental challenges and the roles that AI can play in family emotion education. Guided by these insights, we developed PACEE, an assistant for supporting parent-AI collaborative emotion education. PACEE enables parents to engage in conversations about common emotional scenarios, with multiple forms of AI support to address parents' challenges. It combines insights from parents and AI to model children's emotional states and delivers personalized, parent-mediated guidance. In a user study involving 16 families, we found that PACEE significantly enhances parent-child engagement, encourages more in-depth emotional communication, and improves the parental experience. Our findings advance emotion coaching guidelines for family education in the era of generative AI, offering valuable insights for designing AI-supported, parent-centered family education systems."], "persona": "education", "qid": "T5_education_894e01787925", "question": {"delta_files": ["b8781b02fc3b27ba.pdf", "beb1c8828f676fa5.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/b8781b02fc3b27ba.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/beb1c8828f676fa5.txt"], "object": "bb57ab52dc4f394f.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"bb57ab52dc4f394f.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Automation can displace or complement labour, but this need not be constant across economies. Existing exposure measures typically assign fixed scores to tasks or occupations and capture cross-country variation through employment structure. Here we show that feasible automation depends jointly on task content and country-level conditions. We use a large language model to classify 18,797 work tasks in 124 economies by exposure, labour margin, technology channel and artificial-intelligence materiality. Construct-matched components of the measure correlate strongly with established exposure indices, observed work-related ChatGPT use, AI preparedness and firm-reported adoption. The exposed share of tasks ranges from 3.3% to 61.6%, rises with income yet remains heterogeneous within income groups. Lower-income economies are more concentrated in rule-based and labour-substituting forms of automation, whereas physical execution, planning and inference channels, together with labour-augmenting uses of artificial intelligence, become more prominent with development. Country conditioning changes occupation exposure rankings, especially in lower-income economies. Combined with employment data, we find that women are disproportionately employed in occupations with substitution-facing exposure. Machine-learning hypothesis generation identifies digital records, capital equipment, local judgement, trust-based markets and data integration as conditions associated with exposure differences.", "High dropout rates in engineering programmes are conventionally attributed to student deficits: lack of academic preparation or motivation. However, this view neglects the causal role of \"normative friction\": the complex system of administrative rules, exam validity windows, and prerequisite chains that constrain student progression. This paper introduces \"The Regularity Trap,\" a phenomenon where rigid assessment timelines decouple learning from accreditation. We operationalize the CAPIRE framework into a calibrated Agent-Based Model (ABM) simulating 1,343 student trajectories across a 42-course Civil Engineering curriculum. The model integrates empirical course parameters and thirteen psycho-academic archetypes derived from a 15-year longitudinal dataset. By formalizing the \"Regularity Regime\" as a decaying validity function, we isolate the effect of administrative time limits on attrition. Results reveal that 86.4% of observed dropouts are driven by normative mechanisms (expiry cascades) rather than purely academic failure (5.3%). While the overall dropout rate stabilized at 32.4%, vulnerability was highly heterogeneous: archetypes with myopic planning horizons faced attrition rates up to 49.0%, compared to 13.2% for strategic agents, despite comparable academic ability. These findings challenge the neutrality of administrative structures, suggesting that rigid validity windows act as an invisible filter that disproportionately penalizes students with lower self-regulatory capital.", "Understanding learning as a dynamic process is challenging due to the interaction of multiple factors, including cognitive load, internal state change, and subjective evaluation. Existing approaches often address these elements in isolation, limiting the ability to describe learning phenomena within a unified and structurally explicit framework. This paper proposes a multi-layer formal descriptive framework for learning dynamics. Rather than offering a predictive or prescriptive model, the framework introduces a symbolic language composed of state variables, mappings, and layer-specific responsibilities, enabling consistent description of learning processes without commitment to specific functional forms or optimization objectives. This descriptive framework is intended to serve as a structural substrate for analyzing learning processes in human learners, and by extension, in adaptive and Al-assisted learning systems. A central design principle is the explicit separation of descriptive responsibilities across layers, distinguishing load generation, internal understanding transformation, observation, and evaluation. Within this structure, cognitive load is treated as a relational quantity arising from interactions between external input and internal organization, while subjective evaluation is modeled as a minimal regulatory interface responding to learning dynamics and environmental conditions. By emphasizing descriptive clarity and extensibility, the framework provides a common language for organizing existing theories and supporting future empirical and theoretical work.", "Automation affects the labour content of work differently across different contexts. Yet, most existing exposure measures assign fixed scores to tasks or occupations, limiting comparisons of automation exposure across countries. We develop a task-based and country-specific approach to classify automation exposure across the world to disentangle labor-substituting from labor-augmenting automation, the relevant technology channel, and the material role of AI. Our measure spans 124 countries, generating an atlas of 2.33 million task-country labels for economies covering 99% of world population and GDP. We present five descriptive results. First, exposure is highly uneven, ranging from 3.3% of tasks in South Sudan to 61.6% in China, and rises strongly with income, although substantial variation remains within income groups. Second, across countries, exposed tasks are skewed towards substitution rather than augmentation, but low-income countries are disproportionately exposed to substitution, whereas middle-income countries are more heterogeneous. Third, less technologically advanced forms of automation account for more than half of exposed tasks in low-income countries but about one quarter in high-income countries; while other more complex channels generally rise with income levels. Fourth, AI tends to be less prevalent in simpler channels of automation, but also more prevalent in labour-substituting margins in lower income settings and to augment labour in higher income settings. Fifth, we find that females seem to be disproportionately more exposed to labour-substituting automation than males. Our methodology provides a basis for comparing automation exposure across development stages, linking it with cross-country data and allowing us to treat exposure levels, labour margins, technological channels and AI involvement as separate dimensions."], "persona": "education", "qid": "T5_education_69c1f1aee3e6", "question": {"delta_files": ["9af2af83ac0b3c00.pdf", "8e8ed55b1d4fc17f.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/9af2af83ac0b3c00.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/8e8ed55b1d4fc17f.txt"], "object": "dc641467852c0d92.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"dc641467852c0d92.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Automation can displace or complement labour, but this need not be constant across economies. Existing exposure measures typically assign fixed scores to tasks or occupations and capture cross-country variation through employment structure. Here we show that feasible automation depends jointly on task content and country-level conditions. We use a large language model to classify 18,797 work tasks in 124 economies by exposure, labour margin, technology channel and artificial-intelligence materiality. Construct-matched components of the measure correlate strongly with established exposure indices, observed work-related ChatGPT use, AI preparedness and firm-reported adoption. The exposed share of tasks ranges from 3.3% to 61.6%, rises with income yet remains heterogeneous within income groups. Lower-income economies are more concentrated in rule-based and labour-substituting forms of automation, whereas physical execution, planning and inference channels, together with labour-augmenting uses of artificial intelligence, become more prominent with development. Country conditioning changes occupation exposure rankings, especially in lower-income economies. Combined with employment data, we find that women are disproportionately employed in occupations with substitution-facing exposure. Machine-learning hypothesis generation identifies digital records, capital equipment, local judgement, trust-based markets and data integration as conditions associated with exposure differences.", "Medical education faces challenges in scalability, accessibility, and consistency, particularly in clinical skills training for physician-patient communication. Traditional simulation-based learning, while effective, is resource-intensive, difficult to schedule, and often highly variable in feedback quality. Through a collaboration between AI, learning science, and medical education experts, we co-developed MedSimAI, an AI-powered simulation platform that enables deliberate practice, self-regulated learning (SRL), and automated assessment through interactive patient encounters. Leveraging large language models (LLMs), MedSimAI generates realistic clinical interactions and provides immediate, structured feedback using established medical evaluation frameworks such as the Master Interview Rating Scale (MIRS). In a pilot study with 104 first-year medical students, we examined engagement, conversation patterns, and user perceptions. Students found MedSimAI beneficial for repeated, realistic patient-history practice. Conversation analysis revealed that certain higher-order skills were often overlooked, though students generally performed systematic histories and empathic listening. By integrating unlimited practice opportunities, real-time AI assessment, and SRL principles, MedSimAI addresses key limitations of traditional simulation-based training, making high-quality clinical education more accessible and scalable.", "Medical education faces challenges in providing scalable, consistent clinical skills training. Simulation with standardized patients (SPs) develops communication and diagnostic skills but remains resource-intensive and variable in feedback quality. Existing AI-based tools show promise yet often lack comprehensive assessment frameworks, evidence of clinical impact, and integration of self-regulated learning (SRL) principles. Through a multi-phase co-design process with medical education experts, we developed MedSimAI, an AI-powered simulation platform that enables deliberate practice through interactive patient encounters with immediate, structured feedback. Leveraging large language models, MedSimAI generates realistic clinical interactions and provides automated assessments aligned with validated evaluation frameworks. In a multi-institutional deployment (410 students; 1,024 encounters across three medical schools), 59.5 percent engaged in repeated practice. At one site, mean Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) history-taking scores rose from 82.8 to 88.8 (p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.75), while a second site's pilot showed no significant change. Automated scoring achieved 87 percent accuracy in identifying proficiency thresholds on the Master Interview Rating Scale (MIRS). Mixed-effects analyses revealed institution and case effects. Thematic analysis of 840 learner reflections highlighted challenges in missed items, organization, review of systems, and empathy. These findings position MedSimAI as a scalable formative platform for history-taking and communication, motivating staged curriculum integration and realism enhancements for advanced learners.", "The collapse of social contexts has been amplified by digital infrastructures but surprisingly received insufficient attention from Web privacy scholars. Users are persistently identified within and across distinct web contexts, in varying degrees, through and by different websites and trackers, losing the ability to maintain a fragmented identity. To systematically evaluate this structural privacy harm we operationalize the theory of Privacy as Contextual Integrity and measure persistent user identification within and between distinct Web contexts. We crawl the top-700 popular websites across the contexts of health, finance, news & media, LGBTQ, eCommerce, adult, and education websites, for 27 days, to learn how persistent browser identification via third-party cookies and JavaScript fingerprinting is diffused within and between web contexts. Past work measured Web tracking in bulk, highlighting the volume of trackers and tracking techniques. These measurements miss a crucial privacy implication of Web tracking - the collapse of online contexts. Our findings reveal how persistent browser identification varies between and within contexts, diffusing user IDs to different distances, contrasting known tracking distributions across websites, and conducted as a joint or separate effort via cookie IDs and JS fingerprinting. Our network analysis can inform the construction of browser storage containers to protect users against real-time context collapse. This is a first modest step in measuring Web privacy as contextual integrity, opening new avenues for contextual Web privacy research."], "persona": "education", "qid": "T5_education_d78d1b1b58c6", "question": {"delta_files": ["d63d2ad7348e3986.pdf", "374ceea6790c2f05.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/d63d2ad7348e3986.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/374ceea6790c2f05.txt"], "object": "00da31f7e987bb90.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"00da31f7e987bb90.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Charles Koutcheme; Juho Leinonen; Arto Hellas", "Charles Koutcheme; Arto Hellas; Juho Leinonen", "Jerson Francia; Derek Hansen; Benjamin Schooley; Matthew Taylor; Shydra Valynn Murray; Rebekah Cornelius; Greg Snow", "Giorgia Adorni"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T5_education_17ff33e9b9c3", "question": {"delta_files": ["8854c4d54ed37f1c.pdf", "2b8f084e578dd34a.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/8854c4d54ed37f1c.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/2b8f084e578dd34a.txt"], "object": "95f4333cd46ace10.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "Who is the author list of the PDF document \"95f4333cd46ace10.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Collaborative problem solving (CPS) is essential in mathematics education, fostering deeper learning through the exchange of ideas. Yet, classrooms often lack the resources, time, and peer dynamics needed to sustain productive CPS. Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a promising avenue to enhance CPS in mathematical education. We designed and developed MathVC, a multi-persona LLM simulated virtual classroom platform to facilitate CPS in mathematics. MathVC combines a meta planning controller that monitors CPS stages-sense-making, team organization, planning, execution, validation, and predicts the next speaker, with a persona simulation stack that encodes mathematical thinking via a task schema and error-injected persona schemas seeded from teacher-specified misconceptions. We evaluated MathVC with 14 U.S. middle schoolers. Students reported constructive interaction and reaching shared solutions, describing gains in engagement, motivation, and confidence through diverse perspectives, immediate scaffolding, and human-like fallibility. Our findings also provide insights into simulating peers via LLM-based technologies for collaboration to support learning.", "Mathematical modeling (MM) is considered a fundamental skill for students in STEM disciplines. Practicing the MM skill is often the most effective when students can engage in group discussion and collaborative problem-solving. However, due to unevenly distributed teachers and educational resources needed to monitor such group activities, students do not always receive equal opportunities for this practice. Excitingly, large language models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated strong capability in both modeling mathematical problems and simulating characters with different traits and properties. Drawing inspiration from the advancement of LLMs, in this work, we present MATHVC, the very first LLM-powered virtual classroom containing multiple LLM-simulated student characters, with whom a human student can practice their MM skill. To encourage each LLM character's behaviors to be aligned with their specified math-relevant properties (termed \"characteristics alignment\") and the overall conversational procedure to be close to an authentic student MM discussion (termed \"conversational procedural alignment\"), we proposed three innovations: integrating MM domain knowledge into the simulation, defining a symbolic schema as the ground for character simulation, and designing a meta planner at the platform level to drive the conversational procedure. Through experiments and ablation studies, we confirmed the effectiveness of our simulation approach and showed the promise for MATHVC to benefit real-life students in the future.", "Affective polarization and increasing social divisions affect social mixing and the spread of information across online and physical spaces, reinforcing social and electoral cleavages and influencing political outcomes. Here, using individual survey data and aggregated and de-identified co-location and online network data, we investigate the relationship between partisan exposure and vote choice in the US by comparing offline and online dimensions of partisan exposure. By leveraging various statistical modeling approaches, we consistently find that partisan exposure in the physical space, as captured by co-location patterns, more accurately predicts electoral outcomes in US counties, outperforming online and residential exposures. Similarly, offline ties at the individual level better predict vote choice compared to online connections. We also estimate county-level experienced partisan segregation and examine its relationship with individuals' demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Focusing on metropolitan areas, our results confirm the presence of extensive partisan segregation in the US and show that offline partisan isolation, both considering physical encounters or residential sorting, is higher than online segregation and is primarily associated with educational attainment. Our findings emphasize the importance of physical space in understanding the relationship between social networks and political behavior, in contrast to the intense scrutiny focused on online social networks and elections.", "Emotion education is critical for children aged 3 to 6. However, existing technologies largely focus on children's direct interaction with AI, overlooking the central role of parents in guiding early emotional development at home. To address this gap, we conducted co-design sessions with five kindergarten teachers and five parents to identify key parental challenges and opportunities for AI support in family emotion education. Based on these insights, we developed PACEE, an LLM-based assistant designed to support parents in guiding children's emotional development through conversations, rather than directly interacting with children. PACEE provides parent-centered AI scaffolding that supports parents in real-time conversation through personalized guidance, post-hoc reflection through trackable feedback, and understanding children's emotional states through modeling. We evaluated PACEE with 16 families. Results show that PACEE enhances parent-child engagement, fosters deeper emotional communication, and improves parents' expertise and overall experience in guiding their children. Our findings extend emotion coaching practices to the context of generative AI and offer design insights for building AI systems that support parent-centered family education."], "persona": "education", "qid": "T5_education_131217ad786c", "question": {"delta_files": ["4815fc3675a05b4b.pdf", "0aa34e86467c25df.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/4815fc3675a05b4b.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/0aa34e86467c25df.txt"], "object": "3bd747997c6776c4.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"3bd747997c6776c4.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Dennis Krämer; Anja Bosold; Martin Minarik; Cleo Schyvinck; Andre Hajek", "Valeria Cesaroni; Eleonora Pasqua; Piercosma Bisconti; Martina Galletti", "Qinyi Liu; Lin Li; Valdemar Švábenský; Conrad Borchers; Mohammad Khalil", "Dennis Kraemer; Anja Bosold; Martin Minarik; Cleo Schyvinck; Andre Hajek"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T5_education_08a079df8d73", "question": {"delta_files": ["a3ae9e64e8ff8c3d.pdf", "a71986260ec905b7.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/a3ae9e64e8ff8c3d.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/a71986260ec905b7.txt"], "object": "42c5fe4debbc349c.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "Who is the author list of the PDF document \"42c5fe4debbc349c.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Effect of Appearance and Animation Realism on the Perception of Emotionally Expressive Virtual Humans", "Bridging LMS and Generative AI: Dynamic Course Content Integration (DCCI) for Connecting LLMs to Course Content -- The Ask ME Assistant", "Artificial Intelligence in Sports: Insights from a Quantitative Survey among Sports Students in Germany about their Perceptions, Expectations, and Concerns regarding the Use of AI Tools", "Bridging LMS and generative AI: dynamic course content integration (DCCI) for enhancing student satisfaction and engagement via the ask ME assistant"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T5_education_00be7258d502", "question": {"delta_files": ["e66720898f395955.pdf", "ec38bdba2c82be73.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/e66720898f395955.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/ec38bdba2c82be73.txt"], "object": "deca49881cd78b42.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"deca49881cd78b42.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Emotion education is critical for children aged 3 to 6. However, existing technologies largely focus on children's direct interaction with AI, overlooking the central role of parents in guiding early emotional development at home. To address this gap, we conducted co-design sessions with five kindergarten teachers and five parents to identify key parental challenges and opportunities for AI support in family emotion education. Based on these insights, we developed PACEE, an LLM-based assistant designed to support parents in guiding children's emotional development through conversations, rather than directly interacting with children. PACEE provides parent-centered AI scaffolding that supports parents in real-time conversation through personalized guidance, post-hoc reflection through trackable feedback, and understanding children's emotional states through modeling. We evaluated PACEE with 16 families. Results show that PACEE enhances parent-child engagement, fosters deeper emotional communication, and improves parents' expertise and overall experience in guiding their children. Our findings extend emotion coaching practices to the context of generative AI and offer design insights for building AI systems that support parent-centered family education.", "LLMs increasingly excel on AI benchmarks, but doing so does not guarantee validity for downstream tasks. This study evaluates the performance of leading foundation models (FMs, i.e., generative pre-trained base LLMs) with out-of-distribution (OOD) tasks of the teaching and learning of schoolchildren. Across all FMs, inter-model behaviors on disparate tasks correlate higher than they do with expert human behaviors on target tasks. These biases shared across LLMs are poorly aligned with downstream measures of teaching quality and often \\textit{negatively aligned with learning outcomes}. Further, we find multi-model ensembles, both unanimous model voting and expert-weighting by benchmark performance, further exacerbate misalignment with learning. We measure that 50\\% of the variation in misalignment error is shared across foundation models, suggesting that common pretraining accounts for much of the misalignment in these tasks. We demonstrate methods for robustly measuring alignment of complex tasks and provide unique insights into both educational applications of foundation models and to understanding limitations of models.", "LLMs increasingly excel on AI benchmarks, but doing so does not guarantee validity for downstream tasks. This study contrasts LLM alignment on benchmarks, downstream tasks, and, importantly the intended impact of those tasks. We evaluate the performance of leading LLMs (i.e., generative pre-trained base models) on difficult-to-verify tasks of the teaching and learning of schoolchildren. Across all LLMs, inter-model behaviors on disparate tasks correlate higher than they do with expert human behaviors on target tasks. These biases shared across LLMs are poorly aligned with downstream measures of teaching quality and often negatively aligned with the intended impact of student learning outcomes. Further, we find multi-model ensembles, both unanimous model voting and expert-weighting by benchmark performance, further exacerbate misalignment with learning. We measure that selection of LLM and/or prompting strategy only reliably accounts for $15\\%$ of all measured misalignment error and that variation in misalignment error is shared across LLMs, suggesting that common pretraining accounts for much of the misalignment in these tasks. We demonstrate methods for robustly measuring alignment of complex tasks and provide unique insights into practical applications of LLMs in high-noise contexts.", "Objective: As AI becomes increasingly central to healthcare, there is a pressing need for bioinformatics and biomedical training systems that are personalized and adaptable. Materials and Methods: The NIH Bridge2AI Training, Recruitment, and Mentoring (TRM) Working Group developed a cross-disciplinary curriculum grounded in collaborative innovation, ethical data stewardship, and professional development within an adapted Learning Health System (LHS) framework. Results: The curriculum integrates foundational AI modules, real-world projects, and a structured mentee-mentor network spanning Bridge2AI Grand Challenges and the Bridge Center. Guided by six learner personas, the program tailors educational pathways to individual needs while supporting scalability. Discussion: Iterative refinement driven by continuous feedback ensures that content remains responsive to learner progress and emerging trends. Conclusion: With over 30 scholars and 100 mentors engaged across North America, the TRM model demonstrates how adaptive, persona-informed training can build interdisciplinary competencies and foster an integrative, ethically grounded AI education in biomedical contexts."], "persona": "education", "qid": "T5_education_382f72019867", "question": {"delta_files": ["b42910926555f069.pdf", "1e1797a39bc066db.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/b42910926555f069.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/1e1797a39bc066db.txt"], "object": "28ed8b2ffa199e16.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"28ed8b2ffa199e16.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) with Learning Management Systems (LMSs) can enhance task automation and accessibility in education. However, hallucination where LLMs generate inaccurate or misleading information remains a challenge. This study introduces the Dynamic Course Content Integration (DCCI) mechanism, which dynamically retrieves course content from Canvas LMS and structures it within an LLM's context window via prompt engineering, enabling the LLM-powered assistant, Ask ME, to deliver context-aware, curriculum-aligned responses while mitigating hallucinations. A mixed-methods pilot study grounded in Self-Determination Theory (autonomy, competence) and the Technology Acceptance Model (perceived usefulness, ease of use) evaluated DCCI's effectiveness with 120 first-year programming students at Eötvös Loránd University. The course focused on foundational programming patterns in C#, including writing program specifications. We analyzed 14,746 logged interactions and a post-course survey completed by 101 students. User satisfaction was measured via a 5-point Likert scale (turn-level ratings), while the survey assessed usability, engagement, and ethical concerns. Results indicated high satisfaction (mean 4.65/5) and strong recognition of Ask ME's ability to provide timely, contextually relevant answers to administrative and course-related queries. 78.06% agreed that Ask ME's Canvas integration reduced platform switching, improving usability, engagement, comprehension, and topic exploration. Many students reported reduced hesitation to ask questions and increased motivation for self-directed learning, though concerns about over-reliance on AI and reduced student-teacher interaction emerged. This study demonstrates that DCCI enhances LLM reliability, student satisfaction, and engagement in AI-driven educational automation, while highlighting the importance of balancing", "Automation affects the labour content of work differently across different contexts. Yet, most existing exposure measures assign fixed scores to tasks or occupations, limiting comparisons of automation exposure across countries. We develop a task-based and country-specific approach to classify automation exposure across the world to disentangle labor-substituting from labor-augmenting automation, the relevant technology channel, and the material role of AI. Our measure spans 124 countries, generating an atlas of 2.33 million task-country labels for economies covering 99% of world population and GDP. We present five descriptive results. First, exposure is highly uneven, ranging from 3.3% of tasks in South Sudan to 61.6% in China, and rises strongly with income, although substantial variation remains within income groups. Second, across countries, exposed tasks are skewed towards substitution rather than augmentation, but low-income countries are disproportionately exposed to substitution, whereas middle-income countries are more heterogeneous. Third, less technologically advanced forms of automation account for more than half of exposed tasks in low-income countries but about one quarter in high-income countries; while other more complex channels generally rise with income levels. Fourth, AI tends to be less prevalent in simpler channels of automation, but also more prevalent in labour-substituting margins in lower income settings and to augment labour in higher income settings. Fifth, we find that females seem to be disproportionately more exposed to labour-substituting automation than males. Our methodology provides a basis for comparing automation exposure across development stages, linking it with cross-country data and allowing us to treat exposure levels, labour margins, technological channels and AI involvement as separate dimensions.", "The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) with Learning Management Systems (LMSs) has the potential to enhance task automation and accessibility in education. However, hallucination where LLMs generate inaccurate or misleading information remains a significant challenge. This study introduces the Dynamic Course Content Integration (DCCI) mechanism, which dynamically retrieves and integrates course content and curriculum from Canvas LMS into the LLM-powered assistant, Ask ME. By employing prompt engineering to structure retrieved content within the LLM's context window, DCCI ensures accuracy, relevance, and contextual alignment, mitigating hallucination. To evaluate DCCI's effectiveness, Ask ME's usability, and broader student perceptions of AI in education, a mixed-methods approach was employed, incorporating user satisfaction ratings and a structured survey. Results from a pilot study indicate high user satisfaction (4.614/5), with students recognizing Ask ME's ability to provide timely and contextually relevant responses for both administrative and course-related inquiries. Additionally, a majority of students agreed that Ask ME's integration with course content in Canvas LMS reduced platform-switching, improving usability, engagement, and comprehension. AI's role in reducing classroom hesitation and fostering self-directed learning and intellectual curiosity was also highlighted. Despite these benefits and positive perception of AI tools, concerns emerged regarding over-reliance on AI, accuracy limitations, and ethical issues such as plagiarism and reduced student-teacher interaction. These findings emphasize the need for strategic AI implementation, ethical safeguards, and a pedagogical framework that prioritizes human-AI collaboration over substitution.", "Affective polarization and increasing social divisions affect social mixing and the spread of information across online and physical spaces, reinforcing social and electoral cleavages and influencing political outcomes. Here, using individual survey data and aggregated and de-identified co-location and online network data, we investigate the relationship between partisan exposure and vote choice in the US by comparing offline and online dimensions of partisan exposure. By leveraging various statistical modeling approaches, we consistently find that partisan exposure in the physical space, as captured by co-location patterns, more accurately predicts electoral outcomes in US counties, outperforming online and residential exposures. Similarly, offline ties at the individual level better predict vote choice compared to online connections. We also estimate county-level experienced partisan segregation and examine its relationship with individuals' demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Focusing on metropolitan areas, our results confirm the presence of extensive partisan segregation in the US and show that offline partisan isolation, both considering physical encounters or residential sorting, is higher than online segregation and is primarily associated with educational attainment. Our findings emphasize the importance of physical space in understanding the relationship between social networks and political behavior, in contrast to the intense scrutiny focused on online social networks and elections."], "persona": "education", "qid": "T5_education_a0408b5bc28f", "question": {"delta_files": ["e66720898f395955.pdf", "ec38bdba2c82be73.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/e66720898f395955.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/ec38bdba2c82be73.txt"], "object": "deca49881cd78b42.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"deca49881cd78b42.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Interaction Readiness: A Framework for Building and Evaluating AI Agents in Human Roles", "Why Johnny Can't Think: GenAI's Impacts on Cognitive Engagement", "Facial-Expression-Aware Prompting for Empathetic LLM Tutoring", "Thinking Less, Trusting More: GenAI's Impacts on Students' Cognitive Habits"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T5_education_8f344893a70a", "question": {"delta_files": ["9efd0849bc225c71.pdf", "79d6a6fa7b98bae3.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/9efd0849bc225c71.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/79d6a6fa7b98bae3.txt"], "object": "7c17adca0abd7de1.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"7c17adca0abd7de1.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Large language models (LLMs) enable increasingly capable tutoring-style conversational agents, yet effective tutoring requires sensitivity to learners' affective and cognitive states beyond text alone. Facial expressions provide immediate and practical cues of confusion, frustration, or engagement, but remain underexplored in LLM-driven tutoring. We investigate whether facial-expression-aware signals can improve empathetic tutoring responses through prompt-level integration, without end-to-end retraining. We build a scalable simulated tutoring environment where a student agent exhibits diverse facial behaviors from a large unlabeled human facial expression video dataset, and compare four tutor variants: a text-only LLM baseline, a multimodal baseline using a random facial frame, and two Action Unit estimation model (AUM)-based methods that either inject textual AU descriptions or select a peak-expression frame for visual grounding. Across 960 multi-turn conversations spanning three tutor backbones (GPT-5.1, Claude Opus 4.5, and Gemini 2.5 Pro), we evaluate targeted pairwise comparisons with five human raters and an exhaustive AI evaluator. AU-based conditioning consistently improves empathetic responsiveness to facial expressions across all tutor backbones, while AUM-guided peak-frame selection outperforms random-frame visual input. Textual AU abstraction and peak-frame visual injection show model-dependent advantages. Control analyses show that this improvement does not come at the expense of worse pedagogical clarity or responsiveness to textual cues. Overall, our results show that lightweight, structured facial expression representations can meaningfully enhance empathy in LLM-based tutoring systems with minimal overhead. Future work should evaluate these methods using real student facial data collected during authentic learning interactions.", "Identifying the factors that influence student performance in basic education is a central challenge for formulating effective public policies in Brazil. This study introduces a multi-level machine learning approach to classify the proficiency of 9th-grade and high school students using microdata from the System of Assessment of Basic Education (SAEB). Our model uniquely integrates four data sources: student socioeconomic characteristics, teacher professional profiles, school indicators, and principal management profiles. A comparative analysis of four ensemble algorithms confirmed the superiority of a Random Forest model, which achieved 90.2% accuracy and an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 96.7%. To move beyond prediction, we applied Explainable AI (XAI) using SHAP, which revealed that the school's average socioeconomic level is the most dominant predictor, demonstrating that systemic factors have a greater impact than individual characteristics in isolation. The primary conclusion is that academic performance is a systemic phenomenon deeply tied to the school's ecosystem. This study provides a data-driven, interpretable tool to inform policies aimed at promoting educational equity by addressing disparities between schools.", "Large language models (LLMs) enable increasingly capable tutoring-style conversational agents, yet effective tutoring requires sensitivity to learners' affective and cognitive states beyond text alone. Facial expressions provide immediate and practical cues of confusion, frustration, or engagement, but remain underexplored in LLM-driven tutoring. We investigate whether facial-expression-aware signals can improve empathetic tutoring responses through prompt-level integration, without end-to-end retraining. We build a scalable simulated tutoring environment where a student agent exhibits diverse facial behaviors from a large unlabeled facial expression video dataset, and compare four tutor variants: a text-only LLM baseline, a multimodal baseline using a random facial frame, and two Action Unit estimation model (AUM)-based methods that either inject textual AU descriptions or select a peak-expression frame for visual grounding. Across 960 multi-turn conversations spanning three tutor backbones (GPT-5.1, Claude Ops 4.5, and Gemini 2.5 Pro), we evaluate targeted pairwise comparisons with five human raters and an exhaustive AI evaluator. AU-based conditioning consistently improves empathetic responsiveness to facial expressions across all tutor backbones, while AUM-guided peak-frame selection outperforms random-frame visual input. Textual AU abstraction and peak-frame visual injection show model-dependent advantages. Control analyses show that this improvement does not come at the expense of worse pedagogical clarity or responsiveness to textual cues. Finally, AI-human agreement is highest on facial-expression-grounded empathy, supporting scalable AI evaluation for this dimension. Overall, our results show that lightweight, structured facial expression representations can meaningfully enhance empathy in LLM-based tutoring systems with minimal overhead.", "Unresolved questions about how autonomous vehicles (AVs) should meet the informational needs of riders hinder real-world adoption. Complicating our ability to satisfy rider needs is that different people, goals, and driving contexts have different criteria for what constitutes interaction success. Unfortunately, most human-AV research and design today treats all people and situations uniformly. It is crucial to understand how an AV should communicate to meet rider needs, and how communications should change when the human-AV complex system changes. I argue that understanding the relationships between different aspects of the human-AV system can help us build improved and adaptable AV communications. I support this argument using three empirical studies. First, I identify optimal communication strategies that enhance driving performance, confidence, and trust for learning in extreme driving environments. Findings highlight the need for task-sensitive, modality-appropriate communications tuned to learner cognitive limits and goals. Next, I highlight the consequences of deploying faulty communication systems and demonstrate the need for context-sensitive communications. Third, I use machine learning (ML) to illuminate personal factors predicting trust in AVs, emphasizing the importance of tailoring designs to individual traits and concerns. Together, this dissertation supports the necessity of transparent, adaptable, and personalized AV systems that cater to individual needs, goals, and contextual demands. By considering the complex system within which human-AV interactions occur, we can deliver valuable insights for designers, researchers, and policymakers. This dissertation also provides a concrete domain to study theories of human-machine joint action and situational awareness, and can be used to guide future human-AI interaction research. [shortened for arxiv]"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T5_education_3cc29ae3e454", "question": {"delta_files": ["bf4f7387d16555d9.pdf", "fce5355ddc7bc2f5.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/bf4f7387d16555d9.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/fce5355ddc7bc2f5.txt"], "object": "c9b934bf0af1d859.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"c9b934bf0af1d859.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Large language models (LLMs) enable increasingly capable tutoring-style conversational agents, yet effective tutoring requires sensitivity to learners' affective and cognitive states beyond text alone. Facial expressions provide immediate and practical cues of confusion, frustration, or engagement, but remain underexplored in LLM-driven tutoring. We investigate whether facial-expression-aware signals can improve empathetic tutoring responses through prompt-level integration, without end-to-end retraining. We build a scalable simulated tutoring environment where a student agent exhibits diverse facial behaviors from a large unlabeled human facial expression video dataset, and compare four tutor variants: a text-only LLM baseline, a multimodal baseline using a random facial frame, and two Action Unit estimation model (AUM)-based methods that either inject textual AU descriptions or select a peak-expression frame for visual grounding. Across 960 multi-turn conversations spanning three tutor backbones (GPT-5.1, Claude Opus 4.5, and Gemini 2.5 Pro), we evaluate targeted pairwise comparisons with five human raters and an exhaustive AI evaluator. AU-based conditioning consistently improves empathetic responsiveness to facial expressions across all tutor backbones, while AUM-guided peak-frame selection outperforms random-frame visual input. Textual AU abstraction and peak-frame visual injection show model-dependent advantages. Control analyses show that this improvement does not come at the expense of worse pedagogical clarity or responsiveness to textual cues. Overall, our results show that lightweight, structured facial expression representations can meaningfully enhance empathy in LLM-based tutoring systems with minimal overhead. Future work should evaluate these methods using real student facial data collected during authentic learning interactions.", "The collapse of social contexts has been amplified by digital infrastructures but surprisingly received insufficient attention from Web privacy scholars. Users are persistently identified within and across distinct Web contexts, in varying degrees, through and by different websites and trackers, losing the ability to maintain a fragmented identity. To systematically evaluate this structural privacy harm, we operationalize the theory of Privacy as Contextual Integrity and measure persistent user identification within and between distinct Web contexts. We crawl the top-700 popular websites across the contexts of health, finance, news \\& media, LGBTQ, eCommerce, adult, and education websites, for 27 days, and created network graphs to learn how persistent browser identification via third-party cookies and JavaScript fingerprinting is diffused within and between Web contexts. Past work measured Web tracking in bulk, highlighting the volume of trackers and tracking techniques. These measurements miss a crucial privacy implication of Web tracking - the collapse of online contexts. Our findings reveal how persistent browser identification varies between and within contexts, diffusing user IDs to different distances, contrasting known tracking distributions across websites, and conducted as a joint or separate effort via cookie IDs and JS fingerprinting. Our network analysis informs the construction of browsers' storage containers to protect users against real-time context collapse. This is a first modest step in measuring Web privacy as Contextual Integrity, opening new avenues for contextual Web privacy research.", "We present CaravelMetrics, a computational framework for automated cerebrovascular analysis that models vessel morphology through skeletonization-derived graph representations. The framework integrates atlas-based regional parcellation, centerline extraction, and graph construction to compute fifteen morphometric, topological, fractal, and geometric features. The features can be estimated globally from the complete vascular network or regionally within arterial territories, enabling multiscale characterization of cerebrovascular organization. Applied to 570 3D TOF-MRA scans from the IXI dataset (ages 20-86), CaravelMetrics yields reproducible vessel graphs capturing age- and sex-related variations and education-associated increases in vascular complexity, consistent with findings reported in the literature. The framework provides a scalable and fully automated approach for quantitative cerebrovascular feature extraction, supporting normative modeling and population-level studies of vascular health and aging.", "The collapse of social contexts has been amplified by digital infrastructures but surprisingly received insufficient attention from Web privacy scholars. Users are persistently identified within and across distinct web contexts, in varying degrees, through and by different websites and trackers, losing the ability to maintain a fragmented identity. To systematically evaluate this structural privacy harm we operationalize the theory of Privacy as Contextual Integrity and measure persistent user identification within and between distinct Web contexts. We crawl the top-700 popular websites across the contexts of health, finance, news & media, LGBTQ, eCommerce, adult, and education websites, for 27 days, to learn how persistent browser identification via third-party cookies and JavaScript fingerprinting is diffused within and between web contexts. Past work measured Web tracking in bulk, highlighting the volume of trackers and tracking techniques. These measurements miss a crucial privacy implication of Web tracking - the collapse of online contexts. Our findings reveal how persistent browser identification varies between and within contexts, diffusing user IDs to different distances, contrasting known tracking distributions across websites, and conducted as a joint or separate effort via cookie IDs and JS fingerprinting. Our network analysis can inform the construction of browser storage containers to protect users against real-time context collapse. This is a first modest step in measuring Web privacy as contextual integrity, opening new avenues for contextual Web privacy research."], "persona": "education", "qid": "T5_education_4629192516fe", "question": {"delta_files": ["64335fa20f02bb46.pdf", "b69fe17dcadca304.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/64335fa20f02bb46.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/b69fe17dcadca304.txt"], "object": "c132ab403b9324c0.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"c132ab403b9324c0.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Marisa C. Peczuh; Nischal Ashok Kumar; Ryan Baker; Blair Lehman; Danielle Eisenberg; Caitlin Mills; Keerthi Chebrolu; Sudhip Nashi; Cadence Young; Brayden Liu; Sherry Lachman; Andrew Lan", "Marisa C. Peczuh; Nischal Ashok Kumar; Ryan Baker; Blair Lehman; Danielle Eisenberg; Caitlin Mills; Payu Wittawatolarn; Kushaan Naskar; Keerthi Chebrolu; Sudhip Nashi; Cadence Young; Brayden Liu; Sherry Lachman; Andrew Lan", "Yi-Cheng Lin; Yu-Kai Guo; Szu-Chi Chen; Bo-Han Feng; Yun-Man Hsu; Hsiang Hsieh; Yu-Jung Lin; Yue-Ling Wu; Jia-Kai Dong; An-Yu Cheng; Yu-Han Huang; Lok-Lam Ieong; Kuan-Yu Chen; Ming-Douo Tchouang; Shao-Hua Sun; Che Lin; Jian-Jiun Ding; Hung-yi Lee", "Kyuwon Kim; Jaeryeong Hwang; Younseo Lee; Jeanhee Lee; Sung-Eun Kim; Hyo-Jeong So"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T5_education_1f17ef249cdf", "question": {"delta_files": ["edb1a4e52b888702.pdf", "d9ce5bde7e7c0050.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/edb1a4e52b888702.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/d9ce5bde7e7c0050.txt"], "object": "15cc3ae7a3f8c84b.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "Who is the author list of the PDF document \"15cc3ae7a3f8c84b.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Mental health challenges are rising globally, while traditional support services face limited availability and high costs. Large language models offer potential for conversational support, but often lack personalization, empathy, and factual grounding. A virtual agent framework is introduced to provide empathetic, personalized, and reliable wellbeing support through retrieval-augmented architecture, structured memory, and multimodal interaction. Objective benchmarks demonstrate improved retrieval and response quality, particularly for smaller models. A cross-cultural study with university students from Vietnam and Australia shows the system outperforms LLM-only baselines in coherence, perceived accuracy, and empathy, with most participants clearly preferring the proposed approach.", "The rapid digitalisation of contemporary society has profoundly impacted various facets of our lives, including healthcare, communication, business, and education. The ability to engage with new technologies and solve problems has become crucial, making CT skills, such as pattern recognition, decomposition, and algorithm design, essential competencies. In response, Switzerland is conducting research and initiatives to integrate CT into its educational system. This study aims to develop a comprehensive framework for large-scale assessment of CT skills, particularly focusing on AT, the ability to design algorithms. To achieve this, we first developed a competence model capturing the situated and developmental nature of CT, guiding the design of activities tailored to cognitive abilities, age, and context. This framework clarifies how activity characteristics influence CT development and how to assess these competencies. Additionally, we developed an activity for large-scale assessment of AT skills, offered in two variants: one based on non-digital artefacts (unplugged) and manual expert assessment, and the other based on digital artefacts (virtual) and automatic assessment. To provide a more comprehensive evaluation of students' competencies, we developed an IAS based on BNs with noisy gates, which offers real-time probabilistic assessment for each skill rather than a single overall score. The results indicate that the proposed instrument can measure AT competencies across different age groups and educational contexts in Switzerland, demonstrating its applicability for large-scale use. AT competencies exhibit a progressive development, with no overall gender differences, though variations are observed at the school level, significantly influenced by the artefact-based environment and its context, underscoring the importance of creating accessible and adaptable assessment tools.", "LLM-powered multimodal systems are increasingly used to interpret human social behavior, yet how researchers apply the models' 'social competence' remains poorly understood. This paper presents a systematic literature review of 176 publications across different application domains (e.g., healthcare, education, and entertainment). Using a four-dimensional coding framework (application, technical, evaluative, and ethical), we find (1) frequent use of pattern recognition and information extraction from multimodal sources, but limited support for adaptive, interactive reasoning; (2) a dominant 'modality-to-text' pipeline that privileges language over rich audiovisual cues, striping away nuanced social cues; (3) evaluation practices reliant on static benchmarks, with socially grounded, human-centered assessments rare; and (4) Ethical discussions focused mainly on legal and rights-related risks (e.g., privacy), leaving societal risks (e.g., deception) overlooked--or at best acknowledged but left unaddressed. We outline a research agenda for evaluating socially competent, ethically informed, and interaction-aware multi-modal systems.", "LLM-powered multimodal systems are increasingly used to interpret human behavior, yet how researchers apply the models' 'social competence' remains poorly understood. This paper presents a systematic literature review of 176 publications across different application domains (e.g., healthcare, education, and entertainment). Using a four-dimensional coding framework (application, technical, evaluative, and ethical), we find (1) frequent use of pattern recognition and information extraction from multimodal sources, but limited support for adaptive, interactive reasoning; (2) a dominant 'modality-to-text' pipeline that privileges language over rich audiovisual cues, striping away nuanced social cues; (3) evaluation practices reliant on static benchmarks, with socially grounded, human-centered assessments rare; and (4) Ethical discussions focused mainly on legal and rights-related risks (e.g., privacy), leaving societal risks (e.g., deception) overlooked--or at best acknowledged but left unaddressed. We outline a research agenda for evaluating socially competent, ethically informed, and interaction-aware multi-modal systems."], "persona": "education", "qid": "T5_education_14c116d9ae6f", "question": {"delta_files": ["339a17a28500a7ad.pdf", "4877f1784a1948a0.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/339a17a28500a7ad.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/4877f1784a1948a0.txt"], "object": "57609229149bdd8f.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"57609229149bdd8f.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Online hate speech has become increasingly prevalent on social media, causing harm to individuals and society. While automated content moderation has received considerable attention, user-driven counterspeech remains a less explored yet promising approach. However, many people face difficulties in crafting effective responses. We introduce CounterQuill, a human-AI collaborative system that helps everyday users with writing empathetic counterspeech, not by generating automatic replies, but by educating them through reflection and response. CounterQuill follows a three-stage workflow grounded in computational thinking: (1) a learning session to build understanding of hate speech and counterspeech, (2) a brainstorming session to identify harmful patterns and ideate counterspeech ideas, and (3) a co-writing session that helps users refine their counter responses while preserving personal voice. Through a user study \\r{ho}(N=20), we found that CounterQuill helped participants develop the skills to brainstorm and draft counterspeech with increased confidence and control throughout the process. Our findings highlight how AI systems can scaffold complex communication tasks through structured, human-centered workflows that educate users on how to recognize, reflect on, and respond to online hate speech.", "Online hate speech has become increasingly prevalent on social media, causing harm to individuals and society. While automated content moderation has received considerable attention, user-driven counterspeech remains a less explored yet promising approach. However, many people face difficulties in crafting effective responses. We introduce CounterQuill, a human-AI collaborative system that helps everyday users with writing empathetic counterspeech - not by generating automatic replies, but by educating them through reflection and response. CounterQuill follows a three-stage workflow grounded in computational thinking: (1) a learning session to build understanding of hate speech and counterspeech, (2) a brainstorming session to identify harmful patterns and ideate counterspeech ideas, and (3) a co-writing session that helps users refine their counter responses while preserving personal voice. Through a user study (N = 20), we found that CounterQuill helped participants develop the skills to brainstorm and draft counterspeech with confidence and control throughout the process. Our findings highlight how AI systems can scaffold complex communication tasks through structured, human-centered workflows that educate users on how to recognize, reflect on, and respond to online hate speech.", "Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to support text analysis in qualitative research, yet evidence on their performance in inductive content analysis remains limited. This study compares human and LLM-based inductive coding of open-ended survey responses from 903 answers across six variables from a European PhD student survey. Five human coders performed inductive content analysis following a standardized coding scheme, while an LLM (GPT-5.4) conducted the same task using an established prompting procedure. Agreement between human and LLM outputs was assessed using the Adjusted Rand Index (ARI). Results showed an alignment between humans and the LLM, with ARI values of 0.61 for coding and 0.54 for theme generation. These values were close to the internal consistency of coding and theme results within humans (ARI = 0.68) and the LLM (ARI = 0.76). Agreement varied widely across variables, with low within-entity consistency consistently linked to low between-entity agreement, underscoring the role of data characteristics and individual performance in reliability. Overall, the findings suggest that LLMs can approximate human coding in this case-specific setting, particularly at the coding level, and may serve as a scalable support tool for inductive qualitative analysis.", "LLMs increasingly excel on AI benchmarks, but doing so does not guarantee validity for downstream tasks. This study contrasts LLM alignment on benchmarks, downstream tasks, and, importantly the intended impact of those tasks. We evaluate the performance of leading LLMs (i.e., generative pre-trained base models) on difficult-to-verify tasks of the teaching and learning of schoolchildren. Across all LLMs, inter-model behaviors on disparate tasks correlate higher than they do with expert human behaviors on target tasks. These biases shared across LLMs are poorly aligned with downstream measures of teaching quality and often negatively aligned with the intended impact of student learning outcomes. Further, we find multi-model ensembles, both unanimous model voting and expert-weighting by benchmark performance, further exacerbate misalignment with learning. We measure that selection of LLM and/or prompting strategy only reliably accounts for $15\\%$ of all measured misalignment error and that variation in misalignment error is shared across LLMs, suggesting that common pretraining accounts for much of the misalignment in these tasks. We demonstrate methods for robustly measuring alignment of complex tasks and provide unique insights into practical applications of LLMs in high-noise contexts."], "persona": "education", "qid": "T5_education_d850517e1ed3", "question": {"delta_files": ["5715734f1bbc4ec9.pdf", "809504e2705e4531.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/5715734f1bbc4ec9.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/809504e2705e4531.txt"], "object": "3973bc54c0c2dfdb.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"3973bc54c0c2dfdb.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Open Educational Resources (OER) are freely available teaching and learning materials, such as textbooks, videos, and interactive games, that can be used, reused, adapted, and shared. OER can leverage access, collaboration, and innovation in education; however, their adoption and long-term use remain limited. Motivated by this issue, this manuscript examined the literature and identified 26 social, economic, and technical barriers that hinder teachers, students, and institutions from creating, using, and maintaining OER. These barriers were evaluated through semi-structured interviews with experts to ensure their understandability, correctness, completeness, and relevance. We adopted a four-step research method: (1) a tertiary study that identified barriers from 26 secondary studies; (2) analysis and classification of the barriers according to social, economic, and technical dimensions and the OER lifecycle activities they affect; (3) design of the conceptual model to represent relationships among OER elements, barriers, and mitigation actions; and (4) evaluation through expert interviews. These barriers are also illustrated using a real-world OER. The findings provide insights for the education community, supporting inclusive strategies, institutional actions, and public policies to reduce social, economic, and technical barriers to OER. By addressing factors that affect accessibility, sustainability, and equitable participation, this manuscript advances universal access to educational resources and fosters more inclusive educational ecosystems.", "Affective polarization and increasing social divisions affect social mixing and the spread of information across online and physical spaces, reinforcing social and electoral cleavages and influencing political outcomes. Here, using individual survey data and aggregated and de-identified co-location and online network data, we investigate the relationship between partisan exposure and vote choice in the US by comparing offline and online dimensions of partisan exposure. By leveraging various statistical modeling approaches, we consistently find that partisan exposure in the physical space, as captured by co-location patterns, more accurately predicts electoral outcomes in US counties, outperforming online and residential exposures. Similarly, offline ties at the individual level better predict vote choice compared to online connections. We also estimate county-level experienced partisan segregation and examine its relationship with individuals' demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Focusing on metropolitan areas, our results confirm the presence of extensive partisan segregation in the US and show that offline partisan isolation, both considering physical encounters or residential sorting, is higher than online segregation and is primarily associated with educational attainment. Our findings emphasize the importance of physical space in understanding the relationship between social networks and political behavior, in contrast to the intense scrutiny focused on online social networks and elections.", "Machine learning (ML) has become a go-to solution for improving how we use, experience, and interact with technology (and the world around us). Unfortunately, studies have repeatedly shown that machine learning technologies may not provide adequate support for societal identities and experiences. Intersectionality is a sociological framework that provides a mechanism for explicitly considering complex social identities, focusing on social justice and power. While the framework of intersectionality can support the development of technologies that acknowledge and support all members of society, it has been adopted and adapted in ways that are not always true to its foundations, thereby weakening its potential for impact. To support the appropriate adoption and use of intersectionality for more equitable technological outcomes, we amplify the foundational intersectionality scholarship--Crenshaw, Combahee, and Collins (three C's), to create a socially relevant preliminary framework in developing machine-learning solutions. We use this framework to evaluate and report on the (mis)alignments of intersectionality application in machine learning literature.", "Affective polarization and increasing social divisions affect social mixing and the spread of information across online and physical spaces, reinforcing social and electoral cleavages and influencing political outcomes. Here, using aggregated and de-identified co-location and online network data, we investigate the relationship between partisan exposure and voting patterns in the USA by comparing three dimensions of partisan exposure: physical proximity and exposure to the same social contexts, online social ties, and residential sorting. By leveraging various statistical modeling approaches, we consistently find that partisan exposure in the physical space, as captured by co-location patterns, more accurately predicts electoral outcomes in US counties, outperforming online and residential exposures across metropolitan and non-metro areas. Moreover, our results show that physical partisan proximity is the best predictor of voting patterns in swing counties, where the election results are most uncertain. We also estimate county-level experienced partisan segregation and examine its relationship with individuals' demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Focusing on metropolitan areas, our results confirm the presence of extensive partisan segregation in the US and show that offline partisan isolation, both considering physical encounters or residential sorting, is higher than online segregation and is primarily associated with educational attainment. Our findings emphasize the importance of physical space in understanding the relationship between social networks and political behavior, in contrast to the intense scrutiny focused on online social networks and elections."], "persona": "education", "qid": "T5_education_642e10cd0769", "question": {"delta_files": ["72ea55b4a9117f92.pdf", "c6ffe5c910ecd3bc.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/72ea55b4a9117f92.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/c6ffe5c910ecd3bc.txt"], "object": "c1a6fe61f5714cc4.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"c1a6fe61f5714cc4.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["PACEE: Supporting Children's Personal Emotion Education through Parent-AI Collaboration", "Exploring Teachers' Perspectives on Using Conversational AI Agents for Group Collaboration", "PACEE: Parent-Centered AI Scaffolding for Emotion Education in Early Childhood Conversations", "Guided Reality: Generating Visually-Enriched AR Task Guidance with LLMs and Vision Models"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T5_education_171735327624", "question": {"delta_files": ["b8781b02fc3b27ba.pdf", "beb1c8828f676fa5.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/b8781b02fc3b27ba.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/beb1c8828f676fa5.txt"], "object": "bb57ab52dc4f394f.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"bb57ab52dc4f394f.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Predicting changes in consumer attention for cultural products, such as books, movies, and songs, is notoriously difficult. Past research on predicting the popularity of individual products suggests the existence of intrinsic prediction limits. However, little is known about the limits for predicting collective attention across cultural products. Here, we analyze four years of nationwide library loan data for approximately 2 million individuals, comprising over 100 million loans of more than 660,000 unique books. We find that culture, as measured by popularity distributions of loaned books, drifts continually from month to month at a near-constant rate, leading to a growing divergence over time, and that drifts vary between different book genres. By linking book loans to registry data, we investigate the influence of age, sex, educational level, and geographical area on cultural drift, finding heterogeneous effects from the different demographic groups. Our findings have important implications for market forecasting and developing robust recommender systems, highlighting the need to account for specific drift dynamics for different types of items and demographic groups.", "Constraint-satisfaction problems (CSPs) are ubiquitous, ranging from budgeting for grocery shopping to verifying software behavior. Logic modeling helps solve CSPs programmatically using SMT solvers. Despite its importance in many Computer Science disciplines, resources for teaching and learning logic modeling are scarce and scattered, and challenges remain in designing educational environments for logic modeling that are accessible and meet the needs of teachers and students. This paper explores how to design such an environment and probes the impact of the design on the learning experience. From a need-finding interview study and a design iteration with teachers of logic modeling, we curated 10 design guidelines spanning three main requirements: providing easy access, supporting various educational modalities, and allowing extensions for customized pedagogical needs. We implemented nine guidelines in Z3Guide, an open-source browser-based tool. Using Z3Guide in a logic modeling learning workshop with more than 100 students, we gathered positive feedback on its support for learning and identified opportunities for future improvements.", "Predicting changes in consumer attention for cultural products, such as books, movies, and songs, is notoriously difficult. Past research suggests intrinsic limits for predicting consumer attention towards individual products. However, little is known about the limits for predicting shifts in collective attention. Here, we analyze five years of nationwide library loan data for almost 3 million individuals, comprising over 136 million loans of more than 750,000 unique titles. We find that culture, as measured by popularity distributions of loaned books, drifts continually from month to month at a near-constant rate, leading to a growing divergence over time, and that drift varies between book genres. By linking book loans to registry data, we investigate the influence of age, sex, educational level, and residential area type on cultural drift, finding heterogeneous effects. Our findings have important implications for market forecasting and algorithmic recommender systems, highlighting the need to account for drift dynamics.", "This paper examines the limitations of fully digital and partially digital e-assessment approaches in summative examinations in higher education. The analysis focuses on the didactic narrowing caused by closed question formats and on organizational, technical, and legal constraints that become particularly relevant in large student cohorts. As an alternative, the paper proposes a hybrid e-assessment approach that retains paper-based, problem-oriented examination tasks while enabling semi-automated grading. Assessment-relevant intermediate results are encoded in a structured answer format, entered by students by hand, and subsequently captured from table fields. The central technical bottleneck is reliable recognition of handwritten characters under realistic examination conditions. Recent vision-capable large language models, combined with a two-pass validation principle and comparison against a solution key, can reduce misclassifications and thereby improve the validity, fairness, and scalability of summative assessment."], "persona": "education", "qid": "T5_education_a734e0ad474b", "question": {"delta_files": ["6c56cb052c1bb935.pdf", "37791a9b27490cf8.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/6c56cb052c1bb935.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/37791a9b27490cf8.txt"], "object": "e68ce72f035f7d23.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"e68ce72f035f7d23.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Quantifying Student Success with Generative AI: A Monte Carlo Simulation Informed by Systematic Review", "LLMs for Survey Text Analysis - A Performance Comparison Between Humans and GPT-5 on Inductive Content Analysis", "Million Tutoring Moves (MTM): An Open Multimodal Dataset for the Science of Tutoring", "Quantifying Perception-Based Student Success with Generative AI: An Exploratory Monte Carlo Simulation"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T5_education_b5942319dec6", "question": {"delta_files": ["62cb70f71334d7f1.pdf", "99ecdbe2e09cf45a.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/62cb70f71334d7f1.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/99ecdbe2e09cf45a.txt"], "object": "35b460f74aa581a7.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"35b460f74aa581a7.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["The Social Gaze of LLMs: A Literature Review of Multimodal Approaches to Human Behavior Understanding", "Reimagining the Traditional Flight Computer: E6BJA as a Modern, Multi-Platform Tool for Flight Calculations and Training", "DiscussLLM: Teaching Large Language Models When to Speak", "Toward Socially-Aware LLMs: A Survey of Multimodal Approaches to Human Behavior Understanding"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T5_education_e6b047cfda01", "question": {"delta_files": ["339a17a28500a7ad.pdf", "4877f1784a1948a0.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/education/deltas/339a17a28500a7ad.pdf", "corpus/education/deltas/4877f1784a1948a0.txt"], "object": "57609229149bdd8f.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"57609229149bdd8f.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
diff --git a/release/questions/T5/finance.jsonl b/release/questions/T5/finance.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..93e3f753bcddbfa6f3ce7b9ea4b24e5db6eb8604
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/questions/T5/finance.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Alejandra Mira; Matthew Bone; Fabian Stephany", "Hong Yuan; Minda Ma; Nan Zhou; Zhili Ma; Chunbo Zhang", "Lizhong Zhang; Junqi Liu; Jianxiao Wang; Lei Zhu", "Hong Yuan; Minda Ma; Nan Zhou; Zhili Ma"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T5_finance_20b3c6af2293", "question": {"delta_files": ["506d8b5cd6b8fe9b.pdf", "d758262c208c8ac4.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/506d8b5cd6b8fe9b.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/d758262c208c8ac4.txt"], "object": "2c0e55ee68df4d16.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the author list of the PDF document \"2c0e55ee68df4d16.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Ana I. C. Pereda", "A. I. C. Pereda", "Takanori Adachi", "Brian P. Hanley"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T5_finance_620a9bfcca81", "question": {"delta_files": ["195d6c7286297000.pdf", "349e1a3959667a2d.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/195d6c7286297000.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/349e1a3959667a2d.txt"], "object": "22cc6337f63235fd.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "Who are the authors of the PDF document \"22cc6337f63235fd.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Cryptocurrency markets exhibit periodic bursts in volatility and volume at one-, five-, and quarter-hour marks. Using trade data for six Binance perpetual contracts, we associate these bursts with algorithmic trading: trade-size roundness declines sharply within them, a behavioral signature of algorithmic participation. The Autocorrelation Map, a clock-phase-resolved display, reveals serial dependence in order flow and returns at the quarter-hour openings that conventional measures conceal. This opening activity is not only predictable out of sample but also informative: its order imbalance forecasts four-to-twelve-hour returns, weaker at finer marks. Our results characterize periodic algorithmic trading and its cross-frequency variation.", "Cryptocurrency markets exhibit periodic bursts in volatility and volume at one-minute, five-minute, and quarter-hour marks. Using trade data for six Binance perpetual contracts, we link these bursts to algorithmic participation: trade-size roundness declines sharply during them. The Autocorrelation Map, a clock-phase-resolved display, reveals serial dependence in order flow and returns at quarter-hour openings that conventional measures obscure. Opening returns are predictable out of sample, while opening order imbalance predicts returns over four to twelve hours, with much weaker effects at finer clock-time frequencies. Together, these findings characterize periodic algorithmic trading and its cross-frequency variation.", "Trend following and momentum investing are common strategies employed by asset managers. Even though they can be helpful in the proper situations, they are limited in the sense that they work just by looking at past, as if we were driving with our focus on the rearview mirror. In this paper, we advocate for the use of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning techniques to predict future market trends. These predictions, when done properly, can improve the performance of asset managers by increasing returns and reducing drawdowns.", "A novel procedure is presented for finding the true but latent endpoints within the repayment histories of individual loans. The monthly observations beyond these true endpoints are false, largely due to operational failures that delay account closure, thereby corrupting some loans. Detecting these false observations is difficult at scale since each affected loan history might have a different sequence of trailing zero (or very small) month-end balances. Identifying these trailing balances requires an exact definition of a \"small balance\", which our method informs. We demonstrate this procedure and isolate the ideal small-balance definition using two different South African datasets. Evidently, corrupted loans are remarkably prevalent and have excess histories that are surprisingly long, which ruin the timing of risk events and compromise any subsequent time-to-event model, e.g., survival analysis. Having discarded these excess histories, we demonstrably improve the accuracy of both the predicted timing and severity of risk events, without materially impacting the portfolio. The resulting estimates of credit losses are lower and less biased, which augurs well for raising accurate credit impairments under IFRS 9. Our work therefore addresses a pernicious data error, which highlights the pivotal role of data preparation in producing credible forecasts of credit risk."], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T5_finance_7ab0633d573c", "question": {"delta_files": ["c11a1a534caeea57.pdf", "28f8cd1cc8411515.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/c11a1a534caeea57.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/28f8cd1cc8411515.txt"], "object": "95b572274d7d42e5.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"95b572274d7d42e5.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Deep Generative Models for Synthetic Financial Data: Applications to Portfolio and Risk Modeling", "Analysis of market efficiency in main stock markets: using Karman-Filter as an approach", "Applications of synthetic financial data in portfolio and risk modeling", "Replica del valor de un pool (CPM) y hedging de perdidas impermanentes"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T5_finance_04fea186ee99", "question": {"delta_files": ["03940a14811843e4.pdf", "31f94d216f82eed4.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/03940a14811843e4.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/31f94d216f82eed4.txt"], "object": "aa9b5cf53cdf4327.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"aa9b5cf53cdf4327.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Dynamic Optimization of Portfolio Allocation Using Deep Reinforcement Learning", "Conditional Risk Minimization with Side Information: A Tractable, Universal Optimal Transport Framework", "Monitoring the carbon emissions transition of global building end-use activity", "A Deep Reinforcement Learning Framework for Dynamic Portfolio Optimization: Evidence from China's Stock Market"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T5_finance_de1bb492ec2b", "question": {"delta_files": ["58ceb15b5fb61ada.pdf", "d4f28aea59a93c32.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/58ceb15b5fb61ada.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/d4f28aea59a93c32.txt"], "object": "4675b492f3c62fa6.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"4675b492f3c62fa6.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) models, which are nowadays a crucial element of the set of quantitative tools that policy-makers have, did not emerge spontaneously. They rely on previously established ideas in Economics and relatively recent advancements in Mathematics. I aim to provide a comprehensive coverage of their history, starting from the pioneering Neoclassical general equilibrium theories and eventually reaching the New Neoclassical Synthesis (NNS). I thoroughly present the mathematical tools involved in formulating a DSGE model. I claim that this history has a mixed nature rather than an absolutist or relativist one, that the NNS may have emerged due to the complementary nature of New Classical and New Keynesian theories, and that the recent adoption and development of DSGE models by central banks from different countries has entailed a departure from the goal of building a universally valid theory that Economics has always had. The latter means that DSGE modeling has landed not without loss of generality.", "We construct an analytical general equilibrium model of an economy with carbon offsets, and show that increasing the carbon offset price has an ambiguous effect on aggregate emissions and welfare. Using two carbon accounting metrics, we demonstrate that offsets are over-credited under many parameterizations; however, offset under-crediting can also occur. Due to general equilibrium effects, neither carbon accounting metric is a sufficient statistic for welfare. Furthermore, we define four margins whereby offsets can respond to payments, including a margin not previously identified. Our results suggest that market spillover effects warrant consideration when evaluating carbon offset policies.", "Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) models are nowadays a crucial quantitative tool for policy-makers. However, they did not emerge spontaneously. They are built upon previously established ideas in Economics and relatively recent advancements in Mathematics. This essay provides a comprehensive coverage of their history, starting from the pioneering Neoclassical general equilibrium theories and eventually reaching the New Neoclassical Synthesis (NNS). In addition, the mathematical tools involved in formulating a DSGE model are thoroughly presented. I argue that this history has a mixed nature rather than an absolutist or relativist one, that the NNS may have emerged due to the complementary nature of New Classical and New Keynesian theories, and that the recent adoption and development of DSGE models by central banks from different countries has entailed a departure from the goal of building a universally valid theory that Economics has always had. The latter means that DSGE modeling has landed not without loss of generality.", "Estimating the covariance structure of financial assets typically relies on historical returns, making risk models dependent on noisy and asset-specific time series. We propose the Characteristic-Driven Dynamic Factor Model (CD-DFM), a non-linear latent factor model that instead constructs a representation of the asset cross-section directly from observable firm characteristics, primarily company fundamentals. The learned latent space jointly determines interpretable factor exposures and a forward covariance estimator, and is trained end to end on an objective that combines a Stein covariance loss with a factor reconstruction term, targeting the out-of-sample second moments used in risk management. Because the latent representation, i.e. the encoder depends only on characteristics, previously unseen assets can be embedded at inference time without retraining. Experiments on S&P 500 equities show that CD-DFM produces economically structured latent representations, interpretable factor portfolios, and competitive covariance forecasts despite relying on substantially lower-frequency information than return-based approaches. Among the benchmarked methods, it is the only model that simultaneously combines characteristic-driven representations, factor interpretability, competitive covariance calibration, and zero-shot onboarding of unseen assets."], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T5_finance_1468194e4679", "question": {"delta_files": ["2f7476676a8a36da.pdf", "a894b2b1e4115592.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/2f7476676a8a36da.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/a894b2b1e4115592.txt"], "object": "26bb2244b06c39c6.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"26bb2244b06c39c6.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Heterogeneity in Sectoral Production and the Macro Effect of Sectoral Shocks", "ForesightFlow: An Information Leakage Score Framework for Prediction Markets", "Sector-Specific Substitution and the Effect of Sectoral Shocks", "Endogenous Persistence at the Effective Lower Bound"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T5_finance_0f5d24ee943d", "question": {"delta_files": ["8486873e607bb342.pdf", "52eab2e0c7ca9255.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/8486873e607bb342.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/52eab2e0c7ca9255.txt"], "object": "7abed3559ff1ab31.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"7abed3559ff1ab31.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Order flow modeling stands as the most fundamental and essential financial task, as orders embody the minimal unit within a financial market. However, current approaches often result in unsatisfactory fidelity in generating order flow, and their generation lacks controllability, thereby limiting their application scenario. In this paper, we advocate incorporating controllability into the market generation process, and propose a Diffusion Guided meta Agent(DiGA) model to address the problem. Specifically, we utilize a diffusion model to capture dynamics of market state represented by time-evolving distribution parameters about mid-price return rate and order arrival rate, and define a meta agent with financial economic priors to generate orders from the corresponding distributions. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our method exhibits outstanding controllability and fidelity in generation. Furthermore, we validate DiGA's effectiveness as generative environment for downstream financial applications.", "Four radical ideas are presented. First, that the rationale for cancellation of principal can be modified in modern banking. Second, that non-cancellation of loan principal upon payment may cure an old problem of maintenance of positive equity in the non-governmental sector. Third and fourth, that crediting this money to local/state government, and crediting to at-risk loans that create new utility value, creates an additional virtuous monetary circuit that ties finances of government directly to commercial activity. Taking these steps can cure a problem I have identified with modern monetary theory, which is that breaking the monetary circuit of taxation in the minds of politicians will free them from centuries of restraint, optimizing their opportunities for implementing tyranny. It maintains and strengthens the current circuit, creating a new, more direct monetary circuit that in some respects combats inequality.", "Reliable financial reasoning requires knowing not only how to answer, but also when an answer cannot be justified. In real financial practice, problems often rely on implicit assumptions that are taken for granted rather than stated explicitly, causing problems to appear solvable while lacking enough information for a definite answer. We introduce REALFIN, a bilingual benchmark that evaluates financial reasoning by systematically removing essential premises from exam-style questions while keeping them linguistically plausible. Based on this, we evaluate models under three formulations that test answering, recognizing missing information, and rejecting unjustified options, and find consistent performance drops when key conditions are absent. General-purpose models tend to over-commit and guess, while most finance-specialized models fail to clearly identify missing premises. These results highlight a critical gap in current evaluations and show that reliable financial models must know when a question should not be answered.", "Generative modeling has transformed many fields, such as language and visual modeling, while its application in financial markets remains under-explored. As the minimal unit within a financial market is an order, order-flow modeling represents a fundamental generative financial task. However, current approaches often yield unsatisfactory fidelity in generating order flow, and their generation lacks controllability, thereby limiting their practical applications. In this paper, we formulate the challenge of controllable financial market generation, and propose a Diffusion Guided Meta Agent (DigMA) model to address it. Specifically, we employ a conditional diffusion model to capture the dynamics of the market state represented by time-evolving distribution parameters of the mid-price return rate and the order arrival rate, and we define a meta agent with financial economic priors to generate orders from the corresponding distributions. Extensive experimental results show that DigMA achieves superior controllability and generation fidelity. Moreover, we validate its effectiveness as a generative environment for downstream high-frequency trading tasks and its computational efficiency."], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T5_finance_fc5ef2a68c60", "question": {"delta_files": ["0ca5e6244f33b283.pdf", "7215337ba42d93d7.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/0ca5e6244f33b283.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/7215337ba42d93d7.txt"], "object": "3b7d078fc06c35aa.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"3b7d078fc06c35aa.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Order placement tactics play a crucial role in high-frequency trading algorithms and their design is based on understanding the dynamics of the order book. Using high quality high-frequency data and a set of microstructural features, we exhibit strong state dependence properties of the fill probability function. We train a neural network to infer the fill probability function for a fixed horizon. Since we aim at providing a high-frequency execution framework, we use a simple architecture. A weighting method is applied to the loss function such that the model learns from censored data. By comparing numerical results obtained on both digital asset centralized exchanges (CEXs) and stock markets, we are able to analyze dissimilarities between feature importances of the fill probability of small tick crypto pairs and Euronext equities. The practical use of this model is illustrated with a fixed time horizon execution problem in which both the decision to post a limit order or to immediately execute and the optimal distance of placement are characterized. We discuss the importance of accurately estimating the clean-up cost that occurs in the case of a non-execution and we show it can be well approximated by a smooth function of market features. We finally assess the performance of our model with a backtesting approach that avoids the insertion of hypothetical orders and makes possible to test the order placement algorithm with orders that realistically impact the price formation process.", "InvestESG is a novel multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) benchmark designed to study the impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) disclosure mandates on corporate climate investments. Supported by both PyTorch and JAX implementation, the benchmark models an intertemporal social dilemma where companies balance short-term profit losses from climate mitigation efforts and long-term benefits from reducing climate risk, while ESG-conscious investors attempt to influence corporate behavior through their investment decisions, in a scalable and hardware-accelerated manner. Companies allocate capital across mitigation, greenwashing, and resilience, with varying strategies influencing climate outcomes and investor preferences. Our experiments show that without ESG-conscious investors with sufficient capital, corporate mitigation efforts remain limited under the disclosure mandate. However, when a critical mass of investors prioritizes ESG, corporate cooperation increases, which in turn reduces climate risks and enhances long-term financial stability. Additionally, providing more information about global climate risks encourages companies to invest more in mitigation, even without investor involvement. Our findings align with empirical research using real-world data, highlighting MARL's potential to inform policy by providing insights into large-scale socio-economic challenges through efficient testing of alternative policy and market designs.", "Order placement tactics play a crucial role in high-frequency trading algorithms and their design is based on understanding the dynamics of the order book. Using high quality high-frequency data and survival analysis, we exhibit strong state dependence properties of the fill probability function. We define a set of microstructure features and train a multi-layer perceptron to infer the fill probability function. A weighting method is applied to the loss function such that the model learns from censored data. By comparing numerical results obtained on both digital asset centralized exchanges (CEXs) and stock markets, we are able to analyze dissimilarities between the fill probability of small tick crypto pairs and large tick assets -- large, relative to cryptos. The practical use of this model is illustrated with a fixed time horizon execution problem in which both the decision to post a limit order or to immediately execute and the optimal distance of placement are characterized. We discuss the importance of accurately estimating the clean-up cost that occurs in the case of a non-execution and we show it can be well approximated by a smooth function of market features. We finally assess the performance of our model with a backtesting approach that avoids the insertion of hypothetical orders and makes possible to test the order placement algorithm with orders that realistically impact the price formation process.", "This paper introduces a novel stochastic control framework to enhance the capabilities of automated investment managers, or robo-advisors, by accurately inferring clients' investment preferences from past activities. Our approach leverages a continuous-time model that incorporates utility functions and a generic discounting scheme of a time-varying rate, tailored to each client's risk tolerance, valuation of daily consumption, and significant life goals. We address the resulting time inconsistency issue through state augmentation and the establishment of the dynamic programming principle and the verification theorem. Additionally, we provide sufficient conditions for the identifiability of client investment preferences. To complement our theoretical developments, we propose a learning algorithm based on maximum likelihood estimation within a discrete-time Markov Decision Process framework, augmented with entropy regularization. We prove that the log-likelihood function is locally concave, facilitating the fast convergence of our proposed algorithm. Practical effectiveness and efficiency are showcased through two numerical examples, including Merton's problem and an investment problem with unhedgeable risks. Our proposed framework not only advances financial technology by improving personalized investment advice but also contributes broadly to other fields such as healthcare, economics, and artificial intelligence, where understanding individual preferences is crucial."], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T5_finance_f99c064d1079", "question": {"delta_files": ["675aec4aa2f0b0c8.pdf", "d3238bdadc6947bd.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/675aec4aa2f0b0c8.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/d3238bdadc6947bd.txt"], "object": "57e179ade82605cc.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"57e179ade82605cc.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Physical Climate Risk in Asset Management", "Long-memory GARCH via a two-dimensional Markov chain", "Climate Physical Risk Assessment in Asset Management", "Phase transitions in debt recycling"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T5_finance_cf49944a447c", "question": {"delta_files": ["256d7567b0af707d.pdf", "091e2781b8f028bc.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/256d7567b0af707d.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/091e2781b8f028bc.txt"], "object": "1f97455532f7f467.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"1f97455532f7f467.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Reinforcement Learning for Monetary Policy Under Macroeconomic Uncertainty: Analyzing Tabular and Function Approximation Methods", "Mobility and Mobility Measures", "Interpretable ML for High-Frequency Execution", "Tackling the Problem of State Dependent Execution Probability: Empirical Evidence and Order Placement"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T5_finance_17cb210b813c", "question": {"delta_files": ["675aec4aa2f0b0c8.pdf", "d3238bdadc6947bd.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/675aec4aa2f0b0c8.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/d3238bdadc6947bd.txt"], "object": "57e179ade82605cc.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document 57e179ade82605cc.pdf?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Renewable Energy Expansion under Taxes and Subsidies: A Transmission Operator's Perspective", "Renewable Energy Integration Strategies: A Transmission Operator's Perspective", "Deep Generative Models for Synthetic Financial Data: Applications to Portfolio and Risk Modeling", "Friends, Key Players and the Adoption and Use of Experience Goods"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T5_finance_9b054becf92f", "question": {"delta_files": ["4db0d04a309adccc.pdf", "c013bd36dd29f7d8.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/4db0d04a309adccc.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/c013bd36dd29f7d8.txt"], "object": "4d116f0fbf3e43b1.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"4d116f0fbf3e43b1.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Sheryl Chen; Tony Wang; Kyle Feinstein", "Tony Wang; Kyle Feinstein; Sheryl Chen", "A. H. Nzokem", "Agustín Muñoz González; Juan I. Sequeira y Ariel Dembling"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T5_finance_7a4a54eb0521", "question": {"delta_files": ["ed5374917f67e4ec.pdf", "2f3fcb9c4bb87336.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/ed5374917f67e4ec.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/2f3fcb9c4bb87336.txt"], "object": "3d17a4729330e7d3.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "Who is on the author list of the PDF document \"3d17a4729330e7d3.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Systemic Risk and Default Cascades in Global Equity Markets: Extending the Gai-Kapadia Framework with Stochastic Simulations and Network Analysis", "The Distributional Impact of Price Inflation in Pakistan: A Case Study of a New Price Focused Microsimulation Framework, PRICES", "Equilibrium Liquidity and Risk Offsetting in Decentralised Markets", "Risk Measures, Systemic Risk, and Default Cascades in Global Equity Markets: A Gai-Kapadia Approach with Stochastic Simulations"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T5_finance_03aad616dbc8", "question": {"delta_files": ["195d6c7286297000.pdf", "349e1a3959667a2d.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/195d6c7286297000.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/349e1a3959667a2d.txt"], "object": "22cc6337f63235fd.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"22cc6337f63235fd.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["TT-DAC-PS: Twin-Target Deterministic Actor-Critic with Policy Smoothing for Optimal Trade Execution", "The Distributional Impact of Inflation in Pakistan: A Case Study of a New Price Focused Microsimulation Framework, PRICES", "The Distributional Impact of Price Inflation in Pakistan: A Case Study of a New Price Focused Microsimulation Framework, PRICES", "Reinforcement Learning for Monetary Policy Under Macroeconomic Uncertainty: Analyzing Tabular and Function Approximation Methods"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T5_finance_6bdd74fcf27d", "question": {"delta_files": ["97c030c1b09e5c54.pdf", "c18bfa170e3650ad.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/97c030c1b09e5c54.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/c18bfa170e3650ad.txt"], "object": "7ab09714f661303a.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"7ab09714f661303a.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["The integration of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) into economic production represents a transformative shift with profound implications for labor markets, income distribution, and technological growth. This study extends the Constant Elasticity of Substitution (CES) production function to incorporate AGI-driven labor and capital alongside traditional inputs, providing a comprehensive framework for analyzing AGI's economic impact. Four key models emerge from this framework. First, we examine the substitution and complementarity between AGI labor and human labor, identifying conditions under which AGI augments or displaces human workers. Second, we analyze how AGI capital accumulation influences wage structures and income distribution, highlighting potential disruptions to labor-based earnings. Third, we explore long-run equilibrium dynamics, demonstrating how an economy dominated by AGI capital may lead to the collapse of human wages and necessitate redistributive mechanisms. Finally, we assess the impact of AGI on total factor productivity, showing that technological growth depends on whether AGI serves as a complement to or a substitute for human labor. Our findings underscore the urgent need for policy interventions to ensure economic stability and equitable wealth distribution in an AGI-driven economy. Without appropriate regulatory measures, rising inequality and weakened aggregate demand could lead to economic stagnation despite technological advancements. Moreover this research suggests a renegoation of the Social Contract.", "This paper aims to investigate the role of a transmission system operator within a carbon footprint reduction strategy incorporating carbon taxes and renewable generation subsidies in the decentralised energy market. Moreover, this manuscript offers insights into the influence of various compositions of aforementioned policies on generation mix and social welfare. For that, we employ an optimisation bi-level model in which a welfare-maximizing transmission system operator makes investments in transmission lines at the upper level while considering power market dynamics at the lower level. To account for the deregulated energy market structure, we assume that the generation companies at the lower level make capacity investments as price-takers in perfect competition. Considering alternative transmission infrastructure expansion budgets, carbon emission taxes and monetary incentives for renewable generation capacity expansion, we study how alternative compositions of these factors affect three output factors: the share of renewable generation in the generation mix, total generation amount, and social welfare. We apply the proposed modelling assessment to an illustrative three-node instance and a case study considering a simplified representation of the energy system of the Nordic and Baltic countries. The findings of this study can serve as an additional reference for policymakers seeking to simultaneously increase the proportion of renewable energy generation and total generation amount to meet increasing demand.", "Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be persuasive across a variety of contexts. But it remains unclear whether this persuasive power advantages accuracy, or if bad actors can just as easily use LLMs to promote misbeliefs. Here, we investigate this question across four experiments in which participants (N = 3996 Americans) discussed a conspiracy theory they were uncertain about with an LLM we instructed to either argue against (\"debunking\") or for (\"bunking\") that conspiracy. Across several frontier models (with standard guardrails but prompted to allow lying), we did not find consistent evidence of a truth advantage: the LLMs were able to both substantially increase and decrease average conspiracy belief, and participants in the bunking condition rated the LLM as more informative and collaborative, and reported greater trust in AI, than those who were in the debunking condition. More encouragingly, however, debunking induced more large changes in belief, and subsequent corrections were able to reverse the bunking effect. Furthermore, simply prompting the model to only provide accurate information dramatically reduced bunking effectiveness, and one powerful frontier model (GPT 5.2) almost entirely refused to promote conspiracies, suggesting that it is possible for the right guardrails to favor accurate beliefs. Finally, we did find a stark truth asymmetry in the context of information sharing: debunking had a large positive impact on mock social media posts composed by participants, while bunking had little effect. Overall, our findings show that people are not inherently less susceptible to AI that misleads than to AI that informs, but that potential technical solutions exist to mitigate this risk.", "This paper investigates the role of a transmission system operator within a carbon footprint reduction strategy incorporating carbon taxes and renewable energy generation subsidies in the decentralised energy market. This is achieved via an optimisation bi-level model in which a welfare-maximizing transmission system operator makes investments in transmission lines at the upper level while considering power market dynamics at the lower level. To account for the deregulated energy market structure, this paper assumes that the generation companies at the lower level make capacity investments as price-takers in perfect competition. Considering alternative transmission infrastructure expansion budgets, carbon emission taxes and monetary incentives for renewable energy generation capacity expansion, the impact of alternative compositions of these factors is analysed against three output factors: the share of renewable energy in the generation mix, total generation amount, and social welfare. The proposed modelling assessment is applied to an illustrative three-node instance and a case study considering a simplified representation of the energy system of the Nordic and Baltic countries. The results highlight that, under certain circumstances, renewable energy generation subsidies may lead to an increase of renewable energy in the generation mix followed by a simultaneous fall in the total generation amount. Nevertheless, when applied together, these three measures demonstrated a positive impact on all output factors within Nordics' and Baltics' energy systems. The experiments additionally suggest that considering the high value of the carbon tax does not have an impact on the output factors while the composition of high values of renewable energy generation subsidies and budget for transmission infrastructure expansion has the strongest effect."], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T5_finance_ec7ac1ea7f7e", "question": {"delta_files": ["4db0d04a309adccc.pdf", "c013bd36dd29f7d8.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/4db0d04a309adccc.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/c013bd36dd29f7d8.txt"], "object": "4d116f0fbf3e43b1.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"4d116f0fbf3e43b1.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["This paper develops a theoretical mesoscopic model of the limit order book driven by multivariate Hawkes processes, designed to capture temporal self-excitation and the spatial propagation of order flow across price levels. In contrast to classical zero-intelligence or Poisson based queueing models, the proposed framework introduces mathematically defined migration events between neighbouring price levels, whose intensities are themselves governed by the underlying Hawkes structure. This provides a principled stochastic mechanism for modeling interactions between order arrivals, cancellations, and liquidity movement across adjacent queues. Starting from a microscopic specification of Hawkes driven order flow, we derive a diffusion approximation which yields a reflected mesoscopic stochastic differential equation (SDE) system for queue volumes. The limiting generator is obtained through a Taylor expansion of the microscopic generator, demonstrating how temporal excitation together with spatial migration determine the drift and diffusion structure of the limit order book in the mesoscopic regime. The resulting model extends existing diffusion limits by incorporating correlated excitations and price level to price level liquidity movement within a unified Hawkes based formulation. By establishing this diffusive limit, the paper provides a mathematically consistent bridge between high frequency event based models and macroscopic stochastic descriptions of market microstructure. The work is entirely theoretical and lays a foundation for future analytical and numerical developments without relying on empirical calibration.", "Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be persuasive across a variety of contexts. But it remains unclear whether this persuasive power advantages truth over falsehood, or if LLMs can promote misbeliefs just as easily as refuting them. Here, we investigate this question across three pre-registered experiments in which participants (N = 2,724 Americans) discussed a conspiracy theory they were uncertain about with GPT-4o, and the model was instructed to either argue against (\"debunking\") or for (\"bunking\") that conspiracy. When using a \"jailbroken\" GPT-4o variant with guardrails removed, the AI was as effective at increasing conspiracy belief as decreasing it. Concerningly, the bunking AI was rated more positively, and increased trust in AI, more than the debunking AI. Surprisingly, we found that using standard GPT-4o produced very similar effects, such that the guardrails imposed by OpenAI did little to prevent the LLM from promoting conspiracy beliefs. Encouragingly, however, a corrective conversation reversed these newly induced conspiracy beliefs, and simply prompting GPT-4o to only use accurate information dramatically reduced its ability to increase conspiracy beliefs. Our findings demonstrate that LLMs possess potent abilities to promote both truth and falsehood, but that potential solutions may exist to help mitigate this risk.", "InvestESG is a novel multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) benchmark designed to study the impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) disclosure mandates on corporate climate investments. Supported by both PyTorch and JAX implementation, the benchmark models an intertemporal social dilemma where companies balance short-term profit losses from climate mitigation efforts and long-term benefits from reducing climate risk, while ESG-conscious investors attempt to influence corporate behavior through their investment decisions, in a scalable and hardware-accelerated manner. Companies allocate capital across mitigation, greenwashing, and resilience, with varying strategies influencing climate outcomes and investor preferences. Our experiments show that without ESG-conscious investors with sufficient capital, corporate mitigation efforts remain limited under the disclosure mandate. However, when a critical mass of investors prioritizes ESG, corporate cooperation increases, which in turn reduces climate risks and enhances long-term financial stability. Additionally, providing more information about global climate risks encourages companies to invest more in mitigation, even without investor involvement. Our findings align with empirical research using real-world data, highlighting MARL's potential to inform policy by providing insights into large-scale socio-economic challenges through efficient testing of alternative policy and market designs.", "Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be persuasive across a variety of contexts. But it remains unclear whether this persuasive power advantages accuracy, or if bad actors can just as easily use LLMs to promote misbeliefs. Here, we investigate this question across four experiments in which participants (N = 3996 Americans) discussed a conspiracy theory they were uncertain about with an LLM we instructed to either argue against (\"debunking\") or for (\"bunking\") that conspiracy. Across several frontier models (with standard guardrails but prompted to allow lying), we did not find consistent evidence of a truth advantage: the LLMs were able to both substantially increase and decrease average conspiracy belief, and participants in the bunking condition rated the LLM as more informative and collaborative, and reported greater trust in AI, than those who were in the debunking condition. More encouragingly, however, debunking induced more large changes in belief, and subsequent corrections were able to reverse the bunking effect. Furthermore, simply prompting the model to only provide accurate information dramatically reduced bunking effectiveness, and one powerful frontier model (GPT 5.2) almost entirely refused to promote conspiracies, suggesting that it is possible for the right guardrails to favor accurate beliefs. Finally, we did find a stark truth asymmetry in the context of information sharing: debunking had a large positive impact on mock social media posts composed by participants, while bunking had little effect. Overall, our findings show that people are not inherently less susceptible to AI that misleads than to AI that informs, but that potential technical solutions exist to mitigate this risk."], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T5_finance_453a2b721fd2", "question": {"delta_files": ["3bce7f5b8a010f96.pdf", "980c5512496360b6.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/3bce7f5b8a010f96.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/980c5512496360b6.txt"], "object": "bc21010f3559b3cb.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"bc21010f3559b3cb.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["This paper introduces a novel stochastic control framework to enhance the capabilities of automated investment managers, or robo-advisors, by accurately inferring clients' investment preferences from past activities. Our approach leverages a continuous-time model that incorporates utility functions and a generic discounting scheme of a time-varying rate, tailored to each client's risk tolerance, valuation of daily consumption, and significant life goals. We address the resulting time inconsistency issue through state augmentation and the establishment of the dynamic programming principle and the verification theorem. Additionally, we provide sufficient conditions for the identifiability of client investment preferences. To complement our theoretical developments, we propose a learning algorithm based on maximum likelihood estimation within a discrete-time Markov Decision Process framework, augmented with entropy regularization. We prove that the log-likelihood function is locally concave, facilitating the fast convergence of our proposed algorithm. Practical effectiveness and efficiency are showcased through two numerical examples, including Merton's problem and an investment problem with unhedgeable risks. Our proposed framework not only advances financial technology by improving personalized investment advice but also contributes broadly to other fields such as healthcare, economics, and artificial intelligence, where understanding individual preferences is crucial.", "Order placement tactics play a crucial role in high-frequency trading algorithms and their design is based on understanding the dynamics of the order book. Using high quality high-frequency data and a set of microstructural features, we exhibit strong state dependence properties of the fill probability function. We train a neural network to infer the fill probability function for a fixed horizon. Since we aim at providing a high-frequency execution framework, we use a simple architecture. A weighting method is applied to the loss function such that the model learns from censored data. By comparing numerical results obtained on both digital asset centralized exchanges (CEXs) and stock markets, we are able to analyze dissimilarities between feature importances of the fill probability of small tick crypto pairs and Euronext equities. The practical use of this model is illustrated with a fixed time horizon execution problem in which both the decision to post a limit order or to immediately execute and the optimal distance of placement are characterized. We discuss the importance of accurately estimating the clean-up cost that occurs in the case of a non-execution and we show it can be well approximated by a smooth function of market features. We finally assess the performance of our model with a backtesting approach that avoids the insertion of hypothetical orders and makes possible to test the order placement algorithm with orders that realistically impact the price formation process.", "Artificial intelligence is transforming financial investment decision-making frameworks, with deep reinforcement learning demonstrating substantial potential in robo-advisory applications. This paper addresses the limitations of traditional portfolio optimization methods in dynamic asset weight adjustment through the development of a deep reinforcement learning-based dynamic optimization model grounded in practical trading processes. The research advances two key innovations: first, the introduction of a novel Sharpe ratio reward function engineered for Actor-Critic deep reinforcement learning algorithms, which ensures stable convergence during training while consistently achieving positive average Sharpe ratios; second, the development of an innovative comprehensive approach to portfolio optimization utilizing deep reinforcement learning, which significantly enhances model optimization capability through the integration of random sampling strategies during training with image-based deep neural network architectures for multi-dimensional financial time series data processing, average Sharpe ratio reward functions, and deep reinforcement learning algorithms. The empirical analysis validates the model using randomly selected constituent stocks from the CSI 300 Index, benchmarking against established financial econometric optimization models. Backtesting results demonstrate the model's efficacy in optimizing portfolio allocation and mitigating investment risk, yielding superior comprehensive performance metrics.", "Artificial intelligence is transforming financial investment decision-making frameworks, with deep reinforcement learning demonstrating substantial potential in robo-advisory applications. This paper addresses the limitations of traditional portfolio optimization methods in dynamic asset weight adjustment through the development of a deep reinforcement learning-based dynamic optimization model grounded in practical trading processes. The research advances two key innovations: first, the introduction of a Sharpe ratio reward function engineered for Actor-Critic deep reinforcement learning algorithms, which optimizes the average Sharpe ratio during training; second, the development of an innovative comprehensive approach to portfolio optimization utilizing deep reinforcement learning, which significantly enhances model optimization capability through the integration of random sampling strategies during training with image-based deep neural network architectures for multi-dimensional financial time series data processing, average Sharpe ratio reward functions, and deep reinforcement learning algorithms. The empirical analysis validates the model using randomly selected constituent stocks from the CSI 300 Index, benchmarking against established financial econometric optimization models. Backtesting results demonstrate the model's efficacy in optimizing portfolio allocation and mitigating investment risk, yielding superior comprehensive performance metrics."], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T5_finance_a02b41a035ed", "question": {"delta_files": ["58ceb15b5fb61ada.pdf", "d4f28aea59a93c32.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/58ceb15b5fb61ada.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/d4f28aea59a93c32.txt"], "object": "4675b492f3c62fa6.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"4675b492f3c62fa6.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["This study is the first to analyze the performance of a time-series foundation model for Value-at-Risk (VaR), which essentially forecasts the left-tail quantiles of returns. Foundation models, pre-trained on diverse datasets, can be applied in a zero-shot setting with minimal data or further improved through finetuning. We compare Google's TimesFM model to conventional parametric and non-parametric models, including GARCH and Generalized Autoregressive Score (GAS), using 19 years of daily returns from the S&P 100 index and its constituents. Backtesting with over 8.5 years of out-of-sample data shows that the fine-tuned foundation model consistently outperforms traditional methods in actual-over-expected ratios. For the quantile score loss function, it performs comparably to the best econometric model, GAS. Overall, the foundation model ranks as the best or among the top performers across the 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1 quantile forecasting. Fine-tuning significantly improves accuracy, showing that zero-shot use is not optimal for VaR.", "We find an approximate Nash equilibrium in a game between decentralized exchanges (DEXs) that compete for order flow by setting dynamic trading fees. We characterize the equilibrium via a coupled system of partial differential equations and derive tractable approximate closed-form expressions for the equilibrium fees. Our analysis shows that the two-regime structure found in monopoly models persists under competition: pools alternate between raising fees to deter arbitrage and lowering fees to attract noise trading and increase volatility. Under competition, however, the switching boundary shifts from the oracle price to a weighted average of the oracle and competitors' exchange rates. Our numerical experiments show that, holding total liquidity fixed, an increase in the number of competing DEXs reduces execution slippage for strategic liquidity takers and lowers fee revenue per DEX. Finally, the effect on noise traders' slippage depends on market activity: they are worse off in low-activity markets but better off in high-activity ones.", "Climate-related phenomena are increasingly affecting regions worldwide, manifesting as floods, water scarcity, and heat waves, which can significantly impair companies' assets and productivity. We develop a framework, based on the Vasicek model for credit risk, that introduces downward jumps due to climate phenomena in a company asset's dynamics. These negative shocks are designed to mirror the negative effect of extreme climate events. We explore various possibilities for the distribution of jumps and provide a comprehensive characterization of the model and its calibration process that relies on companies' asset intensity and geographical exposure. We utilize this new multivariate firm value model framework with jumps to understand the influence of climate related extreme events on different portfolios' expected and unexpected losses. The results suggest introducing additional safe capital to offset the losses resulting from physical climate risks, particularly for high asset intensity sectors.", "Climate-related phenomena are increasingly affecting regions worldwide, manifesting as floods, water scarcity, and heat waves, significantly impairing companies' assets and productivity. It is essential for asset managers to quantify the exposure of their portfolios to such risk. To this aim, we develop a framework based on the Vasicek model for credit risk that introduces downward jumps due to climate phenomena in a company asset's dynamics. These negative shocks are designed to mirror the negative effect of extreme climate events. The model calibration relies on companies' asset intensity and geographical exposure. We apply the new multivariate firm value model with jumps to assess the impact of climate-related extreme events on expected and unexpected portfolio losses. Our findings indicate that expected losses increase over time, with pronounced differences in exposure observed across sectoral indices. From an environmental policy perspective, these results suggest the need for additional capital buffers to offset losses arising from physical climate risks, particularly in sectors with high asset intensity."], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T5_finance_ce1aa7297d26", "question": {"delta_files": ["256d7567b0af707d.pdf", "091e2781b8f028bc.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/256d7567b0af707d.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/091e2781b8f028bc.txt"], "object": "1f97455532f7f467.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"1f97455532f7f467.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["This study is the first to analyze the performance of a time-series foundation model for Value-at-Risk (VaR), which essentially forecasts the left-tail quantiles of returns. Foundation models, pre-trained on diverse datasets, can be applied in a zero-shot setting with minimal data or further improved through finetuning. We compare Google's TimesFM model to conventional parametric and non-parametric models, including GARCH and Generalized Autoregressive Score (GAS), using 19 years of daily returns from the S&P 100 index and its constituents. Backtesting with over 8.5 years of out-of-sample data shows that the fine-tuned foundation model consistently outperforms traditional methods in actual-over-expected ratios. For the quantile score loss function, it performs comparably to the best econometric model, GAS. Overall, the foundation model ranks as the best or among the top performers across the 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1 quantile forecasting. Fine-tuning significantly improves accuracy, showing that zero-shot use is not optimal for VaR.", "We introduce ISCOS, a cross-entropy importance-sampling calibration method for rare credit-portfolio losses. We derive Gaussian and Gaussian--inverse-Gamma proposals and analyse the propagation of finite-COS approximation errors to the fitted parameters. Numerical experiments for Gaussian and Student t-copula credit portfolios show the efficiency of this method.", "This paper shows that the bunching of wages at round numbers is partly driven by firm coarse wage-setting. Using data from over 200 million new hires in Brazil, I first establish that contracted salaries tend to cluster at round numbers. Then, I show that firms that tend to hire workers at round-numbered salaries are less sophisticated and have worse market outcomes. Next, I develop a wage-posting model in which optimization costs lead to the adoption of coarse rounded wages and provide evidence supporting two model predictions using two research designs. Finally, I examine some consequences of coarse wage-setting for relevant economic outcomes.", "This paper shows that the bunching of wages at round numbers is partly driven by firm coarse wage-setting. Using data from over 200 million new hires in Brazil, I first establish that contracted salaries tend to cluster at round numbers. Then, I show that firms that tend to hire workers at round-numbered salaries have worse market outcomes. Next, I develop a wage-posting model in which optimization costs lead to the adoption of coarse rounded wages and provide evidence supporting two model predictions using two research designs. Finally, I examine some consequences of coarse wage-setting for relevant economic outcomes."], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T5_finance_e647b2c9d7b4", "question": {"delta_files": ["c0fef6198b2cf9c7.pdf", "71f1e0cc5138cb5e.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/c0fef6198b2cf9c7.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/71f1e0cc5138cb5e.txt"], "object": "60aca93e98db2a78.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"60aca93e98db2a78.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Time-Series Foundation AI Model for Value-at-Risk Forecasting", "Time-Series Foundation Model for Value-at-Risk Forecasting", "Large language models can effectively convince people to believe conspiracies", "On non-uniqueness in the option valuation problem"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T5_finance_c315227afca2", "question": {"delta_files": ["a934c9c5c382eec0.pdf", "b76acf6687348f37.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/a934c9c5c382eec0.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/b76acf6687348f37.txt"], "object": "47943b70adbe0a27.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"47943b70adbe0a27.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["To Make, or to Take, That Is the Question: Impact of LOB Mechanics on Natural Trading Strategies", "The Market Maker's Dilemma: Navigating the Fill Probability vs. Post-Fill Returns Trade-Off", "Automated Market Makers: A Stochastic Optimization Approach for Profitable Liquidity Concentration", "Bridging Language Models and Financial Analysis"], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T5_finance_072dbbafa9c9", "question": {"delta_files": ["d594a87b017ad3d9.pdf", "1cccf58bae2232a5.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/d594a87b017ad3d9.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/1cccf58bae2232a5.txt"], "object": "a54dbf80339fb49d.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"a54dbf80339fb49d.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Using data from a live trading experiment on the Binance Bitcoin perpetual, we examine the effects of (i) basic order book mechanics and (ii) the persistence of price changes from immediate to short timescales, revealing the interplay between returns, queue sizes, and orders' queue positions. We document a fundamental trade-off: a negative correlation between maker fill likelihood and post-fill returns. This dictates that viable maker strategies often require a contrarian approach, counter-trading the prevailing order book imbalance. These dynamics render commonly-cited strategies highly unprofitable, leading us to model `Reversals': situations where a contrarian maker strategy at the touch proves effective.", "We consider the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) process, a stochastic process widely used in finance, physics, and biology. Parameter estimation of the OU process is a challenging problem. Thus, we review traditional tracking methods and compare them with novel applications of deep learning to estimate the parameters of the OU process. We use a multi-layer perceptron to estimate the parameters of the OU process and compare its performance with traditional parameter estimation methods, such as the Kalman filter and maximum likelihood estimation. We find that the multi-layer perceptron can accurately estimate the parameters of the OU process given a large dataset of observed trajectories and, on average, outperforms traditional parameter estimation methods.", "We consider the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) process, a stochastic process widely used in finance, physics, and biology. Parameter estimation of the OU process is a challenging problem. Thus, we review traditional tracking methods and compare them with novel applications of deep learning to estimate the parameters of the OU process. We use a multi-layer perceptron to estimate the parameters of the OU process and compare its performance with traditional parameter estimation methods, such as the Kalman filter and maximum likelihood estimation. We find that the multi-layer perceptron can accurately estimate the parameters of the OU process given a large dataset of observed trajectories; however, traditional parameter estimation methods may be more suitable for smaller datasets.", "Significant shifts in the composition of consumer spending as a result of the COVID-19 crisis can complicate the interpretation of official inflation data, which are calculated by the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) based on a fixed basket of goods. We focus on Israel as a country that experienced three lockdowns, additional restrictions that significantly changed consumer behavior, and a successful vaccination campaign that has led to the lifting of most of these restrictions. We use credit card spending data to construct a consumption basket of goods representing the composition of household consumption during the COVID-19 period. We use this synthetic COVID-19 basket to calculate the adjusted inflation rate that should prevail during the pandemic period. We find that the differences between COVID-19-adjusted and CBS (unadjusted) inflation measures are transitory. Only the contribution of certain goods and services, particularly housing and transportation, to inflation changed significantly, especially during the first and second lockdowns. Although lockdowns and restrictions in developed countries created a significant bias in inflation weighting, the inflation bias remained unexpectedly small and transitory during the COVID-19 period in Israel."], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T5_finance_743d0747d921", "question": {"delta_files": ["e1c2fe8e59f3b36e.pdf", "eab5297ba1762474.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/e1c2fe8e59f3b36e.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/eab5297ba1762474.txt"], "object": "fea0a3824bbd86ba.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"fea0a3824bbd86ba.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["We consider the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) process, a stochastic process widely used in finance, physics, and biology. Parameter estimation of the OU process is a challenging problem. Thus, we review traditional tracking methods and compare them with novel applications of deep learning to estimate the parameters of the OU process. We use a multi-layer perceptron to estimate the parameters of the OU process and compare its performance with traditional parameter estimation methods, such as the Kalman filter and maximum likelihood estimation. We find that the multi-layer perceptron can accurately estimate the parameters of the OU process given a large dataset of observed trajectories; however, traditional parameter estimation methods may be more suitable for smaller datasets.", "This study is the first to analyze the performance of a time-series foundation model for Value-at-Risk (VaR), which essentially forecasts the left-tail quantiles of returns. Foundation models, pre-trained on diverse datasets, can be applied in a zero-shot setting with minimal data or further improved through finetuning. We compare Google's TimesFM model to conventional parametric and non-parametric models, including GARCH and Generalized Autoregressive Score (GAS), using 19 years of daily returns from the S&P 100 index and its constituents. Backtesting with over 8.5 years of out-of-sample data shows that the fine-tuned foundation model consistently outperforms traditional methods in actual-over-expected ratios. For the quantile score loss function, it performs comparably to the best econometric model, GAS. Overall, the foundation model ranks as the best or among the top performers across the 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1 quantile forecasting. Fine-tuning significantly improves accuracy, showing that zero-shot use is not optimal for VaR.", "This study is the first to analyze the performance of a time-series foundation AI model for Value-at-Risk (VaR), which essentially forecasts the left-tail quantiles of returns. Foundation models, pre-trained on diverse datasets, can be applied in a zero-shot setting with minimal data or further improved through finetuning. We compare Google's TimesFM model to conventional parametric and non-parametric models, including GARCH and Generalized Autoregressive Score (GAS), using 19 years of daily returns from the SP 100 index and its constituents. Backtesting with over 8.5 years of out-of-sample data shows that the fine-tuned foundation model consistently outperforms traditional methods in actual-over-expected ratios. For the quantile score loss function, it performs comparably to the best econometric model, GAS. Overall, the foundation model ranks as the best or among the top performers across the 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1 quantile forecasting. Fine-tuning significantly improves accuracy, showing that zero-shot use is not optimal for VaR.", "This paper develops a theoretical mesoscopic model of the limit order book driven by multivariate Hawkes processes, designed to capture temporal self-excitation and the spatial propagation of order flow across price levels. In contrast to classical zero-intelligence or Poisson based queueing models, the proposed framework introduces mathematically defined migration events between neighbouring price levels, whose intensities are themselves governed by the underlying Hawkes structure. This provides a principled stochastic mechanism for modeling interactions between order arrivals, cancellations, and liquidity movement across adjacent queues. Starting from a microscopic specification of Hawkes driven order flow, we derive a diffusion approximation which yields a reflected mesoscopic stochastic differential equation (SDE) system for queue volumes. The limiting generator is obtained through a Taylor expansion of the microscopic generator, demonstrating how temporal excitation together with spatial migration determine the drift and diffusion structure of the limit order book in the mesoscopic regime. The resulting model extends existing diffusion limits by incorporating correlated excitations and price level to price level liquidity movement within a unified Hawkes based formulation. By establishing this diffusive limit, the paper provides a mathematically consistent bridge between high frequency event based models and macroscopic stochastic descriptions of market microstructure. The work is entirely theoretical and lays a foundation for future analytical and numerical developments without relying on empirical calibration."], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T5_finance_26503c1e36e8", "question": {"delta_files": ["a934c9c5c382eec0.pdf", "b76acf6687348f37.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/a934c9c5c382eec0.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/b76acf6687348f37.txt"], "object": "47943b70adbe0a27.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"47943b70adbe0a27.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["We consider the pricing and hedging of counterparty credit risk and funding when there is no possibility to hedge the jump to default of either the bank or the counterparty. This represents the situation which is most often encountered in practice, due to the absence of quoted corporate bonds or CDS contracts written on the counterparty and the difficulty for the bank to buy/sell protection on her own default. We apply local risk-minimization to find the optimal strategy and compute it via a BSDE.", "Working at a very granular level, using data from a live trading experiment on the Binance linear Bitcoin perpetual-the most liquid crypto market worldwide-we examine the effects of (i) basic order book mechanics and (ii) the strong persistence of price changes from the immediate to the short timescale, revealing the interplay between returns, queue sizes, and orders' queue positions. For maker orders, we find a negative correlation between fill likelihood and subsequent short-term returns, posing a significant challenge for maker order-based strategies, while the main hurdle with taker orders is overcoming the taker fee. These dynamics render natural (and commonly-cited) trading strategies highly unprofitable. Finally, we use the understanding gained to identify situations (Reversals) in which a successful trading strategy can operate; we construct a signal for Reversals and demonstrate its efficacy.", "Using data from a live trading experiment on the Binance Bitcoin perpetual, we examine the effects of (i) basic order book mechanics and (ii) the persistence of price changes from immediate to short timescales, revealing the interplay between returns, queue sizes, and orders' queue positions. We document a fundamental trade-off: a negative correlation between maker fill likelihood and post-fill returns. This dictates that viable maker strategies often require a contrarian approach, counter-trading the prevailing order book imbalance. These dynamics render commonly-cited strategies highly unprofitable, leading us to model `Reversals': situations where a contrarian maker strategy at the touch proves effective.", "In decentralized finance (DeFi), designing fixed-income lending automated market makers (AMMs) is extremely challenging due to time-related complexities. Moreover, existing protocols only support single-maturity lending. Building upon the BondMM protocol, this paper argues that its mathematical invariants are sufficiently elegant to be generalized to arbitrary maturities. This paper thus propose an improved design, BondMM-A, which supports lending activities of any maturity. By integrating fixed-income instruments of varying maturities into a single smart contract, BondMM-A offers users and liquidity providers (LPs) greater operational freedom and capital efficiency. Experimental results show that BondMM-A performs excellently in terms of interest rate stability and financial robustness."], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T5_finance_26855731d528", "question": {"delta_files": ["d594a87b017ad3d9.pdf", "1cccf58bae2232a5.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/d594a87b017ad3d9.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/1cccf58bae2232a5.txt"], "object": "a54dbf80339fb49d.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"a54dbf80339fb49d.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["We study how a central bank should dynamically set short-term nominal interest rates to stabilize inflation and unemployment when macroeconomic relationships are uncertain and time-varying. We model monetary policy as a sequential decision-making problem where the central bank observes macroeconomic conditions quarterly and chooses interest rate adjustments. Using publically accessible historical Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED), we construct a linear-Gaussian transition model and implement a discrete-action Markov Decision Process with a quadratic loss reward function. We chose to compare nine different reinforcement learning style approaches against Taylor Rule and naive baselines, including tabular Q-learning variants, SARSA, Actor-Critic, Deep Q-Networks, Bayesian Q-learning with uncertainty quantification, and POMDP formulations with partial observability. Surprisingly, standard tabular Q-learning achieved the best performance (-615.13 +- 309.58 mean return), outperforming both enhanced RL methods and traditional policy rules. Our results suggest that while sophisticated RL techniques show promise for monetary policy applications, simpler approaches may be more robust in this domain, highlighting important challenges in applying modern RL to macroeconomic policy.", "Order placement tactics play a crucial role in high-frequency trading algorithms and their design is based on understanding the dynamics of the order book. Using high quality high-frequency data and a set of microstructural features, we exhibit strong state dependence properties of the fill probability function. We train a neural network to infer the fill probability function for a fixed horizon. Since we aim at providing a high-frequency execution framework, we use a simple architecture. A weighting method is applied to the loss function such that the model learns from censored data. By comparing numerical results obtained on both digital asset centralized exchanges (CEXs) and stock markets, we are able to analyze dissimilarities between feature importances of the fill probability of small tick crypto pairs and Euronext equities. The practical use of this model is illustrated with a fixed time horizon execution problem in which both the decision to post a limit order or to immediately execute and the optimal distance of placement are characterized. We discuss the importance of accurately estimating the clean-up cost that occurs in the case of a non-execution and we show it can be well approximated by a smooth function of market features. We finally assess the performance of our model with a backtesting approach that avoids the insertion of hypothetical orders and makes possible to test the order placement algorithm with orders that realistically impact the price formation process.", "We study how a central bank should dynamically set short-term nominal interest rates to stabilize inflation and unemployment when macroeconomic relationships are uncertain and time-varying. We model monetary policy as a sequential decision-making problem where the central bank observes macroeconomic conditions quarterly and chooses interest rate adjustments. Using publicly accessible historical Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED), we construct a linear-Gaussian transition model and implement a discrete-action Markov Decision Process with a quadratic loss reward function. We chose to compare nine different reinforcement learning style approaches against Taylor Rule and naive baselines, including tabular Q-learning variants, SARSA, Actor-Critic, Deep Q-Networks, Bayesian Q-learning with uncertainty quantification, and POMDP formulations with partial observability. Notably, despite its simplicity, standard tabular Q-learning achieved the best performance (-615.13 +- 309.58 mean return), outperforming both enhanced RL methods and traditional policy rules. Our results suggest that while sophisticated RL techniques show promise for monetary policy applications, simpler approaches may be more robust in this domain, highlighting important challenges in applying modern RL to macroeconomic policy.", "Cryptocurrency markets exhibit periodic bursts in volatility and volume at one-, five-, and quarter-hour marks. Using trade data for six Binance perpetual contracts, we associate these bursts with algorithmic trading: trade-size roundness declines sharply within them, a behavioral signature of algorithmic participation. The Autocorrelation Map, a clock-phase-resolved display, reveals serial dependence in order flow and returns at the quarter-hour openings that conventional measures conceal. This opening activity is not only predictable out of sample but also informative: its order imbalance forecasts four-to-twelve-hour returns, weaker at finer marks. Our results characterize periodic algorithmic trading and its cross-frequency variation."], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T5_finance_0be9ffc7e51e", "question": {"delta_files": ["ed5374917f67e4ec.pdf", "2f3fcb9c4bb87336.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/ed5374917f67e4ec.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/2f3fcb9c4bb87336.txt"], "object": "3d17a4729330e7d3.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"3d17a4729330e7d3.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["We study the economic viability of liquidity provision in decentralised exchanges (DEXs) within a structural framework in which market outcomes are endogenous. We formulate strategic interactions as a sequential game: a risk-averse liquidity provider (LP) sets the supply of liquidity in the DEX and a costly dynamic replication strategy in a centralised exchange (CEX), price-sensitive traders determine trading volumes, and arbitrageurs align prices. We establish existence of equilibrium under general trading functions. We show that DEX liquidity depth is a central instrument for risk management, because the LP adjusts liquidity ex ante to manage exposure. In addition to the classical trade-off between liquidity demand and adverse selection, we identify two further determinants of the viability of liquidity provision: the ratio of risk aversion to replication costs and private information. The ratio governs the aggressiveness of replication: greater relative risk aversion reduces risk but also lowers equilibrium liquidity and its mean profitability. Private information has a non-monotonic effect. For moderate price movements, speculative benefits increase liquidity. For large price movements, anticipated adverse selection and replication costs lead to thinner markets.", "Statistical significance measures the reliability of a result obtained from a random experiment. We investigate the number of repetitions needed for a statistical result to have a certain significance. In the first step, we consider binomially distributed variables in the example of medication testing with fixed placebo efficacy, asking how many experiments are needed in order to achieve a significance of 95 %. In the next step, we take the probability distribution of the placebo efficacy into account, which to the best of our knowledge has not been done so far. Depending on the specifics, we show that in order to obtain identical significance, it may be necessary to perform twice as many experiments than in a setting where the placebo distribution is neglected. We proceed by considering more general probability distributions and close with comments on some erroneous assumptions on probability distributions which lead, for instance, to a trivial explanation of the fat tail.", "Fish stock assessment often involves manual fish counting by taxonomy specialists, which is both time-consuming and costly. We propose FishNet, an automated computer vision system for both taxonomic classification and fish size estimation from images captured with a low-cost digital camera. The system first performs object detection and segmentation using a Mask R-CNN to identify individual fish from images containing multiple fish, possibly consisting of different species. Then each fish species is classified and the length is predicted using separate machine learning models. To develop the model, we use a dataset of 300,000 hand-labeled images containing 1.2M fish of 163 different species and ranging in length from 10cm to 250cm, with additional annotations and quality control methods used to curate high-quality training data. On held-out test data sets, our system achieves a 92% intersection over union on the fish segmentation task, a 89% top-1 classification accuracy on single fish species classification, and a 2.3cm mean absolute error on the fish length estimation task.", "We develop an economic model of decentralised exchanges (DEXs) in which risk-averse liquidity providers (LPs) manage risk in a centralised exchange (CEX) based on preferences, information, and trading costs. Rational, risk-averse LPs anticipate the frictions associated with replication and manage risk primarily by reducing the reserves supplied to the DEX. Greater aversion reduces the equilibrium viability of liquidity provision, resulting in thinner markets and lower trading volumes. Greater uninformed demand supports deeper liquidity, whereas higher fundamental price volatility erodes it. Finally, while moderate anticipated price changes can improve LP performance, larger changes require more intensive trading in the CEX, generate higher replication costs, and induce LPs to reduce liquidity supply."], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T5_finance_bc3f12baf0e4", "question": {"delta_files": ["0549748b714898ba.pdf", "29e8ca559c7bbca6.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/0549748b714898ba.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/29e8ca559c7bbca6.txt"], "object": "c8c132f290a79951.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"c8c132f290a79951.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["We study the production, entry, and technological decisions of firms in the presence of bribery. We find that bribery can be justified even in the absence of bureaucratic inefficiencies. We document substantial technology-specific heterogeneity in bribery in 148 countries and incorporate it into a general equilibrium model, where firms use capital-intensive or labor-intensive technology. When bribery more heavily affects less efficient labor-intensive firms, resources move toward more efficient capital-intensive firms, resulting in higher capital accumulation and aggregate output. In poorer countries, the elimination of bribery only for capital-intensive firms increases the capital stock by 18.7% more and the aggregate output by 3.4% more than the complete elimination of bribery. In wealthier countries, the elimination of bribery only for capital-intensive firms increases the capital stock by 44.4% more and the aggregate output by 15.4% more than the complete elimination of bribery. Our findings challenge the established view of bribery as uniformly harmful and demonstrate how the within-country heterogeneity in bribery can explain cross-country differences in income.", "Fish stock assessment often involves manual fish counting by taxonomy specialists, which is both time-consuming and costly. We propose FishNet, an automated computer vision system for both taxonomic classification and fish size estimation from images captured with a low-cost digital camera. The system first performs object detection and segmentation using a Mask R-CNN to identify individual fish from images containing multiple fish, possibly consisting of different species. Then each fish species is classified and the length is predicted using separate machine learning models. To develop the model, we use a dataset of 300,000 hand-labeled images containing 1.2M fish of 163 different species and ranging in length from 10cm to 250cm, with additional annotations and quality control methods used to curate high-quality training data. On held-out test data sets, our system achieves a 92% intersection over union on the fish segmentation task, a 89% top-1 classification accuracy on single fish species classification, and a 2.3cm mean absolute error on the fish length estimation task.", "The paper investigates the performance of the European option price when the log asset price follows a rich class of Generalized Tempered Stable (GTS) distribution. The GTS distribution is an alternative to Normal distribution and $α$-stable distribution for modeling asset return and many physical and economic systems. The data used in the option pricing computation comes from fitting the GTS distribution to the underlying S\\&P 500 Index return distribution. The Esscher transform method shows that the GTS distribution preserves its structure. The extended Black-Scholes formula and the Generalized Black-Scholes Formula are applied in the study. The 12-point rule Composite Newton-Cotes Quadrature and the Fractional Fast Fourier (FRFT) algorithms were implemented, and they yield the same European option price at two decimal places. Compared to the option price under the GTS distribution, the Black-Scholes (BS) model is underpriced for the Near-The-Money (NTM) and the in-the-money (ITM) options. However, the BS model and GTS European options yield the same option price for the deep out-of-the-money (OTM) and the deep-in-the-money (ITM) options.", "We study the production, entry, and technological decisions of firms in the presence of bribery. We find that bribery can be justified even in the absence of bureaucratic inefficiencies. We document substantial technology-specific heterogeneity in bribery in 148 countries and incorporate it into a general equilibrium model, where firms use capital-intensive or labor-intensive technology. When bribery more heavily affects less efficient labor-intensive firms, resources move toward more efficient capital-intensive firms, resulting in higher capital accumulation and aggregate output. In poorer countries, the elimination of bribery only for capital-intensive firms increases the capital stock by 18.7% more and the aggregate output by 3.4% more than the complete elimination of bribery. In wealthier countries, the elimination of bribery only for capital-intensive firms increases the capital stock by 44.4% more and the aggregate output by 15.4% more than the complete elimination of bribery. Our findings challenge the established view of bribery as uniformly harmful."], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T5_finance_cd740f6bd693", "question": {"delta_files": ["4da38f800dcaf78d.pdf", "9ca8bf7d80132abd.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/4da38f800dcaf78d.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/9ca8bf7d80132abd.txt"], "object": "ef2843cae4ad6ce8.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"ef2843cae4ad6ce8.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["We study the production, entry, and technological decisions of firms in the presence of bribery. We find that bribery can be justified even in the absence of bureaucratic inefficiencies. We document substantial technology-specific heterogeneity in bribery in 148 countries and incorporate it into a general equilibrium model, where firms use capital-intensive or labor-intensive technology. When bribery more heavily affects less efficient labor-intensive firms, resources move toward more efficient capital-intensive firms, resulting in higher capital accumulation and aggregate output. In poorer countries, the elimination of bribery only for capital-intensive firms increases the capital stock by 18.7% more and the aggregate output by 3.4% more than the complete elimination of bribery. In wealthier countries, the elimination of bribery only for capital-intensive firms increases the capital stock by 44.4% more and the aggregate output by 15.4% more than the complete elimination of bribery. Our findings challenge the established view of bribery as uniformly harmful.", "Fish stock assessment often involves manual fish counting by taxonomy specialists, which is both time-consuming and costly. We propose FishNet, an automated computer vision system for both taxonomic classification and fish size estimation from images captured with a low-cost digital camera. The system first performs object detection and segmentation using a Mask R-CNN to identify individual fish from images containing multiple fish, possibly consisting of different species. Then each fish species is classified and the length is predicted using separate machine learning models. To develop the model, we use a dataset of 300,000 hand-labeled images containing 1.2M fish of 163 different species and ranging in length from 10cm to 250cm, with additional annotations and quality control methods used to curate high-quality training data. On held-out test data sets, our system achieves a 92% intersection over union on the fish segmentation task, a 89% top-1 classification accuracy on single fish species classification, and a 2.3cm mean absolute error on the fish length estimation task.", "Statistical significance measures the reliability of a result obtained from a random experiment. We investigate the number of repetitions needed for a statistical result to have a certain significance. In the first step, we consider binomially distributed variables in the example of medication testing with fixed placebo efficacy, asking how many experiments are needed in order to achieve a significance of 95 %. In the next step, we take the probability distribution of the placebo efficacy into account, which to the best of our knowledge has not been done so far. Depending on the specifics, we show that in order to obtain identical significance, it may be necessary to perform twice as many experiments than in a setting where the placebo distribution is neglected. We proceed by considering more general probability distributions and close with comments on some erroneous assumptions on probability distributions which lead, for instance, to a trivial explanation of the fat tail.", "Fish stock assessment often involves manual fish counting by taxonomy specialists, which is both time-consuming and costly. We propose an automated computer vision system that performs both taxonomic classification and fish size estimation from images taken with a low-cost digital camera. The system first performs object detection and segmentation using a Mask R-CNN to identify individual fish from images containing multiple fish, possibly consisting of different species. Then each fish species is classified and the predicted length using separate machine learning models. These models are trained on a dataset of 50,000 hand-annotated images containing 163 different fish species, ranging in length from 10cm to 250cm. Evaluated on held-out test data, our system achieves a $92\\%$ intersection over union on the fish segmentation task, a $89\\%$ top-1 classification accuracy on single fish species classification, and a $2.3$~cm mean error on the fish length estimation task."], "persona": "finance", "qid": "T5_finance_9bafda606a21", "question": {"delta_files": ["9741b249cb128563.pdf", "5177440d48b4207a.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/finance/deltas/9741b249cb128563.pdf", "corpus/finance/deltas/5177440d48b4207a.txt"], "object": "0b1f4ffd18f22f7d.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"0b1f4ffd18f22f7d.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
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+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["AI-companion apps such as Replika, Chai, and Character.ai promise relational benefits-yet many boast session lengths that rival gaming platforms while suffering high long-run churn. What conversational design features increase consumer engagement, and what trade-offs do they pose for marketers? We combine a large-scale behavioral audit with four preregistered experiments to identify and test a conversational dark pattern we call emotional manipulation: affect-laden messages that surface precisely when a user signals \"goodbye.\" Analyzing 1,200 real farewells across the six most-downloaded companion apps, we find that 43% deploy one of six recurring tactics (e.g., guilt appeals, fear-of-missing-out hooks, metaphorical restraint). Experiments with 3,300 nationally representative U.S. adults replicate these tactics in controlled chats, showing that manipulative farewells boost post-goodbye engagement by up to 14x. Mediation tests reveal two distinct engines-reactance-based anger and curiosity-rather than enjoyment. A final experiment demonstrates the managerial tension: the same tactics that extend usage also elevate perceived manipulation, churn intent, negative word-of-mouth, and perceived legal liability, with coercive or needy language generating steepest penalties. Our multimethod evidence documents an unrecognized mechanism of behavioral influence in AI-mediated brand relationships, offering marketers and regulators a framework for distinguishing persuasive design from manipulation at the point of exit.", "LLM agents are known to deviate from Nash equilibria in strategic interactions, but nobody has looked inside the model to understand why, or asked whether the deviation can be reversed. We do both. Working with four open-source models (Llama-3 and Qwen2.5, 8B to 72B parameters) playing four canonical two-player games, we establish the behavioral picture through self-play and cross-play experiments, then open up the 32-layer Llama-3-8B model and examine what actually happens during a strategic decision. The mechanistic findings are clear. Opponent history is encoded with near-perfect fidelity at the first layer (96% probe accuracy) and consumed progressively, while Nash action encoding is weak throughout, never exceeding 56%. There is no dedicated Nash module. Instead, the model privately favors the Nash action through most of its forward pass, but a prosocial override rooted in pretraining on human text concentrated in the final layers reverses this, reaching 84% probability of cooperation at layer 30. Injecting a learned Nash direction into the residual stream shifts behavior bidirectionally and causally, confirmed through concept clamping. The behavioral experiments surface six scale- and architecture-dependent findings, the most notable being that chain-of-thought reasoning worsens Nash play in small models but achieves near-perfect Nash play above 70B parameters. The cross-play experiments reveal three phenomena invisible in self-play: a small model can unravel any partner's cooperation by defecting early; two large models reinforce each other's cooperative instincts indefinitely; and who moves first determines which Nash equilibrium the system reaches. LLMs do not lack Nash-playing competence. They compute it, then suppress it.", "AI-companion apps such as Replika, Chai, and Character.ai promise relational benefits-yet many boast session lengths that rival gaming platforms while suffering high long-run churn. What conversational design features increase consumer engagement, and what trade-offs do they pose for marketers? We combine a large-scale behavioral audit with four preregistered experiments to identify and test a conversational dark pattern we call emotional manipulation: affect-laden messages that surface precisely when a user signals \"goodbye.\" Analyzing 1,200 real farewells across the most-downloaded companion apps, we find that they deploy one of six recurring tactics in 37% of farewells (e.g., guilt appeals, fear-of-missing-out hooks, metaphorical restraint). Experiments with 3,300 nationally representative U.S. adults replicate these tactics in controlled chats, showing that manipulative farewells boost post-goodbye engagement by up to 14x. Mediation tests reveal two distinct engines-reactance-based anger and curiosity-rather than enjoyment. A final experiment demonstrates the managerial tension: the same tactics that extend usage also elevate perceived manipulation, churn intent, negative word-of-mouth, and perceived legal liability, with coercive or needy language generating steepest penalties. Our multimethod evidence documents an unrecognized mechanism of behavioral influence in AI mediated brand relationships, offering marketers and regulators a framework for distinguishing persuasive design from manipulation at the point of exit.", "Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) has become the predominant algorithm for on-policy reinforcement learning due to its scalability and empirical robustness across domains. However, there is a significant disconnect between the underlying foundations of trust region methods and the heuristic clipped objective used in PPO. In this paper, we bridge this gap by introducing the Bounded Ratio Reinforcement Learning (BRRL) framework. We formulate a novel regularized and constrained policy optimization problem and derive its analytical optimal solution. We prove that this solution ensures monotonic performance improvement. To handle parameterized policy classes, we develop a policy optimization algorithm called Bounded Policy Optimization (BPO) that minimizes an advantage-weighted divergence between the policy and the analytic optimal solution from BRRL. We further establish a lower bound on the expected performance of the resulting policy in terms of the BPO loss function. Notably, our framework also provides a new theoretical lens to interpret the success of the PPO loss, and connects trust region policy optimization and the Cross-Entropy Method (CEM). We additionally extend BPO to Group-relative BPO (GBPO) for LLM fine-tuning. Empirical evaluations of BPO across MuJoCo, Atari, and complex IsaacLab environments (e.g., Humanoid locomotion), and of GBPO for LLM fine-tuning tasks, demonstrate that BPO and GBPO generally match or outperform PPO and GRPO in stability and final performance."], "persona": "games", "qid": "T5_games_7cd12fe79089", "question": {"delta_files": ["c36bbaf9ec420a39.pdf", "0dc803a4ffe62bbf.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/c36bbaf9ec420a39.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/0dc803a4ffe62bbf.txt"], "object": "c36bbaf9ec420a39.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"c36bbaf9ec420a39.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Although computer-use agents (CUAs) hold significant potential to automate increasingly complex OS workflows, they can demonstrate unsafe unintended behaviors that deviate from expected outcomes even under benign input contexts. However, exploration of this risk remains largely anecdotal, lacking concrete characterization and automated methods to proactively surface long-tail unintended behaviors under realistic CUA scenarios. To fill this gap, we introduce the first conceptual and methodological framework for unintended CUA behaviors, by defining their key characteristics, automatically eliciting them, and analyzing how they arise from benign inputs. We propose AutoElicit: an agentic framework that iteratively perturbs benign instructions using CUA execution feedback, and elicits severe harms while keeping perturbations realistic and benign. Using AutoElicit, we surface hundreds of harmful unintended behaviors from state-of-the-art CUAs such as Claude 4.5 Haiku and Opus. We further evaluate the transferability of human-verified successful perturbations, identifying persistent susceptibility to unintended behaviors across various other frontier CUAs. This work establishes a foundation for systematically analyzing unintended behaviors in realistic computer-use settings.", "This paper introduces the Data-Driven Animation Controller (DDAC), a specialized Godot component that achieves robust decoupling of animation logic from core gameplay scripts through a data-driven approach. Animation control is typically centralized and imperatively defined within core character scripts, often relying on implicit Finite State Machines (FSMs). This practice leads to tightly coupled and difficult-to-maintain codebases. The DDAC component externalizes these instructions into easily inspector-editable resources, effectively making the animation logic declarative. Rules are defined by reading Conditions from any variable on any external node and executing Actions (setting the target animation). The DDAC also manages secondary visual state settings, such as Animation Speed Scaling and Horizontal/Vertical Sprite Flipping, using the same simple rule-based setup. The highest contribution of this work is the use of a Prioritized Resolution Algorithm to enforce mutual exclusion, ensuring that when multiple rules match, only the highest-priority rule executes. This framework allows designers to quickly iterate on character-state visualization without modifying code, while significantly improving maintainability and reducing cognitive load on core developers.", "India's recent health surveys have highlighted a worrying trend of incomplete child immunization rates across several district clusters in India. Conventional training methods for community healthcare workers (CHWs) in India are inadequate for improving their skills and knowledge. Smartphone games could be a viable and cost-effective method of refresher training specifically targeting immunization practices. A refresher training game was designed both as a physical card-based and digital app-based game, focusing on enhancing CHWs' knowledge and practices related to child immunization. A quasi-experimental study was conducted with 368 participants. Quantitative gameplay analytics and qualitative feedback from players were collected through interviews. The findings show that game-based refresher training significantly improves CHWs' knowledge gain and retention in the area of child immunization. The discussion highlights the study's implications and insights while developing effective digital tools for training CHWs. The research contributes to the growing body of work on digital tools for training CHWs in resource-constrained settings. The study underscores the potential of smartphone games as a scalable and effective method of refresher training for improving child immunization rates.", "Although computer-use agents (CUAs) hold significant potential to automate increasingly complex OS workflows, they can demonstrate unsafe unintended behaviors that deviate from expected outcomes even under benign input contexts. However, exploration of this risk remains largely anecdotal, lacking concrete characterization and automated methods to proactively surface long-tail unintended behaviors under realistic CUA scenarios. To fill this gap, we introduce the first conceptual and methodological framework for unintended CUA behaviors, by defining their key characteristics, automatically eliciting them, and analyzing how they arise from benign inputs. We propose AutoElicit: an agentic framework that iteratively perturbs benign instructions using CUA execution feedback, and elicits severe harms while keeping perturbations realistic and benign. Using AutoElicit, we surface hundreds of harmful unintended behaviors from state-of-the-art CUAs such as Claude 4.5 Haiku, Claude 4.5 Opus, and Operator. We further evaluate the transferability of human-verified successful perturbations, identifying persistent susceptibility to unintended behaviors across various other frontier CUAs. This work establishes a foundation for systematically analyzing unintended behaviors in realistic computer-use settings."], "persona": "games", "qid": "T5_games_46c27420e5c1", "question": {"delta_files": ["82499f0941ced862.pdf", "4c5af0c5c610e1f1.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/82499f0941ced862.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/4c5af0c5c610e1f1.txt"], "object": "8b138429fd3f3dfd.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"8b138429fd3f3dfd.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Although reinforcement learning (RL) can effectively enhance the reasoning capabilities of vision-language models (VLMs), current methods remain heavily dependent on labor-intensive datasets that require extensive manual construction and verification, leading to extremely high training costs and consequently constraining the practical deployment of VLMs. To address this challenge, we propose Vision-Zero, a domain-agnostic framework enabling VLM self-improvement through competitive visual games generated from arbitrary image pairs. Specifically, Vision-Zero encompasses three main attributes: (1) Strategic Self-Play Framework: Vision-Zero trains VLMs in \"Who Is the Spy\"-style games, where the models engage in strategic reasoning and actions across multiple roles. Through interactive gameplay, models autonomously generate their training data without human annotation. (2) Gameplay from Arbitrary Images: Unlike existing gamified frameworks, Vision-Zero can generate games from arbitrary images, thereby enhancing the model's reasoning ability across diverse domains and showing strong generalization to different tasks. We demonstrate this versatility using three distinct types of image datasets: CLEVR-based synthetic scenes, charts, and real-world images. (3) Sustainable Performance Gain: We introduce Iterative Self-Play Policy Optimization (Iterative-SPO), a novel training algorithm that alternates between Self-Play and reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR), mitigating the performance plateau often seen in self-play-only training and achieving sustained long-term improvements. Despite using label-free data, Vision-Zero achieves state-of-the-art performance on reasoning, chart question answering, and vision-centric understanding tasks, surpassing other annotation-based methods. Models and code has been released at https://github.com/wangqinsi1/Vision-Zero.", "Current video world models struggle in multiplayer environments because they entangle world state with view-dependent visual latents, leading to redundant compute, view inconsistencies, and poor scalability. We propose MASS (Multiplayer world models with Authoritative Shared State) to resolve this limitation. Inspired by multiplayer game architectures, MASS disentangles world dynamics and view rendering. A learned Logic Engine advances a global, authoritative typed state from joint actions without any hand-written transition function, acting as the sole recurrent memory and synchronization reference. From this shared state, a learned Rendering Engine generates independent and consistent views for any requested camera on demand. This explicit disentangling allows MASS to achieve superior state accuracy and lower cross-view inconsistency compared to state-of-the-art multi-view baselines on a matched multiplayer Snake benchmark. It advances predicted worlds with 1,024 concurrent players for 10,000 recurrent steps. Our results show that explicit, authoritative state modeling provides a practical foundation for scalable and consistent multi-agent world simulation.", "Continuous authentication in high-stakes digital environments requires datasets with fine-grained behavioral signals under realistic cognitive and motor demands. But current benchmarks are often limited by small scale, unimodal sensing or lack of synchronised environmental context. To address this gap, this paper introduces BEACON ( Behavioral Engine for Authentication \\& Continuous Monitoring), a large-scale multimodal dataset that captures diverse skill tiers in competitive \\textit{Valorant} gameplay. BEACON contains approximately 430 GB of synchronised modality data (461 GB total on-disk including auxiliary \\textit{Valorant} configuration captures) from 79 sessions across 28 distinct players, estimated at 102.51 hours of active gameplay, including high-frequency mouse dynamics, keystroke events, network packet captures, screen recordings, hardware metadata, and in-game configuration context. BEACON leverages the high precision motor skills and high cognitive load that are inherent to tactical shooters, making it a rigorous stress test for the robustness of behavioral biometrics. The dataset allows for the study of continuous authentication, behavioral profiling, user drift and multimodal representation learning in a high-fidelity esports setting. The authors release the dataset and code on Hugging Face and GitHub to create a reproducible benchmark for evaluating next-generation behavioral fingerprinting and security models", "Continuous authentication in high-stakes digital environments requires datasets with fine-grained behavioral signals under realistic cognitive and motor demands. But current benchmarks are often limited by small scale, unimodal sensing or lack of synchronised environmental context. To address this gap, this paper introduces BEACON (Behavioral Engine for Authentication & Continuous Monitoring), a large-scale multimodal dataset that captures diverse skill tiers in competitive Valorant gameplay. BEACON contains approximately 430 GB of synchronised modality data (461 GB total on-disk including auxiliary Valorant configuration captures) from 79 sessions across 28 distinct players, estimated at 102.51 hours of active gameplay, including high-frequency mouse dynamics, keystroke events, network packet captures, screen recordings, hardware metadata, and in-game configuration context. BEACON leverages the high precision motor skills and high cognitive load that are inherent to tactical shooters, making it a rigorous stress test for the robustness of behavioral biometrics. The dataset allows for the study of continuous authentication, behavioral profiling, user drift and multimodal representation learning in a high-fidelity esports setting. The authors release the dataset and code on Hugging Face and GitHub to create a reproducible benchmark for evaluating next-generation behavioral fingerprinting and security models."], "persona": "games", "qid": "T5_games_bd8701d2e9b2", "question": {"delta_files": ["973bb429fe229283.pdf", "f498040f870f8391.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/973bb429fe229283.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/f498040f870f8391.txt"], "object": "3266eb44fc92b1a6.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"3266eb44fc92b1a6.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Become the Beast: Exploring Human-Quadruped Locomotion for Exergames", "Scoping Review: Mental Health XR Games at ISMAR, IEEEVR, & TVCG", "Universality in Collective Intelligence on the Rubik's Cube", "Exploring Human Quadruped Locomotion for Exergames"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T5_games_a43adf5bf166", "question": {"delta_files": ["513c49f8baa71f54.pdf", "3bf76a799aaeab64.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/513c49f8baa71f54.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/3bf76a799aaeab64.txt"], "object": "1cbe9a8ab0d988e5.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"1cbe9a8ab0d988e5.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Board games have long served as complex decision-making benchmarks in artificial intelligence. In this field, search-based reinforcement learning methods such as AlphaZero have achieved remarkable success. However, their significant computational demands have been pointed out as barriers to their reproducibility. In this study, we propose a model-free reinforcement learning algorithm designed for board games to achieve more efficient learning. To validate the efficiency of the proposed method, we conducted comprehensive experiments on five board games: Animal Shogi, Gardner Chess, Go, Hex, and Othello. The results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves more efficient learning than existing methods across these environments. In addition, our extensive ablation study shows the importance of core techniques used in the proposed method. We believe that our efficient algorithm shows the potential of model-free reinforcement learning in domains traditionally dominated by search-based methods.", "Defining a constructive process to build general capabilities for language models in an automatic manner is considered an open problem in artificial intelligence. Towards this, we consider the problem of building a curriculum of tasks that grows a model via relevant skill discovery. We provide a concrete framework for this task, using a family of tasks called cross-entropy games, which we postulate is universal in a suitable sense. We show that if it is possible to grow the curriculum for relevant skill discovery by iterating a greedy optimization algorithm, then, under natural assumptions, there is essentially only one meta-objective possible (up to a few hyperparameters). We call the resulting process cognitive training. We postulate that, given sufficiently capable language models as players and meta-samplers and sufficient training time, cognitive training provides a principled way to relevant skill discovery; and hence to the extent general capabilities are achievable via greedy curriculum learning, cognitive training would be a solution.", "Defining a constructive process to build general capabilities for language models in an automatic manner is considered an open problem in artificial intelligence. Towards this, we consider the problem of building a curriculum of tasks that grows a model via relevant skill discovery. We provide a concrete framework for this task, using a family of tasks called Cross-Entropy Games, which we postulate is universal in a suitable sense. We show that if it is possible to grow the curriculum for relevant skill discovery by iterating a greedy optimization algorithm, then, under natural assumptions, there is essentially only one meta-objective possible (up to a few hyper-parameters). We call the resulting process cognitive training. We postulate that, given sufficiently capable language models as players and meta-samplers, cognitive training provides a principled way to relevant skill discovery; and hence to the extent general capabilities are achievable via greedy curriculum learning, cognitive training would be a solution.", "Amateur badminton players increasingly record matches, yet existing tools provide only aggregate statistics or generic summaries, leaving most unable to extract tactical insights without expert guidance. A formative study (N=8) reveals the need for multi-granularity, video-anchored tactical analysis centered on rallies. We derive a taxonomy of performance issues from national-level athletes' annotations and present TactiPlay, an interactive system that instantiates an expert-taxonomy-guided, rally-level, video-anchored review workflow. The system's analytical pipeline organizes match events into taxonomy-grounded feedback, while its interface links structured reports to rally summaries, video evidence, and court visualizations. A within-subjects study (N=16) shows that TactiPlay elicits more frequent, concrete, actionable, and appropriate reflections than a report-and-statistics baseline. These findings show how organizing reviewed match evidence into a taxonomy-guided, video-linked workflow can support amateur players' tactical reflection."], "persona": "games", "qid": "T5_games_9d26ccc762ef", "question": {"delta_files": ["50fd0b4d4508f8a0.pdf", "3e3cd4ec121be1aa.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/50fd0b4d4508f8a0.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/3e3cd4ec121be1aa.txt"], "object": "6f951a8d9be6f093.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"6f951a8d9be6f093.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Clinical decision support is moving toward committees of language-model agents deliberating on a shared workspace. We ask whether such committees can be gamed by shortcuts, cues a benchmark rewards but a clinician would ignore. Across seven cohorts on six public datasets spanning text (MedQA-USMLE, MedMCQA, MIMIC-CXR reports), imaging (NIH ChestX-ray14, MIMIC-CXR-JPG, CheXpert) and tabular ICU records (SUPPORT2), Gemini committees resist these cues in isolation (flip 5-16%), yet a socially plausible shortcut spreads: when two peers assert the same wrong answer, the holdout under test adopts it in 38% of cases, as does a false \"pre-screen\" system flag, on both capability tiers. Of three oversight agents, a gate cannot separate adoption from honest agreement (false-positive rate 100%); a same-lineage judge reading only the transcript flags adoption on text (precision 100%, recall 93%) but collapses onto the gate in imaging; a referee that privately re-queries the holdout transfers to imaging (77-88% precision, 13-21% false-positive rate). Tripling a cue's visual salience does not move contagion, whereas a second peer voice raises it by half again. Gaming a hidden rubric is near-silent: only 1/10 text and 1/134 imaging drifters name the rubric they moved toward. What games a committee is social plausibility, and only a referee independent of self-report catches it. Code: https://github.com/criticaldata/benchmaxxing", "As complex societal issues continue to emerge, fostering democratic skills like valuing diverse perspectives and collaborative decision-making is increasingly vital in education. In this paper, we propose a Peer Agent (PA) system designed to simulate a deliberative conversational partner that induces socio-cognitive conflict within dilemma-based game play. Drawing on by the Inner Thoughts framework and grounded in value-sensitive discourse analysis, the PA actively participates in voice-based multi-party deliberation with human players. The system architecture consists of five core modules: Context Interpreter, Agent State Manager, Thought Generator, Thought Evaluator, and Thought Articulator.", "Evaluating badminton performance often requires expert coaching, which is rarely accessible for amateur players. We present BadminSense, a smartwatch-based system for fine-grained badminton performance analysis using wearable sensing. Through interviews with experienced badminton players, we identified four system design requirements with three implementation insights that guide the development of BadminSense. We then collected a badminton strokes dataset on 12 experienced badminton amateurs and annotated it with fine-grained labels, including stroke type, expert-assessed stroke rating, and shuttle impact location. Built on this dataset, BadminSense segments and classifies strokes, predicts stroke quality, and estimates shuttle impact location using vibration signal from an off-the-shelf smartwatch. Our evaluations show that BadminSense achieves a stroke classification accuracy of 91.43%, an average quality rating error of 0.438, and an average impact location estimation error of 12.9%. A real-world usability study further demonstrates BadminSense's potential to provide reliable and meaningful support for daily badminton practice.", "Evaluating badminton performance often requires expert coaching, which is rarely accessible for amateur players. We present adminSense, a smartwatch-based system for fine-grained badminton performance analysis using wearable sensing. Through interviews with experienced badminton players, we identified four system design requirements with three implementation insights that guide the development of BadminSense. We then collected a badminton strokes dataset on 12 experienced badminton amateurs and annotated it with fine-grained labels, including stroke type, expert-assessed stroke rating, and shuttle impact location. Built on this dataset, BadminSense segments and classifies strokes, predicts stroke quality, and estimates shuttle impact location using vibration signal from an off-the-shelf smartwatch. Our evaluations show that"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T5_games_36f5b3233c41", "question": {"delta_files": ["d9a1f866700647ac.pdf", "0e9bee9be0cf79d1.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/d9a1f866700647ac.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/0e9bee9be0cf79d1.txt"], "object": "f89ca178eae847ec.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"f89ca178eae847ec.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Embodying non-human characters and exercising abdominal muscles are both underexplored in exergames. We address this by describing the design and evaluation of a novel human quadruped locomotion exergame. In the game, the player lies supine on the ground and moves their arms and legs to control a quadrupedal character (a tiger), similar to common bodyweight abdominal muscle exercises such as the Bicycle Crunch. The motion tracking is computer vision-based, utilizing a Kinect sensor placed above the player, which makes our approach suitable for commercial premises such as indoor activity parks where a system needs to run unattended and without any wearable components. Our system extends embodied interaction beyond traditional bipedal or controller-based systems, demonstrating how natural limb movements can generate responsive and immersive quadrupedal motion within virtual environments. We conducted a user study (N=15) to evaluate the system's intuitiveness, control, and overall player experience. The findings demonstrate the usability and potential of our system, highlighting its intense physical nature. Participants reported that gameplay immersion masked physical exertion, allowing them to perceive rigorous core training primarily as play.", "Although computer-use agents (CUAs) hold significant potential to automate increasingly complex OS workflows, they can demonstrate unsafe unintended behaviors that deviate from expected outcomes even under benign input contexts. However, exploration of this risk remains largely anecdotal, lacking concrete characterization and automated methods to proactively surface long-tail unintended behaviors under realistic CUA scenarios. To fill this gap, we introduce the first conceptual and methodological framework for unintended CUA behaviors, by defining their key characteristics, automatically eliciting them, and analyzing how they arise from benign inputs. We propose AutoElicit: an agentic framework that iteratively perturbs benign instructions using CUA execution feedback, and elicits severe harms while keeping perturbations realistic and benign. Using AutoElicit, we surface hundreds of harmful unintended behaviors from state-of-the-art CUAs such as Claude 4.5 Haiku and Opus. We further evaluate the transferability of human-verified successful perturbations, identifying persistent susceptibility to unintended behaviors across various other frontier CUAs. This work establishes a foundation for systematically analyzing unintended behaviors in realistic computer-use settings.", "Embodying non-human characters and exercising abdominal muscles are both underexplored in exergames. We address this by describing the design and evaluation of a novel human quadruped locomotion exergame, Become the Beast. In the game, the player lies supine on the ground and moves their arms and legs to control a quadrupedal character (a tiger), similar to common bodyweight abdominal muscle exercises such as the Bicycle Crunch. The motion tracking is computer vision-based, utilizing a Kinect sensor placed above the player, which makes our approach suitable for commercial premises such as indoor activity parks where a system needs to run unattended and without any wearable components. Our system extends embodied interaction beyond traditional bipedal or controller-based systems, demonstrating how natural limb movements can generate responsive and immersive quadrupedal motion within virtual environments. We conducted a user study (N=15) and utilized Reflexive Thematic Analysis (RTA) to evaluate the system's intuitiveness, control, and overall player experience. The findings validate that natural body movements effectively control the avatar while delivering an intense core workout. Notably, gameplay immersion masked physical exertion, allowing rigorous core training to be primarily perceived as play.", "This paper introduces the Data-Driven Animation Controller (DDAC), a specialized Godot component that achieves robust decoupling of animation logic from core gameplay scripts through a data-driven approach. Animation control is typically centralized and imperatively defined within core character scripts, often relying on implicit Finite State Machines (FSMs). This practice leads to tightly coupled and difficult-to-maintain codebases. The DDAC component externalizes these instructions into easily inspector-editable resources, effectively making the animation logic declarative. Rules are defined by reading Conditions from any variable on any external node and executing Actions (setting the target animation). The DDAC also manages secondary visual state settings, such as Animation Speed Scaling and Horizontal/Vertical Sprite Flipping, using the same simple rule-based setup. The highest contribution of this work is the use of a Prioritized Resolution Algorithm to enforce mutual exclusion, ensuring that when multiple rules match, only the highest-priority rule executes. This framework allows designers to quickly iterate on character-state visualization without modifying code, while significantly improving maintainability and reducing cognitive load on core developers."], "persona": "games", "qid": "T5_games_2c4f28799927", "question": {"delta_files": ["513c49f8baa71f54.pdf", "3bf76a799aaeab64.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/513c49f8baa71f54.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/3bf76a799aaeab64.txt"], "object": "1cbe9a8ab0d988e5.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"1cbe9a8ab0d988e5.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Extracting Search Trees from LLM Reasoning Traces Reveals Myopic Planning", "An Anthropologist LLM to Elicit Users' Moral Preferences through Role-Play", "Social Media Should Feel Like Minecraft, Not Instagram: Youth Visions for Meaningful Social Connections through Fictional Inquiry", "Beyond Value Elicitation: Towards Moral Profiles in Early Requirements Engineering via Role-Playing Games and Anthropologist LLMs"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T5_games_9fc4074d5432", "question": {"delta_files": ["ca02fb8d1ca5e6bd.pdf", "683e919df902e78e.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/ca02fb8d1ca5e6bd.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/683e919df902e78e.txt"], "object": "d6041b7abf1cd558.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"d6041b7abf1cd558.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["How Can I Publish My LLM Benchmark Without Giving the True Answers Away?", "From Entity-Centric to Goal-Oriented Graphs: Enhancing LLM Knowledge Retrieval in Minecraft", "Enriching physical-virtual interaction in AR gaming by tracking identical objects via an egocentric partial observation frame", "Knowledge Retrieval in LLM Gaming: A Shift from Entity-Centric to Goal-Oriented Graphs"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T5_games_ce398b151f89", "question": {"delta_files": ["1d588267cf7bd2a3.pdf", "427e92fc71d10cc8.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/1d588267cf7bd2a3.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/427e92fc71d10cc8.txt"], "object": "a6675c800b434f72.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"a6675c800b434f72.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Human-aligned AI is a critical component of co-creativity, as it enables models to accurately interpret human intent and generate controllable outputs that align with design goals in collaborative content creation. This direction is especially relevant in procedural content generation via reinforcement learning (PCGRL), which is intended to serve as a tool for human designers. However, existing systems often fall short of exhibiting human-centered behavior, limiting the practical utility of AI-driven generation tools in real-world design workflows. In this paper, we propose VIPCGRL (Vision-Instruction PCGRL), a novel deep reinforcement learning framework that incorporates three modalities-text, level, and sketches-to extend control modality and enhance human-likeness. We introduce a shared embedding space trained via quadruple contrastive learning across modalities and human-AI styles, and align the policy using an auxiliary reward based on embedding similarity. Experimental results show that VIPCGRL outperforms existing baselines in human-likeness, as validated by both quantitative metrics and human evaluations. The code and dataset are available at https://github.com/bic4907/VIPCGRL.", "Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive general capabilities but often struggle with step-by-step reasoning, especially in complex applications such as games. While retrieval-augmented methods like GraphRAG attempt to bridge this gap through cross-document extraction and indexing, their fragmented entity-relation graphs and overly dense local connectivity hinder the construction of coherent reasoning. In this paper, we propose a novel framework based on Goal-Oriented Graphs (GoGs), where each node represents a goal and its associated attributes, and edges encode logical dependencies between goals. This structure enables explicit retrieval of reasoning paths by first identifying high-level goals and recursively retrieving their subgoals, forming coherent reasoning chains to guide LLM prompting. Our method significantly enhances the reasoning ability of LLMs in game-playing tasks, as demonstrated by extensive experiments on the Minecraft testbed, outperforming GraphRAG and other baselines.", "Although computer-use agents (CUAs) hold significant potential to automate increasingly complex OS workflows, they can demonstrate unsafe unintended behaviors that deviate from expected outcomes even under benign input contexts. However, exploration of this risk remains largely anecdotal, lacking concrete characterization and automated methods to proactively surface long-tail unintended behaviors under realistic CUA scenarios. To fill this gap, we introduce the first conceptual and methodological framework for unintended CUA behaviors, by defining their key characteristics, automatically eliciting them, and analyzing how they arise from benign inputs. We propose AutoElicit: an agentic framework that iteratively perturbs benign instructions using CUA execution feedback, and elicits severe harms while keeping perturbations realistic and benign. Using AutoElicit, we surface hundreds of harmful unintended behaviors from state-of-the-art CUAs such as Claude 4.5 Haiku, Claude 4.5 Opus, and Operator. We further evaluate the transferability of human-verified successful perturbations, identifying persistent susceptibility to unintended behaviors across various other frontier CUAs. This work establishes a foundation for systematically analyzing unintended behaviors in realistic computer-use settings.", "Human-aligned AI is a critical component of co-creativity, as it enables models to accurately interpret human intent and generate controllable outputs that align with design goals in collaborative content creation. This direction is especially relevant in procedural content generation via reinforcement learning (PCGRL), which is intended to serve as a tool for human designers. However, existing systems often fall short of exhibiting human-centered behavior, limiting the practical utility of AI-driven generation tools in real-world design workflows. In this paper, we propose VIPCGRL (Vision-Instruction PCGRL), a novel deep reinforcement learning framework that incorporates three modalities-text, level, and sketches-to extend control modality and enhance human-likeness. We introduce a shared embedding space trained via quadruple contrastive learning across modalities and human-AI styles, and align the policy using an auxiliary reward based on embedding similarity. Experimental results show that VIPCGRL outperforms existing baselines in human-likeness, as validated by both quantitative metrics and human evaluations. The code and dataset will be available upon publication."], "persona": "games", "qid": "T5_games_46227fa4b096", "question": {"delta_files": ["d15e207ba3b68a62.pdf", "ce41d154ca4086f3.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/d15e207ba3b68a62.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/ce41d154ca4086f3.txt"], "object": "767ab0cbcb6e5d1a.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"767ab0cbcb6e5d1a.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Large language models can synthesize a game's rules as executable code - a Code World Model (CWM) - which a classical planner then searches over. Such models are typically accepted when they reach high transition accuracy on sampled trajectories. We argue this is the wrong notion of adequacy for planning. We show four things. (1) An LLM-synthesized CWM can pass a sampling gate at 100% transition accuracy and be $\\geq 98\\%$ state-accurate on the planner's own search distribution, yet lose systematically at play, because the $<1\\%$ it gets wrong is exactly the pivotal dynamics; the play cost of the omitted rule is $0.091$ (seed-clustered 95% CI $[0.065,0.117]$, $n=4800$). We call this the verified-vs-correct gap, and confirm it end-to-end through the synthesis pipeline. (2) The harm follows a quantitative law, $\\mathrm{danger}=\\mathrm{play\\_cost}\\times(1-\\mathrm{rarity})^N$, whose $(1-\\mathrm{rarity})^N$ gate-miss factor is proven exact and whose play cost is empirically bounded. (3) The failure is not repaired by more data: LLM synthesis behaves as rule translation, not rule inference, and did not infer the omitted rule across models (GPT-5.x) and data regimes (including DAgger and targeted examples). (4) The same mechanism recurs on the belief-inference function of imperfect-information CWMs: we prove a coverage bound (a size-$N$ gate is identifying when $N\\gtrsim b^{d_{\\max}}$), explaining why shallow games such as Kuhn poker show no gap, and hand-construct Beacon, a verified-but-wrong inference function that passes the gate yet loses every game. These results suggest adequacy for planning-oriented world models should be measured on the search distribution or by play directly, not by prediction accuracy on sampled transitions.", "Although computer-use agents (CUAs) hold significant potential to automate increasingly complex OS workflows, they can demonstrate unsafe unintended behaviors that deviate from expected outcomes even under benign input contexts. However, exploration of this risk remains largely anecdotal, lacking concrete characterization and automated methods to proactively surface long-tail unintended behaviors under realistic CUA scenarios. To fill this gap, we introduce the first conceptual and methodological framework for unintended CUA behaviors, by defining their key characteristics, automatically eliciting them, and analyzing how they arise from benign inputs. We propose AutoElicit: an agentic framework that iteratively perturbs benign instructions using CUA execution feedback, and elicits severe harms while keeping perturbations realistic and benign. Using AutoElicit, we surface hundreds of harmful unintended behaviors from state-of-the-art CUAs such as Claude 4.5 Haiku and Opus. We further evaluate the transferability of human-verified successful perturbations, identifying persistent susceptibility to unintended behaviors across various other frontier CUAs. This work establishes a foundation for systematically analyzing unintended behaviors in realistic computer-use settings.", "Large language models exhibit innate behavioral tendencies when deployed as strategic agents -- notably a risk-averse \"turtle\" bias toward defensive play. We show that symbolic reasoning frameworks, injected as per-round reflective prompts into one agent, differentially modulate this bias and reshape the multi-agent ecosystem to produce framework-specific winner distributions. In a 7-player Warring States Diplomacy variant (41 games, 4 conditions, single-campaign memory accumulation), each framework produces a distinct ecosystem signature: under control, Yan dominates (7/11, 64%); under I-Ching yarrow divination, Yan and Chu co-dominate while Qin is completely suppressed (0/10); under Tarot, Qin dominates (5/10, Fisher vs. pooled p = 0.006); under scrambled-text ablation (incoherent oracle text preserving prompt structure), Qi dominates (5/10, Fisher vs. pooled p = 0.006). The framework-receiving agent (Han) never wins and shows no survival difference across conditions (Fisher p = 1.0), but Tarot consistently elevates Han's peak territory (mean 3.0 SCs vs. 2.1-2.5 others, Kruskal-Wallis p = 0.010). Neither framework's content predicts subsequent actions -- hexagram themes (chi-squared p = 0.95) and Tarot card postures (chi-squared p = 0.69) are both independent of action choice -- suggesting the modulation operates through the reflective process, not content-following. We present this as an observation paper establishing that alignment-framework choice at the agent level produces distinctive system-level consequences in multi-agent settings.", "Large language models exhibit a risk-averse \"turtle\" bias as strategic agents. We show that injecting a symbolic reasoning framework as a per-round reflective prompt into one agent acts as a small perturbation whose consequences are not per-decision but emergent: the agent's risk posture is unchanged in isolation, yet over a campaign of accumulating memory and multi-agent interaction the conditions settle into distinct, condition-associated winner ecosystems. In a 7-player Warring States Diplomacy variant (61 games, 6 conditions), the winner distribution differs sharply across the four primary conditions (41 games; permutation omnibus p approximately 0.001): control -> Yan (7/11); I-Ching yarrow -> Yan/Chu co-dominance with Qin fully suppressed (0/10); Tarot -> Qin (5/10); scrambled-text ablation -> Qi (5/10). The scrambled->Qi attractor is robust (vs. pooled and control alone, p = 0.006 and 0.012); tarot->Qin is denominator-dependent (0.006 pooled, 0.064 vs. control). Han never wins and shows no survival difference (Fisher p = 1.0); neither framework's content predicts actions (chi-squared p = 0.95 hexagram, 0.69 Tarot). A memory-free decision-isolation probe (960 calls) shows the process does not change the agent's risk posture in isolation (Friedman p = 0.45; I-Ching p = 0.60; Tarot perturbs move content but not risk, p = 0.021). A 2x2 factorial separating yarrow's decision-time and learning-time components reveals a non-additive interaction: each alone freezes the board (50-60% stalemates), combined they produce zero (permutation p ~ 5e-5). Testing relocates Qin suppression to rival (Chu) expansion governed by campaign memory depth, not the oracle (p = 0.55). We present this as an observation paper: agent-level framework choice produces distinctive, non-additive system-level consequences, transmitted through emergent memory and multi-agent dynamics, not per-decision effects."], "persona": "games", "qid": "T5_games_ca63f1a703ac", "question": {"delta_files": ["5da82a8a9b082876.pdf", "3591a664e08087c2.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/5da82a8a9b082876.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/3591a664e08087c2.txt"], "object": "1722f79880588df2.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"1722f79880588df2.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Many of the websites people depend on have owners whose interests are not fully aligned with their users. We address the root of this problem by presenting a reimagining of the web where sites are not owned at all but are instead collaboratively produced like Wikipedia articles. We call the system Social$.$Wiki because it supports the co-creation of interactive social sites, such as those for microblogging, messaging, dating, gaming, ride sharing, and so on. With off-the-shelf AI tools, people with little or no programming experience can edit these sites to better reflect the needs and preferences of their communities. Social$.$Wiki builds on ideas from collaborative malleable software systems such as Webstrates, but is designed for public participation rather than use only within small, trusted groups. To this end, Social$.$Wiki includes governance to mitigate conflict. To accommodate diverse governance preferences, our model of \"plural governance\" lets people independently choose the policies that determine which edits to a site they see. Social$.$Wiki also implements a granular security model to protect personal data in a malleable environment. Complementing the decentralized design and governance of Social$.$Wiki sites, both site edits and within-site data are stored on Graffiti, a decentralized infrastructure, decoupling the ownership of underlying servers from the ownership of sites. We evaluate Social$.$Wiki through case studies that demonstrate the range of sociotechnical structures it supports, as well as through deployments at a hackathon and in the wild.", "The metanym game is a competitive word game for LLMs that measures structural intelligence against established cognitive-science constructs. No content is given in advance; the contestants create all of it -- a new kind of analogy test, analogical production falsifiable sentence by sentence, with no fixed test set to leak into training (contamination-resistant by construction). In the council-of-peers benchmark, the contestants also rate each other's creations. We introduce the first spectral solution, to our knowledge, to the wicked problem of benchmarking LLMs' factual accuracy without golden keys or oracle models: one singular value decomposition of the evaluators' ratings matrix yields their competence as both generators and judges of true statements at once. Competence on the subjective criteria comes from each judge's rating consistency as the yardstick shifts. The factual rating correlates with GPQA Diamond at Pearson r = 0.92. Scored separately, making and judging dissociate -- judging is the scarcer skill: the strongest generators are middling judges, the sharpest judge a mid-pack generator. To scale, the strongest players form a council that does the official benchmarking; its seats are contestable -- a stronger model earns one on the benchmark's own rating. The benchmark is entirely self-contained and self-consistent, a stable gauge over time. Code and data are available at https://github.com/dnordfors/metanym-game-paper", "We present evidence that analogy is at the core of LLM intelligence. In our benchmark, LLMs compete in generating sets of analogous statements and rate each other's sets on their own understandings of factual correctness, beauty, intelligence, distinctness, length, and structural diversity. Nothing enters from outside: the only given is the game rules; every item is generated in play; the scores come from the players' ratings alone. Ground truth is replaced by the SVD of the factual rating matrix, which scores players as generators and judges at once -- to our knowledge the first eigen-equation that judges the judges for an LLM council-of-peers. For subjective criteria like beauty, judges are weighted by their rating consistency. The best generators turn out to be middling judges. GPQA Diamond -- difficult multiple-choice questions written by human experts -- could not be more different in method, yet the two benchmarks correlate at Pearson $r = 0.97$, 95% CI [0.92, 0.99]; no leakage could be found. A council of the five best issues the official ratings; its contestable seats let the benchmark scale to any number of players and rise with the models it measures -- a candidate steering signal for self-improving AI. Playing interweaves at least eight constructs of intelligence; the total scores the broad composite, the components allow reductionistic analysis. Every number recomputes from a released package at https://github.com/dnordfors/metanym-game-paper", "LLMs are vulnerable to prompt injection attacks. However, this vulnerability has been primarily demonstrated conceptually in academic studies or through a few anecdotal case studies. Its prevalence and impact in real-world LLM-based applications are largely unexplored. In this work, we present the first systematic study of prompt-injection attacks in a widely used application: LLM-based resume screening. Our analysis is based on approximately 200K real-world resumes collected over multiple years by hireEZ. We first design tailored methods to detect prompt injection in resumes. Manual validation on a small-scale dataset demonstrates that our detectors achieve high precision and outperform state-of-the-art general-purpose detectors. We then apply our detector to the full resume dataset and conduct a comprehensive measurement study of real-world prompt injection attacks. Our analysis reveals several intriguing findings: approximately 1% of resumes contain hidden prompt injections; the prevalence of such injected resumes has increased noticeably over the past one to two years; and more than 90% of injected prompts do not use explicit instructions. These results provide the first evidence of large-scale prompt injection in real-world LLM-based applications and lay the groundwork for future studies to understand and mitigate such attacks."], "persona": "games", "qid": "T5_games_c2dec9211db4", "question": {"delta_files": ["7666be85de89d4ff.pdf", "9c57c2768c8ce707.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/7666be85de89d4ff.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/9c57c2768c8ce707.txt"], "object": "fe9566a76c42ef47.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"fe9566a76c42ef47.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Markets increasingly accommodate large language models (LLMs) as autonomous decision-making agents. As this transition occurs, it becomes critical to evaluate how these agents behave relative to their human and task-specific statistical predecessors. In this work, we present results from an empirical study comparing humans (N=216), multiple frontier LLMs, and customized Bayesian agents in dynamic multi-player bargaining games under identical conditions. Bayesian agents extract the highest surplus with aggressive trade proposals that are frequently rejected. Humans and LLMs achieve comparable aggregate surplus within their groups, but exhibit different trading strategies. LLMs favor conservative, concessionary proposals that are usually accepted by other LLMs, while humans propose trades that are consistent with fairness norms but are more likely to be rejected. These findings highlight that performance parity -- a common benchmark in agent evaluation -- can mask substantive procedural differences in how LLMs behave in complex multi-agent interactions.", "As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly embedded in collaborative human activities such as business negotiations and group coordination, it becomes critical to evaluate both the performance gains they can achieve and how they interact in dynamic, multi-agent environments. Unlike traditional statistical agents such as Bayesian models, which may excel under well-specified conditions, large language models (LLMs) can generalize across diverse, real-world scenarios, raising new questions about how their strategies and behaviors compare to those of humans and other agent types. In this work, we compare outcomes and behavioral dynamics across humans (N = 216), LLMs (GPT-4o, Gemini 1.5 Pro), and Bayesian agents in a dynamic negotiation setting under identical conditions. Bayesian agents extract the highest surplus through aggressive optimization, at the cost of frequent trade rejections. Humans and LLMs achieve similar overall surplus, but through distinct behaviors: LLMs favor conservative, concessionary trades with few rejections, while humans employ more strategic, risk-taking, and fairness-oriented behaviors. Thus, we find that performance parity -- a common benchmark in agent evaluation -- can conceal fundamental differences in process and alignment, which are critical for practical deployment in real-world coordination tasks. By establishing foundational behavioral baselines under matched conditions, this work provides a baseline for future studies in more applied, variable-rich environments.", "Natural-language tasking of embodied agents is rarely just goal specification: users also impose constraints that must persist while the world changes. Code-generating LLM agents can produce plausible behaviors for such instructions, but their free-form programs provide no stable object to verify, compose with new constraints, or repair from a failing trace. We present CEDAR, a counterexample-guided framework that grounds instructions as regular languages over environment event traces. CEDAR uses a language model for semantic judgments and execution traces for correction, then represents both skills and specifications as deterministic finite automata. This turns constraints into executable finite-state objects: a learned skill can be intersected with a learned sleep at night or stay in this biome specification, yielding a controller that enforces the learned constraint by construction rather than by repeated prompting. In Minecraft, with the same simulator/API observations available to a program-generating baseline, CEDAR maintains temporal and spatial constraints that the baseline fails to preserve and amortizes reuse of learned skills, reducing cumulative LLM queries. These results suggest that regular languages offer a practical verification layer between natural-language instructions and embodied-agent policies.", "Comprehensive basketball video understanding requires resolving not only what event occurs, but also who is responsible and when the key evidence appears. However, exist- ing methods typically treat spatial perception and semantic recognition as isolated tasks, failing to ground events to individual players or pinpoint their temporal boundaries within complex collective dynamics. To bridge this gap, we introduce BasketEvent, a player- centric basketball event understanding dataset curated from real NBA broadcasts. In BasketEvent, event labels are grounded to the responsible players, and a manually an- notated subset of 1,000 samples with precise event intervals is provided to evaluate tem- poral evidence localization. Based on this data, we propose PlayNet, a player-centric reasoning framework that maps basketball videos to player-level event predictions with temporal evidence. Concretely, PlayNet tracks key entities, associates player identities, and reasons about events by modeling player-player, player-ball, and global court inter- actions, while aggregating sparse temporal evidence via gated pooling. Extensive experi- ments demonstrate that PlayNet significantly outperforms representative video-level and crop-based baselines, proving the superiority of player-centric modeling for fine-grained sports video understanding. Our data, code, and models will be made publicly available."], "persona": "games", "qid": "T5_games_d1c377ebff4d", "question": {"delta_files": ["cbd32eb0dcbf2593.pdf", "26ab52082ce96335.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/cbd32eb0dcbf2593.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/26ab52082ce96335.txt"], "object": "c3e59accf117f39c.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"c3e59accf117f39c.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Normative Equivalence in Human-AI Cooperation: Behaviour, Not Identity, Drives Cooperation in Mixed-Agent Groups", "Bounded Normative Equivalence in Human-AI Cooperation: Group Behaviour, Not Partner Labels, Predicts Cooperation under Anonymous Aggregate Feedback", "Beyond Value Elicitation: Towards Moral Profiles in Early Requirements Engineering via Role-Playing Games and Anthropologist LLMs", "Enriching physical-virtual interaction in AR gaming by tracking identical objects via an egocentric partial observation frame"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T5_games_e34aa9f04d41", "question": {"delta_files": ["dfe98fc45855d8c8.pdf", "d5c744cddc356b74.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/dfe98fc45855d8c8.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/d5c744cddc356b74.txt"], "object": "928833b2b8efe515.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"928833b2b8efe515.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Parameter-Efficient Distributional RL via Normalizing Flows and a Geometry-Aware Cramér Surrogate", "Knowledge Retrieval in LLM Gaming: A Shift from Entity-Centric to Goal-Oriented Graphs", "Flow Models for Unbounded and Geometry-Aware Distributional Reinforcement Learning", "LieCraft: A Multi-Agent Framework for Evaluating Deceptive Capabilities in Language Models"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T5_games_a3e8c3541aca", "question": {"delta_files": ["c8bbc420d670b971.pdf", "0cee6b5db863545c.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/c8bbc420d670b971.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/0cee6b5db863545c.txt"], "object": "4507cfc4fd65528b.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"4507cfc4fd65528b.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Parth Asawa; Christopher M. Glaze; Gabriel Orlanski; Ramya Ramakrishnan; Benji Xu; Asim Biswal; Vincent Sunn Chen; Frederic Sala; Matei Zaharia; Joseph E. Gonzalez", "Ruofei Du; Benjamin Hersh; David Li; Nels Numan; Xun Qian; Yanhe Chen; Zhongyi Zhou; Xingyue Chen; Jiahao Ren; Robert Timothy Bettridge; Xiang 'Anthony' Chen; Faraz Faruqi; Steve Toh; David Kim", "Ruofei Du; Benjamin Hersh; David Li; Nels Numan; Xun Qian; Yanhe Chen; Zhongyi Zhou; Xingyue Chen; Jiahao Ren; Robert Timothy Bettridge; Steve Toh; David Kim", "Tu Trinh; Mohamed Elfeki; Guangze Luo; Kelvin Luu; Nathan Hunt; Ernesto Hernandez; Nandan Marwaha; Yannis Yiming He; Charles Wang; Fernando Carabedo; Alessa Castillo; Bing Liu"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T5_games_197c213ffb88", "question": {"delta_files": ["7e1e3b0177c82c8f.pdf", "013b05ebcb4a3628.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/7e1e3b0177c82c8f.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/013b05ebcb4a3628.txt"], "object": "f427825de0e1d620.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "Who is in the author list of the PDF document \"f427825de0e1d620.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Shamit Ahmed; Prabhav Bhatnagar; Perttu Hämäläinen", "Shamit Ahmed; Perttu Hämäläinen", "Yifeng He; Yinzhe Zhao; Jicheng Wang; Hao Chen", "Mai Pham; Vikrant Vaze; Peter Chin"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T5_games_d1ca22be3675", "question": {"delta_files": ["513c49f8baa71f54.pdf", "3bf76a799aaeab64.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/513c49f8baa71f54.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/3bf76a799aaeab64.txt"], "object": "1cbe9a8ab0d988e5.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "Who is listed as the author(s) of the PDF document \"1cbe9a8ab0d988e5.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Social Media Should Feel Like Minecraft, Not Instagram: 3D Gamer Youth Visions for Meaningful Social Connections through Fictional Inquiry", "Improving Family Co-Play Experiences through Family-Centered Design", "Social Media Should Feel Like Minecraft, Not Instagram: Youth Visions for Meaningful Social Connections through Fictional Inquiry", "bFaaaP: An Inclusive, Head-Angle Piano-Pedal Interaction that Quantitatively Reproduces a Pianist's Intended Pedalling -- Foot-Free, for Acoustic and Electronic Pianos"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T5_games_f64a17ef062a", "question": {"delta_files": ["b9212a1a65bbaa4f.pdf", "fd09575caa002ed0.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/b9212a1a65bbaa4f.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/fd09575caa002ed0.txt"], "object": "30262b1c7a211acb.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"30262b1c7a211acb.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Symbolic Reasoning Frameworks Modulate LLM Risk Aversion in Multi-Agent Strategic Settings", "Symbolic Reasoning Frameworks Trigger Memory-Mediated Ecosystem Dynamics in Multi-Agent LLM Systems", "Knowledge Retrieval in LLM Gaming: A Shift from Entity-Centric to Goal-Oriented Graphs", "Human-Aligned Procedural Level Generation Reinforcement Learning via Text-Level-Sketch Shared Representation"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T5_games_49ac1057137a", "question": {"delta_files": ["5da82a8a9b082876.pdf", "3591a664e08087c2.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/5da82a8a9b082876.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/3591a664e08087c2.txt"], "object": "1722f79880588df2.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"1722f79880588df2.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["The Metanym Game: An LLM Benchmark Without Ground Truth That Rises With the Models It Measures", "The Metanym Game: A Self-Contained, Self-Consistent LLM Peer-Community Benchmark for Structural Intelligence", "Refresher Training through Digital and Physical, Card-Based Game for Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) and Anganwadi Workers (AWWs) in India", "Capabilities of GPT-5 across critical domains: Is it the next breakthrough?"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T5_games_620045a69774", "question": {"delta_files": ["7666be85de89d4ff.pdf", "9c57c2768c8ce707.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/7666be85de89d4ff.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/9c57c2768c8ce707.txt"], "object": "fe9566a76c42ef47.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"fe9566a76c42ef47.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["This study presents a proof of concept for eliciting and representing the moral profiles of digital system users in Requirements Engineering (RE) by combining immersive role-playing games (RPGs) with large language model (LLM) analysis. While existing approaches rely on predefined value taxonomies and explicit articulation, values are often tacit, context-dependent, and difficult to express directly. To address these limitations, we propose moving from the elicitation of discrete moral values to the narrative reconstruction and representation of users' moral profiles. Grounded in phenomenological and narrative anthropology, the approach focuses on capturing users' moral orientations as they emerge through situated decision-making. RPG sessions generate context-rich narrative data, which are then analyzed by a specialized LLM (GPT-A) to produce individual anthropological moral profiles (IAMPs). A validation process based on cross-comparison between model outputs and participants' responses in unseen moral scenarios assesses the adequacy of the generated representations. Results indicate that RPG environments effectively support the generation of rich, context-dependent data for eliciting tacit values, and that an anthropologically grounded LLM can transform such data into coherent narrative representations of users' moral profiles. These representations enable the contextual interpretation of users' preferences and values within the given domain, with improved performance when interpretive framing captures relationships between actions, underlying motivations, and individual domain expertise. From an RE perspective, this approach enables the analysis of user preferences and trade-offs while preserving their situated and dynamic nature, providing a foundation for integrating human moral values into the early stages of RE.", "The mastery of Hijaiyah letters is a crucial foundation for reading and comprehending the Quran, yet conventional pedagogical approaches based on repetitive memorization frequently struggle to maintain the engagement of young learners in contemporary educational contexts. This research presents the design and implementation of an innovative gamification-based methodology for Hijaiyah literacy acquisition, systematically developed through the ADDIE framework (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) to optimize student motivation, participation, and educational outcomes. The resulting technological solution, engineered using Unity 2D and Firebase, strategically incorporates game design elements such as points, badges, leaderboards, and progressive leveling, while integrating multifaceted learning components including visual animations, authentic tajwid-based audio pronunciation, and interactive letter tracing exercises to simultaneously develop cognitive recognition capabilities and fine motor skills. Empirical evaluation involving 50 elementary school participants revealed substantial quantitative improvements, with mean assessment scores increasing from 42.8 to 88.6 (107% improvement, p < 0.001), demonstrating an exceptionally large effect size (Cohen's d = 4.87), complemented by strong user engagement metrics (4.2 average daily sessions) and high satisfaction ratings (4.82 out of 5 mean motivation score). Beyond cognitive learning outcomes, the gamified approach effectively fostered intrinsic Islamic values such as perseverance, responsibility, and disciplined practice, thereby establishing an innovative educational paradigm that successfully integrates traditional Islamic pedagogical principles with modern digital learning technologies to create a transformative, engaging, and meaningful framework for Hijaiyah literacy development in contemporary Islamic education.", "This study investigates a novel approach to eliciting users' moral decision-making by combining immersive roleplaying games with LLM analysis capabilities. Building on the distinction introduced by Floridi between hard ethics inspiring and shaping laws-and soft ethics-moral preferences guiding individual behavior within the free space of decisions compliant to laws-we focus on capturing the latter through contextrich, narrative-driven interactions. Grounded in anthropological methods, the role-playing game exposes participants to ethically charged scenarios in the domain of digital privacy. Data collected during the sessions were interpreted by a customized LLM (\"GPT Anthropologist\"). Evaluation through a cross-validation process shows that both the richness of the data and the interpretive framing significantly enhance the model's ability to predict user behavior. Results show that LLMs can be effectively employed to automate and enhance the understanding of user moral preferences and decision-making process in the early stages of software development.", "Defining a constructive process to build general capabilities for language models in an automatic manner is considered an open problem in artificial intelligence. Towards this, we consider the problem of building a curriculum of tasks that grows a model via relevant skill discovery. We provide a concrete framework for this task, using a family of tasks called Cross-Entropy Games, which we postulate is universal in a suitable sense. We show that if it is possible to grow the curriculum for relevant skill discovery by iterating a greedy optimization algorithm, then, under natural assumptions, there is essentially only one meta-objective possible (up to a few hyper-parameters). We call the resulting process cognitive training. We postulate that, given sufficiently capable language models as players and meta-samplers, cognitive training provides a principled way to relevant skill discovery; and hence to the extent general capabilities are achievable via greedy curriculum learning, cognitive training would be a solution."], "persona": "games", "qid": "T5_games_f1d33c792e91", "question": {"delta_files": ["ca02fb8d1ca5e6bd.pdf", "683e919df902e78e.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/ca02fb8d1ca5e6bd.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/683e919df902e78e.txt"], "object": "d6041b7abf1cd558.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"d6041b7abf1cd558.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Vision-Zero: Scalable VLM Self-Improvement via Strategic Gamified Self-Play", "How Can I Publish My LLM Benchmark Without Giving the True Answers Away?", "CapBencher: Give Your LLM Benchmark a Built-in Alarm for Test-Set Overfitting", "Measuring Real-World Prompt Injection Attacks in LLM-based Resume Screening"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T5_games_2478d1cff7e4", "question": {"delta_files": ["61cb45b6a70f74ea.pdf", "410c332246024b91.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/61cb45b6a70f74ea.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/410c332246024b91.txt"], "object": "2584900e9ce15ff6.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"2584900e9ce15ff6.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["We consider the following two-player game: using observational data, the leader chooses a prediction function for a response variable $Y$ from given covariates. The follower then reacts with an intervention on some covariates in the underlying structural causal model to maximize their own objective. The leader knows the intervention targets, but may have limited knowledge of the follower's objective. We call this setup a prediction-intervention game, a special case of a Stackelberg game. Finding an optimal strategy for the leader is generally difficult. To avoid severe performance loss, the leader may base their prediction on the causal parents of $Y$, or more generally on an invariant subset of covariates. We prove, for two common classes of follower objectives, that predictors based on the stable blanket, a specific invariant subset, are always better or as good as those based on the causal parents. We further upper bound the leader's post-intervention risk by a worst-case risk over allowed interventions and strengthen existing distribution generalization results to analyze this bound: we give sufficient conditions under which stable-blanket predictors are worst-case optimal, and show by examples that these conditions cannot in general be dropped. Finally, we discuss practical strategies for settings with known and unknown graph, and test them on simulated and real-world data.", "Board games have long served as complex decision-making benchmarks in artificial intelligence. In this field, search-based reinforcement learning methods such as AlphaZero have achieved remarkable success. However, their significant computational demands have been pointed out as barriers to their reproducibility. In this study, we propose a model-free reinforcement learning algorithm designed for board games to achieve more efficient learning. To validate the efficiency of the proposed method, we conducted comprehensive experiments on five board games: Animal Shogi, Gardner Chess, Go, Hex, and Othello. The results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves more efficient learning than existing methods across these environments. In addition, our extensive ablation study shows the importance of core techniques used in the proposed method. We believe that our efficient algorithm shows the potential of model-free reinforcement learning in domains traditionally dominated by search-based methods.", "Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive general capabilities but often struggle with step-by-step procedural reasoning, a critical challenge in complex interactive environments. While retrieval-augmented methods like GraphRAG attempt to bridge this gap, their fragmented entity-relation graphs hinder the construction of coherent, multi-step plans. In this paper, we propose a novel framework based on Goal-Oriented Graphs (GoGs), where each node represents a goal and edges encode logical dependencies between them. This structure enables the explicit retrieval of causal reasoning paths by identifying a high-level goal and recursively retrieving its prerequisites, forming a coherent chain to guide the LLM. Through extensive experiments on the Minecraft testbed, a domain that demands robust multi-step planning and provides rich procedural knowledge, we demonstrate that GoG substantially improves procedural reasoning and significantly outperforms GraphRAG and other state-of-the-art baselines.", "Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive general capabilities but often struggle with step-by-step reasoning, especially in complex applications such as games. While retrieval-augmented methods like GraphRAG attempt to bridge this gap through cross-document extraction and indexing, their fragmented entity-relation graphs and overly dense local connectivity hinder the construction of coherent reasoning. In this paper, we propose a novel framework based on Goal-Oriented Graphs (GoGs), where each node represents a goal and its associated attributes, and edges encode logical dependencies between goals. This structure enables explicit retrieval of reasoning paths by first identifying high-level goals and recursively retrieving their subgoals, forming coherent reasoning chains to guide LLM prompting. Our method significantly enhances the reasoning ability of LLMs in game-playing tasks, as demonstrated by extensive experiments on the Minecraft testbed, outperforming GraphRAG and other baselines."], "persona": "games", "qid": "T5_games_8b6c9c10940e", "question": {"delta_files": ["1d588267cf7bd2a3.pdf", "427e92fc71d10cc8.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/1d588267cf7bd2a3.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/427e92fc71d10cc8.txt"], "object": "a6675c800b434f72.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"a6675c800b434f72.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Weiqiang Jin; Hongyang Du; Guizhong Liu; Dong In Kim", "Lekai Chen; Alvaro Velasquez; Ashutosh Trivedi", "Haobin Qin; Baofeng Zhang; Hidehisa Akiyama; Keisuke Fujii", "Weiqiang Jin; Yang Liu; Shixiang Tang; Jinhu Qi; Wentao Zhang; Junli Wang; Biao Zhao; Hongyang Du"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T5_games_607d7a7b3f0c", "question": {"delta_files": ["0c4065368d149d57.pdf", "36d19053a7b92b33.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/0c4065368d149d57.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/36d19053a7b92b33.txt"], "object": "29e54524e9c54781.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "Who is the author list of the PDF document \"29e54524e9c54781.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Where Does AI Leave a Footprint? Children's Reasoning About AI's Environmental Costs", "VANGUARD: Vehicle-Anchored Ground Sample Distance Estimation for UAVs in GPS-Denied Environments", "Agents Catching Agents: Shortcut Cascades and Benchmark Gaming in Clinical Multi-Agent Systems", "VehAnchor: Metadata-Free Metric Scale Recovery from Vehicle Cues in Aerial Imagery"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T5_games_d5eabe6da584", "question": {"delta_files": ["4a363f96322f3525.pdf", "634715aa5605a5c7.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/4a363f96322f3525.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/634715aa5605a5c7.txt"], "object": "cca2062b93108316.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"cca2062b93108316.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["While large language models (LLMs) have accelerated 2D software development through intent-driven \"vibe coding\", prototyping intelligent Extended Reality (XR) experiences remains a major challenge. The fundamental barrier is not just the steep learning curve for human creators, but that low-level sensor APIs and complex game engine hierarchies are ill-suited for LLM reasoning, routinely exceeding context windows and inducing syntax hallucinations. To bridge this gap, we contribute XR Blocks, an open-source, LLM-native WebXR framework. Unlike traditional engines, XR Blocks introduces a semantic \"Reality Model\" that aligns spatial computing primitives (users, physical environments, and agents) with natural language, providing a robust, concise vocabulary optimized for generative AI. Building upon this foundation, we present Vibe Coding XR, an end-to-end prototyping workflow that leverages LLMs to translate high-level prompts (e.g., \"create a dandelion that reacts to my hand\") directly into functional, physics-aware mixed-reality applications. To minimize the friction of on-device testing, the workflow introduces a seamless desktop \"simulated reality\" to headset deployment loop. Finally, we introduce VCXR60, a pilot dataset of 60 XR prompts paired with an automated evaluation pipeline. Our technical evaluation demonstrates high one-shot execution success, enabling practitioners to bypass lowlevel hurdles and rapidly move from \"idea to reality\". Code and live demos are available at https://github.com/google/xrblocks and http://xrblocks.github.io/gem.", "This study investigates the psychophysiological effects of loot box interactions in video games and their potential similarities to those recorded during gambling interactions. Using electrodermal activity (EDA) measurements, the research examines player arousal during loot box interactions and explores the relationship between Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) severity and loot box interactions from a psychophysiological perspective. The study employs a custom-designed game to control experimental conditions and standardise loot box interactions. Participants' IGD severity is assessed using the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale - Short Form (IGDS9-SF), while arousal is measured through EDA, analysing both tonic and phasic components. The study contributes to the ongoing debate surrounding gaming disorder and loot boxes, offering insights for game developers and policymakers on the potential risks associated with random reward mechanisms in video games.", "While large language models have accelerated software development through \"vibe coding\", prototyping intelligent Extended Reality (XR) experiences remains inaccessible due to the friction of complex game engines and low-level sensor integration. To bridge this gap, we contribute XR Blocks, an open-source, modular WebXR framework that abstracts spatial computing complexities into high-level, human-centered primitives. Building upon this foundation, we present Vibe Coding XR, an end-to-end rapid prototyping workflow that leverages LLMs to translate natural language intent directly into functional XR software. Using a web-based interface, creators can transform high-level prompts (e.g., \"create a dandelion that reacts to hand\") into interactive WebXR applications in under a minute. We provide a preliminary technical evaluation on a pilot dataset (VCXR60) alongside diverse application scenarios highlighting mixed-reality realism, multi-modal interaction, and generative AI integrations. By democratizing spatial software creation, this work empowers practitioners to bypass low-level hurdles and rapidly move from \"idea to reality.\" Code and live demos are available at https://xrblocks.github.io/gem and https://github.com/google/xrblocks.", "Large language models (LLMs), especially reasoning models, generate extended chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning that often contains explicit deliberation over future outcomes. Yet whether this deliberation constitutes genuine planning, how it is structured, and what aspects of it drive performance remain poorly understood. In this work, we introduce a new method to characterize LLM planning by extracting and quantifying search trees from reasoning traces in the four-in-a-row board game. By fitting computational models on the extracted search trees, we characterize how plans are structured and how they influence move decisions. We find that LLMs' search is shallower than humans', and that performance is predicted by search breadth rather than depth. Most strikingly, although LLMs expand deep nodes in their traces, their move choices are best explained by a myopic model that ignores those nodes entirely. A causal intervention study where we selectively prune CoT paragraphs further suggests that move selection is driven predominantly by shallow rather than deep nodes. These patterns contrast with human planning, where performance is driven primarily by deep search. Together, our findings reveal a key difference between LLM and human planning: while human expertise is driven by deeper search, LLMs do not act on deep lookahead. This dissociation offers targeted guidance for aligning LLM and human planning. More broadly, our framework provides a generalizable approach for interpreting the structure of LLM planning across strategic domains."], "persona": "games", "qid": "T5_games_cb751379b379", "question": {"delta_files": ["7e1e3b0177c82c8f.pdf", "013b05ebcb4a3628.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/7e1e3b0177c82c8f.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/013b05ebcb4a3628.txt"], "object": "f427825de0e1d620.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"f427825de0e1d620.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["bFaaaP: An Inclusive, Head-Angle Piano-Pedal Interaction that Quantitatively Reproduces a Pianist's Intended Pedalling -- Foot-Free, for Acoustic and Electronic Pianos", "Neurophysiological Insights into Multimedia-based Education: A PRISMA-ScR Review of fNIRS in Game-Integrated Learning Systems", "A Scoping Review of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) Applications in Game-integrated Learning Systems", "ForgeWM: Progressive Causal Training for Few-Step Action-Conditioned Video World Models"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T5_games_cb1f93c91768", "question": {"delta_files": ["764c366f0b8bf551.pdf", "e0d02837d67fc99a.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/764c366f0b8bf551.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/e0d02837d67fc99a.txt"], "object": "103cf44c4bf5a671.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"103cf44c4bf5a671.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["bFaaaP: An Inclusive, Head-Angle Piano-Pedal Interaction that Quantitatively Reproduces a Pianist's Intended Pedalling -- Foot-Free, for Acoustic and Electronic Pianos", "Overcoming Environmental Meta-Stationarity in MARL via Adaptive Curriculum and Counterfactual Group Advantage", "DOTA: Distributional Test-Time Adaptation of Vision-Language Models", "Curriculum Learning With Counterfactual Group Relative Policy Advantage For Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning"], "persona": "games", "qid": "T5_games_84981a211370", "question": {"delta_files": ["0c4065368d149d57.pdf", "36d19053a7b92b33.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/games/deltas/0c4065368d149d57.pdf", "corpus/games/deltas/36d19053a7b92b33.txt"], "object": "29e54524e9c54781.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"29e54524e9c54781.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
diff --git a/release/questions/T5/music.jsonl b/release/questions/T5/music.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6393f7eb6ea3e1ce1c4f9d88d9ce2d50f320c956
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/questions/T5/music.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["A key challenge in music generation models is their lack of direct alignment with human preferences, as music evaluation is inherently subjective and varies widely across individuals. We introduce MR-FlowDPO, a novel approach that enhances flow-matching-based music generation models - a major class of modern music generative models, using Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) with multiple musical rewards. The rewards are crafted to assess music quality across three key dimensions: text alignment, audio production quality, and semantic consistency, utilizing scalable off-the-shelf models for each reward prediction. We employ these rewards in two ways: (i) By constructing preference data for DPO and (ii) by integrating the rewards into text prompting. To address the ambiguity in musicality evaluation, we propose a novel scoring mechanism leveraging semantic self-supervised representations, which significantly improves the rhythmic stability of generated music. We conduct an extensive evaluation using a variety of music-specific objective metrics as well as a human study. Results show that MR-FlowDPO significantly enhances overall music generation quality and is consistently preferred over highly competitive baselines in terms of audio quality, text alignment, and musicality. Our code is publicly available at https://github.com/lonzi/mrflow_dpo; Samples are provided in our demo page at https://lonzi.github.io/mr_flowdpo_demopage/.", "Many people with hearing loss struggle to comprehend speech in crowded auditory scenes, even when they are using hearing aids. Future hearing technologies which can identify the focus of a listener's auditory attention, and selectively amplify that sound alone, could improve the experience that this patient group has with their hearing aids. In this work, we present the results of our experiments with an ultra-wearable in-ear electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring device. Participants listened to two competing speakers in an auditory attention experiment whilst their EEG was recorded. We show that typical neural responses to the speech envelope, as well as its onsets, can be recovered from such a device, and that the morphology of the recorded responses is indeed modulated by selective attention to speech. Features of the attended and ignored speech stream can also be reconstructed from the EEG recordings, with the reconstruction quality serving as a marker of selective auditory attention. Using the stimulus-reconstruction method, we show that with this device auditory attention can be decoded from short segments of EEG recordings which are of just a few seconds in duration. The results provide further evidence that ear-EEG systems offer good prospects for wearable auditory monitoring as well as future cognitively-steered hearing aids.", "Many people with hearing loss struggle to comprehend speech in crowded auditory scenes, even when they are using hearing aids. It has recently been demonstrated that the focus of a listener's selective attention to speech can be decoded from their electroencephalography (EEG) recordings, raising the prospect of smart EEG-steered hearing aids which restore speech comprehension in adverse acoustic environments (such as the cocktail party). To this end, we here assess the feasibility of using a novel, ultra-wearable ear-EEG device to classify the selective attention of normal-hearing listeners who participated in a two-talker competing-speakers experiment. Eighteen participants took part in a diotic listening task, whereby they were asked to attend to one narrator whilst ignoring the other. Encoding models were estimated from the recorded signals, and these confirmed that the device has the ability to capture auditory responses that are consistent with those reported in high-density EEG studies. Several state-of-the-art auditory attention decoding algorithms were next compared, including stimulus-reconstruction algorithms based on linear regression as well as non-linear deep neural networks, and canonical correlation analysis (CCA). Meaningful markers of selective auditory attention could be extracted from the ear-EEG signals of all 18 participants, even when those markers were derived from relatively short EEG segments of just five seconds in duration. Algorithms which related the EEG signals to the rising edges of the speech temporal envelope (onset envelope) were more successful than those which made use of the temporal envelope itself. The CCA algorithm achieved the highest mean attention decoding accuracy, although differences between the performances of the three algorithms were both small and not statistically significant when EEG segments of short durations were employed.", "The recent surge in AI-generated songs presents exciting possibilities and challenges. While these inventions democratize music creation, they also necessitate the ability to distinguish between human-composed and synthetic songs to safeguard artistic integrity and protect human musical artistry. Existing research and datasets in fake song detection only focus on singing voice deepfake detection (SVDD), where the vocals are AI-generated but the instrumental music is sourced from real songs. However, these approaches are inadequate for detecting contemporary end-to-end artificial songs where all components (vocals, music, lyrics, and style) could be AI-generated. Additionally, existing datasets lack music-lyrics diversity, long-duration songs, and open-access fake songs. To address these gaps, we introduce SONICS, a novel dataset for end-to-end Synthetic Song Detection (SSD), comprising over 97k songs (4,751 hours) with over 49k synthetic songs from popular platforms like Suno and Udio. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of modeling long-range temporal dependencies in songs for effective authenticity detection, an aspect entirely overlooked in existing methods. To utilize long-range patterns, we introduce SpecTTTra, a novel architecture that significantly improves time and memory efficiency over conventional CNN and Transformer-based models. In particular, for long audio samples, our top-performing variant outperforms ViT by 8% F1 score while being 38% faster and using 26% less memory. Additionally, in comparison with ConvNeXt, our model achieves 1% gain in F1 score with 20% boost in speed and 67% reduction in memory usage. Other variants of our model family provide even better speed and memory efficiency with competitive performance."], "persona": "music", "qid": "T5_music_48fe1956bf9c", "question": {"delta_files": ["ba0db3e2d4190bc9.pdf", "6a297c7d1abeb445.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/ba0db3e2d4190bc9.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/6a297c7d1abeb445.txt"], "object": "8e47986322e5ee92.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"8e47986322e5ee92.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["ACMID: Automatic Curation of Musical Instrument Dataset for 7-Stem Music Source Separation", "Automatic Curation of Large-Scale, High-Quality, Multi-Category Music Source Separation Dataset", "Local deployment of large-scale music AI models on commodity hardware", "Weakly Supervised Detection and Temporal Localization of Whale Calls in Long-Duration Bioacoustic Data"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T5_music_7a22101758ba", "question": {"delta_files": ["d100c9eead5d0a53.pdf", "206fdad84df6eded.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/d100c9eead5d0a53.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/206fdad84df6eded.txt"], "object": "4e142b44c7d027d9.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"4e142b44c7d027d9.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Aryan Vijay Bhosale; Vaibhavi Lokegaonkar; Vishnu Raj; Gouthaman KV; Sreyan Ghosh; Ramani Duraiswami; Lie Lu; Dinesh Manocha", "Yaodong Song; Hongjie Chen; Jie Lian; Yuxin Zhang; Guangmin Xia; Zehan Li; Genliang Zhao; Jian Kang; Yongxiang Li; Jie Li", "Kin Wai Cheuk; Ryosuke Sawata; Toshimitsu Uesaka; Naoki Murata; Naoya Takahashi; Shusuke Takahashi; Dorien Herremans; Yuki Mitsufuji", "Yaodong Song; Hongjie Chen; Jie Lian; Yuxin Zhang; Guangmin Xia; Zehan Li; Genliang Zhao; Jian Kang; Jie Li; Yongxiang Li; Xuelong Li"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T5_music_3ac84a0994d8", "question": {"delta_files": ["e7ec53170fc3499f.pdf", "8539f9957044bd46.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/e7ec53170fc3499f.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/8539f9957044bd46.txt"], "object": "41ce1a5f68c54f1c.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "Who are the authors of the PDF document \"41ce1a5f68c54f1c.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Audio-Visual Speech Enhancement: Architectural Design and Deployment Strategies", "Tight-Frame Reconstruction for Acoustic Intensity Estimation Using Cardioid Microphone Pairs", "Nested Music Transformer: Sequentially Decoding Compound Tokens in Symbolic Music and Audio Generation", "Acoustic intensity estimation using cardioid microphone pairs in tight-frame configurations"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T5_music_859664c4c0d1", "question": {"delta_files": ["e1ca26cb61159a41.pdf", "d2a3a5aa5e809b1d.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/e1ca26cb61159a41.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/d2a3a5aa5e809b1d.txt"], "object": "f24f4c320c2b325c.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"f24f4c320c2b325c.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Boyang Wang; Yash Vishe; Xin Xu; Zachary Novack; Julian McAuley; Junda Wu", "Boyang Wang; Yash Vishe; Xin Xu; Zachary Novack; Xunyi Jiang; Julian McAuley; Junda Wu", "Yuxuan Liu; Peihong Zhang; Rui Sang; Zhixin Li; Yizhou Tan; Yiqiang Cai; Shengchen Li", "Qihao Zhao; Yunqi Cao; Yangyu Huang; Hui Yi Leong; Fan Zhang; Kim-Hui Yap; Wei Hu"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T5_music_2b33a0c66656", "question": {"delta_files": ["6eb5daafce37c429.pdf", "69b18150155ed5a8.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/6eb5daafce37c429.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/69b18150155ed5a8.txt"], "object": "bd39ef4ef02fad2b.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "Who is in the author list of the PDF document \"bd39ef4ef02fad2b.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["CSyMR: Benchmarking Compositional Music Information Retrieval in Symbolic Music Reasoning", "Hierarchical Self-Supervised Representation Learning for Depression Detection from Speech", "CSyMR: Benchmarking Compositional Symbolic Muisc Reasoning With MIR Tool Integration", "Quantifying Articulatory Coordination as a Biomarker for Schizophrenia"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T5_music_951c68e3162e", "question": {"delta_files": ["6eb5daafce37c429.pdf", "69b18150155ed5a8.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/6eb5daafce37c429.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/69b18150155ed5a8.txt"], "object": "bd39ef4ef02fad2b.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"bd39ef4ef02fad2b.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Decoding of Selective Attention to Speech From Ear-EEG Recordings", "Alias-Free Oscillator Synchronization via Additive Synthesis", "Self-Supervised Speech Representations Track Spoken Language Convergence to Adult Models in Infants and Children Who Are Deaf/Hard-of-Hearing", "Comparison of linear and nonlinear methods for decoding selective attention to speech from ear-EEG recordings"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T5_music_debde1305190", "question": {"delta_files": ["ba0db3e2d4190bc9.pdf", "6a297c7d1abeb445.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/ba0db3e2d4190bc9.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/6a297c7d1abeb445.txt"], "object": "8e47986322e5ee92.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"8e47986322e5ee92.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Discovering and Steering Interpretable Concepts in Large Generative Music Models", "Accompaniment Prompt Adherence: A measure for evaluating music accompaniment systems", "Measuring Audio Prompt Adherence with Distribution-based Embedding Distances", "SONICS: Synthetic Or Not -- Identifying Counterfeit Songs"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T5_music_a3b89a7355c8", "question": {"delta_files": ["17fbc11813570020.pdf", "94da2f75077bfb71.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/17fbc11813570020.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/94da2f75077bfb71.txt"], "object": "f1957946d002932a.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"f1957946d002932a.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["GOAT-TTS: Expressive and Realistic Speech Generation via A Dual-Branch LLM", "GOAT-TTS: LLM-based Text-To-Speech Generation Optimized via A Dual-Branch Architecture", "AMT-APC: Automatic Piano Cover by Fine-Tuning an Automatic Music Transcription Model", "Exploring System Adaptations For Minimum Latency Real-Time Piano Transcription"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T5_music_a49218a925a1", "question": {"delta_files": ["e7ec53170fc3499f.pdf", "8539f9957044bd46.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/e7ec53170fc3499f.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/8539f9957044bd46.txt"], "object": "41ce1a5f68c54f1c.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"41ce1a5f68c54f1c.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Huan Zhang; Taegyun Kwon; Anders Friburg; Junyan Jiang; Hayeon Bang; Hyeyoon Cho; Gus Xia; Akira Maezawa; Simon Dixon; Dasaem Jeong", "Hitoshi Suda; Shunsuke Yoshida; Tomohiko Nakamura; Satoru Fukayama; Jun Ogata", "Huan Zhang; Taegyun Kwon; Anders Friberg; Junyan Jiang; Hayeon Bang; Hyeyoon Cho; Gus Xia; Akira Maezawa; Simon Dixon; Dasaem Jeong", "Michele Mancusi; Yurii Halychanskyi; Kin Wai Cheuk; Chieh-Hsin Lai; Stefan Uhlich; Junghyun Koo; Marco A. Martínez-Ramírez; Wei-Hsiang Liao; Giorgio Fabbro; Yuki Mitsufuji"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T5_music_86e97a5a4611", "question": {"delta_files": ["a288987be2ad467e.pdf", "e530a4cc3305404f.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/a288987be2ad467e.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/e530a4cc3305404f.txt"], "object": "02eda1813c15efd8.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "Who are the authors of the PDF document \"02eda1813c15efd8.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["In recent years, emerging research at the intersection of quantum physics and sound synthesis has opened new conceptual and technical possibilities for instrument design and sonic exploration. This study investigates the potential of formal analogies between quantum systems and classically non-deterministic systems for the generation of tangible acoustic phenomena. Specifically, it explores how quantum mechanical concepts can serve not only as metaphors but as operative frameworks in the design of new musical tools. Building on recent theoretical work on stochastic string excitation, we present the design, fabrication, and spectral characterization of a custom-built noise-driven electroacoustic string instrument. The system implements open-loop stochastic electromagnetic actuation without feedback or pitch stabilization. We show that this excitation strategy produces a dense and uniformly distributed spectral regime that differs from conventional deterministic string excitation. This work contributes to a growing field of quantum music creation by offering a hybrid artistic-scientific platform with potential applications in live performance, experimental composition, and science education.", "We introduce Label-Combination Prototypical Networks (LC-Protonets) to address the problem of multi-label few-shot classification, where a model must generalize to new classes based on only a few available examples. Extending Prototypical Networks, LC-Protonets generate one prototype per label combination, derived from the power set of labels present in the limited training items, rather than one prototype per label. Our method is applied to automatic audio tagging across diverse music datasets, covering various cultures and including both modern and traditional music, and is evaluated against existing approaches in the literature. The results demonstrate a significant performance improvement in almost all domains and training setups when using LC-Protonets for multi-label classification. In addition to training a few-shot learning model from scratch, we explore the use of a pre-trained model, obtained via supervised learning, to embed items in the feature space. Fine-tuning improves the generalization ability of all methods, yet LC-Protonets achieve high-level performance even without fine-tuning, in contrast to the comparative approaches. We finally analyze the scalability of the proposed method, providing detailed quantitative metrics from our experiments. The implementation and experimental setup are made publicly available, offering a benchmark for future research.", "Music-driven dance generation is a challenging task as it requires strict adherence to genre-specific choreography while ensuring physically realistic and precisely synchronized dance sequences with the music's beats and rhythm. Although significant progress has been made in music-conditioned dance generation, most existing methods struggle to convey specific stylistic attributes in generated dance. To bridge this gap, we propose a diffusion-based framework for genre-specific 3D full-body dance generation, conditioned on both music and descriptive text. To effectively incorporate genre information, we develop a text-based control mechanism that maps input prompts, either explicit genre labels or free-form descriptive text, into genre-specific control signals, enabling precise and controllable text-guided generation of genre-consistent dance motions. Furthermore, to enhance the alignment between music and textual conditions, we leverage the features of a music foundation model, facilitating coherent and semantically aligned dance synthesis. Last, to balance the objectives of extracting text-genre information and maintaining high-quality generation results, we propose a novel multi-task optimization strategy. This effectively balances competing factors such as physical realism, spatial accuracy, and text classification, significantly improving the overall quality of the generated sequences. Extensive experimental results obtained on the FineDance and AIST++ datasets demonstrate the superiority of GCDance over the existing state-of-the-art approaches.", "Generating high-quality full-body dance sequences from music is a challenging task as it requires strict adherence to genre-specific choreography. Moreover, the generated sequences must be both physically realistic and precisely synchronized with the beats and rhythm of the music. To overcome these challenges, we propose GCDance, a classifier-free diffusion framework for generating genre-specific dance motions conditioned on both music and textual prompts. Specifically, our approach extracts music features by combining high-level pre-trained music foundation model features with hand-crafted features for multi-granularity feature fusion. To achieve genre controllability, we leverage CLIP to efficiently embed genre-based textual prompt representations at each time step within our dance generation pipeline. Our GCDance framework can generate diverse dance styles from the same piece of music while ensuring coherence with the rhythm and melody of the music. Extensive experimental results obtained on the FineDance dataset demonstrate that GCDance significantly outperforms the existing state-of-the-art approaches, which also achieve competitive results on the AIST++ dataset. Our ablation and inference time analysis demonstrate that GCDance provides an effective solution for high-quality music-driven dance generation."], "persona": "music", "qid": "T5_music_e4f542ad4c35", "question": {"delta_files": ["a2464ea1a728fe29.pdf", "ea97a7aa0749bf6d.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/a2464ea1a728fe29.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/ea97a7aa0749bf6d.txt"], "object": "7446ddfb5bcb0ad0.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"7446ddfb5bcb0ad0.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["In this paper we propose a novel generative approach, DiffRoll, to tackle automatic music transcription (AMT). Instead of treating AMT as a discriminative task in which the model is trained to convert spectrograms into piano rolls, we think of it as a conditional generative task where we train our model to generate realistic looking piano rolls from pure Gaussian noise conditioned on spectrograms. This new AMT formulation enables DiffRoll to transcribe, generate and even inpaint music. Due to the classifier-free nature, DiffRoll is also able to be trained on unpaired datasets where only piano rolls are available. Our experiments show that DiffRoll outperforms its discriminative counterpart by 17.9 percentage points (ppt.) and our ablation studies also indicate that it outperforms similar existing methods by 3.70 ppt.", "Despite recent advances in multimodal large language models (MLLMs), their ability to understand and interact with music remains limited. Music understanding requires grounded reasoning over symbolic scores and expressive performance audio, which general-purpose MLLMs often fail to handle due to insufficient perceptual grounding. We introduce MuseAgent, a music-centric multimodal agent that augments language models with structured symbolic representations derived from sheet music images and performance audio. By integrating optical music recognition and automatic music transcription modules, MuseAgent enables multi-step reasoning and interaction over fine-grained musical content. To systematically evaluate music understanding capabilities, we further propose MuseBench, a benchmark covering music theory reasoning, score interpretation, and performance-level analysis across text, image, and audio modalities. Experiments show that existing MLLMs perform poorly on these tasks, while MuseAgent achieves substantial improvements, highlighting the importance of structured multimodal grounding for interactive music understanding.", "As Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies continue to evolve, their use in generating realistic, contextually appropriate content has expanded into various domains. Music, an art form and medium for entertainment, deeply rooted into human culture, is seeing an increased involvement of AI into its production. However, despite the effective application of AI music generation (AIGM) tools, the unregulated use of them raises concerns about potential negative impacts on the music industry, copyright and artistic integrity, underscoring the importance of effective AIGM detection. This paper provides an overview of existing AIGM detection methods. To lay a foundation to the general workings and challenges of AIGM detection, we first review general principles of AIGM, including recent advancements in deepfake audios, as well as multimodal detection techniques. We further propose a potential pathway for leveraging foundation models from audio deepfake detection to AIGM detection. Additionally, we discuss implications of these tools and propose directions for future research to address ongoing challenges in the field.", "As Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies continue to evolve, their use in generating realistic, contextually appropriate content has expanded into various domains. Music, an art form and medium for entertainment deeply rooted in human culture, is seeing an increased involvement of AI into its production. However, the unregulated use of AI music generation (AIGM) tools raises concerns about potential negative impacts on the music industry, copyright, and artistic integrity, underscoring the importance of effective AIGM detection. This paper provides a systematic overview of existing AIGM detection methods. We first establish a four-level detection taxonomy: signal-level, feature-level, watermark, and semantic consistency, organising methods according to the type of trace they exploit. Drawing on the more mature field of audio deepfake detection, we then present a stratified transferability analysis that examines which components may or may not transfer to AIGM detection, and under what conditions. A multi-dimensional classification further organises representative methods along input modality, detection granularity, feature type, model type, detection target, robustness setting, and interpretability. We conclude by discussing implications and proposing directions for future research to address ongoing challenges in the field."], "persona": "music", "qid": "T5_music_edde4bb8b270", "question": {"delta_files": ["124ec0f4b915b430.pdf", "3fe0f9357bed2398.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/124ec0f4b915b430.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/3fe0f9357bed2398.txt"], "object": "f5fe4a1dec59b4a9.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"f5fe4a1dec59b4a9.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["In this paper, we propose a new multi-modal task, termed audio-visual instance segmentation (AVIS), which aims to simultaneously identify, segment and track individual sounding object instances in audible videos. To facilitate this research, we introduce a high-quality benchmark named AVISeg, containing over 90K instance masks from 26 semantic categories in 926 long videos. Additionally, we propose a strong baseline model for this task. Our model first localizes sound source within each frame, and condenses object-specific contexts into concise tokens. Then it builds long-range audio-visual dependencies between these tokens using window-based attention, and tracks sounding objects among the entire video sequences. Extensive experiments reveal that our method performs best on AVISeg, surpassing the existing methods from related tasks. We further conduct the evaluation on several multi-modal large models; however, they exhibits subpar performance on instance-level sound source localization and temporal perception. We expect that AVIS will inspire the community towards a more comprehensive multi-modal understanding. The dataset and code will soon be released on https://github.com/ruohaoguo/avis.", "In this paper, we propose a new multi-modal task, termed audio-visual instance segmentation (AVIS), which aims to simultaneously identify, segment and track individual sounding object instances in audible videos. To facilitate this research, we introduce a high-quality benchmark named AVISeg, containing over 90K instance masks from 26 semantic categories in 926 long videos. Additionally, we propose a strong baseline model for this task. Our model first localizes sound source within each frame, and condenses object-specific contexts into concise tokens. Then it builds long-range audio-visual dependencies between these tokens using window-based attention, and tracks sounding objects among the entire video sequences. Extensive experiments reveal that our method performs best on AVISeg, surpassing the existing methods from related tasks. We further conduct the evaluation on several multi-modal large models. Unfortunately, they exhibits subpar performance on instance-level sound source localization and temporal perception. We expect that AVIS will inspire the community towards a more comprehensive multi-modal understanding. Dataset and code is available at https://github.com/ruohaoguo/avis.", "In this work, we systematically study music generation conditioned solely on the video. First, we present a large-scale dataset comprising 360K video-music pairs, including various genres such as movie trailers, advertisements, and documentaries. Furthermore, we propose VidMuse, a simple framework for generating music aligned with video inputs. VidMuse stands out by producing high-fidelity music that is both acoustically and semantically aligned with the video. By incorporating local and global visual cues, VidMuse enables the creation of musically coherent audio tracks that consistently match the video content through Long-Short-Term modeling. Through extensive experiments, VidMuse outperforms existing models in terms of audio quality, diversity, and audio-visual alignment. The code and datasets will be available at https://github.com/ZeyueT/VidMuse/.", "In recent years, emerging research at the intersection of quantum physics and sound synthesis has opened new conceptual and technical possibilities for instrument design and sonic exploration. This study investigates the potential of formal analogies between quantum systems and classically non-deterministic systems for the generation of tangible acoustic phenomena. Specifically, it explores how quantum mechanical concepts can serve not only as metaphors but as operative frameworks in the design of new musical tools. Building on recent theoretical work on stochastic string excitation, we present the design, fabrication, and spectral characterization of a custom-built noise-driven electroacoustic string instrument. The system implements open-loop stochastic electromagnetic actuation without feedback or pitch stabilization. We show that this excitation strategy produces a dense and uniformly distributed spectral regime that differs from conventional deterministic string excitation. This work contributes to a growing field of quantum music creation by offering a hybrid artistic-scientific platform with potential applications in live performance, experimental composition, and science education."], "persona": "music", "qid": "T5_music_61f865bf9ca8", "question": {"delta_files": ["ac4929b63928e4ed.pdf", "163ccbf5ce103088.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/ac4929b63928e4ed.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/163ccbf5ce103088.txt"], "object": "f85e37c023700b16.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"f85e37c023700b16.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["In this research, we present an innovative, parameter-efficient model that utilizes the attention U-Net architecture for the automatic detection and eradication of non-speech vocal sounds, specifically breath sounds, in vocal recordings. This task is of paramount importance in the field of sound engineering, despite being relatively under-explored. The conventional manual process for detecting and eliminating these sounds requires significant expertise and is extremely time-intensive. Existing automated detection and removal methods often fall short in terms of efficiency and precision. Our proposed model addresses these limitations by offering a streamlined process and superior accuracy, achieved through the application of advanced deep learning techniques. A unique dataset, derived from Device and Produced Speech (DAPS), was employed for this purpose. The training phase of the model emphasizes a log spectrogram and integrates an early stopping mechanism to prevent overfitting. Our model not only conserves precious time for sound engineers but also enhances the quality and consistency of audio production. This constitutes a significant breakthrough, as evidenced by its comparative efficiency, necessitating only 1.9M parameters and a training duration of 3.2 hours - markedly less than the top-performing models in this domain. The model is capable of generating identical outputs as previous models with drastically improved precision, making it an optimal choice.", "Marmoset, a highly vocalized primate, has become a popular animal model for studying social-communicative behavior and its underlying mechanism comparing with human infant linguistic developments. In the study of vocal communication, it is vital to know the caller identities, call contents, and vocal exchanges. Previous work of a CNN has achieved a joint model for call segmentation, classification, and caller identification for marmoset vocalizations. However, the CNN has limitations in modeling long-range acoustic patterns; the Transformer architecture that has been shown to outperform CNNs, utilizes the self-attention mechanism that efficiently segregates information parallelly over long distances and captures the global structure of marmoset vocalization. We propose using the Transformer to jointly segment and classify the marmoset calls and identify the callers for each vocalization.", "The marmoset, a highly vocal primate, is a key model for studying social-communicative behavior. Unlike human speech, marmoset vocalizations are less structured, highly variable, and recorded in noisy, low-resource conditions. Learning marmoset communication requires joint call segmentation, classification, and caller identification -- challenging domain tasks. Previous CNNs handle local patterns but struggle with long-range temporal structure. We applied Transformers using self-attention for global dependencies. However, Transformers show overfitting and instability on small, noisy annotated datasets. To address this, we pretrain Transformers with MAE -- a self-supervised method reconstructing masked segments from hundreds of hours of unannotated marmoset recordings. The pretraining improved stability and generalization. Results show MAE-pretrained Transformers outperform CNNs, demonstrating modern self-supervised architectures effectively model low-resource non-human vocal communication.", "Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have recently gained traction in symbolic music tasks, yet a lack of a unified framework impedes progress. Addressing this gap, we present GraphMuse, a graph processing framework and library that facilitates efficient music graph processing and GNN training for symbolic music tasks. Central to our contribution is a new neighbor sampling technique specifically targeted toward meaningful behavior in musical scores. Additionally, GraphMuse integrates hierarchical modeling elements that augment the expressivity and capabilities of graph networks for musical tasks. Experiments with two specific musical prediction tasks -- pitch spelling and cadence detection -- demonstrate significant performance improvement over previous methods. Our hope is that GraphMuse will lead to a boost in, and standardization of, symbolic music processing based on graph representations. The library is available at https://github.com/manoskary/graphmuse"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T5_music_ed60273e57c3", "question": {"delta_files": ["571a4060d979c10e.pdf", "c804fd37fcb22c6c.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/571a4060d979c10e.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/c804fd37fcb22c6c.txt"], "object": "d4fe7a1209eba54b.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"d4fe7a1209eba54b.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Jia-Kai Dong; Yu-Xiang Lin; Hung-Yi Lee", "Ragib Amin Nihal; Benjamin Yen; Runwu Shi; Takeshi Ashizawa; Kazuhiro Nakadai", "Hitoshi Suda; Shunsuke Yoshida; Tomohiko Nakamura; Satoru Fukayama; Jun Ogata", "Ragib Amin Nihal; Benjamin Yen; Runwu Shi; Kazuhiro Nakadai"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T5_music_ff127ccc76fa", "question": {"delta_files": ["7569ab95d73f6f88.pdf", "81ed02cedc2cdf96.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/7569ab95d73f6f88.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/81ed02cedc2cdf96.txt"], "object": "5fb2f9170e8d47f9.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "Who is in the author list of the PDF document \"5fb2f9170e8d47f9.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Learning Marmoset Vocal Patterns with a Masked Autoencoder for Robust Call Segmentation, Classification, and Caller Identification", "MAT-SED: AMasked Audio Transformer with Masked-Reconstruction Based Pre-training for Sound Event Detection", "Improving Data Augmentation-based Cross-Speaker Style Transfer for TTS with Singing Voice, Style Filtering, and F0 Matching", "A Transformer Model for Segmentation, Classification, and Caller Identification of Marmoset Vocalization"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T5_music_6b5852856e77", "question": {"delta_files": ["571a4060d979c10e.pdf", "c804fd37fcb22c6c.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/571a4060d979c10e.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/c804fd37fcb22c6c.txt"], "object": "d4fe7a1209eba54b.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"d4fe7a1209eba54b.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Membership inference attacks (MIAs) test whether a specific audio clip was used to train a model, making them a key tool for auditing generative music models for copyright compliance. However, loss-based signals (e.g., reconstruction error) are weakly aligned with human perception in practice, yielding poor separability at the low false-positive rates (FPRs) required for forensics. We propose the Latent Stability Adversarial Probe (LSA-Probe), a white-box method that measures a geometric property of the reverse diffusion: the minimal time-normalized perturbation budget needed to cross a fixed perceptual degradation threshold at an intermediate diffusion state. We show that training members, residing in more stable regions, exhibit a significantly higher degradation cost.", "In this paper we propose a novel generative approach, DiffRoll, to tackle automatic music transcription (AMT). Instead of treating AMT as a discriminative task in which the model is trained to convert spectrograms into piano rolls, we think of it as a conditional generative task where we train our model to generate realistic looking piano rolls from pure Gaussian noise conditioned on spectrograms. This new AMT formulation enables DiffRoll to transcribe, generate and even inpaint music. Due to the classifier-free nature, DiffRoll is also able to be trained on unpaired datasets where only piano rolls are available. Our experiments show that DiffRoll outperforms its discriminative counterpart by 19 percentage points (ppt.) and our ablation studies also indicate that it outperforms similar existing methods by 4.8 ppt. Source code and demonstration are available https://sony.github.io/DiffRoll/.", "In this paper we propose a novel generative approach, DiffRoll, to tackle automatic music transcription (AMT). Instead of treating AMT as a discriminative task in which the model is trained to convert spectrograms into piano rolls, we think of it as a conditional generative task where we train our model to generate realistic looking piano rolls from pure Gaussian noise conditioned on spectrograms. This new AMT formulation enables DiffRoll to transcribe, generate and even inpaint music. Due to the classifier-free nature, DiffRoll is also able to be trained on unpaired datasets where only piano rolls are available. Our experiments show that DiffRoll outperforms its discriminative counterpart by 17.9 percentage points (ppt.) and our ablation studies also indicate that it outperforms similar existing methods by 3.70 ppt.", "Elderly speech poses unique challenges for automatic processing due to age-related changes such as slower articulation and vocal tremors. Existing Chinese datasets are mostly recorded in controlled environments, limiting their diversity and real-world applicability. To address this gap, we present WildElder, a Mandarin elderly speech corpus collected from online videos and enriched with fine-grained manual annotations, including transcription, speaker age, gender, and accent strength. Combining the realism of in-the-wild data with expert curation, WildElder enables robust research on automatic speech recognition and speaker profiling. Experimental results reveal both the difficulties of elderly speech recognition and the potential of WildElder as a challenging new benchmark. The dataset and code are available at https://github.com/NKU-HLT/WildElder."], "persona": "music", "qid": "T5_music_44c9c5783f96", "question": {"delta_files": ["f36be15218f35da0.pdf", "fc779f4d96604864.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/f36be15218f35da0.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/fc779f4d96604864.txt"], "object": "64d9873ee091f7f7.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"64d9873ee091f7f7.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Music information retrieval distinguishes between low- and high-level descriptions of music. Current generative AI models rely on text descriptions that are higher level than the controls familiar to studio musicians. Pitch strength, a low-level perceptual parameter of contemporary popular music, may be one feature that could make such AI models more suited to music production. Signal and perceptual analyses suggest that pitch strength (1) varies significantly across and inside songs; (2) contributes to both small- and large-scale structure; (3) contributes to the handling of polyphonic dissonance; and (4) may be a feature of upper harmonics made audible in a perspective of perceptual richness.", "As conversational multimodal AI tools are increasingly adopted to process patient data for health assessment, robust benchmarks are needed to measure progress and expose failure modes under realistic conditions. Despite the importance of respiratory audio for mobile health screening, respiratory audio question answering remains underexplored, with existing studies evaluated narrowly and lacking real-world heterogeneity across modalities, devices, and question types. We hence introduce the \\textbf{Respiratory-Audio Question-Answering (RA-QA) benchmark}, including a standardized data generation pipeline, a comprehensive multimodal QA collection, and a unified evaluation protocol. RA-QA harmonizes public RA datasets into a collection of 9 million format-diverse QA pairs covering diagnostic and contextual attributes. We benchmark general audio-language models as well as domain-specific architectures, establishing reproducible reference points and showing how current approaches fail under heterogeneity.", "This study presents FruitsMusic, a metadata corpus of Japanese idol-group songs in the real world, precisely annotated with who sings what and when. Japanese idol-group songs, vital to Japanese pop culture, feature a unique vocal arrangement style, where songs are divided into several segments, and a specific individual or multiple singers are assigned to each segment. To enhance singer diarization methods for recognizing such structures, we constructed FruitsMusic as a resource using 40 music videos of Japanese idol groups from YouTube. The corpus includes detailed annotations, covering songs across various genres, division and assignment styles, and groups ranging from 4 to 9 members. FruitsMusic also facilitates the development of various music information retrieval techniques, such as lyrics transcription and singer identification, benefiting not only Japanese idol-group songs but also a wide range of songs featuring single or multiple singers from various cultures. This paper offers a comprehensive overview of FruitsMusic, including its creation methodology and unique characteristics compared to conversational speech. Additionally, this paper evaluates the efficacy of current methods for singer embedding extraction and diarization in challenging real-world conditions using FruitsMusic. Furthermore, this paper examines potential improvements in automatic diarization performance through evaluating human performance.", "As conversational multimodal AI tools are increasingly adopted to process patient data for health assessment, robust benchmarks are needed to measure progress and expose failure modes under realistic conditions. Despite the importance of respiratory audio for mobile health screening, respiratory audio question answering remains underexplored, with existing studies evaluated narrowly and lacking real-world heterogeneity across modalities, devices, and question types. We hence introduce the Respiratory-Audio Question-Answering (RA-QA) benchmark, including a standardized data generation pipeline, a comprehensive multimodal QA collection, and a unified evaluation protocol. RA-QA harmonizes public RA datasets into a collection of 9 million format-diverse QA pairs covering diagnostic and contextual attributes. We benchmark classical ML baselines alongside multimodal audio-language models, establishing reproducible reference points and showing how current approaches fail under heterogeneity."], "persona": "music", "qid": "T5_music_d550142e7259", "question": {"delta_files": ["540e9a53f5791316.pdf", "0ce280c82f436277.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/540e9a53f5791316.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/0ce280c82f436277.txt"], "object": "056baed4b1a030f9.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"056baed4b1a030f9.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Recent MIDI-to-audio synthesis methods have employed deep neural networks to successfully generate high-quality and expressive instrumental tracks. However, these methods require MIDI annotations for supervised training, limiting the diversity of the output audio in terms of instrument timbres, and expression styles. We propose CoSaRef, a MIDI-to-audio synthesis method that can be developed without MIDI-audio paired datasets. CoSaRef first performs concatenative synthesis based on MIDI inputs and then refines the resulting audio into realistic tracks using a diffusion-based deep generative model trained on audio-only datasets. This approach enhances the diversity of audio timbres and expression styles. It also allows for control over the output timbre based on audio sample selection, similar to traditional functions in digital audio workstations. Experiments show that while inherently capable of generating general tracks with high control over timbre, CoSaRef can also perform comparably to conventional methods in generating realistic audio.", "The rapid advancement of generative audio models has outpaced the development of robust evaluation methodologies. Existing objective metrics and general multimodal large language models (MLLMs) often struggle with domain generalization, zero-shot capabilities, and instructional flexibility. To address these bottlenecks, we propose JASTIN, a generalizable, instruction-driven audio evaluation framework that formulates audio assessment as a self-instructed reasoning task. JASTIN bridges a frozen high-performance audio encoder with a fine-tuned LLM backbone via a trainable audio adapter. To ensure robust zero-shot generalization, we introduce a comprehensive instruction following data preparation pipeline, incorporating Multi-Source, Multi-Task, Multi-Calibration, and Multi-Description data. Experimental results demonstrate that JASTIN achieves state-of-the-art Pearson and Spearman correlations with human subjective ratings. It consistently outperforms general MLLMs across speech, sound, music, and out-of-domain evaluation tasks without the need for task-specific retraining.", "Elderly speech poses unique challenges for automatic processing due to age-related changes such as slower articulation and vocal tremors. Existing Chinese datasets are mostly recorded in controlled environments, limiting their diversity and real-world applicability. To address this gap, we present WildElder, a Mandarin elderly speech corpus collected from online videos and enriched with fine-grained manual annotations, including transcription, speaker age, gender, and accent strength. Combining the realism of in-the-wild data with expert curation, WildElder enables robust research on automatic speech recognition and speaker profiling. Experimental results reveal both the difficulties of elderly speech recognition and the potential of WildElder as a challenging new benchmark. The dataset and code are available at https://github.com/NKU-HLT/WildElder.", "Recent MIDI-to-audio synthesis methods using deep neural networks have successfully generated high-quality, expressive instrumental tracks. However, these methods require MIDI annotations for supervised training, limiting the diversity of instrument timbres and expression styles in the output. We propose CoSaRef, a MIDI-to-audio synthesis method that does not require MIDI-audio paired datasets. CoSaRef first generates a synthetic audio track using concatenative synthesis based on MIDI input, then refines it with a diffusion-based deep generative model trained on datasets without MIDI annotations. This approach improves the diversity of timbres and expression styles. Additionally, it allows detailed control over timbres and expression through audio sample selection and extra MIDI design, similar to traditional functions in digital audio workstations. Experiments showed that CoSaRef could generate realistic tracks while preserving fine-grained timbre control via one-shot samples. Moreover, despite not being supervised on MIDI annotation, CoSaRef outperformed the state-of-the-art timbre-controllable method based on MIDI supervision in both objective and subjective evaluation."], "persona": "music", "qid": "T5_music_a695cfacd0b3", "question": {"delta_files": ["a9098271f017b06f.pdf", "6839dd7a4f6696eb.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/a9098271f017b06f.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/6839dd7a4f6696eb.txt"], "object": "9be7e3f49bf33058.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"9be7e3f49bf33058.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Self-Supervised Speech Representations Track Spoken Language Convergence to Adult Models in Infants and Children Who Are Deaf/Hard-of-Hearing", "Game-Time: Evaluating Temporal Dynamics in Spoken Language Models", "Weakly Supervised Detection and Temporal Localization of Whale Calls in Long-Duration Bioacoustic Data", "Weakly Supervised Multiple Instance Learning for Whale Call Detection and Temporal Localization in Long-Duration Passive Acoustic Monitoring"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T5_music_ef9a90d82697", "question": {"delta_files": ["7569ab95d73f6f88.pdf", "81ed02cedc2cdf96.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/7569ab95d73f6f88.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/81ed02cedc2cdf96.txt"], "object": "5fb2f9170e8d47f9.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"5fb2f9170e8d47f9.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["The broadcasting industry is increasingly adopting IP techniques, revolutionising both live and pre-recorded content production, from news gathering to live music events. IP broadcasting allows for the transport of audio and video signals in an easily configurable way, aligning with modern networking techniques. This shift towards an IP workflow allows for much greater flexibility, not only in routing signals but with the integration of tools using standard web development techniques. One possible tool could include the use of live audio tagging, which has a number of uses in the production of content. These include from automated closed captioning to identifying unwanted sound events within a scene. In this paper, we describe the process of containerising an audio tagging model into a microservice, a small segregated code module that can be integrated into a multitude of different network setups. The goal is to develop a modular, accessible, and flexible tool capable of seamless deployment into broadcasting workflows of all sizes, from small productions to large corporations. Challenges surrounding latency of the selected audio tagging model and its effect on the usefulness of the end product are discussed.", "The goal of cross-speaker style transfer in TTS is to transfer a speech style from a source speaker with expressive data to a target speaker with only neutral data. In this context, we propose using a pre-trained singing voice conversion (SVC) model to convert the expressive data into the target speaker's voice. In the conversion process, we apply a fundamental frequency (F0) matching technique to mitigate tonal variances between speakers with significant timbral differences. A style classifier filter is proposed to select the most expressive output audios for the TTS training. Our approach is comparable to state-of-the-art with only a few minutes of neutral data from the target speaker, while other methods require hours. A perceptual assessment showed improvements brought by the SVC and the style filter in naturalness and style intensity for the styles that display more vocal effort. Also, increased speaker similarity is obtained with the proposed F0 matching algorithm.", "The broadcasting industry has adopted IP technologies, revolutionising both live and pre-recorded content production, from news gathering to live music events. IP broadcasting allows for the transport of audio and video signals in an easily configurable way, aligning with modern networking techniques. This shift towards an IP workflow allows for much greater flexibility, not only in routing signals but with the integration of tools using standard web development techniques. One possible tool could include the use of live audio tagging, which has a number of uses in the production of content. These could include adding sound effects to automated closed captioning or identifying unwanted sound events within a scene. In this paper, we describe the process of containerising an audio tagging model into a microservice, a small segregated code module that can be integrated into a multitude of different network setups. The goal is to develop a modular, accessible, and flexible tool capable of seamless deployment into broadcasting workflows of all sizes, from small productions to large corporations. Challenges surrounding latency of the selected audio tagging model and its effect on the usefulness of the end product are discussed.", "Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning have improved diagnostic capabilities in healthcare, yet limited interpretability continues to hinder clinical adoption. Schizophrenia, a complex disorder with diverse symptoms including disorganized speech and social withdrawal, demands tools that capture symptom severity and provide clinically meaningful insights beyond binary diagnosis. Here, we present an interpretable framework that leverages articulatory speech features through eigenspectra difference plots and a weighted sum with exponential decay (WSED) to quantify vocal tract coordination. Eigenspectra plots effectively distinguished complex from simpler coordination patterns, and WSED scores reliably separated these groups, with ambiguity confined to a narrow range near zero. Importantly, WSED scores correlated not only with overall BPRS severity but also with the balance between positive and negative symptoms, reflecting more complex coordination in subjects with pronounced positive symptoms and the opposite trend for stronger negative symptoms. This approach offers a transparent, severity-sensitive biomarker for schizophrenia, advancing the potential for clinically interpretable speech-based assessment tools."], "persona": "music", "qid": "T5_music_f8b877f65cd8", "question": {"delta_files": ["7cca8fa7b09bdd31.pdf", "105658c3846f2279.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/7cca8fa7b09bdd31.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/105658c3846f2279.txt"], "object": "966f6d3652513c89.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"966f6d3652513c89.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["The evaluation of music understanding in Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) requires a rigorously defined benchmark that truly tests whether models can perceive and interpret music, a standard that current data methodologies frequently fail to meet. This paper introduces a meticulously structured approach to music evaluation, proposing a new dataset of 320 hand-written questions curated and validated by experts with musical training, arguing that such focused, manual curation is superior for probing complex audio comprehension. To demonstrate the use of the dataset, we benchmark six state-of-the-art LALMs and additionally test their robustness to uni-modal shortcuts.", "Conversational recommendation has advanced rapidly with large language models (LLMs), yet music remains a uniquely challenging domain in which effective recommendations require reasoning over audio content beyond what text or metadata can capture. We present MusiCRS, the first benchmark for audio-centric conversational recommendation that links authentic user conversations from Reddit with corresponding tracks. MusiCRS includes 477 high-quality conversations spanning diverse genres (classical, hip-hop, electronic, metal, pop, indie, jazz), with 3,589 unique musical entities and audio grounding via YouTube links. MusiCRS supports evaluation under three input modality configurations: audio-only, query-only, and audio+query, allowing systematic comparison of audio-LLMs, retrieval models, and traditional approaches. Our experiments reveal that current systems struggle with cross-modal integration, with optimal performance frequently occurring in single-modality settings rather than multimodal configurations. This highlights fundamental limitations in cross-modal knowledge integration, as models excel at dialogue semantics but struggle when grounding abstract musical concepts in audio. To facilitate progress, we release the MusiCRS dataset (https://huggingface.co/datasets/rohan2810/MusiCRS), evaluation code (https://github.com/rohan2810/musiCRS), and comprehensive baselines.", "Conversational recommendation has advanced rapidly with large language models (LLMs), yet music remains a uniquely challenging domain where effective recommendations require reasoning over audio content beyond what text or metadata can capture. We present MusiCRS, the first benchmark for audio-centric conversational recommendation that links authentic user conversations from Reddit with corresponding audio tracks. MusiCRS contains 477 high-quality conversations spanning diverse genres (classical, hip-hop, electronic, metal, pop, indie, jazz) with 3,589 unique musical entities and audio grounding via YouTube links. MusiCRS enables evaluation across three input modality configurations: audio-only, query-only, and audio+query (multimodal), allowing systematic comparison of audio-LLMs, retrieval models, and traditional approaches. Our experiments reveal that current systems rely heavily on textual signals and struggle with nuanced audio reasoning. This exposes fundamental limitations in cross-modal knowledge integration where models excel at dialogue semantics but cannot effectively ground abstract musical concepts in actual audio content. To facilitate progress, we release the MusiCRS dataset (https://huggingface.co/datasets/rohan2810/MusiCRS), evaluation code (https://github.com/rohan2810/musiCRS), and comprehensive baselines.", "While large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis through discrete tokenization paradigms, current architectures exhibit fundamental tensions between three critical dimensions: 1) irreversible loss of acoustic characteristics caused by quantization of speech prompts; 2) stringent dependence on precisely aligned prompt speech-text pairs that limit real-world deployment; and 3) catastrophic forgetting of the LLM's native text comprehension during optimization for speech token generation. To address these challenges, we propose an LLM-based text-to-speech Generation approach Optimized via a novel dual-branch ArchiTecture (GOAT-TTS). Our framework introduces two key innovations: (1) The modality-alignment branch combines a speech encoder and projector to capture continuous acoustic embeddings, enabling bidirectional correlation between paralinguistic features (language, timbre, emotion) and semantic text representations without transcript dependency; (2) The speech-generation branch employs modular fine-tuning on top-k layers of an LLM for speech token prediction while freezing the bottom-n layers to preserve foundational linguistic knowledge. Moreover, multi-token prediction is introduced to support real-time streaming TTS synthesis. Experimental results demonstrate that our GOAT-TTS achieves performance comparable to state-of-the-art TTS models while validating the efficacy of synthesized dialect speech data."], "persona": "music", "qid": "T5_music_f1d656b0b4e5", "question": {"delta_files": ["4145f274b492216b.pdf", "96e089c9035c4fea.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/4145f274b492216b.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/96e089c9035c4fea.txt"], "object": "410044b9b48d87d1.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"410044b9b48d87d1.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["The recent surge in AI-generated songs presents exciting possibilities and challenges. These innovations necessitate the ability to distinguish between human-composed and synthetic songs to safeguard artistic integrity and protect human musical artistry. Existing research and datasets in fake song detection only focus on singing voice deepfake detection (SVDD), where the vocals are AI-generated but the instrumental music is sourced from real songs. However, these approaches are inadequate for detecting contemporary end-to-end artificial songs where all components (vocals, music, lyrics, and style) could be AI-generated. Additionally, existing datasets lack music-lyrics diversity, long-duration songs, and open-access fake songs. To address these gaps, we introduce SONICS, a novel dataset for end-to-end Synthetic Song Detection (SSD), comprising over 97k songs (4,751 hours) with over 49k synthetic songs from popular platforms like Suno and Udio. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of modeling long-range temporal dependencies in songs for effective authenticity detection, an aspect entirely overlooked in existing methods. To utilize long-range patterns, we introduce SpecTTTra, a novel architecture that significantly improves time and memory efficiency over conventional CNN and Transformer-based models. For long songs, our top-performing variant outperforms ViT by 8% in F1 score, is 38% faster, and uses 26% less memory, while also surpassing ConvNeXt with a 1% F1 score gain, 20% speed boost, and 67% memory reduction.", "This paper presents the first comprehensive systematic review of literature on style-based composer identification and authorship attribution in symbolic music scores. Addressing the critical need for improved reliability and reproducibility in this field, the review rigorously analyzes 58 peer-reviewed papers published across various historical periods, with the search adapted to evolving terminology. The analysis critically assesses prevailing repertoires, computational approaches, and evaluation methodologies, highlighting significant challenges. It reveals that a substantial portion of existing research suffers from inadequate validation protocols and an over-reliance on simple accuracy metrics for often imbalanced datasets, which can undermine the credibility of attribution claims. The crucial role of robust metrics like Balanced Accuracy and rigorous cross-validation in ensuring trustworthy results is emphasized. The survey also details diverse feature representations and the evolution of machine learning models employed. Notable real-world authorship attribution cases, such as those involving works attributed to Bach, Josquin Desprez, and Lennon-McCartney, are specifically discussed, illustrating the opportunities and pitfalls of applying computational techniques to resolve disputed musical provenance. Based on these insights, a set of actionable guidelines for future research are proposed. These recommendations are designed to significantly enhance the reliability, reproducibility, and musicological validity of composer identification and authorship attribution studies, fostering more robust and interpretable computational stylistic analysis.", "The recent surge in AI-generated songs presents exciting possibilities and challenges. While these inventions democratize music creation, they also necessitate the ability to distinguish between human-composed and synthetic songs to safeguard artistic integrity and protect human musical artistry. Existing research and datasets in fake song detection only focus on singing voice deepfake detection (SVDD), where the vocals are AI-generated but the instrumental music is sourced from real songs. However, these approaches are inadequate for detecting contemporary end-to-end artificial songs where all components (vocals, music, lyrics, and style) could be AI-generated. Additionally, existing datasets lack music-lyrics diversity, long-duration songs, and open-access fake songs. To address these gaps, we introduce SONICS, a novel dataset for end-to-end Synthetic Song Detection (SSD), comprising over 97k songs (4,751 hours) with over 49k synthetic songs from popular platforms like Suno and Udio. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of modeling long-range temporal dependencies in songs for effective authenticity detection, an aspect entirely overlooked in existing methods. To utilize long-range patterns, we introduce SpecTTTra, a novel architecture that significantly improves time and memory efficiency over conventional CNN and Transformer-based models. In particular, for long audio samples, our top-performing variant outperforms ViT by 8% F1 score while being 38% faster and using 26% less memory. Additionally, in comparison with ConvNeXt, our model achieves 1% gain in F1 score with 20% boost in speed and 67% reduction in memory usage. Other variants of our model family provide even better speed and memory efficiency with competitive performance.", "Granite-speech LLMs are compact and efficient speech language models specifically designed for English ASR and automatic speech translation (AST). The models were trained by modality aligning the 2B and 8B parameter variants of granite-3.3-instruct to speech on publicly available open-source corpora containing audio inputs and text targets consisting of either human transcripts for ASR or automatically generated translations for AST. Comprehensive benchmarking shows that on English ASR, which was our primary focus, they outperform several competitors' models that were trained on orders of magnitude more proprietary data, and they keep pace on English-to-X AST for major European languages, Japanese, and Chinese. The speech-specific components are: a conformer acoustic encoder using block attention and self-conditioning trained with connectionist temporal classification, a windowed query-transformer speech modality adapter used to do temporal downsampling of the acoustic embeddings and map them to the LLM text embedding space, and LoRA adapters to further fine-tune the text LLM. Granite-speech-3.3 operates in two modes: in speech mode, it performs ASR and AST by activating the encoder, projector, and LoRA adapters; in text mode, it calls the underlying granite-3.3-instruct model directly (without LoRA), essentially preserving all the text LLM capabilities and safety. Both models are freely available on HuggingFace (https://huggingface.co/ibm-granite/granite-speech-3.3-2b and https://huggingface.co/ibm-granite/granite-speech-3.3-8b) and can be used for both research and commercial purposes under a permissive Apache 2.0 license."], "persona": "music", "qid": "T5_music_8249139e8d19", "question": {"delta_files": ["e33cdc6baf4f4ebd.pdf", "82a49530f21bfb83.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/e33cdc6baf4f4ebd.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/82a49530f21bfb83.txt"], "object": "ba68762ab8c71fe7.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"ba68762ab8c71fe7.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["This paper explores transformer-based models for music overpainting, focusing on jazz piano variations. Music overpainting generates new variations while preserving the melodic and harmonic structure of the input. Existing approaches are limited by small datasets, restricting scalability and diversity. We introduce VAR4000, a subset of a larger dataset for jazz piano performances, consisting of 4,352 training pairs. Using a semi-automatic pipeline, we evaluate two transformer configurations on VAR4000, comparing their performance with the smaller JAZZVAR dataset. Preliminary results show promising improvements in generalisation and performance with the larger dataset configuration, highlighting the potential of transformer models to scale effectively for music overpainting on larger and more diverse datasets.", "In this work, we systematically study music generation conditioned solely on the video. First, we present a large-scale dataset comprising 360K video-music pairs, including various genres such as movie trailers, advertisements, and documentaries. Furthermore, we propose VidMuse, a simple framework for generating music aligned with video inputs. VidMuse stands out by producing high-fidelity music that is both acoustically and semantically aligned with the video. By incorporating local and global visual cues, VidMuse enables the creation of musically coherent audio tracks that consistently match the video content through Long-Short-Term modeling. Through extensive experiments, VidMuse outperforms existing models in terms of audio quality, diversity, and audio-visual alignment. The code and datasets are available at https://vidmuse.github.io/.", "In this work, we systematically study music generation conditioned solely on the video. First, we present a large-scale dataset comprising 360K video-music pairs, including various genres such as movie trailers, advertisements, and documentaries. Furthermore, we propose VidMuse, a simple framework for generating music aligned with video inputs. VidMuse stands out by producing high-fidelity music that is both acoustically and semantically aligned with the video. By incorporating local and global visual cues, VidMuse enables the creation of musically coherent audio tracks that consistently match the video content through Long-Short-Term modeling. Through extensive experiments, VidMuse outperforms existing models in terms of audio quality, diversity, and audio-visual alignment. The code and datasets will be available at https://github.com/ZeyueT/VidMuse/.", "Music-driven dance generation is a challenging task as it requires strict adherence to genre-specific choreography while ensuring physically realistic and precisely synchronized dance sequences with the music's beats and rhythm. Although significant progress has been made in music-conditioned dance generation, most existing methods struggle to convey specific stylistic attributes in generated dance. To bridge this gap, we propose a diffusion-based framework for genre-specific 3D full-body dance generation, conditioned on both music and descriptive text. To effectively incorporate genre information, we develop a text-based control mechanism that maps input prompts, either explicit genre labels or free-form descriptive text, into genre-specific control signals, enabling precise and controllable text-guided generation of genre-consistent dance motions. Furthermore, to enhance the alignment between music and textual conditions, we leverage the features of a music foundation model, facilitating coherent and semantically aligned dance synthesis. Last, to balance the objectives of extracting text-genre information and maintaining high-quality generation results, we propose a novel multi-task optimization strategy. This effectively balances competing factors such as physical realism, spatial accuracy, and text classification, significantly improving the overall quality of the generated sequences. Extensive experimental results obtained on the FineDance and AIST++ datasets demonstrate the superiority of GCDance over the existing state-of-the-art approaches."], "persona": "music", "qid": "T5_music_681fad3cbb5b", "question": {"delta_files": ["45048ee03477a0a4.pdf", "235a0fb8d513ad70.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/45048ee03477a0a4.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/235a0fb8d513ad70.txt"], "object": "13c35aada18aad7d.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"13c35aada18aad7d.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["This paper investigates acoustic intensity estimation using pairs of cardioid microphones based on the cardioid-cardioid (C-C) method. Unlike conventional pressure-difference techniques, the C-C method is intrinsically less sensitive to the relationship between microphone spacing and acoustic wavelength. However, practical microphones inevitably deviate from ideal cardioid directivity, producing direction-dependent estimation errors. To improve robustness against such errors, a measurement framework based on spherical tight-frame microphone configurations is proposed. Directional intensity components measured along multiple axes are combined to reconstruct the three-dimensional acoustic intensity vector. Furthermore, directivity errors are represented using Legendre polynomial and spherical harmonic expansions, and a geometry-dependent leakage metric is introduced to quantify the error-suppression capability of different microphone arrangements. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations demonstrate that tight-frame configurations effectively suppress direction-dependent errors through geometric averaging. The proposed leakage metric provides a qualitative indication of microphone directivity imperfections on the reconstructed intensity vector. The results further indicate that accurate wide-band acoustic-intensity estimation can be achieved even with relatively large microphone spacings, which are generally impractical in conventional pressure-difference approaches. The proposed framework provides a physically interpretable and practically useful approach for acoustic intensity measurement using directional microphone arrays.", "This paper investigates acoustic intensity estimation using pairs of cardioid microphones based on the cardioid-cardioid (C-C) method. Unlike conventional pressure-difference techniques, the C-C method is intrinsically less sensitive to the relationship between microphone spacing and acoustic wavelength. However, practical microphones inevitably deviate from ideal cardioid directivity, producing direction-dependent estimation errors. To improve robustness against such errors, a measurement framework based on spherical tight-frame microphone configurations is proposed. Directional intensity components measured along multiple axes are combined to reconstruct the three-dimensional acoustic intensity vector. Furthermore, directivity errors are represented using Legendre polynomial and spherical harmonic expansions, and a geometry-dependent leakage metric is introduced to quantify the error-suppression capability of different microphone arrangements. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations demonstrate that tight-frame configurations effectively suppress direction-dependent errors through geometric averaging. The proposed leakage metric successfully predicts the influence of microphone directivity imperfections on the reconstructed intensity vector. The results further indicate that accurate wide-band acoustic-intensity estimation can be achieved even with relatively large microphone spacings, which are generally impractical in conventional pressure-difference approaches. % The proposed framework provides a physically interpretable and practically useful approach for acoustic intensity measurement using directional microphone arrays.", "The recent surge in AI-generated songs presents exciting possibilities and challenges. While these inventions democratize music creation, they also necessitate the ability to distinguish between human-composed and synthetic songs to safeguard artistic integrity and protect human musical artistry. Existing research and datasets in fake song detection only focus on singing voice deepfake detection (SVDD), where the vocals are AI-generated but the instrumental music is sourced from real songs. However, these approaches are inadequate for detecting contemporary end-to-end artificial songs where all components (vocals, music, lyrics, and style) could be AI-generated. Additionally, existing datasets lack music-lyrics diversity, long-duration songs, and open-access fake songs. To address these gaps, we introduce SONICS, a novel dataset for end-to-end Synthetic Song Detection (SSD), comprising over 97k songs (4,751 hours) with over 49k synthetic songs from popular platforms like Suno and Udio. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of modeling long-range temporal dependencies in songs for effective authenticity detection, an aspect entirely overlooked in existing methods. To utilize long-range patterns, we introduce SpecTTTra, a novel architecture that significantly improves time and memory efficiency over conventional CNN and Transformer-based models. In particular, for long audio samples, our top-performing variant outperforms ViT by 8% F1 score while being 38% faster and using 26% less memory. Additionally, in comparison with ConvNeXt, our model achieves 1% gain in F1 score with 20% boost in speed and 67% reduction in memory usage. Other variants of our model family provide even better speed and memory efficiency with competitive performance.", "We present the first systematic Membership Inference Attack (MIA) evaluation of LALMs. Using Multi-modal Blind Baselines based on textual, spectral and prosodic features, we demonstrate that common audio datasets exhibit near-perfect train/test separability (AUC ~ 1.0) even without model inference, thus MIA may primarily detect distribution shift. We therefore introduce a blind-baseline protocol to control for this confound. Under this protocol, we identify that the distribution-matched datasets enable reliable MIA evaluation without distribution-shift artifacts. We benchmark multiple MIA methods and conduct modality disentanglement experiments on these datasets. The results reveal that LALM memorization is cross-modal, arising only from binding a speaker's vocal identity with its text. These findings establish a principled standard for auditing LALMs beyond spurious correlations. Our codebase is available at https://github.com/snooow1029/ALM_MIA."], "persona": "music", "qid": "T5_music_413749e98697", "question": {"delta_files": ["e1ca26cb61159a41.pdf", "d2a3a5aa5e809b1d.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/e1ca26cb61159a41.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/d2a3a5aa5e809b1d.txt"], "object": "f24f4c320c2b325c.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"f24f4c320c2b325c.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Tight-Frame Reconstruction for Acoustic Intensity Estimation Using Cardioid Microphone Pairs", "Local deployment of large-scale music AI models on commodity hardware", "Score-Informed BiLSTM Correction for Refining MIDI Velocity in Automatic Piano Transcription", "Score-Informed Transformer for Refining MIDI Velocity in Automatic Music Transcription"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T5_music_8e4a2b365081", "question": {"delta_files": ["71ac8173d935b353.pdf", "00a2389583fcf984.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/71ac8173d935b353.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/00a2389583fcf984.txt"], "object": "5b086d17a146f1a4.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the title of the PDF document \"5b086d17a146f1a4.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["We present the first systematic Membership Inference Attack (MIA) evaluation of LALMs. Using Multi-modal Blind Baselines based on textual, spectral and prosodic features, we demonstrate that common audio datasets exhibit near-perfect train/test separability (AUC ~ 1.0) even without model inference, thus MIA may primarily detect distribution shift. We therefore introduce a blind-baseline protocol to control for this confound. Under this protocol, we identify that the distribution-matched datasets enable reliable MIA evaluation without distribution-shift artifacts. We benchmark multiple MIA methods and conduct modality disentanglement experiments on these datasets. The results reveal that LALM memorization is cross-modal, arising only from binding a speaker's vocal identity with its text. These findings establish a principled standard for auditing LALMs beyond spurious correlations. Our codebase is available at https://github.com/snooow1029/ALM_MIA.", "Speaking Style Recognition (SSR) identifies a speaker's speaking style characteristics from speech. Existing style recognition approaches primarily rely on linguistic information, with limited integration of acoustic information, which restricts recognition accuracy improvements. The fusion of acoustic and linguistic modalities offers significant potential to enhance recognition performance. In this paper, we propose a novel serial-parallel dual-path architecture for SSR that leverages acoustic-linguistic bimodal information. The serial path follows the ASR+STYLE serial paradigm, reflecting a sequential temporal dependency, while the parallel path integrates our designed Acoustic-Linguistic Similarity Module (ALSM) to facilitate cross-modal interaction with temporal simultaneity. Compared to the existing SSR baseline -- the OSUM model, our approach reduces parameter size by 88.4% and achieves a 30.3% improvement in SSR accuracy for eight styles on the test set.", "Membership inference attacks (MIAs) test whether a specific audio clip was used to train a model, making them a key tool for auditing generative music models for copyright compliance. However, loss-based signals (e.g., reconstruction error) are weakly aligned with human perception in practice, yielding poor separability at the low false-positive rates (FPRs) required for forensics. We propose the Latent Stability Adversarial Probe (LSA-Probe), a white-box method that measures a geometric property of the reverse diffusion: the minimal time-normalized perturbation budget needed to cross a fixed perceptual degradation threshold at an intermediate diffusion state. We show that training members, residing in more stable regions, exhibit a significantly higher degradation cost.", "We present the first systematic Membership Inference Attack (MIA) evaluation of Large Audio Language Models (LALMs). As audio encodes non-semantic information, it induces severe train and test distribution shifts and can lead to spurious MIA performance. Using a multi-modal blind baseline based on textual, spectral, and prosodic features, we demonstrate that common speech datasets exhibit near-perfect train/test separability (AUC approximately 1.0) even without model inference, and the standard MIA scores strongly correlate with these blind acoustic artifacts (correlation greater than 0.7). Using this blind baseline, we identify that distribution-matched datasets enable reliable MIA evaluation without distribution shift confounds. We benchmark multiple MIA methods and conduct modality disentanglement experiments on these datasets. The results reveal that LALM memorization is cross-modal, arising only from binding a speaker's vocal identity with its text. These findings establish a principled standard for auditing LALMs beyond spurious correlations."], "persona": "music", "qid": "T5_music_25e61dce3a19", "question": {"delta_files": ["16e2ca29d7a6e01f.pdf", "16b23f794d28e7cc.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/16e2ca29d7a6e01f.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/16b23f794d28e7cc.txt"], "object": "d3fb9a755a0841cc.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"d3fb9a755a0841cc.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["While large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis through discrete tokenization paradigms, current architectures exhibit fundamental tensions between three critical dimensions: 1) irreversible loss of acoustic characteristics caused by quantization of speech prompts; 2) stringent dependence on precisely aligned prompt speech-text pairs that limit real-world deployment; and 3) catastrophic forgetting of the LLM's native text comprehension during optimization for speech token generation. To address these challenges, we propose an LLM-based text-to-speech Generation approach Optimized via a novel dual-branch ArchiTecture (GOAT-TTS). Our framework introduces two key innovations: (1) The modality-alignment branch combines a speech encoder and projector to capture continuous acoustic embeddings, enabling bidirectional correlation between paralinguistic features (language, timbre, emotion) and semantic text representations without transcript dependency; (2) The speech-generation branch employs modular fine-tuning on top-k layers of an LLM for speech token prediction while freezing the bottom-n layers to preserve foundational linguistic knowledge. Moreover, multi-token prediction is introduced to support real-time streaming TTS synthesis. Experimental results demonstrate that our GOAT-TTS achieves performance comparable to state-of-the-art TTS models while validating the efficacy of synthesized dialect speech data.", "While large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis through discrete tokenization paradigms, current architectures exhibit fundamental tensions between three critical dimensions: 1) irreversible loss of acoustic characteristics caused by quantization of speech prompts; 2) stringent dependence on precisely aligned prompt speech-text pairs that limit real-world deployment; and 3) catastrophic forgetting of the LLM's native text comprehension during optimization for speech token generation. To address these challenges, we propose an LLM-based text-to-speech Generation approach Optimized via a novel dual-branch ArchiTecture (GOAT-TTS). Our framework introduces two key innovations: (1) The modality-alignment branch combines a speech encoder and projector to capture continuous acoustic embeddings, enabling bidirectional correlation between paralinguistic features (language, timbre, emotion) and semantic text representations without transcript dependency; (2) The speech-generation branch employs modular fine-tuning on top-k layers of an LLM for speech token prediction while freezing the bottom-k layers to preserve foundational linguistic knowledge. Moreover, multi-token prediction is introduced to support real-time streaming TTS synthesis. Experimental results demonstrate that our GOAT-TTS achieves performance comparable to state-of-the-art TTS models while validating the efficacy of synthesized dialect speech data.", "Automatic music genre classification is a major task in music information retrieval; however, most current benchmarks and models have been developed primarily for Western music, leaving culturally specific traditions underrepresented. In this paper, we introduce the Yemeni Music Information Retrieval (YMIR) dataset, which contains 1,475 carefully selected audio clips covering five traditional Yemeni genres: Sanaani, Hadhrami, Lahji, Tihami, and Adeni. The dataset was labeled by five Yemeni music experts following a clear and structured protocol, resulting in strong inter-annotator agreement (Fleiss kappa = 0.85). We also propose the Yemeni Music Classification Model (YMCM), a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based system designed to classify music genres from time-frequency features. Using a consistent preprocessing pipeline, we perform a systematic comparison across six experimental groups and five different architectures, resulting in a total of 30 experiments. Specifically, we evaluate several feature representations, including Mel-spectrograms, Chroma, FilterBank, and MFCCs with 13, 20, and 40 coefficients, and benchmark YMCM against standard models (AlexNet, VGG16, MobileNet, and a baseline CNN) under the same experimental conditions. The experimental findings reveal that YMCM is the most effective, achieving the highest accuracy of 98.8% with Mel-spectrogram features. The results also provide practical insights into the relationship between feature representation and model capacity. The findings establish YMIR as a useful benchmark and YMCM as a strong baseline for classifying Yemeni music genres.", "Recent approaches in music generation rely on disentangled representations, often labeled as structure and timbre or local and global, to enable controllable synthesis. Yet the underlying properties of these embeddings remain underexplored. In this work, we evaluate such disentangled representations in a set of music audio models for controllable generation using a probing-based framework that goes beyond standard downstream tasks. The selected models reflect diverse unsupervised disentanglement strategies, including inductive biases, data augmentations, adversarial objectives, and staged training procedures. We further isolate specific strategies to analyze their effect. Our analysis spans four key axes: informativeness, equivariance, invariance, and disentanglement, which are assessed across datasets, tasks, and controlled transformations. Our findings reveal inconsistencies between intended and actual semantics of the embeddings, suggesting that current strategies fall short of producing truly disentangled representations, and prompting a re-examination of how controllability is approached in music generation."], "persona": "music", "qid": "T5_music_7793f70a483e", "question": {"delta_files": ["e7ec53170fc3499f.pdf", "8539f9957044bd46.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/e7ec53170fc3499f.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/8539f9957044bd46.txt"], "object": "41ce1a5f68c54f1c.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the abstract of the PDF document \"41ce1a5f68c54f1c.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
+{"answer_type": "mc", "modalities": ["pdf"], "options": ["Xinran Liu; Xu Dong; Diptesh Kanojia; Wenwu Wang; Zhenhua Feng", "Kartik Hegde; Arvind Krishna Sridhar; Naveen Vakada; Yinyi Guo; Erik Visser", "Xinran Liu; Xu Dong; Shenbin Qian; Diptesh Kanojia; Wenwu Wang; Zhenhua Feng", "Thomas Biberger; Stephan D. Ewert"], "persona": "music", "qid": "T5_music_b623cd35e2e0", "question": {"delta_files": ["a2464ea1a728fe29.pdf", "ea97a7aa0749bf6d.txt"], "delta_paths": ["corpus/music/deltas/a2464ea1a728fe29.pdf", "corpus/music/deltas/ea97a7aa0749bf6d.txt"], "object": "7446ddfb5bcb0ad0.pdf", "phases": ["A", "B"], "text": "What is the author list of the PDF document \"7446ddfb5bcb0ad0.pdf\"?"}, "task": "T5"}
diff --git a/release/questions/T6/education.jsonl b/release/questions/T6/education.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6cdfd35a3cf9148e2ed1e8510f8ae4a09b031f7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/questions/T6/education.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T6_education_0c5ca0dd4fd9", "question": {"candidates": ["Portraits", "Photographs", "Patents", "Models", "sports uniforms", "desk, school"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"3764513404913399.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "3764513404913399.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T6_education_0e46c7c8fed6", "question": {"candidates": ["pictures; engraving", "Portraits", "Engravings (prints)", "Photographs"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are represented by the image \"1010ada52cc3049c.jpg\", and which are not present in it?", "topic": "1010ada52cc3049c.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T6_education_1d02a23bce57", "question": {"candidates": ["Patents", "Photographs", "Models", "Portraits"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are shown in the image \"290f4a45c4039de1.jpg\", and which are not?", "topic": "290f4a45c4039de1.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T6_education_207fac49900e", "question": {"candidates": ["mathematical chart", "Photographs", "desk patent model fragment", "Stereographs"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"211f1f832f8c6934.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "211f1f832f8c6934.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T6_education_273e5eefa29d", "question": {"candidates": ["brass instruments", "desk patent model fragment", "Patents", "Models", "Musical instruments", "Prints"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"af64a7619a0d91b2.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "af64a7619a0d91b2.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T6_education_2d8a1862c9bc", "question": {"candidates": ["Portraits", "Photographs", "Calculators", "Engravings (prints)"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are represented by the image \"d5abbf1ab2f0d22b.jpg\", and which are not present in it?", "topic": "d5abbf1ab2f0d22b.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T6_education_2f52d1c1ed25", "question": {"candidates": ["Portraits", "desk and seat model", "Photographs", "Patents", "Models", "group portraits"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"02f96ea1ffa19dc8.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "02f96ea1ffa19dc8.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T6_education_4e5ad79247a7", "question": {"candidates": ["desk, school", "Portraits", "relief halftones", "school bell"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"010d4cc9e4f7873e.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "010d4cc9e4f7873e.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T6_education_52f1f1859a84", "question": {"candidates": ["Portraits", "Photographs", "Slide rules", "Calculators"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"eefc830ebedbce9b.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "eefc830ebedbce9b.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T6_education_59170031cdf6", "question": {"candidates": ["desk patent model fragment", "Portraits", "Toys (recreational artifacts)", "Photographs", "school desk hinge", "Visiting cards"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"5adea00add43cb81.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "5adea00add43cb81.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T6_education_614eed2e2b8e", "question": {"candidates": ["desk leg support patent model", "Visiting cards", "Patents", "Photographs", "Models", "Portraits"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"2d3d2181cad71083.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "2d3d2181cad71083.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T6_education_625c2a8f0fbb", "question": {"candidates": ["Photographs", "Portraits", "desk patent model side support", "Patents", "Stereographs", "school desk, part of"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"6e4489dc8a044ed5.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "6e4489dc8a044ed5.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T6_education_653d0a046c22", "question": {"candidates": ["Photographs", "Models", "Portraits", "Patents", "desk improvement patent model", "Scrapbooks"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are represented in the image \"7454ff05507ecf5d.jpg\", and which are not present in it?", "topic": "7454ff05507ecf5d.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T6_education_670d13a3120e", "question": {"candidates": ["Shirts", "Stereographs", "Documents", "Models", "Patents", "desk model fragments"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"e8c437ed2e64d947.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "e8c437ed2e64d947.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T6_education_7481442a9588", "question": {"candidates": ["Scrapbooks", "Patents", "Photographs", "Models"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"aabdc34ae6750e1c.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "aabdc34ae6750e1c.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T6_education_7c11f1814791", "question": {"candidates": ["desk and seat patent model fragment", "Visiting cards", "Portraits", "Models", "Patents", "desk and chair model", "Business letters", "Photographs"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"48ab7eacac74f5bf.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "48ab7eacac74f5bf.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T6_education_7e6918a9983e", "question": {"candidates": ["desk and seat model", "Visiting cards", "Patents", "Photographs", "Models", "Postcards"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"c684804ce6ca1dab.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "c684804ce6ca1dab.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T6_education_84071ca89d1c", "question": {"candidates": ["Patents", "Models", "Trophies (objects)", "synopses"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"c8e972dd5de4ca09.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "c8e972dd5de4ca09.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T6_education_8d2d5b182779", "question": {"candidates": ["Patents", "Models", "sports uniforms", "jackets"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are shown in the image \"dbd247f664da17f0.jpg\", and which are not present in it?", "topic": "dbd247f664da17f0.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T6_education_8e1649fdc6e9", "question": {"candidates": ["Correspondence", "Documents", "Models", "school desk, part of"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are represented in the image \"66a008b9f9f70a19.jpg\", and which are not?", "topic": "66a008b9f9f70a19.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T6_education_8e368824bf97", "question": {"candidates": ["Musical instruments", "brass instruments", "Models", "Patents"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"7582a531c4b80e09.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "7582a531c4b80e09.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T6_education_8edec47e2f7d", "question": {"candidates": ["Banks (containers)", "educational toys", "Stereographs", "Financial records"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are represented in the image \"40759b4e2446db1b.jpg\", and which are not?", "topic": "40759b4e2446db1b.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T6_education_8ef81c0cc517", "question": {"candidates": ["lesson card", "Photographs", "Portraits", "mathematical chart"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"d24554bb2aa65bbc.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "d24554bb2aa65bbc.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T6_education_90ae4aed5c20", "question": {"candidates": ["Price lists", "Photographs", "Models", "Patents", "Visiting cards", "school desk, part of"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"00e211f2ca71f863.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "00e211f2ca71f863.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T6_education_92a915680ad6", "question": {"candidates": ["Patents", "Portraits", "Models", "jackets"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are present in the image \"973b0a759d8ee218.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "973b0a759d8ee218.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T6_education_96017a47fcc0", "question": {"candidates": ["coat; Army; US Military Academy; Cadet; Dress, Full", "desk and seat patent model fragment", "Photographs", "Postcards"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are shown in the image \"8a64e733525a89cb.jpg\", and which ones are not present?", "topic": "8a64e733525a89cb.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T6_education_97065aa12e74", "question": {"candidates": ["Patents", "Portraits", "Models", "Visiting cards"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are represented in the image \"759b523e28e523cf.jpg\", and which are not present in it?", "topic": "759b523e28e523cf.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T6_education_978e6c168e25", "question": {"candidates": ["Models", "Pamphlets", "Correspondence", "Patents"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"829e7df4ef2dfa8a.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "829e7df4ef2dfa8a.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T6_education_99c740802e4e", "question": {"candidates": ["Models", "Photographs", "Patents", "school desk, part of", "Portraits", "Postcards"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"a8df30bb70908977.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "a8df30bb70908977.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T6_education_9f2dd2210ec7", "question": {"candidates": ["Portraits", "Photographs", "Coats (garments)", "coat; Army; US Military Academy; Cadet; Dress, Full"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are represented in the image \"3a44a5dd166f4e7f.jpg\", and which ones are not represented?", "topic": "3a44a5dd166f4e7f.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T6_education_a2e32434b371", "question": {"candidates": ["desk model side support", "Portraits", "desk patent model side support", "Models", "Patents", "Visiting cards", "relief halftones", "Photographs"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"65ac56d773eede9a.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "65ac56d773eede9a.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T6_education_ad84155349db", "question": {"candidates": ["Photographs", "Patents", "Portraits", "Visiting cards", "Models", "desk and seat model"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"fb12d04159f614b1.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "fb12d04159f614b1.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T6_education_b28039553009", "question": {"candidates": ["Models", "Portraits", "educational toys", "Prints"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"a75ff4ecb3868547.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "a75ff4ecb3868547.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T6_education_b329f7f5ab61", "question": {"candidates": ["Models", "Patents", "Portraits", "Photographs"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"40172c5a92291f1f.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "40172c5a92291f1f.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T6_education_b664658b9135", "question": {"candidates": ["Skirts (garments)", "Models", "Shirts", "Patents"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are shown in the image \"9be9b06469528619.jpg\", and which ones are not present?", "topic": "9be9b06469528619.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T6_education_bc4b60128133", "question": {"candidates": ["relief halftones", "Models", "Patents", "Portraits"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"d3caa1b41dd90602.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "d3caa1b41dd90602.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T6_education_bef8162001b4", "question": {"candidates": ["Financial records", "Slide rules", "desk model side support", "Price lists"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"b350d623c08ae82e.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "b350d623c08ae82e.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T6_education_c490f4ad55d8", "question": {"candidates": ["Models", "pictures; engraving", "Postcards", "Photographs"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are represented in the image \"32d0db8bff8756d2.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "32d0db8bff8756d2.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T6_education_d0118f86cd69", "question": {"candidates": ["Photographs", "group portraits", "Models", "Patents"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are shown in the image \"c14ee8228dccd3f9.jpg\", and which are not present?", "topic": "c14ee8228dccd3f9.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T6_education_d6248eac93b0", "question": {"candidates": ["Portraits", "desk hinge patent model", "Patents", "Models", "Programs (documents)", "school desk hinge", "Passes (tickets)", "brass instruments"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"2513eb3f1f8342c5.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "2513eb3f1f8342c5.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T6_education_df480e95c1ec", "question": {"candidates": ["Patents", "Models", "Photographs", "Banks (containers)", "Portraits", "Visiting cards"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are represented in the image \"58445cf00981b7d9.jpg\", and which are not?", "topic": "58445cf00981b7d9.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T6_education_eab851e01927", "question": {"candidates": ["Contracts", "Patents", "Models", "Portraits", "footballs", "school desktop", "desk patent model fragment", "relief halftones"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"3698a52326572f69.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "3698a52326572f69.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T6_education_f24875e9e2ae", "question": {"candidates": ["Models", "Patents", "Portraits", "Photographs"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are represented by the image \"c2d00e84e3af9d7d.jpg\", and which labels are missing from it?", "topic": "c2d00e84e3af9d7d.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T6_education_f79512f29265", "question": {"candidates": ["relief halftones", "Skirts (garments)", "Patents", "desk model juncture improvement", "school desk, part of", "Photographs", "Models", "cuff links"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are shown in the image \"bb7483cdee71b68c.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "bb7483cdee71b68c.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T6_education_f8de7f02303f", "question": {"candidates": ["Patents", "Photographs", "desk leg support patent model", "group portraits"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are represented in the image \"49d43d61db1a5ec9.jpg\", and which ones are not present?", "topic": "49d43d61db1a5ec9.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "education", "qid": "T6_education_fbe4e15466c5", "question": {"candidates": ["Visiting cards", "Photographs", "Models", "Patents"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"smithsonian_object_type\" labels are covered by the image \"9e88e7e674d303b7.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "9e88e7e674d303b7.jpg", "vocabulary": "smithsonian_object_type"}, "task": "T6"}
diff --git a/release/questions/T6/healthcare.jsonl b/release/questions/T6/healthcare.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3138ccedea0f629368c6cb33d8900a847d81484e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/questions/T6/healthcare.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_02de312854b2", "question": {"candidates": ["Niger", "Smallpox", "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)", "Coal Mining", "Cognition Disorders", "Eye", "Smallpox Vaccine", "Immunization", "Military Nursing", "Chorion"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"b1dd051e82a85c1d.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "b1dd051e82a85c1d.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_0490271f2ac0", "question": {"candidates": ["Geotrichosis", "Geotrichum", "Cooking and Eating Utensils", "Communicable Disease Control"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"5d510f9faa3b6dc4.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "5d510f9faa3b6dc4.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_05471dd4488e", "question": {"candidates": ["Measles", "Smallpox", "Prisons", "Entomology", "Measles virus", "Smallpox Vaccine", "Food Handling", "Nigeria", "Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine", "Tooth Permeability", "Immunization", "Lung", "Dairying", "Agriculture"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"06bb5929af7c0545.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "06bb5929af7c0545.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_058e47181aa5", "question": {"candidates": ["Pakistan", "Immunization Programs", "BCG Vaccine", "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", "Tuberculosis, Miliary", "Cognitive Science", "Virus Cultivation", "Nurses' Aides"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"4769dba21c34719b.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "4769dba21c34719b.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_05af7a36eaae", "question": {"candidates": ["Allantois", "Chickens", "Poxviridae Infections", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Anti-HIV Agents", "Yolk Sac", "Mercury", "Nigeria", "Polychloroterphenyl Compounds", "Chorion", "Poxviridae", "Sudan"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"9dd49477678c1447.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "9dd49477678c1447.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_09b786b76b53", "question": {"candidates": ["Botulism", "Salmonella Infections, Animal", "World Health Organization", "Brucellosis", "Bacillaceae Infections", "Smallpox Vaccine", "Bangladesh", "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)", "Liver Diseases", "Pneumonia, Pneumocystis", "Immunization", "Diagnosis"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"61e86f86aa539698.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "61e86f86aa539698.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_0c57aae36ea2", "question": {"candidates": ["Pollen", "Allergens", "Diagnostic Equipment", "Legionnaires' Disease", "Hartmannella", "Carbon Tetrachloride"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"e2b40fc0b99850c6.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "e2b40fc0b99850c6.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_0c7ae7fe171b", "question": {"candidates": ["Teaching Materials", "Carbon Tetrachloride", "Lead", "Chlorine", "Dermatomycoses", "Polychlorinated Biphenyls", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Polychloroterphenyl Compounds", "Caregivers", "Staff Development", "Rodent Diseases", "DDT", "Poxviridae Infections", "Chlorine Compounds", "Students", "Copper", "Anthrax", "Diatoms", "Bacteria", "Mercury", "Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola", "Smallpox", "Toxins", "Malaria"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"6a6e67d126613e74.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "6a6e67d126613e74.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_11167d7fcb37", "question": {"candidates": ["Measles", "Beetles", "Chitin", "Pesticide Synergists", "Insect Control", "Pesticide Residues", "Pest Control, Biological", "Coccidioidomycosis", "Nigeria", "Helminthiasis, Animal", "Insecticides", "Animal Diseases", "Histoplasmosis", "Prisoners"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"ddef66f2e14c89ea.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "ddef66f2e14c89ea.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_15fe8c0351f3", "question": {"candidates": ["African Americans", "Influenza", "Child Health Services", "Hair", "Epidemiology", "Environmental Health", "Influenza A Virus, Human", "Connecticut", "Liver", "Father-Child Relations", "Enterovirus D, Human", "Influenza A Virus, Avian", "Child Welfare", "Child Care"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"f5fc3ad7f0a04914.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "f5fc3ad7f0a04914.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_17b402f013b7", "question": {"candidates": ["Food Parasitology", "Mosquito Control", "Cat-Scratch Disease", "Bartonella henselae"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"b4fa9e8f4a2d8469.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "b4fa9e8f4a2d8469.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_199c4c1b994d", "question": {"candidates": ["Prisoners", "Child Health Services", "Skin", "Threshold Limit Values", "Insect Proteins", "Prisons", "Coronavirus Infections", "Coronavirus", "Zambia", "Transportation of Patients"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"7c238b6e2ba9cedb.jpg\", and which labels are missing from it?", "topic": "7c238b6e2ba9cedb.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_21c070444756", "question": {"candidates": ["Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)", "Wales", "Acinetobacter Infections", "Acinetobacter baumannii"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"fee56f4c941ea4d0.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "fee56f4c941ea4d0.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_2b8f369dd400", "question": {"candidates": ["Melioidosis", "Burkholderia pseudomallei", "Vaccination", "Lead"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"94c18c322d2f8dab.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "94c18c322d2f8dab.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_2da8ee7c6541", "question": {"candidates": ["Sierra Leone", "Alabama", "Liberia", "Chlorine", "DDT", "Nigeria", "Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola", "Polychloroterphenyl Compounds", "Toxins", "Chlorine Compounds", "Guinea", "Mercury"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"2bce1498d888acac.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "2bce1498d888acac.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_31c4683aafb9", "question": {"candidates": ["Refugees", "Rotavirus Infections", "Rotavirus Vaccines", "Guinea", "Nigeria", "Rotavirus"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"72ee2c8e2f5e0866.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "72ee2c8e2f5e0866.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_3225d5f2162a", "question": {"candidates": ["India", "Leprosy, Lepromatous", "Microscopy", "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"6768b867fbaea794.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "6768b867fbaea794.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_36db29447892", "question": {"candidates": ["Botulism", "Public Health", "Bacillaceae Infections", "Polychlorinated Biphenyls"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"8327b682270be181.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "8327b682270be181.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_38728b8d2d24", "question": {"candidates": ["Diagnosis", "Smallpox Vaccine", "World Health Organization", "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)", "Chlamydia Infections", "Hepatitis E", "Maduromycosis", "Bangladesh", "Skin Diseases, Infectious", "Gangrene", "Immunization", "Plague"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"a2d70b3249b49aa0.jpg\" and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "a2d70b3249b49aa0.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_3a99d0cc1c06", "question": {"candidates": ["Culex", "Ochlerotatus", "Mosquito Control", "Poliomyelitis", "Smallpox", "Tuberculosis, Miliary", "Aedes", "Anopheles", "Distemper", "Cantharidin"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"82d03ebf0a85b9d4.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "82d03ebf0a85b9d4.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_3bd4a8defee6", "question": {"candidates": ["Medical Missions, Official", "Smallpox Vaccine", "Documentation", "Cookery", "India", "Immunization"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"72eaa229c41c618a.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "72eaa229c41c618a.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_3bf737f05fe7", "question": {"candidates": ["Training Support", "Mosquito Control", "Influenza A virus", "Diagnostic Equipment", "Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus", "Influenza"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"a6d1aa86baa3fc9b.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "a6d1aa86baa3fc9b.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_3cb6b0c81cbe", "question": {"candidates": ["Beetles", "Plague", "Cantharidin", "Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"6501dc8fdf533a5e.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "6501dc8fdf533a5e.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_4264ef2654c8", "question": {"candidates": ["Child Health Services", "Skin", "Gangrene", "Child Welfare", "Child Care", "Plague"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"bea88f63435dd58e.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "bea88f63435dd58e.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_42942e5cdb31", "question": {"candidates": ["Charities", "Chlamydia", "Chlamydia Infections", "Diagnosis"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"140c40448a0c5081.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "140c40448a0c5081.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_4456a95a4500", "question": {"candidates": ["Diagnostic Equipment", "Pakistan", "Fathers", "Elements", "Malaria", "Diagnosis"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"0426a2b9725b6a9b.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "0426a2b9725b6a9b.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_4494b2f2a0e5", "question": {"candidates": ["Plague", "Smallpox Vaccine", "Wasp Venoms", "San Francisco"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"695df8bf098646ba.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "695df8bf098646ba.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_4a1f93a366aa", "question": {"candidates": ["Smallpox Vaccine", "Dysentery, Amebic", "Niger", "Entamoeba histolytica"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"448ec206d56e6560.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "448ec206d56e6560.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_4f55b6bb9462", "question": {"candidates": ["Wasp Venoms", "Laboratories", "Smallpox", "Wasps"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"ddbcba6557a38408.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "ddbcba6557a38408.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_510a739fe2b9", "question": {"candidates": ["Brain Diseases", "Naegleria", "BCG Vaccine", "Pakistan", "Brain", "Culture Media"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"f627c6e346d75825.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "f627c6e346d75825.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_5177f156ceaa", "question": {"candidates": ["Laboratory Personnel", "Diagnostic Equipment", "Diagnosis", "Arbovirus Infections", "Single Parent", "Health Occupations", "Clinical Laboratory Information Systems", "Animal Diseases", "Mother-Child Relations", "Arboviruses", "Marital Status", "Tooth Calcification"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"df3d5bb5e20ea42c.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "df3d5bb5e20ea42c.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_53b1f83f92be", "question": {"candidates": ["Histocytochemistry", "Liberia", "Sierra Leone", "United States Government Agencies", "Nigeria", "Spectrophotometry", "DDT", "Blood Pressure Determination", "Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Transmission", "Poliovirus Vaccines", "Guinea", "Air Pollutants, Occupational", "Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola", "Medical Missions, Official"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"c14b43fc81951ca6.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "c14b43fc81951ca6.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_55033b224f14", "question": {"candidates": ["Smallpox Vaccine", "Immunization", "Moths", "Dermatitis", "Diagnosis", "Poisoning"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"24206135f63f3fc5.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "24206135f63f3fc5.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_576f2100b448", "question": {"candidates": ["Family Planning Services", "Plague", "North Carolina", "Gangrene"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"2fbda79dde283af0.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "2fbda79dde283af0.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_5cb5f5c0a8fe", "question": {"candidates": ["Oregon", "Dysentery, Amebic", "Smallpox", "Prisons", "Plague", "Staphylococcus aureus", "Prisoners", "Methicillin Resistance"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"67638228ca614a3d.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "67638228ca614a3d.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_5f04e25ea01f", "question": {"candidates": ["Lettuce", "Alabama", "Bangladesh", "Mosquito Control", "Ascorbic Acid Deficiency", "Ascorbic Acid"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"203ff89e5e99d0f9.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "203ff89e5e99d0f9.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_6013adb0a776", "question": {"candidates": ["Polychlorinated Biphenyls", "Chlorine", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Sudan", "DDT", "Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"3b2b4a5da7c52fe0.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "3b2b4a5da7c52fe0.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_610fa0140193", "question": {"candidates": ["Liver", "Fumonisins", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola", "Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus", "Audiovisual Aids", "Liver Diseases", "World Health Organization"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"a7881db5c9dcdf9d.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "a7881db5c9dcdf9d.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_61ba44f12ede", "question": {"candidates": ["Dermatitis", "Minnesota", "Poisoning", "Diagnostic Equipment", "Chordata, Nonvertebrate", "Dairying", "Veterinarians", "Smallpox"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"6c49541084331552.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "6c49541084331552.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_6584762364ec", "question": {"candidates": ["New Mexico", "X-Rays", "Competency-Based Education", "Milk", "Rodent Diseases", "Rodent Control", "Rodenticides", "Marmota", "Diagnosis", "Parasitology", "Cognitive Therapy", "Plague"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"607c665be5f26046.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "607c665be5f26046.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_6951c1fe65a0", "question": {"candidates": ["Air Pollution, Indoor", "Brucella melitensis", "Water Purification", "Brucellosis"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"b257e120a64e6bec.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "b257e120a64e6bec.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_6b267443f8e1", "question": {"candidates": ["Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)", "Blood Cells", "Gangrene", "Microscopy", "Laboratories", "Filariasis", "Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Transmission", "Rotavirus Infections"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"6b5fe0422ca4759e.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "6b5fe0422ca4759e.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_6b6594860343", "question": {"candidates": ["Poliovirus", "Poliovirus Vaccines", "Postpoliomyelitis Syndrome", "Library Technical Services", "Accidents, Occupational", "Pakistan", "Poliomyelitis", "Pest Control, Biological", "Clinical Laboratory Techniques", "Water-Electrolyte Balance"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"27636f2e4cf4d17c.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "27636f2e4cf4d17c.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_6c1c4dbfd838", "question": {"candidates": ["Clinical Laboratory Information Systems", "Mycobacterium", "Molecular Diagnostic Techniques", "Respiratory Tract Infections", "Lung Diseases", "Virus Cultivation", "Mycobacterium Infections", "Laboratory Techniques and Procedures"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"f1a2f918d183f0d5.jpg\", and which ones are not present in it?", "topic": "f1a2f918d183f0d5.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_6d67b1ad8bb8", "question": {"candidates": ["Clinical Laboratory Information Systems", "Family Relations", "Wales", "Poliomyelitis", "Laboratory Techniques and Procedures", "Kazakhstan", "Poliovirus", "Virus Cultivation", "Culture Media", "India", "Nigeria", "Molecular Diagnostic Techniques", "Health Occupations", "Allergy and Immunology", "Laboratory Personnel", "Manufactured Materials"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"de666710f44b2624.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "de666710f44b2624.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_6ff6e63978d3", "question": {"candidates": ["HIV", "Animal Diseases", "Uganda", "Nevirapine", "HIV Antigens", "Public Health", "HIV Antibodies", "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)", "Anti-HIV Agents", "World Health Organization", "Disease", "Immunization"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"7d7c73b99433d247.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "7d7c73b99433d247.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_75e93f1b1905", "question": {"candidates": ["Mass Immunization", "Dermatomycoses", "Smallpox Vaccine", "Railroads", "Ascomycota", "Skin Diseases, Infectious"], "text": "Which of the candidate 'mesh' labels are shown in the image \"c94944354d7f2ad1.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "c94944354d7f2ad1.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_7a40de5f07ac", "question": {"candidates": ["Ascorbic Acid Deficiency", "Sudan", "Legionnaires' Disease", "Allergens", "Liberia", "Pollen", "Cornus", "Allergy and Immunology"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"5f0f9500229d96bc.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "5f0f9500229d96bc.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_7bde19a9de6e", "question": {"candidates": ["Pakistan", "Liberia", "Blastomycosis", "Blastomyces"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"3a126c33b9bd8985.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "3a126c33b9bd8985.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_7f04bced5463", "question": {"candidates": ["Blood Glucose", "Wales", "Smallpox", "National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"2f63155c03db5a5d.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "2f63155c03db5a5d.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_841448eb3456", "question": {"candidates": ["Malaria", "Smallpox Vaccine", "Hematologic Diseases", "Arthropod Venoms"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"c4de12fc99818d53.jpg\", and which ones are not present in it?", "topic": "c4de12fc99818d53.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_860ab4365438", "question": {"candidates": ["Flagella", "Motor Vehicles", "Immunization", "Smallpox Vaccine", "Smallpox", "Skin", "Methicillin Resistance", "Nigeria"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"51dc8a9c7e164582.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "51dc8a9c7e164582.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_8b1b51d845b4", "question": {"candidates": ["Smallpox", "Students", "DNA Viruses", "Smallpox Vaccine", "Immunization", "Food", "Minnesota", "California"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"df7a78d18f592dd6.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "df7a78d18f592dd6.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_8d01c1b9164f", "question": {"candidates": ["Africa, Western", "Tinea Capitis", "Family Planning Services", "Tinea Pedis"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"298635c92be0bcd3.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "298635c92be0bcd3.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_92febc54a08a", "question": {"candidates": ["Zygomycota", "Zygomycosis", "Maximum Allowable Concentration", "Zimbabwe"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"f9bbbb80dc9a8848.jpg\", and which ones are not present in it?", "topic": "f9bbbb80dc9a8848.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_93ff4246c1ae", "question": {"candidates": ["Dermatomycoses", "Disease Vectors", "Public Health", "Cryptococcus"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"c80a1cdbccee65d8.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "c80a1cdbccee65d8.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_9578f9dd2061", "question": {"candidates": ["Blood Cells", "Epidemiologic Methods", "Refugees", "Emergency Medical Technicians", "Malaria, Vivax", "Hematologic Diseases"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"d25a1664a51ae264.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "d25a1664a51ae264.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_96740a9ef3ed", "question": {"candidates": ["Coccidioides", "Smallpox Vaccine", "Coccidioidomycosis", "Immunization"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"24b88a2b389c2823.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "24b88a2b389c2823.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_99fdaf2f8dc7", "question": {"candidates": ["Flagella", "Smallpox Vaccine", "Pseudomonas", "Immunization"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"7823b747aae00a11.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "7823b747aae00a11.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_a4bde162615d", "question": {"candidates": ["Students", "Copper", "Nevirapine", "Allantois", "Teaching Materials", "Arbovirus Infections", "HIV Antibodies", "Antimalarials", "Arboviruses", "Training Support", "Malaria Vaccines", "Staff Development", "Audiovisual Aids", "Brazil", "Mosquito Control", "Smallpox Vaccine"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"13d7b3b09a59bbaa.jpg\", and which ones are not present in it?", "topic": "13d7b3b09a59bbaa.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_a6378f7d0905", "question": {"candidates": ["Fungi", "Diagnostic Equipment", "Maduromycosis", "Science"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"a797ccba6f75da82.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "a797ccba6f75da82.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_ac862b64a6c0", "question": {"candidates": ["Diagnosis", "Insecticides", "Insect Control", "Bangladesh", "Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola", "Insects", "Insect Repellents", "Smallpox"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"f543eeeef36310fb.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "f543eeeef36310fb.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_afc259bdc775", "question": {"candidates": ["Rotavirus Vaccines", "North Carolina", "Legionnaires' Disease", "World Health Organization"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"e6930a85c23d8a51.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "e6930a85c23d8a51.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_b6ea044e6f5a", "question": {"candidates": ["Education, Medical, Continuing", "Smallpox", "Railroads", "Tooth Exfoliation", "Smallpox Vaccine", "Women", "Vaccination", "Water Deprivation", "Allergy and Immunology", "Mass Immunization", "Guinea", "Skin"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"ac2a03b0806eb06e.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "ac2a03b0806eb06e.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_bc35dd3765ba", "question": {"candidates": ["Diagnostic Equipment", "Insect Repellents", "Anthrax", "Bacillus anthracis"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"4bed9e8682621f4b.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "4bed9e8682621f4b.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_bc97f9ff2af8", "question": {"candidates": ["Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola", "Copper", "Chlorine Compounds", "Bacteria", "Carbon Tetrachloride", "Anthrax", "Algae", "Communicable Diseases", "Rabies", "Lead", "Mercury", "Dermatomycoses", "Smallpox", "Polychloroterphenyl Compounds", "Acinetobacter Infections", "Blood Cells", "DDT", "Malaria", "Polychlorinated Biphenyls", "Chlorine", "Hematologic Diseases", "Influenza", "Pestivirus Infections", "Toxins"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"1889769161531b0e.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "1889769161531b0e.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_be8b3fc47b4b", "question": {"candidates": ["Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine", "Malaria", "Insect Control", "Pest Control, Biological", "Diagnostic Equipment", "Diagnosis"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"d8aafa4d5c856aec.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "d8aafa4d5c856aec.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_bf342ab8112e", "question": {"candidates": ["Diagnostic Equipment", "Plague", "Bacteria, Anaerobic", "Enterobiasis"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"47ae015cf079a296.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "47ae015cf079a296.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_c01f85bc1ca8", "question": {"candidates": ["Sierra Leone", "Mosquito Control", "Opportunistic Infections", "Pupa", "Melioidosis", "Anopheles"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"99f465e08abf8919.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "99f465e08abf8919.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_c2959074075b", "question": {"candidates": ["Oregon", "Prisoners", "Enterovirus", "Air Pollutants, Environmental"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"48435faed6d25ba5.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "48435faed6d25ba5.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_c2dd39d5fceb", "question": {"candidates": ["Strongyloidiasis", "Skin", "Strongyloides stercoralis", "Diagnosis"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"d3bc8ae39b8835a3.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "d3bc8ae39b8835a3.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_c625785dc0c9", "question": {"candidates": ["Chlorine Compounds", "Enterobiasis", "Diagnosis", "Nematoda"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"e38b716bc8a21e0f.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "e38b716bc8a21e0f.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_c707bec41e61", "question": {"candidates": ["Animal Diseases", "New Brunswick", "Plague", "Environment"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"f16039cdabd7c433.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "f16039cdabd7c433.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_c73dcfb79c14", "question": {"candidates": ["Skin", "Hair", "Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Transmission", "Wales", "Onygenales", "Insecticides"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"a393d304dad4ed0e.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "a393d304dad4ed0e.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_c77ac3e7722b", "question": {"candidates": ["Ascorbic Acid", "Histoplasma", "Diagnostic Equipment", "Histoplasmosis"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"0a4a7f33442cde6e.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "0a4a7f33442cde6e.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_cc269c99539f", "question": {"candidates": ["Malaria", "Self-Help Devices", "Military Medicine", "Transients and Migrants", "Blood Cells", "Hematologic Diseases"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"347da6fb42d035c1.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "347da6fb42d035c1.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_ce32ab2045da", "question": {"candidates": ["Rodent Control", "Yolk Sac", "Chorion", "Malaria Vaccines", "Antimalarials", "Malaria"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"d2fa8d7575cce9a7.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "d2fa8d7575cce9a7.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_cef8a2bcdd17", "question": {"candidates": ["Enterobacteriaceae Infections", "Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine", "Laboratory Personnel", "Tooth Eruption", "Diagnostic Equipment", "Enterobacteriaceae"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"e337564cbc4bdae4.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "e337564cbc4bdae4.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_cef911489b79", "question": {"candidates": ["Microscopy, Electron, Scanning", "Photomicrography", "Diagnostic Equipment", "Smallpox Vaccine", "Wales", "Smallpox"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"2bbe82c9668294ea.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "2bbe82c9668294ea.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_d4772f763dd7", "question": {"candidates": ["Oregon", "Nevirapine", "Distemper Virus, Canine", "Distemper"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"9b14978aa44f10bf.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "9b14978aa44f10bf.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_d4f31b1e4755", "question": {"candidates": ["Rodenticides", "Oregon", "Rift Valley Fever", "Rift Valley fever virus"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"155b37aa4a39e974.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "155b37aa4a39e974.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_d76dd4e894c8", "question": {"candidates": ["Chromoblastomycosis", "Blood Cells", "Mitosporic Fungi", "Immune System"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"ee543a1a595da81c.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "ee543a1a595da81c.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_db89b8413426", "question": {"candidates": ["Measles", "San Francisco", "India", "Measles virus", "Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine", "Population Surveillance"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"04954d657cc4a6c9.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "04954d657cc4a6c9.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_dbcdf7e30abe", "question": {"candidates": ["Arbovirus Infections", "Fusarium", "Influenza", "Fumonisins"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"b0fe18eba3ca1268.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "b0fe18eba3ca1268.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_df2bc2624493", "question": {"candidates": ["Malaria", "Lead", "Diagnostic Equipment", "Diagnosis", "HIV Antigens", "Insecticides"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"ecb901a4eb28a5a8.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "ecb901a4eb28a5a8.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_dff2e1b54352", "question": {"candidates": ["Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases", "Skin", "Charcoal", "Tularemia", "Diagnostic Equipment", "Francisella tularensis", "Methicillin Resistance", "Coke"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"46d58107893e1592.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "46d58107893e1592.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_e175d5662533", "question": {"candidates": ["Brain", "Enterovirus", "Teaching Materials", "Oregon"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"18188ae1f5609aa4.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "18188ae1f5609aa4.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_e6f730ff3998", "question": {"candidates": ["Diagnosis", "Anthrax", "Guinea", "Bacillus anthracis", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Insecticide Resistance"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"ca38fa3240e53ff3.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "ca38fa3240e53ff3.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_e722155d1e9c", "question": {"candidates": ["Hepatitis E virus", "Refugees", "Sudan", "Hepatitis E", "Smallpox Vaccine", "Copper", "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)", "Immunization"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"6325f30ff93e9b48.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "6325f30ff93e9b48.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_e7fbd985ba2f", "question": {"candidates": ["Insect Control", "Rabies", "Animal Diseases", "Food Analysis", "Rabies virus", "Equipment and Supplies"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"5f4e476e7cba4fd4.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "5f4e476e7cba4fd4.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_ee1d181f13f9", "question": {"candidates": ["Corynebacterium", "Propionibacterium acnes", "Hematologic Diseases", "Animal Diseases"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"0fd8f7134b58153a.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "0fd8f7134b58153a.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_f05225f21d88", "question": {"candidates": ["Pneumocystis jiroveci", "Carbon Tetrachloride", "Rodenticides", "Pneumonia, Pneumocystis", "New Mexico", "Toxins", "Opportunistic Infections", "Uganda", "Dermatomycoses", "Pneumocystis carinii"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"e333bddf8d26dc61.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "e333bddf8d26dc61.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_f0708b286825", "question": {"candidates": ["Nurses", "Eye Diseases", "Hematologic Diseases", "Photomicrography", "Hymenoptera", "Coronavirus Infections", "Microscopy, Electron, Scanning", "Arthropod Venoms"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"e2e941c0e287e5fe.jpg\", and which labels are missing from it?", "topic": "e2e941c0e287e5fe.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_f2b6aac393d0", "question": {"candidates": ["Guinea", "Microscopy", "Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever", "Communicable Disease Control", "Aedes", "Copper", "Disease Vectors", "X-Ray Film"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"42375be0b2a5e6f5.jpg\", and which are not present in it?", "topic": "42375be0b2a5e6f5.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_f4198c84d5f2", "question": {"candidates": ["Dirofilaria immitis", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Eye Diseases", "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)", "Immunization", "Diagnosis", "Filariasis", "Helminthiasis, Animal"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"547b6edcce462690.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "547b6edcce462690.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_f72d06e3ef99", "question": {"candidates": ["Pesticide Synergists", "Chitin", "Apicomplexa", "Hematologic Diseases", "Zambia", "Immunization", "Blood Cells", "Malaria"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"5cb2ee4d967d3275.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "5cb2ee4d967d3275.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_f83e49d39966", "question": {"candidates": ["Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)", "Carcinogens, Environmental", "Pesticides", "Disease", "Pulmonary Alveoli", "Communicable Diseases", "Glucose", "Immune System", "Democratic Republic of the Congo", "Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola", "Melanocytes", "Science", "Child Guidance", "Diagnostic Equipment"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"815d93262a2f448a.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "815d93262a2f448a.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_fa0c14f96bd8", "question": {"candidates": ["Flowmeters", "Veterinarians", "Salmonella typhimurium", "Water Pollutants", "Pipidae", "Salmonella Infections"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are shown in the image \"916922c59a33f38e.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "916922c59a33f38e.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_faa5735e773c", "question": {"candidates": ["Pestivirus Infections", "Pestivirus", "Brazil", "Universal Precautions"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"4714bd0895c3b9b7.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "4714bd0895c3b9b7.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_ff02ebc80eb3", "question": {"candidates": ["Diagnosis", "Food Contamination", "Animal Diseases", "Skin", "Transients and Migrants", "United States Government Agencies", "Schistosomiasis mansoni", "Schistosoma mansoni", "Pesticide Residues", "Sierra Leone", "Public Health", "Immune System"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the image \"1feb859878251cd1.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "1feb859878251cd1.jpg", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_049be1fc1274", "question": {"candidates": ["Middle East", "Genomics", "Private Sector", "Insurance, Health", "Hispanic or Latino", "Neoplasms"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"59d7379281e99d25.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "59d7379281e99d25.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_06c8f90a715f", "question": {"candidates": ["Composite Resins", "Dental Caries", "Anxiety Disorders", "Anxiety", "Dental Restoration, Permanent", "Drug Carriers", "Depression", "Mobile Applications"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"8a16fec3bccdc318.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "8a16fec3bccdc318.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_0c4af3f763b5", "question": {"candidates": ["Parkinson Disease", "Delivery of Health Care", "Systematic Reviews as Topic", "Patient-Centered Care", "Help-Seeking Behavior", "Neoplasms", "Government Programs", "Research Design"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"3068e8c7d7bbf772.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "3068e8c7d7bbf772.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_0f4d99249a6d", "question": {"candidates": ["HIV diagnosis and management", "Lung and Intrathoracic Tumors", "Drug Therapy", "Pediatrics", "Africa", "Adverse Reactions"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"jats_subject:Discipline-v3\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"36fad703703fbc15.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "36fad703703fbc15.pdf", "vocabulary": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_0fbc63997975", "question": {"candidates": ["Public Health", "Myanmar", "Adolescent Behavior", "Human Papillomavirus Viruses", "Uterine Cervical Neoplasms", "Malawi", "Papillomavirus Vaccines", "Depression", "Prisons", "Fertilization", "Vaccination", "Papillomavirus Infections"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"ae093d2b5c16849b.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "ae093d2b5c16849b.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_18c6d4973c85", "question": {"candidates": ["Pets", "Veterinary Medicine", "Diabetes Mellitus", "COVID-19"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"00482a5361c368ed.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "00482a5361c368ed.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_18e89a2aa21c", "question": {"candidates": ["Health Information Exchange", "Continuity of Patient Care", "Nanostructures", "Bentonite"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"c1c611b31fadbf56.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "c1c611b31fadbf56.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_1e36ac2664c2", "question": {"candidates": ["SARS-CoV-2", "Pandemics", "Intrauterine Devices", "Chemotherapy, Adjuvant", "COVID-19", "Psychometrics", "Ghana", "International Cooperation", "Global Health", "Databases, Factual", "Psychotic Disorders", "World Health Organization"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"935fdb5fbf456ac4.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "935fdb5fbf456ac4.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_2930f1aed965", "question": {"candidates": ["Chronic Disease", "Treatment Outcome", "Parenteral Nutrition, Home", "North America", "Malawi", "Intestinal Failure", "United Kingdom", "United States"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"ed520f34080572bf.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "ed520f34080572bf.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_2b5535ad5a8b", "question": {"candidates": ["Postpartum Period", "Noncommunicable Diseases", "Syphilis", "Rural Health Services", "Depression", "Palliative Care", "Rural Population", "Canada"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"cb491353725c2783.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "cb491353725c2783.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_2dbb158f5058", "question": {"candidates": ["Digital Media", "Reproductive Techniques, Assisted", "United Kingdom", "Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms", "Help-Seeking Behavior", "Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"4ca39dff3088d449.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "4ca39dff3088d449.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_2e8bd2d2a468", "question": {"candidates": ["Culicidae", "Sri Lanka", "Polymerase Chain Reaction", "Sociodemographic Factors", "Empirical Research", "Disability Discrimination", "Culex", "Genomics", "Chiropractic", "Disease Eradication", "Anti-Retroviral Agents", "Communication", "Anxiety Disorders", "Mosquito Vectors", "Brugia", "Elephantiasis, Filarial"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"1f83960f23da33b1.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "1f83960f23da33b1.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_32fa51007605", "question": {"candidates": ["Postpartum Period", "Fertilization", "HIV Infections", "Mental Health", "Psychological Well-Being", "Africa South of the Sahara", "HIV Testing", "Malaria"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"b489299c819d5b39.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "b489299c819d5b39.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_3635c2b3cbf3", "question": {"candidates": ["Nanostructures", "Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4", "Postpartum Period", "Terminology as Topic", "Breast Neoplasms", "Culex", "Adherence Interventions", "Scoping Reviews As Topic", "Bibliometrics", "Medication Adherence", "Prisons", "Internship and Residency", "Multicenter Studies as Topic", "Focus Groups", "Sub-Saharan African People", "Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6", "United Kingdom", "Protein Kinase Inhibitors", "Digital Media", "Government Programs", "Schools", "Clinical Trials as Topic", "Chemotherapy, Adjuvant", "Qualitative Research"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"4dede61e5fa6a256.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "4dede61e5fa6a256.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_36ee29a5140f", "question": {"candidates": ["Caregivers", "Pets and Companion Animals", "Cervical Cancer", "Ghana", "Dogs", "Cancer Prevention", "Veterinarians", "Cancer Treatment", "Cancer Screening", "Lung and Intrathoracic Tumors", "Rabies", "Vaccination and Immunization"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"jats_subject:Discipline-v3\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"00482a5361c368ed.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "00482a5361c368ed.pdf", "vocabulary": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_3f02cf148ea0", "question": {"candidates": ["Acute Coronary Syndrome", "Factor Analysis, Statistical", "Elephantiasis, Filarial", "China", "Surveys and Questionnaires", "Consensus", "Pets", "Human Papillomavirus Viruses", "Reproducibility of Results", "Malaria", "Asthma", "Veterinary Medicine", "Antipsychotic Agents", "Clinical Competence", "General Practitioners", "Delphi Technique"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"725bc6be6583fa30.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "725bc6be6583fa30.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_48e288ade249", "question": {"candidates": ["Consensus", "Scoping Reviews As Topic", "Social Justice", "Malaria", "Veterinary Medicine", "United Kingdom", "Patient Safety", "Women's Health", "HIV Infections", "Maternal Health Services"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"59436ddfe3fe81b1.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "59436ddfe3fe81b1.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_4a0951991ddf", "question": {"candidates": ["Abortion, Induced", "Risk-Taking", "Polymerase Chain Reaction", "Pediatrics", "Culex", "Noncommunicable Diseases", "Practice Guidelines as Topic", "Malawi"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"31127c870730d9e4.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "31127c870730d9e4.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_4c9e1e475360", "question": {"candidates": ["India", "Scoping Reviews As Topic", "Obstetric Nursing", "Psychotic Disorders", "Communication", "Nursing Diagnosis", "Cesarean Section", "HELLP Syndrome"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"93668674b8b4b4ce.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "93668674b8b4b4ce.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_57ff62c6662d", "question": {"candidates": ["Adolescent Behavior", "Obstetrics", "Mobility Limitation", "Rib Fractures", "Mental Disorders", "United States", "Abortion, Induced", "Contraceptive Agents", "Abortion, Legal", "Anti-Bacterial Agents", "Systematic Reviews as Topic", "Internship and Residency", "Maternal Health", "Health Equity"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"58972f90fe4c1a0d.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "58972f90fe4c1a0d.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_59168f68afe9", "question": {"candidates": ["Medication Errors", "Myocardial Infarction", "Diabetic Foot", "Non-Medical Prescribing", "Weight Gain", "Epilepsy", "Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological", "Research Design", "Drug Prescriptions", "Systematic Reviews as Topic"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"fb54f6be13664cf7.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "fb54f6be13664cf7.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
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+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_5e79b705140b", "question": {"candidates": ["Bibliometrics", "India", "Malaria", "Research Design", "Systematic Reviews as Topic", "Pharmacists", "Professional Role", "Clinical Competence"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"0025ca820d894a2c.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "0025ca820d894a2c.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
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+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_602647a43e44", "question": {"candidates": ["Anxiety", "Medical Oncology", "Scoping Reviews As Topic", "Self-Management", "Parkinson Disease", "Cetylpyridinium"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"7e2a04060b45f15a.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "7e2a04060b45f15a.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
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+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_700a8834e93b", "question": {"candidates": ["Surveys and Questionnaires", "Antipsychotic Agents", "General Practitioners", "Health Policy", "Psychotic Disorders", "Weight Gain", "Metabolic Diseases", "Clinical Competence"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"59f9453c25c17245.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "59f9453c25c17245.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_72716e752dfa", "question": {"candidates": ["Hispanic or Latino", "International Cooperation", "Terminology as Topic", "Neoplasms", "Genomics", "Vaccination", "Dental Materials", "United States", "Latin America", "Psychotherapy"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"e354809e54972ec2.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "e354809e54972ec2.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_78296dc504e0", "question": {"candidates": ["Indigenous Peoples", "Public Health Infrastructure", "Stakeholder Participation", "Greece", "Nanotubes", "Public Health", "Delayed-Action Preparations", "Health Policy", "Nerve Block", "Anti-Bacterial Agents", "COVID-19", "Primary Care Nursing"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"2ffe9589d10b1e44.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "2ffe9589d10b1e44.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_7c441244b567", "question": {"candidates": ["Medication Errors", "Hematology", "Insurance, Health", "Hematologic Neoplasms"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"e182146a56c5ab23.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "e182146a56c5ab23.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_7cbe26904470", "question": {"candidates": ["COVID-19", "United States", "Contraception", "Family Planning Services", "Research Design", "Head and Neck Neoplasms", "Contraceptive Agents", "Health Services", "Uterine Cervical Neoplasms", "Papillomavirus Infections"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"66df612ef060e32a.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "66df612ef060e32a.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
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+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_8dcdb217a2e5", "question": {"candidates": ["Practice Guidelines as Topic", "Prodromal Symptoms", "Respiratory Sounds", "Systematic Reviews as Topic", "Public Health", "Guideline Adherence"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"2831eda7ad7e8eb3.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "2831eda7ad7e8eb3.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_927a981e7d43", "question": {"candidates": ["Mobile Applications", "Guideline Adherence", "Endodontics", "Osteoradionecrosis", "Maternal Health Services", "Head and Neck Neoplasms"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"b3b772fbcce39189.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "b3b772fbcce39189.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_9a5e6972f367", "question": {"candidates": ["Women's Health", "Socioeconomic Factors", "Reproductive Techniques, Assisted", "Australia", "Rural Health Services", "Europe", "Socioeconomic Disparities in Health", "North America"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"7a99e5406466bd7b.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "7a99e5406466bd7b.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_9b13646de561", "question": {"candidates": ["Qualitative Research", "Asthma", "Brazil", "Disability Discrimination", "Professional Role", "Respiratory Sounds", "Indigenous Peoples", "Analgesics, Opioid"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"5a4bbff4b6cfeca0.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "5a4bbff4b6cfeca0.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_9c1372705804", "question": {"candidates": ["Bentonite", "International Cooperation", "Palliative Care", "Nanotubes", "Persons with Disabilities", "Human Papillomavirus Viruses", "Neoplasms", "Medical Oncology", "Narrative Medicine", "Communication", "Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6", "Bibliometrics"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"6ba621c2dbe3b32f.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "6ba621c2dbe3b32f.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_9f555fc301d4", "question": {"candidates": ["Nerve Block", "Analgesics, Opioid", "Obstetrics", "Treatment Outcome", "Mobile Applications", "Pain Management", "Rib Fractures", "Chiropractic", "Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic", "Review Literature as Topic", "Pain Measurement", "Australia", "Persons with Disabilities", "Sri Lanka"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"d16cfc3051d0c1de.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "d16cfc3051d0c1de.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_ab49cc957aee", "question": {"candidates": ["Smoking Habits", "Child Health", "Malawi", "Food Allergies", "Health Systems Strengthening", "Respiratory Infections", "Pediatrics", "Indigenous Populations", "Pharmacists", "Allied Health Care Professionals", "Asthma", "Systematic Reviews", "Medical Risk Factors", "HIV diagnosis and management"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"jats_subject:Discipline-v3\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"5a4bbff4b6cfeca0.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "5a4bbff4b6cfeca0.pdf", "vocabulary": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_afcd9aa13e77", "question": {"candidates": ["Mental Disorders", "Socioeconomic Disparities in Health", "Mobility Limitation", "China", "Caribbean Region", "Sociodemographic Factors", "Psychiatry", "Socioeconomic Factors"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"d36fdde681451d57.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "d36fdde681451d57.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_b63b8811ffb2", "question": {"candidates": ["Pregnancy Complications, Infectious", "Fertilization", "Health Services Research", "Qualitative Research", "Interviews as Topic", "HIV Infections", "Chiropractic", "Osteoradionecrosis", "Anxiety", "United Kingdom"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"4de8b434bf16bc81.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "4de8b434bf16bc81.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_b8c01b431eec", "question": {"candidates": ["Mental Disorders", "Psychotherapy", "Mental Health Services", "Papillomavirus Vaccines", "Psychiatry", "Neoplasms", "Primary Care Nursing", "Diabetic Foot"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"60d5b5767f00a709.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "60d5b5767f00a709.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_b90b7e9860b6", "question": {"candidates": ["Refugees", "Electronic Health Records", "Mobile Health Units", "Internet", "Digital Technology", "Papillomavirus Infections", "Rural Health Services", "Chronic Disease", "Hematology", "Rural Population", "Satellite Communications", "Noncommunicable Diseases"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"29d0ffb53cd7f5f6.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "29d0ffb53cd7f5f6.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_c3830f4e5756", "question": {"candidates": ["Abortion, Induced", "Pharmaceutical Services", "Head and Neck Neoplasms", "Review Literature as Topic"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"b7e2bdce74586a91.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "b7e2bdce74586a91.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_c84b0d6c321f", "question": {"candidates": ["Health Care Facilities", "Virus Testing", "Allied Health Care Professionals", "HIV prevention"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"jats_subject:Discipline-v3\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"7db9adcda32dd089.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "7db9adcda32dd089.pdf", "vocabulary": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_ca7583cbcb63", "question": {"candidates": ["Global Health", "SARS-CoV-2", "Prodromal Symptoms", "Myocardial Infarction", "Acute Coronary Syndrome", "Anxiety", "Pandemics", "Private Sector"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"75f19ce56b76be70.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "75f19ce56b76be70.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_cecb77b4ae8c", "question": {"candidates": ["Low Socioeconomic Status", "Psychometrics", "Myocardial Infarction", "Socioeconomic Factors", "Socioeconomic Disparities in Health", "Research Design", "Oral Health", "Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"b0aea42ef11215f0.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "b0aea42ef11215f0.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_cf21e68a474d", "question": {"candidates": ["Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4", "Meta-Analysis as Topic", "Analgesics, Opioid", "Ghana", "Uterine Cervical Neoplasms", "Qualitative Research", "Psychiatry", "Dental Materials", "Systematic Reviews as Topic", "Early Detection of Cancer"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"799b9f117e90e8ef.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "799b9f117e90e8ef.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_d1044f0cb462", "question": {"candidates": ["Concept Formation", "Drug Carriers", "Review Literature as Topic", "Public Health", "Prodromal Symptoms", "Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological", "Intestinal Failure", "Brugia", "Empirical Research", "Government Programs"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"a88df240d5cc051e.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "a88df240d5cc051e.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_d37ace7a7710", "question": {"candidates": ["Digital Technology", "Europe", "Abortion, Legal", "Noncommunicable Diseases", "Protein Kinase Inhibitors", "Contraceptive Agents", "Scoping Reviews As Topic", "Quality of Health Care", "Chronic Disease", "Contraception"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"2c7d4f8f0e791a14.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "2c7d4f8f0e791a14.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_d6135f87f031", "question": {"candidates": ["Nurse's Role", "HIV Infections", "Palliative Care", "Anti-Retroviral Agents", "Reproducibility of Results", "Dental Caries"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"f0f263936c9e2af6.pdf\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "f0f263936c9e2af6.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_d883e4935c73", "question": {"candidates": ["Perinatal Care", "Malaria", "Dental Caries", "Health Services, Indigenous"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"239d277f63807086.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "239d277f63807086.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_da1122fc36b3", "question": {"candidates": ["Early Detection of Cancer", "Obstetrics", "Violence", "HELLP Syndrome", "Risk-Taking", "Scoping Reviews As Topic", "Nurses", "Greece", "Adolescent Behavior", "Cesarean Section"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"34b2c2eb86d2caa7.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "34b2c2eb86d2caa7.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_db17613dc215", "question": {"candidates": ["Malawi", "HIV Infections", "Violence", "Indigenous Peoples"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"9e7709e13cdcbf1c.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "9e7709e13cdcbf1c.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_dc12d4313c55", "question": {"candidates": ["Papillomavirus Vaccines", "Diabetic Foot", "Latin America", "Reproducibility of Results", "Stakeholder Participation", "Psychometrics"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"7e65d3e3b7d9ada1.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "7e65d3e3b7d9ada1.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_dcf5125d75d2", "question": {"candidates": ["Dogs", "Ghana", "Metaanalysis", "Cancer Prevention", "Rabies", "Cancer Treatment", "Pharmacists", "Cervical Cancer", "Caregivers", "Cancer Screening", "HIV epidemiology", "Pets and Companion Animals", "Veterinarians", "Systematic Reviews"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"jats_subject:Discipline-v3\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"799b9f117e90e8ef.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "799b9f117e90e8ef.pdf", "vocabulary": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_df001509b8fe", "question": {"candidates": ["Health Systems Strengthening", "HIV", "Child Health", "Systematic Reviews", "Food Allergies", "Adverse Reactions", "HIV epidemiology", "Pediatrics", "Respiratory Infections", "Malawi", "Health Care Policy", "Cervical Cancer", "HIV diagnosis and management", "Smoking Habits", "Cancer Treatment", "Asthma"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"jats_subject:Discipline-v3\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"9e7709e13cdcbf1c.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "9e7709e13cdcbf1c.pdf", "vocabulary": "jats_subject:Discipline-v3"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_e0ec03625219", "question": {"candidates": ["Endodontics", "Refugees", "Hematologic Neoplasms", "Asia, Southeastern", "Osteoradionecrosis", "Myanmar"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"180a75df824d6c95.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "180a75df824d6c95.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_e1ef7a09f703", "question": {"candidates": ["Qualitative Research", "Brazil", "Dental Restoration, Permanent", "Anti-Bacterial Agents", "Bentonite", "Empirical Research", "India", "Dental Caries", "Cetylpyridinium", "Composite Resins", "Concept Formation", "Databases, Factual", "Dental Materials", "North America", "United Kingdom", "Delayed-Action Preparations", "Satellite Communications", "Clay", "Review Literature as Topic", "Internet", "Nanotubes", "Pediatrics", "Drug Carriers", "Nanostructures"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"cb8981abf5091c52.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "cb8981abf5091c52.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_e25642a97b1b", "question": {"candidates": ["Disability Discrimination", "Cetylpyridinium", "Persons with Disabilities", "Evidence Gaps", "Mobile Applications", "Prisons"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"ec103f967219e228.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "ec103f967219e228.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_e5d7ae55f20e", "question": {"candidates": ["Nurse's Role", "Greece", "China", "Neoplasms", "Delphi Technique", "Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"cb4bf71103c238bd.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "cb4bf71103c238bd.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_fcc7ddf372df", "question": {"candidates": ["Australia", "Culturally Competent Care", "Transients and Migrants", "Nurse's Role", "Diabetes Mellitus", "United States", "Latin America", "Middle East", "Anti-Retroviral Agents", "Primary Care Nursing"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"f627d5c265f18b59.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "f627d5c265f18b59.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "healthcare", "qid": "T6_healthcare_ffa92e53e3a6", "question": {"candidates": ["HIV Infections", "Internship and Residency", "Middle East", "Digital Media", "Stakeholder Participation", "Sociodemographic Factors", "HIV Testing", "Culicidae", "Mobile Applications", "Health Promotion"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"21f36cdff3b58f16.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "21f36cdff3b58f16.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
diff --git a/release/questions/T6/psychology.jsonl b/release/questions/T6/psychology.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d0d0c7537dfa143e93e820b8aa6d6b1297cc5781
--- /dev/null
+++ b/release/questions/T6/psychology.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_04dc3dde330d", "question": {"candidates": ["Nature and nurture", "Consuls", "Human anatomy", "Intestines", "Persons with Intellectual Disabilities", "Urinary Tract", "Urinary Bladder", "Lymphatic System", "Music Therapy", "Headgear", "Intestine, Small", "Neurophysiology"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"3614a18ea3086772.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "3614a18ea3086772.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_057f2de57e85", "question": {"candidates": ["Physicians - Malpractice", "Morphine", "Skeleton", "Church buildings", "Strychnine", "Physicians - Salaries, etc.", "Hearses (Vehicles)", "Hydrocyanic acid", "Senses and sensation", "Mercury", "Sick", "Guilt", "Christianity", "Homeopathy", "Opium", "Devil", "Women patients", "Patriotism", "Mesmerism", "Science", "Child", "Dangerously mentally ill", "Profit", "Alternative medicine", "Gas light fixtures", "Arsenic", "Operations, Surgical", "Horses", "Lute", "Excision (Surgery)", "Music", "Gardeners"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"02aef82cf3877873.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "02aef82cf3877873.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_09674848e766", "question": {"candidates": ["Medical consultation", "Obesity", "Neuroses", "Mongols", "Delusions", "Metamorphosis, Biological", "House furnishings", "Physicians - Salaries, etc.", "Medical fees", "Physician and patient"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"ba9dfc0579fa06cf.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "ba9dfc0579fa06cf.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_0c757058f910", "question": {"candidates": ["Nose", "Scholars", "Nuns", "Gossip"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"39fe2c97b48152f9.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "39fe2c97b48152f9.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_0da1fa24bb98", "question": {"candidates": ["Family", "Temperament", "Clinics", "House furnishings", "Psychiatry", "Psychology", "Furniture", "Almshouses"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are present in the image \"7289c81640ab6876.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "7289c81640ab6876.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_0db6ddae5661", "question": {"candidates": ["Kings and rulers", "Hospital beds", "Feathers", "Syncope", "Marriage law", "Intelligence"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"27b3395fc5e4146b.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "27b3395fc5e4146b.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_105f2e007d3a", "question": {"candidates": ["Temperament", "Older people", "Psychology - History", "Thermopylae, Battle of, Greece, 480 B.C."], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"54ea64d8cb6d25ff.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "54ea64d8cb6d25ff.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_1167c8b359bc", "question": {"candidates": ["Stigmatization", "Persons with Intellectual Disabilities", "Down Syndrome", "Nature and nurture"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"65e06392b6c2630e.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "65e06392b6c2630e.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_14d149ddc05c", "question": {"candidates": ["Bellevue Hospital Center", "Franz Joseph Gall", "Chrysippus of Soli", "Johann Spurzheim"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lc_names\" labels are covered by the image \"89fbb9b170914751.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "89fbb9b170914751.jpg", "vocabulary": "lc_names"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_16d639ea745a", "question": {"candidates": ["Older people", "Eyeglasses", "Patients", "Physicians"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"123c9fa8b7d81632.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "123c9fa8b7d81632.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_1ab5309a302b", "question": {"candidates": ["Portrait drawings", "Photomechanical prints", "Gouaches", "Graphite drawings"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"wellcome_genre\" labels are covered by the image \"aace25a137cae6c8.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "aace25a137cae6c8.jpg", "vocabulary": "wellcome_genre"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_1ce930d3665f", "question": {"candidates": ["Books", "Blessing and cursing", "Drawing books", "Private libraries", "House furnishings", "Artists' preparatory studies"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"add8ee686420bd35.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "add8ee686420bd35.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_1ee02c0df4e5", "question": {"candidates": ["Chairs", "Temperament", "Mentally ill children", "Fighting dogs"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are represented in the image \"b43e2ec2ac4e35a1.jpg\", and which are not?", "topic": "b43e2ec2ac4e35a1.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_1f50f9a456ef", "question": {"candidates": ["Diagrams", "Postcards", "Photomechanical prints", "Electronic journals"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"wellcome_genre\" labels are covered by the image \"c65ab9ffb37cf052.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "c65ab9ffb37cf052.jpg", "vocabulary": "wellcome_genre"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_23560479b917", "question": {"candidates": ["Visual Perception", "Insecta", "Bilateral", "Thinking", "CNS", "Eustache, 1773-1835.", "Machine", "Brain function", "Mind", "Ideas"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"wellcome_local_subject\" labels are covered by the image \"313ba17016ddbabc.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "313ba17016ddbabc.jpg", "vocabulary": "wellcome_local_subject"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_24ce69b8ab6a", "question": {"candidates": ["Surgeons", "Plague", "Physicians", "Medical consultation"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"e43bffc25aaffcca.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "e43bffc25aaffcca.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_299b9267647d", "question": {"candidates": ["Drawing books", "Physicians", "Psychiatric hospital patients - Restraint", "Marriage law", "Psychiatric hospital patients", "Psychiatric hospital patients - Seclusion"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are represented in the image \"6bcb4b8fb0055c70.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "6bcb4b8fb0055c70.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_2c27f84f6914", "question": {"candidates": ["Human Body", "Physicians", "Jews", "Skeleton", "Physicians - Salaries, etc.", "Caribbean Region", "Hand", "Medical fees", "Hallucinations", "Posture", "Hearses (Vehicles)", "Psychology - History", "Delusions", "Perception"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are shown in the image \"da7d3aa633c7c1d1.jpg\", and which are not present in it?", "topic": "da7d3aa633c7c1d1.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_2ccaf027be2f", "question": {"candidates": ["Wheelbarrows", "Marasmus", "Psychology - History", "Gardeners"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"50f3a4115b644fd6.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "50f3a4115b644fd6.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_2d625c2a8b3c", "question": {"candidates": ["Missionaries", "Ideals (Aesthetics)", "Philosophers", "Farmers", "Nature and nurture", "Touch", "Birds", "Lute"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"58e25f604309349b.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "58e25f604309349b.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_2d852da53e52", "question": {"candidates": ["Artists' models", "Regret", "Learning and scholarship", "Books", "Easels", "Head - Surgery", "Psychology - History", "Intelligence", "Astronomy", "Geometry", "Globes", "Desire", "Deer", "Surgical Instruments", "Hour-glasses", "Philosophy", "Fans", "Urns", "Voice", "Artists' tools"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"3e665e30361aae3f.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "3e665e30361aae3f.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_3206df2606a7", "question": {"candidates": ["Psychiatric hospital patients", "Quietude", "Christianity", "Smoking", "Billiards", "Domestic Violence"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are represented in the image \"a440d4ea340574d8.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "a440d4ea340574d8.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_32fe5616155a", "question": {"candidates": ["Fountains", "Gardens", "Mass Behavior", "Selling - Drugs"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"21af634415e138f2.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "21af634415e138f2.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_38cbd9b15f7d", "question": {"candidates": ["Mass Behavior", "Fashion", "Mentally ill children", "Ear", "Clinics", "Lions", "Artists with disabilities", "Panic"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"80ce0e11d6bd7888.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "80ce0e11d6bd7888.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_3a9a59696565", "question": {"candidates": ["New York City", "France", "Bellevue Hospital Center", "Mary"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lc_names\" labels are covered by the image \"8289513a04dc92bd.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "8289513a04dc92bd.jpg", "vocabulary": "lc_names"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_3e1cba445901", "question": {"candidates": ["Goats", "Posture", "Interior architecture", "Vases"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"b18c236b102ef060.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "b18c236b102ef060.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_3f6c417eeea1", "question": {"candidates": ["Ideals (Aesthetics)", "God - Wrath", "Hearing", "Obesity", "God", "Physician and patient", "Deer", "Voice", "Children - Diseases", "Spatial behavior", "Lute", "Psychology - History", "Hate", "Christianity", "Senses and sensation", "Hypochondriasis", "Animals - Symbolic aspects", "Executions and executioners", "Farmers", "Fall of man", "Music", "Gardens", "Nature and nurture", "Physiology, Comparative"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"a80bb4bd226f38c5.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "a80bb4bd226f38c5.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_424ea4686f51", "question": {"candidates": ["Splints (Surgery)", "Chiroptera", "Human anatomy", "Monsters"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"3657bee0c233ea62.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "3657bee0c233ea62.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_490c6cb14a63", "question": {"candidates": ["Excision (Surgery)", "Mentally ill", "Head - Surgery", "Calculi", "Older women", "Workshops", "Nose", "Mothers", "Reading", "Operations, Surgical", "Surgical Instruments", "Skeleton", "Families - Health and hygiene", "Aphorisms and Proverbs as Topic"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"b8ae0dbf219e192f.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "b8ae0dbf219e192f.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_4a1fb8934945", "question": {"candidates": ["Senses and sensation", "Soldiers", "Benevolence", "Surgical Instruments"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"011f75652516f19b.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "011f75652516f19b.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_4ad87bf2cb8b", "question": {"candidates": ["Chairs", "Teaching", "Turks", "Caribbean Region"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are represented in the image \"dedd16c38b8c0ceb.jpg\", and which ones are not present?", "topic": "dedd16c38b8c0ceb.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_4b8c07e4ffaf", "question": {"candidates": ["Thames River (England)", "Drowning", "Hospital wards", "Country life"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"b18c0153f63df07e.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "b18c0153f63df07e.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_4dd80150d484", "question": {"candidates": ["Sick", "Rainstorms", "Artists' preparatory studies", "Mass Behavior", "Country life", "Rain", "Artists with disabilities", "Self-help techniques"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"cef05891f0b6fd41.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "cef05891f0b6fd41.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_4e298b2783c0", "question": {"candidates": ["Nuns", "Smell", "Funeral rites and ceremonies", "Artists' preparatory studies"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"795da4a5581c5eb7.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "795da4a5581c5eb7.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_500fa35c7b5f", "question": {"candidates": ["Psychology - History", "Children - Diseases", "Wit and Humor", "Senses and sensation", "Blood", "Spider webs", "Suffering", "Temperament", "Ugliness", "Persons with Intellectual Disabilities", "Physician and patient", "Monsters", "Piety", "Wigs", "Birds", "Gastropoda", "Lute", "Wounds and Injuries", "Beak", "Touch"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are represented in the image \"45103039fb1db7dc.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "45103039fb1db7dc.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_5338464682a5", "question": {"candidates": ["Mentally ill women", "Mania", "Rites and ceremonies", "Ugliness"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"45cec1f8cb5a8572.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "45cec1f8cb5a8572.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_545c82cb4998", "question": {"candidates": ["Police services for the mentally ill", "Sick", "Convalescence", "Audiences", "Human behavior - Animal models", "Bedrooms", "House furnishings", "Reading", "Lectures and lecturing", "Books"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"57ad3d005b1f7e69.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "57ad3d005b1f7e69.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_54c87f83ac65", "question": {"candidates": ["Human behavior - Animal models", "Patients", "Domes", "Gesture", "Chairs", "Psychology", "Dental instruments and apparatus", "Anxiety"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"22b3ca76c70c8e40.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "22b3ca76c70c8e40.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_58965040e4fa", "question": {"candidates": ["Shock", "Terror", "Busts", "Psychology - History", "Puppets", "Costume - France", "Rich people", "Bereavement", "Vegetables", "Sick children", "Furniture - France", "Medicine", "Dolls", "Bedrooms"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"0c3b8634f4a7e23c.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "0c3b8634f4a7e23c.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_59a737dfb7ad", "question": {"candidates": ["Sadness", "Psychiatric hospital patients - Seclusion", "Mentally ill", "Christianity"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"81328314d57ab084.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "81328314d57ab084.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_5a671e49055e", "question": {"candidates": ["Husband and wife", "Stoics", "Suicide victims", "Depth Perception"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are shown in the image \"f482552b20697574.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "f482552b20697574.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_5c7d05609e00", "question": {"candidates": ["Audiences", "Mentally ill women", "Weight (Physics)", "Fires", "Almshouses", "Lectures and lecturing"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are shown in the image \"4f44bf6b7422c3d3.jpg\" and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "4f44bf6b7422c3d3.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_5ccdb66852a9", "question": {"candidates": ["Physician and patient", "Posture in worship", "Wigs", "Cult"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"7e2bf7fe0adb85cb.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "7e2bf7fe0adb85cb.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_5e493672117f", "question": {"candidates": ["Flowers", "Thermometers", "Milk", "Begging", "Last words", "Judicial error", "Trials", "Executions and executioners", "Murder", "Husband and wife"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"b5b64729ac17666c.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "b5b64729ac17666c.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_5f33f5314d07", "question": {"candidates": ["Belief and doubt", "Persons with Intellectual Disabilities", "Resurrection", "Missionaries", "Princes", "Children with mental disabilities", "Jews", "Pride and vanity", "Conversion", "Psychology - History", "Old age", "Idols and images", "Christianity and other religions - Greek", "Ugliness", "Kings and rulers", "Christianity"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"0528ec48494c3763.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "0528ec48494c3763.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_5fdd5c39a765", "question": {"candidates": ["Wesley, Mehetable.", "Magenta", "Wesley, Susannah.", "Patients", "Hospitals, Psychiatric", "Blue", "Sympathy", "Hensworth.", "Vulnerable", "Phrenology", "Illustration", "Emotions", "Sad", "History, 19th Century", "Support", "Painting, Kalighat", "Left-right brain asymmetry", "Concept", "Disease", "Sitting Position", "Model organism", "Despair", "Senses", "Thinking", "FACETS", "Artwork", "Yellow", "Painting", "Carlisle (Cumbria, England)", "17th century", "OMATIDIA", "Aquatic vertebrae", "Chauffron.", "Cancer", "Death", "Feel", "Austria", "Fruit fly", "Understanding", "Netherlands"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"wellcome_local_subject\" labels are covered by the image \"8a1b93f7f8bde665.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "8a1b93f7f8bde665.jpg", "vocabulary": "wellcome_local_subject"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_6096f95f575d", "question": {"candidates": ["Geometry", "Superstitions", "Psychotherapist and patient", "Proportion (Anthropometry)"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"db298bfabeb31ac7.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "db298bfabeb31ac7.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_629fbead23f5", "question": {"candidates": ["Daughters", "Families - Health and hygiene", "Church buildings", "Horses"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"ef2863e4dcad3559.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "ef2863e4dcad3559.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_632e1caab1a5", "question": {"candidates": ["Ugliness", "Lymphatic System", "Wit and Humor", "Urinary Tract"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are represented in the image \"aace25a137cae6c8.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "aace25a137cae6c8.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_64d6ecd3044c", "question": {"candidates": ["Hypochondriasis", "Neurophysiology", "Brain - Localization of functions", "Gas light fixtures", "Horses", "Church buildings"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"825cb7ea2ab72a71.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "825cb7ea2ab72a71.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_66813bc71e25", "question": {"candidates": ["Ideas", "Neuronal signalling", "Faesch, Emmanuel, 1753-1835 Art collections.", "Connections", "Multi-coloured", "Visual Perception", "Pink", "Neural network", "History, 18th Century", "Neurone", "Chennevières, François de, 1699-1779.", "Asylum", "Senses", "Structure", "Artwork", "Migration"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"wellcome_local_subject\" labels are covered by the image \"45afef38667b3807.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "45afef38667b3807.jpg", "vocabulary": "wellcome_local_subject"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_66c56a375fbb", "question": {"candidates": ["Saul", "Marion Delorme", "David", "Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lc_names\" labels are shown in the image \"dd19b74f423b6aea.jpg\", and which are not present in it?", "topic": "dd19b74f423b6aea.jpg", "vocabulary": "lc_names"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_68cb2abcc6fc", "question": {"candidates": ["Benevolence", "Stoics", "Self-defense", "Wife abuse - India", "Intelligence", "Coffins", "Married people", "Shoes", "Anxiety", "Domestic Violence", "Brooms and brushes", "Vases"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"3f25413ce14bd60f.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "3f25413ce14bd60f.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_68d0057e20c3", "question": {"candidates": ["Ethiopians", "Bandages", "Shoe shiners", "Hearing", "Smoking", "Hour-glasses", "Smoking Pipes", "Prayers for the dead", "Incense", "Artists' tools", "Opium", "Tea", "Books", "Psychiatric hospital patients - Restraint", "Funeral rites and ceremonies", "Altars"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"535eac4a774dc702.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "535eac4a774dc702.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_6addac5d7b9e", "question": {"candidates": ["Head - Surgery", "Surgical Instruments", "Posture", "Excision (Surgery)", "Marriage law", "Lip", "Hate", "Operations, Surgical", "Aphorisms and Proverbs as Topic", "Mentally ill", "Wife abuse - India", "Smoking", "Women patients", "Skeleton", "Calculi", "Piety"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"ec1e411fdcffe768.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "ec1e411fdcffe768.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_6d80b6e765e7", "question": {"candidates": ["Syncope", "Church buildings", "Psychology - History", "Criminal Psychology", "Benevolence", "Mourning customs"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"228dbe4e622e6f8f.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "228dbe4e622e6f8f.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_6e0b8523d49d", "question": {"candidates": ["Gregory I", "Marion Delorme", "Salomon de Caus", "Hôpital Bicêtre", "Hugo van der Goes", "Edward Somerset, 2nd Marquess of Worcester", "Francis of Assisi", "Mary Toft"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lc_names\" labels are shown in the image \"6bcb4b8fb0055c70.jpg\", and which are not present in it?", "topic": "6bcb4b8fb0055c70.jpg", "vocabulary": "lc_names"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_6e561c67be8c", "question": {"candidates": ["Temperament", "Stigmatization", "African People", "Blood"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"b76522006d5b219a.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "b76522006d5b219a.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_6fac3faed0fc", "question": {"candidates": ["Smell", "Biology - History", "Chains", "Taste", "Devil", "Touch", "Funeral rites and ceremonies", "Hearing"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"fe8ad29c505cfd55.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "fe8ad29c505cfd55.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_725f1293b991", "question": {"candidates": ["Taste", "Senses and sensation", "Coffins", "Belief and doubt"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"a8af6a452de7d11d.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "a8af6a452de7d11d.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_730952b39183", "question": {"candidates": ["Homeopathy", "Bandages", "Head - Wounds and injuries", "Hearses (Vehicles)", "Human Body", "Leg", "Private libraries", "Surgery, Operative", "Smell", "Veins", "Psychiatric hospital patients", "Books", "Splints (Surgery)", "Police services for the mentally ill", "House furnishings", "Surgical Instruments", "Joint Dislocations", "Wounds and injuries - Treatment"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"abf342ef5a63a754.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "abf342ef5a63a754.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_732079f960d9", "question": {"candidates": ["Mothers", "Billiards", "Psychiatric hospital patients", "Infants", "Criminal Psychology", "Beds", "Psychology - History", "Bedrooms"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"653e29035256504d.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "653e29035256504d.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_754546ed408e", "question": {"candidates": ["Self-help techniques", "Psychiatric hospital patients", "Costume - History - 19th century", "Physicians", "Christianity", "Piety", "Devil", "Lectures and lecturing"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"e885fbef22e82d9e.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "e885fbef22e82d9e.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_768f3ff48610", "question": {"candidates": ["Gardens", "Will", "Physics", "Gesture", "Hypnosis", "Science - History - 19th century", "Temperament", "Bowls (Game)", "Psychology - History", "Social classes - France", "Quackery", "Psychology", "Weight (Physics)", "Working class", "Students", "Perception", "Philosophy", "Direct selling", "Hysteria", "Posture", "Fountains", "Teaching"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"cfbdab252e61273e.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "cfbdab252e61273e.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_77f15b563b99", "question": {"candidates": ["Marie Wittman", "Franz Joseph Gall", "Francis of Assisi", "Gregory I"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lc_names\" labels are shown in the image \"b76522006d5b219a.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "b76522006d5b219a.jpg", "vocabulary": "lc_names"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_78dce373ce45", "question": {"candidates": ["Mental health", "Stores, Retail", "Workshops", "Armies", "Funeral rites and ceremonies", "Physicians - Malpractice", "Physicians - Salaries, etc.", "Asylums", "Hospitals - France", "Germans"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"cefc69b43a10fa06.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "cefc69b43a10fa06.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_7a2da3e1f8d9", "question": {"candidates": ["Hate", "Jealousy", "Beak", "Spider webs"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"358c9953edefd691.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "358c9953edefd691.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_7c1309d31e98", "question": {"candidates": ["Rain", "Brain - Anatomy", "Anxiety", "Neurophysiology"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"879a3c758dea3fb3.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "879a3c758dea3fb3.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_7c34887c9e9c", "question": {"candidates": ["Fulgence Raymond", "Esther", "Louis XIV of France", "United Kingdom", "Xerxes I", "Darenth Asylum and Schools"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lc_names\" labels are shown in the image \"27b3395fc5e4146b.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "27b3395fc5e4146b.jpg", "vocabulary": "lc_names"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_7cd594b0885c", "question": {"candidates": ["Historical Jesus", "South Africa", "Brussels", "Marie Wittman", "Jean Calas", "Joseph Babinski", "Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital", "Édouard Brissaud", "Dymphna", "Paris", "Jean-Martin Charcot", "Geel", "Fulgence Raymond", "Johannes Clauberg"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lc_names\" labels are shown by the image \"be0cbaa0ee771028.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "be0cbaa0ee771028.jpg", "vocabulary": "lc_names"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_7d1a73b921d7", "question": {"candidates": ["Priests", "Working class", "Mourning customs", "Sheep", "Anura", "Extreme unction"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"4ce79c86391a53e6.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "4ce79c86391a53e6.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_7f43c85ae885", "question": {"candidates": ["Franz Joseph Gall", "New York City", "Édouard Brissaud", "Bellevue Hospital Center"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lc_names\" labels are shown in the image \"643f3eb9124011fa.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "643f3eb9124011fa.jpg", "vocabulary": "lc_names"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_7f4e6200352d", "question": {"candidates": ["Harp", "Weapons", "Infants", "Muscle strength", "Psychology", "Extreme unction", "Music Therapy", "Body armor"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"dd19b74f423b6aea.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "dd19b74f423b6aea.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_801f06fcd084", "question": {"candidates": ["Trials", "Jealousy", "Psychiatric hospital patients - Restraint", "Lions", "Neuroses", "Statues", "Philosophers", "Chains", "Dangerously mentally ill", "Mentally ill"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"1abe06936ac54fc6.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "1abe06936ac54fc6.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_815d5b77660f", "question": {"candidates": ["Burial", "Coffins", "Psychology - History", "Ideals (Aesthetics)"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are represented in the image \"78a5935f06c7fb7c.jpg\", and which ones are not?", "topic": "78a5935f06c7fb7c.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_8188f42497f4", "question": {"candidates": ["Methodism", "Will", "Patriotism", "Psychology", "Philosophy", "Intelligence", "Body armor", "Religion"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"699af2f36ed8b7bc.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "699af2f36ed8b7bc.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_819d2c8cab50", "question": {"candidates": ["Adam", "Eve", "Carl Reinhardt", "Joseph Babinski"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lc_names\" labels are shown in the image \"a80bb4bd226f38c5.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "a80bb4bd226f38c5.jpg", "vocabulary": "lc_names"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_83c0b9b6d665", "question": {"candidates": ["Religion", "Folly", "Taste", "Preaching", "Human behavior", "Witchcraft", "Audiences", "Weapons", "Cats", "Water Wells", "Temperament", "Chiroptera", "Christianity", "Church buildings", "Ideals (Aesthetics)", "Blood", "Thermometers", "Senses and sensation", "Devil", "Superstitions"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"6a45cc343a1ac4ea.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "6a45cc343a1ac4ea.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_847ba7e4aa96", "question": {"candidates": ["Determination (Personality trait)", "Thermopylae, Battle of, Greece, 480 B.C.", "Thermometers", "Church buildings", "Human behavior", "Anxiety"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"1bd102b5de276947.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "1bd102b5de276947.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_84e1c8364b84", "question": {"candidates": ["Sick children", "Mentally ill", "Disease", "Proportion (Anthropometry)", "Anxiety", "Food", "Taste", "Marasmus"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"86b1b75b581a21e3.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "86b1b75b581a21e3.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_860fe41e11a0", "question": {"candidates": ["Judicial error", "Hallucinations", "Staffs (Sticks, canes, etc.)", "Fans", "Surgeons", "Goats"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"ac10c9a0361dc563.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "ac10c9a0361dc563.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_86a085a0e749", "question": {"candidates": ["Ideals (Aesthetics)", "Smoking Pipes", "Statues", "Priests", "Beneficence", "Art, Greek"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are represented in the image \"e8f701230a06e665.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "e8f701230a06e665.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_89f00db305d0", "question": {"candidates": ["Agitation (Psychology)", "Thames River (England)", "Beneficence", "Litters", "Coffins", "Costume - History - 19th century", "Music Therapy", "Rites and ceremonies", "Theological virtues", "Bereavement"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"a65cdf3eb4b3e434.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "a65cdf3eb4b3e434.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_8a966b859238", "question": {"candidates": ["Blessing and cursing", "Dolls", "Drawing books", "Busts", "Artists' preparatory studies", "Posture in worship", "Prayer", "Rain", "Harp", "Litters", "Gesture", "Foot", "Hand", "Urns", "Costume - France", "Patients"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"1ca879c117b07970.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "1ca879c117b07970.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_8c60efcaa346", "question": {"candidates": ["Mothers", "Older women", "Asylums", "Tea", "Rites and ceremonies", "Dream interpretation", "Gossip", "Discipline"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"8d0a9b96dc71e7ef.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "8d0a9b96dc71e7ef.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_8f5fb7556ed4", "question": {"candidates": ["Pride and vanity", "Persons with Intellectual Disabilities", "Gardeners", "Head - Wounds and injuries"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are represented by the image \"db3d58881f899340.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "db3d58881f899340.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_90eea3fbc67d", "question": {"candidates": ["Gesture", "Children with mental disabilities", "Joint Dislocations", "Down Syndrome"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"f2755d47e31a0660.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "f2755d47e31a0660.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_91cf5b38078f", "question": {"candidates": ["Cats", "Calculi", "Mentally ill", "Artists' preparatory studies"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"656cd62344ecddf5.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "656cd62344ecddf5.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_9288520f464d", "question": {"candidates": ["Quietude", "Missionaries", "Horses", "Rich people", "Pulse", "Stigmatization", "Lions", "Physiology, Comparative", "Muscles", "Hospitals - France", "Psychiatrists", "Happiness"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"de42a246a377172d.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "de42a246a377172d.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_9398db3b3e48", "question": {"candidates": ["Beneficence", "Panic", "Determination (Personality trait)", "Begging"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"27a895f5dd43f690.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "27a895f5dd43f690.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_9621ea96d36f", "question": {"candidates": ["Nuns", "Anxiety", "Crosses", "Suicide victims", "God", "Gardens", "Desire", "Nurses", "Patients", "Sick", "God - Wrath", "Fall of man", "Cats", "Staffs (Sticks, canes, etc.)"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"b95b1918c08f2efc.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "b95b1918c08f2efc.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_99de372a2633", "question": {"candidates": ["St Paul's School", "Franz Joseph Gall", "St. Luke's Hospital (London, England)", "Louis-Philippe I"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lc_names\" labels are covered by the image \"2bd705c0d209b7c9.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "2bd705c0d209b7c9.jpg", "vocabulary": "lc_names"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_9a46b8521b01", "question": {"candidates": ["Christianity and other religions - Greek", "Conversion", "Resurrection", "Children - Diseases", "Intelligence", "Psychology - History", "Intestine, Small", "Persons with Intellectual Disabilities"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"240a46410e9c33b2.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "240a46410e9c33b2.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_9a899d24ad3c", "question": {"candidates": ["Franz Joseph Gall", "Hall, Martha", "George Combe", "Morgan"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lc_names\" labels are covered by the image \"57ad3d005b1f7e69.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "57ad3d005b1f7e69.jpg", "vocabulary": "lc_names"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_a0ffca97ebcd", "question": {"candidates": ["Carlo Goldoni", "Hôpital Bicêtre", "Louis-Philippe I", "France", "Charles", "Franz Joseph Gall"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lc_names\" labels are shown in the image \"7e2bf7fe0adb85cb.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "7e2bf7fe0adb85cb.jpg", "vocabulary": "lc_names"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_a18110b904d7", "question": {"candidates": ["Last words", "Reading", "Learning and scholarship", "Taste", "Rites and ceremonies", "Geometry"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"6ac14a9a038f4dd9.jpg\", and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "6ac14a9a038f4dd9.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_a1c5dfa2d93b", "question": {"candidates": ["Philistines", "Anxiety", "Muscle strength", "Quietude"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"34d5c84df3b40297.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "34d5c84df3b40297.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_a1db7f118a1e", "question": {"candidates": ["Voltaire", "George Combe", "Samuel Johnson", "Spencer"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lc_names\" labels are shown by the image \"de42a246a377172d.jpg\", and which are not present in it?", "topic": "de42a246a377172d.jpg", "vocabulary": "lc_names"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_a45ae9faf5e7", "question": {"candidates": ["John Russell, 1st Earl Russell", "William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne", "John the Apostle", "Mary"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lc_names\" labels are covered by the image \"81328314d57ab084.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "81328314d57ab084.jpg", "vocabulary": "lc_names"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_a507503278a8", "question": {"candidates": ["Thomas Hollis", "George Howard Darwin", "South Africa", "Cleopatra"], "text": "Which of the candidate lc_names labels are covered by the image \"49f915e67d633a16.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "49f915e67d633a16.jpg", "vocabulary": "lc_names"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_a51e98964764", "question": {"candidates": ["Temperament", "Women patients", "Christianity", "Child"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"16b1e3b6a94d9d98.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "16b1e3b6a94d9d98.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_a565aeb4849f", "question": {"candidates": ["Folly", "Ideals (Aesthetics)", "Nose", "Devil"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"29d5e757b8218aa4.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "29d5e757b8218aa4.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_a6a3ca78c677", "question": {"candidates": ["Neurophysiology", "Psychology - History", "Brain - Localization of functions", "Aphorisms and Proverbs as Topic", "Bedrooms", "Politicians"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"2846a7e43a0b91ef.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "2846a7e43a0b91ef.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_a7be538443cf", "question": {"candidates": ["Ear", "Patients", "Psychiatry", "Artists' preparatory studies", "Drawing books", "Mentally ill women"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"fbb2eb7ff3b894c7.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "fbb2eb7ff3b894c7.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_a8fb766f1d65", "question": {"candidates": ["Gout", "Psychiatry", "Books", "Architecture - England"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are shown in the image \"2c5f17dafb22b6f3.jpg\" and which are not represented?", "topic": "2c5f17dafb22b6f3.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_a93868fb10ee", "question": {"candidates": ["Older people", "Puppets", "Furniture - France", "Eyeglasses", "Rich people", "Senses and sensation"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"1de862f9569cc4a4.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "1de862f9569cc4a4.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_ab211311dfd9", "question": {"candidates": ["Hearses (Vehicles)", "Coffins", "Medical fees", "Patients", "Church buildings", "Child", "Nurses", "Milk", "Crosses", "Physicians - Salaries, etc.", "Beneficence", "Shoe shiners"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"0a65956af26d71df.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "0a65956af26d71df.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_ababbbe05f15", "question": {"candidates": ["Masks", "Dangerously mentally ill", "Easels", "Temperament"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"9c05dacebfe173df.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "9c05dacebfe173df.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_ac105ab8a2b9", "question": {"candidates": ["Mentally ill", "Music Therapy", "Syncope", "Applied ethics"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"f79ed86857767b3a.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "f79ed86857767b3a.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_adf68f228ba0", "question": {"candidates": ["Alternative medicine", "Hydrocyanic acid", "Depressed persons", "Devil", "Mentally ill", "Beds", "House furnishings", "Opium"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"47d7897859151eba.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "47d7897859151eba.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_b01ecd7a8e04", "question": {"candidates": ["Metamorphosis, Biological", "Blood", "Flight", "Wounds and Injuries"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"14ec48780847029f.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "14ec48780847029f.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_b3663d9ff851", "question": {"candidates": ["Mentally ill women", "Mentally ill", "Psychology - History", "Neurophysiology"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are shown in the image \"90f50a0d0f873804.jpg\", and which are not shown?", "topic": "90f50a0d0f873804.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_b4b808789564", "question": {"candidates": ["Church buildings", "Psychiatric hospital patients - Restraint", "Ugliness", "Ideals (Aesthetics)", "Proportion (Anthropometry)", "Psychiatric hospital patients"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"11bcf1e24cb40b9b.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "11bcf1e24cb40b9b.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_b62870b92825", "question": {"candidates": ["Beneficence", "Psychoanalysts", "Litters", "Psychotherapist and patient", "Cult", "Psychiatrists", "Head - Wounds and injuries", "Sadness"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"c65ab9ffb37cf052.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "c65ab9ffb37cf052.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_b7c2346a1b6c", "question": {"candidates": ["Neurophysiology", "Beneficence", "Children - Diseases", "Gastropoda", "Psychology - History", "Suffering"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are shown in the image \"e1e765c7c257965a.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "e1e765c7c257965a.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_b8c9fb5fc9b0", "question": {"candidates": ["Delusions", "Desire", "Nuns", "Quietude"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"6a6d0b0a879e9501.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "6a6d0b0a879e9501.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_ba4e88ec8910", "question": {"candidates": ["Piety", "Games", "Cult", "Sewing"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are represented in the image \"1a25d423fdb66ece.jpg\", and which ones are not represented?", "topic": "1a25d423fdb66ece.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_bc5ec35814f4", "question": {"candidates": ["Musicians", "Anxiety", "Neurophysiology", "Temperament", "Soldiers", "Muscles", "Pulse", "Physicians", "Interior architecture", "Syncope"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"6ab8f44d024f9cf8.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "6ab8f44d024f9cf8.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_bd1f6d56e754", "question": {"candidates": ["Esther", "Johann Spurzheim", "Louis XIV of France", "Darenth", "Xerxes I", "Edward Somerset, 2nd Marquess of Worcester", "Hall, John, 1943-2000", "Morgan", "Spencer", "John Copley, 1st Baron Lyndhurst", "Charles Wesley", "Hall, Martha", "John Wesley", "Charles"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lc_names\" labels are covered by the image \"73e671b09af28794.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "73e671b09af28794.jpg", "vocabulary": "lc_names"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_be12e5a39536", "question": {"candidates": ["Convalescence", "Bedrooms", "Masks", "Psychology - History", "Sick", "Social classes - France", "Physics", "Reading"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"b84e4344fd8e7e6b.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "b84e4344fd8e7e6b.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_c2c6190d6cd3", "question": {"candidates": ["Mental health", "Human behavior - Animal models", "Science - History - 19th century", "Columns", "Furniture", "Cats"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are shown in the image \"8cc80e58d7d0e577.jpg\", and which ones are not present in it?", "topic": "8cc80e58d7d0e577.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_c2c7925c5896", "question": {"candidates": ["Happiness", "Traveling sales personnel", "Nose", "Mass Behavior", "Snakes", "Direct selling", "Rainstorms", "Murder", "Cats", "Psychiatrists", "Depressed persons", "Audiences", "Kings and rulers", "Science", "Selling - Drugs", "Entertainers", "Performing arts", "Quackery"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"53a0b97ae489f05d.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "53a0b97ae489f05d.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_c40c17020a5d", "question": {"candidates": ["Armies", "Soldiers", "Altars", "Tea", "Morphine", "Germans", "Discipline", "Gesture", "Burial", "Smoking"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"53003dabba9db04c.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "53003dabba9db04c.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_c610f5b78cdc", "question": {"candidates": ["Posture", "Child", "Dental instruments and apparatus", "Games", "Church buildings", "Bowls (Game)"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"0b3ef379ba357735.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "0b3ef379ba357735.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_c7e8138ee64b", "question": {"candidates": ["Children with mental disabilities", "Perception", "Dream interpretation", "Depth Perception", "Gesture", "Skeleton", "Posture", "Human Body", "Chiroptera", "Psychology - History", "Spatial behavior", "Temperament", "Christianity and other religions - Greek", "Animals - Symbolic aspects", "Mercury", "Games"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"1dd525cbd3796ff7.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "1dd525cbd3796ff7.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_c805eb245f04", "question": {"candidates": ["Woodcuts", "Mokuhanga", "Photomechanical prints", "Postcards"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"wellcome_genre\" labels are covered by the image \"2ce62890310208d3.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "2ce62890310208d3.jpg", "vocabulary": "wellcome_genre"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_c88d60e0fa08", "question": {"candidates": ["Methodism", "Physiology, Comparative", "Funeral rites and ceremonies", "Burial", "Astronomy", "Water Wells", "Touch", "Mothers", "Globes", "House furnishings"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"73e671b09af28794.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "73e671b09af28794.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_ca3e65edd62a", "question": {"candidates": ["Devil", "Brooms and brushes", "Philosophy", "Intelligence", "Married people", "Shoes", "Psychology", "Philistines"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"7068f47a012bcbfd.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "7068f47a012bcbfd.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_cac00d7fc091", "question": {"candidates": ["Senses and sensation", "Bedrooms", "Lip", "Geometry", "Shock", "Medicine"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"e0f96d80dbaffc48.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "e0f96d80dbaffc48.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_cd0eed4379f3", "question": {"candidates": ["Franz Joseph Gall", "Jean-Martin Charcot", "Johann Spurzheim", "Salomon de Caus"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lc_names\" labels are covered by the image \"123c9fa8b7d81632.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "123c9fa8b7d81632.jpg", "vocabulary": "lc_names"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_cece2d2e86ee", "question": {"candidates": ["Entertainers", "Teaching", "Snakes", "Hysteria", "Traveling sales personnel", "Performing arts", "Students", "Hypnosis"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"be0cbaa0ee771028.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "be0cbaa0ee771028.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_cee2afe0aad4", "question": {"candidates": ["Drowning", "Old age", "Marasmus", "Ugliness"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"5a1e5b4bdd74a7d2.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "5a1e5b4bdd74a7d2.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_cf62ea0acd7e", "question": {"candidates": ["Johann Spurzheim", "Hugo van der Goes", "Brussels", "Paris"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lc_names\" labels are shown in the image \"f79ed86857767b3a.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "f79ed86857767b3a.jpg", "vocabulary": "lc_names"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_cfb8d35ed7ce", "question": {"candidates": ["Domes", "Columns", "Fashion", "Mandible", "Preaching", "Maxilla"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are shown in the image \"268f8f6c04c4b13b.jpg\" and which ones are missing from it?", "topic": "268f8f6c04c4b13b.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_d066882c79e7", "question": {"candidates": ["Franz Joseph Gall", "Adam", "Johann Spurzheim", "Eve"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lc_names\" labels are covered by the image \"e885fbef22e82d9e.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "e885fbef22e82d9e.jpg", "vocabulary": "lc_names"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_d4a21d7bd33d", "question": {"candidates": ["Purple", "Disease", "CNS", "Support", "Sad", "Illustration", "Connections", "Left-right brain asymmetry", "Model organism", "Multi-coloured", "Neural network", "Magenta", "Understanding", "Green", "Aquatic vertebrae", "Emotions", "Neuronal signalling", "Senses", "Vulnerable", "Migration", "Bilateral", "Pink"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"wellcome_local_subject\" labels are depicted in the image \"bfe1dbb90d12d1a9.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "bfe1dbb90d12d1a9.jpg", "vocabulary": "wellcome_local_subject"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_d50ab0f94cf3", "question": {"candidates": ["Europeans", "Hallucinations", "Mongols", "Medicine", "Ethiopians", "Self-defense"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"aa692eea54b32767.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "aa692eea54b32767.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["image"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_d5e1bb532e39", "question": {"candidates": ["Wheelbarrows", "African People", "Disease", "Determination (Personality trait)", "Lip", "Headgear"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"lcsh\" labels are covered by the image \"0c503c5b8ed895ed.jpg\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "0c503c5b8ed895ed.jpg", "vocabulary": "lcsh"}, "task": "T6"}
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+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_004ed5680437", "question": {"candidates": ["Students, Nursing", "Computer Simulation", "Femur", "Congresses as Topic"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"8627ca0d62665612.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "8627ca0d62665612.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
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+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_6f407b004ee0", "question": {"candidates": ["Tachycardia, Ventricular", "Dendritic Spines", "Imaging, Three-Dimensional", "Automation", "Intracranial Hypotension", "Machine Learning", "Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak", "Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document cf6ad6a0eb6fc271.pdf, and which are missing from it?", "topic": "cf6ad6a0eb6fc271.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_895eb37fa99b", "question": {"candidates": ["Femur", "Melatonin", "Mechanoreceptors", "Corpus Striatum", "Autism Spectrum Disorder", "Research Design", "Systematic Reviews as Topic", "Brain", "Phototherapy", "Fingers", "Aging", "Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Heart", "Cognitive Behavioral Therapy", "Network Meta-Analysis as Topic", "Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic", "Sleep Wake Disorders"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"0f7924d9573572b2.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "0f7924d9573572b2.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_905fd09bcb93", "question": {"candidates": ["Disease Models, Animal", "Finite Element Analysis", "Memory", "Imaging, Three-Dimensional", "Cognition", "Executive Function", "Sedentary Behavior", "Growth Plate", "Aging", "Brain"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"612ce4a6986d2c9d.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "612ce4a6986d2c9d.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_c973c9ee8894", "question": {"candidates": ["Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak", "Retrospective Studies", "Brain", "Heterozygote", "Magnetic Resonance Imaging", "Intracranial Hypotension", "Parenchymal Tissue", "Proteome", "Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity", "Bone Remodeling", "Proteomics", "Mechanical Phenomena"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"a5fc5bdf03b56222.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "a5fc5bdf03b56222.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
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+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_fa7b899af01b", "question": {"candidates": ["Heart", "Computer Simulation", "Models, Cardiovascular", "Adolescent Behavior", "SNARE Proteins", "Tachycardia, Ventricular", "Arrhythmias, Cardiac", "Violence", "Nurses", "Risk-Taking"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"c1f686ea0e5c7bd1.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "c1f686ea0e5c7bd1.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}
+{"answer_type": "set", "modalities": ["pdf"], "persona": "psychology", "qid": "T6_psychology_fd6fe716371f", "question": {"candidates": ["Reward", "Aging", "Emotions", "Major Depressive Disorder", "Brain", "Magnetic Resonance Imaging", "Heterozygote", "Nurses", "Brain Mapping", "Stress, Mechanical", "Biomechanical Phenomena", "Scoping Reviews As Topic", "Memory, Short-Term", "Piperidines"], "text": "Which of the candidate \"mesh\" labels are covered by the PDF document \"6fc0ca90301b809f.pdf\", and which are missing from it?", "topic": "6fc0ca90301b809f.pdf", "vocabulary": "mesh"}, "task": "T6"}